Selected quad for the lemma: day_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	hour_n	minute_n	pole_n	5,045	5	12.8170	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31706	The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.; De bello civili. English	Caesar, Julius.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Observations upon Caesars commentaries of the civil warres.; Hirtius, Aulus. De bello Gallico. Liber 8. English.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Manner of our modern training or tactick practise.; Caesar, Julius. De bello Gallico. English.	1655 (1655)	Wing C199; ESTC R17666	660,153	403

merchandise_n and_o gain_n of_o money_n next_o unto_o he_o they_o prefer_v apollo_n mars_n jove_n and_o minerva_n and_o of_o these_o they_o carry_v the_o same_o opinion_n as_o other_o nation_n do_v apollo_n to_o be_v powerful_a in_o heal_a disease_n minerva_n in_o find_v out_o artificial_a work_n jove_n rule_v the_o celestial_a empire_n and_o mars_n for_o war_n when_o they_o be_v to_o encounter_v with_o a_o enemy_n they_o vow_v all_o the_o spoil_n unto_o he_o and_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v take_v they_o sacrifice_v other_o thing_n they_o lie_v up_o in_o some_o one_o place_n and_o many_o such_o heap_n of_o thing_n so_o take_v be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o holy_a place_n of_o diverse_a of_o their_o city_n neither_o do_v it_o often_o happen_v that_o any_o man_n neglect_v his_o religion_n in_o that_o point_n dare_v either_o keep_v back_o any_o thing_n so_o take_v or_o take_v away_o aught_o lay_v up_o in_o their_o repository_n for_o they_o incur_v a_o heavy_a punishment_n and_o torture_n for_o that_o offence_n the_o gall_n do_v all_o boast_v themselves_o in_o the_o stock_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v descend_v understand_v by_o the_o druid_n that_o they_o come_v of_o the_o god_n dis._n and_o therefore_o they_o end_v the_o space_n of_o all_o their_o time_n by_o the_o number_n of_o night_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o number_n of_o day_n observe_v the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n the_o begining_n of_o their_o month_n and_o their_o year_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o day_n do_v always_o follow_v the_o night_n and_o herein_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o nation_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o their_o child_n to_o come_v open_o unto_o they_o but_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v fit_a for_o war_n think_v it_o shameful_a and_o dishonest_a that_o a_o son_n in_o his_o childhood_n shall_v in_o public_a place_n stand_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o father_n to_o the_o portion_n which_o they_o have_v with_o their_o wife_n they_o add_v as_o much_o more_o of_o their_o own_o good_n and_o the_o use_n of_o this_o money_n thus_o add_v together_o be_v keep_v apart_o and_o the_o long_a liver_n have_v both_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o interest_n for_o all_o the_o former_a time_n the_o man_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n both_o over_o their_o wife_n and_o their_o child_n and_o when_o a_o man_n of_o great_a place_n and_o parentage_n shall_v happen_v to_o decease_n his_o kinsfolk_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o to_o inquire_v of_o his_o death_n if_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n of_o suspicion_n they_o put_v his_o wife_n to_o torture_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o servant_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v she_o die_v torment_v with_o fire_n and_o all_o other_o torture_n as_o may_v be_v imagine_v their_o funeral_n according_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o life_n be_v magnifical_a and_o sumptuous_a bury_v with_o the_o dead_a corpse_n all_o that_o he_o take_v delight_n in_o while_o he_o live_v not_o spare_v living_n creature_n and_o not_o long_o out_o of_o memory_n the_o custom_n be_v to_o bury_v with_o the_o body_n such_o client_n and_o servant_n as_o be_v favour_v by_o he_o in_o his_o life-time_n such_o state_n as_o be_v careful_a in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o common-weal_n do_v prohibit_v by_o a_o special_a law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v communicate_v a_o rumour_n or_o report_n touch_v the_o state_n to_o any_o man_n save_v a_o magistrate_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o have_v be_v often_o find_v that_o rash_a and_o unskilful_a man_n be_v so_o terrify_v with_o false_a report_n and_o move_v to_o such_o desperate_a attempt_n that_o they_o enter_v into_o resolution_n touch_v the_o main_a point_n of_o state_n the_o magistrate_n do_v keep_v secret_a such_o thing_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o that_o which_o they_o think_v expedient_a they_o publish_v but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o speak_v of_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o in_o assembly_n of_o state_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o beginning_n of_o day_n and_o time_n observe_v which_o caesar_n note_v in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o gall_n after_o sunsetting_a whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o natural_a day_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n the_o night_n always_o precede_v the_o day_n time_n contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o italy_n where_o the_o day_n begin_v at_o sunrising_n and_o the_o night_n follow_v the_o artificial_a day_n as_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o day_n natural_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o time_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o depend_v upon_o the_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o as_o it_o move_v in_o its_o own_o orb_n from_o west_n to_o east_n beget_v the_o revolution_n of_o year_n and_o the_o season_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o spring_n and_o the_o autumn_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o month_n as_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n by_o the_o first_o move_v sphere_n make_v the_o distinction_n of_o night_n and_o day_n hour_n and_o minute_n so_o the_o beginning_n of_o these_o time_n and_o season_n be_v diverse_o take_v among_o diverse_a people_n and_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o jew_n have_v the_o same_o computation_n touch_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o day_n as_o the_o gall_n have_v but_o upon_o other_o ground_n and_o reason_n than_o can_v be_v allege_v for_o this_o custom_n in_o gallia_n for_o they_o begin_v their_o day_n in_o the_o evening_n at_o sunne-setting_a as_o appear_v by_o many_o place_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o moses_n in_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o first_o seven_o day_n work_n upon_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o a_o day_n say_v the_o evening_n and_o the_o morning_n be_v one_o day_n give_v the_o evening_n precedency_n before_o the_o morning_n as_o though_o the_o day_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o evening_n the_o bohemian_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v observe_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o day_n in_o the_o evening_n and_o do_v herein_o follow_v the_o use_n of_o the_o jew_n other_o nation_n do_v begin_v at_o sunrising_n and_o take_v the_o computation_n of_o their_o day_n natural_a from_o the_o first_o appear_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o east_n the_o greek_n begin_v and_o end_v their_o day_n at_o midnight_n observe_v the_o certainty_n of_o that_o time_n and_o the_o correspondence_n between_o the_o equal_a and_o planetary_a hour_n in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n whereas_o otherwise_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n out_o of_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o be_v always_o some_o difference_n between_o the_o say_a hour_n and_o this_o use_n also_o be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o england_n this_o god_n dis_n who_o he_o name_v for_o the_o father_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v the_o same_o who_o the_o heathen_a call_v pluto_n the_o god_n of_o hell_n and_o darkness_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o put_v darkness_n before_o light_n touch_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o natural_a day_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o this_o circumstance_n give_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o day_n and_o time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o insert_v the_o reformation_n of_o the_o year_n which_o caesar_n so_o happy_o establish_v that_o succeed_a time_n have_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o alter_v the_o same_o and_o although_o it_o neither_o concern_v the_o art_n of_o war_n nor_o happen_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o seven_o summer_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v do_v by_o caesar_n and_o deserve_v as_o often_o memory_n as_o any_o other_o of_o his_o noble_a act_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o take_v thus_o much_o by_o the_o way_n concern_v that_o matter_n there_o be_v no_o nation_n of_o any_o civil_a government_n but_o observe_v a_o course_n or_o revolution_n difference_v with_o time_n and_o season_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o circuit_n which_o it_o make_v through_o the_o sign_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o government_n of_o a_o civil_a year_n do_v not_o well_o admit_v any_o other_o composition_n of_o part_n to_o make_v it_o absolute_a and_o complete_a then_o by_o natural_a day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o sun_n require_v odd_a hour_n and_o minute_n to_o finish_v his_o race_n and_o return_v again_o to_o the_o goal_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v there_o have_v always_o be_v find_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o civil_a and_o the_o solar_a year_n before_o caesar_n time_n the_o roman_n use_v the_o ancient_a computation_n of_o the_o year_n have_v not_o only_o such_o uncertainty_n and_o alteration_n in_o month_n and_o time_n that_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o yearly_a feast_n come_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o season_n contrary_a

for_o the_o purpose_n they_o be_v ordain_v but_o also_o in_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o solar_a year_n no_o other_o nation_n agree_v with_o they_o in_o account_n and_o of_o the_o roman_n themselves_o only_o the_o priest_n understand_v it_o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o please_v no_o man_n be_v able_a to_o control_v they_o they_o will_v upon_o the_o sudden_a thrust_n in_o a_o month_n above_o the_o ordinary_a number_n which_o as_o plutarch_n note_v plutarch_n be_v in_o old_a time_n call_v mercedonius_n or_o mensis_fw-la intercalaris_fw-la to_o remedy_v this_o inconvenience_n caesar_n caesar_n call_v together_o the_o best_a and_o most_o expert_a astronomer_n of_o that_o time_n make_v a_o calendar_n more_o exact_o calculate_v then_o any_o other_o that_o be_v before_o and_o yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n have_v breed_v a_o difference_n for_o the_o matter_n stand_v thus_o it_o be_v find_v by_o certain_a observation_n of_o mathematician_n of_o all_o age_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o own_o sphere_n finish_v his_o yearly_a course_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 365._o day_n five_o hour_n nine_o and_o forty_o minute_n and_o some_o odd_a second_n whereupon_o it_o be_v then_o conclude_v that_o their_o civil_a year_n must_v necessary_o contain_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o five_o day_n which_o make_v two_o and_o fifty_o week_n and_o one_o day_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o those_o five_o odd_a hour_n nine_o and_o forty_o minute_n and_o some_o second_o do_v in_o four_o year_n space_n amount_v unto_o a_o natural_a day_n want_v two_o and_o forty_o minute_n and_o six_o and_o fifty_o second_n which_o be_v think_v nothing_o in_o comparison_n they_o devise_v every_o four_o year_n to_o add_v a_o day_n more_o than_o ordinary_a to_o answer_v that_o time_n which_o be_v usual_o add_v to_o february_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o every_o four_o year_n february_n have_v nine_o and_o twenty_o day_n and_o so_o they_o make_v a_o order_n to_o reform_v their_o year_n without_o any_o sensible_a error_n for_o a_o long_a time_n but_o since_o that_o time_n be_v one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o year_n and_o more_o those_o two_o and_o forty_o minute_n and_o six_o and_o fifty_o second_n which_o as_o i_o say_v do_v want_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n which_o be_v insert_v in_o every_o four_o year_n have_v breed_v a_o manifest_a and_o a_o apparent_a error_n for_o whereas_o the_o civil_a year_n be_v by_o that_o mean_n make_v great_a than_o the_o solar_n year_n the_o sun_n end_v his_o task_n before_o we_o can_v end_v our_o time_n it_o happen_v that_o such_o feast_n as_o have_v relation_n to_o seasonable_a time_n do_v as_o it_o be_v foreslow_v the_o opportunity_n and_o fall_v out_o further_o in_o the_o year_n as_o though_o they_o have_v a_o motion_n towards_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o as_o these_o go_v forward_o so_o do_v the_o equinoctial_a return_n backward_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o month_n for_o caesar_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o astronomer_n observe_v the_o aequinoctium_n the_o five_o and_o twenty_o of_o march._n ptolemy_n in_o his_o time_n observe_v the_o aequinoctium_n the_o two_o and_o twenty_o of_o march._n and_o it_o be_v observe_v the_o one_o and_o twenty_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n from_o the_o incarnation_n 322._o what_o time_n be_v hold_v the_o first_o general_a council_n at_o nice_a a_o city_n of_o pontus_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o paschall_n table_n and_o other_o rule_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o celebration_n of_o easter_n but_o since_o that_o time_n there_o be_v pass_v 1281._o year_n and_o the_o aequinoctium_n come_v before_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o of_o march_n ten_o day_n as_o this_o error_n be_v reform_v among_o other_o nation_n and_o reduce_v to_o that_o state_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o nicene_n council_n so_o there_o may_v many_o reason_n be_v allege_v to_o prove_v the_o reformation_n convenient_a of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o day_n then_o ten_o for_o if_o the_o calendar_n be_v so_o order_v that_o every_o month_n may_v begin_v when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o that_o sign_n which_o be_v for_o the_o month_n and_o end_v when_o the_o sun_n go_v out_o of_o that_o sign_n it_o will_v avoid_v much_o confusion_n and_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o which_o doubtless_o be_v the_o purport_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o month_n and_o be_v observe_v as_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n who_o begin_v the_o year_n at_o the_o winter_n solstice_n as_o ovid_n note_v bruma_n novi_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la veterisque_fw-la novissima_fw-la solis_fw-la principium_fw-la capiunt_fw-la phoebus_n &_o annus_fw-la idem_fw-la and_o therefore_o they_o call_v that_o month_n january_n of_o janus_n that_o have_v two_o face_n and_o see_v both_o the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a year_n such_o therefore_o as_o will_v go_v about_o to_o reform_v the_o year_n to_o this_o course_n must_v not_o cut_v off_o ten_o day_n only_o but_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o for_o one_o year_n make_v december_n to_o continue_v but_o ten_o day_n and_o then_o january_n to_o begin_v and_o so_o successive_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o although_o we_o help_v ourselves_o and_o put_v off_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v fall_v upon_o we_o yet_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o like_a error_n will_v fall_v again_o upon_o succeed_a age_n and_o put_v their_o yearly_a feast_n beside_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o they_o for_o remedy_v whereof_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o whereas_o this_o error_n have_v happen_v by_o add_v every_o four_o year_n a_o natural_a day_n which_o in_o true_a calculation_n want_v two_o and_o forty_o minute_n and_o six_o and_o fifty_o second_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n and_o in_o very_a 136._o year_n have_v accrue_v within_o one_o minute_n to_o a_o day_n more_o than_o need_v the_o only_a way_n be_v every_o 136._o year_n to_o omit_v the_o addition_n of_o that_o day_n and_o to_o make_v that_o year_n to_o contain_v but_o 365._o day_n which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o caesar_n calendar_n be_v a_o leap_n year_n and_o have_v one_o day_n more_o which_o have_v bring_v this_o error_n and_o so_o there_o will_v not_o happen_v the_o error_n of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 111086._o year_n if_o the_o world_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o but_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v more_o curious_a in_o reform_v the_o course_n of_o our_o civil_a year_n than_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o civil_a life_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o their_o manner_n of_o life_n be_v the_o respect_n they_o have_v to_o matter_n of_o state_n state_n and_o the_o care_n which_o they_o take_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v dispute_v of_o the_o common-weal_n but_o in_o assembly_n appoint_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o common-weal_n whereby_o they_o gain_v two_o special_a point_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o good_a government_n the_o first_o that_o no_o man_n may_v speak_v of_o point_n of_o state_n but_o the_o governor_n of_o state_n for_o such_o i_o understand_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o their_o counsel_n and_o parliament_n second_o that_o such_o matter_n of_o consequence_n as_o touch_v they_o so_o near_o may_v not_o be_v handle_v but_o in_o such_o place_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o might_n best_o advantage_v the_o state_n concern_v the_o former_a we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o government_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o establish_n of_o order_n best_o fit_v the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o people_n in_o a_o peaceable_a and_o happy_a life_n order_n require_v degree_n and_o distinction_n invest_v several_a part_n in_o several_a function_n and_o duty_n to_o these_o duty_n there_o belong_v a_o due_a observance_n according_a to_o the_o motion_n and_o place_n which_o every_o part_n hold_v in_o the_o general_a order_n of_o these_o degree_n and_o distinction_n sovereignty_n and_o obedience_n be_v two_o main_a relative_n tacitus_n the_o one_o invest_v in_o the_o prince_n or_o magistrate_n the_o other_o in_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n incommunicable_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o term_n and_o subject_n and_o yet_o concur_v in_o the_o main_a drift_n of_o government_n intend_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o happy_a life_n and_o therefore_o the_o gall_n do_v careful_o provide_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o rank_n but_o that_o such_o as_o sate_v at_o the_o helm_n may_v shape_v the_o course_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n who_o lot_n it_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o mandate_n by_o obedience_n

in_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o near_a province_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocontii_n a_o people_n of_o the_o further_a province_n from_o whence_o he_o lead_v they_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o allobroges_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o sabusians_n that_o be_v the_o first_o beyond_o the_o rhone_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n by_o that_o time_n the_o helvetian_o have_v carry_v their_o force_n through_o the_o straits_n and_o frontier_n of_o the_o sequans_n into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o begin_v to_o forage_v and_o pillage_v their_o country_n who_o find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o make_v resistance_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o require_v aid_n show_v their_o desert_n to_o be_v such_o from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o may_v challenge_v a_o great_a respect_n then_o to_o have_v their_o country_n spoil_v their_o child_n lead_v into_o captivity_n their_o town_n assault_v and_o take_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n likewise_o the_o ambarri_n that_o have_v dependency_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o heduan_o advise_v caesar_n that_o their_o country_n be_v utter_o waste_v and_o they_o s●arce_o able_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o enter_v their_o town_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o allobroges_n that_o have_v farm_n and_o possession_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n flee_v direct_o to_o caesar_n complain_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o their_o country_n with_o which_o advertisement_n caesar_n be_v so_o move_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o linger_v further_o or_o expect_v until_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o ally_n be_v all_o waste_v and_o that_o the_o helvetian_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o santon●s_n the_o river_n ne_fw-fr arar_n that_o run_v through_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o sequans_n into_o the_o rhone_n pass_v away_o with_o such_o a_o stillnesse_n that_o by_o view_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o can_v hardly_o be_v discern_v which_o way_n the_o water_n take_v this_o river_n do_v the_o helvetian_o pass_v over_o by_o float_v and_o bridge_n of_o boat_n when_o caesar_n be_v advertise_v by_o his_o discoverer_n that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o force_n be_v already_o past_a the_o water_n and_o that_o the_o four_o be_v leave_v behind_o on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o surprise_v that_o part_n which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o get_v over_o the_o river_n slay_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n flee_v into_o the_o next_o wood_n this_o part_n be_v the_o tigurine_a canton_n 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o helvetian_o be_v all_o part_v into_o four_o division_n this_o canton_n alone_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n slaw_v l._n cassius_n the_o consul_n and_o put_v his_o army_n under_o the_o yoke_n so_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n or_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o god_n that_o part_n of_o the_o helvetian_a state_n which_o give_v so_o great_a a_o blow_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v penance_n for_o the_o same_o wherein_o caesar_n take_v revenge_v not_o only_o of_o the_o public_a but_o of_o his_o particular_a loss_n too_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tigurine_n have_v in_o that_o battle_n with_o cassius_n slay_v l._n piso_n the_o grandfather_n of_o l._n piso_n his_o father_n in_o law_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o defeat_n be_v chief_o a_o service_n of_o execution_n upon_o such_o as_o be_v take_v at_o a_o dangerous_a disadvantage_n which_o man_n call_v unaware_o contain_v these_o two_o advisoe_n first_o not_o to_o neglect_v that_o advantage_n which_o sertorius_n by_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o horse_n tail_n have_v prove_v to_o be_v very_o important_a that_o beginning_n with_o a_o part_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o overcome_v the_o whole_a second_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o caveat_n so_o to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o water_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o a_o reasonable_a march_n that_o no_o part_n may_v be_v so_o sever_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n that_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o altogether_o and_o separate_v they_o from_o themselves_o the_o safe_a and_o most_o honourable_a way_n to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n be_v by_o a_o bridge_n place_v at_o each_o end_n sufficient_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o defend_v the_o army_n from_o sudden_a assault_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n watch_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n every_o watch_n contain_v three_o hour_n and_o these_o watch_n be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a note_n and_o sound_n of_o cornet_n or_o trumpet_n that_o by_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n thereof_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v what_o watch_n be_v found_v the_o charge_n and_o office_n of_o sound_v the_o watch_v belong_v to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o a_o legion_n who_o they_o call_v primipilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n at_o who_o pavilion_n the_o trumpeter_n attend_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o hourglass_n the_o first_o watch_n begin_v always_o at_o sunne-setting_a and_o continue_v three_o hour_n i_o understand_v such_o hour_n as_o the_o night_n contain_v be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o for_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o night_n as_o well_o as_o their_o day_n into_o twelve_o equal_a space_n which_o they_o call_v hour_n the_o second_o watch_n continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o the_o three_o watch_n begin_v and_o contain_v likewise_o three_o hour_n the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sunrising_a so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n chap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_o and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_o after_o this_o overthrow_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n caesar_n and_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n to_o pursue_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o helvetian_a force_n the_o helvetian_o much_o daunt_v at_o his_o sudden_a come_n that_o have_v get_v over_o the_o river_n in_o one_o day_n which_o they_o can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o divico_n be_v chief_a that_o command_v the_o helvetian_o in_o the_o war_n against_o cassius_n who_o deal_v with_o caesar_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n will_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o helvetian_o they_o will_v go_v into_o any_o part_n which_o caesar_n shall_v appoint_v they_o but_o if_o otherwise_o he_o will_v prosecute_v war_n that_o he_o shall_v remember_v the_o overthrow_n which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n receive_v by_o their_o valour_n and_o not_o to_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o own_o worth_n that_o they_o have_v surprise_v at_o unaware_o a_o part_n of_o their_o army_n when_o such_o as_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n can_v not_o come_v to_o succour_v they_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o their_o forefather_n to_o contend_v rather_o by_o valour_n then_o by_o craft_n and_o device_n and_o therefore_o let_v he_o beware_v that_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o now_o be_v do_v not_o get_v a_o name_n or_o carry_v the_o mark_n to_o all_o future_a age_n of_o a_o eminent_a calamity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o his_o army_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o make_v the_o less_o doubt_n of_o the_o success_n of_o these_o business_n in_o that_o he_o well_o remember_v and_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o helvetian_a commissioner_n have_v relate_v and_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rather_o grieve_v thereat_o because_o it_o happen_v without_o any_o cause_n or_o desert_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o wrong_n do_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o beware_v of_o their_o practice_n but_o therein_o be_v his_o error_n that_o he_o can_v think_v of_o nothing_o which_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o fear_v neither_o can_v he_o fear_v without_o occasion_n and_o if_o he_o will_v let_v pass_v former_a insolence_n can_v he_o forget_v

a_o maniple_n be_v either_o a_o hand_n or_o a_o dragon_n a_o wolf_n or_o a_o sphinx_n as_o it_o appear_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o history_n by_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n in_o rome_n wherein_o the_o ensign_n be_v figure_v with_o such_o portraiture_n so_o that_o these_o ensign_n resemble_v the_o proportion_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v their_o forepart_n always_o carry_v that_o way_n which_o the_o legious_a be_v to_o march_v or_o where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n by_o the_o aspect_n and_o carry_v of_o the_o ensign_n the_o front_n of_o the_o army_n be_v common_o note_v as_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o hill_n whither_o the_o helvetian_o have_v make_v their_o retreat_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o three_o battle_n look_v another_o way_n towards_o the_o boii_n and_o tulingi_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n by_o which_o be_v signify_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v divide_v to_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o double_a encounter_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v not_o the_o same_o division_n of_o the_o day_n as_o we_o common_o do_v day_n for_o they_o divide_v their_o artificial_a which_o be_v the_o space_n between_o sunrising_a and_o set_v into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n which_o the_o astronomer_n call_v unequal_a or_o planetary_a hour_n the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n begin_v always_o at_o sunrising_a the_o six_o hour_n be_v always_o high_a noon_n and_o the_o twelve_o hour_n be_v sunset_n and_o as_o the_o day_n wax_v long_a or_o short_a so_o these_o hour_n be_v either_o great_a or_o less_o neither_o do_v they_o agree_v with_o equal_a or_o equinoctial_a hour_n such_o as_o be_v now_o use_v but_o only_o at_o the_o aequinoctium_n so_o that_o by_o this_o manner_n of_o reckon_n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la septima_fw-la ad_fw-la vesperum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o battle_n begin_v about_o one_o of_o the_o clock_n according_a to_o our_o computation_n and_o continue_v until_o the_o evening_n the_o like_a we_o must_v understand_v throughout_o this_o whole_a history_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n chap._n x._o the_o helvetian_o continue_v their_o fight_n at_o the_o carriage_n but_o at_o length_n they_o leave_v the_o field_n and_o march_v towards_o langre_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o fight_n be_v keep_v on_o foot_n at_o the_o carriage_n caesar_n until_o it_o be_v far_o in_o the_o night_n the_o place_n be_v fortify_v with_o cart_n instead_o of_o a_o rampire_n and_o the_o enemy_n cast_v their_o weapon_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n and_o with_o dart_n and_o javelin_n under_o the_o wagon_n and_o from_o between_o the_o wheel_n do_v wound_n and_o gall_n many_o of_o our_o man_n after_o a_o long_a conflict_n our_o soldier_n take_v their_o carriage_n and_o their_o camp_n wherein_o orgetorix_n daughter_n and_o one_o of_o his_o son_n be_v take_v there_o be_v save_v out_o of_o that_o battle_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o person_n who_o march_v continual_o all_o that_o night_n and_o make_v no_o stay_n in_o any_o place_n come_v the_o four_o day_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o lingones_n langre_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o soldier_n hurt_n and_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o slay_v wherein_o there_o be_v spend_v three_o day_n there_o be_v no_o pursuit_n make_v after_o they_o observation_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o overthrow_n as_o far_o as_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o the_o history_n shall_v direct_v our_o judgement_n we_o shall_v find_v valour_n not_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o helvetian_o but_o rather_o superlative_o abound_v in_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o vehement_a opinion_n of_o their_o valiancy_n and_o manhood_n which_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o starit_n of_o the_o country_n to_o seek_v large_a fortune_n in_o other_o kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o abate_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o host_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n nor_o with_o the_o terrible_a fury_n of_o those_o veterane_n legion_n but_o it_o yield_v this_o effect_n which_o caesar_n in_o his_o estimate_n of_o valour_n think_v memorable_a that_o for_o five_o hour_n space_n or_o more_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n their_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v have_v not_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o enemy_n be_v unresistable_a for_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o phalanx_n which_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o asia_n have_v make_v alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o macedomans_n famous_a they_o do_v as_o far_o surpass_v any_o other_o form_n of_o imbattel_v suppose_v that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n do_v fit_v that_o disposition_n wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o many_o particular_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o great_a body_n exceed_v the_o force_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o part_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a canton_n for_o as_o in_o a_o phalanx_n many_o particular_a soldier_n be_v by_o a_o close_a and_o compact_a order_n incorporate_v into_o one_o entire_a body_n so_o their_o several_a virtue_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o head_n and_o be_v as_o part_n unite_v into_o one_o general_a force_n which_o easy_o swallow_v up_o the_o ability_n of_o many_o other_o lesser_a quantity_n into_o which_o a_o great_a strength_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o they_o get_v by_o retreat_n and_o the_o double_a charge_n wherewith_o they_o engage_v the_o roman_n both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v able_a in_o a_o indifferent_a conflict_n to_o have_v make_v fortune_n fugitive_a and_o bear_v arm_n on_o their_o side_n or_o at_o the_o least_o so_o to_o have_v st●●med_v the_o swell_a tide_n of_o victory_n which_o carry_v the_o roman_n so_o violent_o in_o the_o chase_n that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v equal_a shater_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n have_v it_o not_o follow_v from_o a_o ocean_n of_o valour_n who_o course_n can_v not_o be_v hinder_v with_o any_o stop_n and_o opposition_n until_o it_o come_v to_o that_o height_n which_o true_a valour_n and_o unexampled_a resolution_n affect_v and_o yet_o the_o height_n of_o this_o courage_n can_v not_o so_o allay_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o helvetian_o fury_n but_o it_o break_v forth_o into_o dangerous_a flame_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o their_o carriage_n be_v lay_v and_o cost_v much_o blood_n and_o many_o man_n life_n before_o they_o quit_v the_o place_n for_o they_o fight_v with_o that_o spirit_n and_o industry_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o make_v trial_n whether_o their_o fortune_n will_v prove_v no_o better_o in_o the_o might_n than_o it_o have_v do_v in_o the_o day_n the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o tig●r●e_a canton_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n proceed_v rather_o from_o want_n of_o good_a duc●tions_n which_o be_v the_o less_o to_o be_v marvel_v at_o consider_v they_o have_v no_o chief_a commander_n as_o we_o read_v of_o then_o from_o any_o defect_n of_o valour_n 〈…〉_z for_o the_o rule_n of_o military_a government_n 〈◊〉_d especial_a care_n in_o pass_v over_o a_o water_n for_o then_o especial_o a_o army_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n when_o it_o be_v disorder_v and_o divide_v and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n achieve_v this_o victory_n by_o the_o horrible_a vigilancy_n as_o tully_n call_v it_o of_o their_o commande●_n who_o always_o watch_v opportunitates_fw-la re●_n bene_fw-la gerendae_fw-la as_o necessary_a and_o speedy_a mean_n to_o overcome_v in_o all_o his_o war_n chap._n xi_o caesar_n after_o three_o day_n respite_n follow_v after_o the_o helvetian_o he_o take_v they_o to_o mercy_n and_o send_v they_o back_o again_o to_o the_o country_n caesar_n send_v letter_n and_o messenger_n to_o the_o lingones_n caesar_n forbid_v to_o supply_v they_o either_o with_o cornor_n any_o other_o thing_n which_o if_o they_o do_v he_o will_v esteem_v of_o they_o as_o of_o the_o helvetian_o himself_o after_o three_o day_n respite_n follw_v after_o with_o all_o his_o force_n the_o helvetian_o press_v with_o the_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_a provision_n send_v commissioner_n unto_o he_o to_o treat_v of_o their_o rendition_n who_o meet_v he_o on_o the_o way_n cast_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n and_o with_o humble_a word_n and_o tear_n desire_v peace_n be_v command_v to_o attend_v in_o the_o place_n they_o then_o be_v they_o according_o obey_v caesar_n be_v come_v up_o unto_o they_o require_v hostage_n together_o with_o their_o arm_n and_o servant_n as_o also_o the_o fugitive_n that_o be_v sle_z unto_o they_o while_o those_o thing_n be_v seek_v out_o and_o bring_v in_o the_o

i_o have_v note_v in_o my_o former_a discourse_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o unpeaceable_a government_n be_v as_o well_o external_a and_o foreign_a as_o internal_a and_o breed_v in_o the_o body_n which_o need_v the_o help_n of_o a_o physician_n to_o continue_v the_o body_n in_o a_o perfect_a state_n of_o health_n &_o require_v as_o great_a a_o diligence_n to_o qualify_v their_o malicious_a operation_n as_o any_o internal_a sickness_n whatsoever_o in_o the_o second_o commentary_n i_o brief_o touch_v the_o commodity_n of_o good_a discovery_n but_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o fortunate_a carriage_n of_o a_o war_n i_o will_v once_o again_o by_o this_o example_n of_o caesar_n remember_v a_o general_n not_o to_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o duty_n suetonius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o our_o caesar_n report_v that_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o expedition_n but_o he_o first_o receive_v true_a intelligence_n of_o the_o particular_a site_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n as_o also_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o undertake_v the_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n until_o he_o have_v make_v perfect_a discovery_n by_o himself_o of_o the_o magnitude_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n which_o suetonius_n may_v understand_v by_o this_o first_o voyage_n which_o caesar_n will_v needs_o undertake_v in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o a_o summer_n although_o it_o be_v as_o he_o himself_o say_v but_o to_o discover_v it_o be_v record_v by_o ancient_a writer_n that_o those_o demigod_n that_o govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o time_n give_v great_a honour_n to_o the_o exercise_n of_o hunt_v as_o the_o perfect_a image_n of_o war_n in_o the_o resemblance_n of_o all_o part_n and_o namely_o in_o the_o discovery_n and_o knowledge_n of_o a_o country_n without_o which_o all_o enterprise_n either_o of_o sport_n in_o hunt_v or_o earnest_n in_o war_n be_v frivolous_a and_o of_o no_o effect_n and_o therefore_o xenophon_n in_o the_o life_n of_o cyrus_n show_v that_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o repetition_n of_o such_o sport_n as_o he_o have_v use_v in_o hunt_v howsoever_o if_o the_o infinite_a example_n register_v in_o history_n how_o by_o the_o dexterity_n of_o some_o leader_n it_o have_v gain_v great_a victory_n and_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o other_o irrecoverable_a overthrow_n be_v not_o sufficient_a motive_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o this_o duty_n let_v their_o own_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n manifest_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o proceed_n when_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o chief_a circumstance_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o have_v in_o hand_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n and_o let_v we_o learn_v of_o caesar_n what_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o unknown_a country_n as_o first_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n second_o what_o nation_n inhabit_v it_o three_o their_o use_n of_o war_n four_a their_o civil_a government_n and_o last_o what_o havens_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n all_o which_o circumstance_n be_v such_o principal_a artery_n in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o state_n that_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o one_o of_o these_o demand_n will_v have_v give_v great_a light_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n chap._n ix_o caesar_n send_v c._n volusenus_n to_o discover_v the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n and_o prepare_v himself_o for_o that_o voyage_n caesar_n send_v out_o caius_n volusenus_n with_o a_o galley_n to_o discover_v what_o he_o can_v concern_v these_o thing_n caesar_n with_o charge_n that_o have_v make_v perfect_a discovery_n he_o shall_v return_v again_o unto_o he_o as_o speedy_o as_o may_v be_v he_o himself_o march_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n with_o all_o his_o force_n unto_o the_o monstr●ul_a morini_n forasmuch_o as_o from_o thence_o lay_v the_o short_a cut_n into_o brittany_n thither_o he_o command_v that_o ship_n shall_v be_v bring_v from_o all_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o that_o quarter_n and_o namely_o that_o fleet_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o year_n before_o for_o the_o war_n at_o vannes_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n his_o resolution_n be_v know_v and_o carry_v into_o brittany_n by_o merchant_n and_o other_o many_o private_a state_n of_o that_o island_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o promise_v he_o hostage_n of_o their_o loyalty_n and_o signify_v their_o readiness_n to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o these_o he_o make_v liberal_a promise_n exhort_v they_o to_o continue_v in_o that_o obedience_n and_o so_o send_v they_o back_o again_o and_o with_o they_o he_o send_v comius_n who_o he_o have_v make_v king_n of_o arras_n who_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n he_o hold_v in_o good_a account_n and_o who_o he_o take_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o he_o and_o of_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o region_n to_o he_o he_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o go_v to_o as_o many_o of_o the_o state_n as_o he_o can_v and_o persuade_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o acquaint_v they_o that_o caesar_n himself_o will_v present_o follow_v after_o volusenus_n have_v take_v what_o view_n of_o the_o country_n he_o can_v for_o he_o dare_v not_o go_v on_o shore_n to_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o enemy_n after_o five_o day_n return_v to_o caesar_n and_o relate_v unto_o he_o all_o that_o he_o have_v discover_v whilst_o caesar_n stay_v in_o those_o part_n for_o the_o furnish_n of_o his_o fleet_n the_o morini_n send_v messenger_n unto_o he_o excuse_v themselves_o for_o their_o former_a fault_n that_o be_v a_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a people_n and_o altogether_o unacquainted_a with_o our_o custom_n they_o have_v make_v war_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o withal_o manifest_v their_o readiness_n to_o obey_v his_o command_n caesar_n not_o willing_a to_o leave_v any_o enemy_n behind_o he_o or_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o new_a war_n at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o to_o neglect_v his_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n for_o such_o small_a matter_n willing_o accept_v of_o their_o submission_n have_v first_o receive_v many_o hostage_n of_o they_o and_o have_v make_v ready_a eighty_o ship_n of_o burden_n which_o he_o think_v sufficient_a to_o transport_v two_o legion_n he_o divide_v the_o galley_n to_o the_o quaestor_n the_o legate_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v also_o eighteen_o ship_n of_o burden_n more_o which_o lie_v wind-bound_a at_o a_o port_n eight_o mile_n off_o and_o they_o he_o appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n he_o commit_v to_o q._n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o luc._n aurunculcius_fw-la cotta_n command_v they_o to_o go_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o menapii_n &_o into_o those_o part_n of_o the_o morini_n who_o have_v send_v no_o ambassador_n to_o he_o and_o appoint_v p._n sulp._n rufus_n a_o legate_n to_o keep_v the_o port_n with_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n chap._n x._o caesar_n fail_v into_o brittany_n and_o land_v his_o man_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o dispatch_v caesar_n have_v a_o good_a wind_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n he_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n command_v his_o horseman_n to_o ●mbark_v themselves_o at_o the_o further_a port_n and_o follow_v he_o which_o be_v but_o slow_o perform_v he_o himself_o arrive_v upon_o the_o coast_n about_o the_o four_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n where_o he_o find_v all_o the_o cliff_n possess_v with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n be_v such_o that_o the_o hill_n lay_v so_o steep_a over_o the_o sea_n that_o a_o weapon_n may_v easy_o be_v cast_v from_o the_o high_a ground_n upon_o the_o low_a shore_n and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o no_o fit_a landing-place_n notwithstanding_o he_o cast_v anchor_n until_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o navy_n be_v come_v up_o unto_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n call_v a_o council_n of_o the_o legate_n and_o tribune_n he_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o advertisement_n he_o have_v receive_v by_o volusenus_n and_o tell_v they_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v and_o withal_o admonish_v they_o that_o the_o course_n of_o military_a affair_n and_o especial_o sea_n matter_n that_o have_v so_o sudden_a and_o unconstant_a a_o motion_n require_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v at_o a_o beck_n and_o in_o due_a time_n the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v have_v both_o wind_n and_o tide_n with_o he_o he_o weigh_v anchour_n and_o sail_v eight_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n unto_o a_o plain_a and_o open_a shore_n the_o britain_n perceive_v the_o roman_n determination_n send_v their_o horse_n and_o chariot_n which_o they_o common_o use_v in_o war_n before_o &_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o

of_o great_a danger_n to_o the_o defendant_n than_o such_o as_o afterward_o be_v make_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n for_o after_o the_o first_o brunt_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v much_o abate_v as_o well_o through_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o hot_a desire_n which_o be_v most_o violent_a in_o the_o beginning_n and_o afterward_o grow_v cold_a and_o remiss_a as_o also_o with_o the_o harm_n and_o peril_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o encounter_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o defendant_n have_v withstand_v the_o first_o fury_n wherein_o there_o be_v most_o terror_n and_o distrust_n grow_v more_o confident_a and_o better_o assure_v of_o their_o manhood_n and_o in_o experience_n of_o their_o strength_n stand_v firm_a against_o any_o charge_n whatsoever_o chap._n xix_o the_o nervii_n besiege_v cicero_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n and_o work_n mean_v to_o set_v fire_n on_o their_o tent_n the_o nervii_n disappoint_v of_o this_o hope_n caesar_n carry_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n round_o about_o the_o camp_n the_o rampire_n be_v eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o ditch_n fifteen_o foot_n deep_a which_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o roman_n partly_o by_o be_v conversant_a among_o they_o certain_a year_n before_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o prisoner_n and_o captive_n which_o they_o have_v take_v but_o they_o have_v no_o iron_n tool_n fit_a for_o that_o purpose_n but_o be_v drive_v to_o cut_v up_o turf_n with_o their_o sword_n and_o gather_v earth_n with_o their_o hand_n and_o carry_v it_o away_o with_o their_o mantle_n and_o gaberd●nes_n whereby_o may_v be_v gather_v what_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n there_o be_v at_o the_o siege_n for_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hour_n they_o finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o day_n follow_v the_o enemy_n build_v tower_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampire_n prepare_v great_a hook_n and_o strong_a penthouse_n or_o safegard_v of_o board_n and_o timber_n according_a as_o the_o captive_n have_v give_v they_o instruction_n the_o seven_o day_n of_o the_o siege_n be_v a_o very_a windy_a day_n they_o cast_v hot_a bullet_n of_o clay_n out_o of_o sling_n &_o burn_a dart_n upon_o the_o cabin_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v thatch_v with_o straw_n these_o cabin_n be_v quick_o set_v on_o fire_n which_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o all_o the_o camp_n the_o enemy_n press_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a clamour_n as_o though_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o get_v begin_v to_o bring_v their_o turret_n and_o testudines_fw-la to_o the_o rampire_n and_o to_o scale_v it_o with_o ladder_n but_o such_o be_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n that_o albeit_o they_o be_v scorch_v on_o all_o side_n with_o fire_n and_o overcharge_v with_o multitude_n of_o weapon_n and_o see_v all_o their_o wealth_n burn_v before_o their_o face_n yet_o no_o man_n forsake_v the_o rampire_n or_o scarce_o look_v back_o at_o that_o which_o have_v happen_v but_o they_o all_o fight_v valiant_o and_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d courage_n ●his_fw-la be_v the_o sore_a day_n the_o roman_n have_v and_o yet_o it_o have_v this_o issue_n that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v and_o wound_v for_o they_o ha●_n so_o throng_v themselves_o under_o the_o rampire_n that_o the_o hindmost_a hinder_v the_o foremost_a from_o retire_v back_o the_o flame_n at_o length_n abate_v and_o the_o enemy_n have_v bring_v on_o one_o of_o their_o tower_n to_o the_o very_a work_n the_o centurion_n of_o the_o three_o cohort_n draw_v back_o themselves_o and_o their_o man_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o stand_v and_o with_o sign_n and_o voice_n call_v to_o the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v if_o they_o think_v good_a but_o none_o of_o they_o dare_v approach_v then_o do_v they_o by_o cast_v stone_n from_o all_o part_n beat_v they_o from_o the_o work_n and_o set_v their_o tower_n on_o fire_n observation_n this_o one_o example_n may_v serve_v to_o show_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o first_o founder_n of_o that_o art_n for_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n consist_v chief_o in_o the_o master_a of_o particular_a occurrence_n train_v their_o soldier_n in_o that_o form_n of_o discipline_n as_o may_v struggle_v with_o inconvenience_n and_o strong_a opposition_n of_o contradict_a accident_n and_o so_o overwage_v all_o difficulty_n and_o hindrance_n with_o a_o constant_a perseveration_n and_o a_o courage_n invincible_a for_o the_o great_a attempt_v spirit_n of_o a_o ambitious_a commander_n that_o seek_v to_o overtop_v the_o trophy_n of_o honour_n with_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o exploit_n will_v quick_o perish_v by_o his_o own_o direction_n if_o the_o instrument_n of_o execution_n be_v weak_a than_o the_o mean_n which_o lead_v he_o to_o his_o designment_n for_o where_o the_o weight_n be_v great_a than_o the_o strength_n the_o engine_n will_v soon_o break_v than_o lift_v it_o up_o let_v a_o discreet_a leader_n therefore_o so_o level_v his_o thought_n that_o his_o resolution_n may_v not_o exceed_v the_o ability_n of_o his_o particular_a mean_n but_o first_o let_v he_o be_v well_o assure_v what_o his_o soldier_n can_v do_v before_o he_o resolve_v what_o he_o will_v do_v or_o otherwise_o let_v he_o so_o enable_v they_o by_o discipline_n and_o instruction_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n that_o their_o worth_n may_v answer_v the_o height_n of_o his_o desire_n and_o follow_v his_o aspire_a mind_n with_o a_o resolution_n ground_v upon_o knowledge_n and_o valour_n and_o so_o make_v their_o ability_n the_o ground_n of_o his_o design_n he_o shall_v never_o fail_v of_o mean_n to_o perform_v what_o he_o intend_v the_o want_n of_o this_o consideration_n have_v within_o these_o late_a year_n repay_v our_o commander_n in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n with_o loss_n and_o dishonour_n when_o as_o they_o have_v measure_v the_o humour_n of_o their_o poor_a needy_a and_o undisciplined_a soldier_n by_o the_o garb_n of_o their_o ambitious_a thought_n and_o so_o lay_v such_o project_n of_o difficulty_n as_o be_v very_o unsuitable_a in_o the_o particularity_n of_o occurrence_n to_o that_o which_o their_o soldier_n be_v fit_a to_o execute_v chap._n xx._n the_o emulation_n between_o two_o centurion_n pulfio_n and_o varenus_n with_o their_o fortune_n in_o the_o encounter_n there_o be_v in_o that_o legion_n two_o valiant_a man_n caesar_n titus_n pulfio_n and_o l._n varenus_n centurion_n come_v on_o apace_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o first_o order_n these_o too_o w●re_v at_o continual_a debate_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v prefer_v one_o before_o another_o and_o every_o year_n contend_v for_o place_n of_o preferment_n with_o much_o strife_n and_o emulation_n pulfio_n at_o a_o time_n that_o the_o fortification_n be_v very_o sharp_o assault_v call_v to_o varenus_n and_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o now_o stand_v doubtful_a or_o what_o other_o place_n he_o do_v look_v for_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o his_o manhood_n this_o be_v the_o day_n say_v he_o that_o shall_v decide_v our_o controversy_n and_o when_o he_o have_v speak_v these_o word_n he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o fortification_n and_o where_o he_o see_v the_o enemy_n thick_a he_o fierce_o set_v upon_o they_o then_o can_v not_o varenus_n hold_v himself_o within_o the_o rampire_n but_o for_o his_o credit_n sake_n follow_v after_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n pulfio_n cast_v his_o pile_n at_o the_o enemy_n and_o strike_v one_o of_o the_o multitude_n through_o that_o c●me_n run_v out_o against_o he_o he_o be_v slay_v the_o enemy_n cover_v he_o with_o their_o shield_n and_o all_o cast_v their_o weapon_n at_o pulfio_n give_v he_o no_o respite_n or_o time_n of_o retreat_n pulfio_n have_v his_o target_n strike_v through_o and_o the_o dart_n stick_v fast_o in_o his_o girdle_n this_o chance_n turn_v aside_o his_o scabbard_n and_o hinder_v his_o right_a hand_n from_o pull_v out_o his_o sword_n in_o which_o disadvantage_n the_o enemy_n press_v hard_o upon_o he_o varenus_n come_v and_o rescue_v he_o immediate_o the_o whole_a multitude_n think_v pulfio_n to_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o dart_n turn_v to_o varenus_n who_o speedy_o betake_v he_o to_o his_o sword_n and_o ca●e_v to_o handy-stroke_n &_o have_v slay_v one_o he_o put_v the_o rest_n somewhat_o back_o but_o as_o he_o follow_v overhasty_o upon_o they_o he_o fall_v down_o he_o do_v pulfio_n rescue_v be_v circumvent_v and_o in_o danger_n &_o so_o both_o of_o they_o have_v slay_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n retire_v to_o their_o camp_n in_o safety_n to_o their_o great_a honour_n thus_o fortune_n carry_v as_o well_o the_o contention_n as_o the_o encounter_n of_o they_o both_o that_o be_v enemy_n they_o nevertheless_o give_v help_v to_o save_v

be_v one_o within_o the_o place_n besiege_v of_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o nervii_n call_v vertico_n of_o honest_a parentage_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n have_v flee_v to_o cicero_n and_o carry_v himself_o faithful_o in_o that_o service_n this_o man_n do_v cicero_n choose_v persuade_v he_o with_o hope_n of_o liberty_n and_o other_o great_a reward_n to_o carry_v letter_n to_o caesar_n which_o he_o take_v and_o have_v t●ed_v they_o up_o in_o his_o dart_n travel_v as_o a_o gall_n among_o the_o gall_n without_o any_o suspicion_n and_o so_o come_v to_o caesar_n of_o who_o he_o understand_v how_o dangerous_o cicero_n and_o the_o legion_n be_v beset_v caesar_n have_v receive_v those_o letter_n about_o the_o eleven_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n dispatch_v present_o a_o messenger_n to_o m._n c●assus_n the_o treasurer_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n twenty_o five_o mile_n off_o command_v the_o legion_n to_o set_v out_o at_o midnight_n and_o speedy_o to_o come_v unto_o he_o crassus_n set_v out_o and_o come_v along_o with_o the_o messenger_n he_o send_v another_o post_n to_o c●ius_n fabius_n the_o legate_n to_o bring_v that_o legion_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o atrebates_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o write_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o labienus_n that_o if_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o state_n he_o shall_v bring_v his_o legion_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o nervii_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v further_o off_o he_o think_v good_a not_o to_o expect_v he_o draw_v four_o hundred_o horse_n or_o thereabouts_o from_o the_o near_a wintering-camp_n and_o be_v advertise_v about_o the_o three_o hour_n by_o the_o forerunner_n of_o crassus_n come_v he_o march_v that_o that_o day_n twenty_o mile_n he_o make_v crassus_n governor_n of_o samarobrina_n cambray_n &_o give_v he_o one_o legion_n for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o hostage_n of_o the_o province_n the_o public_a transaction_n and_o letter_n together_o with_o all_o the_o corn_n which_o he_o have_v get_v for_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o winter_n be_v leave_v in_o that_o place_n fabius_n according_a to_o his_o direction_n without_o any_o delay_n meet_v he_o with_o his_o legion_n labienus_n understanding_n of_o the_o death_n of_o sabinus_n and_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o cohort_n &_o know_v also_o that_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o treviri_n be_v march_v towards_o he_o doubt_v that_o if_o his_o set_n forward_o out_o of_o his_o winter_n station_n shall_v seem_v as_o a_o steal_n away_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o undergo_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o a_o late_a victory_n have_v make_v insolent_a and_o therefore_o inform_v caesar_n by_o his_o letter_n what_o danger_n it_o will_v be_v to_o draw_v the_o legion_n from_o their_o wintering-camp_n relate_v what_o have_v happen_v among_o the_o eburones_n &_o how_o that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o treviri_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n lay_v but_o three_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o camp_n caesar_n allow_v of_o these_o reason_n howsoever_o his_o hope_n of_o three_o legion_n be_v fall_v unto_o two_o yet_o his_o whole_a trust_n be_v in_o celerity_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n of_o all_o their_o safety_n and_o so_o by_o great_a journey_n come_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o nervii_n where_o he_o understand_v by_o the_o captive_n how_o matter_n pass_v with_o cicero_n and_o what_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o at_o what_o time_n he_o persuade_v a_o certain_a horseman_n of_o the_o gall_n by_o great_a reward_n offer_v unto_o he_o to_o carry_v a_o letter_n unto_o cicero_n which_o he_o send_v write_v in_o greek_a character_n lest_o his_o purpose_n shall_v be_v discover_v if_o the_o letter_n have_v be_v intercept_v advise_v that_o if_o he_o can_v not_o come_v to_o his_o presence_n he_o shall_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o string_n of_o a_o dart_n and_o so_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o fortification_n he_o advertise_v they_o by_o his_o letter_n that_o he_o be_v on_o the_o way_n with_o the_o legion_n and_o will_v be_v there_o instant_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n exhort_v he_o to_o persevere_v in_o his_o wont_a gallantry_n the_o gall_n fear_v some_o danger_n followed_z the_o directions_z and_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o work_n by_o a_o dart_n which_o fall_v by_o chance_n upon_o a_o turret_n and_o there_o stick_v two_o day_n before_o it_o be_v perceive_v the_o three_o day_n a_o soldier_n find_v it_o take_v it_o down_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o cicero_n who_o read_v it_o public_o in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o put_v they_o all_o into_o exceed_v great_a joy_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o smoke_n of_o their_o fire_n begin_v a_o far_o off_o to_o be_v discover_v which_o put_v they_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o gall_n be_v advertise_v thereof_o by_o their_o discoverer_n leave_v the_o siege_n and_o make_v towards_o caesar_n with_o all_o their_o power_n which_o consist_v of_o 60000_o man_n or_o thereabouts_o cicero_n find_v himself_o at_o liberty_n seek_v out_o the_o same_o vertico_n before_o mention_v to_o carry_v letter_n to_o caesar_n advise_v he_o to_o be_v wary_a and_o diligent_a in_o his_o passage_n signify_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o the_o enemy_n have_v leave_v the_o siege_n &_o turn_v all_o his_o force_n towards_o he_o which_o letter_n be_v bring_v unto_o caesar_n about_o midnight_n he_o certify_v his_o party_n of_o the_o content_n thereof_o and_o prepare_v they_o by_o encouragement_n to_o fight_v the_o next_o day_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v light_a he_o remove_v his_o camp_n &_o have_v march_v about_o four_o mile_n he_o discover_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n beyond_o a_o great_a valley_n and_o a_o river_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o exceed_a danger_n to_o give_v battle_n to_o so_o great_a a_o number_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o know_v that_o cicero_n be_v free_v of_o the_o siege_n he_o think_v he_o may_v the_o better_o forbear_v to_o make_v such_o haste_n and_o thereupon_o sit_v down_o and_o in_o as_o indifferent_a a_o place_n as_o he_o can_v choose_v fortify_v his_o camp_n which_o be_v of_o itself_o very_o little_a as_o not_o have_v scarce_o seven_o thousand_o man_n and_o those_o without_o any_o carriage_n yet_o he_o lessen_v it_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v by_o narrow_a the_o usual_a street_n there_o of_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v the_o better_o defend_v it_o if_o happy_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v draw_v to_o engage_v himself_o serious_o in_o any_o attempt_n upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v send_v out_o discoverer_n into_o all_o part_n he_o inform_v himself_o which_o way_n he_o may_v most_o convenient_o pass_v over_o the_o valley_n the_o same_o day_n after_o small_a encounter_n of_o the_o cavalry_n at_o the_o water_n either_o party_n contain_v themselves_o within_o their_o fortification_n the_o gall_n as_o expect_v great_a force_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v and_o caesar_n that_o by_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n he_o may_v draw_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v lodge_v on_o this_o side_n the_o valley_n and_o so_o strike_v the_o battle_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o bring_v it_o so_o about_o then_o upon_o discovery_n of_o the_o way_n to_o pass_v the_o valley_n and_o the_o river_n with_o less_o danger_n as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v daylight_n the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n come_v near_o unto_o the_o camp_n and_o begin_v to_o skirmish_v with_o our_o horseman_n caesar_n of_o set_a purpose_n command_v the_o horseman_n to_o fall_v back_o and_o to_o betake_v themselves_o into_o the_o camp_n and_o withal_o to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o high_a rampire_n to_o stop_v up_o the_o gate_n and_o in_o do_v of_o these_o thing_n to_o carry_v themselves_o tumultuous_o and_o with_o a_o feign_a show_n of_o great_a fear_n with_o which_o inducement_n the_o enemy_n be_v so_o draw_v on_o that_o he_o bring_v over_o all_o his_o force_n and_o imbattel_v they_o in_o a_o unequal_a and_o disadvantageous_a place_n our_o man_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o rampire_n to_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o apparent_a they_o be_v embolden_v to_o come_v near_o and_o to_o cast_v weapon_n from_o all_o part_n into_o our_o work_n send_v herald_n round_o about_o with_o proclamation_n that_o if_o any_o gall_n or_o roman_n will_v come_v over_o unto_o they_o before_o the_o three_o hour_n he_o shall_v be_v take_v into_o their_o safe_a protection_n but_o after_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o any_o such_o reception_n and_o they_o do_v so_o contemn_v our_o party_n that_o whereas_o the_o port_n be_v shut_v

great_a fire_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o part_n and_o although_o all_o man_n take_v it_o very_o grievous_o yet_o they_o propound_v this_o comfort_n unto_o themselves_o that_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v defeat_v they_o shall_v quick_o recover_v their_o loss_n touch_v avaricum_n they_o dispute_v it_o in_o common_a council_n whether_o it_o shall_v be_v burn_v or_o defend_v the_o bituriges_n do_v prostrate_v themselves_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o the_o gall_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o set_v on_o fire_n with_o their_o own_o hand_n the_o fair_a city_n in_o all_o gallia_n be_v both_o a_o ornament_n and_o a_o strength_n to_o their_o state_n they_o will_v easy_o defend_v it_o by_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n be_v encircle_v round_o about_o with_o a_o river_n and_o a_o bog_n and_o be_v accessible_a by_o one_o narrow_a passage_n only_o at_o length_n leave_v be_v grant_v they_o to_o keep_v it_o ve●cingetorix_n at_o first_o dissuade_v they_o from_o it_o and_o afterward_o yield_v unto_o it_o move_v by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o commiseration_n of_o the_o common_a multitude_n and_o so_o a_o fit_a garrison_n be_v choose_v to_o defend_v the_o town_n observation_n i_o have_v see_v a_o impreze_n with_o a_o circle_n it_o and_o a_o hand_n with_o a_o sharp_a stile_n point_v towards_o the_o centre_n with_o this_o motto_n hic_fw-la labour_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la this_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o work_n and_o labour_n signify_v thereby_o that_o albeit_o the_o area_n thereof_o be_v plain_o and_o distinct_o bound_v and_o the_o diameter_n of_o no_o great_a length_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v the_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o heart_n and_o chief_a part_n of_o that_o figure_n in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v no_o business_n or_o other_o course_n so_o easy_a or_o plain_a but_o the_o centre_n may_v be_v mistake_v and_o the_o difficulty_n common_o rest_v in_o hit_v that_o point_n which_o give_v the_o circumference_n a_o equal_a and_o regular_a motion_n the_o gall_n be_v resolve_v to_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o to_o redeem_v their_o liberty_n with_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o life_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o mean_n and_o run_v a_o course_n far_o short_a of_o the_o centre_n for_o vercingetorix_n perceive_v the_o roman_n daily_o to_o get_v upon_o the_o gall_n first_o by_o take_v in_o one_o town_n second_o another_o and_o last_o of_o a_o three_o he_o advise_v they_o to_o set_v on_o fire_n all_o the_o country_n house_n village_n and_o town_n for_o a_o great_a circuit_n round_o about_o and_o so_o force_v the_o roman_n to_o fetch_v their_o forage_n and_o provision_n far_o off_o and_o undergo_v the_o difficulty_n of_o long_a convoy_n whereby_o the_o gall_n may_v make_v use_n of_o their_o multitude_n of_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o roman_n without_o supply_n of_o necessary_a provision_n and_o so_o they_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o give_v a_o speedy_a end_n to_o that_o war_n and_o this_o h●_n take_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o that_o business_n and_o the_o true_a use_n of_o their_o advantage_n polybius_n write_v 4._o that_o m._n regulus_n have_v divers_a time_n overthrow_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o battle_n one_o xantippus_n a_o lacedaemonian_a clear_o perceive_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o often_o rout_n begin_v open_o to_o say_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v not_o overthrow_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o by_o their_o own_o ignorance_n for_o they_o exceed_v the_o roman_n in_o horse_n and_o elephant_n have_v neglect_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o champain_n where_o their_o cavalry_n may_v show_v itself_o but_o in_o hill_n and_o woody_a place_n where_o the_o foot_n troop_n be_v of_o more_o force_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o advantage_n whereby_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o war_n be_v change_v and_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o preguant_n greek_n bring_v from_o the_o hill_n into_o the_o level_n of_o the_o plain_a the_o carthaginian_n recover_v all_o their_o former_a loss_n by_o one_o absolute_a victory_n in_o like_a manner_n hannibal_n find_v himself_o to_o exceed_v the_o roman_n in_o strength_n of_o cavalry_n do_v always_o endeavour_v to_o affront_v they_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n country_n and_o as_o often_o as_o the_o roman_n dare_v meet_v he_o fabius_n he_o put_v they_o to_o the_o worse_o but_o fabius_n perceive_v the_o disadvantage_n keep_v himself_o always_o upon_o the_o hill_n and_o in_o covert_n and_o uneven_a place_n and_o so_o make_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n equal_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n horseman_n there_o be_v no_o great_a scorn_n can_v touch_v a_o man_n of_o reputation_n and_o place_n then_o to_o be_v think_v not_o to_o understand_v his_o own_o business_n for_o as_o wisdom_n be_v the_o excellency_n of_o humane_a nature_n so_o do_v want_n of_o judgement_n deject_v man_n to_o the_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o aristotle_n call_v servant_n by_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d who_o wit_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o support_v any_o weight_n 1_o do_v recompense_v that_o want_n with_o the_o service_n of_o their_o body_n and_o be_v whole_o employ_v in_o a_o porter_n occupation_n 10._o which_o homer_n lay_v upon_o diomedes_z shoulder_n with_o as_o fine_a conveyance_n as_o he_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o invention_n for_o ulysses_n and_o he_o go_v out_o on_o a_o party_n to_o do_v some_o exploit_n upon_o the_o trojan_n they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o gallant_o that_o they_o fall_v to_o share_v king_n rhesus_n chariot_n and_o horse_n ulysses_z present_o seize_v upon_o the_o horse_n be_v of_o a_o delicate_a thracian_a breed_n and_o diomedes_n seem_v well_o content_v with_o the_o chariot_n but_o be_v to_o carry_v it_o away_o pallas_n advise_v he_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o lest_o he_o may_v prove_v his_o strength_n to_o be_v great_a than_o his_o wit_n and_o yet_o not_o find_v so_o much_o neither_o as_o will_v carry_v it_o away_o but_o for_o these_o direction_n which_o vercingetorix_n give_v unto_o the_o gall_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o history_n wherein_o he_o shall_v find_v how_o they_o prevail_v chap._n viii_o caesar_n besiege_v avaricum_n and_o be_v distress_v for_o want_n of_o corn_n vercingetorix_n follow_v caesar_n by_o small_a and_o easy_a journey_n caesar_n and_o choose_v a_o place_n to_o incamp_v in_o fortify_v about_o with_o bog_n and_o wood_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o avaricum_n where_o he_o understand_v what_o be_v do_v at_o avaricum_n every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o command_v likewise_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v he_o observe_v all_o our_o forage_n and_o harve_v and_o do_v set_v upon_o such_o as_o go_v far_o off_o upon_o any_o such_o occasion_n and_o encumber_v they_o with_o great_a inconvenience_n albeit_o they_o take_v what_o course_n they_o can_v to_o meet_v with_o it_o as_o to_o go_v out_o at_o uncertain_a time_n and_o by_o unknown_a and_o unusual_a way_n caesar_n encamp_v himself_o before_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v not_o shut_v in_o with_o the_o river_n nor_o the_o bog_n and_o afford_v but_o a_o narrow_a and_o straight_a passage_n begin_v to_o make_v a_o mount_n to_o drive_v vine_n and_o to_o raise_v two_o tower_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o enclose_v it_o round_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n and_o never_o rest_v to_o admonish_v the_o hedui_n and_o the_o boii_n to_o bring_v in_o supply_n of_o corn_n of_o who_o the_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a care_n and_o pain_n they_o take_v do_v little_o help_v he_o the_o other_o of_o no_o great_a ability_n be_v a_o small_a and_o a_o weak_a state_n do_v quick_o consume_v all_o that_o they_o have_v the_o army_n be_v distress_v for_o want_v of_o corn_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o boii_n and_o the_o indiligence_n of_o the_o hedui_n together_o with_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o country_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o want_v corn_n for_o many_o day_n together_o and_o sustain_v their_o life_n with_o beast_n and_o cattle_n which_o they_o have_v fetch_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o yet_o no_o one_o voice_n at_o all_o be_v hear_v to_o come_v from_o they_o unworthy_a the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o whenas_o caesar_n do_v speak_v unto_o the_o legion_n several_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o work_n that_o if_o their_o want_n be_v heavy_a and_o bitter_a unto_o they_o he_o will_v leave_v off_o the_o siege_n all_o of_o they_o with_o one_o voice_n desire_v he_o not_o to_o do_v so_o for_o since_o they_o have_v so_o serve_v many_o year_n under_o his_o command_n as_o they_o never_o have_v receive_v any_o dishonour_n neither_o have_v

they_o certain_a city_n to_o ri●●e_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o make_v bitter_a and_o heavy_a exaction_n of_o money_n throughout_o all_o the_o province_n for_o he_o put_v a_o tribute_n upon_o slave_n and_o freeman_n by_o pole_n set_v imposition_n upon_o the_o pillar_n and_o door_n of_o house_n osti●●●_n as_o also_o upon_o grain_n oar-man_n arm_n engine_n and_o carriage_n and_o whatsoever_o have_v a_o name_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o yield_v money_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o city_n and_o town_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o village_n and_o castle_n wherein_o he_o that_o carry_v himself_o most_o cruel_o be_v hold_v both_o the_o worthy_a man_n and_o the_o best_a citizen_n the_o province_n be_v at_o that_o time_n full_a of_o officer_n and_o commandment_n pester_v with_o overseer_n and_o exactor_n who_o beside_o the_o money_n levy_v by_o public_a authority_n make_v their_o particular_a profit_n by_o the_o like_a exaction_n for_o they_o give_v out_o they_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o their_o house_n and_o their_o country_n and_o in_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v with_o such_o pretence_n cover_v their_o wicked_a and_o hateful_a course_n to_o this_o be_v add_v the_o hard_a and_o heavy_a usury_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v accompany_v war_n when_o all_o money_n be_v draw_v and_o exact_v to_o the_o public_a wherein_o the_o forbearance_n of_o a_o day_n be_v account_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o whole_a whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o those_o two_o year_n the_o whole_a province_n be_v overgrow_v with_o debt_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o stick_v not_o to_o levy_v round_a sum_n of_o money_n not_o only_o from_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n inhabit_v in_o that_o province_n but_o also_o upon_o every_o corporation_n and_o particular_a city_n which_o they_o give_v out_o be_v by_o way_n of_o loan_n according_a to_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n command_v the_o receiver_n to_o advance_v the_o like_a ●um_n by_o way_n of_o loan_n for_o the_o year_n to_o come_v moreover_o scipio_n gau●_v order_n that_o the_o money_n which_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v treasure_v up_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n at_o ephesus_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o with_o other_o image_n of_o that_o goddess_n but_o as_o he_o come_v into_o the_o temple_n have_v call_v unto_o he_o many_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v there_o present_a he_o receive_v a_o dispatch_n from_o pompey_n that_o caesar_n have_v pass_v the_o sea_n with_o his_o legion_n and_o that_o set_v all_o thing_n apart_o he_o shall_v hasten_v to_o he_o with_o his_o army_n these_o letter_n be_v receive_v he_o dismiss_v such_o as_o he_o have_v call_v unto_o he_o and_o begin_v to_o dispose_v of_o his_o journey_n into_o macedonia_n set_v forward_o within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o by_o which_o accident_n the_o treasure_n at_o ephesus_n be_v save_v observation_n it_o be_v seneca_n his_o conceit_n 93._o that_o iron_n be_v of_o that_o excellent_a use_n in_o thing_n pertain_v to_o man_n life_n and_o yet_o so_o much_o undervalue_v to_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o peace_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v question_n of_o money_n but_o raise_v continual_a garboil_n and_o extremity_n mancipia_fw-la as_o a_o revenge_n that_o the_o world_n do_v misvalue●t_v and_o fall_v out_o as_o true_a in_o those_o better_a age_n as_o it_o do_v in_o these_o day_n that_o be_v of_o base_a metal_n for_o what_o great_a violence_n in_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n than_o those_o concern_v tribute_n and_o imposition_n a_o particular_a whereof_o may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n epictetus_n for_o first_o we_o find_v a_o tribute_n by_o pole_n without_o respect_n of_o state_n or_o condition_n which_o they_o call_v capitatio_fw-la capitatio_fw-la and_o then_o a_o second_o as_o grievous_a as_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n lay_v upon_o every_o door_n in_o a_o house_n which_o they_o call_v ostiaria_n ostiaria_n whereof_o tully_n make_v mention_v in_o the_o eight_o epistle_n of_o his_o three_o book_n and_o last_o a_o other_o upon_o every_o pillar_n in_o a_o man_n house_n which_o they_o call_v columnaria_n 1._o mention_v likewise_o by_o cicero_n columnarium_fw-la vide_fw-la ut_fw-la nullum_fw-la debeamus_fw-la see_v that_o we_o own_v no_o tax-mony_n for_o our_o pillar_n alciatus_fw-la understand_v this_o to_o be_v that_o we_o read_v in_o dionysius_n halicarnasseus_n that_o when_o treasure_n fail_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o modena_n they_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o tile_n that_o be_v find_v on_o the_o senator_n house_n in_o rome_n which_o give_v the_o trium-virate_a occasion_n to_o make_v the_o tile_n as_o heavy_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v call_v columnaria_fw-la some_o pope_n out_o of_o their_o occasion_n have_v go_v far_o in_o this_o kind_n and_o find_v mean_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o all_o thing_n pertain_v to_o the_o use_n of_o man_n quin●us_n insomuch_o as_o pasquil_n beg_v leave_v to_o dry_v his_o shirt_n in_o the_o sun_n before_o there_o be_v a_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o the_o light_n the_o rule_n be_v diverse_o give_v in_o this_o behalf_n tabescunt_fw-la that_o the_o fisk_n do_v not_o swell_v above_o his_o proportion_n alexander_n be_v commend_v for_o make_v his_o subject_n the_o keeper_n of_o his_o treasure_n and_o claudianus_n give_v honorius_n this_o elogium_fw-la victor_n nec_fw-la tua_fw-la privatis_fw-la crescunt_fw-la aeraria_fw-la damnis_fw-la thy_o chest_n fill_v not_o by_o loss_n of_o private_a man_n basilius_n advise_v that_o money_n thus_o raise_v parae●et_o be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n dip_v either_o in_o the_o tear_n or_o in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o people_n but_o tully_n draw_v it_o to_o a_o more_o certainty_n by_o make_v necessity_n the_o square_a of_o such_o command_n offic._n dam_fw-la operam_fw-la say_v he_o ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la intelligant_fw-la si_fw-la salui_fw-la essent_fw-la velint_fw-la necessitatie_fw-mi esse_fw-la parendum_fw-la do_v your_o endeavour_n to_o let_v all_o see_v that_o they_o must_v obey_v necessity_n if_o they_o mean_v to_o be_v safe_a and_o so_o the_o open_n of_o private_a man_n purse_n be_v but_o to_o keep_v they_o shut_v and_o safe_a from_o such_o enemy_n as_o will_v consume_v all_o according_a as_o scipio_n once_o answer_v plutarch_n when_o the_o roman_n blame_v he_o for_o spend_v their_o treasure_n howsoever_o scipio_n know_v well_o what_o he_o do_v in_o get_v into_o his_o hand_n such_o store_n of_o treasure_n for_o war_n can_v any_o way_n be_v maintain_v 6._o but_o with_o plenty_n of_o money_n neither_o can_v any_o state_n continue_v if_o the_o revenue_n which_o support_v the_o common-weal_n be_v abate_v as_o tacitus_n have_v well_o observe_v dissolvitur_fw-la imperium_fw-la si_fw-la fructus_fw-la quibus_fw-la respub_fw-la 13._o sustinetur_fw-la diminuantur_fw-la chap._n xii_o caesar_n send_v force_n into_o thessalia_n aetolia_n and_o macedonia_n scipio_n come_v into_o greece_n caesar_n be_v join_v with_o antonius_n caesar_n draw_v that_o legion_n out_o of_o oricum_n which_o he_o have_v former_o lodge_v there_o to_o keep_v the_o sea-coast_n and_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o province_n and_o to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n and_o whereas_o ambassador_n come_v unto_o he_o out_o of_o thessalia_n and_o aetolia_n assure_v he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v send_v force_n to_o protect_v they_o the_o city_n of_o those_o province_n will_v ready_o obey_v what_o he_o command_v he_o send_v l._n cassius_n longinus_n with_o the_o legion_n of_o young_a soldier_n call_v the_o seven_o and_o twenty_o and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n into_o thessalia_n and_o c._n calvisius_n sabinus_n with_o five_o cohort_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n into_o aetolia_n exhort_v they_o special_o to_o take_v a_o course_n for_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o two_o province_n which_o lie_v near_o at_o hand_n he_o send_v likewise_o cn._n domitius_n calvinus_n with_o two_o legion_n the_o eleven_o and_o the_o twelve_o and_o five_o hundred_o horse_n into_o macedonia_n of_o which_o province_n for_o that_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v call_v frank_n or_o free_a menedemus_n appellabatur_fw-la a_o principal_a man_n of_o that_o country_n be_v send_v as_o a_o ambassador_n have_v profess_v exceed_o great_a forwardness_n on_o their_o behalf_n of_o these_o calvisius_n upon_o his_o come_n be_v entertain_v with_o great_a affection_n of_o the_o aetolian_n and_o have_v cast_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o enemy_n out_o of_o caledon_n and_o lep●nto_fw-la naupactum_fw-la become_v master_n of_o all_o aetolia_n cassius_n arrive_v with_o the_o legion_n in_o thessalia_n and_o find_v there_o two_o faction_n be_v according_o receive_v with_o contrary_a affection_n egesaretus_n a_o man_n of_o ancient_a power_n and_o authority_n favour_v pompey_n party_n and_o petreius_n a_o man_n of_o a_o most_o noble_a house_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o deserve_v well_o of_o caesar_n at_o