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differ_v in_o every_o altitude_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o of_o the_o perallell_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v more_o plain_o manifest_v and_o now_o know_v that_o in_o sail_a north_n and_o south_n you_o depart_v not_o from_o your_o meridian_n and_o in_o every_o 20._o league_n sail_v you_o raise_v a_o degree_n nor_o be_v by_o east_n raise_v a_o degree_n in_o sail_v 20._o league_n and_o one_o mile_n and_o lead_v from_o the_o meridian_n 4._o league_n nor_o noreast_n raise_v a_o degree_n in_o say_v 21._o league_n
edge_n or_o end_n thereof_o do_v likewise_o touch_v the_o horizon_n at_o that_o place_n where_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o sky_n and_o sea_n be_v join_v have_v especial_a regard_n in_o this_o your_o observation_n that_o you_o hold_v the_o transuersary_n as_o direct_o upright_o as_o possible_o you_o may_v and_o you_o must_v begin_v this_o observation_n somewhat_o before_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n be_v at_o south_n and_o continue_v the_o same_o so_o long_o as_o you_o perceive_v that_o they_o rise_v for_o when_o they_o be_v at_o the_o high_a than_o be_v they_o upon_o the_o meridian_n and_o then_o you_o have_v the_o meridional_a altitude_n which_o you_o seek_v at_o which_o time_n they_o will_v be_v due_a south_n from_o you_o if_o your_o compass_n be_v good_a and_o without_o variation_n and_o then_o do_v the_o transuersary_n they_o upon_o the_o staff_n the_o degree_n and_o minute_n that_o the_o say_a body_n in_o from_o your_o zenith_n if_o the_o degree_n of_o your_o instrument_n be_v number_v from_o the_o zenith_n towards_o the_o horizon_n or_o else_o it_o show_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o say_a body_n &_o the_o horizon_n if_o the_o degree_n of_o your_o instrument_n be_v number_v from_o the_o horizon_n conclude_v 90._o in_o the_o zenith_n as_o common_o across_o staff_n be_v mark_v which_o be_v not_o the_o easy_a way_n but_o if_o your_o staff_n be_v account_v from_o the_o horizen_n then_o subtract_v the_o degree_n of_o your_o observation_n from_o 90._o and_o the_o remainder_n show_v the_o distance_n between_o your_o zenith_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o stare_v which_o be_v the_o number_n you_o must_v know_v unto_o that_o number_n so_o know_v by_o your_o instrument_n add_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o body_n by_o which_o you_o do_v observe_v whether_o it_o he_o the_o sun_n or_o any_o star_n and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o those_o 2._o number_n together_o be_v the_o pole_n height_n or_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o you_o be_v as_o 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equinoctial_a therefore_o of_o necessity_n the_o antarctic_a pole_n must_v be_v above_o my_o horizon_n 89_o 60_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o zenith_n and_o the_o horizon_n 72_o 20_o the_o sun_n altitude_n 17_o 40_o the_o sun_n do_v from_z the_o zen._n 3_o 00_o sun_n declination_n 20_o 40_o poles_n height_n when_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v between_o your_o zenith_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n the_o latitude_n be_v thus_o find_v in_o all_o place_n by_o your_o instrument_n as_o before_o be_v teach_v you_o must_v seek_v the_o meridional_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n from_o your_o zenith_n which_o be_v know_v subtract_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n from_o the_o say_a distance_n and_o the_o remain_a number_n be_v the_o pole_n height_n or_o latitude_n which_o you_o seek_v example_n the_o 20._o of_o october_n 1593._o i_o fitnde_v by_o my_o instrument_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v 60_o deg_fw-la 45._o min._n from_o the_o zenith_n at_o noon_n be_v then_o upon_o the_o meridian_n the_o equator_fw-la be_v then_o between_o my_o zenith_n and_o the_o sun_n i_o also_o find_v by_o my_o regiment_n that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o sun_n have_v 13._o deg_fw-la 47._o min._n of_o south_n declination_n because_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v between_o i_o and_o the_o sun_n therefore_o i_o subtract_v the_o sun_n declination_n from_o the_o observe_v distance_n and_o there_o rest_v 46_o deg_fw-la 58._o min._n latitude_n desire_v and_o because_o the_o sun_n have_v south_n declination_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v between_o i_o and_o the_o sun_n therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o pole_n arctic_a be_v 46._o deg_fw-la 58._o min._n above_o my_o horizon_n or_o that_o my_o zenith_n be_v so_o much_o towards_o the_o north_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la g_o m_o 59_o 15_o the_o sun_n distance_n 13_o 47_o the_o declination_n 46_o 58_o the_o latitude_n when_o your_o zenith_n be_v between_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o latitude_n be_v thus_o find_v by_o your_o instrument_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n be_v show_v you_o must_v observe_v the_o meridional_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n from_o your_o zenith_n you_o must_v also_o by_o your_o regiment_n or_o other_o table_n search_v to_o know_v the_o declination_n of_o that_o body_n which_o you_o observe_v then_o subtract_v the_o observe_v distance_n from_o pour_fw-fr zenith_n out_o of_o the_o declination_n and_o the_o remain_a number_n be_v the_o latitude_n desire_v example_n the_o sun_n have_v 20._o deg_fw-la of_o north_n declination_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o meridian_n be_v 5._o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n from_o my_o zenith_n i_o therefore_o subtract_v 5._o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n from_o 20._o deg_fw-la and_o there_o rest_v 14._o deg_fw-la 51._o min_fw-mi the_o latitude_n desire_v and_o because_o the_o sun_n have_v north_n declination_n my_o zenith_n be_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v 14._o deg_fw-la 51._o min._n above_o my_o horizon_n g_o m_o 19_o 60_o the_o sun_n distance_n from_o my_o zenith_n 5_o 09_o the_o declination_n 14_o 51_o the_o pole_n height_n how_o shall_v i_o know_v the_o true_a order_n of_o place_v the_o cross_a sffe_n to_o my_o eye_n to_o anoide_v error_n in_o my_o observation_n to_o find_v the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o staff_n at_o your_o eye_n thereby_o to_o amend_v the_o parallar_n or_o false_a shadow_n of_o your_o sight_n do_v thus_o take_v a_o staff_n have_v two_o cross_n a_o long_a cross_n which_o end_v in_o 30._o degree_n and_o a_o short_a cross_n which_o begin_v at_o 30._o deg_fw-la where_o the_o long_a cross_n end_v put_v the_o long_a cross_n upon_o his_o 30._o deg_fw-la and_o there_o make_v he_o fast_o than_o put_v the_o short_a cross_n like_o wise_a upon_o his_o 30._o de_fw-la there_o fasten_v he_o without_o move_v then_o set_v the_o end_n of_o your_o stasse_fw-la to_o your_o eye_n move_v it_o from_o place_n to_o place_n about_o your_o eye_n until_o at_o one_o instant_a you_o may_v see_v the_o end_n of_o both_o cross_n which_o when_o you_o find_v remember_v that_o place_n and_o the_o stand_n of_o your_o body_n for_o so_o must_v your_o staff_n be_v place_v and_o your_o body_n order_v in_o all_o your_o observation_n be_v these_o all_o the_o rule_n that_o appertain_v to_o the_o find_n of_o the_o pole_n height_n those_o that_o travel_v far_o towards_o the_o north_n under_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n set_v not_o shall_v some_o time_n have_v occasion_n to_o seek_v the_o latitude_n by_o the_o sun_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v north_n from_o they_o the_o pole_n be_v then_o between_o the_o sun_n and_o their_o zenith_n when_o such_o observation_n be_v make_v you_o must_v by_o your_o instrument_n seek_v the_o sun_n height_n from_o the_o horizon_n subtract_v that_o height_n from_o his_o declination_n and_o the_o remain_a number_n show_v how_o far_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v under_o the_o horizon_n upon_o the_o point_n north_n for_o so_o much_o be_v the_o oposite_a part_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la above_o the_o horizon_n upon_o the_o point_n south_n subtract_v that_o meridional_a altitude_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o 90._o and_o the_o remain_a number_n be_v the_o pole_n height_n desire_v example_n the_o sun_n have_v 22._o degree_n of_o north_n declination_n his_o altitude_n from_o the_o horizon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v 3._o degree_n 15._o minute_n therefore_o substract_v 3._o deg_fw-la 15._o min._n from_o 22._o degree_n there_o rest_v 18._o deg_fw-la 45._o min._n which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v take_v from_o 90._o there_o rest_v 71._o deg_fw-la 15._o min_fw-mi the_o pole_n elevation_n desire_v g_o m_o 22_o 60_o the_o sun_n declination_n 31_o 15_o the_o sun_n altitude_n 18_o 45_o the_o
altitude_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a gm_n 89_o 60_o the_o do_v between_o zen._n &_o dori_n 18_o 45_o altitude_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la 71_o 15_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o declination_n find_v in_o your_o regiment_n be_v not_o the_o declination_n which_o in_o this_o case_n you_o must_v use_v for_o the_o regiment_n show_v the_o sun_n declination_n upon_o the_o meridian_n or_o south_n point_n in_o the_o place_n for_o who_o meridian_n the_o same_o be_v calculate_v and_o not_o otherwise_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o sun_n declination_n at_o all_o time_n and_o upon_o every_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n for_o i_o have_v be_v constrain_v in_o my_o northwest_o voyage_n be_v within_o the_o freeze_a zone_n to_o search_v the_o latitude_n by_o the_o sun_n at_o such_o time_n as_o i_o can_v see_v the_o sun_n upon_o what_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n soever_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a fog_n and_o mist_n that_o those_o northern_a part_n be_v subject_a unto_o and_o there_o be_v consideration_n also_o to_o be_v have_v upon_o every_o difference_n of_o longitude_n for_o the_o sun_n declination_n as_o i_o have_v by_o my_o experience_n find_v at_o my_o be_v in_o the_o strait_n of_o magilane_n where_o i_o have_v find_v the_o sun_n declination_n to_o differ_v from_o my_o regiment_n calculate_v for_o london_n by_o so_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n decline_v in_o 5._o hour_n for_o so_o much_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o cape_n froward_a be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o say_a strait_n how_o may_v this_o declination_n be_v find_v for_o all_o time_n and_o upon_o all_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n first_o consider_v whether_o the_o sun_n be_v come_v towards_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o go_v from_o he_o that_o be_v know_v consider_v the_o time_n wherein_o you_o seek_v the_o declination_n then_o look_v for_o the_o sun_n declination_n in_o your_o regiment_n for_o that_o day_n and_o also_o look_v his_o declination_n for_o the_o next_o day_n subtract_v the_o lesser_a out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o whole_a declination_n which_o the_o sun_n decline_v in_o 24._o hour_n or_o in_o his_o move_n throughu_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n for_o which_o number_n you_o may_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n find_v his_o declination_n upon_o every_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n as_o for_o every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n as_o by_o these_o example_n may_v appear_v example_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o the_o 20._o of_o march_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o sun_n declination_n when_o he_o be_v upon_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n i_o seek_v the_o sun_n declination_n for_o that_o day_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 3._o deg_fw-la 41._o min._n the_o sun_n then_o go_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la i_o also_o search_v his_o declination_n for_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 21._o of_o march_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 4_o de_fw-fr 3._o min_fw-fr i_o then_o subtract_v 3._o deg_fw-la 41._o min._n from_o 4._o de_fw-la 3._o min._n and_o there_o rest_v 22_o min._n so_o much_o the_o sun_n do_v decline_v 24._o hour_n or_o in_o go_v through_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n then_o i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n if_o 24._o hour_n give_v 22._o min_fw-mi of_o declination_n what_o will_v 12._o hour_n give_v etc._n etc._n i_o multiply_v and_o divide_v and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 11._o min._n the_o sun_n declination_n in_o 12._o hour_n motion_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o 20._o day_n be_v the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o for_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n i_o may_v say_v if_o 32._o point_n give_v 22._o min._n of_o declination_n what_o will_v 16._o point_n give_v which_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o south_n and_o north_n i_o multiply_v and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n require_v and_o find_v that_o 16._o point_n give_v 11._o min._n the_o sun_n declination_n in_o move_v through_o 16_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n which_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o declinanation_n of_o the_o 20._o day_n because_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o i_o conclude_v the_o declination_n to_o be_v 3._o deg_fw-la 52._o min._n the_o sun_n be_v north_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n ho._n m._n ho._n 24_o 22_o 12_o 11_o 12_o 44_o 22_o 264_o ho._n m._n po_fw-la m._n 32_o 22_o 16_o 11_o 16_o 132_o 22_o 352_o be_v west_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n 19_o degree_n of_o longitude_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o sun_n declination_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v upon_o the_o meridian_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1593._o i_o must_v here_o consider_v that_o 90._o deg_fw-la of_o longtitude_n make_v 6._o hour_n of_o time_n for_o every_o hour_n contain_v 15_o deg_fw-la whereby_o i_o know_v that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v south_n at_o london_n he_o be_v but_o east_n from_o i_o for_o when_o it_o be_v 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o london_n it_o be_v but_o 6._o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n with_o i_o and_o when_o it_o be_v 12._o of_o the_o clock_n with_o i_o it_o be_v then_o 6._o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o after_o noon_n at_o london_n therefore_o i_o must_v seek_v for_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o 6._o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o that_o be_v the_o meridional_a declination_n which_o i_o must_v use_v be_v 90._o deg_fw-la west_n from_o london_n which_o to_o do_v the_o last_o example_n do_v sufficient_o teach_v you_o whereby_o you_o may_v easy_o gather_v the_o perfect_a notice_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v requisite_a in_o any_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o observation_n if_o you_o read_v with_o the_o eye_n of_o reason_n and_o labour_n to_o understand_v with_o judgement_n that_o which_o you_o read_v there_o be_v another_o way_n most_o excellent_a for_o the_o find_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n at_o all_o time_n that_o be_v to_o search_v by_o the_o ephemerides_n the_o sun_n true_a place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o any_o time_n propose_v whatsoever_o and_o then_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sinus_n the_o declination_n be_v thus_o know_v multiply_v the_o sinus_n of_o the_o sun_n longtitude_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n of_o aries_n or_o libra_n to_o which_o soever_o he_o be_v near_a by_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o the_o whole_a sinus_n and_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o quotient_n be_v the_o declination_n dlsircl_n but_o because_o seaman_n be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o such_o calculation_n i_o therefore_o omit_v to_o speak_v further_o thereof_o since_o this_o plain_a way_n before_o teach_v be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o purpose_n a_o necessary_a instrument_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o find_n of_o the_o pole_n elevation_n the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n by_o this_o instrument_n you_o may_v sufficient_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v before_o speak_v for_o the_o find_n of_o the_o pole_n elevation_n or_o the_o latitude_n of_o your_o be_v into_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o because_o the_o young_a practiser_n may_v the_o better_o enter_v i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o by_o a_o few_o example_n to_o express_v the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o 1._o q._n the_o sun_n have_v 7._o degree_n of_o north_n declination_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a being_n 45._o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n i_o demand_v what_o will_v be_v the_o sun_n meridional_a distance_n from_o my_o zenith_n 1._o a._n first_o i_o turn_v the_o horizon_n until_o i_o bring_v the_o north_n pole_n to_o be_v 45._o degree_n above_o the_o same_o there_o hold_v the_o horizon_n not_o to_o be_v move_v i_o then_o bring_v the_o thnd_n that_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o instrument_n 7._o degree_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n because_o the_o sun_n have_v so_o much_o north_n declination_n and_o the_o three_o do_v show_v i_o upon_o the_o vertical_a circle_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v 38._o degree_n from_o my_o zenith_n 2._o q._n the_o pole_n arctic_a being_n 50_o deg_fw-la above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o sun_n distance_n 30._o deg_fw-la from_o the_o zenith_n i_o demand_v what_o be_v the_o sun_n declination_n 2._o a._n as_o in_o the_o first_o question_n i_o place_v the_o north_n pole_n 50._o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n there_o hold_v the_o horizon_n not_o to_o be_v move_v than_o i_o bring_v the_o three_o to_o the_o 30._o degree_n upon_o the_o vertical_a circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v 30._o degree_n from_o my_o zenith_n and_o then_o the_o three_o she_o w_v upon_o the_o meridian_n between_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o
chart_n for_o short_a course_n be_v to_o very_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o pilot_n use_v and_o in_o long_a course_n be_v the_o distance_n never_o so_o far_o if_o the_o pilot_n return_v by_o the_o same_o course_n whereby_o in_o the_o first_o he_o prosecute_v his_o voyage_n his_o chart_n will_v be_v without_o error_n as_o a_o instrument_n of_o very_o great_a commodity_n but_o if_o he_o return_v by_o any_o other_o way_n then_o by_o that_o which_o he_o go_v forth_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o chart_n will_v then_o appear_v to_o be_v very_o great_a especial_o if_o the_o voyage_n be_v long_o or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o far_a towards_o the_o north_n the_o more_o imperfect_a therefore_o there_o be_v no_o instrument_n answerable_a to_o the_o globe_n or_o peradoxall_a chart_n for_o all_o course_n and_o climate_n whatsoever_o by_o who_o all_o desire_a truth_n be_v most_o plentiful_o manifest_v as_o shall_v hereafter_o at_o large_a be_v declare_v but_o for_o the_o cost_v of_o any_o shore_n or_o country_n or_o for_o short_a voyage_n there_o be_v no_o instrument_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o seaman_n use_n than_o the_o well_o describe_v sea_n chart._n what_o be_v the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n chartley_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o sea_n chart_n the_o skilful_a pilot_n convai_v his_o ship_n from_o place_n to_o place_n by_o such_o course_n as_o by_o the_o chart_n be_v make_v know_v unto_o he_o together_o with_o the_o help_n of_o his_o compass_n or_o cross_a staff_n as_o before_o be_v show_v for_o the_o cross_a staff_n the_o compass_n and_o chart_n be_v so_o necessary_o join_v together_o as_o that_o the_o one_o may_v not_o well_o be_v without_o the_o other_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o navigation_n for_o as_o the_o chart_n show_v the_o course_n so_o do_v the_o compass_n direct_v the_o same_o and_o the_o cross_a staff_n by_o every_o perticutar_n observe_v latitude_n do_v confirm_v the_o 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