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word_n case_n govern_v verb_n 2,785 5 13.0027 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A48292 Plain, and short rules for pointing periods, and reading sentences grammatically, with the great use of them by M. Lewis ... Lewis, M. (Mark), fl. 1678. 1675 (1675) Wing L1845; ESTC R12011 10,512 8

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man_n desirous_a of_o honour_n desire_v honour_n which_o do_v desire_v honour_n if_o he_o do_v desire_v honour_n do_v labour_n these_o clause_n may_v be_v place_v after_o the_o verb._n as_o a_o man_n do_v labour_n if_o he_o do_v desire_v honour_n r._n 5._o every_o adjective_n may_v have_v a_o substantive_n after_o it_o with_o which_o it_o do_v agree_v except_o participle_n and_o adjective_n govern_v case_n have_v their_o substantive_n before_o they_o as_o god_n create_v man_n etc._n etc._n a_o man_n desirous_a of_o honour_n r._n 6._o every_o verb_n may_v have_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o mood_n or_o tense_n except_o the_o verb_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o mood_n or_o tense_n or_o do_v follow_v a_o verb_n that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o mood_n or_o tense_n as_o god_n alone_o can_v create_v r._n 7._o every_o substantive_n may_v have_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o case_n by_o which_o it_o be_v govern_v except_o 1._o pronoun_n substantive_n in_o the_o accusative_a case_n as_o me_n we_o thou_o you_fw-mi 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or_o part_n from_o one_o another_o by_o a_o sub-colon_n the_o rule_n of_o a_o sub-colon_n a_o sub-colon_n be_v use_v to_o distinguish_v membra_fw-la dividentra_fw-la in_o a_o large_a sense_n which_o be_v opposite_n or_o at_o least_o disparate_v at_o angel_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a this_o totum_fw-la be_v often_o suppress_v and_o many_o time_n defer_v to_o the_o close_a of_o the_o period_n rule_n for_o a_o comma_n a_o comma_n be_v use_v to_o distinguish_v sentence_n that_o have_v a_o near_a relation_n one_o to_o another_o and_o a_o great_a dependencie_n one_o upon_o another_o then_o membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la have_v such_o be_v 1._o membra_fw-la subdividentia_fw-la sentence_n unite_v by_o any_o conjunction_n that_o do_v not_o come_v under_o any_o of_o the_o three_o former_a rule_n the_o vocative_n case_n and_o interjection_n 2._o exegetical_a expression_n substantive_n by_o apposition_n the_o infinitive_n mood_n transpose_v or_o intercept_n clause_n and_o such_o like_a these_o if_o we_o will_v be_v accurate_a aught_o to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o a_o lesser_a note_n than_o a_o comma_n if_o we_o have_v any_o such_o because_o these_o have_v a_o near_a relation_n one_o to_o another_o than_o those_o under_o the_o former_a head_n this_o whole_a discourse_n may_v be_v a_o example_n enumeration_n be_v many_o time_n so_o oratorical_o digest_v by_o pair_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la but_o be_v not_o as_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o neither_o life_n nor_o death_n nor_o princepality_n nor_o power_n nor_o thing_n present_a nor_o thing_n to_o come_v etc._n etc._n if_o the_o case_n be_v so_o nice_a that_o you_o can_v determine_v whether_o there_o be_v only_o a_o enumeration_n or_o the_o clause_n be_v membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la use_v such_o a_o distinction_n as_o will_v make_v the_o sense_n most_o plain_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o point_n above_o and_z below_z these_o be_v all_o the_o ordinary_a point_n grammarian_n have_v assign_v but_o be_v too_o few_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o rule_n for_o a_o comma_n and_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v by_o this_o example_n follow_v where_o there_o be_v the_o totum_fw-la distinguish_v from_o its_o member_n by_o a_o colon_n the_o principal_a membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la by_o a_o sub-colon_n the_o membra_fw-la subdividentia_fw-la by_o a_o comma_n last_o you_o have_v exegetical_a expression_n distinguish_v by_o sub-comma's_a if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o point_n i_o presume_v to_o add_v it_o and_o assign_v it_o this_o character_n ●_o as_o god_n create_v the_o world_n first_o the_o heaven_n where_o there_o be_v the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o light_n the_o moon_n borrow_v her_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o star_n vary_v their_o magnitude_n the_o earth_n contain_v the_o sea_n the_o confluence_n of_o water_n the_o dry_a land_n support_v live_a creature_n here_o you_o see_v we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o use_v a_o sub-comma_n or_o to_o use_v a_o comma_n promisevous_o therefore_o in_o all_o case_n that_o you_o may_v be_v distinct_a begin_v with_o as_o great_a a_o point_n as_o the_o compass_n of_o your_o period_n will_v bear_v in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v tolerable_a to_o set_v the_o point_n a_o note_n or_o two_o too_o high_a though_o beside_o the_o rule_n because_o the_o sub-division_n be_v numerous_a be_v more_o subject_a to_o confusion_n and_o the_o end_n of_o point_n be_v to_o make_v the_o period_n distinct_a in_o its_o part_n and_o intelligible_a in_o its_o sense_n as_o god_n create_v this_o great_a and_o wide_a abyss_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o and_o first_o the_o heaven_n where_o we_o have_v the_o high_a or_o three_o heaven_n the_o bless_a abode_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n then_o the_o heaven_n or_o firmament_n in_o which_o we_o behold_v the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n the_o moon_n the_o governess_n of_o moist_a thing_n borrow_v her_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o star_n and_o planet_n differ_v in_o magnitude_n light_n and_o influence_n from_o each_o other_o then_o second_o this_o terraqueous_a orb_n we_o call_v the_o earth_n where_o be_v the_o sea_n the_o confluence_n of_o water_n and_o habitation_n of_o fish_n and_o dry_a land_n the_o house_n and_o nurse_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n last_o there_o be_v the_o airy_a region_n in_o which_o the_o bird_n do_v play_v and_o sport_n themselves_o and_o without_o which_o no_o breathe_a animal_n can_v live_v in_o this_o discourse_n you_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o period_n he_o first_o be_v periodus_fw-la pendens_fw-la set_v above_o the_o line_n the_o two_o next_o be_v periodi_fw-la media_fw-la set_v in_o the_o line_n the_o last_o be_v periodus_fw-la supina_fw-la set_v below_o the_o line_n you_o have_v also_o comma_n and_o sub-comma's_a and_o all_o little_a enough_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o be_v seldom_o occur_v the_o great_a member_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o lesser_a the_o lesser_a from_o the_o least_o by_o proportionable_a stop_n doubtless_o a_o sub-comma_n will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o such_o period_n as_o this_o and_o to_o distinguish_v sentence_n that_o be_v under_o the_o second_o head_n for_o a_o comma_n i_o can_v hearty_o wish_v some_o person_n of_o authority_n in_o the_o world_n will_v assert_v it_o as_o a_o key_n to_o this_o whole_a discourse_n i_o only_o beg_v some_o point_n to_o be_v certain_a i_o do_v not_o much_o matter_n which_o from_o which_o all_o the_o other_o point_n may_v take_v their_o compass_n as_o in_o ring_v four_o bell_n the_o second_o be_v usual_o make_v and_o therefore_o call_v the_o certain_a according_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o which_o the_o little_a bell_n below_o and_o the_o great_a bell_n above_o do_v rise_v fall_v or_o keep_v their_o pitch_n so_o i_o will_v choose_v a_o sub-colon_n certain_a and_o to_o be_v use_v only_o to_o distinguish_v membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la in_o ordinary_a case_n i.e._n clause_n that_o be_v opposite_a or_o disparate_a what_o ever_o sentence_n as_o in_o the_o rule_n for_o a_o comma_n be_v below_o this_o shall_v be_v commae_v what_o ever_o be_v above_o it_o shall_v be_v colon_v absolute_a sentence_n shall_v terminate_v in_o a_o full_a point_n ordinary_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n extraordinary_a course_n must_v be_v take_v as_o in_o the_o last_o example_n i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o other_o point_n because_o many_o grammarian_n have_v speak_v plain_o enough_o to_o they_o i_o offer_v these_o rule_n only_o as_o a_o essay_n submit_v they_o to_o better_a judgement_n i_o hope_v by_o a_o accurate_a observation_n of_o all_o contexture_n they_o may_v be_v make_v more_o perfect_a i_o proceed_v to_o rule_n direct_v to_o read_v grammatical_o because_o neither_o sentence_n nor_o period_n can_v be_v right_o distinguish_v unless_o the_o natural_a and_o grammatical_a order_n of_o they_o be_v first_o apprehend_v rule_n for_o read_v grammatical_o r._n 1._o every_o sentence_n consist_v of_o a_o substantive_n call_v the_o nominative_a case_n and_o a_o verb_n express_v or_o understand_v with_o their_o dependent_n the_o dependent_n of_o the_o verb_n be_v those_o word_n which_o it_o affect_v with_o its_o motion_n mediate_o or_o immediate_o except_o a_o vocative_n case_n and_o any_o word_n or_o clause_n have_v the_o import_n of_o a_o sentence_n where_o the_o verb_n be_v virtual_o these_o be_v sometime_o conjunction_n interjection_n participle_n of_o the_o present_a and_o pretertense_n one_o substantive_n after_o another_o by_o apposition_n the_o infinitive_n mood_n &c_n &c_n with_o their_o dependent_n you_o have_v example_n for_o these_o in_o the_o general_a rule_n for_o point_v r._n 2._o the_o nominative_a case_n begin_v the_o sentence_n with_o which_o the_o verb_n agree_v except_o a_o conjunction_n the_o oblique_a case_n of_o relative_n interrogative_n or_o partitives_n do_v begin_v the_o sentence_n as_o what_o book_n do_v thou_o read_v thou_o do_v meet_v with_o my_o brother_n who_o thou_o do_v salute_v he_o will_v direct_v what_o book_n i_o shall_v read_v r._n 3._o the_o nominative_a case_n stand_v before_o the_o verb._n except_o it_o stand_v after_o the_o verb_n to_o distinguish_v demand_v and_o command_v from_o show_v as_o love_v thou_o do_v thou_o love_v let_v a_o man_n love_n love_n thou_o except_o nor_o neither_o or_o there_o do_v go_v before_o the_o verb._n as_o neither_o can_v i_o learn_v how_o there_o come_v a_o man_n into_o my_o house_n r._n 4._o the_o nominative_a case_n stand_v immediate_o before_o the_o verb._n except_o a_o genitive_a case_n or_o a_o gerund_n in_o d●_n analogous_a to_o a_o genitive_a case_n do_v come_v between_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v make_v after_o god_n image_n a_o adjective_n govern_v a_o case_n a_o participle_n a_o relative_n a_o conjunction_n with_o their_o dependent_n may_v part_v the_o nominative_a case_n and_o verb._n as_o a_o man_n do_v labour_n may_v be_v thus_o part_v a_o
to_o answer_v these_o except_o those_o two_o prius_fw-la supinum_fw-la and_o posterius_fw-la supinum_fw-la 1._o adjectiva_fw-la regunt_fw-la allativum_fw-la 2._o forma_fw-la vel_fw-la modus_fw-la rei_fw-la 3._o praeditus_fw-la contentus_fw-la 4._o verba_fw-la abundandi_fw-la 5._o quedvis_fw-la verbum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 6._o adverbia_fw-la diversitatis_fw-la 7._o tanto_fw-la quanto_fw-la with_o and_o by_o the_o cause_n or_o manner_n and_o after_o comparative_n and_o superl_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o all._n 1._o nomina_fw-la diversitatis_fw-la 2._o numeralia_fw-la in_o alio_fw-la sensis_fw-la 3._o natus_fw-la prognatus_fw-la 4._o diversa_fw-la verbis_fw-la implendi_fw-la 5._o verbis_fw-la significantibus_fw-la motum_fw-la à_fw-la loco_fw-la 6._o ad_fw-la cundem_fw-la modum_fw-la usurpatur_fw-la from_o be_v make_v by_o a_o preposition_n express_v or_o understand_v 1._o nomina_fw-la appellativa_fw-la 2._o quibuslibet_fw-la verbis_fw-la subjicitur_fw-la 3._o qua_fw-la significant_a partem_fw-la 4._o ve●um_fw-la si_fw-la proprium_fw-la nomen_fw-la loci_fw-la in_o or_o at_o a_o preposition_n 1._o verba_fw-la transitiva_fw-la 2._o quin_fw-la etiam_fw-la verba_fw-la intransitiva_fw-la 3._o hac_fw-la impersonalia_fw-la accusandi_fw-la 4._o his_o impersonalibus_fw-la subjicitur_fw-la 5._o quae_fw-la autem_fw-la durationem_fw-la 6._o magnitudinis_fw-la mensura_fw-la 7._o exit_fw-la his_fw-la quaedam_fw-la efferuntur_fw-la 8._o quaedam_fw-la variam_fw-la habent_fw-la constructionem_fw-la the_o variety_n be_v according_a to_o the_o sign_n 9_o spatium_fw-la loci_fw-la etc._n etc._n 10._o adverbia_fw-la accusandi_fw-la casum_fw-la admittunt_fw-la 11._o en_fw-fr ecce_fw-la and_o cedo_fw-la govern_v a_o accusative_a case_n and_o be_v not_o adverb_n but_o defective_a verb_n a_o or_o the_o which_o be_v not_o particular_a sign_n or_o no_o sign_n at_o all_o shall_v be_v the_o accusative_a do_v vestem_fw-la deus_fw-la amat_fw-la hominem_fw-la hanc_fw-la accusativum_fw-la ●utant_fw-la authores_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingens_fw-la praterea_fw-la adjectivorum_fw-la turba_fw-la nullis_fw-la obstri●●a_fw-la regulis_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o mutation_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o sign_n of_o case_n common_o a_o participle_n of_o the_o present_a tense_n have_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o genitive_a case_n be_v a_o gerund_n in_o d●_n time_n of_o love_v tempus_fw-la amandi_fw-la a_o participle_n of_o the_o present_a tense_n have_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o ablative_a case_n be_v a_o gerund_n in_o do._n hinder_v in_o love_v impeditus_fw-la amando_fw-la consider_v how_o obscure_a lilly_n rule_n be_v for_o gerund_n i_o have_v on_o purpose_n omit_v the_o exception_n because_o they_o just_a balance_n one_o another_o and_o be_v enumerate_v in_o the_o rule_n for_o read_v grammatical_o with_o which_o you_o may_v compa●e_v lily_n grammar_n if_o the_o scholar_n shall_v be_v instruct_v only_o in_o the_o rule_n for_o sign_n of_o case_n and_o never_o be_v trouble_v with_o more_o than_o three_o exception_n he_o may_v be_v easy_o perfect_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o example_n it_o may_v be_v better_a than_o by_o rule_n by_o this_o grammar_n one_o that_o have_v lose_v his_o latin_a tongue_n may_v in_o a_o few_o day_n after_o many_o year_n discontinuance_n recover_v the_o grammar_n of_o it_o though_o he_o never_o have_v any_o perfection_n in_o it_o this_o i_o have_v often_o try_v and_o be_o ready_a again_o to_o demonstrate_v 1._o consider_v if_o you_o peruse_v lily_n grammar_n whether_o all_o the_o fundamental_a rule_n necessary_a for_o a_o beginner_n to_o learn_v be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o these_o few_o rule_n by_o the_o sign_n of_o case_n the_o rule_n for_o elegancy_n be_v of_o a_o second_o consideration_n and_o many_o variation_n from_o the_o sign_n of_o case_n be_v grecism_n and_o so_o will_v apt_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o greek_a tongue_n the_o syntax_n of_o which_o be_v accommodate_v to_o this_o method_n 2._o consider_v whether_o by_o this_o syntax_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o begin_v to_o make_v latin_a before_o we_o begin_v to_o perseus_n as_o lily_n direct_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o grammar_n there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o government_n of_o substantive_n to_o be_v consider_v then_o what_o sign_n the_o substantive_n have_v if_o it_o have_v no_o particular_a sign_n it_o must_v be_v the_o accusative_a case_n or_o if_o it_o have_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v make_v according_a to_o that_o sign_n 3._o consider_v whether_o the_o impossibility_n of_o use_v lily_n syntax_n be_v not_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o neglect_n lily_n direction_n to_o make_v latin_a before_o they_o begin_v to_o perseus_n 4_o consider_v whether_o those_o that_o learn_v lily_n syntax_n do_v not_o get_v the_o tongue_n mere_o by_o habit_n burden_v with_o a_o huge_a fardel_n of_o useless_a rule_n or_o at_o the_o best_a they_o make_v their_o latin_n at_o first_o by_o sign_n of_o case_n not_o allow_v for_o rule_n till_o they_o have_v get_v the_o habit_n 5._o consider_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o the_o reason_n that_o all_o man_n do_v forget_v their_o grammar_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v get_v the_o tongue_n because_o the_o grammar_n as_o to_o the_o syntax_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o get_v the_o lingua_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o keep_v it_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v of_o any_o use_n in_o recover_v it_o when_o once_o lose_v because_o we_o do_v not_o learn_v the_o tongue_n by_o the_o rule_n but_o by_o a_o frequent_a application_n of_o numerous_a example_n to_o the_o rule_n we_o come_v to_o understand_v they_o and_o that_o principal_o by_o the_o sign_n 6._o consider_v whether_o lily_n rule_v understand_v exclusive_o as_o most_o apprehend_v they_o be_v not_o false_a most_o word_n do_v govern_v other_o case_n than_o those_o the_o rule_n assign_v and_o yet_o direction_n be_v seldom_o give_v such_o as_o a_o child_n can_v understand_v when_o they_o have_v those_o other_o case_n 7._o consider_v if_o the_o rule_n be_v understand_v inclusive_o as_o lily_n intend_v eidem_n verbo_fw-la diversi_fw-la casus_fw-la diversâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la apponi_fw-la possunt_fw-la whether_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o then_o impracticable_a because_o to_o understand_v this_o diversa_fw-la ratio_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v three_o hundred_o word_n enumerate_v and_o rule_n so_o perfect_a as_o to_o see_v they_o as_o it_o be_v at_o one_o look_v which_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o of_o ordinary_a part_n to_o do_v and_o then_o the_o whole_a syntax_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n those_o that_o think_v this_o may_v be_v do_v let_v they_o make_v a_o trial_n themselves_o upon_o that_o rule_n in_o the_o greek_a grammar_n verba_fw-la incipiendi_fw-la desinendi_fw-la appetendi_fw-la amandi_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o there_o be_v but_o twenty_o head_n enumerate_v if_o verb_n name_v can_v be_v reduce_v ready_o and_o judicious_o by_o a_o man_n to_o these_o twenty_o how_o shall_v a_o child_n do_v with_o fifteen_o time_n so_o many_o thus_o the_o 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