Selected quad for the lemma: war_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
war_n	say_a	ship_n	vessel_n	2,929	5	10.6889	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44350	An account of several new inventions and improvements now necessary for England, in a discourse by way of letter to the Earl of Marlborough, relating to building of our English shipping, planting of oaken timber in the forrests, apportioning of publick taxes, the conservacy of all our royal rivers, in particular that of the Thames, the surveys of the Thames, &c. : Herewith is also published at large The proceedings relating to mill'd-lead-sheathing, and the excellency and cheapness of mill'd-Lead in preference to cast sheet-lead for all other purposes whatsoever. : Also A treatise of naval philosophy, / written by Sir Will. Petty. ; The whole is submitted to the consideration of our English patriots in Parliament assembled.	T. H. (Thomas Hale); Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687. A treatise of naval philosophy.	1691 (1691)	Wing H265; ESTC R28685	111,893	310

must_v provide_v for_o the_o come_n of_o water_n to_o the_o rudder_n which_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o two_o other_o angulation_n viz._n from_o fifteen_o part_n aft_n let_v the_o side_n of_o the_o ship_n converge_n into_o a_o angle_n from_o the_o horizontal_n saction_n downward_o where_o the_o ship_n draw_v least_o water_n at_o she_o launch_v which_o will_v be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o tuck_n let_v the_o bottom_n superficies_n be_v bend_v in_o a_o circular_a line_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v in_o gross_a set_v down_o the_o five_o incurvation_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n of_o our_o log_n and_o how_o the_o butt-end_n thereof_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v abolish_v forward_o on_o for_o the_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o vessel_n through_o the_o water_n and_o aft_n for_o the_o quick_a and_o effectual_a pulse_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o rudder_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o the_o like_a shape_a of_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o log_n which_o we_o intend_v shall_v swim_v above_o the_o water_n which_o be_v perform_v as_o follow_v let_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o ship_n upon_o a_o wind_n be_v to_o stoop_v upon_o a_o certain_a angle_n let_v the_o supernatant_a side_n of_o a_o ship_n so_o much_o tumble_v as_o they_o call_v it_o as_o that_o the_o say_v side_n may_v remain_v perpendicular_a when_o the_o ship_n stoop_v which_o be_v do_v quite_o round_o the_o upper_a surface_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v the_o shape_n and_o section_n of_o the_o upper_a deck_n memorandum_n that_o all_o the_o forementioned_a incurvation_n be_v to_o be_v trim_v and_o repair_v by_o reconcile_a line_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o ●ollowing_v or_o excavate_v of_o our_o log_n which_o suppose_v begin_v at_o the_o middle_a we_o do_v leave_v equal_a thickness_n every_o where_o until_o the_o log_n become_v so_o light_a that_o it_o swim_v at_o the_o line_n represent_v the_o launch_n line_n and_o consequent_o we_o have_v now_o acquire_v the_o model_n of_o a_o ship_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o her_o launch_n except_o the_o cabin_n and_o what_o be_v usual_o superstruct_v ●pon_o the_o upper_a deck_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v how_o far_o ballast_n and_o weight_n of_o rig_v etc._n etc._n will_v sink_v the_o say_a ship_n and_o second_o how_o much_o deep_a the_o weight_n that_o must_v be_v add_v to_o fit_v out_o a_o man_n of_o war_n will_v depress_v she_o for_o till_o then_o we_o can_v rational_o determine_v the_o place_n of_o the_o gun-deck_a wherefore_o the_o next_o enquiry_n must_v be_v what_o extent_n of_o sail_n our_o vessel_n must_v carry_v and_o consequent_o the_o length_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o yard_n and_o then_o of_o their_o thickness_n and_o weight_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o size_n of_o the_o rig_v and_o from_o thence_o the_o wind-loft_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o cable_n and_o anohors_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o capstern_n and_o windless_a boat_n bit_n cathead_n and_o davit_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n quantity_n and_o weight_n of_o our_o ballast_n so_o as_o the_o ship_n may_v stoop_v but_o according_a to_o our_o intention_n and_o according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o our_o mast_n and_o shrowd_n have_v thus_o find_v out_o our_o second_o water-line_n which_o i_o call_v the_o sailing-line_n as_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o launching-line_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o three_o which_o be_v the_o line_n of_o war._n and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o compute_v the_o weight_n first_o of_o the_o ordnance_n which_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o a_o man_n of_o war_n one_o 6_o the_o part_n of_o what_o be_v between_o the_o sailing-line_n and_o the_o line_n of_o burden_n or_o four_o line_n second_o the_o weight_n of_o man_n with_o three_o month_n victual_n in_o order_n thereunto_o we_o must_v determine_v the_o number_n of_o man_n for_o sail_v from_o the_o spread_v of_o canvas_n and_o the_o number_n of_o man_n for_o fight_v from_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o deck_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o ordnance_n have_v find_v out_o the_o say_a line_n and_o consider_v the_o distance_n of_o trunnion_n of_o the_o gun_n from_o the_o gun-deck_a and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o muzzle_n of_o the_o gun_n level_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n we_o come_v at_o length_n to_o determine_v the_o place_n of_o the_o gun-deck_a and_o consequent_o of_o the_o other_o deck_n memorandum_n that_o the_o superstruction_n upon_o the_o upper_a deck_n be_v not_o only_o for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o man_n but_o also_o fortification_n of_o the_o ship_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o gun_n in_o the_o forecastle_n and_o steerage_n clear_v the_o deck_n as_o those_o of_o the_o round_a house_n do_v the_o quarter_n deck_v have_v find_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o mast_n we_o next_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o they_o viz._n by_o what_o point_v of_o the_o gun-deck_a they_o must_v pass_v and_o here_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o rake_n fast_o as_o also_o of_o the_o steeve_a of_o the_o boulsprit_fw-fr and_o withal_o the_o reason_n of_o place_v the_o topmast_n before_o or_o behind_o the_o mainmast_n and_o of_o divide_v each_o mast_n into_o three_o part_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o round_a top_n main_a stay_v the_o place_n and_o fit_v of_o the_o shroud_n so_o as_o to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o gib_n of_o the_o yard_n and_o set_v of_o the_o shrowd_v loose_a or_o tort_n as_o the_o condition_n of_o sail_v of_o the_o vessel_n require_v chap._n iii_o 1._o the_o reason_n of_o ship_n go_v against_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o what_o proportion_n she_o make_v way_n between_o she_o be_v right_o afore_o the_o wind_n and_o lie_v within_o five_o point_n of_o the_o wind_n 2._o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o steer_v and_o rudder_n 3._o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o mooring_n and_o anchor_n 4._o of_o the_o lee-board_n their_o use_n dimension_n and_o place_n 5._o what_o sail_n mast_n yard_n and_o rigging_n be_v fit_a for_o every_o size_n and_o sort_n of_o vessel_n according_a to_o the_o sea_n and_o service_n whereunto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v 6._o of_o the_o shape_n cut_v sow_v and_o set_v in_o of_o sail_n into_o the_o headrope_n and_o boltrope_n of_o the_o several_a substance_n and_o thickness_n of_o sail_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o welling_n they_o ease_v of_o shrowd_n looseness_n of_o mast_n and_o upper_a mast_n 7._o of_o the_o effect_n of_o true_a trim_n shut_v up_o the_o port_n general_a quietness_n fire_v of_o stern-piece_n and_o the_o best_a course_n upon_o a_o chase._n 8._o how_o topsail_n stoop_v wether_n or_o leeward_n helm_n as_o also_o how_o the_o keel_n gripe_n and_o mizzen_n sail_n may_v be_v fit_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o sail_v upon_o occasion_n 9_o what_o make_v a_o ship_n roll_n and_o laboursome_a in_o the_o sea_n what_o make_v she_o wear_v and_o stay_v well_o and_o what_o make_v she_o ride_v hard_a or_o easy_a at_o a_o anchor_n what_o make_v her_o pitch_n and_o scend_v too_o much_o what_o make_v her_o fall_n easy_a or_o hard_o into_o the_o sea_n what_o make_v her_o leeward_n or_o keep_v a_o good_a wind._n 10._o of_o the_o just_a proportion_n of_o sail_n with_o more_o or_o less_o that_o which_o will_v make_v the_o ship_n go_v worse_o of_o equation_n between_o the_o spread_v of_o sail_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o utmost_a velocity_n of_o a_o ship_n with_o wind_n and_o tide_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o counter-resistance_n of_o wind_n or_o tide_n why_o some_o ship_n sail_v better_a with_o much_o and_o some_o with_o less_o proportionable_o 11._o how_o to_o compute_v the_o impediment_n which_o foulness_n and_o weed_n do_v make_v in_o a_o ship_n way_n and_o in_o what_o proportion_n smoothness_n soap_n and_o tallow_n do_v quicken_v it_o 12._o how_o a_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o deck_n to_o beat_v it_o up_o to_o windward_n in_o foul_a weather_n why_o the_o foresail_n must_v be_v less_o than_o the_o mainsail_n chap._n iu._n we_o have_v hitherto_o suppose_v the_o ship_n to_o be_v exact_o shape_v inside_n and_o outside_n of_o one_o simple_a log_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o do_v otherwise_o in_o speculation_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o practical_a part_n of_o ship-carpentry_a which_o be_v the_o art_n of_o imitate_v the_o moddel_n aforementioned_a and_o of_o compose_v a_o ship_n not_o out_o of_o one_o but_o several_a thousand_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o iron_n wherefore_o this_o chapter_n shall_v comprehend_v as_o follow_v 1._o the_o history_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o best_a shipwright_n in_o england_n holland_n and_o portugal_n in_o their_o build_a ship_n as_o aforesaid_a 2._o suppose_v that_o a_o ship_n common_o

offer_v in_o the_o same_o paper_n of_o suggestion_n philosophical_a in_o support_n of_o their_o present_a sentence_n against_o lead-sheathing_a which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v suggestion_n which_o seem_v rather_o calculate_v for_o the_o give_a countenance_n to_o a_o opinion_n already_o espouse_v than_o for_o the_o raise_v a_o opinion_n upon_o that_o be_v yet_o in_o seek_v one_o be_v that_o of_o sir_n john_n kempthorne_n who_o with_o some_o of_o his_o officer_n light_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o milled-lead_a which_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o have_v take_v some_o wet_a they_o conceive_v it_o present_o to_o look_v of_o a_o cancarous_a and_o corrode_a substance_n and_o venomous_a to_o iron_n quality_n not_o usuay_o judge_v of_o by_o the_o eye_n promise_v the_o send_n up_o a_o sample_n of_o it_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o navy_n for_o their_o inspection_n which_o if_o they_o do_v the_o say_a officer_n will_v not_o have_v need_v any_o other_o evidence_n against_o lead-sheathing_a than_o their_o experiment_n upon_o this_o one_o piece_n have_v sir_n john_n kempthorne_n conception_n of_o it_o meet_v with_o any_o confirmation_n therefrom_o wherein_o your_o lordship_n will_v easy_o receive_v full_a satisfaction_n from_o the_o say_a officer_n another_o that_o of_o sir_n r._n b_n who_o in_o his_o declaration_n upon_o this_o matter_n charge_v this_o eat_v of_o the_o lead-to_a the_o mixture_n it_o be_v prepare_v with_o for_o the_o make_v it_o run_v thin_a by_o which_o it_o be_v render_v of_o a_o more_o blue_a colour_n than_o lead_v ordinary_o be_v and_o with_o salt-water_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o coperas_fw-la that_o consume_v the_o iron-work_n under_o water_n whereas_o whoever_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o method_n of_o this_o company_n in_o the_o manufacture_a part_n of_o their_o invention_n know_v that_o the_o only_a mystery_n thereof_o lie_v in_o the_o application_n of_o lead_n to_o roller_n by_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v without_o any_o inequality_n to_o what_o degree_n of_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n be_v demand_v without_o the_o least_o other_o preparation_n or_o mixture_n exercise_v upon_o the_o metal_n itself_o but_o be_v press_v and_o bring_v upon_o the_o ship_n side_n as_o simple_a and_o unaltered_a as_o ever_o it_o flow_v from_o the_o pig_n the_o last_o that_o of_o sir_n john_n narbrough_n be_v opinion_n of_o its_o be_v the_o copper_n cover_v the_o rudder-iron_n and_o the_o copper_n nail_v the_o sheathe_n be_v fasten_v with_o that_o destroy_v the_o ironwork_n whereto_o we_o hold_v it_o unnecessary_a here_o to_o return_v any_o thing_n in_o opposition_n more_o than_o what_o the_o say_v officer_n at_o the_o same_o time_n present_v you_o with_o of_o a_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n though_o in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o position_n from_o sir_n r._n b._n who_o express_o declare_v his_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o iron_n cover_v with_o copper_n and_o nail_v even_o with_o iron_n nail_n that_o suffer_v from_o the_o rust_n but_o only_o those_o which_o the_o lead_v together_o with_o the_o salt_n water_n drain_v and_o fall_v upon_o and_o this_o my_o lord_n have_v be_v say_v in_o reference_n to_o all_o that_o the_o navy_n officer_n have_v in_o their_o report_n think_v fit_a to_o give_v for_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o their_o so_o positive_a determination_n against_o lead-sheathing_a and_o wherein_o this_o company_n have_v only_o this_o to_o ask_v that_o they_o may_v not_o from_o aught_o they_o have_v already_o or_o may_v yet_o further_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n be_v misunderstand_v by_o your_o lordship_n as_o if_o they_o be_v under_o any_o disbelief_n themselves_o or_o aim_v at_o the_o get_v any_o in_o other_o touch_v the_o truth_n of_o fact_n now_o discourse_v upon_o there_o be_v none_o more_o sensible_a than_o themselves_o both_o of_o the_o reality_n of_o this_o waist_n of_o ironwork_n by_o rust_n and_o the_o ill_a importance_n of_o it_o in_o its_o consequence_n they_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o give_v your_o lordship_n the_o best_a assistance_n they_o can_v towards_o the_o discovery_n of_o what_o be_v the_o true_a source_n of_o this_o evil_a and_o that_o in_o the_o plainness_n of_o this_o follow_a method_n viz._n 1._o by_o submit_v to_o your_o lordship_n their_o opinion_n and_o its_o reason_n that_o the_o shethe_v of_o ship_n with_o lead_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v as_o such_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o decay_n of_o ironwork_n 2._o by_o do_v the_o like_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o evil_n for_o they_o be_v more_o than_o one_o whereto_o this_o matter_n under_o enquiry_n ought_v rightful_o to_o be_v impute_v 3._o by_o conduct_v your_o lordship_n to_o that_o which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o only_a certain_a speedy_a and_o effectual_a expedient_a of_o arrive_v at_o the_o truth_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o first_o against_o the_o charge_v this_o mischief_n upon_o shethe_v with_o lead_n be_v please_v to_o receive_v the_o measure_n of_o this_o company_n judge_v therein_o in_o the_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o that_o without_o take_v upon_o we_o to_o discourse_n as_o philosopher_n of_o the_o different_a structure_n consistence_n sweetness_n and_o acidity_n of_o body_n and_o other_o difficulty_n wherewith_o they_o have_v be_v frequent_o entertain_v in_o their_o inquiry_n on_o this_o subject_a they_o have_v make_v it_o their_o endeavour_n to_o gather_v the_o best_a information_n they_o can_v by_o resort_v to_o that_o purpose_n to_o person_n of_o most_o allow_a name_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o chemistry_n without_o be_v able_a hitherto_o to_o meet_v with_o one_o that_o will_v admit_v any_o thing_n to_o lie_v within_o the_o whole_a natur●●_n of_o lead_n that_o either_o single_o or_o from_o any_o alteration_n that_o can_v be_v beget_v by_o its_o meeting_n with_o salt-water_n can_v contribute_v aught_o to_o the_o decay_n of_o iron_n by_o corrosion_n as_o be_v a_o metal_n so_o void_a of_o any_o disposition_n that_o way_n as_o to_o subdue_v that_o very_a quality_n of_o corrode_a in_o other_o body_n the_o most_o acid_a and_o sour_a of_o which_o as_o we_o have_v have_v the_o honour_n more_o than_o once_o of_o hear_v his_o majesty_n himself_o discourse_v in_o confirmation_n so_o do_v we_o ready_o and_o humble_o refer_v your_o lordship_n not_o only_o to_o the_o same_o royal_a advice_n but_o to_o the_o honourable_a and_o learned_a gentleman_n and_o most_o eminent_o so_o for_o his_o researche_n into_o those_o abstruser_n part_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n mr._n boyle_n or_o whoever_o you_o shall_v please_v to_o consult_v with_o herein_o take_v with_o you_o the_o like_a consideration_n about_o the_o nail_n to_o which_o some_o as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v seem_v more_o inclinable_a to_o impute_v this_o evil_a than_o to_o the_o lead_n our_o daily_a experience_n show_v they_o at_o seven_o year_n end_n as_o free_a from_o rust_n as_o at_o their_o first_o drive_v and_o be_v so_o rust-proof_n in_o themselves_o will_v not_o any_o more_o be_v admit_v with_o those_o we_o have_v discourse_v with_o as_o capable_a of_o infect_v with_o rust_n any_o other_o adjacent_a or_o even_o continguous_a metal_n 2._o that_o from_o beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o before_o the_o be_v of_o this_o invention_n at_o least_o within_o these_o dominion_n universal_a practice_n both_o in_o his_o majesty_n yard_n and_o merchant_n building_n have_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v lead_v the_o common_a security_n of_o ironwork_n against_o rust_n not_o only_o by_o cover_v therewith_o upon_o all_o ship_n unsheathe_v and_o design_v on_o long_a voyage_n the_o ironwork_n about_o the_o rudder_n but_o by_o cap_v the_o head_n of_o their_o bolt_n under_o water_n with_o piece_n of_o lead_n size_v to_o and_o nail_v over_o the_o say_a bolt_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o at_o this_o day_n whatever_o merchantman_n or_o man_n of_o war_n be_v appoint_v for_o a_o voyage_n where_o the_o worm_n eat_v the_o back_n of_o her_o stern-post_n and_o beard_n of_o her_o rudder_n be_v sheathe_v with_o copper_n or_o lead_n and_o this_o even_o where_o the_o ship_n also_o be_v sheathe_v with_o wood_n the_o east-india_n company_n itself_o upon_o who_o we_o may_v best_o depend_v for_o caution_n wherever_o preservation_n of_o ship_n be_v in_o question_n not_o omit_v in_o that_o very_a case_n to_o sheathe_v their_o rudder_n with_o lead_n or_o copper_n which_o practice_n can_v certain_o never_o have_v prevail_v with_o our_o father_n and_o be_v follow_v with_o so_o continue_a a_o consent_n to_o this_o day_n by_o we_o if_o the_o vicinity_n of_o either_o of_o these_o metal_n assist_v as_o be_v by_o some_o imagine_v by_o salt-water_n have_v be_v ever_o find_v of_o so_o pernicious_a and_o certain_a effect_n upon_o the_o very_a matter_n they_o be_v employ_v to_o secure_v 3._o nor_o do_v what_o be_v thus_o approve_a of_o in_o the_o general_n and_o universal_a

endeavour_v to_o acquit_v ourselves_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n and_o duty_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o no_o less_o submission_n to_o your_o lordship_n as_o become_v my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n of_o the_o admiralty's_n commission_n be_v determine_v before_o they_o have_v proceed_v to_o make_v any_o report_n herein_o and_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o take_v in_o to_o himself_o the_o office_n of_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n which_o be_v transact_v by_o his_o brother_n mr._n pepys_n be_v secretary_n and_o sir_n anth._n dean_n and_o mr._n hewer_n the_o one_o always_o a_o profess_a friend_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o other_o not_o only_o so_o but_o to_o that_o time_n a_o partner_n also_o for_o a_o twelve_o share_n in_o the_o work_n be_v make_v commissioner_n of_o the_o navy_n the_o mill'd-lead_a company_n can_v not_o but_o expect_v their_o lead-sheathing_a will_v soon_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o gentleman_n they_o have_v thorough_o examine_v the_o matter_n and_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o great_a benefit_n and_o advantage_n this_o shethe_v have_v and_o may_v bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n service_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o by_o the_o post_n they_o be_v in_o it_o now_o become_v their_o duty_n also_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o much_o press_v their_o work_n wait_v only_o to_o be_v call_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v convenient_a but_o much_o time_n be_v lose_v under_o these_o expectation_n at_o length_n complain_v of_o this_o delay_n to_o their_o late_a partner_n mr._n hewer_n he_o advise_v they_o not_o to_o petition_v the_o king_n as_o they_o intend_v but_o to_o present_v a_o new_a proposal_n to_o the_o board_n to_o do_v the_o work_n per_fw-mi yard_n square_a without_o any_o reflection_n or_o notice_n of_o the_o former_a proceed_n say_v they_o that_o have_v be_v against_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v convince_v of_o their_o misinformation_n which_o have_v cause_v the_o prejudices_fw-la they_o have_v former_o conceive_v against_o lead-sheathing_a the_o whole_a matter_n ●eing_v so_o clear_o state_v and_o this_o shethe_v so_o well_o vindicate_v in_o the_o company_n be_v reply_n which_o they_o have_v have_v so_o much_o time_n better_a to_o examine_v and_o consider_v of_o and_o that_o they_o will_v take_v this_o way_n of_o application_n to_o they_o well_o and_o we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v the_o better_a and_o speedy_a success_n wherefore_o the_o 20_o decemb._n 1686._o the_o company_n present_v the_o proposal_n follow_v which_o they_o leave_v still_o before_o the_o navy-board_n in_o hope_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o they_o will_v find_v reason_n and_o leisure_n to_o take_v the_o same_o into_o further_a consideration_n to_o the_o honourable_a the_o principal_a officer_n and_o commissioner_n of_o his_o majesty_n navy_n a_o proposal_n of_o mr._n kent_n and_o partner_n concern_v in_o the_o work_n of_o mill'd-lead_a to_o sheath_n his_o majesty_n ship_n with_o the_o say_a lead_n for_o preservation_n of_o their_o plank_n against_o the_o worm_n which_o way_n of_o shethe_v be_v plain_o much_o better_a for_o sail_v cheap_a and_o more_o durable_a than_o any_o other_o way_n hitherto_o use_v it_o be_v humble_o offer_v to_o your_o consideration_n that_o when_o this_o way_n of_o milling_n lead_v for_o shethe_v of_o ship_n be_v first_o invent_v it_o be_v immediate_o communicae_v to_o the_o late_a king_n and_o his_o present_a majesty_n then_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o invention_n by_o they_o well_o weigh_v and_o consider_v and_o think_v to_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n that_o his_o majesty_n give_v the_o inventors_n encouragement_n and_o advice_n to_o lay_v the_o same_o before_o the_o parliament_n where_o a●ter_v a_o most_o strict_a scrutiny_n into_o the_o matter_n in_o both_o house_n they_o obtain_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o term_n in_o it_o high_o express_v the_o good_a opinion_n they_o have_v conceive_v of_o this_o invention_n after_o which_o by_o his_o majesty_n particular_a direction_n it_o be_v first_o try_v upon_o several_a of_o his_o own_o ship_n but_o the_o interest_n several_a person_n trade_v in_o the_o material_n former_o use_v in_o shethe_v have_v to_o oppose_v this_o invention_n do_v make_v they_o very_o iudustrious_a to_o raise_v objection_n against_o it_o all_o which_o be_v thorough_o examine_v by_o his_o late_a majesty_n and_o a_o view_n by_o he_o in_o person_n make_v of_o the_o ship_n phoenix_n after_o two_o voyage_n to_o the_o straits_n with_o the_o same_o shethe_v it_o please_v his_o majesty_n by_o his_o order_n of_o 20_o the_o decemb._n 1673._o to_o signify_v his_o pleasure_n that_o for_o the_o future_a this_o way_n of_o shethe_v and_o no_o other_o shall_v be_v use_v upon_o his_o majesty_n ship_n by_o the_o then_o lord_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o these_o word_n viz._n after_o our_o hearty_a commendation_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n signify_v to_o we_o by_o himself_o at_o this_o board_n that_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o many_o and_o good_a proof_n which_o have_v be_v give_v of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o sir_n philip_n howard_n and_o major_n watson_n invention_n of_o shethe_v his_o majesty_n ship_n with_o lead_n in_o preference_n to_o the_o do_v of_o it_o with_o the_o material_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n ancient_o use_v and_o with_o respect_n have_v no_o less_o to_o the_o charge_n thereof_o than_o the_o effectual_a secure_v the_o hull_n of_o his_o majesty_n ship_n against_o the_o worm_n his_o majesty_n ship_n may_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v be_v sheathe_v in_o no_o other_o manner_n than_o that_o of_o lead_n without_o special_a order_n give_v for_o the_o same_o from_o this_o board_n these_o be_v to_o authorise_v you_o to_o cause_v this_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ●erein_o to_o be_v due_o comply_v with_o and_o so_o we_o remain_v your_o love_a friend_n anglesey_n ormond_n g._n carteret_n and_o after_o two_o year_n further_a experience_n the_o then_o navy-board_n think_v it_o for_o his_o majesty_n service_n to_o contract_n with_o the_o mill'd-lead_a partner_n for_o the_o material_n to_o sheathe_v his_o ship_n at_o the_o rate_n express_v in_o their_o article_n of_o agreement_n during_o their_o whole_a term_n of_o their_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o thus_o stand_v the_o matter_n till_o the_o close_a of_o the_o year_n 1675._o at_o which_o time_n as_o we_o humble_o conceive_v by_o the_o artifice_n of_o the_o interest_v trader_n be_v raise_v a_o clamour_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o as_o if_o this_o way_n of_o shethe_v do_v occasion_n a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a decay_n of_o the_o rudder-iron_n this_o immediate_o put_v the_o partner_n upon_o a_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o the_o truth_n and_o validity_n of_o these_o objection_n and_o it_o be_v not_o long_o ere_o they_o full_o discover_v that_o this_o decay_n in_o the_o ironwork_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o contrariety_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o lead_n with_o the_o matter_n of_o iron_n but_o that_o the_o ironwork_n last_v or_o decay_v as_o it_o be_v better_a or_o worse_o mix_v and_o wrought_v by_o the_o smith_n for_o such_o different_a decay_n as_o be_v charge_v can_v never_o proceed_v from_o one_o common_a cause_n his_o late_a majesty_n himself_o be_v convince_v that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o corrosive_a quality_n in_o lead_n boyle_n have_v consult_v the_o person_n in_o england_n the_o most_o skilful_a in_o those_o matter_n furthermore_o universal_a practice_n both_o in_o his_o majesty_n yard_n and_o merchant_n builder_n have_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v lead_v the_o common_a security_n of_o ironwork_n against_o rust_n not_o only_o by_o cover_v therewith_o upon_o all_o ship_n unsheathe_v and_o design_v for_o long_a voyage_n the_o ironwork_n about_o the_o rudder_n but_o by_o cap_v the_o head_n of_o their_o bolt_n under_o water_n with_o piece_n of_o lead_n size_v to_o and_o nail_v over_o the_o say_a bolt_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o at_o this_o day_n whatever_o merchant_n man_n or_o man_n of_o war_n be_v appoint_v for_o a_o voyage_n where_o the_o worm_n eat_v the_o back_n of_o her_o stem-post_n and_o beard_n of_o her_o rudder_n be_v sheathe_v with_o copper_n or_o lead_n and_o this_o even_o where_o the_o ship_n also_o be_v sheathe_v with_o wood_n the_o east_n india_n company_n itself_o upon_o who_o we_o may_v best_o depend_v for_o caution_n wherever_o preservation_n of_o ship_n be_v in_o question_n not_o omit_v in_o that_o very_a case_n to_o sheathe_v their_o rudder_n with_o lead_n or_o copper_n which_o practice_n certain_o can_v never_o have_v prevail_v with_o our_o father_n and_o be_v follow_v with_o so_o continue_a a_o consent_n to_o this_o very_a day_n by_o we_o of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o either_o of_o these_o metal_n assist_v as_o be_v by_o some_o imagine_a by_o salt-water_n have_v

reckon_v 150_o tun_n be_v a_o fit_a size_n to_o sail_v in_o round_a the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o just_a strength_n of_o every_o part_n of_o the_o same_o be_v certain_o know_v and_o determine_v it_o be_v desire_v to_o know_v of_o what_o size_n and_o scantling_n each_o correspondent_a timber_n must_v be_v of_o to_o make_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a vessel_n of_o equal_a strength_n and_o to_o compute_v the_o difference_n of_o strength_n between_o great_a and_o small_a vessel_n of_o the_o common_a build_v 3._o how_o to_o make_v practical_a equation_n between_o the_o strength_n of_o timber_n and_o iron_n and_o between_o trenaile_n and_o bolt_n etc._n etc._n 4._o out_o of_o what_o data_fw-la arise_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o knee_n bolt_n and_o nail_n 5._o that_o vast_a ship_n of_o 1500_o tun_n do_v require_v a_o different_a way_n of_o carpentry_n of_o mast_n and_o yard_n than_o what_o be_v use_v and_o particular_o in_o no_o case_n a_o mast_n above_o 30_o inch_n through_o and_o above_o ¾_n the_o present_a length_n be_v requisite_a chap._n v._n 1._o what_o alteration_n in_o ship_n the_o use_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o gun_n have_v produce_v and_o consequent_o how_o to_o conjecture_v what_o be_v the_o ship_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o these_o country_n 2._o how_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o material_n for_o building_n the_o difference_n of_o trade_n and_o commodity_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o defensive_a and_o offensive_a warfare_n do_v occasion_n difference_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o present_a world_n 3._o the_o history_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o ship_n sail_v upon_o a_o wind_n and_o advance_v of_o the_o ship_n trade_n for_o the_o last_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o portugal_n genovese_n english_a netherlands_o and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o baltic_a 4._o a_o description_n of_o several_a attempt_n which_o have_v be_v make_v the●e_n last_v twenty_o year_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o ship_n with_o the_o respective_a success_n and_o sailor_n of_o each_o the_o second_o part_n be_v of_o naval_a policy_n chap._n i._n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o only_o by_o right_n and_o custom_n sovereign_a of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n but_o have_v also_o the_o best_a mean_n and_o most_o concernment_n to_o be_v more_o considerable_a at_o sea_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n it_o be_v therefore_o his_o interest_n to_o know_v and_o discover_v as_o follow_v 1._o how_o many_o tunn_n of_o ship_n there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a comercial_n world_n from_o 15_o to_o 1500_o tunn_n as_o be_v able_a to_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o many_o ship_n there_o be_v of_o each_o century_n of_o time_n with_o the_o say_v 15_o century_n 2._o how_o many_o ordnance_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o of_o what_o weight_n 3._o how_o many_o seaman_n there_o be_v in_o all_o and_o particular_o of_o such_o as_o have_v serve_v three_o year_n at_o sea_n 4._o to_o have_v list_n of_o all_o the_o ship_n and_o seaman_n belong_v to_o any_o port_n or_o place_n within_o his_o own_o dominion_n and_o a_o ready_a method_n to_o know_v where_o they_o be_v at_o all_o time_n at_o home_n or_o at_o sea_n 5._o what_o harbour_n and_o port_n there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a commercial_n world_n unto_o which_o ship_n do_v belong_v and_o what_o ship_n they_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v what_o be_v the_o special_a advantage_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o each_o 6._o what_o be_v the_o wage_n and_o rate_n of_o victual_n for_o seaman_n in_o each_o state_n 7._o to_o have_v intelligence_n of_o all_o privateer_n pickeroon_n and_o pirate_n which_o be_v abroad_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o a_o forwardness_n to_o go_v forth_o from_o hence_o only_o his_o majesty_n can_v know_v how_o to_o proportion_v his_o navy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v his_o navy_n can_v or_o need_v not_o consist_v of_o more_o tunn_n of_o ship_n than_o be_v seaman_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o one_o quarter_n more_o i_o say_v great_a it_o can_v well_o be_v and_o it_o need_v not_o be_v much_o big_a than_o of_o so_o many_o tunn_v of_o ship_n than_o any_o two_o of_o his_o neighbour_n state_n have_v man_n to_o man_n with_o preservation_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o intelligence_n last_o mention_v determin_n the_o number_n and_o sort_n of_o ship_n which_o be_v to_o be_v always_o in_o readiness_n moreover_o the_o king_n navy_n must_v be_v of_o ship_n above_o 600_o tunn_n but_o need_v not_o have_v half_a so_o many_o lesser_a as_o will_v suffice_v in_o time_n of_o exigence_n for_o such_o may_v be_v hire_v from_o merchant_n chap._n ii_o 1._o of_o the_o advantage_n situate_a upon_o the_o sea_n and_o navigable_a water_n 2._o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o ship_n trade_n in_o general_n 3._o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o how_o far_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v able_a to_o manage_v it_o and_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v the_o impediment_n thereof_o 4._o whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o coal_n be_v find_v near_o london_n and_o that_o good_a tobacco_n and_o sugar_n will_v grow_v in_o england_n for_o as_o much_o as_o a_o parcel_n of_o proper_a fit_a ground_n of_o twelve_o mile_n square_a will_v bear_v as_o much_o of_o these_o commodity_n as_o do_v now_o come_v from_o america_n 5._o of_o what_o benefit_n to_o the_o world_n be_v the_o discovery_n of_o new_a country_n new_a passage_n new_a mine_n of_o gold_n of_o silver_n and_o of_o the_o longitude_n itself_o 6._o what_o increase_n of_o trade_n do_v real_o signify_v and_o import_v 7._o the_o effect_n of_o depend_v upon_o foreign_a country_n for_o hemp_n tarr_n mast_n rozin_n and_o sail-cloath_n 8._o of_o the_o whole_a expense_n of_o a_o fleet_n how_o much_o of_o that_o from_o foreign_a country_n and_o how_o much_o be_v the_o domestic_n in_o value_n 9_o the_o same_o english_a man_n who_o now_o work_n upon_o export_v commodity_n as_o woollen_a manufacture_n lead_v tinn_n etc._n etc._n do_v go_v to_o sea_n in_o man_n of_o war._n quer._n whether_o they_o will_v not_o take_v as_o much_o commodity_n by_o way_n of_o prize_n as_o they_o now_o receive_v in_o exchange_n for_o their_o say_a exportation_n 10._o of_o the_o decay_n of_o timber_n in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n with_o the_o cause_n and_o consequence_n and_o remedy_n thereof_o chap._n iii_o 1._o whither_o landman_n and_o not_o seaman_n breed_v be_v fit_a to_o command_v at_o sea_n 2._o of_o all_o the_o man_n in_o a_o fleet_n of_o war_n how_o many_o aught_o to_o be_v perfect_a seaman_n how_o many_o of_o five_o low_a degree_n and_o how_o many_o may_v be_v landman_n 3._o how_o in_o what_o time_n land_n soldier_n and_o other_o tradesman_n of_o labour_n may_v be_v make_v auxiliary_a seaman_n and_o how_o many_o such_o may_v be_v requisite_a in_o case_n ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a and_o how_o the_o say_v man_n may_v be_v encourage_v and_o employ_v at_o land_n to_o the_o public_a benefit_n 4._o of_o allow_v encouragement_n to_o impotent_a seaman_n with_o the_o number_n of_o they_o and_o how_o to_o assist_v such_o seaman_n as_o be_v low_a of_o employment_n of_o naval_a oeconomy_n or_o husbandry_n the_o three_o part_n have_v determine_v the_o number_n of_o the_o tun_n of_o ship_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a navy_n be_v to_o consist_v and_o how_o many_o ship_n in_o number_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o also_o how_o many_o of_o each_o size_n and_o rate_n and_o in_o what_o and_o how_o ma●●_n harbour_n they_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v so_o as_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o put_v to_o sea_n upon_o any_o occasion_n it_o remain_v to_o set_v forth_o how_o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v wtth_v the_o least_o charge_n and_o with_o the_o least_o expense_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o which_o purpose_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o forasmuch_o as_o a_o ship_n do_v common_o reign_v about_o thirty_o year_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o 30_o the_o part_n of_o tunn_v 〈◊〉_d ship_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a navy_n consist_v must_v be_v 〈◊〉_d build_v every_o year_n the_o which_o may_v probable_o cost_v 15_o l._n 〈◊〉_d ann._n with_o gunner_n boatswain_n and_o carpenter_n store_v 2._o the_o charge_n of_o the_o english_a navy_n in_o ordinary_a have_v by_o experience_n amount_v to_o 20_o s._n per_fw-la tunn_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 3._o for_o charge_v of_o maintain_v a_o man_n of_o war_n at_o sea_n complete_o fit_v victual_v and_o man_v with_o the_o expense_n wear_v and_o tear_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o store_n do_v amount_v to_o 24_o l._n per_fw-la ann._n 4._o there_o be_v estimate_n by_o which_o money_n must_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o navy_n but_o by_o good_a husbandry_n the_o charge_n may_v be_v defray_v at_o a_o more_o easy_a rate_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n describe_v historical_o the_o present_a way_n of_o manage_v his_o majesty_n navy_n in_o england_n and_o afterward_o make_v some_o animadversion_n upon_o each_o of_o the_o three_o great_a branch_n of_o that_o expense_n which_o be_v wages_n victual_n and_o store_n subdivide_v each_o of_o they_o again_o into_o several_a other_o branch_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o custom_n require_v finis_fw-la finis_fw-la 1_o crook_n 184._o james_n and_o hayward_n case_n coke_n 5_o report_n 101._o penruddock_n case_n and_o 9th_o report_n 53._o bettons_n case_n cummultis_a aliis_fw-la octob._n 28._o 1682._o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o she_o be_v neglect_v to_o be_v sheathe_v with_o 〈◊〉_d tho'_o order_v navy_n office_n 20._o dec._n 1682._o vide_fw-la answ._n pag._n 12._o obs._n this_o shethe_v have_v continue_v on_o eleven_o year_n v_o answ._n pag._n 13._o v_o answ._n pag._n 14._o obs._n this_o different_a decay_n can_v happen_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n viz._n the_o lead_n shethe_v v_o answ._n pag._n 11._o but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o as_o that_o any_o worm_n enter_v against_o which_o shethe_v be_v only_o intend_v v_o ans._n p._n 15_o v_o answ._n pag._n 15._o vid._n answ._n pag._n 11._o vid._n answ._n pag._n 30._o vide_fw-la answ._n pag._n 13._o strip_v 1678._o 1678._o all_o must_v be_v equal_o decay_v if_o the_o lead-sheathing_a be_v the_o cause_n v_o mr._n medbury_n letter_n p._n 78._o 78._o 60_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v think_v fit_a as_o encouragement_n enough_o to_o be_v mention_v though_o mr._n pepys_n who_o also_o pen_v this_o memorial_n with_o sir_n ant._n dean_n and_o mr._n hewer_n find_v by_o their_o calculation_n the_o king_n have_v and_o may_v save_v by_o the_o use_n of_o this_o shethe_v above_o 150_o per_fw-la cent._n beside_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o secure_v the_o hull_n of_o his_o ship_n against_o the_o worm_n without_o hindrance_n to_o their_o sail_v their_o calculation_n the_o publisher_n have_v in_o mr._n hewer_n handwriting_n by_o he_o mr._n boyle_n mary_n ly●●_n lyon_n henrietta_n mary_n phoenix_n march_n 10._o 1670_o 1._o dreadnought_n june_n 1671._o bristol_n apr._n 1674._o henrietta_n phoenix_n phoenix_n the_o rudder_n not_o be_v sheathe_v high_a enough_o no_o fault_n in_o the_o rudder_n iron_n nor_o lead-sheathing_a kings-fisher_n assistance_n mary_n plymouth_n dreadnought_n r._n catherine_n fairfax_n st._n david_n happy_a return_n ●_o prince_n st._n george_n novem._n 30._o 1682._o since_o the_o r●building_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o first_o notice_n of_o milled_a lead_n the_o plumber_n to_o make_v their_o cover_n seem_v cheap_a have_v general_o cast_v much_o thin_a than_o former_o which_o have_v produce_v these_o ill_a effect_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n though_o in_o more_o ancient_a cover_n the_o same_o inequality_n and_o defect_n proportionable_o may_v be_v see_v see_v the_o mill'd-lead-shop_n be_v since_o remove_v to_o the_o mill'd-lead-sign_n in_o orange-street_n by_o red-lyon-square_a near_a holborn_n where_o mr._n hale_v himself_o also_o now_o live_v live_v no_o such_o house_n to_o be_v find_v