certain_a sense_n of_o word_n for_o critic_n do_v very_o frequent_o ground_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n upon_o etymology_n or_o the_o derivation_n of_o they_o from_o other_o word_n or_o else_o on_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o some_o few_o learned_a writer_n do_v take_v they_o both_o which_o be_v fallacious_a rule_n to_o know_v their_o sense_n certain_o the_o former_a because_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n be_v impose_v and_o the_o sense_n itself_o of_o those_o word_n be_v many_o time_n different_a notion_n for_o example_n a_o stone_n as_o some_o of_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v in_o latin_a name_v lapis_n a_o laedendâ—_n pedes_fw-la but_o the_o notion_n or_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n be_v the_o very_a substance_n itself_o of_o such_o a_o body_n nor_o be_v the_o latter_a rule_n competent_a to_o give_v we_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o word_n that_o express_v natural_a notion_n first_o because_o those_o learned_a man_n use_v to_o speak_v learned_o or_o rhetorical_o with_o trope_n and_o figure_n and_o affect_v to_o deliver_v their_o thought_n neat_o and_o fine_o with_o quaint_a phrase_n allusion_n metaphor_n and_o other_o knack_n of_o language_n all_o which_o be_v so_o many_o deviation_n from_o the_o natural_a manner_n of_o expression_n common_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o consequent_o unsuitable_a to_o our_o natural_a conception_n beside_o that_o a_o few_o author_n suffice_v the_o critic_n to_o build_v their_o observation_n upon_o all_o which_o fall_v infinite_o short_a of_o that_o certainty_n and_o plainness_n which_o the_o common_a and_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o the_o vulgar_a afford_v we_o 8._o equivocal_a word_n be_v either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o such_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o chance_n or_o relative_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o design_n absolute_o when_o there_o be_v no_o kind_n of_o reason_n or_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v two_o different_a sense_n as_o when_o far_a in_o english_a signify_v a_o great_a way_n in_o latin_a breadcorn_n or_o any_o word_n in_o one_o language_n happen_v mere_o casual_o to_o have_v a_o different_a signification_n in_o another_o in_o which_o sort_n of_o equivocation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n to_o science_n those_o two_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v so_o vast_o disparate_a relative_o when_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v for_o two_o different_a reason_n one_o when_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o connexion_n with_o they_o as_o cause_n and_o effect_v as_o when_o the_o word_n healthful_a which_o proper_o belong_v to_o a_o animal_n be_v transfer_v to_o meat_n because_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o health_n in_o the_o animal_n and_o to_o urine_n because_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o its_o health_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a sign_n of_o it_o or_o as_o when_o we_o say_v there_o be_v much_o art_n in_o such_o a_o picture_n or_o poem_n it_o mean_v the_o effect_n of_o art_n for_o art_n in_o proper_a speech_n be_v to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o artificer_n the_o other_o reason_n of_o the_o word_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o consequent_o refer_v back_o to_o it_o again_o be_v when_o this_o be_v do_v for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o as_o when_o we_o say_v of_o a_o good_a governor_n that_o he_o be_v the_o pilot_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o steer_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a harbour_n and_o preserve_v it_o from_o split_v upon_o the_o rock_n of_o division_n where_o the_o word_n pilot_n which_o in_o the_o first_o and_o proper_a mean_v signify_v a_o director_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v transfer_v to_o a_o governor_n because_o he_o do_v the_o same_o in_o proportion_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o the_o other_o do_v in_o a_o ship_n thus_o tranquillity_n which_o be_v proper_o say_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a be_v transfer_v to_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n because_o its_o peaceable_a condition_n resemble_v or_o bear_v a_o kind_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o undisturbed_a quiet_n find_v in_o a_o calm_a sea_n 9_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o be_v call_v metaphor_n or_o metaphorical_a and_o the_o best_a metaphor_n be_v when_o the_o thing_n from_o which_o it_o be_v transfer_v be_v eminent_a under_o that_o notion_n we_o intend_v to_o express_v as_o when_o we_o call_v a_o valiant_a man_n a_o lion_n and_o a_o meek_a man_n a_o lamb_n because_o courage_n and_o mildness_n be_v eminent_a in_o those_o animal_n a_o continue_v metaphor_n be_v call_v a_o allegory_n as_o in_o the_o example_n late_o give_v the_o word_n pilot_n steer_v harbour_n split_v and_o rock_n be_v all_o metaphor_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a speech_n be_v allegorical_a 10._o there_o be_v no_o danger_n nor_o detriment_n to_o science_n that_o such_o word_n be_v use_v in_o common_a speech_n or_o loose_v rhetorical_a discourse_n but_o they_o be_v exceed_o pernicious_a to_o it_o when_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o dogmatical_a tenet_n and_o search_v for_o truth_n out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o write_a author_n for_o since_o those_o metaphor_n however_o they_o be_v true_a while_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o proportion_n and_o resemblance_n only_o yet_o be_v literal_o tal_n and_o in_o deliver_v doctrine_n or_o dogmatical_a tenet_n only_a litteral_n truth_n be_v aim_v at_o and_o if_o the_o reader_n happen_v to_o take_v a_o metaphorical_a expression_n for_o a_o literal_a one_o he_o will_v most_o certain_o embrace_v a_o error_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o word_n literal_o mean_v for_o a_o metaphor_n he_o will_v take_v a_o truth_n for_o a_o error_n hence_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o science_n not_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o metaphorical_a and_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mistake_v one_o for_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o unless_o some_o certain_a rule_n be_v establish_v by_o which_o we_o may_v be_v ascertain_v when_o write_a word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v certain_a of_o any_o truth_n mere_o by_o those_o write_a word_n 11._o those_o word_n which_o be_v transfer_v from_o corporeal_a to_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v by_o far_o more_o high_o metaphorical_a than_o can_v be_v any_o transferr'd_n from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o misunderstand_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o destructive_a to_o science_n for_o since_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o the_o division_n of_o that_o genus_fw-la into_o those_o species_n be_v make_v by_o the_o contradictory_n difference_n of_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o whatever_o except_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v proper_o affirm_v of_o body_n must_v be_v proper_o deny_v of_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n transfer_v from_o body_n to_o spirit_n which_o be_v in_o different_a line_n be_v far_o more_o improper_a than_o those_o which_o be_v tranfer_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o so_o less_o disparate_a corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v confirm_v the_o former_a doctrine_n that_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o place_n nor_o be_v themselves_o or_o their_o spiritual_a action_n subject_a to_o timeâ—r_v â—r_z commensurable_a to_o it_o etc._n etc._n since_o all_o these_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v of_o body_n and_o therefore_o must_v proper_o be_v deny_v of_o spirit_n corol._n iii_o from_o the_o two_o last_o section_n it_o follow_v evident_o that_o no_o dogmatical_a tenet_n can_v be_v â—roved_v from_o book_n that_o treat_v of_o spiritual_a nature_n â—r_o of_o such_o consideration_n as_o belong_v to_o they_o unless_o â—ome_v certain_a rule_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v when_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n â—nce_o a_o mistake_n in_o this_o may_v make_v the_o reader_n embrace_v a_o falsehood_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o a_o truth_n for_o a_o falsehood_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n for_o exâ—mple_n this_o proportion_n god_n be_v move_v by_o our_o prayer_n be_v literal_o false_a for_o to_o be_v move_v be_v to_o be_v change_v and_o god_n be_v essential_o unchangeable_a wherefore_o it_o be_v only_o true_a in_o a_o metaphorical_a â—ence_n and_o the_o word_n move_v be_v a_o metaphor_n of_o the_o last_o sort_n viz._n of_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o and_o so_o the_o true_a sense_n be_v this_o god_n though_o unmoved_a in_o himself_o yet_o act_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n towards_o he_o that_o pray_v to_o he_o as_o
purpose_n be_v his_o many_o distinction_n of_o his_o proposition_n especial_o those_o he_o call_v exponibiles_fw-la let_v but_o the_o learner_n know_v certain_o and_o liquid_o what_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o be_v to_o come_v between_o they_o and_o unite_v they_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o be_v univocal_a he_o will_v be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n to_o see_v the_o form_n of_o connexion_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o proposition_n and_o be_v only_o conducive_a to_o science_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o term_n his_o chief_a misfortune_n be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v either_o at_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o process_n of_o his_o book_n to_o know_v at_o least_o to_o build_v upon_o this_o truth_n and_o stand_v to_o it_o that_o our_o notion_n or_o as_o the_o modern_n have_v take_v a_o toy_n to_o call_v they_o idea_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n imprint_v by_o outward_a object_n without_o which_o no_o stability_n of_o those_o notion_n or_o idea_n can_v be_v with_o evidence_n assert_v nor_o any_o solid_a knowledge_n possible_o be_v have_v of_o our_o predication_n nor_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v understand_v nor_o consequent_o ean_v there_o be_v any_o firmness_n in_o our_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n whence_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o beginner_n be_v at_o first_o well_o instruct_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o point_n for_o without_o this_o all_o will_v be_v but_o loose_a and_o ungrounded_a talk_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o i_o lose_v credit_n with_o our_o late_a wit_n i_o must_v avow_v that_o aristotle_n dry_a assertion_n that_o anima_fw-la intelligendo_fw-la fit_a omne_fw-la though_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o some_o a_o wild_a paradox_n have_v more_o solid_a sense_n in_o it_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v and_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o true_a philosophy_n than_o all_o the_o other_o maxim_n that_o do_v not_o proceed_v upon_o it_o and_o suppose_v it_o which_o yet_o i_o see_v the_o goodness_n of_o nature_n intimate_v to_o many_o and_o force_v they_o to_o ground_v their_o discourse_n on_o it_o practical_o even_o though_o while_o they_o speculate_v they_o deny_v it_o or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o or_o disregard_n it_o observe_v therefore_o this_o great_a want_n under_o which_o philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o study_n of_o truth_n labour_v i_o have_v out_o of_o my_o true_a zeal_n of_o improve_n science_n and_o beat_v down_o scepticism_n the_o profess_a patron_n of_o ignorance_n and_o covert_a parent_n of_o all_o irreligion_n hazard_v the_o opinion_n of_o singularity_n in_o endeavour_v to_o write_v and_o publish_v a_o demonstrative_a logic_n at_o least_o i_o have_v give_v such_o reason_n quite_o through_o it_o as_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v clear_a and_o conclusive_a in_o every_o piece_n of_o it_o that_o have_v any_o influence_n upon_o scientifical_a knowledge_n what_o my_o reader_n may_v expect_v from_o i_o be_v this_o i_o begin_v with_o our_o natural_a notion_n the_o bottom-ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n i_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n who_o metaphysical_a verity_n be_v establish_v by_o creative_a wisdom_n do_v consequent_o give_v stability_n and_o solidity_n to_o all_o our_o discourse_n that_o be_v build_v on_o they_o i_o distribute_v those_o natural_a notion_n under_o those_o several_a common_a head_n and_o manifest_v why_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o and_o no_o 〈◊〉_d show_v how_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v which_o make_v our_o conception_n of_o theâ—_n 〈◊〉_d and_o distinct._n i_o lie_v rule_n to_o escape_v 〈◊〉_d snare_n which_o equivocal_a word_n lie_v 〈…〉_z way_n while_o we_o be_v discourse_v i_o show_v â—he_n reason_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o connected_a notion_n or_o proposition_n which_o if_o self-evident_a and_o identical_a have_v title_n to_o be_v first_o principle_n as_o from_o many_o head_n i_o demonstrate_v i_o trace_v nature_n in_o all_o those_o nice_a and_o immediate_a step_n she_o take_v to_o generate_v knowledge_n in_o we_o at_o first_o come_v to_o those_o proposition_n that_o need_v proof_n and_o the_o way_n of_o prove_v they_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n which_o give_v the_o nerve_n to_o every_o act_n of_o true_a reason_v and_o of_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o every_o conclusion_n which_o we_o right_o infer_v to_o perform_v which_o i_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o necessary_a or_o natural_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o but_o four_o mood_n of_o that_o figure_n i_o lay_v down_o and_o fix_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o conclude_v i_o evidence_n the_o nature_n of_o that_o three_o notion_n or_o middle_a term_n by_o the_o connexion_n of_o which_o with_o the_o two_o term_n of_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v they_o must_v inevitable_o be_v join_v with_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o thesis_n itself_o must_v be_v right_o conclude_v and_o therefore_o infallible_o true_a i_o show_v how_o to_o find_v out_o a_o middle_a term_n fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o thence_o prepare_v the_o way_n for_o demonstration_n i_o lay_v open_a how_o every_o truth_n must_v have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n a_o contradiction_n as_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o those_o principle_n of_o they_o to_o do_v which_o though_o more_o laborious_a be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v i_o manifest_a thence_o how_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o what_o strange_a consequence_n follow_v thence_o also_o how_o middle_a term_n proper_a for_o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v from_o all_o the_o four_o cause_n to_o clear_v better_o the_o notion_n of_o science_n i_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o opinion_n and_o human_n faith_n their_o ground_n and_o how_o the_o former_a of_o these_o two_o last_o deviate_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o when_o the_o late_a do_v or_o do_v not_o then_o i_o consider_v the_o effect_n issue_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o proof_n viz._n assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_n myself_o what_o i_o do_v persuade_v and_o recommend_v to_o other_o i_o add_v seven_o demonstration_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a thesis_n in_o divers_a science_n and_o last_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o way_n and_o method_n of_o disputation_n and_o detect_v the_o weak_a stratagem_n and_o inefficacious_a attacques_n of_o fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o my_o endeavour_n in_o common_a but_o beside_o these_o many_o particular_a knowledge_n light_a in_o on_o the_o by_o and_o as_o i_o hope_v very_o useful_a one_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o enumerate_v the_o manner_n i_o use_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o scheme_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v not_o to_o propose_v my_o conception_n magisterial_o or_o to_o expect_v any_o one_o shall_v assent_v to_o the_o least_o tittle_n of_o what_o i_o say_v upon_o my_o word_n but_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n for_o every_o paragraph_n i_o advance_v if_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o need_v any_o by_o do_v which_o i_o speak_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o withal_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o the_o severe_a examination_n of_o the_o most_o acute_a and_o judicious_a wit_n of_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o those_o seminary_n of_o learning_n our_o two_o famous_a university_n to_o who_o i_o humble_o dedicate_v this_o small_a present_n i_o neither_o strive_v to_o ingratiate_v myself_o by_o my_o style_n nor_o to_o surprise_v any_o by_o plausible_a discourse_n much_o less_o to_o impose_v upon_o their_o understanding_n by_o voluntary_a supposition_n i_o draw_v now_o and_o then_o divers_a useful_a corollary_n and_o some_o that_o will_v seem_v i_o doubt_v not_o paradoxical_a that_o so_o i_o may_v carry_v on_o my_o doctrine_n to_o far_a consequence_n and_o show_v withal_o to_o what_o unthought-of_a conclusion_n reason_n will_v lead_v we_o if_o we_o follow_v she_o close_o and_o home_o nor_o be_o i_o ashamed_a to_o declare_v open_o that_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o science_n be_v to_o beget_v virtue_n and_o not_o only_o to_o raise_v we_o to_o high_a contemplation_n but_o also_o to_o comfort_v and_o strengthen_v divine_a faith_n in_o we_o and_o to_o make_v it_o more_o lively_a and_o operative_a whence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o excite_v my_o reader_n be_v devotion_n out_o of_o the_o reflection_n on_o divers_a point_n that_o seem_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v but_o dry_a speculation_n make_v account_n that_o good_a thought_n arise_v upon_o the_o spot_n but_o of_o truth_n new_o clear_v to_o our_o
than_o this_o which_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o physics_n i_o shall_v dare_v to_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n most_o ridiculous_a and_o most_o unintelligible_a foppery_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n and_o indeed_o how_o shall_v we_o make_v any_o clear_a idea_n of_o their_o matter_n when_o themselves_o speak_v contradiction_n concern_v it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v hereafter_o p._n 417._o where_o i_o shall_v hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o force_a silence_n open_v prevarication_n and_o perfect_a inconsistency_n in_o tell_v we_o the_o intrinsical_v nature_n of_o that_o first_o matter_n of_o they_o have_v render_v they_o utter_o incapable_a of_o explicate_v any_o body_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v we_o need_v any_o great_a confirmation_n that_o their_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v utter_o unprincipled_a and_o unaccountable_a in_o the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o than_o to_o observe_v that_o neither_o cartesius_n himself_o nor_o regius_n rohault_n regis_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr nor_o any_o of_o that_o school_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o have_v as_o i_o must_v think_v be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o any_o light_n of_o it_o since_o they_o neither_o attempt_v nor_o mention_v it_o which_o show_v they_o be_v at_o a_o utter_a loss_n about_o the_o primordial_a constitution_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o acknowledge_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v these_o few_o particular_n omit_v innumerable_a other_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o hint_n to_o show_v that_o the_o method_n to_o science_n which_o the_o great_a cartesius_n follow_v be_v utter_o incompetent_a to_o attain_v it_o and_o that_o the_o scheme_n of_o his_o doctrine_n be_v mere_o a_o piece_n of_o wit._n that_o which_o give_v it_o most_o credit_n be_v that_o his_o supposition_n grant_v he_o proceed_v consequent_o in_o the_o subsequent_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v pure_o mathematical_a but_o what_o signify_v that_o if_o he_o neither_o observe_v true_a logic_n in_o lay_v his_o principle_n nor_o nature_n in_o his_o physics_n which_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o do_v unless_o he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o intrinsecal_n constitution_n of_o his_o first_o matter_n upon_o which_o all_o depend_v a_o task_n i_o say_v again_o his_o follower_n neither_o will_v ever_o attempt_v nor_o can_v possible_o perform_v by_o his_o principle_n as_o be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o those_o kind_n of_o discourse_n be_v very_o plausible_a and_o take_v with_o the_o middling_a sort_n of_o reader_n and_o with_o such_o who_o be_v much_o please_v with_o a_o melodious_a gingle_n of_o word_n pretty_o lay_v together_o with_o neat_a eloquence_n acquaint_v wit_n and_o unusual_a remark_n for_o those_o kind_n of_o embellishment_n do_v divert_v the_o reader_n make_v the_o author_n pass_v for_o curious_a man_n and_o bear_v a_o fine_a appearance_n of_o truth_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v scan_v exact_o and_o grasp_v close_o by_o severe_a reason_n reduce_v they_o to_o principle_n and_o connexion_n of_o term_n which_o do_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o they_o afford_v to_o the_o learner_n who_o sincere_o seek_v for_o truth_n nothing_o but_o certain_a bright_a flash_n or_o coruscation_n which_o do_v indeed_o for_o a_o time_n dazzle_v the_o fancy_n but_o they_o settle_v in_o the_o judgement_n no_o constant_a steady_a light_n to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o way_n to_o true_a science_n far_o i_o must_v declare_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o our_o english_a genius_n that_o though_o we_o do_v not_o match_v the_o french_a in_o the_o finery_n gaiety_n and_o neatness_n of_o their_o deliver_v their_o conception_n a_o talon_n in_o which_o they_o be_v very_o excellent_a any_o more_o than_o we_o do_v in_o our_o outward_a garb_n and_o dress_n yet_o that_o there_o be_v more_o solid_a production_n well_o build_v truth_n and_o more_o judicious_a and_o ingenious_a thought_n of_o his_o own_o in_o our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n locke_n treatise_n entitle_v a_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n than_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v be_v find_v in_o great_a multitude_n of_o such_o slight_a discourser_n put_v together_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o other_o pretend_a method_n to_o science_n which_o be_v the_o way_n of_o experiment_n or_o induction_n concern_v which_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o i_o have_v occasional_o by_o way_n of_o reason_n allege_v against_o it_o in_o my_o follow_a book_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n show_v evident_o that_o this_o method_n alone_o and_o unassisted_a by_o principle_n be_v utter_o incompetent_a or_o unable_a to_o beget_v science_n for_o what_o one_o universal_a conclusion_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o know_v which_o kind_n of_o truth_n science_n consist_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o experiment_n since_o the_o the_o time_n that_o great_a man_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n write_v his_o natural_a history_n the_o very_a title_n of_o which_o laborious_a work_n show_v that_o himself_o do_v not_o think_v science_n be_v attainable_a by_o that_o method_n for_o if_o we_o reflect_v well_o on_o what_o manner_n such_o piece_n be_v write_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o he_o call_v it_o mere_o historical_a and_o narrative_a of_o particular_a observation_n from_o which_o to_o deduce_v universal_a conclusion_n be_v against_o plain_a logic_n and_o common_a sense_n to_o aim_v at_o science_n by_o such_o a_o method_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o study_n of_o find_v out_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o chemist_n light_v on_o many_o useful_a and_o promise_a thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o feed_v he_o with_o false_a hope_n and_o decoy_n he_o far_o but_o he_o still_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o end_n what_o man_n of_o any_o past_a or_o of_o our_o present_a curious_a age_n do_v ever_o so_o excel_v in_o those_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a researche_n as_o that_o honour_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o incomparable_a mr._n boyle_n yet_o after_o he_o have_v ransack_v all_o the_o hide_a recess_n of_o nature_n as_o far_o as_o that_o way_n can_v carry_v he_o he_o be_v still_o a_o sceptic_a in_o his_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n nor_o can_v with_o the_o utmost_a inquisitiveness_n practise_v by_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n arrive_v at_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o no_o and_o certain_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o science_n from_o such_o a_o method_n that_o can_v give_v we_o no_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o in_o such_o a_o space_n there_o be_v something_o or_o nothing_o which_o of_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o easy_o distinguishable_a and_o knowable_a last_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o experiment_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o nature_n be_v discover_v we_o be_v never_o the_o near_o know_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n into_o which_o we_o may_v certain_o refund_v it_o which_o and_o only_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o science_n for_o gassendus_fw-la will_v explicate_v it_o according_a to_o his_o principle_n cartesius_n according_a to_o he_o the_o noble_a sir_n kenelin_n digby_n and_o his_o most_o learned_a master_n albius_n who_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v follow_v the_o true_a aristotelian_a principle_n according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o assign_v the_o true_a natural_a cause_n for_o that_o effect_n and_o explicate_v it_o right_o must_v be_v decide_v by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v by_o demonstrate_v first_o who_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v true_a and_o solid_a and_o only_o he_o or_o they_o who_o can_v approve_v their_o principle_n to_o be_v such_o can_v pretend_v to_o explicate_v that_o natural_a production_n right_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o its_o proper_a cause_n or_o to_o have_v science_n how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o however_o the_o experimental_a man_n may_v be_v high_o commendable_a in_o other_o respect_n yet_o only_o those_o who_o can_v lay_v just_a claim_n to_o true_a principle_n and_o make_v out_o their_o title_n to_o they_o can_v be_v true_o hold_v natural_a philosopher_n which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_n can_v be_v a_o true_a method_n to_o science_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o man_n fail_n and_o return_v home_o to_o myself_o to_o obviate_v the_o superficial_a way_n of_o reason_n so_o magnify_v by_o other_o speculater_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a method_n and_o have_v lay_v my_o discourse_n as_o deep_a as_o i_o can_v possible_o and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v think_v i_o have_v overdo_v in_o those_o about_o identical_a proposition_n for_o which_o yet_o i_o shall_v hope_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v there_o for_o that_o
procedure_n will_v bear_v i_o out_o and_o justify_v i_o for_o the_o same_o inducement_n i_o have_v very_o frequent_o draw_v my_o argument_n from_o metaphysic_n be_v well_o assure_v that_o such_o medium_n do_v make_v the_o discourse_n build_v on_o they_o approach_v near_o to_o self-evidence_n nor_o do_v i_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o in_o a_o logical_a treatise_n i_o bring_v such_o instance_n and_o corollary_n as_o entrench_v upon_o and_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o divers_a other_o science_n rather_o i_o must_v profess_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o a_o precise_a duty_n in_o my_o circumstance_n because_o logic_n or_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v be_v a_o common_a instrument_n to_o attain_v all_o science_n i_o be_v to_o show_v how_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n to_o be_v apply_v to_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v so_o i_o do_v not_o make_v unreasonable_a excursion_n to_o hunt_v for_o they_o in_o foreign_a subject_n but_o that_o they_o light_v natural_o in_o my_o way_n last_o i_o think_v it_o become_v a_o lover_n of_o peace_n and_o union_n among_o christian_n to_o endeavour_v they_o shall_v not_o wrangle_v about_o equivocal_a word_n so_o their_o meaning_n be_v justifiable_a in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v connexion_n of_o term_n which_o i_o only_o esteem_v as_o proper_a to_o advance_v science_n where_o i_o find_v not_o such_o connexion_n and_o the_o discourse_n ground_v on_o self-evident_a principle_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o on_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o subject_a which_o engage_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o neither_o expect_v science_n can_v be_v gain_v nor_o the_o method_n to_o science_n establish_v but_o this_o do_v i_o make_v account_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o may_v be_v hope_v for_o how_o well_o i_o have_v behave_v myself_o in_o attempt_v this_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o proper_a umpire_n in_o such_o matter_n i_o mean_v yourselves_o your_o true_a honourer_n and_o humble_a servant_n i._o s._n the_o method_n to_o science_n book_n i._n lesson_n i._o of_o notion_n or_o the_o very_a first_o ground_n on_o which_o all_o science_n be_v build_v 1._o we_o experience_n that_o impression_n be_v make_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o that_o those_o impression_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o object_n that_o imprint_v they_o 2._o we_o experience_v also_o that_o those_o impression_n do_v not_o stay_v in_o the_o outward_a sense_n but_o reach_v the_o soul_n and_o affect_v it_o 3._o every_o thing_n be_v receive_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o receive_v it_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o capacity_n of_o knowledge_n hence_o those_o impression_n must_v so_o affect_v the_o soul_n as_o to_o cause_v some_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n in_o she_o how_o rude_a and_o imperfect_a soever_o it_o may_v yet_o be_v 4._o the_o impression_n from_o object_n that_o affect_v the_o sense_n and_o by_o they_o the_o soul_n do_v carry_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o those_o object_n along_o with_o they_o and_o imprint_v they_o in_o the_o soul_n which_o print_v or_o as_o it_o be_v stamp_n as_o receive_v in_o the_o understanding_n we_o call_v notion_n 5._o wherefore_o notion_n be_v the_o first_o and_o rude_a draught_n of_o knowledge_n be_v most_o simple_a and_o natural_o wrought_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o the_o stroke_n of_o occur_v object_n without_o any_o industry_n or_o active_a concurrence_n on_o our_o part_n 6._o that_o these_o notion_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o thing_n itself_o exist_v in_o we_o intellectual_o and_o not_o a_o bare_a idea_n or_o similitude_n of_o it_o appear_v hence_o evident_o that_o when_o we_o say_v interior_o or_o judge_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o likeness_n or_o idea_n of_o a_o stone_n be_v hard_a but_o the_o very_a stone_n itself_o and_o be_v it_o not_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v false_a for_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o stone_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v not_o hard_a whereas_o yet_o we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o proposition_n be_v true_a 7._o again_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o consider_v judge_n and_o discourse_n of_o the_o very_a thing_n itself_o and_o of_o its_o very_a nature_n which_o these_o be_v interior_a or_o immanent_a act_n breed_v and_o perfect_v within_o our_o soul_n we_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o the_o object_n of_o those_o act_n or_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o be_v there_o 8._o last_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o we_o have_v in_o our_o soul_n the_o full_a and_o complete_a sense_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o notion_n of_o every_o distinct_a part_n of_o it_o viz._n there_o be_v in_o i_o the_o idea_n or_o likeness_n of_o a_o stone_n therefore_o there_o be_v in_o i_o something_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n stone_n not_o only_o distinct_a from_o idea_n and_o likeness_n but_o moreover_o relative_o opposite_a to_o it_o as_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v to_o that_o which_o represent_v it_o which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o very_a stone_n itself_o 9_o nor_o need_v it_o cause_v any_o wonder_n that_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n may_v have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o exist_v one_o corporeal_a the_o other_o intellectual_a or_o spiritual_a since_o the_o thing_n v._n g._n peter_n 〈…〉_z abstract_n even_o from_o existence_n it_o self_n for_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o notion_n or_o mean_v of_o that_o word_n that_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o it_o exist_v or_o not_o exist_v much_o more_o than_o do_v the_o notion_n of_o thing_n abstract_n from_o that_o be_v be_v indifferent_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o exist_v 10._o the_o word_n notion_n simple_a apprehension_n conception_n and_o mean_v be_v all_o synonymous_a term_n they_o be_v call_v notion_n because_o they_o be_v the_o part_n or_o element_n of_o knowledge_n which_o put_v and_o consider_v together_o make_v cognition_n wâ—ich_a be_v proper_a and_o complete_a knowledge_n they_o be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n to_o distinguish_v they_o â—rom_o judgement_n which_o be_v compound_v of_o more_o notion_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o rather_o because_o by_o they_o we_o simple_o or_o bare_o apprehend_v that_o be_v say_v hold_v of_o or_o take_v into_o we_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o we_o afterwards_o judge_v or_o discourse_n they_o be_v call_v meaning_n because_o they_o affect_v the_o mind_n which_o only_o can_v mean_v or_o intend_v or_o else_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o word_n who_o meaning_n they_o be_v they_o be_v call_v conception_n in_o order_n to_o the_o power_n which_o impregnate_v by_o the_o object_n conceive_v or_o as_o it_o be_v breed_v they_o as_o the_o embryo_n of_o knowledge_n last_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o as_o be_v show_v they_o be_v such_o essential_o and_o formal_o in_o nothing_o differ_v from_o they_o but_o only_o that_o they_o connotate_v a_o new_a manner_n of_o exist_v which_o 6._o be_v extrinsecal_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o to_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o it_o the_o word_n idea_n be_v the_o least_o proper_a because_o it_o seem_v to_o signify_v a_o bare_a similitude_n unless_o the_o user_n of_o it_o will_v express_v themselves_o to_o take_v it_o in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o take_v the_o word_n notion_n here_o or_o as_o we_o use_v to_o understand_v it_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o divine_a intellect_n before_o they_o be_v create_v that_o be_v their_o very_a essence_n 11._o notion_n be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n not_o from_o the_o fewness_n of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o nor_o from_o their_o not_o have_v any_o grammatical_a composition_n or_o syntax_n in_o they_o but_o from_o the_o nature_n or_o manner_n of_o this_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n for_o since_o as_o be_v say_v they_o be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n because_o by_o they_o we_o simple_o or_o bare_o apprehend_v or_o lie_v hold_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n intellectual_o it_o matter_n not_o how_o many_o or_o how_o few_o the_o word_n be_v so_o we_o do_v no_o more_o than_o mere_o apprehend_v or_o take_v the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n or_o the_o notion_n into_o our_o mind_n without_o judge_v or_o discourse_v of_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v have_v a_o simple_a apprehension_n of_o a_o long_a sentence_n nay_o of_o a_o whole_a sermon_n or_o a_o great_a book_n as_o long_o as_o we_o do_v not_o set_v ourselves_o to_o judge_n or_o discourse_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o what_o be_v say_v or_o write_v but_o pure_o to_o apprehend_v the_o sense_n or_o mean_v of_o the_o speaker_n or_o writer_n 12._o notion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o
a_o good_a man_n here_o who_o be_v proper_o move_v will_v act_v towards_o one_o that_o petition_n he_o corol._n iu._n hence_o also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a for_o since_o we_o can_v no_o other_o wise_a name_n or_o speak_v of_o a_o thing_n but_o as_o we_o conceive_v it_o and_o all_o our_o conception_n be_v notion_n take_v from_o natural_a object_n and_o only_o say_v of_o they_o with_o propriety_n and_o no_o otherwise_o say_v of_o create_a spirit_n but_o only_o metaphorical_o and_o that_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n do_v far_o more_o excel_v create_v spirit_n than_o those_o spirit_n do_v body_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v make_v use_n of_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a as_o may_v be_v far_o show_v in_o metaphysic_n 12._o the_o word_n ens_fw-la as_o apply_v to_o substantial_a and_o accidental_a notion_n be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o equivocal_a word_n and_o analogical_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o be_v first_o and_o proper_o of_o substance_n and_o secondary_o or_o improper_o of_o accident_n for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o ens_fw-la signify_v capable_a of_o be_v and_o none_o of_o the_o accident_n be_v of_o itself_o capable_a of_o be_v but_o only_o come_v to_o have_v some_o title_n to_o existence_n by_o the_o substance_n from_o who_o be_v they_o have_v entire_o all_o the_o be_v they_o have_v and_o that_o its_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o word_n ens_fw-la must_v be_v analogical_o say_v of_o they_o that_o be_v proper_o of_o substance_n and_o improper_o of_o accident_n 13._o since_o it_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v say_v hitherto_o that_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n be_v most_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o science_n it_o be_v one_o necessary_a part_n of_o of_o the_o method_n to_o science_n to_o detect_v the_o snare_n it_o lay_v in_o the_o way_n of_o our_o discourse_n that_o we_o may_v avoid_v they_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v 14._o first_o by_o observe_v the_o explication_n we_o make_v of_o the_o word_n that_o be_v apply_v to_o different_a notion_n that_o so_o we_o may_v know_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o it_o for_o by_o do_v this_o we_o shall_v certain_o find_v that_o the_o less_o proper_a notion_n when_o the_o word_n be_v explicate_v will_v still_o include_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o proper_a one_o and_o bear_v up_o to_o it_o as_o if_o we_o will_v explicate_v the_o word_n strong_a as_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o ale_n or_o wine_n we_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o say_v if_o we_o be_v put_v to_o express_v ourselves_o literal_o and_o tell_v what_o it_o mean_v that_o as_o he_o be_v call_v a_o strong_a man_n who_o be_v able_a to_o overthrow_v his_o enemy_n so_o we_o call_v wine_n or_o beer_n strong_a when_o it_o be_v able_a to_o overpower_v our_o brain_n or_o if_o we_o call_v a_o man_n hard-hearted_a it_o will_v be_v explicate_v thus_o that_o his_o humour_n be_v as_o hard_a and_o inflexible_a consider_v the_o temper_n of_o a_o rational_a creature_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v move_v by_o reason_n as_o hard_a thing_n which_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o bend_v be_v among_o natural_a body_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o sometime_o call_v such_o man_n stonyhearted_n or_o iron-hearted_a in_o both_o which_o we_o see_v that_o strength_n be_v proper_o in_o man_n and_o hardness_n in_o such_o body_n as_o stone_n or_o iron_n and_o improper_o in_o wine_n or_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o word_n pilot_n apply_v to_o a_o governor_n in_o moved_n apply_v to_o god_n in_o healthful_a to_o meat_n or_o urine_n thus_o the_o word_n religious_a honour_n worship_n or_o respect_n be_v first_o and_o proper_o apprehend_v as_o belong_v or_o due_a to_o god_n the_o sole_a end_n and_o author_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o analogical_o or_o improper_o to_o holy_a person_n either_o on_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o his_o servant_n and_o to_o sacred_a book_n picture_n and_o church_n as_o either_o cause_v exciting_a increase_v or_o belong_v to_o the_o religious_a honour_n due_a proper_o to_o he_o alone_o whence_o religious_a honour_n give_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v explicate_v but_o in_o reference_n to_o god_n the_o only_a proper_a object_n of_o religion_n which_o therefore_o will_v be_v find_v include_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o religious_a honour_n which_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o yet_o what_o endless_a squabble_n contest_v and_o animosity_n have_v this_o one_o equivocation_n produce_v while_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a man_n will_v needs_o take_v the_o word_n religious_a when_o speak_v of_o those_o different_a thing_n to_o be_v vnivocal_a which_o be_v most_o clear_o analogical_a 15._o the_o next_o way_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o notion_n any_o way_n connect_v in_o our_o common_a speech_n with_o that_o word_n who_o equivocalness_n we_o doubt_v of_o that_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o cause_n effect_n antecedent_n consequent_n contrary_n its_o superior_a and_o inferior_a notion_n its_o circumstance_n etc._n etc._n for_o if_o some_o or_o any_o of_o these_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o the_o mean_v of_o any_o word_n when_o speak_v of_o more_o thing_n or_o find_v in_o diverse_a context_n than_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o be_v speak_v in_o diverse_a sense_n and_o be_v equivocal_a and_o then_o by_o the_o forego_n rule_n we_o may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v its_o proper_a signification_n so_o in_o the_o notion_n of_o religious_a honour_n apply_v to_o god_n as_o proper_o due_a to_o he_o and_o adoration_n of_o he_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o which_o be_v a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o he_o to_o be_v our_o creator_n redeemer_n sanctifier_n the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n and_o judge_n of_o all_o our_o action_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o these_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v connect_v or_o agree_v to_o any_o of_o the_o other_o improper_o call_v object_n of_o religious_a worship_n so_o when_o we_o style_v any_o eminent_a person_n for_o learning_n a_o great_a man_n we_o shall_v easy_o find_v it_o be_v equivocal_a and_o improper_a because_o greatness_n mean_v in_o proper_a speech_n much_o of_o quantity_n and_o have_v that_o common_a head_n for_o its_o genus_fw-la whereas_o a_o very_a little_a man_n in_o quantity_n may_v be_v great_a in_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o mean_v it_o 16._o the_o three_o way_n be_v to_o attend_v to_o what_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n teach_v we_o for_o since_o one_o truth_n can_v contradict_v another_o therefore_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o in_o case_n we_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o the_o writer_n mean_v be_v true_a his_o word_n must_v be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n hence_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n make_v two_o great_a light_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o science_n that_o other_o star_n be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n hence_o the_o word_n great_a light_n in_o that_o place_n can_v be_v mean_v of_o great_a in_o itself_o but_o as_o to_o their_o appearance_n to_o we_o but_o care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o we_o have_v true_a science_n of_o the_o thing_n express_v by_o such_o word_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o such_o as_o exceed_v our_o pitch_n of_o knowledge_n 17._o the_o context_n may_v help_v much_o to_o give_v we_o the_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o word_n especial_o when_o the_o literal_a truth_n be_v aim_v at_o axiom_n and_o evident_a principle_n be_v lay_v and_o the_o discourse_n be_v perfect_o connect_v or_o coherent_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o symmetry_n find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a discourse_n forbid_v any_o word_n to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o wrong_a signification_n as_o we_o experience_n in_o mathematics_n and_o other_o close_a discourse_n 18._o the_o intention_n of_o the_o author_n and_o the_o argument_n and_o scope_n of_o the_o book_n avail_n much_o to_o direct_v we_o to_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n in_o it_o which_o be_v most_o material_a and_o significant_a for_o the_o notion_n mean_v by_o such_o word_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o step_n which_o lie_v level_v all_o the_o way_n and_o lead_v to_o the_o end_n at_o which_o the_o author_n aim_v they_o and_o therefore_o can_v easy_o permit_v a_o deviation_n from_o their_o true_a sense_n or_o suffer_v their_o mean_v to_o be_v mistake_v 19_o the_o word_n in_o which_o law_n be_v conceive_v be_v best_a interpret_v by_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o those_o
or_o extreme_n of_o a_o proposition_n whence_o all_o truth_n be_v say_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n and_o if_o the_o term_n be_v not_o find_v to_o cohere_v the_o proposition_n be_v just_o hold_v to_o be_v false_a 6._o since_o proposition_n may_v be_v both_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o in_o word_n and_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o notion_n it_o follow_v hence_o so_o the_o word_n be_v not_o equivocal_a that_o mental_a and_o verbal_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o that_o it_o be_v in_o reality_n all_o one_o to_o treat_v they_o under_o either_o of_o these_o consideration_n therefore_o in_o regard_n we_o must_v use_v word_n in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v proposition_n and_o many_o time_n artificial_a one_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o they_o indifferent_o as_o take_v in_o either_o condition_n and_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n judgement_n sometime_o proposition_n as_o it_o light_v only_o let_v it_o be_v remember_v that_o judgement_n be_v only_o in_o the_o mind_n formal_o and_o true_o and_o in_o verbal_a proposition_n only_o as_o in_o sign_n of_o the_o mental_a one_o though_o even_o take_v they_o as_o in_o our_o understanding_n they_o have_v even_o there_o their_o subject_n copula_fw-la and_o predicate_fw-la as_o well_o as_o when_o they_o be_v pronounce_v or_o write_v in_o word_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v deduce_v that_o the_o rude_a vulgar_a nay_o even_o child_n who_o can_v speak_v or_o discourse_n may_v have_v mental_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o what_o answer_v to_o subject_a copula_fw-la and_o predicate_fw-la in_o their_o understanding_n though_o they_o can_v reflect_v or_o distinguish_v they_o and_o as_o it_o be_v dissect_v and_o anatomize_v their_o own_o thought_n and_o inward_a act_n as_o do_v man_n of_o art_n for_o example_n when_o a_o clown_n know_v or_o judge_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o place_n as_o london_n or_o a_o child_n that_o what_o it_o see_v be_v milk_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n the_o true_a though_o rough_a draught_n of_o these_o two_o proposition_n london_n be_v existent_a and_o this_o be_v milk_n and_o consequent_o of_o what_o correspond_v to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o those_o proposition_n after_o a_o natural_a manner_n though_o they_o can_v yet_o lick_v their_o rude_a embryo_n judgement_n into_o form_n or_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o perfect_a shape_n by_o distinguish_v in_o they_o these_o several_a part_n corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o though_o we_o can_v know_v the_o precise_a time_n in_o which_o child_n begin_v to_o judge_v yet_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v it_o must_v be_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v cognition_n or_o knowledge_n of_o common_a and_o familiar_a object_n and_o of_o their_o agreeableness_n to_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o first_o of_o all_o of_o that_o which_o be_v next_o to_o they_o and_o most_o knowable_a viz._n that_o themselves_o exist_v as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o judgement_n be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n result_v out_o of_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o know_v any_o object_n be_v agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a to_o they_o or_o that_o it_o exist_v they_o can_v but_o judge_n so_o after_o their_o dull_a fashion_n 6._o to_o proceed_v as_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o which_o only_o our_o notion_n be_v capable_a be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n and_o consist_v in_o their_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v so_o the_o formal_a verity_n of_o our_o judgement_n must_v be_v also_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v such_o as_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v whence_o truth_n be_v by_o some_o define_v to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n wherefore_o when_o we_o affirm_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o or_o to_o be_v such_o or_o such_o the_o true_a mean_v of_o that_o affirmation_n be_v that_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o those_o notion_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_a be_v find_v or_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o be_v and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v be_v false_a to_o affirm_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v the_o other_o 7._o wherefore_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n be_v which_o be_v the_o copula_fw-la be_v this_o that_o those_o word_n be_v fundamental_o connect_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o identify_v with_o it_o material_o however_o those_o notion_n themselves_o be_v formal_o different_a provide_v they_o be_v not_o incompossible_a for_o then_o the_o proposition_n must_v for_o the_o reason_n now_o give_v be_v necessary_o false_a as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o hard_a be_v find_v in_o that_o thing_n or_o suppositum_fw-la call_v a_o stone_n and_o be_v in_o part_n identify_v with_o it_o however_o the_o notion_n of_o stone_n and_o hard_o be_v formal_o distinct._n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v stone_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v hard._n 8._o the_o copula_fw-la be_v have_v always_o the_o sense_n now_o give_v except_o when_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o nothing_o which_o the_o adequate_a object_n of_o our_o understanding_n be_v ens_fw-la we_o be_v force_v to_o apprehend_v as_o thing_n even_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n we_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v otherwise_o as_o when_o we_o say_v imaginary_a species_n a_o chimaera_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o it_o express_v a_o kind_n of_o identity_n of_o the_o two_o nothing_o and_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o nonsense_n and_o that_o to_o put_v a_o space_n or_o quantity_n to_o be_v no_o quantity_n or_o to_o put_v a_o nonens_a to_o be_v ens_fw-la be_v contradictory_n and_o ridiculous_a and_o indeed_o these_o kind_n of_o proposition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o to_o say_v that_o nonens_a non_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la or_o what_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v can_v be_v 9_o the_o copula_fw-la be_v be_v the_o most_o proper_a to_o give_v we_o a_o clear_a intellectual_a light_n and_o by_o consequence_n to_o fix_v our_o judgement_n first_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v or_o actual_a be_v be_v impossible_a to_o admit_v any_o explication_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v self-known_a as_o any_o one_o may_v evident_o experience_n if_o he_o go_v about_o to_o explain_v it_o for_o he_o will_v find_v that_o he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o put_v be_v or_o some_o word_n that_o import_v actual_a be_v in_o its_o explication_n which_o make_v the_o explication_n to_o be_v none_o but_o leave_v it_o as_o obscure_a as_o it_o be_v before_o nay_o more_o obscure_a than_o former_o by_o add_v other_o notion_n more_o obscure_a than_o itself_o be_v for_o example_n ask_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v or_o exist_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v esse_fw-la extra_fw-la causas_fw-la where_o esse_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o existere_fw-la we_o vain_o endeavour_v to_o explicate_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o its_o self_n and_o to_o make_v it_o look_v like_o a_o explication_n we_o add_v extra_fw-la causas_fw-la which_o two_o notion_n be_v less_o clear_a than_o esse_fw-la itself_o be_v two_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v be_v most_o determinate_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o so_o most_o fix_v of_o its_o self_n and_o therefore_o most_o proper_a to_o fix_v the_o judgement_n three_o because_o all_o other_o notion_n have_v some_o potentiality_n and_o indifferency_n in_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v waver_v between_o two_o or_o more_o notion_n call_v difference_n whereas_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v have_v none_o be_v only_o absolute_o steady_a immovable_a or_o undeterminable_a to_o any_o other_o notion_n last_o because_o hence_o in_o literal_a and_o not_o figurative_a speech_n the_o word_n that_o express_v this_o notion_n can_v never_o be_v equivocal_a since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o distnguish_v it_o into_o this_o or_o that_o sense_n all_o distnguish_a or_o difference_v notion_n be_v evident_o more_o formal_a actual_a and_o determinate_a than_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v distinguish_v which_o be_v in_o this_o case_n impossible_a 10._o to_o proceed_v there_o be_v as_o be_v say_v a_o real_a relation_n between_o those_o notion_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v the_o late_a being_n real_o in_o the_o understanding_n as_o that_o which_o be_v say_v of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o former_a that_o of_o which_o it_o be_v say_v and_o relation_n be_v necessary_o complete_v and_o actual_o such_o by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o compare_v power_n it_o follow_v that_o every_o judgement_n be_v a_o refer_v or_o compare_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n to_o the_o other_o and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la of_o both_o of_o they_o to_o the_o same_o stock_n of_o be_v on_o which_o they_o be_v engraft_v or_o
we_o can_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o false_a judgement_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o avoid_v they_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o we_o settle_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a one_o hence_o that_o which_o concern_v we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o true_a judgement_n or_o truth_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o those_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n which_o we_o call_v first_o principles_n again_o since_o alâ—_n proposition_n be_v either_o evident_a or_o inevident_a and_o inevident_a or_o obscure_a one_o can_v avail_v we_o in_o our_o quest_n of_o science_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o evident_a proposition_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o or_o make_v use_n of_o by_o those_o who_o aim_v at_o scientifical_a knowledge_n wherefore_o since_o all_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v evident_a must_v either_o be_v self-evident_a or_o make_v evident_a which_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o proof_n and_o these_o latter_a must_v depend_v on_o the_o former_a for_o their_o eviâ—dence_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o all_o first_o principle_n as_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n must_v be_v self-evident_a proposition_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a term_n for_o be_v the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o before_o they_o out_o of_o whicâ—_n they_o may_v be_v deduce_v or_o make_v evident_a or_o into_o which_o their_o evidence_n if_o lesser_a may_v be_v resolve_v wherefore_o they_o must_v either_o not_o be_v evident_a at_o all_o which_o will_v destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o any_o evidence_n or_o they_o must_v be_v self-evident_a 3._o our_o knowledge_n may_v either_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o order_n by_o which_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o we_o at_o first_o or_o according_a to_o the_o dependence_n of_o one_o truth_n on_o another_o and_o the_o resolve_v they_o final_o into_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v the_o way_n that_o nature_n take_v to_o instill_v useful_a knowledge_n into_o we_o when_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v nothing_o the_o late_a be_v the_o method_n which_o art_n make_v use_v of_o to_o polish_v and_o promote_v those_o rude_a and_o short_a knowledge_n have_v from_o nature_n then_o to_o link_v many_o of_o those_o knowledge_n together_o and_o last_o to_o render_v they_o exact_a and_o evident_a by_o resolve_v they_o into_o first_o or_o self-evident_a principle_n to_o do_v which_o we_o call_v to_o beget_v science_n or_o to_o frame_v a_o science_n of_o they_o the_o former_a come_v by_o experience_n unreflect_o the_o late_a be_v attain_v by_o study_n and_o reflection_n and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o late_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o its_o first_o principle_n we_o intend_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o and_o the_o next_o lesson_n reserve_v the_o former_a consideration_n of_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n knowledge_n be_v first_o generate_v till_o lesson_n iu._n 4._o the_o self-evidence_n belong_v to_o first_o principle_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o two_o term_n must_v be_v formal_o identical_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o the_o term_n in_o every_o ordinary_a and_o inferior_a proposition_n nay_o in_o every_o conclusion_n that_o be_v true_a must_v be_v material_o the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o proposition_n itself_o material_o identical_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o they_o as_o be_v self-evident_a must_v be_v formal_o identical_a 5._o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n must_v noâ—_n only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n or_o be_v the_o same_o formal_a notion_n but_o it_o be_v moreover_o most_o convenient_a that_o they_o be_v such_o in_o the_o expression_n also_o thâ—â—_n be_v it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o those_o proposition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o word_n take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o since_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o the_o most_o clear_o expressive_a oâ—_n truth_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o least_o mistake_n and_o word_n be_v subject_a to_o equivocation_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v mistake_n obscurity_n and_o error_n hence_o first_o principle_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n as_o when_o we_o say_v hoâ—â—_n est_fw-la animal_n rationale_n but_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o in_o expression_n too_o as_o homâ—_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la sibi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o then_o whatever_o distinction_n in_o case_n of_o ambiguity_n affect_v the_o predicate_v must_v also_o affect_v the_o subject_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v not_o only_o remain_v still_o most_o formal_o but_o also_o most_o evident_o iâ—_n every_o regard_n identical_a note_v that_o though_o this_o be_v most_o convenient_a yet_o it_o may_v suffice_v that_o the_o term_n when_o explicate_v be_v reducible_a to_o the_o same_o formal_a expression_n by_o the_o same_o word_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o whole_o be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n for_n a_o whole_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o part_n and_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v hence_o a_o whole_a be_v all_o its_o part_n that_o be_v be_v one_o part_n and_o more_o than_o one_o part_n whence_o the_o proportion_n be_v reducible_a to_o this_o what_o be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n which_o be_v not_o only_o most_o formal_o but_o beside_o most_o evident_o identical_a 6._o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o itself_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a â—or_a if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n self_n which_o be_v soyn_v with_o existence_n be_v but_o understand_v and_o that_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o word_n to_o existence_n be_v not_o mean_v â—o_o signify_v any_o the_o least_o composition_n in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o â—imple_a and_o most_o uncompounded_a actuality_n that_o can_v â—e_v imagine_v then_o the_o same_o formality_n in_o every_o respect_n be_v predicate_v entire_o of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o most_o perfect_o self-evident_a and_o it_o be_v most_o supreme_o such_o because_o it_o express_v the_o existence_n of_o â—he_n deity_n which_o be_v infinite_o more_o simple_a and_o more_o necessary_o itself_o then_o any_o create_a existence_n can_v be_v again_o since_o every_o thing_n the_o more_o potential_a it_o be_v be_v more_o confuse_a that_o be_v less_o distinct_a and_o less_o intelligible_a and_o the_o more_o actual_a it_o be_v the_o more_o intelligible_a and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o â—s_v mean_v by_o self-existence_n be_v a_o most_o infinite_o pure_a actuality_n it_o follow_v that_o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o its_o self_n the_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v 7._o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v the_o most_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v take_v from_o create_a thing_n for_o since_o existence_n be_v the_o most_o evident_a notion_n that_o can_v be_v find_v among_o all_o our_o notion_n that_o can_v be_v have_v from_o creature_n that_o proposition_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o consequent_o among_o self-evident_a one_o the_o most_o self-evident_a in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la but_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v too_o be_v existence_n again_o since_o the_o clearness_n of_o all_o truth_n whatever_o depend_v on_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o word_n be_v it_o follow_v that_o unless_o the_o nature_n or_o notion_n of_o existence_n be_v first_o immovable_o fix_v or_o establish_v to_o be_v coherent_a with_o its_o self_n that_o be_v unless_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v self-evident_a no_o proposition_n whatever_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a clear_a or_o coherent_a and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o possibility_n of_o any_o truth_n certainty_n or_o evidence_n in_o the_o world_n last_o since_o both_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o the_o essence_n which_o be_v only_a capacity_n of_o be_v belong_v to_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v limit_v or_o apt_a to_o be_v create_v that_o be_v belong_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v only_o potential_a as_o to_o be_v they_o can_v have_v no_o claim_n thence_o to_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o free_a gift_n of_o he_o who_o be_v essential_a be_v hence_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o creature_n and_o their_o be_v such_o be_v take_v pure_o from_o god_n side_n and_o hold_v entire_o of_o he_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o
express_o or_o by_o consequence_n include_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n the_o formality_n of_o one_o be_v in_o some_o part_n the_o formality_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la corpus_fw-la mixtum_fw-la vivens_fw-la sensituum_fw-la be_v find_v in_o part_n to_o be_v formal_o in_o the_o entire_a notion_n of_o homo_fw-la the_o art_n of_o divide_v right_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v exact_a definition_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o proper_a difference_n that_o divide_v that_o common_a notion_n do_v constitute_v and_o integrate_a the_o definition_n note_v that_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v be_v immediate_a because_o otherwise_o it_o confound_v the_o intermemediate_v notion_n with_o the_o species_n and_o so_o give_v a_o less-distinct_a conception_n of_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v define_v hence_o ens_fw-la or_o vivens_fw-la rationale_n be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n of_o homo_fw-la because_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la do_v but_o confuse_o or_o in_o part_n speak_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o animal_n nor_o be_v rationale_n the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la 12._o hence_o dichotomy_n or_o a_o division_n make_v by_o two_o member_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o such_o a_o division_n the_o part_n if_o right_o express_v may_v be_v most_o easy_o see_v to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a that_o dichotomy_n in_o which_o the_o member_n be_v contradictory_n be_v the_o very_o best_a division_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v as_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la into_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a that_o be_v not-divisible_a of_o animal_n into_o rational_a and_o irrational_a that_o be_v not-rational_a of_o number_n into_o odd_a and_o even_o or_o not-odd_a for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o middle_a between_o contradictory_n it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o member_n than_o two_o and_o consequent_o that_o those_o two_o part_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a 13._o the_o whole_a definition_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o a_o division_n that_o be_v right_o make_v if_o take_v together_o may_v be_v a_o proper_a medium_fw-la for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o both_o of_o these_o take_v together_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a notion_n define_v and_o divide_v and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o middle_a term_n as_o that_o whole_a notion_n express_v by_o one_o word_n as_o by_o man._n animal_n etc._n etc._n v_o g._n every_o rational_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n every_o clown_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n therefore_o every_o clown_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n whatever_o be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n all_o number_n be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a therefore_o all_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n 14._o out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v see_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v science_n for_o since_o all_o knowledge_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o all_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n such_o as_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n distinct_o and_o clear_o represent_v and_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v do_v by_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v to_o science_n 15._o another_o use_n to_o be_v make_v of_o definition_n in_o order_n to_o demonstration_n be_v this_o when_o two_o notion_n by_o be_v remote_a seem_v in_o a_o manner_n disparate_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n be_v obscure_a we_o be_v to_o pursue_v home_o the_o definition_n of_o each_o of_o the_o term_n till_o something_o that_o be_v formal_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o of_o they_o which_o do_v all_o far_a disquisition_n cease_v and_o the_o point_n be_v demonstrate_v for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v prove_v that_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o word_n laudable_a signify_v deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o and_o practical_a self-evidence_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n tell_v we_o that_o our_o speech_n be_v nothing_o but_o sign_n agree_v on_o by_o mankind_n to_o express_v their_o thought_n that_o thing_n deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v well_o of_o and_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v or_o think_v or_o to_o true_a reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o right_o and_o good_a that_o be_v think_v well_o of_o to_o which_o add_v that_o virtue_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o disposition_n to_o act_n according_a to_o true_a reason_n it_o come_v to_o appear_v that_o virtuo_fw-la and_o laudable_a have_v something_o couch_v in_o their_o notion_n that_o be_v formal_o identical_a and_o that_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a be_v full_a as_o certain_a as_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o what_o be_v laudable_a be_v laudable_a which_o see_v perfect_a knowledge_n be_v have_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a that_o be_v it_o be_v the_o proposition_n evident_o conclude_v or_o demonstrate_v note_v hence_o that_o in_o resolve_v truth_n thus_o into_o first_o principle_n rigorous_a definition_n do_v not_o always_o need_v but_o explication_n of_o the_o two_o notion_n or_o of_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v the_o two_o term_n may_v serve_v so_o they_o be_v true_a and_o solid_a since_o no_o more_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n but_o to_o resolve_v the_o inferior_a truth_n and_o the_o notion_n that_o compound_v they_o into_o superior_a one_o for_o which_o reason_n also_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o a_o knowledge_n agree_v on_o by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o natural_a thought_n through_o converse_n with_o those_o natural_a object_n be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o be_v a_o solid_a knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v not_o lick_v into_o artificial_a shape_n whence_o it_o may_v suffice_v oftentimes_o without_o frame_v the_o demonstration_n couch_v in_o these_o discourse_n into_o a_o syllogistick_a method_n unless_o the_o form_n of_o the_o discourse_n be_v deny_v 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o 17._o hence_o every_o error_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o fect_a contradiction_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o it_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n as_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o so_o have_v a_o identical_a proposition_n for_o their_o base_n therefore_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n every_o error_n be_v a_o dis-conformity_n to_o the_o thing_n or_o a_o deviation_n from_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v must_v be_v ground_v on_o this_o as_o its_o first_o principle_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n 18._o hence_o follow_v necessary_o that_o if_o art_n and_o industry_n be_v not_o want_v every_o truth_n be_v reducible_a to_o a_o self_n evident_a or_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o these_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v the_o basâ—s_n or_o bottom-principle_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n and_o all_o inferior_a proposition_n derìve_v all_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n from_o the_o first_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n that_o be_v from_o identical_a proposition_n or_o contradiction_n it_o follow_v that_o either_o no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n can_v be_v final_o know_v or_o be_v knowable_a or_o provable_a to_o be_v such_o or_o else_o they_o must_v be_v reducible_a either_o to_o identical_a proposition_n or_o to_o contradiction_n as_o the_o test_n of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsity_n corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o learning_n be_v knowledge_n those_o man_n only_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v absolute_o speak_v true_a scholar_n or_o perfect_o learned_a who_o can_v thus_o settle_v truth_n and_o confute_v error_n that_o be_v thus_o demonstrate_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o position_n he_o maintain_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o disconformity_n of_o his_o adversary_n thesis_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a under_o dispute_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o unjust_o many_o man_n be_v esteem_v learned_a by_o the_o generality_n mere_o for_o their_o have_v read_v a_o multitude_n of_o author_n since_o the_o former_a know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n discourse_v of_o
erroneous_a or_o false_a but_o what_o be_v true_a can_v be_v false_a therefore_o a_o fallible_a testimony_n can_v be_v a_o ground_n or_o reason_n to_o prove_v a_o thing_n no_o better_o attest_v to_o be_v true_a note_v that_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v true_a can_v be_v false_a do_v hold_n in_o all_o truth_n but_o those_o which_o be_v in_o materia_fw-la contingenti_fw-la as_o when_o we_o say_v to_o day_n it_n rains_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v false_a to_o morrow_n when_o it_o be_v fair_a because_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n viz._n the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v be_v alter_v but_o this_o exception_n have_v no_o place_n in_o speculative_a truth_n which_o abstract_v from_o such_o contingency_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o our_o natural_a notion_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n which_o can_v alter_v 22._o therefore_o no_o fallible_a testimony_n can_v deserve_v assent_n to_o what_o it_o atte_v or_o say_v for_o since_o a_o fallible_a testimony_n may_v attest_v a_o falsehood_n and_o falsehood_n do_v deprave_v the_o understanding_n and_o to_o assent_v to_o a_o falsehood_n be_v a_o certain_a and_o actual_a depravation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o assent_v to_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v false_a be_v to_o hazard_v to_o deprave_v it_o and_o none_o ought_v to_o hazard_v such_o a_o injury_n to_o his_o soul_n especial_o when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o do_v himself_o that_o harm_n or_o of_o assent_v in_o such_o a_o case_n both_o because_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o suspending_a till_o we_o have_v evidence_n as_o also_o because_o no_o outward_a force_n can_v impel_v we_o to_o assent_v nor_o any_o interior_a force_n but_o that_o of_o clear_a evidence_n and_o a_o motive_n that_o may_v be_v false_a as_o fallible_a testimony_n may_v can_v lay_v claim_n to_o clear_a evidence_n either_o of_o its_o self_n or_o of_o its_o ground_n it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o testimony_n can_v deserve_v our_o hazard_n to_o embrace_v a_o error_n nor_o consequent_o to_o make_v we_o assent_v upon_o its_o attestation_n lesson_n x._o of_o disputation_n and_o paralogism_n disputation_n must_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o occasion_n and_o to_o the_o end_n we_o aim_v at_o which_o may_v be_v either_o to_o clear_a truth_n by_o combat_v our_o adversary_n with_o downright_a reason_n or_o only_o to_o gain_v a_o victory_n over_o the_o defendant_n by_o stratagem_n the_o manner_n of_o dispute_v may_v be_v show_v by_o put_v four_o case_n or_o circumstance_n which_o vary_v the_o method_n of_o it_o 1._o when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o false_a thesis_n the_o way_n to_o convince_v he_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a if_o the_o doctrine_n deliver_v above_o be_v well_o consider_v and_o dexterous_o make_v use_n of_o for_o if_o a_o fit_a middle_a term_n be_v take_v and_o right_o place_v the_o conclusion_n will_v necessary_o follow_v against_o he_o so_o that_o he_o will_v be_v certain_o overthrow_v and_o his_o cause_n lose_v but_o if_o the_o disputant_n be_v so_o skilful_a as_o to_o reduce_v his_o discourse_n to_o identical_a proposition_n he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o face_n to_o own_o his_o position_n any_o long_o the_o first_o light_n of_o nature_n stand_v so_o evident_o against_o he_o 2._o to_o know_v in_o what_o mood_n we_o be_v to_o frame_v our_o syllogism_n we_o must_v take_v the_o proposition_n which_o be_v contradictory_n to_o the_o defendant_n tenet_n and_o by_o the_o certain_a rule_n give_v as_o 2._o above_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o know_v in_o which_o of_o the_o four_o mood_n such_o a_o conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v prove_v for_o example_n suppose_v the_o defendant_n hold_v that_o some_o body_n be_v unchangeable_a you_o must_v take_v and_o prove_v the_o contradictory_n to_o it_o viz._n no_o body_n be_v unchangeable_a which_o be_v a_o universal_a negative_a and_o withal_o the_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o conclusion_n it_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v in_o celarent_fw-la as_o ceno_a divisible_a thing_n be_v unchangeable_a but_o la-every_a body_n be_v a_o divisible_a thing_n therefore_o rent-no_a body_n be_v unchangeable_a 3._o the_o same_o method_n must_v be_v take_v if_o the_o defendant_n absolute_o deny_v any_o of_o the_o premise_n of_o the_o first_o syllogism_n or_o any_o of_o the_o succeed_v one_o or_o if_o by_o distinguish_v he_o alter_v the_o more_o universal_a or_o ambiguous_a proposition_n to_o a_o more_o determinate_a one_o only_o you_o must_v not_o now_o take_v the_o contradictory_n to_o it_o as_o you_o do_v at_o first_o for_o than_o it_o be_v your_o adversary_n proposition_n which_o you_o be_v to_o disprove_v now_o it_o be_v your_o own_o which_o you_o be_v to_o prove_v and_o therefore_o you_o must_v take_v your_o measure_n now_o from_o itself_o for_o example_n if_o he_o deny_v the_o minor_a which_o be_v a_o universal_a affirmative_a you_o must_v prove_v it_o in_o barbara_n thus_o every_o quantitative_a thing_n be_v divisible_a but_o every_o body_n be_v a_o quantitative_a thing_n therefore_o every_o body_n be_v divisible_a 4._o beside_o the_o have_v a_o middle_a term_n and_o know_v in_o what_o form_n to_o argue_v some_o other_o rule_n must_v be_v observe_v 1._o get_v a_o exact_a notion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n under_o debate_n that_o be_v consider_v well_o in_o what_o common_a head_n they_o be_v and_o how_o define_v which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o look_v attentive_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o this_o will_v best_o furnish_v you_o with_o proper_a medium_n 2._o agree_v beforehand_o with_o the_o defendant_n about_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n which_o express_v those_o term_n which_o be_v the_o most_o solid_a way_n of_o state_v the_o question_n and_o of_o avoid_v wordish_a distinction_n 3._o see_v the_o medium_n be_v proper_a or_o immediate_a otherwise_o not_o be_v well_o connect_v they_o can_v conclude_v certain_o although_o the_o form_n be_v right_a 4._o take_v heed_n of_o equivocation_n of_o word_n for_o otherwise_o you_o will_v hazard_v to_o be_v carry_v aside_o from_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n and_o lose_v sight_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o mistake_v one_o notion_n for_o another_o and_o so_o you_o will_v be_v certain_o nonplus_v and_o the_o long_a you_o dispute_v the_o far_a still_o you_o will_v err_v 5._o observe_v well_o the_o doctrine_n of_o divide_v right_a and_o be_v sure_a that_o each_o member_n of_o the_o distinction_n he_o bring_v have_v in_o it_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o term_n divide_v or_o distinguish_v otherwise_o he_o will_v baffle_v and_o confound_v you_o with_o impertinent_a distinction_n introduce_v a_o new_a question_n and_o put_v you_o beside_o your_o argument_n for_o example_n if_o he_o distinguish_v space_n into_o real_a and_o imaginary_a and_o obtain_v of_o you_o to_o admit_v imaginary_a space_n for_o one_o kind_n of_o space_n which_o be_v in_o reality_n nothing_o he_o will_v defeat_v your_o argument_n and_o put_v you_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o air_n while_n by_o get_v you_o to_o admit_v non_fw-fr ens_fw-la for_o ens_fw-la he_o may_v answer_v or_o say_v any_o thing_n you_o have_v lose_v all_o your_o strength_n when_o you_o forego_v nature_n and_o suffer_v your_o natural_a notion_n to_o be_v pervert_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o ens_fw-la into_o positivum_fw-la and_o negativum_fw-la which_o be_v plain_o to_o distinguish_v ens_fw-la into_o ens_fw-la and_o non_fw-la ens._n 6._o when_o the_o defendant_n grant_v any_o thing_n then_o to_o lay_v up_o in_o careful_a memory_n his_o own_o concession_n and_o make_v use_n of_o they_o against_o he_o to_o force_v he_o to_o admit_v truth_n or_o retract_v for_o otherwise_o he_o may_v perhaps_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o dispute_n yield_v candid_o to_o diverse_a thing_n which_o afterward_o when_o he_o find_v himself_o pinch_v and_o reduce_v to_o straits_n he_o will_v flat_o deny_v 7._o to_o be_v true_a to_o your_o cause_n and_o to_o seek_v the_o victory_n of_o truth_n over_o error_n rather_o than_o your_o own_o over_o your_o adversary_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v he_o still_o to_o the_o point_n and_o to_o pursue_v the_o eviction_n of_o that_o and_o not_o leave_v that_o pursuit_n to_o catch_v the_o adversary_n at_o advantage_n and_o follow_v on_o that_o game_n to_o show_v he_o weak_a and_o self-contradictory_a though_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o hint_n and_o then_o wave_v it_o as_o be_v the_o less-laudable_a way_n of_o those_o who_o fall_v to_o argue_v ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o repute_n of_o the_o person_n happen_v to_o weigh_v more_o with_o his_o follower_n than_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_n and_o that_o he_o be_v hold_v obstinate_a and_o to_o want_v candour_n it_o may_v be_v a_o duty_n to_o truth_n and_o
now_o may_v walk_v hereafter_o a_o example_n of_o the_o late_a may_v be_v this_o two_o and_o three_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n five_o be_v two_o and_o three_o therefore_o five_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o two_o and_o three_o be_v take_v divisive_o whereas_o in_o the_o minor_a they_o be_v take_v conjoint_o or_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o five_o be_v 6._o not_o two_o and_o three_o formal_o but_o only_o material_o in_o which_o sense_n aristotle_n say_v that_o bis_n tria_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sex_n 16._o the_o seven_o fallacy_n be_v when_o the_o opponent_n argue_v à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la which_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n be_v the_o erroneous_a principle_n that_o beget_v the_o vice_n of_o pride_n and_o therefore_o be_v peculiar_a to_o all_o proud_a people_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o pride_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o know_v what_o endowment_n any_o one_o true_o have_v or_o esteem_v himself_o as_o have_v such_o endowment_n for_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n and_o do_v he_o not_o know_v it_o and_o what_o degree_n of_o perfection_n it_o add_v to_o he_o he_o will_v neither_o strive_v to_o perfect_v himself_o nor_o know_v how_o much_o he_o be_v particular_o bind_v to_o love_n and_o thank_v god_n who_o bestow_v on_o he_o those_o accomplishment_n or_o advantage_n above_o other_o but_o pride_n as_o all_o other_o vice_n have_v have_v a_o lie_n for_o its_o principle_n and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o a_o proud_a person_n over_o value_v himself_o and_o prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o that_o be_v conclude_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o very_o best_a or_o better_o than_o other_o and_o to_o deserve_v more_o esteem_n than_o they_o because_o he_o be_v good_a or_o estimable_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la or_o in_o some_o particular_a which_o be_v far_o short_a of_o render_v he_o so_o high_o estimable_a thus_o some_o self-conceited_a lady_n esteem_v or_o conclude_v herself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a woman_n in_o all_o the_o country_n because_o she_o have_v a_o new-fashioned_a gown_n or_o be_v fine_a handsome_a or_o rich_a than_o other_o thus_o a_o king_n or_o lord_n prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o because_o he_o have_v more_o power_n or_o can_v reckon_v up_o more_o title_n than_o other_o can_v thus_o a_o great_a scholar_n who_o be_v proud_a value_v himself_o absolute_o to_o be_v better_o than_o those_o who_o be_v unlearned_a whereas_o a_o poor_a ignorant_a ragged_a beggar_n who_o have_v more_o virtue_n or_o love_n of_o god_n in_o he_o have_v more_o intrinsic_a worth_n in_o he_o and_o be_v absolute_o speak_v more_o valuable_a than_o any_o or_o all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o their_o gayness_n beauty_n riches_n knowledge_n honour_n and_o power_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o only_o good_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la and_o he_o be_v for_o his_o sanctity_n good_a and_o valuable_a simpliciter_fw-la 17._o thus_o much_o concern_v those_o fallacy_n that_o be_v worth_a note_n if_o indeed_o any_o of_o they_o do_v much_o deserve_v it_o for_o i_o can_v discern_v but_o that_o if_o the_o rule_n for_o distinguish_v our_o notion_n of_o predicate_v one_o of_o they_o of_o another_o and_o last_o the_o right_a method_n of_o argue_v both_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o syllogism_n be_v observe_v exact_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o they_o that_o can_v require_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o so_o elaborate_o or_o make_v such_o a_o pother_n about_o they_o as_o author_n do_v the_o agree_v with_o our_o adversary_n about_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v forestall_v those_o fallacy_n of_o ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o beg_v the_o question_n last_o the_o doctrine_n give_v above_o how_o to_o detect_v the_o equivocation_n of_o single_a word_n will_v prevent_v any_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v take_v from_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o term_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o predicate_v by_o show_v how_o a_o word_n that_o be_v univocal_a take_v single_a may_v become_v equivocal_a by_o be_v join_v to_o different_a subject_n will_v defeat_v all_o stratagem_n that_o lurk_v secret_o in_o such_o proposition_n 15._o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o first_o fallacy_n §_o 9_o the_o doctrine_n of_o use_v only_o such_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v either_o essential_a or_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n render_v ineffectual_a the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accidenti_fw-la as_o also_o those_o of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causâ_fw-la and_o à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la the_o common_a doctrine_n concern_v division_n viz._n that_o its_o member_n be_v adequate_a to_o the_o notion_n divide_v make_v void_a and_o insignificant_a that_o fallacy_n call_v mala_fw-la enumeratio_fw-la partium_fw-la in_o a_o word_n let_v but_o the_o rule_v give_v here_o be_v wary_o observe_v and_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a the_o defender_n of_o truth_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v by_o any_o fallacious_a manner_n of_o argue_v but_o it_o will_v either_o be_v see_v that_o the_o term_n be_v ambiguous_a or_o which_o general_o happen_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n and_o so_o be_v no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n the_o subtle_a of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o first_o for_o the_o single_a word_n animal_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n both_o in_o the_o major_n and_o minor_a and_o have_v the_o same_o definition_n in_o both_o place_n and_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a subject_n it_o be_v not_o predicate_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o according_a to_o different_a part_n of_o its_o entire_a notion_n or_o signification_n whence_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n in_o sense_n that_o be_v in_o reality_n or_o in_o our_o mind_n where_o syllogism_n be_v only_o proper_o and_o formal_o however_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v the_o same_o material_o 18._o the_o syllogism_n which_o be_v imply_v in_o every_o practical_a judgement_n of_o a_o sinner_n have_v four_o term_n or_o else_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o himself_o be_v false_a and_o therefore_o both_o it_o and_o the_o action_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o be_v a_o deviation_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o a_o perversion_n of_o human_a nature_n v_o g._n justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o my_o enemy_n who_o injure_v i_o be_v justice_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o of_o my_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o i_o may_v revenge_v myself_o where_o the_o major_n be_v true_a so_o be_v the_o minor_a but_o when_o the_o injure_a person_n come_v to_o conclude_v instead_o of_o the_o true_a conclusion_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o he_o that_o injure_v i_o be_v to_o be_v do_v which_o abstract_n from_o who_o be_v to_o take_v that_o satisfaction_n or_o revenge_n whether_o himself_o or_o the_o magistrate_n who_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o proper_a revenger_n of_o injury_n his_o passion_n and_o not_o right_a reason_n cog_v in_o a_o four_o term_n not_o find_v in_o the_o premise_n viz._n satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o practical_a judgement_n of_o any_o other_o sinner_n whether_o their_o sin_n be_v theft_n incontinency_n rebellion_n etc._n etc._n corol._n iii_o hence_o all_o right_n reason_v which_o cause_v science_n and_o truth_n be_v also_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o parent_n of_o virtue_n and_o can_v dictate_v nothing_o but_o what_o tend_v to_o true_a morality_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o false_a reason_v do_v natural_o and_o necessary_o beget_v error_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o error_n lead_v to_o vice_n appendix_n the_o grand_a controversy_n concern_v formal_a mutation_n decide_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a school_n common_a 1._o the_o main_n hinge_v on_o which_o the_o great_a contest_v between_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o antiperipatetick_n turn_v be_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v that_o composition_n and_o division_n in_o natural_a body_n call_v formal_a and_o consequent_o formal_a mutation_n the_o corpuscularian_a philosopher_n and_o atomist_n deny_v there_o be_v any_o mutation_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o they_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v only_o a_o extrinsecal_n application_n of_o particle_n figure_v move_v and_o place_v in_o various_a manner_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o whole_a contexture_n of_o natural_a body_n be_v a_o mere_a mechanism_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o peripatetic_n by_o which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o common_a schoolman_n but_o those_o who_o take_v pain_n to_o understand_v aristotle_n either_o by_o his_o own_o book_n or_o by_o his_o first_o interpreter_n do_v grant_v some_o kind_n of_o particle_n and_o minima_fw-la