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the_o first_o person_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o who_o have_v observe_v and_o acquaint_v the_o world_n in_o what_o knowledge_n or_o certainty_n do_v consist_v by_o which_o discovery_n he_o have_v do_v mankind_n so_o great_a a_o kindness_n in_o direct_v man_n plain_o to_o the_o most_o certain_a easy_a â—and_v speedy_a way_n to_o attain_v knowledge_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o and_o how_o to_o bound_v their_o inquiry_n so_o as_o not_o to_o spend_v their_o labour_n in_o fruitless_a endeavour_n to_o know_v what_o be_v out_o of_o humane_a reach_n and_o what_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o certainty_n in_o that_o man_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v he_o thanks_o enough_o for_o the_o good_a office_n he_o have_v do_v to_o the_o world_n nor_o to_o testify_v sufficient_a praise_n unto_o god_n for_o the_o light_n and_o favour_n he_o have_v reach_v forth_o and_o impart_v unto_o mankind_n by_o he_o §_o ix_o the_o second_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v think_v faulty_a in_o mr._n lock_v '_o be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n be_v this_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n and_o think_v but_o possible_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a tâ—_n know_v whether_o any_o mere_a material_a be_v think_v oâ—_n no_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o by_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n without_o revelation_n to_o discover_v whether_o omnspotency_n have_v not_o give_v to_o some_o systemâ—_fw-la of_o matter_n fit_o dispose_v a_o power_n to_o perceive_v anâ—_n think_v or_o else_o join_v and_o fix_v to_o matter_n so_o dispose_v a_o think_v immaterial_a substance_n it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o notion_n not_o much_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o comprehension_n to_o conceive_v that_o god_n can_v if_o he_o please_v superadd_a to_o our_o idea_n of_o matter_n a_o faculty_n of_o think_v than_o that_o he_o shall_v
some_o consideration_n on_o the_o principal_a objection_n and_o argument_n which_o have_v be_v publish_a against_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n by_o samvel_n bold_a rector_n of_o steeple_n dorset_n re_fw-mi enim_fw-la intellecta_fw-la in_fw-la verborum_fw-la usu_fw-la faciles_fw-la esse_fw-la debemus_fw-la cic._n de_fw-fr fin._n l._n 3._o london_n print_v for_o a._n and_o i._n churchill_n at_o the_o black_a swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n 1699._o some_o consideration_n on_o the_o principal_a objection_n and_o argument_n which_o have_v be_v publish_a against_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n §_o i._o it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n i_o conceive_v to_o any_o book_n nor_o a_o attribute_v more_o to_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n than_o it_o most_o just_o deserve_v to_o say_v that_o essay_n be_v a_o book_n the_o best_a adapt_v of_o any_o i_o know_v to_o serve_v the_o interest_n of_o truth_n natural_a moral_a and_o divine_a and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o worthy_a most_o noble_a and_o best_a book_n i_o ever_o read_v except_v those_o which_o be_v write_v by_o person_n divine_o inspire_v this_o excellent_a treatise_n have_v be_v publish_v several_a year_n and_o receive_v through_o all_o the_o learned_a world_n with_o very_o great_a approbation_n by_o those_o who_o understand_v english_a a_o mighty_a out_o cry_v be_v at_o last_o all_o on_o the_o sudden_a raise_v against_o it_o here_o at_o home_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n some_o reason_n or_o other_o why_o so_o many_o hand_n shall_v be_v employ_v just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o attack_v and_o batter_v this_o essay_n though_o what_o be_v the_o weighty_a consideration_n which_o put_v they_o all_o in_o motion_n may_v perhaps_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o secret_n several_a person_n have_v discover_v their_o inclination_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o this_o treatise_n by_o nibble_v at_o several_a passage_n in_o it_o which_o it_o appear_v 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usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n b._n 4._o c._n 6._o §_o 3._o second_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n and_o think_v but_o possible_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o know_v whether_o any_o mere_a natural_a be_v think_v or_o no_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o by_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n without_o revelation_n to_o discover_v whether_o omnipotency_n have_v not_o give_v to_o some_o system_n of_o matter_n fit_o dispose_v a_o power_n to_o perceive_v and_o think_v or_o else_o join_v and_o fix_v to_o matter_n so_o dispose_v a_o think_v immaterial_a substance_n it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o notion_n not_o much_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o comprehension_n to_o conceive_v that_o god_n can_v if_o he_o please_v superadd_a to_o our_o idea_n of_o matter_n a_o faculty_n of_o think_v than_o that_o he_o shall_v superadd_a to_o it_o another_o substance_n with_o a_o 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degree_n of_o sense_n perception_n and_o thought_n though_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v lib._n 4._o c._n 10._o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v matter_n which_o be_v evident_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n void_a of_o sense_n and_o thought_n shall_v be_v that_o eternal_a first_o think_v be_v §_o iii_o against_o the_o first_o passage_n viz._n certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n there_o be_v two_o charge_n exhibit_v first_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v not_o true_a in_o consequence_n of_o which_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n be_v condemn_v as_o no_o way_n at_o all_o to_o certainty_n or_o knowledge_n and_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o to_o argue_v or_o make_v inference_n from_o maxim_n be_v the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n or_o certainty_n second_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o and_o of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n §_o iv._o first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o proposition_n be_v not_o true_a now_o in_o oâ—der_a to_o make_v a_o right_a determination_n whether_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o no_o it_o may_v be_v â—it_a to_o consider_v in_o what_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o proposition_n do_v consist_v for_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v allow_v that_o our_o be_v certain_a of_o or_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o proposition_n do_v consist_v in_o our_o perceive_v that_o wherein_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n doâ—h_v consist_v otherwise_o we_o may_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o proposition_n be_v true_a though_o it_o be_v not_o true_a which_o carry_v such_o a_o sound_n with_o it_o i_o conceive_v few_o will_v be_v ambitious_a to_o grant_v it_o whatever_o way_n they_o take_v to_o attain_v to_o certainty_n the_o truth_n of_o a_o proposition_n consist_v in_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o the_o 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the_o truth_n of_o what_o be_v express_v perception_n be_v of_o so_o little_a moment_n or_o use_v to_o certainty_n or_o knowledge_n that_o those_o who_o can_v digest_v that_o notion_n may_v easy_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o matter_n consider_v mere_o as_o a_o extend_a bulky_a figure_v substance_n may_v be_v certain_a of_o or_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o proposition_n though_o it_o can_v think_v or_o perceive_v this_o i_o suppose_v may_v suffice_v to_o manifest_v that_o mr._n lock_n be_v proposition_n be_v true_a and_o consequent_o that_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n be_v a_o sure_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a way_n to_o certainty_n or_o knowledge_n so_o far_o as_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o attain_v to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o proposition_n yet_o because_o another_o way_n to_o certainty_n or_o knowledge_n be_v propose_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n viz._n the_o way_n of_o maxim_n or_o of_o argue_v and_o make_v or_o draw_v inference_n from_o maxim_n i_o will_v 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certainty_n he_o have_v already_o obtain_v by_o lay_v before_o they_o in_o a_o train_n of_o proposition_n the_o connection_n of_o all_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v tie_v together_o for_o a_o person_n to_o make_v a_o deduction_n rational_o do_v suppose_v his_o be_v certain_a or_o know_v or_o perceive_v that_o what_o he_o deduce_v have_v such_o a_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o proposition_n from_o which_o he_o doâ—h_v deduce_v it_o as_o his_o inference_n do_v express_v if_o a_o man_n will_v infer_v and_o make_v deduction_n rational_o he_o must_v antecedent_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n about_o which_o he_o be_v concern_v otherwise_o he_o can_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o make_v deduction_n and_o if_o he_o do_v make_v deduction_n and_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v rational_a it_o be_v mere_o by_o chance_n that_o they_o do_v so_o and_o he_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o have_v make_v they_o 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superadd_a to_o it_o another_o subâ—stance_n with_o a_o faculty_n of_o think_v since_o we_o know_v not_o wherein_o think_v consist_v nor_o to_o what_o sort_n oâ—_n substance_n the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o give_v thaâ—_n power_n which_o can_v be_v in_o any_o create_v be_v buâ—_n mere_o by_o the_o good_a pleasure_n and_o bounty_n of_o the_o creator_n etc._n etc._n essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n b._n 4._o c._n 3._o §_o 6._o against_o this_o passage_n two_o thing_n be_v offer_v first_o it_o be_v suggest_v that_o it_o be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o soul_n immortality_n or_o at_o least_o take_v off_o very_o much_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o its_o immortality_n second_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o matter_n it_o may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a §_o x._o first_o it_o be_v suggest_v that_o what_o mr._n lock_n have_v here_o say_v be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o soul_n immortality_n or_o at_o least_o take_v off_o very_o much_o from_o 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immaterial_a §_o xi_o mr._n lock_n do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v material_a he_o own_v that_o we_o have_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o probability_n that_o it_o be_v immaterial_a but_o that_o we_o can_v attain_v to_o demonstrative_a certainty_n or_o knowledge_n by_o compare_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n and_o think_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n though_o we_o may_v this_o way_n know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o spiritual_a substance_n what_o mr._n lock_n say_v be_v this_o we_o can_v by_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n without_o revelation_n discover_v whether_o omnipotency_n have_v not_o give_v to_o some_o system_n of_o matter_n fit_o dispose_v a_o power_n to_o perceive_v and_o think_v or_o that_o we_o can_v demonstrative_o prove_v by_o mere_a principle_n of_o reason_n or_o philosophy_n either_o the_o materiality_n or_o immateriality_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o that_o the_o point_n be_v above_o our_o reason_n and_o what_o we_o can_v be_v full_o assure_v of_o but_o by_o divine_a revelation_n for_o this_o his_o assertion_n he_o have_v produce_v some_o reason_n which_o hauâ—_n not_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v invalid_a or_o weak_a by_o any_o of_o those_o author_n i_o have_v see_v who_o have_v declare_v their_o dislike_n of_o this_o assertion_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n he_o have_v give_v for_o his_o assertion_n can_v be_v refute_v but_o be_v solid_a and_o unanswerable_a it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o prove_v that_o his_o assertion_n may_v just_o be_v blame_v to_o prove_v mr._n lock_n be_v proposition_n false_a either_o the_o materiality_n or_o immateriality_n of_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v demonstrative_o prove_v for_o he_o deny_v that_o either_o of_o they_o can_v be_v demonstrative_o prove_v the_o sure_a way_n to_o prove_v the_o falseness_n of_o a_o proposition_n which_o deny_v that_o a_o thing_n can_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o thing_n i_o know_v a_o attempt_n have_v be_v make_v by_o one_o who_o condemn_v the_o way_n of_o idea_n as_o no_o way_n at_o all_o to_o certainty_n to_o demonstrate_v that_o matter_n can_v think_v or_o that_o god_n can_v superadd_n to_o any_o system_fw-la of_o matter_n a_o power_n of_o think_v which_o demonstration_n be_v manage_v in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n but_o though_o what_o be_v offer_v there_o for_o demonstration_n will_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o solidity_n be_v not_o a_o power_n of_o think_v if_o that_o need_v proof_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o do_v not_o afford_v any_o sort_n of_o evidence_n that_o omnipotency_n can_v superadd_n both_o solidity_n and_o a_o power_n of_o think_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o substance_n which_o be_v the_o point_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v beside_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n be_v condemn_v as_o no_o way_n at_o all_o to_o certainty_n those_o who_o be_v of_o that_o mind_n can_v with_o any_o reason_n pretend_v that_o what_o have_v be_v offer_v for_o a_o demonstration_n of_o this_o point_n be_v â—eally_o a_o demonstration_n of_o it_o for_o if_o they_o can_v think_v it_o to_o be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o point_n they_o can_v avoid_v be_v oblige_v to_o renounce_v their_o other_o thought_n and_o think_v the_o quite_o contrary_a whether_o they_o may_v judge_v it_o proper_a and_o convenient_a to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o open_o or_o no._n if_o what_o have_v be_v offer_v for_o a_o demonstration_n of_o this_o point_n be_v real_o a_o demonstration_n of_o it_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n be_v undoubted_o a_o way_n to_o certainty_n yea_o and_o a_o way_n to_o certainty_n about_o a_o point_n which_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v can_v be_v demonstrate_v any_o other_o way_n §_o xii_o 3._o if_o the_o soul_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o material_a substance_n what_o follow_v those_o word_n in_o the_o objection_n may_v perhaps_o pass_v with_o some_o for_o a_o plain_a truth_n but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v comprehend_v how_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v life_n shall_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o material_a substance_n for_o life_n be_v no_o part_n of_o nor_o have_v any_o necessary_a connection_n with_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o these_o word_n material_a substance_n nor_o do_v i_o perceive_v any_o necessity_n that_o a_o material_a substance_n endue_v with_o life_n must_v lose_v its_o life_n because_o by_o some_o accident_n or_o within_o a_o certain_a period_n the_o gross_a and_o sensible_a part_n of_o it_o must_v fall_v off_o from_o those_o more_o fine_a and_o insensible_a part_n which_o god_n have_v order_v to_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o life_n and_o those_o who_o think_v they_o can_v prove_v demonstrative_o that_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o create_v immaterial_a substance_n must_v take_v heed_n of_o affirm_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o create_v immaterial_a substance_n lest_o that_o assertion_n prove_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n for_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o create_v immaterial_a substance_n it_o be_v not_o a_o spiritual_a or_o think_v substance_n for_o the_o power_n of_o think_v be_v a_o power_n which_o god_n superadd_v to_o our_o idea_n whether_o of_o material_a or_o create_v immaterial_a substance_n and_o which_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o can_v have_v but_o mere_o by_o the_o good_a pleasure_n and_o bounty_n of_o the_o creator_n as_o mr._n lock_v most_o judicious_o and_o pious_o observe_v but_o mr._n lock_n do_v not_o any_o where_o say_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o material_a substance_n or_o that_o we_o can_v know_v by_o contemplate_v our_o idea_n that_o the_o soul_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o material_a substance_n indeed_o mr._n lock_n have_v these_o word_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n and_o think_v but_o possible_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o know_v whether_o any_o material_a be_v think_v or_o no._n from_o these_o word_n any_o mere_a material_a be_v some_o may_v perhaps_o in_o their_o haste_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o think_v that_o mr._n lock_n be_v notion_n be_v that_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v know_v the_o soul_n may_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o material_a substance_n to_o rectify_v which_o mistake_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o note_v that_o mere_a material_a in_o mr._n lock_n be_v sense_n be_v not_o oppose_v to_o a_o power_n of_o think_v which_o we_o can_v know_v but_o god_n may_v supperadd_a to_o our_o idea_n of_o matter_n but_o to_o a_o immaterial_a substance_n consider_v as_o join_v to_o a_o material_a be_v §_o xiii_o 4._o it_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o comprehend_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o these_o word_n it_o take_v off_o very_o much_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o immortality_n if_o it_o depend_v whole_o upon_o god_n give_v that_o which_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o for_o no_o