which_o be_v not_o true_a that_o be_v you_o see_v it_o to_o be_v otherwise_o than_o in_o effect_n and_o reality_n it_o be_v and_o consequent_o that_o pretend_a sight_n or_o perception_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v a_o palpable_a error_n and_o mistake_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judgement_n issue_v from_o it_o must_v be_v false_a which_o instead_o of_o constitute_v it_o a_o rule_n of_o truth_n will_v make_v it_o indeed_o a_o rule_n of_o falshood_n 8._o to_o make_v this_o yet_o plain_o please_v to_o reflect_v that_o this_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n be_v such_o a_o act_n of_o your_o understanding_n and_o that_o all_o act_n have_v their_o be_v such_o from_o the_o object_n of_o those_o acts._n for_o the_o faculty_n or_o power_n of_o understanding_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a and_o indetermined_a to_o all_o and_o every_o particular_a act_n and_o since_o nothing_o that_o be_v indetermine_v nor_o any_o act_n in_o common_a can_v be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o be_v and_o be_v such_o of_o each_o act_n depend_v formal_o on_o the_o object_n and_o be_v such_o in_o particular_a as_o that_o object_n which_o inform_v the_o power_n be_v wherefore_o when_o you_o see_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a that_o which_o you_o see_v thus_o clear_o and_o distinct_o true_a must_v have_v be_v thus_o true_a before_o you_o see_v it_o to_o be_v so_o whence_o we_o ask_v what_o be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o object_n you_o perceiu'd-to-be-true_a to_o be_v true_a or_o what_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o truth_n to_o that_o object_n that_o be_v true_a ere_o you_o see_v it_o to_o be_v such_o must_v not_o the_o object_n be_v such_o ere_o you_o can_v know_v it_o to_o be_v such_o or_o clearly_n and_o distinct_o perceptible_a to_o be_v such_o before_o you_o can_v clearly_n and_o distinct_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v such_o if_o not_o than_o you_o must_v say_v you_o can_v know_v what_o be_v not_o to_o be_v know_v or_o clearly_n and_o distinct_o perceive_v what_o be_v not_o clear_o and_o distinct_o to_o be_v perceive_v which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n 9_o for_o instance_n since_o truth_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o such_o speech_n as_o affirm_v or_o deny_v that_o be_v in_o proposition_n let_v we_o put_v some_o proposition_n which_o you_o thus_o clear_o and_o distinct_o perceive_v to_o be_v true_a and_o therefore_o as_o be_v late_o demonstrate_v must_v have_v be_v true_a before_o you_o see_v it_o to_o be_v so_o do_v it_o not_o clear_o follow_v that_o either_o that_o truth_n must_v have_v be_v make_v evident_a by_o another_o and_o that_o again_o by_o another_o and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la by_o which_o mean_n nothing_o at_o all_o can_v ever_o be_v see_v to_o be_v true_a or_o else_o there_o must_v have_v be_v some_o first_o kind_n of_o truth_n who_o noonday_n evidence_n impart_v evidence_n to_o other_o and_o be_v itself_o visible_a or_o if_o you_o please_v clear_o and_o distinct_o perceptible_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o force_v they_o at_o first_o sight_n to_o assent_v to_o its_o verity_n now_o if_o some_o such_o first_o kind_n of_o truth_n can_v be_v find_v which_o by_o their_o absolute_a self-evidence_n do_v as_o object_n of_o our_o understanding_n power_n necessary_o determine_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o mankind_n to_o assent_v and_o do_v withal_o influence_n all_o our_o other_o truth_n and_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o then_o our_o act_n of_o perception_n be_v clear_o exclude_v from_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o truth_n these_o first_o truth_n have_v all_o the_o requisite_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v for_o a_o ratio_fw-la cognoscendi_fw-la veritatem_fw-la or_o a_o rule_n of_o truth_n since_o they_o self-evident_o manifest_v to_o we_o their_o own_o truth_n and_o by_o it_o give_v we_o light_n to_o know_v all_o other_o let_v we_o pursue_v then_o the_o quest_n of_o these_o first_o truth_n our_o discourse_n because_o it_o concern_v and_o antecede_v all_o other_o knowledge_n and_o all_o particular_a truth_n must_v necessary_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o deep_a ground_n and_o therefore_o mun_o needs_o be_v very_o speculative_a but_o i_o know_v i_o speak_v to_o he_o who_o pierce_v wit_n will_v easy_o comprehend_v it_o only_o i_o beseech_v you_o so_o far_o to_o bend_v your_o bias_n which_o you_o must_v needs_o have_v contract_v by_o your_o long_a and_o steady_a meditate_v on_o your_o way_n of_o idea_n till_o you_o reduce_v any_o obliquity_n that_o may_v have_v prepossess_v your_o good_a judgement_n to_o a_o rectitude_n or_o indifferency_n and_o then_o i_o can_v doubt_v but_o i_o may_v do_v you_o some_o service_n even_o perhaps_o against_o your_o will_n for_o evidence_n if_o clear_a and_o well_o penetrate_v do_v ofttimes_o force_v assent_n whether_o the_o will_n repugn_v or_o no._n 10._o the_o idea_n or_o essence_n of_o each_o piece_n of_o the_o world_n fabric_n be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o divine_a architect_n ere_o they_o be_v make_v again_o since_o he_o do_v not_o make_v they_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o bungle_a journeyman_n who_o may_v perhaps_o deviate_v from_o his_o pattern_n or_o model_n but_o immediate_o by_o his_o own_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o power_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o each_o part_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v frame_v exact_o according_a to_o the_o archetype_n of_o those_o unchangeable_a idea_n and_o therefore_o be_v perfect_o establish_v in_o its_o respective_a essence_n or_o nature_n as_o those_o original_a idea_n be_v that_o be_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o be_v what_o they_o be_v by_o a_o inerrable_a hand_n in_o which_o consist_v that_o which_o we_o call_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n wherefore_o since_o all_o truth_n original_o primary_o and_o most_o fundamental_o consist_v in_o this_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o first_o formal_a truth_n that_o can_v be_v in_o our_o mind_n which_o consequent_o be_v the_o rule_n or_o principle_n to_o all_o other_o must_v be_v those_o which_o speak_v express_v or_o affirm_v this_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o they_o be_v which_o kind_n of_o self-evident_a proposition_n can_v therefore_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o we_o call_v identical_a this_o be_v most_o evident_a and_o incontestable_a for_o since_o this_o metaphysical_a verity_n which_o next_o to_o the_o divine_a maker_n of_o all_o thing_n from_o who_o it_o immediate_o proceed_v be_v the_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o truth_n do_v consist_v in_o this_o that_o thing_n be_v fix_v in_o their_o essence_n or_o be_v what_o they_o be_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o speak_v this_o truth_n or_o make_v it_o a_o formal_a truth_n by_o affirm_v or_o deny_v that_o be_v by_o put_v it_o into_o a_o proposition_n but_o by_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v what_o they_o be_v which_o be_v most_o evident_o a_o identical_a proposition_n 11._o hitherto_o then_o it_o be_v undiscernible_a how_o it_o can_v with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n be_v deny_v that_o the_o self-evidence_n that_o so_o visible_o shine_v in_o identical_a proposition_n bid_v fair_a towards_o their_o be_v the_o first_o rule_n of_o know_v all_o truth_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o first_o principle_n to_o all_o other_o knowledge_n for_o 1._o there_o can_v be_v any_o so_o great_a clearness_n or_o evidence_n as_o be_v self-evidence_n nor_o so_o close_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n in_o any_o proposition_n or_o speech_n that_o express_v truth_n as_o be_v perfect_a identity_n or_o self-connexion_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o thing_n or_o mode_n of_o thing_n speak_v of_o be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o be_v its_o self_n 2._o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o thing_n else_o can_v be_v so_o solid_a or_o so_o firm_o establish_v be_v immediate_o build_v on_o the_o unchangeable_a metaphysical_a verity_n itself_o or_o rather_o be_v it_o speak_v and_o express_v which_o verity_n as_o be_v show_v be_v imprint_v in_o the_o essence_n of_o every_o create_a thing_n by_o the_o immediate_a hand_n of_o essential_a truth_n whence_o it_o be_v so_o near_o ally_v to_o that_o infinite_a truth_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v but_o one_o degree_n from_o it_o 3._o by_o reason_n of_o this_o connatural_a and_o immediate_a descent_n from_o that_o bright_a and_o most_o glorious_a luminary_n of_o all_o knowledge_n the_o father_n of_o light_n who_o be_v candor_n aeternae_fw-la lucis_fw-la and_o infinite_o intelligible_a it_o force_v the_o assent_n of_o all_o mankind_n to_o its_o verity_n insomuch_o that_o no_o disease_n can_v so_o pervert_v a_o rational_a be_v which_o have_v the_o least_o use_v of_o reason_n as_o to_o deny_v it_o or_o doubt_v of_o it_o nor_o suspend_v their_o judgement_n concern_v it_o nor_o can_v the_o high_a passion_n of_o the_o most_o profligate_v wretch_n
non_fw-fr ultra_fw-la or_o a_o letter_n to_o a_o learned_a cartesian_a settle_v the_o rule_n of_o truth_n and_o first_o principle_n upon_o their_o deep_a ground_n by_o i._n s._n london_n print_v for_o a._n roper_n at_o the_o black-boy_n over_o against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n mdcxcviii_o to_o the_o much_o honour_a sir_n edward_n southcot_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n it_o be_v so_o unusual_a a_o compliment_n to_o make_v a_o person_n of_o your_o quality_n a_o judge_n in_o a_o philosophical_a controversy_n that_o it_o will_v be_v admire_v at_o by_o those_o who_o do_v not_o know_v you_o and_o i_o fear_v scarce_o accept_v by_o yourself_o such_o study_n do_v so_o seldom_o colour_n with_o the_o profession_n of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o he_o must_v be_v much_o raise_v above_o the_o common_a who_o can_v merit_v the_o esteem_n of_o be_v fit_a for_o such_o a_o umpirage_n to_o be_v hold_v not_o only_o a_o lover_n of_o learning_n but_o a_o discerner_n too_o in_o that_o high_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n be_v such_o a_o starry_a embellishment_n to_o a_o noble_a extraction_n and_o set_v such_o a_o deep_a stamp_n of_o honour_n upon_o it_o that_o it_o give_v a_o double_a tincture_n of_o excellency_n to_o such_o illustrious_a person_n and_o rank_n they_o in_o the_o first_o file_n of_o hero_n in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n when_o the_o roman_a learning_n be_v in_o its_o zenith_n such_o famous_a worthy_n may_v have_v be_v easy_o meet_v with_o but_o they_o be_v so_o rare_a nowadays_o that_o they_o seem_v uncouth_a and_o look_v like_o monster_n and_o such_o indeed_o they_o be_v in_o scaliger_n phrase_n that_o be_v monster_n of_o perfection_n great_a man_n do_v general_o now_o so_o undervalue_v learning_n and_o it_o be_v so_o despicably-little_a in_o their_o eye_n as_o if_o they_o take_v a_o view_n of_o it_o at_o the_o wrong_a end_n of_o the_o prospective_n the_o noble_a sir_n kenelm_n digby_n the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n and_o some_o few_o other_o have_v rescue_v the_o universality_n of_o their_o peer_n from_o this_o imputation_n but_o now_o that_o they_o have_v leave_v we_o such_o personage_n be_v so_o very_o thin-sown_a that_o for_o any_o thing_n we_o see_v there_o be_v but_o few_o left_a beside_o yourself_o who_o give_v we_o any_o prospect_n of_o keep_v alive_a a_o succession_n of_o man_n endow_v with_o that_o renown_a character_n yet_o ignorance_n and_o folly_n be_v such_o ignoble_a blemish_n that_o knowledge_n in_o common_a do_v still_o uphold_v itself_o with_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n in_o a_o fair_a esteem_n but_o this_o thing_n call_v philosophy_n look_n like_o such_o a_o bugbear_n to_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a great_a one_o that_o the_o very_a name_n and_o sound_v of_o it_o put_v they_o in_o a_o marvellous_a fright_v whence_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n man_n do_v not_o love_v or_o esteem_v amiable_a what_o they_o fear_v and_o look_v upon_o as_o hideous_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o reason_n by_o which_o we_o be_v man_n in_o read_v and_o to_o a_o fair_a degree_n understanding_n the_o book_n of_o the_o world_n or_o in_o know_v those_o thing_n with_o which_o whether_o we_o will_v or_o no_o we_o must_v converse_v and_o be_v concern_v daily_o certain_o their_o palate_n be_v much_o out_o of_o taste_n who_o can_v relish_v a_o benefit_n so_o natural_a to_o our_o soul_n but_o think_v it_o below_o the_o station_n of_o a_o gentleman_n to_o regard_v it_o i_o can_v wish_v such_o man_n will_v please_v to_o reflect_v upon_o what_o kind_n of_o object_n their_o thought_n and_o affection_n be_v employ_v while_o they_o neglect_v this._n i_o believe_v it_o will_v shame_v their_o choice_n if_o they_o due_o consider_v what_o empty_a toy_n they_o pursue_v and_o prefer_v before_o this_o solid_a and_o substantial_a good_n philosophy_n true_o such_o and_o right_o understand_v be_v far_o from_o be_v such_o a_o frightful_a thing_n as_o their_o imagination_n paint_v it_o be_v only_o plain_a natural_a reason_n polish_v better_v and_o elevate_v by_o art_n and_o reflection_n so_o that_o they_o who_o check_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o philosophy_n aught_o with_o much_o better_a reason_n find_v fault_n with_o the_o teach_v person_n of_o quality_n to_o sing_v dance_z or_o play_n on_o the_o lute_n unless_o they_o think_v it_o very_o prudent_a and_o expedient_a to_o give_v our_o voice_n foot_n and_o finger_n the_o best_a advantage_n we_o can_v to_o perform_v their_o action_n artificial_o and_o exact_o but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a needless_a folly_n to_o perfect_v the_o know_v power_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o wondrous_a wise_a to_o let_v it_o still_o dose_n on_o sluggish_o in_o its_o homespun_a native_a rudeness_n and_o lie_v whole_o uncultivated_a nay_o such_o gentleman_n will_v be_v much_o offend_v their_o house_n shall_v not_o be_v clean_o sweep_v and_o garnish_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o concern_v that_o cobweb_n shall_v hang_v in_o the_o window_n of_o their_o intellect_n and_o dusty_a ignorance_n dim_a and_o blear_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o noble_a inhabitant_n but_o where_o be_v this_o philosophy_n all_o this_o while_n or_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n whatever_o glorious_a attribute_n some_o have_v give_v it_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n if_o so_o then_o as_o truth_n can_v be_v but_o one_o so_o it_o shall_v follow_v that_o â—either_o can_v there_o be_v more_o than_o one_o philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o true_a one_o and_o that_o all_o other_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d pretend_a and_o consequent_o in_o reality_n fabulous_a and_o erroneous_a where_o then_o shall_v we_o certain_o find_v this_o one_o or_o only-true_a philosophy_n multitude_n of_o sect_n do_v of_o old_a set_v up_o to_o drive_v the_o trade_n and_o profession_n of_o philosophize_v but_o they_o all_o break_v and_o shut_v up_o shop_n have_v but_o a_o very_a few_o chance-customer_n except_o that_o great_a man_n who_o st._n hierome_n call_v ingenii_n humani_fw-la finis_fw-la aristotle_n he_o i_o say_v alone_z have_v get_v quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o school_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o haâ—_n now_o strengthen_v his_o title_n by_o a_o immemorial_n prescription_n nor_o do_v any_o pretender_n of_o note_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n against_o he_o till_z in_o our_o day_n the_o admirably-ingenious_a cartesius_n declare_v himself_o his_o competitor_n till_o then_o aristotle_n be_v draw_v into_o different_a sense_n by_o his_o many-minded_n commentator_n among_o the_o modern_a schoolman_n those_o man_n who_o be_v of_o sharp_a wit_n and_o hate_a jurare_fw-la in_o verba_fw-la were_z in_o danger_n to_o turn_v sceptic_n and_o begin_v to_o think_v that_o truth_n be_v either_o fly_v to_o heaven_n in_o astraea_n coach_n or_o as_o some_o ancient_n think_v be_v in_o puteo_fw-la defossa_fw-la or_o else_o if_o she_o be_v aboveground_o that_o she_o be_v sequester_v in_o some_o terrestrial_a paradise_n so_o that_o none_o can_v get_v knowledge_n of_o her_o habitation_n or_o come_v at_o she_o in_o this_o juncture_n to_o rescue_v the_o flower_n of_o mankind_n from_o fall_v into_o perfect_a scepticism_n and_o to_o encourage_v they_o still_o to_o hope_v for_o truth_n in_o philosophy_n there_o arise_v very_o opportune_o those_o great_a man_n thomas_n albius_n sir_n kenelm_n digby_n and_o cartesius_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o a_o manner_n contemporary_a all_o of_o they_o promise_a science_n which_o keep_v up_o those_o man_n droop_a spirit_n from_o despair_n of_o truth_n the_o former_a two_o of_o these_o in_o many_o of_o their_o main_a principle_n declare_v themselves_o aristotelian_o as_o also_o do_v those_o who_o follow_v their_o philosophy_n whereas_o cartesius_n ravel_v all_o the_o scheme_n hitherto_o weave_v by_o other_o mould_v all_o the_o world_n in_o a_o new_a frame_n and_o set_v up_o for_o his_o single_a self_n without_o any_o copartner_n by_o which_o you_o see_v sir_n that_o your_o task_n which_o seem_v at_o first_o so_o vast_a and_o endless_a be_v reduce_v and_o confine_v to_o this_o one_o enquiry_n viz._n to_o determine_v in_o your_o own_o thought_n at_o least_o whether_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o pronounce_v sentence_n or_o no_o which_o party_n viz._n these_o follower_n of_o aristotle_n or_o of_o cartesius_n be_v true_a philosopher_n on_o which_o side_n soever_o the_o lot_n fall_v it_o follow_v of_o course_n that_o since_o they_o contradict_v one_o another_o the_o other_o let_v they_o talk_v and_o write_v as_o long_o as_o they_o will_v be_v in_o reality_n none_o still_o you_o will_v complain_v that_o even_o this_o be_v beyond_o the_o extent_n of_o your_o narrow_a province_n and_o exceed_v the_o purlew_n of_o your_o read_n and_o think_v too_o but_o i_o dare_v assure_v you_o sir_n that_o this_o present_a debate_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n
be_v say_v of_o a_o proposition_n both_o as_o to_o its_o pâ—â—â—s_n and_o the_o connexion_n or_o identity_n of_o its_o two_o term_n the_o subject_a and_o predicate_a in_o which_o consist_v its_o truth_n aâ—â—_n which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v show_v very_o particular_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o book_n of_o my_o method_n to_o science_n moreover_o because_o i_o see_v your_o prejudice_n against_o our_o way_n be_v take_v from_o the_o insignificant_a jargon_n of_o some_o of_o our_o schoolman_n i_o take_v leave_n to_o add_v that_o let_v other_o talk_v as_o superficial_o of_o those_o matter_n as_o they_o please_v and_o disparage_v the_o true_a way_n of_o art_n by_o mis-managing_a it_o and_o make_v it_o look_v fantastic_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o conscious_a to_o myself_o that_o i_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o my_o method_n but_o what_o be_v entire_o build_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o hand_n i_o mean_v notion_n proposition_n and_o rational_a discourse_n find_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o mankind_n which_o way_n of_o building_n on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a of_o which_o we_o be_v speak_v be_v the_o only_a ground_n that_o can_v give_v solidity_n to_o any_o discourse_n at_o least_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o if_o i_o have_v any_o argument_n there_o which_o have_v any_o other_o foundation_n i_o shall_v renounce_v it_o as_o swerve_v from_o my_o method_n and_o my_o intention_n and_o i_o do_v candid_o here_o declare_v that_o i_o be_o oblige_v either_o to_o bring_v a_o more_o solid_a proof_n for_o that_o point_n or_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v well_o receive_v by_o any_o man_n of_o learning_n which_o be_v so_o i_o have_v that_o good_a opinion_n of_o your_o equity_n that_o you_o will_v not_o therefore_o discard_v a_o way_n which_o be_v thus_o willing_a to_o approve_v itself_o to_o be_v solid_a and_o to_o subsist_v by_o argument_n build_v on_o the_o firm_a ground_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o some_o slight_a understander_n of_o it_o have_v use_v it_o trifling_o nor_o will_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n shall_v be_v quite_o reject_v upon_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o you_o think_v some_o late_a writer_n have_v not_o do_v it_o the_o right_o they_o ought_v 6._o in_o order_n to_o your_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n which_o you_o therefore_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n or_o test_n of_o all_o truth_n because_o we_o can_v but_o assent_v to_o that_o as_o true_a which_o we_o clear_o and_o distinct_o see_v to_o be_v so_o i_o make_v these_o preliminary_n remark_n 1._o that_o this_o be_v the_o main_n hinge_v of_o all_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n which_o persuade_v they_o to_o place_v the_o ground_n of_o truth_n within_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o its_o production_n and_o not_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o 2._o that_o this_o be_v the_o most_o ingenious_a and_o plausible_a conception_n which_o the_o great_a wit_n of_o cartesius_n ever_o advance_v and_o therefore_o it_o most_o deserve_v clear_v which_o be_v indeed_o one_o main_a reason_n why_o i_o strain_a courtesy_n a_o little_a in_o publish_v this_o paper_n 3._o that_o the_o plausibility_n of_o it_o lie_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o every_o man_n must_v grant_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n as_o it_o lie_v for_o who_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o what_o i_o see_v to_o be_v true_a be_v true_a this_o be_v full_a as_o evident_a as_o that_o i_o can_v see_v what_o be_v not_o this_o then_o be_v a_o plain_a truth_n and_o may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o subordinate_a rule_n be_v it_o certain_a or_o prove_v first_o that_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v mistake_v in_o think_v we_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n of_o a_o thing_n when_o we_o have_v it_o not_o mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr confess_v this_o may_v happen_v when_o the_o will_n be_v bias_v or_o man_n be_v unskilful_a and_o how_o frequent_a be_v that_o and_o we_o shall_v give_v many_o instance_n afterward_o how_o we_o be_v deceive_v in_o many_o other_o occasion_n 4._o that_o this_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n the_o cartesian_o so_o much_o speak_v of_o and_o value_v themselves_o upon_o though_o the_o expression_n be_v new_a be_v no_o more_o in_o reality_n but_o perfect_a evidence_n of_o a_o object_n for_o the_o see_v any_o object_n clear_o be_v the_o see_v it_o evident_o nor_o can_v we_o see_v it_o evident_o if_o that_o object_n or_o it_o be_v confound_v with_o other_o and_o not_o see_v to_o be_v distinct_a from_o they_o wherefore_o this_o phrase_n of_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n be_v a_o mere_a amuzement_n and_o be_v new_a make_v the_o reader_n apt_a to_o conceit_n that_o it_o be_v a_o lately-found-out_a discovery_n of_o some_o unheard_a of_o thing_n or_o some_o new_a method_n of_o which_o all_o former_a philosopher_n be_v hitherto_o ignorant_a whereas_o it_o be_v the_o selfsame_a with_o perfect_a evidence_n of_o some_o particular_a object_n which_o all_o the_o learned_a part_n of_o mankind_n have_v ever_o use_v before_o cartesius_n be_v bear_v nay_o have_v allow_v and_o hold_v also_o that_o no_o man_n can_v refrain_v from_o assent_v that_o the_o thing_n or_o mental_a proposition_n be_v true_a when_o with_o perfect_a evidence_n it_o be_v see_v to_o be_v so_o wherefore_o this_o last_o point_n will_v not_o i_o hope_v break_v square_n between_o the_o cartesian_o and_o i_o for_o thus_o far_o we_o agree_v in_o our_o meaning_n however_o i_o except_v against_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o expression_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o intimate_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o the_o method_n you_o pretend_v to_o have_v first_o find_v out_o and_o introduce_v and_o which_o by_o your_o carriage_n you_o seem_v to_o appropriate_v to_o yourselves_o as_o singular_o you_o 5._o these_o thing_n be_v so_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o first_o rule_n of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o all_o truth_n whatever_o must_v be_v common_a to_o all_o know_v nature_n in_o the_o world_n it_o must_v also_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a that_o can_v be_v or_o self-evident_a so_o that_o none_o can_v disagree_v dissent_n or_o be_v deceive_v in_o it_o but_o must_v see_v and_o assent_v to_o it_o in_o despite_n of_o any_o weakness_n of_o the_o understanding_n or_o any_o bias_n or_o obliquity_n of_o the_o will_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o our_o rule_n be_v and_o must_v be_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o rule_n be_v that_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o a_o creature_n make_v for_o knowledge_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v any_o thing_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o lay_v in_o any_o man_n power_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o rule_n or_o to_o dissent_v from_o it_o or_o be_v deceive_v in_o it_o it_o will_v be_v in_o his_o power_n not_o mere_o to_o pervert_v but_o utter_o to_o destroy_v and_o unmake_v the_o nature_n give_v he_o by_o god_n and_o of_o cognoscitive_a or_o capable_a of_o knowledge_n make_v it_o cognoscitive_a or_o incapable_a of_o know_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v fix_v by_o god_n wisdom_n to_o be_v what_o they_o be_v it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o do_v as_o it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o put_v off_o his_o own_o individuality_n and_o not_o be_v the_o same_o person_n he_o be_v 7._o these_o note_n premise_v i_o come_v close_o to_o examine_v your_o rule_n of_o truth_n you_o say_v if_o you_o clear_o and_o distinct_o see_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v true_a you_o do_v thence_o certain_o know_v it_o to_o be_v so_o i_o allow_v the_o conditional_a proposition_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v that_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v see_v or_o â—o_o know_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v not-true_a the_o only_a question_n then_o be_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o truth_n mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr very_o rational_o grant_v p._n 92._o there_o go_v more_o to_o constitute_v a_o rule_n of_o truth_n than_o to_o be_v true_a in_o order_n to_o the_o clear_v of_o which_o i_o ask_v be_v it_o true_a before_o you_o see_v clear_o and_o distinct_o it_o be_v true_a or_o do_v it_o become_v true_a by_o your_o see_v it_o as_o you_o phrase_v it_o clearly_n and_o distinct_o to_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v true_a before_o you_o thus_o see_v it_o to_o be_v true_a then_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a there_o be_v another_o rule_n or_o reason_n for_o that_o truth_n which_o antecede_v your_o see_v it_o to_o be_v such_o and_o therefore_o your_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n can_v not_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o know_v that_o truth_n be_v subsequent_a to_o it_o and_o if_o you_o say_v it_o become_v true_a by_o your_o see_v it_o clear_o and_o distinct_o than_o it_o be_v not_o true_a before_o and_o then_o you_o see_v that_o to_o be_v true_a
as_o be_v the_o settle_v the_o first_o rule_n of_o all_o knowledge_n or_o what_o be_v the_o very_a first_o self-evident_a and_o most_o firmly-grounded_n truth_n no_o speculation_n resolve_v all_o dependent_a truth_n into_o that_o which_o be_v absolutely-independent_a as_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o truth_n must_v be_v can_v be_v too_o accurate_a or_o lay_v too_o deep_a it_o be_v not_o then_o any_o humour_n of_o i_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o trial_n of_o skill_n which_o move_v i_o to_o this_o very_a abstract_a and_o metaphysical_a way_n of_o discourse_v but_o it_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o present_a subject_n that_o force_v i_o upon_o it_o 19_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o care_n of_o overreach_v your_o acuteness_n nor_o the_o desire_n of_o oppose_v the_o rule_n of_o know_v truth_n introduce_v by_o the_o great_a cartesius_n which_o put_v i_o upon_o this_o unusual_a piece_n of_o doctrine_n i_o have_v above_o twenty_o year_n ago_o upon_o some_o hint_n give_v i_o by_o that_o second_o aristotle_n the_o profoundly-learned_n albius_n apply_v my_o speculative_a thought_n to_o dig_v very_o deep_a into_o this_o subject_a to_o find_v out_o the_o immovable_a centre_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o i_o have_v begin_v to_o write_v a_o very_a speculative_a treatise_n show_v how_o to_o reduce_v every_o truth_n into_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n which_o i_o see_v lie_v hide_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o every_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n this_o i_o say_v be_v a_o old_a design_n of_o i_o before_o i_o think_v of_o oppose_v any_o or_o of_o be_v oppose_v by_o any_o i_o foresee_v also_o while_o i_o be_v write_v my_o method_n that_o it_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v witty_a than_o to_o be_v solid_a identical_a proposition_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o by_o very_o ingenious_a man_n who_o be_v not_o thorough-speculators_a as_o sapless_a useless_a and_o insignificant_a wherefore_o i_o do_v there_o take_v some_o occasion_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o track_n of_o my_o thought_n while_o i_o be_v settle_v the_o ground_n to_o true_a science_n to_o clear_v those_o first_o truth_n from_o such_o unworthy_a misapprehension_n to_o this_o end_n i_o demonstrate_v there_o b._n 3._o lesle_n 1._o §_o 3._o that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n in_o which_o consist_v our_o rationality_n can_v only_o be_v build_v upon_o such_o proposition_n i_o show_v b._n 2._o l._n 2._o in_o what_o their_o self-evidence_n consist_v what_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o and_o their_o several_a sort_n and_o degree_n i_o set_v myself_o to_o demonstrate_v by_o many_o argument_n from_o §_o 11._o to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o lesson_n that_o all_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v identical_a proposition_n and_o §_o 19_o that_o plain_a reason_n teach_v we_o it_o must_v be_v so_o which_o evince_v it_o follow_v that_o whoever_o deny_v these_o to_o be_v useful_a must_v with_o the_o same_o breath_n affirm_v that_o all_o first_o principle_n be_v useless_a and_o good_a for_o nothing_o which_o be_v a_o strange_a position_n nay_o since_o there_o be_v a_o order_n in_o truth_n and_o therefore_o all_o second_o principle_n have_v their_o force_n from_o the_o first_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o use_n of_o second_o principle_n if_o the_o first_o be_v useless_a and_o so_o we_o must_v talk_v ramble_o and_o at_o random_n all_o our_o life_n without_o any_o principle_n at_o all_o i_o manifest_a the_o same_o l._n 3._o by_o instance_n fetch_v from_o the_o mathematics_n and_o other_o science_n and_o show_v what_o use_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o to_o make_v they_o either_o of_o the_o premise_n in_o a_o syllogism_n but_o to_o avail_v ourselves_o of_o they_o in_o a_o high_a nature_n i_o show_v b._n 2._o l._n 2._o §_o 18._o that_o even_o plain_a uncultivated_a nature_n make_v the_o vulgar_a recur_n to_o they_o as_o their_o first_o principle_n when_o they_o will_v express_v that_o which_o be_v decisive_a of_o the_o dispute_n and_o undeniable_a i_o prove_v that_o all_o middle_a term_n which_o be_v proper_a be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o they_o i_o endeavour_v b._n 3._o l._n 3._o §§_o 16_o 17_o 18._o to_o evince_v clear_o that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v reducible_a to_o they_o and_o i_o attempt_v to_o show_v lesle_n 4._o the_o way_n how_o to_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n to_o those_o high_a one_o all_o which_o if_o i_o have_v full_o prove_v especial_o that_o all_o first_o principle_n be_v identical_a proposition_n which_o bear_v all_o along_o with_o it_o and_o be_v conclude_v there_o by_o divers_a demonstration_n on_o which_o i_o dare_v venture_v my_o whole_a cause_n that_o they_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v solve_v then_o i_o may_v safe_o presume_v i_o have_v evince_v that_o the_o intelligibility_n and_o light_n of_o identical_a proposition_n be_v most_o self-evident_a the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v build_v most_o solid_a and_o the_o usefulness_n or_o influence_n of_o they_o upon_o all_o other_o truth_n most_o universal_a and_o therefore_o that_o they_o be_v every_o way_n qualify_v to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a rule_n of_o know_v all_o truth_n whatever_n 20._o to_o comprehend_v better_o the_o evidence_n of_o this_o discourse_n let_v we_o imagine_v a_o man_n devest_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o identical_a proposition_n and_o then_o let_v we_o consider_v whether_o he_o can_v know_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o or_o what_o he_o be_v good_a for_o to_o instance_n in_o one_o of_o they_o let_v we_o suppose_v he_o ignorant_a that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o a_o cartesian_a that_o each_o idea_n be_v itself_o and_o no_o other_o and_o common_a sense_n will_v tell_v every_o one_o that_o such_o a_o man_n can_v know_v nothing_o nor_o make_v any_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n concern_v any_o thing_n or_o idea_n either_o since_o that_o thing_n or_o idea_n he_o will_v judge_v or_o discourse_n of_o be_v perhaps_o all_o the_o while_n for_o aught_o he_o know_v another_o whoever_o will_v see_v far_o the_o use_n of_o identical_a proposition_n bring_v to_o practice_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a in_o many_o place_n of_o my_o three_o treatise_n here_o mention_v not_o by_o propose_v they_o first_o and_o then_o deduce_v and_o argue_v from_o they_o as_o some_o may_v mistake_v but_o by_o reduce_v the_o truth_n of_o my_o discourse_n up_o to_o those_o standard_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o by_o show_v these_o to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o patronage_n and_o support_v of_o my_o thesis_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o smart_o clinch_n the_o force_n and_o evidence_n of_o my_o argument_n by_o bear_v up_o to_o they_o and_o rely_v on_o they_o 21._o it_o be_v a_o well-aimed_a reach_n of_o speculation_n in_o mr._n locke_n essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n b._n 2._o ch._n 32._o §_o 2._o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o a_o tacit_fw-la proposition_n which_o i_o will_v understand_v not_o to_o be_v mean_v of_o that_o verity_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n where_o only_a proposition_n be_v or_o can_v be_v for_o since_o this_o metaphysical_a verity_n be_v not_o a_o natural_a notion_n imprint_v direct_o by_o our_o sense_n it_o can_v only_o be_v know_v by_o reflection_n the_o mind_n then_o careful_a to_o be_v well_o assure_v of_o the_o subject_a of_o which_o it_o be_v to_o judge_n or_o discourse_n without_o which_o preassurance_n it_o can_v do_v neither_o review_v it_o heedful_o and_o steady_o and_o then_o say_v of_o it_o within_o itself_o it_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o which_o be_v a_o identical_a proposition_n in_o substance_n though_o for_o a_o reason_n we_o shall_v give_v short_o we_o put_v it_o afterward_o into_o a_o expression_n more_o formal_o identical_a why_o the_o soul_n do_v this_o spring_v hence_o because_o be_v natural_o make_v to_o see_v truth_n and_o no_o truth_n in_o the_o first_o and_o proper_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n be_v possible_a to_o be_v have_v without_o affirm_v or_o deny_v hence_o it_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a that_o when_o it_o come_v to_o review_v the_o object_n in_o order_n to_o see_v its_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n it_o shall_v put_v it_o into_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o identical_a proposition_n only_o which_o kind_n of_o speech_n be_v capable_a to_o affirm_v or_o deny_v and_o this_o be_v that_o i_o mean_v when_o i_o use_v to_o say_v as_o i_o do_v frequent_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v comparative_a or_o relative_n for_o when_o a_o proposition_n be_v mould_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o predicate_v of_o it_o be_v compare_v or_o relate_v to_o the_o subject_a in_o order_n to_o see_v their_o agreement_n or_o
and_o sound_v to_o the_o bottom_n nothing_o will_v be_v find_v to_o support_v its_o truth_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v plain_a bald_a nonsense_n en_fw-fr cverpo_fw-es on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o light_v so_o that_o discourse_n that_o be_v solid_a and_o build_v all_o along_o on_o evident_a principle_n only_a which_o can_v clear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o point_n do_v want_v the_o other_o sort_n of_o clearness_n which_o consist_v in_o explicate_v to_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o like_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o this_o happen_v for_o two_o reason_n one_o because_o principle_n do_v consist_v of_o few_o word_n or_o notion_n and_o those_o too_o such_o as_o be_v general_n or_o universal_a one_o which_o do_v not_o admit_v such_o vary_v the_o phrase_n or_o smooth_a explication_n to_o make_v they_o more_o knowable_a their_o clearness_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o great_a simplicity_n of_o those_o general_a term_n and_o their_o close_a connexion_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o those_o writer_n who_o endeavour_v to_o look_v deep_a into_o the_o foundation_n and_o principle_n on_o which_o truth_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o skimming_n over_o question_n superficial_o do_v not_o care_v to_o avail_v themselves_o by_o explication_n and_o the_o way_n of_o smooth_a expression_n but_o quite_o disregard_n they_o and_o judge_v they_o only_o lukewarm_a word_n in_o their_o present_a circumstance_n because_o they_o neither_o conduce_v to_o the_o attainment_n of_o science_n nor_o to_o settle_v and_o clear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thesis_n which_o such_o man_n see_v can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o the_o strict_a and_o evident_a connexion_n of_o their_o notion_n to_o apply_v this_o discourse_n i_o entreat_v you_o sir_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o clearness_n be_v not_o that_o which_o the_o cartesian_o affect_v the_o second_o that_o which_o we_o take_v and_o pursue_v i_o shall_v hope_v that_o whoever_o peruse_v my_o method_n to_o science_n with_o a_o attentive_a and_o indifferent_a eye_n will_v easy_o observe_v that_o i_o first_o put_v my_o thesis_n and_o then_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v it_o by_o rigorous_a proof_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o subject_n treat_v of_o in_o those_o respective_a place_n and_o that_o the_o cartesian_o do_v not_o use_v to_o take_v any_o such_o method_n but_o place_v their_o hope_n of_o recommend_v their_o tenet_n to_o the_o reader_n be_v approbation_n in_o their_o explication_n which_o make_v it_o so_o difficult_a for_o a_o logician_n to_o find_v where_o their_o argument_n lie_v hide_v or_o where_o they_o press_v of_o which_o with_o just_a reason_n i_o so_o often_o complain_v 36._o thus_o much_o concern_v your_o method_n of_o prove_v by_o explicate_v or_o rather_o of_o substitute_v explication_n in_o the_o place_n of_o proof_n as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o your_o method_n which_o be_v your_o put_a learner_n to_o meditate_v long_o and_o serious_o upon_o what_o you_o have_v propose_v to_o they_o i_o like_v that_o as_o ill_a as_o i_o do_v that_o of_o explicate_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v because_o unless_o man_n take_v principle_n along_o with_o they_o to_o guide_v their_o thought_n right_a and_o keep_v a_o attentive_a eye_n to_o they_o while_o they_o thus_o meditate_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v their_o long_a meditate_v will_n by_o its_o frequent_a dint_n so_o imprint_v and_o fix_v what_o you_o have_v tell_v they_o in_o their_o brain_n and_o at_o length_n make_v it_o sink_v so_o deep_a into_o their_o mind_n that_o whether_o it_o be_v right_o or_o wrong_n it_o will_v stick_v there_o as_o daily_a experience_n show_v we_o custom_n a_o second_o nature_n have_v a_o very_a powerful_a ascendent_n over_o the_o understanding_n to_o imbue_v we_o with_o false_a impression_n by_o the_o oftreiterated_n think_v upon_o any_o point_n that_o be_v disputable_a especial_o ingenious_a explication_n as_o be_v show_v late_o too_o often_o serve_v for_o reason_n to_o those_o who_o be_v not_o well_o verse_v in_o true_a logic_n 37._o but_o the_o main_a objection_n i_o make_v be_v that_o this_o method_n of_o you_o quite_o overthrow_v the_o rule_n of_o truth_n which_o you_o intend_v to_o establish_v by_o it_o for_o this_o rule_n be_v that_o upon_o which_o all_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n depend_v must_v be_v so_o very_o clear_a of_o itself_o above_o any_o thing_n we_o can_v add_v to_o its_o high_a evidence_n that_o it_o can_v possible_o need_v any_o explication_n nor_o meditation_n neither_o nor_o consequent_o can_v any_o strong_a argument_n be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o this_o rule_n of_o you_o be_v not_o the_o right_a one_o than_o it_o be_v to_o confess_v or_o pretend_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o or_o even_o can_v admit_v assistance_n or_o light_n either_o from_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o for_o if_o it_o can_v need_v any_o explication_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v something_o obscure_a and_o if_o it_o can_v need_v pore_a and_o meditate_v upon_o it_o ere_o it_o be_v admit_v or_o can_v be_v know_v then_o it_o be_v far_o from_o be_v most_o self-evident_a both_o which_o utter_o destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o rule_n for_o since_o we_o must_v know_v all_o other_o truth_n by_o it_o its_o evidence_n must_v be_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o be_v know_v and_o therefore_o the_o knowledge_n of_o its_o truth_n must_v antecede_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o other_o truth_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v clear_a than_o they._n which_o be_v so_o manifest_a i_o wonder_v what_o thought_n or_o consideration_n our_o explicate_a or_o meditate_v can_v suggest_v that_o can_v do_v this_o first_o rule_n of_o truth_n any_o service_n or_o give_v it_o any_o advantage_n since_o all_o other_o being_n more_o obscure_a than_o it_o they_o may_v indeed_o can_v they_o affect_v it_o impart_v to_o it_o their_o own_o great_a obscurity_n and_o make_v it_o less_o clear_a and_o intelligible_a than_o it_o be_v but_o can_v never_o make_v it_o clear_a as_o have_v no_o great_a but_o far_o less_o clearness_n themselves_o last_o as_o this_o pretend_a necessity_n of_o explicate_v and_o meditate_v quite_o degrade_v you_o from_o be_v the_o genuine_a first_o and_o consequent_o the_o right_a rule_n of_o know_v truth_n so_o it_o abet_n we_o and_o give_v it_o a_o clear_a title_n to_o be_v such_o a_o rule_n since_o the_o self-evidence_n of_o those_o first_o truth_n express_v by_o identical_a proposition_n which_o be_v our_o rule_n be_v such_o as_o be_v both_o impossible_a to_o be_v explicate_v and_o impossible_a to_o need_v meditate_v to_o clear_v it_o to_o we_o but_o at_o the_o first_o instant_a we_o open_v the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n it_o discover_v itself_o full_o to_o all_o mankind_n to_o be_v most_o true_a and_o withal_o beget_v force_n and_o fix_v we_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a assent_n to_o its_o verity_n 38._o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v allege_v notwithstanding_o what_o i_o have_v say_v above_o that_o this_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n be_v not_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o truth_n in_o itself_o so_o that_o it_o establish_v truth_n fundamental_o but_o of_o truth_n to_o we_o or_o as_o the_o school_n phrase_v it_o quoad_fw-la nos_fw-la that_o be_v a_o rule_n whereby_o we_o may_v know_v what_o be_v truth_n what_o not_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v such_o a_o rule_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o must_v assent_v or_o hold_v a_o thing_n true_a when_o we_o see_v clear_o and_o distinct_o it_o be_v so_o nor_o ought_v we_o to_o assent_v or_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v true_a unless_o we_o do_v clear_o and_o distinct_o see_v it_o to_o be_v so_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o pretence_n be_v already_o forestalled_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o my_o former_a discourse_n where_o it_o be_v show_v by_o many_o instance_n that_o even_o in_o the_o opinion_n learned_a man_n hold_v this_o guide_v our_o thought_n and_o judgement_n by_o what_o appear_v to_o we_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n be_v uncertain_a and_o fallacious_a whence_o in_o the_o thesis_n constitute_v this_o to_o be_v your_o rule_n there_o be_v tacit_o involve_v a_o false_a supposition_n uâ—z_o that_o that_o perception_n on_o which_o we_o sole_o rely_v be_v unmistakable_a by_o we_o for_o if_o we_o may_v mistake_v it_o to_o be_v real_o a_o perception_n thus_o qualify_v when_o it_o be_v not_o than_o our_o assent_n may_v be_v erroneous_a and_o how_o can_v a_o erroneous_a judgement_n in_o any_o sense_n be_v true_a to_o we_o or_o make_v we_o know_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a if_o i_o be_o to_o draw_v a_o straight_a line_n and_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o i_o guide_v myself_o be_v sometime_o straight_o and_o sometime_o crooked_a how_o be_v it_o a_o rule_n to_o i_o in_o that_o action_n or_o draught_n 2._o in_o
in_o plain_a word_n to_o which_o reflection_n of_o he_o if_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n please_v to_o add_v that_o whoever_o discourse_v false_a on_o any_o subject_a do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v that_o subject_n not_o to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o some_o mode_n as_o it_o be_v his_o penetrative_a judgement_n can_v but_o discern_v that_o identical_a proposition_n be_v equal_o useful_a in_o all_o question_n all_o dispute_n nay_o all_o discourse_n whatsoever_o if_o the_o way_n of_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n to_o they_o be_v but_o well_o improve_v and_o cultivate_v 50._o i_o much_o value_v your_o good_a opinion_n and_o i_o perceive_v i_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v it_o by_o a_o hint_n you_o give_v i_o with_o a_o dis-relishing_a air_n that_o i_o call_v cartesius_n a_o fanatic_a which_o you_o think_v very_o harsh_a in_o answer_n i_o deny_v the_o charge_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o say_v that_o when_o cartesius_n be_v lay_v his_o method_n to_o science_n by_o deny_v his_o sense_n and_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o his_o former_a knowledge_n which_o as_o my_o author_n express_v it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o to_o unman_v himself_o he_o fall_v for_o some_o few_o day_n into_o a_o spice_n of_o enthusiasm_n nay_o be_v brimful_a of_o it_o and_o fancy_v he_o have_v vision_n and_o revelation_n so_o that_o he_o seem_v crack-brained_a or_o to_o have_v drink_v a_o cup_n too_o much_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n a_o cartesian_a who_o write_v his_o life_n have_v give_v we_o p._n 34_o 35_o 36._o and_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n to_o say_v he_o be_v habitual_o a_o fanatic_a or_o enthusiast_n all_o his_o life_n and_o in_o every_o action_n he_o do_v or_o book_n he_o write_v the_o former_a of_o which_o can_v neither_o be_v deny_v with_o truth_n nor_o the_o late_a object_v with_o any_o degree_n of_o modesty_n nor_o do_v it_o suit_n with_o the_o high_a character_n i_o have_v give_v of_o he_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o my_o method_n and_o the_o encomium_n i_o have_v upon_o occasion_n bestow_v on_o divers_a of_o his_o book_n i_o beseech_v you_o sir_n be_v so_o just_a as_o to_o stare_v my_o case_n right_o i_o be_v write_v a_o method_n to_o science_n and_o two_o other_o method_n if_o indeed_o they_o do_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o which_o look_v very_o extravagant_a do_v lie_v across_o my_o way_n which_o unless_o i_o remove_v my_o whole_a design_n have_v be_v spoil_v and_o of_o no_o effect_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o malbranche_fw-mi which_o make_v all_o humane_a science_n come_v by_o divine_a revelation_n and_o that_o of_o cartesius_n that_o we_o must_v deny_v all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a truth_n have_v by_o our_o sense_n the_o settle_v this_o late_a method_n have_v confess_o lose_v cartesius_n his_o wit_n for_o some_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o fear_v that_o the_o follow_v the_o same_o method_n may_v do_v a_o great_a mischief_n to_o other_o who_o have_v not_o such_o strong_a brain_n as_o that_o great_a man_n have_v of_o which_o too_o there_o do_v not_o want_v instance_n the_o former_a method_n advance_v by_o malbranche_n i_o see_v evident_o bring_v a_o kind_n of_o fanaticism_n into_o philosophy_n for_o i_o believe_v no_o man_n doubt_n but_o that_o the_o genius_n of_o fanatic_n be_v to_o overleap_a all_o humane_a mean_n and_o to_o pretend_v that_o their_o light_n of_o knowledge_n come_v to_o they_o immediate_o from_o god._n my_o fault_n then_o only_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o i_o be_v such_o a_o friend_n to_o truth_n and_o to_o mankind_n as_o to_o endeavour_v to_o my_o power_n to_o avert_v such_o mischief_n from_o young_a student_n by_o forewarn_v they_o of_o what_o have_v prejudice_v other_o and_o therefore_o may_v high_o prejudice_v they_o and_o to_o confute_v those_o way_n to_o science_n that_o so_o direct_o thwart_v i_o which_o my_o best_a judgement_n tell_v i_o be_v the_o true_a one_o now_o this_o be_v a_o task_n so_o unavoidable_a to_o one_o in_o my_o circumstance_n and_o the_o confute_v such_o strange_a method_n be_v with_o good_a reason_n judge_v by_o i_o to_o be_v so_o beneficial_a to_o other_o it_o can_v without_o rashness_n be_v think_v i_o do_v this_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o oppose_v other_o learned_a man_n but_o pure_o out_o of_o duty_n to_o my_o reader_n and_o a_o just_a regard_n to_o myself_o yet_o for_o pursue_v this_o laudable_a and_o in_o my_o case_n necessary_a intention_n i_o be_o persecute_v with_o the_o high_a malice_n by_o two_o overzealous_a cartesian_o who_o to_o uphold_v these_o awkward_a and_o pernicious_a method_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o break_v in_o upon_o the_o most_o sacred_a method_n of_o christianity_n though_o i_o have_v do_v no_o more_o but_o cite_v the_o word_n of_o their_o own_o author_n beside_o every_o candid_a reader_n will_v hence_o easy_o discern_v that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o pique_n against_o their_o person_n but_o pure_o out_o of_o my_o dislike_a of_o their_o unprincipled_a and_o dangerous_a method_n that_o i_o have_v oppose_v they_o at_o all_o nor_o have_v i_o any_o personal_a reflection_n upon_o their_o morality_n nor_o do_v i_o charge_v they_o with_o impiety_n but_o of_o folly_n which_o every_o antagonist_n in_o philosophical_a debate_n be_v force_v to_o object_n to_o his_o adversary_n 51._o but_o be_o i_o the_o only_a man_n of_o our_o modern_n here_o in_o england_n who_o have_v think_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o philosophy_n and_o of_o truth_n to_o oppose_v malbranche_fw-mi and_o cartesius_n mr._n john_n keyll_n of_o oxford_n a_o person_n of_o great_a wit_n and_o great_a hope_n be_v as_o i_o be_o inform_v scarce_o arrive_v yet_o at_o the_o summer_n of_o his_o age_n have_v late_o put_v forth_o a_o examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o after_o he_o have_v in_o his_o introduction_n discover_v the_o foppery_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o of_o three_o of_o our_o modern_n spinoza_n dr._n more_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n not_o much_o less_o ridiculous_a than_o the_o former_a he_o lay_v open_a that_o superlative_o absurd_a opinion_n of_o malbranche_n which_o i_o note_v above_o he_o give_v we_o a_o summary_n and_o parallel_v consequence_n of_o his_o doctrine_n in_o that_o particular_a which_o be_v that_o we_o see_v not_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o only_o their_o idea_n which_o the_o soul_n see_v in_o god_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o see_v any_o body_n except_o in_o that_o be_v god_n which_o contain_v they_o after_o a_o intelligible_a manner_n body_n therefore_o and_o their_o property_n be_v only_o see_v in_o god_n so_o that_o say_v he_o a_o man_n who_o read_v this_o book_n do_v not_o real_o see_v the_o book_n itself_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o god._n which_o he_o deserve_o character_n to_o be_v unintelligible_a jargon_n and_o a_o solid_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n he_o expose_v that_o equally-senseless_a opinion_n that_o body_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v neither_o hear_v see_v smell_v nor_o taste_v and_o that_o when_o for_o example_n we_o taste_v any_o thing_n the_o body_n taste_v can_v produce_v any_o savour_n in_o we_o but_o god_n almighty_n take_v that_o occasion_n to_o stir_v up_o that_o sensation_n in_o we_o to_o which_o the_o body_n do_v not_o real_o concur_v so_o that_o mankind_n have_v it_o seem_v quite_o lose_v its_o animality_n at_o least_o that_o we_o be_v not_o natural_o sensitive_a creature_n but_o only_o supernatural_o or_o by_o god_n immediate_a power_n make_v we_o such_o every_o time_n we_o be_v to_o use_v our_o sense_n he_o proceed_v according_a to_o he_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o move_v his_o own_o arm_n but_o when_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o move_v it_o god_n take_v it_o and_o move_v it_o up_o and_o down_o as_o the_o man_n wi_n if_o a_o rebellious_a son_n or_o subject_a murder_v his_o father_n or_o his_o prince_n by_o stab_v he_o the_o man_n himself_o do_v not_o thrust_v the_o poniard_n into_o his_o father_n or_o prince_n breast_n but_o god_n almighty_n do_v it_o without_o any_o other_o concurrence_n of_o the_o man_n but_o his_o will._n it_o seem_v our_o law_n be_v very_o unjust_a which_o do_v not_o hang_v man_n for_o mere_o intend_v or_o will_v but_o for_o ouvert_v act_n in_o which_o the_o man_n himself_o have_v no_o hand_n at_o all_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o entire_o of_o god_n do_v whence_o we_o see_v that_o with_o the_o cartesian_o such_o doctrine_n as_o this_o have_v no_o impiety_n in_o it_o at_o all_o against_o god_n it_o come_v from_o they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v all_o sacred_a he_o proceed_v and_o affirm_v that_o no_o second_o cause_n act_v so_o that_o no_o body_n though_o move_v with_o never_o so_o great_a a_o