Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	council_n	majesty_n	privy_a	1,209	5	9.6979	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06789	The maintenance of free trade according to the three essentiall parts of traffique; namely, commodities, moneys and exchange of moneys, by bills of exchanges for other countries, or, An answer to a treatise of free trade, or the meanes to make trade flourish, lately published. ... By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17226; ESTC S120064	50,433	116

the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n or_o a_o answer_n to_o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v late_o publish_v contraria_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n london_n print_v by_o i._n l._n for_o william_n sheffard_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o enter_v in_o of_o pope_n head_n ally_n out_o of_o lombard_n street_n 1622._o to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n traffic_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n by_o nature_n admirable_a and_o by_o art_n amiable_a be_v the_o sole_a peacible_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o praeheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o sacred_a wisdom_n have_v approve_v this_o axiom_n that_o a_o king_n be_v miserable_a how_o rich_a soever_o he_o be_v if_o he_o reign_v over_o a_o poor_a people_n and_o that_o that_o kingdom_n be_v not_o able_a to_o subsist_v how_o rich_a and_o potent_a soever_o the_o people_n be_v if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n both_o which_o be_v relative_n be_v depend_v upon_o traffic_n and_o trade_n which_o be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n whereupon_o have_v late_o peruse_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v wherein_o the_o author_n either_o ignorant_o or_o wilful_o have_v omit_v to_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n according_a to_o which_o all_o our_o commodity_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o foreign_a part_n his_o only_a scope_n be_v to_o have_v the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n enhance_v in_o price_n and_o the_o foreign_a coin_n make_v currant_n within_o the_o realm_n at_o high_a rate_n whereby_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v follow_v i_o can_v not_o but_o be_v move_v both_o by_o my_o faithful_a allegiance_n due_a unto_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o observant_a duty_n owe_v by_o i_o to_o the_o public_a good_a to_o make_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o material_a point_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n by_o compare_v thing_n by_o contrary_n for_o the_o better_a illustration_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o articulo_fw-la temporis_fw-la when_o your_o majesty_n vigilant_a princely_a care_n have_v be_v please_v to_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o state_n to_o the_o learned_a lord_n vizcount_n maundevile_n lord_n precedent_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n and_o other_o person_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n among_o who_o although_o unworthy_a myself_o be_v call_v and_o our_o opinion_n be_v certify_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o weighty_a matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v submit_v unto_o your_o high_a wisdom_n and_o transcendent_a judgement_n by_o mean_n whereof_o according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o epictetus_n the_o philosopher_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maximè_fw-la iudicis_fw-la aptare_fw-la vniversalia_fw-la singularibus_fw-la all_o cause_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a be_v observe_v discern_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o proper_a and_o determinate_a end_n your_o majesty_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o vouchsafe_v with_o a_o gracious_a aspect_n the_o read_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n which_o like_a unto_o the_o little_a fish_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n swim_v before_o the_o great_a whale_n give_v notice_n of_o dangerous_a shallow_a place_n shall_v be_v ample_o explain_v in_o a_o volume_n almost_o imprint_v entitle_v lex_n mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law_n merchant_n which_o in_o all_o humility_n be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n wherein_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n to_o be_v avoid_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o mean_n thereunto_o conduce_v be_v manifest_v for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n ground_v upon_o equality_n and_o equity_n according_a to_o ius_n gentium_fw-la which_o be_v chief_o maintain_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o such_o moment_n that_o all_o other_o temporal_a law_n without_o it_o be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a worthy_a of_o commendation_n be_v those_o office_n who_o can_v by_o providence_n preserve_v the_o treasure_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n worthy_a be_v those_o that_o both_o by_o honest_a and_o lawful_a mean_n can_v preserve_v and_o augment_v they_o but_o worthy_a of_o all_o immortal_a praise_n be_v these_o who_o can_v and_o do_v by_o easy_a just_a and_o politic_a mean_n enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o thereby_o fill_v the_o prince_n coffer_n with_o stand_a treasure_n to_o serve_v all_o occasion_n in_o the_o two_o season_n which_o prince_n be_v to_o care_n for_o observe_v by_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_v of_o which_o study_n i_o have_v these_o forty_o year_n spend_v much_o time_n and_o charge_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o great_a personage_n and_o albeit_o nothing_o do_v encounter_v i_o but_o ingratitude_n yet_o my_o constancy_n to_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n therein_o in_o hope_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o immovable_a as_o the_o continuance_n of_o my_o daily_a prayer_n to_o the_o great_a jehovah_n to_o multiply_v your_o majesty_n day_n as_o the_o day_n of_o heaven_n london_n the_o 25._o of_o october_n 1622._o your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a subject_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n natural_a mother_n wit_n do_v teach_v man_n before_o art_n or_o science_n be_v invent_v that_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n opus_fw-la or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v whereupon_o politician_n or_o statesman_n have_v note_v that_o the_o often_o compare_v of_o a_o thing_n unto_o his_o principle_n or_o original_a produce_v the_o long_a continuance_n show_v by_o digresion_n how_o the_o same_o be_v decay_v and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v the_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v most_o requisite_a in_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n as_o a_o matter_n eminent_a for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n and_o especial_o for_o england_n quia_fw-la vita_fw-la civilis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la societ_fw-la as_o autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la according_a to_o this_o rule_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n thereof_o namely_o traffic_n commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n for_o foreign_a part_n which_o may_v be_v apt_o compare_v to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o traffic_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o commodity_n money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o money_n equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_o corroborate_v the_o exchange_n vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n now_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v coin_a of_o the_o pure_a metal_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n to_o be_v the_o square_n and_o rule_n to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n and_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la even_o so_o be_v exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n measure_n the_o public_a

prove_v unprofitable_a they_o maintain_v a_o certain_a peace_n and_o assurance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o government_n which_o consist_v thereby_o this_o trade_n of_o the_o hollander_n for_o the_o east-indies_n begin_v upon_o the_o embargo_n make_v in_o spain_n of_o their_o good_n and_o interruption_n of_o their_o trade_n wherein_o they_o do_v associate_v themselves_o with_o the_o german_n to_o disperse_v and_o vent_v their_o say_a india_n commodity_n better_a and_o speedy_a to_o this_o argument_n appertain_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o trade_n out_o of_o christendom_n maintain_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o ready_a money_n as_o for_o turkey_n and_o persia_n wherein_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n come_v into_o europe_n since_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v discover_v be_v to_o be_v note_v which_o have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v the_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o west-indies_n great_a alteration_n but_o england_n do_v not_o participate_v by_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n a_o proportionable_a competent_a share_n of_o the_o say_a abundance_n of_o money_n as_o other_o nation_n do_v albeit_o not_o many_o year_n since_o we_o have_v more_o money_n then_o in_o time_n past_a before_o the_o say_a discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n but_o we_o must_v now_o measure_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o say_a abundance_n which_o be_v much_o diminish_v by_o the_o continual_a exportation_n of_o money_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n from_o all_o place_n of_o traffic_n the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n he_o say_v be_v the_o war_n of_o christendom_n ●…irates_n cause_v exportation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o pirate_n hinder_v importation_n of_o money_n the_o latter_a be_v mere_o a_o prevention_n or_o rob_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v suppose_v may_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o if_o pirate_n do_v not_o take_v some_o of_o our_o money_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v come_v unto_o we_o in_fw-la specie_fw-la for_o experience_n by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n divert_v ●…e_a real_n of_o 8._o from_o we_o for_o gain_n to_o be_v make_v 〈◊〉_d foreign_a part_n prove_v unto_o we_o the_o con●…ary_a gayne_n be_v always_o the_o scope_n of_o mer●…ants_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o gayne_n be_v make_v ●…ally_o only_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n which_o ●…herwise_o will_v be_v but_o imaginary_a we_o have_v ●…ready_o declare_v now_o touch_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n ●…y_v the_o war_n of_o christian_n where_o he_o declare_v 〈◊〉_d urgent_a instance_n that_o the_o riecks_n doller_n be_v ●…ised_v two_o mark_n lubish_n make_v the_o say_a dol●…_n to_o twenty_o mark_n lubish_n in_o many_o pla●…s_n of_o germany_n whereby_o abundance_n of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d draw_v unto_o the_o mint_n of_o those_o country_n ●…om_o all_o the_o mine_n and_o part_n of_o christendom_n ●…erein_o he_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o when_o money_n ●…e_v enhance_v they_o never_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n mint_n for_o to_o be_v convert_v into_o other_o coin_n ●…ut_o they_o remain_v currant_n between_o man_n and_o ●…an_n run_v like_o a_o post-horse_n every_o man_n ●…aring_v to_o receive_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o fall_n neither_o ma●…eth_v this_o any_o rule_n for_o merchant_n in_o place_n of_o ●…rade_n otherwise_o then_o that_o they_o may_v take_v ●…nowledge_n of_o the_o public_a valuation_n thereof_o to_o ●…ell_v their_o commodity_n according_o by_o rate_v ●…he_a price_n of_o exchange_n upon_o their_o former_a obser●…ation_n which_o be_v neglect_v or_o do_v in_o part_n ●…auseth_v the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o ●…xchange_n and_o this_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n by_o ●…im_n first_o allege_v and_o treat_v of_o wherein_o the_o commodity_n be_v no_o more_o active_a then_o tenderdon_n steeple_n in_o kent_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o dover_n haven_n to_o make_v this_o to_o appear_v let_v we_o note_v that_o this_o rieckx_n doller_n be_v the_o main_a and_o most_o usual_a coin_n in_o germany_n eastland_n the_o unite_a 〈◊〉_d reconcile_v country_n under_o both_o governme●…_n and_o many_o other_o place_n be_v value_v at_o 2._o ma●…_n lubish_n every_o mark_n be_v 16._o shilling_n lub●…_n or_o 16._o stivers_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o 〈◊〉_d doller_n be_v still_o coin_a in_o the_o empire_n for_o 〈◊〉_d stivers_n and_o be_v so_o currant_n by_o valuation_n in_o 〈◊〉_d low_a country_n whereby_o the_o say_a shilling_n l●…_n 1575._o and_o the_o stiver_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o but_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o low_a country_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o 〈◊〉_d inhaunce_v of_o this_o doller_n which_o be_v brou●…_n to_o 35._o stivers_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o to_o 〈◊〉_d stivers_n by_o intermissive_a time_n and_o valuati●…_n howbeit_o at_o stoade_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n in_o germany_n the_o say_a doller_n do_v remain_v st●…_n at_o 32._o stivers_n or_o two_o mark_n and_o as_o the_o sai●…_n doller_n do_v enhance_v in_o price_n so_o do_v they_o coy●…_n new_a stivers_n according_o sometime_o lighte●…_n weight_n and_o at_o other_o time_n embase_v by_o alloy_n 〈◊〉_d copper_n and_o yet_o in_o account_n the_o stiver_n do_v a●…_n do_v remain_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o mony●…_n fallacy_n but_o the_o say_v doller_n hold_v his_o standard_n agreeable_a to_o the_o first_o doller_n which_o be_v call_v the_o burgondian_a doller_n with_o the_o cross_n of_o saint_n andr●…_n coin_a in_o the_o year_n 1575._o which_o be_v in_o finene●…_n ten_o ounce_n and_o twelve_o penny_n weight_n of_o fi●…_n silver_n and_o four_o and_o one_o half_a of_o these_o dollar_n be_v there_o make_v equivalent_a to_o our_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n as_o a_o public_a measure_n in_o exchange_n be●…weene_v we_o and_o the_o low_a country_n germany_n and_o all_o other_o place_n where_o this_o doller_n be_v cur●…ant_a which_o make_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o price_n of_o exchange_n ●…o_o be_v 24._o of_o their_o shilling_n for_o 20._o shilling_n of_o ●…ours_n according_a to_o which_o computation_n exchange_n be_v make_v always_o above_o that_o price_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o stiver_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v not_o in_o value_n answerable_a thereunto_o for_o be_v but_o two_o ounce_n 17._o penny_n with_o fine_a their_o 32._o stivers_n for_o the_o say_v doller_n which_o be_v four_o piece_n and_o one_o half_a 144._o stivers_n do_v not_o contain_v so_o much_o fine_a silver_n in_o they_o as_o the_o say_v doller_n proportionable_o but_o there_o want_v above_o 3._o shilling_n flemish_n in_o the_o pound_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n these_o dollar_n have_v since_o be_v imitate_v and_o make_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n in_o their_o several_a mint_n as_o also_o by_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n in_o the_o reconcile_a province_n and_o the_o price_n of_o they_o at_o hamborough_n stoade_n and_o other_o place_n be_v enhance_v but_o one_o stiver_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o thirty_o three_o stivers_n where_o the_o say_v dollar_n go_v in_o the_o low_a country_n by_o valuation_n for_o 45._o stivers_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o at_o which_o time_n the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n for_o those_o part_n and_o for_o the_o low_a country_n at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n 4._o penny_n which_o be_v so_o agree_v upon_o to_o our_o disadvantage_n for_o according_a to_o the_o say_a 4●…_n dollar_n at_o forty_o five_o stiu●…rs_n it_o make_v thirty_o three_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n but_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n value_v at_o ten_o stivers_n for_o the_o shilling_n be_v the_o caus●…_n that_o it_o be_v put_v to_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four●…_n penny_n myself_o be_v there_o a_o commissione●…_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n table_n with_o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr ortell_n mo●…sieur_fw-fr coase_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr valcke_n commissioner_n for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o doller_n be_v since_o that_o time_n enhance_v t●…_n province_n fifty_o two_o stivers_n in_o the_o low_a province_n whic●…_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n above_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n or_o rather_o thirty_o nine_o shilling_n and_o shall_v we_o suffer_v this_o and_o not_o alter_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o but_o be_v content_v to_o take_v thirty_o four_o shilling_n or_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o after_o that_o rate_n undersell_v all_o the_o commoditis_fw-la of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o suffer_v also_o because_o of_o this_o gain_n our_o money_n to_o be_v export_v the_o real_n of_o 8._o to_o be_v debar_v from_o we_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o carry_v to_o other_o country_n for_o bring_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o importer_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o