Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	father_n	name_n	son_n	14,571	5	5.9519	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

same as the Castilian and Portugal What is his Name Who did ever see him Where hath he convers'd Whereby do you believe your God to be the True God Difference of Religion ¶ IT plainly appears by the Religion of the Japanners that they embrace the Errors of the most foolish Heathens Rom. 1.23 changing the Glory of the uncorruptible God into an Image made like to corruptible Man This foul Doctrine was embrac'd by the Anthropomorphites in Christendom about the time of Arius and the Nicene Council The first Teacher was Audius deriv'd from Mesopotamia a Man who liv'd a very lend Life yet in short time got many on his side and remaining a little while by the Church at last forsook it and rais'd a new Opinion which much puzzl'd the Ancient Fathers and chiefly they were contradicted by Theophilus Bishop of Alexandria F●rb Inst Theol. 1.36 and Epiphanius at Salamina but Epiphanius disputed so indifferently that he gave no satisfaction to the Learned And indeed against this foolish and fleshly Opinion of God the Learnedst Heathens have disputed Lact. de Irac c. 11. Lactantius relates of the ancient Philosopher Pythagoras That he believ'd God to be a Spirit without a Body Plato affirms That God is the greatest Good above all things in Nature he himself being full of all Perfection In Somis Scip. wanting nothing And Macrobius saith Plato when he would speak of God durst not say what he is concluding That he cannot be known of Man what he is For God is call'd Suprema Ratio Ens Entium and is also the first Original of all things Here is added the Relation of the great Orator Cicero De Nat. Deor. in these Words In his Book of the Laws saith Plato I can better say what God is not than what he is Do you ask me what or how God is I will use Simonides for my Interpreter of whom when the Tyrant Hiero ask'd the same Question he desir'd one day to think upon it and on that day asking him again he requir'd two days so still increasing the number of the days Hiero wondering at it ask'd why he did so Because said he the longer I study the more difficult I find it to resolve Seneca also writes thus to Lucilius God is close by he is in you So say I O Lucilius a Holy Spirit is within us Ad Luci● that takes an account of all our good and bad Actions This Spirit according as it is treated by us so it deals with us but none is a good Man without God The opinion of the learnedst Heathens concerning God The Learnedst of Heathens acknowledg'd in God the greatest Perfection which consisted in three things To the first belong'd his Eternity which can be measur'd by no Time being a Life without End So that the Heathens observ'd by the Light of Nature how it was with God to see to that which he was not before or not to see after that which he was once Secondly They ascrib'd to God a Freedom against all Power because he hath an irresistible Power which is as Mighty and Omnipotent as God himself Disown God to be a substance Lastly They believ'd that his Godly Nature suffer'd no Connexion to or with himself for where there is such a Connexion there must needs be something equal or alike to connect but in God is no want of any such connected Assimilation for if there were then the Cause of such Want must precede the Connexion and consequently be before God but God is the First Causer of all things And on these grounds they could find that God was not Substantial and Frail much less consisted of Soul and Body Which if the Learn'd Anaxagoras Master of the famous Socrates had not understood he would not have call'd God a Spirit and said That all things proceeded from the Power of an Everlasting Spirit The contrary opinion of the Japanners But the Japanners go not so high notwithstanding the inexpressible Goodness of God and their own Consciences should lead them to an Everlasting Being yet they ask foolishly for a visible God that converses with Men on the Earth Byleveld's Answer ¶ BUt to return to our Story Byleveld gave Sicungodonne this Answer The Castilians and Portuguese acknowledge a Trinity as well as the Hollanders but they represent him in the shape of an Old a Young Man and a Dove which the Hollanders hold to be abominable For they acknowledge God to be an endless Spiritual Being of whom none may or can make any Likeness neither by Images or Imaginations of the Heart Moreover God hath given himself divers Names in the Greek and Hebrew Tongues but the Hollanders call him God the Father Son and Holy Ghost And because he is an Incomprehensible Spirit he can be seen by none from whence it always proceeds that a Man can no way see his own nor anothers Soul Yet the Invisible God is Visible in the Works of his Creation Preservation and Governing of all things Also Gods Son took upon him the Nature of Man in a Woman when he was born in Bethlehem travell'd through Palestine did great Miracles there and at last not far from Jerusalem died a cursed Death on the Cross to redeem and save those from everlasting Damnation that believ'd in him all which is written down in two Books the first written by the Prophets in the Hebrew Tongue the other by the Apostles in the Greek These Prophets and Apostles were great Saints to whom God gave the Spirit of real Truth And these Books were translated out of their Original Tongues into Dutch by Persons experienc'd both in Greek and Hebrew Sicungodonne ask'd further Sicungodonne's other Questions Do your Feasts agree with the Portuguese and Castilians How are they call'd Do the Hollanders keep Fast-days Are they not taught by Priests and Ministers as the Spaniards What are those Priests Have they a yearly Income out of the Countreys Revenue Do they meddle with any State-Affairs Is the Prince of Orange under any Bodies Jurisdiction or Governs he Holland alone Captain Schaep answer'd Schaep's Reply The Hollanders said he keep the first Day of the Week like the Spaniards on which every one rests from their Labor and goes to Church to hear Divine Service Only on some extrordinary Occasion Fast and Prayer-days are order'd to be kept that the Inhabitants may humbly beg of God for his merciful Assistance Besides at such an accident they abstain not from Meat and Drink but take it and give Thanks to God for it Distinction of Diet is never observ'd by them Moreover the Holland Teachers are call'd Ministers which are Men that from their Infancy have been brought up to learn the Latin Greek and Hebrew Tongues and in Publick Churches Preach to the People out of the foremention'd Books which every one may peruse that thereby it may appear if their Doctrine agree with them They are paid but of the

growing upon their Heads A strange Relation of the Gengues by Father Frojus whom their Master the Devil oftentimes commands to climb to the top of a steep Mountain where they are to expect him at the appointed time Thither they flock in great Numbers and coming to the Place the Evil Spirit according to his Promise appears to them about Noon but most commonly towards the Evening passing oftentimes backward and forward through the whole Assembly of the Gengues who soon after inspir'd with mad desire to follow this their wicked Seducer where-ever he goes though through Fire and Brimstone where he vanishes they throw themselves after which is always at the steep Precipices of the Mountain thus desperately destroying themselves falling down Headlong Which thus happen'd to be discover'd An Old-Man being thus Possess'd and mad to follow the Devil his Son used all means to disswade him yet he would not hearken but thither he went his Son going with him then both scaling the top of the Mountain the Spirit appear'd to them Habited Richly like some Great Person whom the Father Worshipp'd falling on his Knees in a most submissive and humble manner but the Son drawing his Bow shot at the Spectrum which suddenly vanishing turn'd into a wounded Fox which running away he trac'd by the drops of Bloud discolouring the Grass where on the edge of the Precipice Reynard vanish'd but he looking down after him saw abundance of Bones and Skeletons of Dead-men which there broke their Necks so conquering Hell by violence running headlong to the Devil Japan Soothsayings and Conjurings whence proceeded But the fore-mention'd Charms and Conjurations Fortune-telling and other Diabolical Arts used by the Japan Janambuxi Jammaboos Harbore-Bonzi and Gengues have their Original from Asia The Japanners have learn'd these Necromantick Arts and cunning Delusions from their Ancestors which brought them from the Places of their first Original Above two thousand Years ago the Black-Art was us'd through all the Eastern World being perform'd after divers ways and manners Who knows not That in Asia they use for the performing of the foremention'd purposes Water Drinking and Looking-glasses Oyl Rings Fire Children and Birds What was more common to those that would know Future Events or regain Lost or Stoln Goods than to run to the Conjurers or Fortune-tellers which Office the Priest generally perform'd Conjuring with a Bason Sometimes they us'd a Bason full of Water in which they threw several Pieces of Gold and Silver and also Precious Stones mark'd with peculiar Letters Then standing over this Bason muttering their Charms and Incantations calling upon an Infernal Spirit at last asking what they desir'd to know and according to his Demands a Voyce as it were from under the Water made Responses to his several Questions With a Cruse At other times these Jugglers also use a Cruse filling it with clear Water and placing lighted Wax-Candles round about Then calling upon Satan they inquir'd of him concerning those things of which they desir'd to be satisfied Then standing still a Child or great-bellied Woman went to the charm'd Cruse so taking a view of the Shadow which the Water presented by which Appearance the Spirit answer'd their Desires With Glasses Looking-glasses also serv'd them as Instruments to the performing of their Diabolical Arts Glasses a known Cheat. wherein after they had ended their Charmes they saw such Shadows by which they were answer'd to their several Demands The Emperor Didius Julianus us'd the like Glasses Julian the Apostate seeing several things in them that happen'd to him afterwards With Fountains The Greek Writer Pausanius tells us of a Fountain before the Temple of the Goddess Ceres in which Fountain by a small Cord they us'd to let down a Looking-glass wherein if those that were Sick did look and saw a Dead Corps there was no hopes of their Recovery but if a live Person they were certain to live and recover With Oyl and Red-lead When they are desirous to know Future Events then they take Oyl with some Red-lead mixing them both together Then they take a stripling Youth painting his Nails therewith and holding them in the Sun which makes such Shadows that by them they know what they desire Wit a Gold Ring They also take a Gold-Ring and shaking it in the Water judge by its Motion what they desire to be inform'd of With Stones Sometimes throwing three Stones in standing Water by the manner and position of the Circles they answer the Question propounded With Water Varro a Learned Roman tells of a Youth skill'd in Magick that in a Response of a great Question read fifty Verses out of the Water foretelling but in ambiguous sense the various Successes of the long War betwixt the Romans and Mithridates King of Pontus With Wheaten-Cakes Near the Lacedemonian City Epidamnus was a Pool sacred to Juno to which to be resolv'd of doubtful Matters they us'd to resort where they threw in Wheaten Cakes made for that purpose which if they sunk were a good Omen but if they floated up and down they look'd thereon as a Sign of ill success With a Pot. It was also very common to put a Roll upon their Heads on which a Pot of Water then muttering certain Words if the Water boyl'd over that signified good but if it stirr'd not bad luck But discovering of Thieves finding Lost or Stoln Goods and the like which the Japan-Priests the Janambuxi and Gengues pretend so much to was common two thousand Years ago through all Asia Amonst many other of their Experiments this was most us'd by the Ancients With an Ax. They strike an Ax into a round Post so deep that it sticks then amidst their Mutterings they name the several Persons who are most suspected but at the first mention of the guilty Person the Ax trembles or leaps out of the Post With a Sieve Our Foolery of the Sieve and Shears is also much approv'd amongst them for a most certain Discovery of a Theft And as we use for a Charm St. Peter and St. Paul they repeat these non-sensical Words Douwima Touwima Entimemaus With an Asses Head They also do Wonders as they believe with an Asses Head broyl'd upon the Coals And the like Vanity concerning Predictions they observe with a Cock With a Cock. which thus they perform In a smooth Floor they lay so many single Letters cut in Paper that make up their Response with the Negative and Affirmative laying on every one of these a Barley-corn and scattering a few others promiscuously betwixt them then they bring a Cock fresh and fasting who falls to work picking up the Corns as his Choice directs him which done they gather up the Letters from whence the Corn hath been taken and of those by setting and spelling of them several ways they make a Judgment With Mandrakes What did they not ascribe to the Mandrake-root by throwing

hearken to his Proposals Thus Columbus and his Cause lay seven years quite neglected but when these Princes had by their several happy Victories subdu'd their Enemies he then in the beginning of the Peace and first halcyon after so long a Storm renew'd his Business and mov'd the Court of Spain once more The King and Queen then though low and their Treasure exhausted with the late Wars yet began to listen to him and at last were so much perswaded that they took up seventeen thousand Duckets upon Interest with which they Rigg'd and Furnish'd him out three handsom Vessels With which Columbus well satisfi'd set Sail Septemb. 1. Anno 1492. Columbus set Sail 1492. first directing his Course to the Canary-Isles from thence stood full West with a Trading Wind into the great Ocean where he soon after met with no ordinary Storms or Huricanes Winds blowing from all the Points of the Compass which sadly ruffled and shatter'd his Vessels next falling which Block prov'd to him worse than Aesop's Stork into continual Calms for there his Men growing sick and weary with lying so long at Sea Mutiny'd and despairing ever to see Land nothing would satisfie them but a speedy return to save their Lives whilst their Provisions lasted He thus put to it was inforc'd to promise them that if they discry'd not Land in three days he would perform their desire So it happen'd that at the appointed time they saw Westward near the Horizon sprinkling Clouds by which sign he overjoy'd bidding them be of good comfort and told them they should soon see Land which accordingly they did and soon after came to Anchor on the Coast of Florida where Landing Discovers Florida taking some short refreshment help'd by the Natives he took a survey of the neighboring Countrey and the adjacent Isles and whilst he barter'd Trifles for Gold and other rich Commodities he took possession of the Countrey by raising of a Fort in his Royal Masters name in which leaving forty eight Spaniards Commanded by Diego Arana Returns home he departed thence Fraighted with great Riches and ten of the Indians Soon after arriving in Spain he was receiv'd with great joy giving a good account to their Majesties of their success with which they were so well pleased that they furnish'd him out again then he discover'd the great Isles Hispaniola Discovers Hispaniola and Cuba and also Nombea De Dios and Panama and Cuba and the bottom of the great Bay of Mexico Thus Christopher Columbus finish'd fourteen years in several Expeditions discovering the West-Indies Americus Vesputius set forth by the King of Portugal to make a farther Discovery of the West-Indies Mean while the fame of these his grand enterprises stir'd up invited many other Sea-Captains to raise their Reputation and better their Fortune in like manner amongst which Americus Vesputius a Florentine was employ'd by Emanuel King of Portugal who making larger Inspections along the Continent got the denomination of those vast Territories the West-Indies now call'd America though Christopher Columbus was the first Discoverer Henry the Fourth Son to the King of Portugal discovers new Countreys But before we go on any farther with the business of Spain we shall give you a brief account of the Portuguese who mean while or rather before took up the Art of Navigation and became Sea-men following their new Discoveries to the South and Oriental parts of the World Their first Undertaker being the young Prince Henry Duke of Visco second Son to Henry the first King of Portugal the eldest being Heir Apparent and well provided by Patrimony and due Right of Succession to the Crown of Portugal after his Fathers decease the younger Brother being of a high and magnanimous Spirit was ambitious if so it might be the enjoying of his Native Land Birth-right had deny'd him to raise his Fortunes at Sea which who knew but might prove equivolent to his Brothers Kingdom and also encourag'd to Study the Art of Navigation by several Learn'd Persons who assur'd him by clear and many demonstrations that there was much Land that might prove of great concern altogether yet unknown and especially in the South beyond Maretania which could not be penetrated by Land by reason of the vast and unpassable Desarts and excessive heat but finding those Coasts by Navigation they might make a deeper inspection of the whole African Continent His first Voyage was beyond Mount Atlas Resolv'd upon this he put in action what with mature judgement he had design'd and getting all things ready furnishing some Ships for that purpose set Sail in the Year 1410 and Steering on was the first that sunk Mount Atlas lofty Crown under the Horizon being till that time the Terminary or Ne plus ultra of all Southern Navigation discovering beyond the Mount threescore Leagues off the Coast of Africa and so return'd but with mean success But not altogether daunted ten years after having replenish'd his stock design'd for such Adventures he fitted out another Fleet under the Command of Johannes Gonsalvez a good and expert Sea-man who first ventur'd to loose sight of Land and Sail into the Main Ocean where he though encountering many Storms prodigious Tempests cross Tides and unbridled Currents yet bore up couragiously and fighting his way through all Weathers and other Incumbrances reaching four hundred and twenty Leagues beyond Atlas where weary and over-power'd at last by such grand Opposers viz. Winds and Tides contented himself with the honour of so great a Discovery return'd These names they gave them at the first Discovery Thus this Prince in forty Years Discovering the Maderas the Isle Porto Sancto Cape de Verd and the Coast of Guinee and having the honour of opening the Bosom of the Southern Sea and making the Portuguese Navigators being of a great age he died in 1463. Alphonso the fifth discovers the African Coast After his Decease the whole business of Navigation fell and the Sea lay Fallow unploughed by the Portuguese twenty years when Alphonso the fifth King of Portugal taking hold of so well begun and long neglected a business the second time revived the Art of Navigation though much against the present humor of the People strenuously went on First Sailing beyond Cape de Verd finding the Island of St. Catherine and settled a constant Trade which came to a good account with the Negro's in Guinee He dying John the second succeeding him went on with the Work and set out Jaques Canus Discovers Congo a good Sea-Captain who first discover'd Congo and Sailing up a River penetrated much of the In-land thereabouts When stirr'd up much by the rumor of Christopher Columbus's Expedition employ'd by the King of Castile the fame being spread over all Christendom ambitious to match what Spain could do in the West with his Southern Expedition being so well prepar'd already by their former Voyages with great Cost and Care A Voyage of Bartholomew Diazio he