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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	father_n	name_n	son_n	14,571	5	5.9519	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42257	The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.; Comentarios reales de los Incas. English	Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1539-1616.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1688 (1688)	Wing G215; ESTC R2511	1,405,751	1,082

to his Eldest Son and his Prophecy concerning the Invasion of the Spaniards WE have seen already by what hath preceded in what manner Viracocha passed some years and in what tranquillity and prosperity he governed his Empire We are now to speak of his Children and Family his Eldest Son was born of Coya Mama Runtu who was his Sister and true and lawfull Wife he was at first called Titu Manco Capac though afterwards by the last Will and Appointment of his Father his Name was changed to Pachacutec which signifies as much as one who subverts the World or turns it upside down and though it was commonly taken in the worst sense for some alteration from bad to worse yet it is said he was so affected with this Word that he was desirous to have called himself by that Name but in regard that the Name of Viracocha was so dilated over all Countries and the Voices of the people so accustomed to it that he could not assume that Appellation to himself yet he was desirous to communicate it to his Son being as he believed a means to keep alive the memory of the Apparition and the renowned Actions of his Father Acosta in the 20th Chap. of his 6th Book saith That the people were so much scandalized at the Name of Viracocha which this Inca took to himself because it was the proper name of God that he was forced to clear himself of this prophanation by saying that the Spirit which appeared to him in his Dream had commanded him to take that Name and Title upon himself And that the Inca Pachacuti who succeeded him was a great Souldier and Politician having invented many superstitious rites which he introduced into the Worship of their Religion which are the words with which Acosta concludes that Chapter All which is in confirmation of what I have said namely that a Vision appeared to him in his Dream that he took the Name of that Apparition and that afterwards he gave the Name of Pachacutec to the Son who succeeded him The Name of the Queen was Mama Runtu which Word Runtu signifies an Egg so called because of the whiteness of her Face being perhaps fairer than the Women commonly are of that Countrey The Indians report that this Viracocha was the Authour of the Prophecy which foretold the Invasion of the Spaniards and was conserved amongst the Archives of the Kings of Peru which was That at a certain period of Years after the succession of such a number of Kings there should come a sort of people from far remote Countries never seen or known before in those Regions who should take away their Religion and subvert their Empire The substance of which Prophecy was contained in two such obscure Sentences as were difficult to be explained or interpreted The Indians say that this Inca after the success and verification of his Dream became the Oracle of Mankind for that the Amautas who were the Philosophers of those times as also the High Priest and the most Ancient Elders of the Temple of the Sun who were the Magicians that presaged of things to come did often interrogate him concerning his Dream and of Comets seen in the Heavens as also of Divinations by the flying and singing of Birds and of several other superstitious Prognostications which they made from their Sacrifices and Entrails of Beasts and to all the Responses which Viracocha made to their Enquiries they yielded entire Faith and Credence esteeming him the Oracle and chief in Divination What he delivered in this manner was judged worthy to be conserved by Tradition in the memory of their Kings onely and that the knowledge of such divine Revelations was not to be made common or prophaned by the Discourse of the People for that it was not fit for them to be pre-acquainted with the times and seasons when their Idolatrous Worship should have an end and the Empire be overthrown and the Divinity of the Incas questioned and changed into the state and common condition of humane kind For which reason there was no farther mention made of this Prophecy untill the time of Huayna Capac who revealed it openly a little before his Death as we shall hereafter declare more at large though some Historians make but a short tale of it and say that a God which the Indians worshipped called Ticci Viracocha delivered this Prophecy But for what I have delivered herein I have the authority of an old Inca whom I have often heard recount the Fables and Antiquities of their Kings in presence of my Mother And in regard the coming of the Spaniards into Peru and the Conquest of it by them the destruction of their Idolatry and the preaching of the Gospel of Christ in those parts did correspond with the Prophecy of Viracocha the Indians did therefore give the Name of Viracocha to the Spaniards fansying them to be Sons of that imaginary God whom he had purposely sent as we have already said to relieve the Incas from the Oppression and Violence of the cruel Tyrant Thus we have cursorily touched on this wonderfull Prophecy which for many years had been revealed to the Inca-Kings and which was afterwards accomplished in the Reigns of Huascar and Atahualpa which were great Grandchildren to the third Generation to this Inca Viracocha CHAP. XXIX Of the Death of Viracocha and how the Authour saw his Body AT length the Inca Viracocha in the Height of Majesty and Zenith of his Prosperity submitted to the common fate of Mankind he was generally lamented and bewailed by all the Empire and adored afterwards as a Child of the Sun to whom they offered Prayers and Sacrifices He left to Pachacutec his Eldest Son the Inheritance besides whom he had many legitimate Sons and Daughters of the Royal Bloud with others born to him by his Concubines he conquered and reduced Eleven Provinces four of which were to the South of Cozco and seven towards the North. It is not certainly known to what age he lived nor how long he reigned though according to common report he governed above fifty Years and so he seemed to me to have been an ancient Man when I saw his Body at Cozco about the beginning of the Year 1570. which was the time when I was upon my departure for Spain and then I remember that going to take my leave of the Governour or Chief Justice of the City called Paul Ondegardo a Native of Salamanca amongst other Favours which he did me he was pleased to lead me into an inward room and there tell me that before I departed it would be convenient for me to have a sight of some of my Relations that so I might have another Story to tell of them in Spain with that he shewed me five Bodies of Incas three of Men and two of Women one of which the Indians report to have been the Body of Viracocha which seemed to be very aged the Hairs of the Head being as white as Snow The second they say

much more powerfull glittering and resplendent must his Person and Majesty be who was the Maker and Creatour of them all Other sayings of his were these If I were to adore any of these terrestial things it should certainly be a wise and discreet Man whose Excellencies surpass all earthly Creatures When an Infant is born he grows up and then he dies He that yesterday had a beginning to day arrives at his end He that cannot make himself immortal nor recover that Life which Death hath deprived him of is not worthy of adoration Thus far is the report which Blas Valera hath given us CHAP. XX. Of the Inca Yahuar-huacac who was the seventh King of his Fears and Conquests and the Disgrace of the Prince his Eldest Son. THE King Inca Roca being dead his Son Yahuar-huacac succeeded him in the Inheritance of his Kingdom and governed with Justice Piety and Gentleness cherishing his Subjects with as much indulgence and tenderness as was possible His chief design was to keep and preserve what his Father and Ancestours had left him not seeking quarrels with any or encroachments on others right lest contemning the ill omen of his Name and the misfortunes which the skilfull Masters in Divination did daily presage he should tempt his fortune and provoke his Father the Sun to afflict him with all those evils which they prognosticated With this fear and apprehension he lived for many years desiring nothing more than peace and quietness both at home and abroad but not to remain altogether idle he visited all parts of his Dominions three or four times and improved and adorned them with stately Buildings feasted and generally caressed all his Subjects in a higher degree and with greater demonstrations of love and tenderness than any of his Ancestours which were effects of the great dangers he apprehended from the Prophecies concerning him and in this caution and dread upon his Spirits he continued for the space of nine or ten years untill at length considering that this cautious timidity would argue Cowardise and lowness of Spirit of which none of his Ancestours were ever before taxed he resolved to send an Army of twenty thousand Men to the Southwest of Cozco along the Coast of Arequepa where a point of Land runs out far into the Sea which his Predecessours had overseen or neglected because it was ill inhabited His Brother called Inca Mayta he made Commander in Chief of his Forces and for that reason was ever afterwards called Apu Mayta or General Mayta to whom he added four other Incas to be Major-Generals under him But as to himself he would not adventure to go in Person for the thoughts of the ill Omen did still so haunt and oppress his Spirits that he could never resolve to trust the success of any martial adventure to the fortune of his own Person and where the desire of Glory spurred him forward to any great Attempt there always the dread of the sinister Omen retracted and drew him back This apprehension moving him to commit the charge of his Army to his Brother and Officers they proceeded so successfully in it that in a short time they reduced all that tract of Land from Arequepa to Tacama which they call Collasuyu to his Empire being at this time the utmost Limit and Confine by the Sea-coast of that Countrey which they call Peru the which Land being long and narrow and ill peopled cost more time to march it over than to conquer it This Enterprise being thus happily completed they returned again to Cozco where they rendred an account to the Inca Yahuar-huacac of their success with which taking heart and recovering new courage he began to aspire to the Honour and Fame of reducing those great Provinces yet unconquered in the Division of Collasuyu called Caranca Ullaca Llipi Chica Ampara the which as they were large and great so they were populous and defended by a warlike Nation and for this reason the ancient Incas forbore to molest or irritate them lest being as yet uncivilized and unacquainted with the gentle and easie Government of the Incas they should fly to their Arms and oblige the Incas against their Maximes and natural Disposition to subject them with Slaughter and Destruction and therefore rather chose to tame and mollifie them by degrees and prevail by the clear Evidences of their Neighbours Happiness to persuade them into a good opinion of the gentleness of that Yoke which the Inca imposed on his Subjects With the cares and fears of this Conquest the Inca Yahuar-huacac was greatly turmoiled being as it were crucified between his hopes and fears sometimes he promised himself good success and that the same Fortune would smile upon him that did on his Brother Apu Myata then again the dread of the fatal Omen possessed his Mind which always kept that awe upon him that he never durst attempt any thing in War wherein there appeared least Difficulty or Hazard Whilst he was thus tossed with these Passions and anguish of mind he was diverted from his foreign Designs by domestick Troubles caused by the untoward Disposition of his Eldest Son and Heir of his Dominions who from his Childhood gave symptomes of an evil and cruel Nature by his harsh treatment of those Boys of his own age who conversed and played with him and though the Inca his Father used all the means imaginable to reclaim him by due and severe correction and that he hoped that Years and Instruction would prevail upon him yet in the end all proved vain and without effect the ferocity of his Mind and the impetuosity of his ill Nature prevailing over all the means and endeavours to reduce him for neither the Examples of his Ancestours nor the gentle Admonitions nor severe Reproofs of his Father had any influence upon him so that his desperate incorrigibleness became now the greatest fear and affliction of the Inca. For so far was the Spirit of ill Nature engrafted in the Heart of this Prince that all the Treacle of wholesome Advice he converted into Poison the which his Father having observed and duely considered he resolved wholly to discountenance and remove him from his Favour and if that would not operate then absolutely to disinherit him and constitute another of his lawfull Sons in his place who was of a Spirit more agreeable to that sweet Temper and generous Galantry of his Ancestours This Resolution he took in imitation of that Custome practised in some of his Provinces where the most favoured and most worthy was elected to the Government the which on this occasion the Inca was desirous to introduce against all the Precedents and Examples of former Incas With this intention the Inca commanded the Prince being now of nineteen or twenty Years of age to avoid the Court allotting him a place of Residence about a League from the City and where were fair and verdant Pastures Eastward from the City which they called Chita and where I my self remember often

to have been and where his Employment was to feed the Cattle of the Sun in company with those Shepherds who were designed for that Service The Prince not being able to resist the Pleasure of his Father submitted to the Banishment and the Disfavour of the Inca which laid as a punishment on him for the Bravery and Gallantry of his Martial Spirit In short he submitted and really applied himself with the other Shepherds to keep and feed the Cattel of the Sun for the space of three years and more where we will leave him untill the time comes which shall bring him on the Stage and to speak well of him if that which we are to mention of him may be called good CHAP. XXI Of the Intelligence which an Apparition gave to the Prince enjoining him to communicate it to his Father THE Inca Yahuar-huacac having in this manner Banished his Eldest Son whose Name we cannot assign because the obscurity of his condition was such as made no impression in the minds of Men so as without the help of Letters to conserve it in remembrance He seemed now to lay aside all the thoughts of War and Conquests of new Provinces and to make the Government of his Dominions and the Conservation of the common peace and quietness to be his onely employment As to his Son he thought it not convenient nor secure to remove him far from his sight that so he might more easily apply those remedies to reclaim him as best suited with his condition nor did he judge it fit to imprison and disinherit and chuse some other in his place for that seemed an expedient too violent and without Example and was a new and unpractised case to depose the true Heir and degrade the Divinity of the Incas of its Right and Honour besides it appeared doubtfull how far the people would assent to this impiety and how ill they would take this harsh usage of the Prince and Heir to the Empire In this wavering and unquiet condition which deprived the Inca of all contentment and repose he passed three years without any observable occurrence during which time he twice Commissionated four of his Kinsmen to visit his Dominions giving to every one their respective charges and dispatches into distinct parts of his Dominions in order to perform such publick Works as might conduce to the honour of the Inca and the common benefit of his Subjects such as the making of Aqueducts raising Magazines for laying up Provisions Royal Houses Fountains and Bridges Causeys and such other Works of publick use But for his own part he never had the courage to depart from his Court but onely there to attend and celebrate the Festivals of the Sun and such like and administer Justice to his Subjects At the end of this long time one day about Noon the Prince entred into the Palace of his Father without any Companion or Attendance like a Person forlorn and in disfavour of his Inca and sent him word that he was there to speak with him having a Message of high importance to deliver The Inca made a quick Answer in his sudden passion that he should without Demur or Reply retire again to the place of his Confinement on penalty of being proceeded against according to that severe punishment which the Law inflicts on those who break the Royal Command The Prince made answer that he was not come thither in contempt of his Commands but in obedience to the Message and Injunction of another Inca as great as himself who sent him to impart unto him matters of high and considerable importance which if he were pleased to hear he desired to be admitted and to have Audience if not he had complied with the Commands of him that sent him and should return again to render an account of his success The Inca hearing him mention another as Great a Lord as himself ordered him to be admitted for he wondered at the impertinence of the Message and the boldness of any who should dare to employ his banished and disgraced Son with Advices of any nature whatsoever The Prince being introduced and standing before his Father said in this manner I am come Sir to make known unto you that sitting this day about Noon under one of those great Rocks which are in the Fields of Chita where by your Order I was employed to feed the Flocks of our Father the Sun I know not whether I was asleep or well awake there appeared before me a Man in a strange Habit and of a Figure different from us His Beard was above a span in length his Garments long and loose reaching down to his Feet and about his Neck he carried a sort of living creature which I know not what to call it because I never saw the like before He called to me and said Cousin I am a Child of the Sun and Brother to the Inca Manco Capac and to Coya Mama Occlo Huaco his Wife and Sister who were the first of your Family and by them I am Allied in Bloud to your Father and all of you being called Inca Viracocha and am sent by our Father the Sun to order you that you immediately carry this Advice to my Brother the Inca acquainting him that the greatest part of the Provinces of Chinchasuyu as well those who are under his Dominion as those which are not are in rebellion and are united in confederacy to assault him and with a strong and numerous Army to cast him from his Throne and destroy the Imperial City of Cozco wherefore I order you immediately to give this intelligence to my Brother the Inca advising him from me that he provide against this emergency and take such vigorous resolutions to prevent it as the importance of this matter doth require And as to thine own particular let me tell thee that in what misfortune soever thou art thou loss not thy courage or spirit for I shall ever be at hand and ready to succour thee as my own flesh and bloud and therefore I strictly admonish thee not to attempt any thing how great soever it be unworthy thy Family and ancient Bloud and the Greatness of thy Empire for I will ever be assistant and near to succour thee in thy greatest and ultimate exigencies Having said these words the Inca Viracocha vanished and I saw him no more and then returning to my self I delayed no time to come and appear before your Majesty to communicate unto you the particulars of these Matters CHAP. XXII Of the Consultation which the Incas held upon the Advice which the Apparition gave THE Inca Yahuar-huacac out of the great displeasure and prejudice which he had taken to his Son would not give any belief or credence to his Relation but rather termed him a Fool and impertinent and that swelled with the vanity of Revelations from his Father the Sun he was come to impose his Enthusiasms for divine Truths and therefore ordered him immediately to return to Chita and to

easily have overcome the Natives and planted themselves in their possessions yet they seemed as yet to have too near a Neighbourhood with the Empire of the Inca whose ambition might soon arrive them and bring them under the same subjection from which they fled and endeavoured to avoid For which reason they marched forward removing themselves as far as it was possible from the reach of the Inca at least to such a distance as during his life it was not probable that his Arms could extend With this intention they travelled bending on the right hand towards the great Mountains of Antis with design to inhabit there and people those places which were most commodious for Humane life Those of this Nation of the Chancas report that they removed 200 Leagues from their own Land but at what place they entred or what parts they peopled it is not certain onely that they entred by a great River and planted their Colonies by the banks of a great Lake where it is said they encreased in such Riches and performed such mighty Acts that they seem rather Romance than Reports fit for a true History And though we may believe or fansie nothing too great for the Courage and Wisedom of Hanco-huallu yet his Actions not falling withins the subject of our History we shall put a period to a Relation of them in this place as impertinent and foreign to our present discourse CHAP. XXVII Of the Colonies sent to inhabit the Lands of Hanco-huallu and the Description of the Valley of Yucay THE Inca Viracocha was much surprised with the News that Hanco-huallu was fled and had abandoned his Countrey which he would have prevented had he been pre-advised of his Intention but since now there was no remedy and that no cause was given to move or force his departure the Inca was the less concerned though the people were generally rejoyced at his Flight to whom the Humour and haughty Disposition of a Prince like him was never pleasant The News of the flight of Hanco-huallu with all the particulars of it being made known and confirmed the Inca commanded his Brother Pahuac Mayta whom he had left Governour at Cozco with two others of his Council to pass with a considerable number of Souldiers into the Countrey of the Chancas there to see and inform themselves of the true state of that remaining people whom they were to treat and caress with all gentleness giving them comfort and assurance of Protection for that though their Prince was fled yet they should not want the care of the Inca who was both more able to defend them as also more mild and loving than their fierce Hanco-huallu These Incas having visited all the Provinces belonging to the Chancas and disposed them to a quiet and satisfied condition they went to the two famous Fortresses of Hanco-huallu built by his Ancestours called Challcu marca and Sura marca Marca in that Language signifying a Castle or Fortress In these places Hanco-huallu passed some days before his departure which as the Indians report he was more troubled to leave than all the other possessions he enjoyed in his Dominions The disturbance which the flight of Hanco-huallu had caused and the consternation in the minds of the People being in some manner quieted and appeased and all other matters of the Empire being well ordered and established the Inca returned again to Cozco to enjoy the fruits of Peace and employ his time in the administration of Justice and performance of matters-beneficial to the wellfare of his Subjects hoping that with time the fears and jealousies which Hanco-huallu had raised would blow over and vanish The first thing therefore that he did was to publish certain Laws which in that conjuncture of Affairs were seasonable and convenient and which served to prevent insurrections of the like nature for the future Next he sent a Colony of about ten thousand Persons under the Command of Incas into the Countrey of the Chancas to supply the places of those who were slain in the Battel of Yahuar-pampu and of those who had deserted their Countrey in company with Hanco-huallu Then he appointed several sumptuous Houses to be built in all places of his Empire particularly in the valley of Yucay which is lower than Tampu For this Valley is the most pleasant and delightfull place in all Peru having for that reason been chosen by all the Kings since the time of Manco Capac for their Garden and place of Recreation to which they often retired to refresh and divertise themselves after the toils and labours which are incident to Government The situation of it is about four Leagues distant Northeast from the City in a most sweet and healthfull Air where the Climate is so temperate that neither cold or heat are in excess the Waters are excellent and cool nor are the Flies or Gnats troublesome or any other insect there poisonous or vexatious It is placed between two Mountains that to the East is the snowy Mountain an arme of which extends to the plain and supplies it with continued streams from which they draw several Branches and convey it by Chanels to water their Grounds Though the middle of this Mountain be lofty rugged and asperous yet at the foot and skirts of it are verdant Pastures and Lands abounding with Fruits where also are all sorts of Game such as Stags and Fallow-Deer the Huanacus and Vicunna which is a Mountain Goat from whence they have the Bezar-stone as also Partridges and all sorts of other Fowl and though the havock which the Spaniards have made hath destroyed all the Game in those parts yet in the place thereof they have planted Vines and Fruit-trees and Sugar-canes which is the improvement they have made in that quarter The other Mountain to the West is not so high or lofty being not above a League in the ascent At the foot thereof runs the plentifull River of Yucay deep and not rapid but passing with a smooth and gentle Current and therefore abounds with great quantities of excellent fish and is frequented with Hearns Wild-Ducks and all sorts of Water-fowl Those that were sick at Cozco which is a cold and sharp Air and therefore not so proper for infirm Bodies usually resorted thither to recover their healths so that there is now no Spaniard who lives at Cozco and esteemed a Man of an Estate but who hath a Country-house or some possession in that Valley This Inca Viracocha had a particular delight and affection for that place and therefore built several Houses there both for oftentation and for pleasure He enlarged the Temple of the Sun both in the Building and also in the number of Servants and Officers endowing it with a Revenue agreeable to the Enlargement And as all the Incas conceived a particular Veneration and Devotion for that Temple so Viracocha seemed more sensibly affected from his religious fervour to that Spirit which appeared to him CHAP. XXVIII The Name which Viracocha gave

his service The bodies of the slain were buried promiscuously together in the field where they died six or seven Corpse being laid together in the Grave but the bodies of the Vice-king of Sancho Sanchez d' Avila of Licenciado Gallego and of Captain Cepeda a Native of Plasencia were brought to the City and there solemnly interred and Gonçalo Piçarro and the other chief Commanders attended the Corpse cloathed in mourning and carrying sadness in their countenances The persons wounded were Don Alonso de Monte Mayor Sebastian Governour of Belalcaçar Hernandez Giron but of Cacetes Carate makes no mention though Diego Fernandez speaks of him in these words Gonçalo Piçarro had an intention to have put Captain Hernandez Giron to death and accordingly gave order for his execution which would have spared him much trouble and prevented the many Commotions which he caused afterwards in Peru but by the intercession of friends and because he fought with much bravery and was the Kinsman of Lorenço Aldana Piçarro was persuaded to grant him his life c. Thus far Fernandez c. Alvarez the Judge whom the Vice-king did always carry along with him received many wounds of which he died in a few days afterwards Some malitiously report that by default of the Chirurgeons whom Piçarro had directed so to doe he was suffered to perish but this report hath gained no credit being as believed malitiously charged by the contrary faction who in such occasions do always cast aspersions on their Adversaries Piçarro did not onely pardon Sebastian de Belalcaçar but sent him away to his Government with the Souldiers he brought to fight against him first taking Oath of fidelity to concern himself for ever afterwards in his service But as to Don Alonso de Monte-mayor Rodrigo Nunnez de Bonilla Treasurer of Quitu with other Persons of quality he banished them into Chili though meeting with a Ship in their way they took her and sailed into new Spain All the prisoners that were taken he assembled together and having considered their several circumstances he hanged Pedro Belis and Pedro Anton by reason that they had in a Boat made their escape from the City of Los Reyes Then as to the others he laid their Crimes before them that without any reason or cause they had taken up Arms against him or rather against their own interest for that he was no otherwise concerned than for their good and for the maintenance of their liberties and privileges howsoever he frankly pardoned them all in consideration that many of them were deceived by false allurements and others forced to take Arms howsoever he promised such as would return to their duty not onely pardon but to receive them into his Camp and into such places and offices as they exercised under the contrary party and that he would esteem and treat them with the same terms and conditions as he did his own Souldiers giving express orders that no man should revile them or provoke them either by words or actions He also dispatched Messengers with News of the Victory into all parts and places of the Kingdom whereby his Friends might be encouraged and his Enemies dismayed Pedro de Alarcon was dispatched with his Ship to Panama to carry the News of this Victory to Pedro de Hinojosa and ordered at his return to bring Vela Nunnez and the other prisoners As to other matters great consideration was had touching the methods how things were to be carried on for the future and it was agreed that the Fleet should be sent along the Coast of New Spain and Nicaragua to take and burn all the Ships they should meet in those Seas whereby all designs might be prevented which might probably produce farther mischiefs after which the Fleet was to repair to Los Reyes that in case his Majesty should send any Dispatches by that way there being no conveyance for them nor means to dispeed them to Peru it might occasion great delays and disappointments which gave great advantage towards the settlement of affairs as will hereafter appear Gonçalo Piçarro confiding much in the faithfulness of Pedro de Hinojosa and in those who were with him for that being persons truly noble both by birth and virtue and raised by him from poverty and a mean degree to riches and honour he conceived an opinion that by all the obligations of gratitude they would adhere with all sincerity to his interest and therefore rejected the Council given him by his Friends esteeming such cautions too mean for his great soul and spirit who was used to surmount all difficulties with open force and a high hand Captain Alarcon made his voyage according to his Instructions and returned with Piçarro's Son and Vela Nunnez and three other prisoners two of which he hanged for having uttered some opprobrious words against him he designed also to have hanged the third but that his Son interceded for him alledging that he had many obligations to him on the score of the civilities and good offices he had done him during the time of his imprisonment Vela Nunnez was sent to Quitu where Piçarro granted him his pardon on condition that he should live quietly and without causing any Commotions or Plots against him for that in case any contrivances of that nature were discovered he was to expect no pardon of which he fairly admonished him and for better security he took him with him to the City of Los Reyes and treated him with much frankness all the way and perhaps with more freedom than in prudence he ought to have shown to a declared Enemy but Piçarro believed of him as he did of others that he was a person noble and sincere Licenciado Cepeda the Judge of whom we have been too silent accompanied Piçarro in all this expedition and was present at the Battel and fought more like a Souldier than a Lawyer Whilst these matters were in agitation Piçarro held his Court at Quitu from whence he dispatched all Orders and Decrees which he had made for the quiet and peaceable Government of the Empire for having desolved the Court of Judicature he acted singly and by his own authority Judge Cepada was with him Licenciado Alvarez was dead Doctour Texada was gone into Spain in quality of Ambassadour Carate was the onely Judge remaining at Los Reyes but he was infirm and sickly and unable to act any thing in the matters of Justice wherefore Gonçalo Piçarro being the sole Administratour of the Laws took upon him to acquit himself in the dispensation of Justice for the quiet and peace of the Land to the benefit of Indians and Spaniards and propagation of the Christian Faith. As Francisco Lopez de Gomara affirms in the 133th Chapter of his History the Title of which is this Of the good Government of Gonçalo Piçarro during the absence of Francisco de Carvajal and how afterwards at the Instigation of several persons he would take upon him the Title of King. All the time that

this Gentleman did not pass into Peru we do not find his Name in List of the Vice-Kings which were transported into that great Kingdom In the mean time whilst these matters were transacting in the Court of Spain the Vice-King of Peru dispatched away his Son Don Garcia de Mendoça for Governour and Captain General of the kingdom of Chile which was become vacant by the Death of Geronimus de Alderete who died on his way thither of grief to think that 800 Persons perished in the Galeon by his fault and the fault of his Sister-in-Law for he knew well that if it had not been in consideration of him the Master of the Ship would not have given License to that Religious Woman to keep a Candle in her Cabin by night which was the destruction of the Vessel and of all those therein The advancement of Don Garcia de Mendoça to that Charge and Trust was pleasing to all those of Peru so that many Souldiers and Persons of Estates offered themselves freely to accompany him in that Expedition knowing that it would be a Service acceptable to his Majesty and to the Vice-King Santillian the Chief Judge of the Chancery was appointed Deputy Governour to Don Garcia and to direct and guide him and he was earnestly intreated to accept of this Office. Great preparations were made over all the Kingdom for this Journey of Armes Horses Cloaths and other Ornaments which cost very dear in this Country where all the Commodities of Spain are raised to a vast price The Vice-King also appointed three other Gentlemen of Quality for three several parts which were within that Conquest namely Gomez Arias John de Salinas and Anton de Aznayo every one of which was very stu●●ous to discharge his Duty in his Office respectively Don Garcia de Mendoça being gone to his Government attended as we have said with a great number of Choice and Select Persons So soon as he was in the possession thereof he speedily designed the Conquest of the Indian Araucos who were become very insolent and proud by those Victories which they had gained over the Spaniards The first was that over Don Pedro de Valdivia which was followed by some others afterwards which are written in Verse by the Poets of those times which had been much more properly delivered in Prose for then we might have given Credit thereunto more than we can to the Fictions of Poetry The Governour having in a short time provided himself with all things necessary for the War entered into the rebelled Provinces with a number of brave Men Arms Amunition and Provisions for the Enemy had carried away every thing leaving the Country naked and without any Sustenance for an Army They had not entered very far into these parts but the Indians had fitted an Ambush for them and had composed a Vanguard of 5000 Indians with orders not to fight nor come within any danger of being forced by the Enemy to an engagement The Spaniards being informed by their Scouts and Spyes sent abroad that the Indians fled before them without any stop or stay in a setled place gave order to pursue them with all convenient speed and yet with such Caution as not to be entrapped by their Ambushes or Surprisals for the Governour at the time he first entered into that Country had been fore-warned by those who had been acquainted with the Stratagems which those People use in the War by skirmishing and flying to be always circumspect and doubtful of them Howsoever so eager was the Governour to pursue the Enemy in hopes totally to destroy them and by a bloody slaughter of them to discourage the rest from making farther opposition that he made little use of the Caution which was given him for leaving his Camp and Tents he followed the Enemy a whole day and a night and being removed at a good distance from thence out came the Indians from their holes and places where they had been hidden and seized on the Camp without any opposition and plundered and carried away all the Baggage and Necessaries belonging to the Army With the News hereof the Governour was forced to give over his chase and see to recover what the Enemy had plundered from him but it was too late for they were returned to their secret Holds and to the places where they had concealed their booty past all recovery The news of this success came to Peru almost as soon as that of the Governours arrival in the seat of his Government so that all the World wondered at this sudden accident and how in so short a time the Indians should be such Gainers and the Spaniards such Losers for they had lost all their Baggage even to their very Shirts and wearing Cloaths To repair this disaster the Vice-King sent away with all speed new Recruits of all things that were necessary in which he expended out of the King's Treasury vast sums of Gold and Silver at which People much murmured as Palentino saith meaning the first expence which was made when Don Garcia went to his Government of Chili but mentions not this second charge occasioned by the Robbery which the Indians had made upon him which was more displeasing than the former and moved People to say That the Vice-King for the sake of his Son had exhausted the Kings Exchequer of all the Treasure But as to what succeeded afterwards in the Kingdom of Chile we shall leave to other Writers and confine our selves to the Territories of Peru having expatiated our selves from thence no farther than only to touch on the departure of the Vice-Kings Son from thence and the death of Loyola Those who think fit to write the History of that Kingdom will find subject enough whereon to enlarge their Discourses on a War which hath continued already for fifty eight years between the Indians and Spaniards that is The Araucans rebelled towards the end of the year 1553 and now we are in the year 1611 and the Wars not as yet ended We might here recount the unhappy death of the Governour Francisco de Villagra with 200 Spaniards more which happened on that ridge of Mountains which hath ever since had the name of Villagra We might here also tell of the death of Major General John Rodulfo with 200 men with him whom they killed on the Bogg or Marsh of Puren I could wish to have been informed of the several particular successes of these Affairs and many greater which happened in this warlike Kingdom that I might have added them to this History But I do not doubt where People have been born with such Martial Spirits but that the same Countrey will produce in future Ages Sons of her own endued with a Spirit and Genius of Learning capable to write their own History And it shall be my Prayer to God That Knowledge and Learning may flourish in all that famous Kingdom CHAP. XIV The Heirs of those who were put to Death for siding with Francisco Hernandez Giron