Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	artery_n	blood_n	vein_n	5,874	5	10.2889	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

I observe by their method that they were rather narrators one from anothe then truly actors but be it as it will this one comfort the Surgeon shall be Comfort to the patient in ubscissing in the mortified part sure to find thereby he shall no way endanger his patient in that course either by losse of blood or spirits nor shall the Patient endure any pain at all in the act of amputation after that way and the practice is good and warrantable in divers yea in most cases as hereafter I shall explain and as my self of many yeares experience may boldly affirm and it is likewise beneficial for the Common-wealth and for a true instance of the truth thereof I have many of my Patients so dismembred at the writing hereof living and in perfect health I mean which were dismembred in the putrid part and that upon some Patients on both the legges at one instant performed amongst which tryals I made of one legge was in Anno Domini 1617. Secondly I had one Thomas Brown about Anno 1619. a Sayler who had received a great wound by Gun-shot at Sea upon the right legge the greater Fossels A bislory for an example thereof being broken in sunder so that the shot had carried away two inches of the said bone in length together with the lacerating the muscles nerves Artcries Veines c. whereby it was so contused lacerated and torn asunder with also so much losse of substance that nature could not bear to heat that member to be any way serviceable for ought besides there had followed upon the wound so great and intolerable hemorrage or expence of blood and spirits that the member mort fied by reason of the former great evacuations and contusions neither could nature in that Patient possibly have born a dismembring Losse of blood causeth Gangrena in a whole part without eminent danger of present death and so was the estate and case of this Patient before he came by me to be cured in Saint Bartholomews Hospital wherefore considering well his most desperate estate I resolved to make a second experience of him and did take off the wounded legge in the lacerated dead part wherein I conceive as afore-said all men of judgment will easily be of opinion that the Patient by that work was without danger of death or pain and without losse of any drop of blood and I healed this patient by Gods mercy in five moneths and he had been by the half sooner whole had not he lost so exceeding much blood and spirits by his wounds as afore-said and this Patient was living at the writing hereof being many yeares after the amputation the method of which cure with the manner of amputating thereof shall God assisting me hereafter be set down Another example The next I took off in the mortified place was one Thomas Hog a shippe-Carpenter a Scotchman who also was living at the writing hereof this man at his labour aboard the shippe standing stoutly at his work at the straining of a Cable as it was running out of the bits of the ship as the Sea-men terme it the Cable tooke hold of his legge close by the ankle and forceably bruised in peices not onely the veines arteries and nerves with the softer parts but brake also the bones in sunder with extream violence insomuch as by reason of the want of a Surgeon present to dresse him by great effusion of blood and spirits the legge mortified the next day and he after that fell unto my part in the Hospital to be cured the which being emboldened by the good successe of the two former I took off his legge also in the mortified part as I did the other and made a perfect cure thereof in three moneths and he followed the trade of a ship-Carpenter at the writing hereof Another example Also two yeares after I cured an Apprentice of one Master Goddard an Upholster at the sign of the Crown in the Poultry in London named John Harding in his Masters house who after a fierce pestilential Feavour had his right legge mortified in bed as he lay and I took it off in the mortified part at or near the gartering place which by the ancient use of Art of our times must have been taken off in a sound place notwithstanding the great feeblenesse of the Patient at that time and his eminent danger of death he being extream feeble and at the point of death in which case to have taken it off in the sound part he doubtlesse would have dyed under my hand but by Gods mercy he lived divers yeares after and went most neatly on an Artificial legge not easily discovered Another history Remarkable A history or a relation of a remarkable example of an amputation by me performed upon a woman in Saint Bartholomews Hospital of both her legges and part of seven of her fingers in one morning together all taken off in the mortified part without pain The amputation of both the legs and part of seven fingers of a woman in one morning or losse of blood or spirits at all and the woman was living at the writing hereof and the Patient was a certain poor maid or woman servant in London named Ellin French of whom there were made Bookes and Ballads that were sung about the streets of her namely that whereas the said maid or servant was given to pilfering and being accused thereof by her M●ster and Mistresse used to curse and swear and with words of execration to wish that if she had committed the crime she stood accused of that then her legges and hands might rot off the which thing accordingly no doubt by the providence of God came to passe as a judgement upon her namely that both her legges almost to the gartering place with parts of seven of her fingers did rot off the which wretched woman neverthelesse being referred to me in Saint Bartholomews Hospital to be cured by Gods mercy and permission I healed her perfectly by cutting off both the Sphacelated legges in the mortified parts with also part of her seven fingers as is said all in one morning without pain terrour or of any losse of blood unto her in the taking them off and made her perfectly whole in a very short time namely within three moneths so merciful is our God unto us vile creatures when we are most unworthy of such his mercies she is at the instant writing hereof also living Now with your friendly patience onely one example more I will trouble you with namely of the cure of a mortification proceeding of a Carbuncle in a Feavour Pestilential by me performed and I A his●●ry will therein conclude my shewing of instances although I could declare many more of living persons and I will haste to shew forth the manner of my acting of such amputations The work was of a certain Stationer then dwelling in Pauls Church-yard whose name I conceal for that at the writing hereof

the facility thereof and for the saving of blood and spirits I have thought fit to commend to your consideration this new method as to the discretion of the Artist shall be esteemed fit Also I have observed that in surfeited delicate bodies of great personages such as are over-pomper'd with pleasure ease and fulnesse if by any way or accidents such happen to have a Gangrene seldome one of them escapeth death especially if they be ancient and have the dropsie or Scorbute and on the contrary amongst those which are weak poor indigent and miserable people which have bin by long continued ulcers fistulaes or other grievous maladies spent to extream weaknesse although seeming half dead before the work begin scarce two of ten dye amongst them upon amputation if the work be judiciously and in a fit way and time performed for I by practice have often observed that where an infirmity hath pulled down a Patient low and almost past hope of recovery especially if the disease proceeded by any outward violence that such bodies have bin by my experience found to be generally most hopeful of recovery either by amputation in the one or the other kind as the occasion will most fittest bear and on the contrary persons that are to be dismembred in full strength if it be to be acted in the sound part bear a far greater venture of their lives then the miserable dejected wretches do as aforesaid except it can be effected in the putrid part And one observation more to be by all men had in regard namely that our God in Naturehath created in mans body such a strong antipathie betwixt the living and the dead parts thereof that when by any violence in Nature either by distemperature from within testified by Feavours Pestilential or others or by the outward violence of Engines of Warre or other incident mischances as by Fractures Contusions c. whereby one part or limb of mans body becommeth sphacelated and dead before the other it is manifest that the living parts do as it were either in fear or disdain of the dead parts or for some other secret cause in Nature though not without great pain and grief notably withdraw themselves each from the other as in disdain leaving neither warmth not at all any comfort motion nor sense either by blood or spirits or ought else moving in the dead Veines Nerves nor Arteries neither any sense in the Periostcon that sensible Panicle that covereth the bones but as by a comparison of a Snail may in part be explained they wholly withdraw themselves for the Snail having by the vertue of natural warmth stretched her self out of her shell either for her necessity nourishment or delight in a moment apprehending cold or danger retyres into her shell and with all her force by her own slime shuts her self close up again and so rests her self in a supposed safety with her no doubt content even so all the living instruments faculties or vessels of Nature as in a nauseous disdain contempt or fear of the dead parts forsake the sphacelated parts and leave them utterly desperate and impotent and by vertue of the Radical Balsam of Nature contracts and shrowds her relict living parts as Artists may judge by the mortified toes of children but much the better where Art is at hand to aid Nature so that thereby the dead parts become as a noysome and heavy burthen to the living parts so as if you wound the sphacelated part it is not onely senselesse but also it is without blood or spirits at all neither doth blood or humours run any more nor so much as move in the sphacelated or putrid Veines at all and whilest lively Nature is as aforesaid shutting her dead enemy out of her living doores by stopping up all the breaches that she may hold the relict of her own if animal Art have not the charity to take her dead enemy from her yet vital agility assisted by natural motion and will in his due time doth efficiate what fairly can be expected for the assisting of Nature and supplying all defects proceeding ex intemperie all which excellent offices in Nature no question proceed de praesciencia Dei Here followeth a brief relation of amputation or of dismembring in general but more particularly being for the taking off of members in the rotten or mortified places which ha●h in many cases been approved by the Authour thereof by his own long experience FOr brevity sake in this place I will not spend time to write of the general diseases causes or reasons that might urge the amputation of any member having elsewhere written somewhat thereof onely my intent for the present is to aquaint the younger sort with my long experienced practice for the manner of dismembring in a mortified part where just cause is offered having undertakeen it meerly for the publique good by informing the younger sort of Surgeons as well for their incouragements in the safe and warrantable putting in practice my pactical Method therein as also to shew and fore warn them from being over-much mis-led in the insisting upon old errours and traditions of their Masters Patrons and Predecessours too punctually As for example A Chirurgical ●ase put betwixt two Surgeons Suppose the younger Surgeon in consultation with his Friend or Brother Surgeon by way of asking advice should put the case and say I have a Patient that hath the toes of his feet putrefied fistulated and many wayes perforated with foul bones therein so that it is unsound even almost to the joynts of the ankle or the like and I have endeavoured by Art and with advice the best I can to heal him and cannot prevail in the Cure Wherefore since the toes of the foot cannot be cured the rest of the foot as unprofitable were as I suppose best to be taken away and no lesse of the legge also for it will be but a hinderance to the Patient considering that he cannot stand thereon and is full of grievous pain I will therefore conclude according to custome to take all off a little below the Gartering place leaving a fit room for the stilt to rest the body upon The which his said friend admitteth of as good practice and so he proceedeth to the work as being a rational and fair course and warrantable If the rest of his suggestion or indications be answerable The Chirurgical case answered and admitted unto the aforesaid allegation the work is doubtlesse good and so I my self would heretofore have done untill my practice taught me better things but now by my own practice which I much rather would ground on then upon ipse dixit I take a shorter course For if the bones of the toes of the feet onely were foul fistulated c. as is suggested yea and therefore incurable for so stands the suggestion as being so by reason of some great contusion wound or ulcer or otherwise as aforesaid with divers fragments of foul bones in them or the

have ready a band and bolster to make it up again that Of the Launces points Of the veine opened his launcets be not too spear pointed I mean small pointed for the broadest pointed Launcets make the best work likewise that orifice be large not deep yet not overlarge for it is overlarge when the blood tumbleth out without a stream for that spendeth too much the spirits and it is also too narrow when the stream is small and the veine is puffed up with wind Note also that if your Patient incline to faintnesse Of faintnisse in blood-letting with a remedy or swounding you cause him betimes to thrust his longest finger of the other hand into his throat and a little provoke himself to casting it helpeth presently let him reiterate the same work if occasion be But if he chance on a suddain as oft it happeneth to be gone in a swound beware you lay him not on his back with his head too low as it is usual Of sweunding in blood letting the remedy approved with some to do for so you may chance to lose him I have seen the like once done by an ignorant blood-letter wherefore remember it but rather bend him with one arme forewards and with your other hand stop very close his mouth and nostrels and in very short time you shall perceive wind to come and it will gather to his mouth and he will strive for breath then let go your hand and all is well and as often as he fainteth do so This is a safe course which with good successe I have used from my youth to this day The quantity of blood to be taken away at sea Further note that at sea especially where fresh food or good nourishment is not at hand it is good to be sparing in the quantity of blood to be taken away and rather often take blood away then too much at once except blood abound too much which is not easily judged by every young Artist For sometimes the party is idle-headed by distemper of the blood which by cooling broths and julips ought rather to be tempered providing also that he have the benefit of nature I mean a loose body Remedies for idlenesse in the head through distemperature of blood Phlebotomie not ealwayes to be used or be provoked thereto by art and by this means rather seek to cure then by rash Pplebotomy for you must consider that in the blood consisteth the life of man wherefore be not rash in that work and as is said hold ever this rule that if the Patient neither on the day thou wouldest open a vain nor on the day before we have had a stoole that thou attempt not to let him blood before first he hath had one stoole procured Observe well Of the vains to be opened him at the least if not more which is soonest and safest done by a suppository the next safest and better way is by a glister The veines commonly opened are six in number namely one in the forehead one under the tongue three in the arm and one in the foot The three in the arm are most in use whose names are Cephalica the uppermost or head vain so called of the Greek word Cephale which signifieth a head and is commonly opened in all griefs of the head where it can be taken in want whereof it is almost as good to take the middle veine The next is the median or the middle veine it is the second principall vein which is generally taken as indifferent for the whole body Aspecial observation concerning the liver vein The third is the Basilica or the liver vein being the lowest in the arm and more respecteth the liver then the two former But hold this general rule that if thou intend the opening of a vein to help the liver and that the liver vein will not be well taken then take the median vein for thou must know that all veins have their original in the liver Some arms have but one fair vein appearing then it followeth of necessity thou must take that for many learned Physicians are of opinion that generally the fullest vein in the arm is best and fittest to be taken except some special cause alter their minds for their words are often quae majus turget majus urget which may be englished the vein which sheweth most is most faulty Causes of b●ood letting in the forehead Under the tongue In the saphane vein The vein in the fore-head is also often taken for pains in the head as rheumes distillations of humours and the like The veins under the tongue in the squinancie or angine imflammations and swellings of the Amygdals of the throat or of the root of the tongue the liver vein called saphane chiefly is taken for womans sicknesses not often seen at sea though some necessary occasions chance of the taking thereof in men at sea for diverting and sometimes for curing of some special diseases which for brevity having spent my limited time I omit Incision knife THis Instrument is mentioned in the beginning of the uses of Instruments under the title Incision knife The Burras Pipe From whence it hath its original The use of the Burras Pipe THis Instrument thus named doubtlesse was by a Surgeon borrowed at first from some Gold or Silver-smith and never paid him again for the Gold smiths use it daily and cannot perform their works without a Burras Pipe but the Surgeons make other use thereof namely for the most part to retain corroding powders in as Vitrioll burnt Allom praecipitate and such other caustick medicines which well used perform very much in healing So also their abuse bringeth The danger of the abuse of it shame to the Artist and often unrecoverable damage to the Patient For it is common with many Artists in the healing of new wounds to mix praecipitate either with a digestive Unguent or with Basilic●n and Dorsell or plegents laid on tents according to the form of the wound and An errour in healing of a new wound observed to put it in as they say either to enlarge the wound or to help digestion to take away proud flesh to mundifie and the like and if not praecipitate then must they be busie with Vitrioll or Allom burned or with Directions for the cure of a new wound some caustick medicine in that kind But I would advise the Surgeons Mate not to use any corroding medicine at all in new or fresh wounds but let the flesh grow as proud as it will the ground being clear from whence it groweth namely if it be from a wound wherein is no putrified bones and if so be that the wound be full of flesh and then will not cicatrize a little burned Allom or Vitrioll will doe well and then to your former dressing again remembring that each third or fourth dressing be merely drie lint you shall find good therein and if you onely take lint and wet it

the disease hath his beginning the more dangerous it may be adjudged By the complaint of the sick you shall know partly in what part of the body the disease is though not alwayes if the small guts be in the fault there is alwayes great pain about the navil but if it be in the gut Duodenum colon or rectum then the chief pain is in the lower parts of the belly according to their places The causes of the Flux with the signs of death This disease proceedeth sometimes by Apostumation of the small guts and then it is exceeding painful before it come to a Flux neither can any anodine glyster prevail at all to give ease till the full suppuration of the guts be perfected and that the Apostume be br●ken If this disease proceed from a former great obstruction either of the liver of the lungs or the speen there is small hope of life to be had Also when convulsions of the sinews singultas and vomitting or any one of these signs especially the two first appear then commonly death is at hand One learned Writer rehearsing Hippocrates for his Author saith that usually before death in this disease a black or blewish spot will appear behind the left ear of the sick which I also have seen observing it of late you shall find Plantane water to be a very good liquor to give any dry medicine in for the flux especially where there is any complaint of Plantane water and seeds and roots are very good for the flux heat or excoriation Plantane seeds are also good and so is a decoction of the roots of Plantane very good for that use or for glysters where it may be had The purging medicines which are called Diauretick or that provoke urine are also praised by Writers but I leave them to be done with great judgement onely if you use any medicine to cause urine the powder of yellow Amber is a sure one and without any manifest hot or offensive quality so is the powder of the Sea-horse peezel and the morse tooth of any of which if you give ʒj for one dose you may safely do it but ℈ is sufficient at once Oyl of Terbinthine and of Amber are good diau●●tick medicines and much more fotceable then the former but not so fit in this disease but rather good to drive gravel from the kidneys and serve well touching the The giving of vomits require great care and a good judgement cure of many cold and slothful diseases as the Dropsie Scurvy Lethargy and the like A vomitive medicine is not amiss in Fluxes whilst the party hath strength but the young Artist may easily make an error small in shew which notwithstanding may quickly cost a man his life wherefore if he attempt in such eases to cause vomit as one principle let him have care to the true dose of his medicines but first let us have good confideration whether it be convenient to use any such medicine or no for where easier medicines will cure never attempt greater but mistake me not I speak these things of love onely to children in Art and not to grave Artists from whom I would gladly learn my self Further I advise the younger Artists not to strive to stay a Flux as is said in a full body till nature be first unburthened partly by the disease and partly by medicines fit But as concerning Phlebotomy rehearsed as necessary in the cure of this disease do it not without great discretion and judgement for the Patient weakned formerly with so terrible a sicknesse and his spirits spent bleeding by a vein not advisedly done may suddenly overthrow and kill him yet again I must confesse that rule holdeth not generally CERTAIN SIGNES PROGNOstications and instructions which I hope will not be unprofitable for YOUTH concerning Fluxes The signs preceding the flux THe Signs of the disease are alwaies manifest of themselves the signs afore-running or demonstrating of the instant disease are these following Pain and torture of the intestines or ventricle Galen testifieth cap. 2. locorum affectorum in the very beginning of a Flux saith he sharp choler is sent forth wringings and as it were off-scouring or off-shavings of the intestines appear then after there followeth a little blood and then beginneth the disease Dysentery and by the relation of the Patient it will often appear if the pain be above or below the Navil A painful slow expulsion of the excrements of the belly with small fragments bloody and fatty do argue the higher intestines to be affected but if the grief be lower a pain below the The excrements in fragments and fat therewith Navil shall torment the Patient then you shall see much fatnesse with fragments and those fragments of the lower intestines will be more grosse and lesse mingled with the excrements A Dysentery slaying popularly and killing many may be adjudged contagious and is thought to follow a pestilential constitution and if in the times of a general infection by the disease Dysentery or Lientery a white Flux called Diarrhaea with Tenasmus appear in the Patient that party a little after shall be afflicted with the Dysentery The Ulcers of of the small intestines are more dangerous then the ulcers of the greater Difficulty of the intestines if it proceed from a black choler is held mortal Aph. 24. Sect. 4. Mortal signs in the Dysentery Long difficulties of the intestines hunger and wearinesse are evil signes and it is so much the worse if it be with a fever ●ph 3. Sect. 6. Every Flux especially if it be Dysenterial happening after a long sicknesse is mortal but chiefly if it be sudden because it argueth a sudden corruption of humours and great debility A Flux drawing to a languishing dropfie is mortal If in a Dysenteria a blew blew spot appear behind the ear the Patient shall dye The Fluxes that are from the beginning waterish and afterwards like an unguent are evil In all Fluxes of the belly and in all other diseases of weaknesse of the appetite inconstancy of the minde heavinesse in sleep imbecility of the legs a hoarse and barking voice a weak pulse beating often pains over the whole body chiefly about the belly blacknesse of the face or of a deadly or leady colour and coldnesse in all the extreme parts theseafore-said signs foretel evil but the signs contrary to these aforesaid are healthful The Hicket after an immoderate flux of the belly is mortal A good sign Belching following a Flux of the belly is good because it is a sign that nature hath received or again begun concoction A bad sign A flux of the belly which is not appeased by fit remedies is pernitious A pestilent flux of the belly beginning with lienteria Dearrheae or Tenasmus is worse in children then in ancient men as experience teacheth If that by the difficulty of the Intestines the excrements come forth like peeces of flesh it is a deadly sign Aph. 26.

pence weight according to their several ages and capacities and also if you can and that you have convenience it is good that you remove the sick Patient sometimes from one Bed to another where convenience means and ability is and that you use sprinkling the Rooms with Wine Vineger sometimes as is said where it may be had Of such Dyet as is fitting for the sick of the Plague to take FIrst note that a very sparing Dyet in general is the most fir if the Patients have full bodies but in this disease commonly all appetite is forgotten with the Patient yet when you find that the danger of death by the disease is over and that the Patient amendeth then good refreshing and nourishing food is best using it sparingly Fitting meats to be eaten by the sick And first for the delicate and they which may have it let them in the Name of God eat Pheasant Partridge Quail Chickens Rabbits Capons Veal Lamb or Mutton any of these are very good taken with moderation And so are all field-Birds which are used to be eaten excepting those which live upon the Water as the Swan Unfitting meats Goose Duck Plover Wigion c. Also generally the most kind of fresh-Water Fish may well be eaten of except the Eel the Tench Meats forbidden and the Salmon Playce Flounders Whitings Soles Smelts and such like are good moderately taken also Pearch Roch Stone Gudgeons Breames Trouts Fresh Beefe and Pork are excepted against and I think it fit to avoid it where there is no want of other things But on the contrary where there is scarcity let thy ability be thy guide and in the Name of God in want of others let none be so unwise to refuse Beef nor the Broth or pottage thereof for experience sufficiently approveth them good neither egges poached nor soft sodden no nor Bread and Butter when their stomachs will bear it for these all nourish well very moderately taken And remember that if your Patient begin to amend of his disease and that his appetite grow deny him not competent food in a sparing manner and let him have as neer as may be that which is of light digestion and not too much at once but give it him often For understand that after once the masse of blood hath been corrupted and that Nature by Gods mercy with the help of good meanes hath again gotten the upper hand the body will require good nourishment and often to be supplyed The use of Verjuyce is very wholesome in the disease with Meats and also in Possets where inward heat is and thirst withal but not where cold is and the use of Goose-berries of unripe grapes Preserved Cherries Prunes sowre Pomegranates and the like are very good as is else-where mentioned and no lesse good is the use of Oranges Lemons Pome-Citrons and Pomegranates The cure of Angina Mendosa or a false Squinancy being a species of a contagious touch happening when the Plague reigneth Being a pain in the Neck or lower parts of Gula or of the Muscles of the Neck and Throat in which sicknesse there is generally small or no External nor Internal appearance although there sometime is in both and therefore is called Angina Mendosa Phlebotomy needful MAny begin the disease of the Plague with the aforesaid complaint for which one good remedy is Phlebotomy at the first not under the tongue onely in that case for that if you do it sufficeth not in so fierce a disease but that you must also be forced to open a vein in the arm Wherefore let the Surgeon if he be urged thereunto take the fullest vein of the arm of that side which the pain or complaint inclineth most unto but concerning general evacuation by Phlebotomy in Pestilential Feavours never do it when any indication of a Crisis by the disease appeareth for fear of offence and if so be that one side suffer not more then another then take it on the right arm and take a reasonable good quantity of blood namely from The quantity of blood to be taken a man 6 or 8 ounces or ten ounces not more for fear of dejecting the spirits and a lesser proportion to a weaker Patient and make a reasonable large orifice which in such a case is best and if after apparent need be which seldome is open the veines under the tongue but howsoever I would begin with the arm And for a Gargarisme use Barley water with Diamoro● and a little Ordering of ●argarismes of Syrup of Vineger or a little Sal-niter is very good and for outward application take a small handful of Camomil flowers of clean ashes of wood without coales or drosse a handful and a few Rose leaves and two spoonfuls of oyl of Roses with as much of wine Vineger boyl it with small beer into a Cataplasme and very warm apply it and shift it morning and evening if the rose leaves be not to be had or the Camomil flowers use Elder leaves in place it will do well and ordinary oyl or butter for a need will serve where oyl of Roses is wanting or the old Medicine of Mel and Album Graecum with a little Vineger mixed is right good and the next morning after Phlebotomy give the patient a Diaphoretick of Aurum Vitae eight graines and appoint him to sweat four houres and no doubt but the disease will be therewith soon at an end Of the use of Phlebotomy in the aforesaid disease I have had experience oftentimes this yeere and even upon my own Son who being in a violent burning Feavour with an Angina Mendosa and being very unwilling to be let blood under the tongue first for fear of losse of time I caused to give him a suppofitory then after within ●three houres I gave him a Cordial Diaphoretick Gr. 8. of Aurum vitae which he did sweat upon for three or almost four houres very plentifully and was somewhat revived and reasonable chearful neverthelesse he still finding a great fulnesse of blood entreated me to open a vein for him in the Arm the which I did and took from him as I conceived ten ounces of blood he being of a full able body and about twenty yeeres of age and without any more medicines or time of complaint by Gods mercy he came to his perfect health again the second day from the beginning of his desease And I may truly to Gods glory affirm that in this yeere 1638 I have cured very many of Feavours with also complaints of swellings in their throats meerly by that Diaphoretick of Gold of my own practice called Aurum vitae and that with onely one dose given and no more and the parties became thereby perfectly whole the very next day without the taking any other Medicine and by the same medicine and onely by the once giving I also have healed very many of the Plague in one day whereof some had risings of tumours which by their once sweating spent without further

the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great inc●sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Abla●a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorr●l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessa●y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have