each Muscle which according to Anatomists are Four Nerves Arteries Veins and Lymphaeducts the Nerves and Arteries furnish the Muscles with Spirits and Blood the Veins and Lymphaeducts carry back the superfluity of Blood and Lympha The Branches of all these Vessels are minutely distributed through the whole Muscle and by an intermixture and texture of the most Minute and Subtile Branches of the same is formed that Substance which fills up the Interstices of the Fibers and which denominates the whole Belly of a Muscle Fleshy The colour of these Vessels as of all others is without doubt White but by the Contents of the Sanguiferous Vessels the whole Belly of a Muscle is coloured Red. The Terminations of these Vessels are so minute and small so brittle and subject to be broke that it 's as difficult to trace and find their Terminations and Insertions as to divide a Hair into an Hundred Parts and though many things are made visible by the help of Microscopes which are otherwise too subtile to be discerned and discovered by the naked Eye yet I am not without Reason perswaded that the terminations of these Vessels cannot be perceived by the help of a Microscope Some indeed whatever they think is probable lest it should not be credited presently strenuously affirm they saw it with their Microscopes and so easily impose on those that less inquire after truth themselves but take it on trust from others and perhaps prevent those not so exquisitely skill'd in Microscopes from making any further search after truth I shall not here say that what I propose concerning the Terminations of these Vessels was seen with any Microscope but shall declare my Opinion in this Matter too subtile for any Microscope but Reason It being impossible for any one to understand the true Reason of Muscular Motion unless first acquainted with the distribution of these Vessels and their Contents first I conceive that as the Nerves Arteries and Veins are all distributed through a Muscle so it is but Reasonable to conclude that their minute and subtile twigs are all before they terminate interwoven and mixed with one another And if so it will not be absurd to imagine that they all end as it were in small and Diminutive Glands And if the ends of the Vessels be so small that their terminations cannot be perceived by a Microscope these Glandules composed of the Invisible ends of the aforesaid Vessels must needs be very small and fine and consequently may not be perceived by the help of extraordinary Microscopes From these Glandules thus formed are derived short Ducts or Passages for the conveyance of a subtile Liquor out of the aforesaid Glandules into the Cavities of the Carnous Fibers This Passage very likely may be composed of the external Arterial Coat Into the Cavity of the Carnous Fibers besides these Ducts the twigs of the Lymphaeducts are also inserted to carry back a superfluous Lympha If any one thinks it improper or absurd to assert that these Vessels do thus terminate as if it were in small Glandules let him but consider what a Gland is and how it is composed and he will not think the Conclusion irrational For a Gland is nothing else but a Composition of an Infinite Number of small and diminutive Vessels several and most of which have Communication one with another which Gland so composed is as a Store-house to receive and contain a certain Liquor till necessity requires or its quantity causes an exclusion of it And this seems plainly to be favour'd by Dr. Ridley when he says that the whole Body is a continuity of Vessels ad infinitum Now if a Gland consists of an infinite Number of small Vessels and if the Branches of Nerves Veins and Arteries be divided before they terminate into an innumerable number of most invisible twigs as is most certain when from one twig of each sort is derived a vast number and all these so derived are mixed and interwoven one with another why may we not say at least Metaphorically since they in their Distributions imitate the Composition of Glands that they terminate in small Glandules Some perhaps will ask how must we discover these Glands Malpigius hath observed the Liver to be composed of Clusters of Glands hanging at the Extremities of the larger Vessels like so many Bunches of Grapes and the Glands in other parts are apparent but in a Muscle we can discern no such things for it especially when boiled parts into distinct Carnous Fibers To which I Answer That those Glands are nothing else but a Composition of the ends of importing and exporting Vessels and the Reason why we cannot discern the same in a Muscle is this because the Extremities of the Vessels are so fine and consequently so brittle and are contained in the Interstices of so strong and firm Fibers that whenever we endeavour a separation of the Fibers the Glandules are torn away from the Vessels from which they are derived whereas the Fibers which run transverse the Liver easily crumble away being much more weak and less Numerous The Reason why the Muscular Fibers are so much stronger than those that run through the Liver is apparent enough Viz. because the former are the Instruments of Motion and consequently there lies a greater stress of them than on the latter which serve to make the Part a little more compact and to keep the outward Coat from being loose upon it's Circumference Now because it is impossible to separate and remove these Muscular Fibers so as to leave the Sanguiferous Vessels as entire as would be requisite for the exact and certain discovery of their Terminations and because it is certain that these Vessels are divided and subdivided ad minimum that they are interwoven one with another and that a Gland is nothing else but a Composition of Vessels we may rationally conclude they all Terminate in Diminutive Glands The Nerves Veins and Arteries composing and ending in these Glands I shall next Enquire to what end they do all thus meet together The Use of the Nerves in these is the same as in other Parts Viz. to conveigh a Spirituo-saline Liquor from the Brain Which Spirits being Volatile and apt to Ferment when mixed with a Liquor of a contrary Nature are continually sent by the Systole of the Brain into all the Muscles of the Body and being laid down forcibly in the aforesaid Diminutive Glands do there meet with Arterious Blood driven in by every Contraction of the Heart Which two Liquors strongly fermenting together the Animal Spirits do by an Attrition Subtilise Attenuate and Rarifie those Particles of the Succus Nutritius supplyed from the Mass of Blood by which Means their own are much dulled and become less Active for the future and by a Mixture of these Animal Spirits with the rarified Succus Nutritius results a Liquor Different from and of a middle State betwixt the Animal Spirits and the
open so as to convey a sufficient quantity of Spirits the Motion is continual and without Intermission The Reason of the Difference will easily appear if we do but take Notice how when a Vein is opened the Blood runs out continually without ceasing or intermission but if an Artery be opened it gushes out with Intermissions answerable to the Diastoles of the Heart because the Veins are always as a common Cistern distended with Blood and before they can be emptied with a small Orifice they are filled by the Extremities but the Blood being continually received by the Extremities of the Veins and those Extremities being furnished with Valves to hinder it from Regurgitation the Arteries are always kept more lank and empty and are not as the Veins distended with Superfluous Blood So that it only flows out of them when they are distended upon violent Systoles of the Heart In like manner that part of the Brain that furnishes the Nerves serving to Voluntary Motion with Spirits is like a common Cistern full of Spirits and when Vent is given the Pores being opened according to our Appetite the Spirits are thrust forth in one constant course But the Muscles serving to Involuntary Motion being in continual Action do so drain their Store-house as to keep it more flaccid and empty so that the Animal Spirits as they are prepared are continually waved through their proper Pores and as one Wave follows another so one Contraction perpetually succeeds the Subtile Liquor being according to the same Rules prepared in the Glands and thrust out through the Fibers Some of the Muscles designed for Involuntary Motion are in some measure subject to our Will so that it lies in our power to retardate or quicken the succession of their Contractions but not totally to obstruct or hinder them as the Muscles serving to Respiration The Reason of which is this The Pores of the Brain leading to the Nerves which convey Spirits to these Muscles are so framed that they carry Spirits to them as to the other Muscles serving to Involuntary Motion in a competent Quantity but these Pores differ from those for as much as these have such an Organick Motion as to contract or dilate according to our Appetite we can by a constriction close up these so as to deny a Passage for Animal Spirits sufficient to prepare a quantity of the Subtile Liquor to cause due Contractions of the Muscles till by degrees they increase to such a great Quantity and distend their Receptacles so long that those are no longer capable of receiving more till that force which drives them violently into the Receptacles overcomes the constrictive Faculty of the Pores and then the Spirits against our Will break forth and flow violently into the Musculous Glands It is easily noted that after we have holden our Breath a long time the first Contractions are as if Two or Three were joyned together without intermission I mean so long continued which is sufficient to prove what I have said of the Muscles serving to Respiration For when by a Constriction of the Pores the Spirits which ought to flow out are kept in and heaped up in their Receptacle and Two or Three Contractions are by that means hindered that Receptacle becomes like a common Cistern and as soon as the Pores are forced open the Spirits running out cause long continued Contractions till that store is spent and then they wave through as before the Interruption What I have hitherto said might be sufficient to prove my Hypothesis reasonable but to illustrate it a little more I shall explain some of the Phaenomena about Muscular Motion and give sufficient Reasons for them agreeable to my Hypothesis Common Experience tells us that Old People whose Spirits are flat and weak are most usually subject to a Trembling of their Head or Hands the Reason of which is this The Fermentation in the Glandules is too low and weak and doth not subtilize a sufficient Quantity of the said Liquor to keep the Muscles in a constant Motion The Reason why a sufficient Quantity of Liquor is not prepared is plain for though their Appetite and Desire is strong enough and endeavours to open and dilate the Pores of the Brain yet when the Spirits are weak it 's a sign few are separated from the Blood and if few be separated they cannot flow plentifully into the Nerves be the Pores never so wide This confirms the Reason I have given why the Systole of the Heart is interrupted with constant Diastoles For the Store-house which supplies it is always kept empty by reason of the constant efflux of Spirits and in Old People the Store-house which furnishes the Nerves serving to Voluntary Motion with Spirits is kept empty because few Spirits are separated from the Blood and as they are separated they are continually spent by a constant distribution of them to prepare Nourishment in the Musculous Glands So that when the Pores are opened wider for Voluntary Motion for want of a sufficient Stock they cannot flow out in a constant and equal proportion but as they are separated they wave through those Pores that are most ready to receive them The Motion indeed is not interrupted with such perfect Intermissions because this Store-house is not so clearly drein'd but there is a perfect Remission because the Stock is not so copious as in Young and Lusty People to yield constant Supplies Moreover when the Spirits are weak it s a sign that the Blood is much depauperated and declines from its Natural state and then there is more need for strong Spirits to raise the Fermentation in the Glands and to subtilize the Liquor Upon which account when the Spirits are weak the Disadvantage must needs be the greater Hence may be deduced a Reason why when our Spirits are low and almost spent though our Appetite be strong we cannot perform strong Actions From hence it may be proved that there is something prepared in these Glands by the Animal Spirits which is incapable of entring into the Fibers till prepared For whether the Spirits be weak or strong there is a sufficient quantity of Arterial juice laid down in the Glands tho' it s not made capable of passing into the Fibers but as it is prepared accordingly as the Spirits are more or less in quantity stronger or weaker I have known Women who seemed healthful and of a Sanguine Complexion whose Hands wou'd when they were about any Moderate Exercise Tremble as if Paralytick For the Mass of Blood being a little more than usually depraved and degenerated from its Balsamick and Sulphureous into a more crude and Phlegmatick State was unapt for Fermentation so that the Animal Spirits being not able easily to prepare a sufficient quantity of the aforesaid Subtile Liquor to keep the Muscle in a constant Motion were forced to do it by an unequal Influx just as an Horse set to draw too great a Burthen is forced by many reiterated draughts
said unfermented Succus Nutritius which Liquor thus compounded and prepared is driven by a Succession of Matter through its proper Passages into the Cavities of the Fibrous Cells the remaining and more crude Part of the Succus Nutritius being received together with the Blood and carried back to the Heart This Liquor after this manner conveighed to the Cavities of the Fibers does as it passeth and is thrust through according to the continual Laws of Circulation give nourishment to the Parts and is thence received by the Lymphaeducts Thus I conceive it is continually prepared in the Glandules and Circulates through the Carnous Fibers of all the parts of the Body whilst Motion ceaseth in a moderate quantity so that the Lymphaeducts are capable of receiving it and thereby prevent the Praeternatural Repletion of the Fibers To prove what I have hitherto said besides the Verisimilitude the thing carries with it I could bring many Arguments to illustrate and to make it appear more Plausible and Evident but for Brevities sake and to prevent unnecessary Repetition I shall omit 'em here because they are to be Mentioned hereafter I have given a breif Account of the Structure of a Muscle as far as relates to my Hypothesis and the Use of the Parts as they serve to Nutrition I now proceed to the Efficient Causes of Muscular Motion both Voluntary and Involuntary and first of the Reason of Voluntary Motion That Voluntary Motion does depend upon the Dictates of the Soul and is the Result of it's Faculties but more immediately of our Appetite is sufficiently Evinced because it 's instantly perform'd according to our Will Where the Soul is lodged how and after what Manner it Operates and what it is is most difficult to determine and is not designed for our present enquiry But as it comes under the Consideration of the Brain and it's appendages I shall defer my Thoughts of that till I have a further Opportunity In the mean time That neither the Soul nor any of it's Faculties are the immediate Causes of Muscular Motion but Operate by the Mediation of the Animal Spirits will appear from what follows concerning the Reason of Voluntary Motion And that the Office of the Will is only to open and shut the Pores of the Brain by an Organical Motion as necessity requires what this Motion is and how it is performed and after what manner the Dictates of the Soul and of its Faculties are put in Action is reserved for its proper Seat After what manner soever the Soul exerts it's Faculties and directs that Subtile Matter the Animal Spirits which is sent through the Branches of the Nerves in greater or less quatities according to our Appetite to this or that Part it is allowed that when our Body ceaseth from Motion and all our Voluntary Faculties are at quiet the Pores and Passages of the Brain leading to the Instruments of Voluntary Motion are locked or closed up And then I suppose that the Spirits moderately flowing into each Muscle do prepare so much of the Subtile Liquor aforemention'd as is sufficient to Nourish the Parts as it passeth through ' em But when the Pores of the Brain are opened and unlocked the Animals Spirits forced by a continual Succession of Matter flow into all the Branches of the Nerves more plentifully and being laid down in the Glandules raise a stronger Fermentation by which means a greater quantity of the Subtile Liquor is prepared and forced into the fleshy Fibers more copiously and rather faster that it can be received and evacuated by the Lymphaeducts so that the Fibers being all equally swelled with its quantity consequently Contract the Muscles which is the Cause of a Tonick Motion When these Animal Spirits are by a pressure and Systole of the Brain and succeeding Spirits sent yet more plentifully into the Nervous Channels leading to the Muscles to be Contracted than into those which are in Motu Tonico or into the Antagonists the Passages and Pores leading to those Nerves being yet more expanded and opened there is a greater quantity of the Subtile Liquor prepared in the Glandules and thrust out into the Carnous Fibers and their Cells being more swelled and dilated consequently there follows stronger and more violent Contractions of the Muscles whence proceeds Local Motion By the Systole of the Brain I don't mean any other Motion than what proceeds from the Pulsation of the Arteries distributed through that Part. That this motion only proceeds from the Pulsation of the Arteries implies that it is stronger drives the Spirits through the Brain into the Nerves with greater force than if it were really the Motion of the Brain it self the Heart from whence the Pulsation of the Arteries proceeds being a stronger and more compact Part as to its Substance than the Brain If it be asked why this Subtile Liquor is not more easily forced into the Venous Ducts than into those that lead to the Fibrous Cells because the former are larger I Answer That the Venous Ducts are so proportioned that they might not be capable of receiving all that is laid down by the Nerves and Arteries on purpose that some Subtile Parts might be continually driven into the Fibrous Cells and when by a more copious Influx of Animal Spirits a stronger Fermention is raised in the Glandules presently the Contents swell up and are expanded so that the Veins being not able to receive them as before more of that Liquor is not only subtilized but forced into the Fibers As soon as according to our Appetite the Pores of the Brain which conveigh Spirits to the Nerves leading to the Contracted Muscles are shut more closely up again and leave of to be dilated the Animal Spirits cease to flow more into the Musculous Glandules than are required to Subtilize and prepare a sufficient quantity of Nourishment for the Fibers as in the Antagonist then presently the Contraction ceaseth to be carried on and the Superfluous Liquor heaped up in the Fibers is evacuated by the Lymphaeducts Here perhaps because I said in the foregoing Paragraph the Liquor heaped up in the Fibers is Evacuated by the Lymphaeducts it may be a Question whether this Liquor does all the time a Muscle is Contracted constantly flow through these Cells into the Lymphaeducts or whether it remains in the Cells till Motion is to cease and is not evacuated by the said Ducts till then I say it does continually run of by the Lymphaeducts constantly all the time a Muscle is Contracted Otherwise since as long as Spirits are directed in a competent quantity to the Contracted Muscles to keep up the Dilation of the Fibers they would presently be incapable of receiving it and it must needs Regurgitate as it was prepared and in a great Measure disturb Circulation But to prevent many absurd Consequences if it should remain in the Cells so long I affirm that it is constantly forced forward by a Succession of Matter and as it is forced into
and Circulates through these Cells in greater or less quantities so Contractions are stronger or weaker or not at all the Fibrous Cells being accordingly Distended Dilated and Contracted in Longitude and when according to our Appetite this Liquor ceaseth to flow into the Fibers in so great a quantity as to Contract the Muscle that matter which before dilated the Fibers is Evacuated as being Superfluous Nourishment so that for the future it runs through in a moderate quantity as before Contraction till their Repletion is again renued to Reiterate Motion If it be asked why this Liquor is not as easily forced backwards out of the Fibrous Cells into the Glandules from whence it came as into the Lymphaeducts and so think there would be no need for Lymphaeducts I answer That if there be no Valve at the inward Orifice of every Duct to hinder its reflux which would be no absurdity to conclude for we see always upon the like occasion Nature hath furnish'd such Places with Valves yet I say if there were none the direct Motion of subsequent Matter from the Glandules would sufficiently hinder the reflux of it and since its reflux is opposed by new matter forced successively after it and since according to the course of Circulation the Matter driven into the Lymphaeducts before it will give way for its expulsion it would be more reasonable to imagine that the matter contained in the Fibers is evacuated qua datur porta rather than qua non datur for when we design the Relaxation of a Muscle though the Liquor successively sent from the Glands does not press forwards altogether as forcibly and in as great Quantities as whilst Contraction is continued yet it follows moderately so as to oppose the Retrocession of any thing I mean moderately as to its quantity for the continual violent concourse of the Animal Spirits and Arterial Blood drive it then into the Fibers almost as violently as when the Muscle is contracted That these Lymphaeducts do thus receive this Subtile Liquor and that for that end they are inserted into the Fibrous Cells I am perswaded because it cannot otherwise be understood how the Matter that stuffs them up and causes Contraction could be drawn out again without a Retrocession through the same Channels by which it was brought in And though the most Learned and Famous Dr. Willis Dr. Ridley and others do allow a Retrocession yet since it contradicts the course of Circulation we must either deny Circulation or reject their Opinions Besides I cannot conceive what other occasion there is for Lymphaeducts in a Muscle since whatever is brought by the Arteries might as well be returned by the Veins as by two sorts of Vessels But for as much as Nature hath made nothing in vain and since there is so great necessity that they should be inserted into the Cells I think it not irrational nor absurd to conclude they were designed for the afore-mentioned end That we may understand a little better the Nature of this Liquor which we have so often mentioned let us consider a little more fully how that Fermentation is carried on in the said Glandules It 's commonly known that when a Ferment is put to a Mass whether Liquid or of a solid consistence whatever is the nature of the Ferment it according to its power always endeavours to render whatever comes within the Sphaere of its Activity as like it as possible So in these Glandules the Animal Spirits fermenting with the Arterial Juice and the Nature of 'em being according to Dr. Willis and Diemerbroeck Spirituo-Saline composed of Volitile Salt and Sulphur they by Reason of their absolute Quality more readily mix with the crude Sulphureo-saline Particles of the Nutricious Arterial Juice and as they are more or less in quantity so they exalt and carry forth into a Flux more or less of that Crude Sulphureo-saline Mass which being by Fermentation subtilized is diluted with a sufficient quantity of Lympha or the watry part of the Serum of the Blood and the Liquor resulting from that Composition is thrust out into the Fibrous Cells That this Lympha might be thin enough to dilute the said Liquor sufficiently it is much attenuated in that Fermentation That there is such a Fermentation that the Nerves are inserted into the Glandules and lay down Animal Spirits as the Principal Cause of that Fermentation that the Arteries lay down Blood together with the aforemention'd Juice and that in those Glands a subtile Liquor is prepared being composed of Animal Spirits and the most rarified parts of the said Succus that neither the Arterial Juice nor the Animal Spirits simply can cause the Contraction of a Muscle but furthermore that it is necessary that this Subtile Liquor should be so prepared and composed as being capable to enter into the Fibers and to contract the Muscle is sufficiently apparent from what hath been said and will more clearly be evinced by what follows And first if there be a Communication of these Vessels as certainly there is then it must needs follow that there is a commixture of their Contents if there be a commixture of their Contents then there is a Fermentation and in that Fermentation it must needs follow that the Animal Spirits will according to their Energie and Activity Subtilize and Attenuate the Crudest Parts of the Arterial juice By a mutual Fermentation there must needs be implyed an intimate Commixture and the Result of that Commixture must needs be different from the Animal Spirits or Arterial juice simply before they are mixed so that the Liquor resulting from the Mixture of 'em may be properly called a Subtile Liquor And accordingly as the Animal Spirits are more or less in quantity to mix with the Arterial juice more or less will be prepared and thrust out into the Fibrous Cells and consequently the Fibrous Cells must be more or less Tumified and the Muscle Contracted as more or less Spirits are laid down in the Glandules So that all I have to Prove is That neither the Arterial juice nor the Animal Spirits can cause the Contraction of a Muscle and then it will follow consequently that there is a Communication of these Vessels and for that end in the aforesaid Glandules It hath often been found that an Atrophea of the Parts will follow the Relaxation a Palsie the Abscission or Ligature of the Nerves leading to those Parts Which sufficiently shews that the Arterial juice it self cannot cause the Contraction of a Muscle without the assistance of the Animal Spirits because when the Animal Spirits cease to flow into the Glandules for want of a dew Fermentation to Subtilize and Prepare a sufficient quantity of the Arterial juice the Carnous Fibers are not only deprived of necessary Recruits and Alimental refreshment so that they must needs waste away and grow Languid but also for want of a sufficient quantity of the Subtile Liquor to distend the Fibrous Cells
continually laid down to serment with it by which means it is Subdued in this part before it arrives at such a State of Activity of such a Quantity as to cause irregular Fermentations and Contractions in other Parts In a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Muscles continue constantly contracted against our Appetite these Distempers seize People whose Blood is rather of a Vitriolick Tenacious Nature and impregnated with more Fermentative Spirits so that by reason of the Viscidity of the Matter violently forced into the Fibers either the Lymphaeducts are obstructed or by reason of a continual Fermentation Matter gradually succeeds In the Cramp the Fermentation is different from that which is Natural or in other Convulsive Motions that which is Natural being caused by the Animal Spirits preparing a Subtil and Homogenious Liquor In other Convulsions the Animal Spirits ferment with and endeavour to subdue a Morbisick Humour brought and layed down by the Arteries and the Matter thus attenuated is accidentally forced into the Fibers But these are caused by the continual Conflict of the Volatile Animal Spirits strongly fermenting with Fermentative and Elastick Particles of another Nature supplied by the Mass of Blood where both striving to subdue each other the Elastick Particles of the Blood more strongly oppose the Motion of the Spirits and the Spirits them by a contrary agitation and intestine Motion of their Particles and these Two being violently exploded and impetuously leaping into and fermenting in the Fibers cause most strong and painful Contractions The Subsultus Tendinum in Fevers are caused when the Spirits being too much exalted leap irregularly out of the Brain and raise the Fermentation in the Glands so high as to prepare and carry too much of the Subtile Liquor into the Fibers which because it is so very thin easily slips into the Lymphaeducts and makes the Contraction short I shall add the Reason only of one other Phaenomenon which seems more evidently to prove that Muscular Motion depends on the greater influx of Animal Spirits viz. Why the Contraction of one Muscle followeth when the Antagonist becomes Paralytick as in Spasmus Cynicus The Branches of the Nerves being derived from the Brain when the Influx of the Spirits into the Muscles of the one side are hindered they regurgitate and are driven presently in a greater quantity into the Antagonist as by the Loss of one Eye the other by a greater Influx of Spirits becomes more Acute This is evident and needs no further proof Thus I have laid down my Hypothesis of the Formal and Efficient Causes of Muscular Motion and how it is vitiated or depraved which I the more willingly commit to the Judgment of Learned and Competent Judges with due Submission because it seems to me to answer Natural Ends and to account for the several Phaenomena without the Difficulties Enormous Motions and Impossibilities which usually attend Hypotheses on this Subject not doubting but it will give satisfaction till one more probable and plausible shall succeed FINIS Books lately Printed for and Sold by A. J. Churchill at the Black Swan in Pater-Noster-Row A View of Universal History from the Creation to the Year of Christ 1695. wherein the most memorable Persons and Things in the known Kingdoms and Countries of the World are set down in several Columns by way of Synchronism according to their proper Centuries and Years By Francis Tallents sometime Fellow of Magdalen-Colledge Cambridge The whole graven in 16 Copper-Plates each 15 Inches deep and 22 broad bound up into Books the Sheets lined A Work of great Exactness and Curiosity Price 16 s. A Compleat Journal of the Votes Speeches and Debates both of the House of Lords and Houses of Commons throughout the whole Reign of Queen Elizabeth Collected by Sir Simonds Dewes Baronet and Published by Paul Bowes of the Middle-Temple Esq The 2d Edition Fol. The Works of the famous Nicholas Machiavel Citizen and Secretary of Florence Writen Originally in Italian and from thence faithfully Translated into English Fol. Mr. Lock 's Essay concerning Humane Understanding The Third Edition with large Additions Fol. His Thoughts of Education Octavo The Fables of Aesop and other Mithologists made English by Sir Roger L'Estrange Kt. Fol. Two Treatises of Government the first an Answer to Filmer's Patriarch The latter an Essay concerning the true Original Extent end of Civil Government Oct. Notitia Monastica Or A short History of the Religious Houses in England and Wales c. By Thomas Tanner A. B. Octavo The Resurrection of the same Body asserted from the Tradition of the Heathens the Ancient Jews and the Primitive Church With an Answer to the Objections brought against By Humphry Hody D. D. Bishop Wilkins of Prayer and Preaching Enlarged by the Bishop of Norwich and Dr. Williams Octavo Sir William Temple ' s History of the Netherlands Octavo Miscellanea Octavo Dr. Patrick's New Version of all the Psalms of David in Metre Twelves Two Treatises of Natural Religion Octavo Gentleman's Religion with the Grounds and Reasons of it In which the Truth of Christianity in general is vindicated its Simplicity asserted and some Introductory Rules for the discovering of its particular Doctrines Precepts are proposed By a Private Gentleman Sermons Preached by Dr. R. Leighâ—on late A. Bp of Glasgow Published at the Desire of his Friends after his death 〈◊〉 his Papers written with his own Hand The Second Edition 〈◊〉 The End The Usefulness of Muscular Motion as it tends to the maintenance of life With respect to the Soul and its Functions A Muscle is a Noble part Dr. Willis's Opinion examin'd No Elastick Spirits laid up in the Tendons Nor instinct sent from the Brain because Either it implies that the Spirits are Intelligent Or that Spirits of a Different Nature are sent from it The Matter is not Intelligent No Spirits of a different Nature are sent from the Brain No active Principles heaped up in the Fleshy Fibers Nor retrocession of subtile Matter into the Tendons Mr. Cowper's opinion examined The Blood does not act as a Pondus The First Argument A Second A Third A Fifth A Sixth Dr. Ridley's Opinion examined The common Postulatum is not to be allowed There is no Retrocession of a Fluid from the Autagonist Nor is it forced out so as to cause a Vacuum Of the Structure of a Muscle The formal cause of the contraction of a Muscle Vessels implanted into a Muscle Their distribution And terminations in small Glands Proved What a Gland is Why they cannot be discerned The Use of the Nerves And Arteries inserted in the Glands To prepare a Liquor different from the Spirits or Succus The Use of it The Reason of Tonick Motion Objections Answered The Use of the Lymphaeducts The Nature of the Liquor consider'd and the manner of its preparation By Fermentation Proved The Arterial juice simply cannot cause the Contraction of a Muscle Nor the Animal Spirits Because the Arterial juice cannot pass into the Fibers till prepar'd by the Spirits The Reason of Involuntary Motion Proved How it comes to pass that the Systole of the Heart is interrupted with such frequent Diastoles Why the Muscles serving to Respiration are subject in some measure to our Appetite Why old People are subject to a trembling of their Head or Hands Another Phaenomena Explained A Third A Fourth A Fifth A Sixth The Reasons of Convulsions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of the Cramp Of the Subsultus Tendinum in Fevers Of a Spasmus Cynicus