Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
spirit_n artery_n blood_n vein_n 5,874 5 10.2889 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A20928 A discourse of the preseruation of the sight: of melancholike diseases; of rheumes, and of old age. Composed by M. Andreas Laurentius, ordinarie phisition to the King, and publike professor of phisicke in the Vniuersitie of Mompelier. Translated out of French into English, according to the last edition, by Richard Surphlet, practitioner in phisicke; Discours de la conservation de la veüe. English Du Laurens, André, 1558-1609.; Surflet, Richard, fl. 1600-1616. 1599 (1599) STC 7304; ESTC S110934 175,205 211

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these_o part_n for_o their_o preservation_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o natural_a heat_n and_o nourishment_n this_o heat_n and_o nourishment_n be_v derive_v from_o elsewhere_o must_v needs_o have_v their_o passage_n prepare_v by_o certain_a pipe_n and_o those_o be_v the_o vein_n and_o artery_n the_o artery_n draw_v their_o spirit_n from_o the_o hart_n the_o fountain_n of_o the_o same_o the_o vein_n receive_v their_o blood_n from_o the_o common_a storehouse_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o liver_n and_o thus_o return_v by_o the_o same_o step_n by_o which_o we_o come_v hither_o we_o shall_v well_o perceive_v conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n that_o the_o heart_n and_o liver_n be_v not_o make_v for_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o to_o nourish_v the_o heat_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o bone_n and_o cartilage_n for_o rest_n and_o prop_n unto_o the_o
be_v lay_v upon_o a_o write_a paper_n it_o cause_v the_o letter_n to_o show_v twice_o so_o great_a as_o they_o be_v the_o substance_n thereof_o be_v waterish_a thereof_o the_o substance_n thereof_o but_o it_o run_v not_o abroad_o as_o the_o other_o do_v it_o be_v fast_o and_o more_o solid_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o object_n may_v settle_v themselves_o therein_o it_o be_v also_o through-cleere_a and_o full_a of_o light_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v have_v some_o correspondency_n with_o his_o object_n which_o be_v lightsome_a it_o be_v of_o no_o colour_n that_o so_o it_o may_v receive_v all_o manner_n of_o colour_n the_o more_o indifferent_o for_o if_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n shall_v be_v taint_v either_o with_o green_a or_o red_a or_o yellow_a all_o the_o object_n thereof_o will_v appear_v and_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n blood_n why_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v not_o nourish_v with_o blood_n here_o we_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o the_o providentnes_n of_o nature_n which_o will_v not_o have_v this_o crystalline_a to_o be_v nourish_v with_o blood_n as_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v for_o fear_v that_o the_o blood_n shall_v make_v it_o red_a but_o for_o the_o better_a assurance_n have_v dedicate_v unto_o it_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n to_o turn_v his_o nutriment_n into_o a_o white_a colour_n and_o play_v the_o part_n of_o a_o cook_n according_a as_o the_o need_n thereof_o shall_v require_v shape_n his_o shape_n the_o shape_n be_v round_o and_o yet_o not_o altogether_o and_o exact_o spherical_a but_o some_o what_o flat_a on_o the_o two_o side_n as_o be_v a_o fetch_n or_o the_o end_n of_o a_o pestle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o grecian_n have_v call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o shape_v that_o so_o it_o may_v abide_v more_o firm_a and_o not_o to_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o his_o place_n upon_o every_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v exquisitelyround_n do_v move_v as_o it_o be_v of_o themselves_o and_o have_v no_o stay_n rest_v themselves_o but_o upon_o a_o point_n situation_n his_o situation_n it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o in_o his_o centre_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v equal_o and_o indifferent_o entertain_v and_o admit_v of_o both_o the_o light_n on_o the_o hinder_a part_n it_o be_v underlie_a with_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n and_o feemoth_a as_o it_o be_v to_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o same_o on_o the_o forepart_n it_o have_v the_o waterish_a humour_n and_o round_o about_o it_o be_v wrap_v in_o his_o proper_a coat_n call_v aranoide_v humour_n the_o glassy_a humour_n the_o three_o and_o last_o humour_n be_v call_v glassy_a because_o it_o resemble_v in_o colour_n and_o consistence_n the_o moult_a glass_n the_o chief_a use_n thereof_o be_v to_o prepare_v nourishment_n for_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n not_o that_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n shall_v feed_v upon_o it_o own_o substance_n as_o avicen_n have_v think_v for_o one_o part_n be_v never_o nourish_v or_o feed_v of_o the_o substance_n of_o another_o but_o this_o do_v blanch_v or_o turn_v white_a the_o blood_n and_o serve_v for_o cook_n to_o the_o crystalline_a it_o presseru_v also_o the_o crystalline_a from_o all_o annoyance_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o membrane_n and_o keep_v in_o the_o spirit_n the_o quantity_n thereof_o be_v in_o great_a abundance_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v clothe_v with_o his_o own_o coat_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o ancient_a learned_a in_o this_o profession_n do_v ever_o attain_v unto_o to_o know_v chap._n ix_o of_o the_o sinew_n vein_n artery_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n sight_n the_o sinew_n of_o sight_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o remain_v untouched_a though_o necessary_a sarie_a help_n to_o the_o sight_n two_o pair_n of_o nerve_n and_o certain_a other_o small_a artery_n the_o first_o pair_n be_v call_v optic_a spring_v from_o whence_o it_o spring_v and_o it_o bring_v the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o inward_a light_n unto_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n this_o pair_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o first_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o the_o arabian_n will_v have_v it_o neither_o yet_o from_o out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o the_o grecian_n have_v persuade_v themselves_o and_o as_o all_o anatomist_n of_o our_o time_n do_v as_o yet_o believe_v but_o from_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n where_o the_o great_a and_o little_a brain_n do_v join_v together_o this_o observation_n be_v new_a but_o most_o true_a and_o i_o receive_v it_o because_o i_o have_v often_o see_v it_o one_o why_o the_o sinew_n of_o sight_n do_v grow_v into_o one_o the_o optic_a therefore_o come_v from_o the_o hinder_a part_n and_o have_v finish_v more_o than_o half_a his_o course_n in_o corporate_v itself_o the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o so_o become_v one_o not_o grow_v one_o unto_o another_o only_a as_o the_o common_a sort_n do_v think_v much_o less_o only_o touch_v one_o another_o as_o the_o mullet_n do_v the_o millstone_n but_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o they_o do_v in_o such_o sort_n incorporate_v themselves_o the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o that_o no_o man_n be_v able_a by_o any_o cunning_a skill_n to_o separate_v they_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n this_o incorporation_n be_v needful_a for_o that_o they_o be_v very_o soft_a and_o have_v such_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o ground_n to_o traverse_v may_v have_v bend_v and_o become_v crooked_a can_v never_o have_v carry_v direct_o forward_o their_o spirit_n if_o they_o have_v not_o by_o this_o their_o combination_n one_o strengthen_v the_o other_o it_o be_v meet_v and_o convenient_a that_o these_o two_o nerve_n shall_v second_o the_o second_o apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o crystalline_a and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v draw_v along_o as_o in_o the_o same_o level_a or_o directline_v with_o the_o eye_n otherwise_o the_o sight_n will_v have_v be_v continual_o false_a for_o every_o simple_a object_n will_v have_v appear_v double_a but_o in_o very_a deed_n it_o have_v not_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o have_v continue_v their_o level_n be_v so_o long_o and_o so_o tender_a if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o unite_v in_o the_o midst_n three_o the_o three_o i_o will_v yet_o add_v unto_o these_o fomer_n a_o three_o benefit_n by_o this_o union_n and_o it_o be_v to_o show_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sight_n be_v great_o further_v and_o advance_v for_o by_o this_o mean_n even_o in_o a_o moment_n the_o spirit_n may_v pass_v from_o one_o eye_n to_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o eye_n be_v stop_v the_o other_o will_v become_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o so_o more_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o see_v a_o far_o off_o for_o so_o be_v we_o accustom_v to_o do_v namely_o to_o shut_v the_o one_o of_o our_o eye_n if_o westrive_v to_o behold_v anything_o a_o far_o off_o sight_n the_o insertion_n of_o the_o sinew_n of_o sight_n the_o optic_a nerve_n after_o this_o their_o union_n do_v again_o divide_v themselves_o and_o march_v on_o forward_o either_o of_o they_o graft_v himself_o into_o his_o proper_a eye_n the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o sinew_n be_v marrowish_a do_v in_o large_a itself_o and_o make_v the_o netlike_a tunicle_n the_o outward_a part_n do_v make_v the_o membrane_n call_v cornea_n and_o vuea_n herophilus_n galen_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o anathomist_n have_v suppose_v this_o sinew_n to_o be_v hollow_a but_o it_o be_v only_o spongy_a for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o find_v any_o cavitie_n in_o the_o same_o motion_n the_o sinew_n of_o the_o eye_n serve_v for_o motion_n the_o other_o couple_n of_o sinew_n march_v on_o unto_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o serve_v to_o help_v their_o motion_n their_o divide_n of_o themselves_o be_v pretty_a full_a of_o kindness_n for_o they_o send_v to_o every_o muscle_n as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a fine_a thread_n artery_n the_o vein_n and_o artery_n there_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n many_o pretiesmall_a vein_n and_o artery_n which_o bring_v life_n and_o nourishment_n to_o the_o same_o they_o all_o spring_n from_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n call_v jugulares_n and_o carotides_n fat_a the_o fat_a the_o fat_a that_o lie_v about_o the_o eye_n do_v keep_v it_o moist_a thereby_o keep_v it_o from_o wither_v it_o keep_v it_o also_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o cold_a preserve_v his_o natural_a heat_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v never_o taint_v with_o a_o shiver_a or_o quake_v cold_a glandule_n the_o glandule_n there_o be_v belong_v
quality_n which_o be_v dryness_n some_o there_o be_v which_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o overthrow_v it_o and_o say_v that_o this_o old_a age_n be_v moist_a and_o not_o dry_a because_o a_o man_n shall_v see_v the_o eye_n of_o these_o old_a man_n always_o distil_v tear_n their_o nose_n always_o run_v there_o come_v out_o of_o their_o month_n evermore_o great_a store_n of_o water_n yea_o they_o do_v nothing_o but_o cough_n and_o spit_v dry_a the_o temperature_n of_o old_a man_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a but_o galen_n answer_v very_o learned_o in_o his_o book_n of_o temperature_n that_o old_a man_n be_v moist_a through_o a_o superfluous_a moisture_n but_o that_o they_o be_v dry_a concern_v radical_a moisture_n and_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o health_n he_o say_v that_o old_a man_n have_v all_o those_o part_n dry_a which_o infant_n have_v moist_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o which_o depend_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n come_v near_o to_o the_o truth_n &_o which_o we_o must_v take_v hold_v upon_o for_o their_o leanne_n wrinkle_n stiffness_n of_o sinew_n and_o skin_n and_o stiffness_n of_o joint_n do_v sufficient_o show_v their_o dry_a temperature_n the_o ringworme_n also_o and_o itch_v over_o all_o their_o body_n the_o scale_n which_o they_o have_v on_o their_o head_n make_v it_o plain_o appear_v unto_o we_o that_o their_o brain_n be_v full_a of_o salt_n humour_n and_o not_o of_o sweet_a phlegm_n in_o the_o end_n come_v the_o last_o old_a age_n which_o be_v call_v decrepit_a in_o which_o as_o the_o kingly_a prophet_n say_v decrepise_v the_o last_o degree_n of_o old_a age_n be_v call_v decrepise_v there_o be_v nothing_o but_o pain_n and_o languish_a grief_n all_o the_o action_n both_o of_o the_o body_n and_o mind_n be_v weaken_v and_o grow_v feeble_a the_o sense_n be_v dull_a the_o memory_n lose_v and_o the_o judgement_n fail_v so_o that_o then_o they_o become_v as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o infancy_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o that_o the_o greek_a proverb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o old_a man_n be_v twice_o child_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v this_o last_o old_a age_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o ecclesiastes_n in_o so_o notable_a a_o allegorical_a sort_n that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a again_o for_o excellentnes_n in_o all_o the_o world_n it_o be_v also_o the_o great_a philosopher_n and_o profound_a scholar_n in_o nature_n work_n that_o ever_o be_v which_o take_v the_o same_o upon_o he_o this_o be_v that_o sage_a solomon_n which_o elsewhere_o be_v say_v to_o have_v know_v all_o the_o secret_n and_o mystery_n of_o nature_n which_o have_v discourse_v of_o all_o the_o plant_n of_o the_o field_n from_o the_o cedar_n of_o libanus_n to_o the_o hissope_fw-la which_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o wall_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o tall_a and_o high_a unto_o the_o least_o and_o low_a for_o by_o this_o hissope_fw-la we_o understand_v one_o of_o the_o capillar_n herb_n which_o be_v call_v saluia_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o herb_n that_o may_v be_v see_v i_o will_v set_v down_o the_o whole_a manner_n of_o this_o description_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n because_o that_o beside_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o it_o we_o may_v reap_v instruction_n and_o a_o plain_a and_o manifest_a declaration_n of_o the_o thing_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n age_n a_o excellent_a allegory_n describe_v and_o lay_v out_o the_o estate_n of_o old_a age_n remember_v say_v he_o thy_o creator_n in_o the_o day_n of_o thy_o youth_n before_o the_o sun_n the_o star_n and_o light_n grow_v dark_a and_o the_o cloud_n return_v after_o rain_n for_o then_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o house_n will_v tremble_v and_o the_o strong_a man_n will_v bow_v themselves_o and_o the_o grinder_n will_v cease_v and_o be_v no_o more_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o looker_n through_o the_o window_n will_v be_v darken_v the_o door_n will_v be_v shut_v without_o because_o of_o the_o base_a sound_n of_o the_o grind_n and_o he_o shall_v rise_v up_o at_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o bird_n so_o shall_v all_o the_o sing_a maid_n be_v humble_v they_o shall_v fear_v the_o high_a thing_n the_o almond-tree_n shall_v flourish_v and_o the_o grasshopper_n shall_v grow_v fat_a the_o caper-tree_n shall_v be_v wither_v before_o that_o the_o silver_n chain_n do_v lengthen_v itself_o or_o the_o ewer_n of_o gold_n be_v break_v and_o the_o water_n pot_n dash_v in_o piece_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o the_o wheel_n break_v at_o the_o cistern_n and_o that_o dust_n return_n unto_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v from_o thence_o and_o the_o spirit_n go_v unto_o god_n see_v here_o the_o description_n of_o the_o last_o age_n which_o be_v admirable_a and_o which_o have_v need_n of_o a_o good_a anatomist_n to_o help_v out_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o same_o allegory_n the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o allegory_n in_o decrepit_a old_a age_n the_o sun_n and_o star_n do_v wax_v dark_a that_o be_v the_o eye_n which_o do_v lose_v their_o light_n the_o cloud_n return_v after_o rain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v after_o they_o have_v weep_v a_o long_a time_n there_o pass_v before_o their_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v cloud_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o gross_a vapour_n which_o grow_v thick_a and_o foggy_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o house_n tremble_v that_o be_v the_o arm_n and_o hand_n which_o be_v give_v unto_o man_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o strong_a man_n bow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o leg_n which_o be_v the_o pillar_n whereupon_o the_o whole_a building_n be_v set_v the_o grinder_n do_v cease_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o tooth_n which_o serve_v we_o to_o bite_v and_o chaw_v our_o meat_n the_o seer_n grow_v dark_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o window_n those_o be_v the_o eye_n which_o be_v cover_v and_o overgrow_v oftentimes_o with_o a_o cataract_n which_o shut_v up_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o window_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o door_n be_v shut_v without_o because_o of_o the_o base_a sound_n of_o the_o grind_n that_o be_v the_o jaw_n which_o can_v open_v for_o to_o eat_v any_o thing_n or_o the_o passage_n of_o meat_n which_o be_v become_v narrow_a and_o streite_z they_o rise_v up_o at_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o bird_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o can_v not_o sleep_v and_o be_v always_o waken_v with_o the_o cockcrow_n all_o the_o sing_a maid_n be_v abase_v that_o be_v their_o voice_n which_o fail_v they_o the_o almond-tree_n do_v flourish_v that_o be_v the_o head_n which_o become_v all_o white_a the_o grasshopper_n wax_v fat_a that_o be_v the_o leg_n become_v swell_v and_o puff_v up_o the_o caper-tree_n wither_v that_o be_v their_o appetite_n be_v lose_v for_o caper_n have_v a_o property_n to_o stir_v up_o appetite_n the_o silver_n chain_n grow_v long_o that_o be_v the_o fair_a and_o beautiful_a marrow_n of_o the_o back_n go_v all_o along_o the_o bone_n which_o grow_v loose_a and_o bow_v and_o cause_v they_o to_o bend_v in_o the_o back_n the_o golden_a ewer_n be_v break_v that_o be_v the_o hart_n which_o contain_v much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o vessel_n the_o arterial_a blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n which_o be_v somewhat_o yellow_a and_o of_o golden_a colour_n which_o cease_v to_o move_v and_o can_v any_o long_o contain_v or_o hold_v much_o after_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v break_v the_o water_n pot_n be_v break_v at_o the_o spring_n head_n that_o be_v the_o great_a vein_n call_v the_o hollow_a vein_n which_o can_v draw_v blood_n any_o more_o out_o of_o the_o liver_n which_o be_v the_o common_a store-house_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_v all_o the_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o it_o yield_v no_o more_o service_n than_o a_o break_a pitcher_n the_o wheel_n be_v break_v at_o the_o cistern_n that_o be_v the_o reins_n and_o 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brain_n and_o of_o a_o marvellous_a sympathy_n with_o the_o same_o will_v suffer_v first_o of_o all_o the_o evil_a disposition_n of_o the_o eye_n weaken_v the_o sight_n very_o oft_o although_o that_o the_o faculty_n be_v entire_a and_o strong_a such_o disposition_n be_v find_v sometime_o in_o the_o whole_a eye_n as_o when_o it_o be_v too_o fat_a and_o great_a or_o too_o small_a and_o lean_a sometime_o in_o some_o special_a part_n thereof_o as_o in_o the_o tunicle_n humour_n muscle_n spirit_n sinew_n vein_n and_o artery_n unto_o every_o of_o which_o do_v happen_v their_o particular_a disease_n which_o i_o will_v run_v through_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v falsify_v the_o sight_n deprave_a and_o falsify_v the_o corrupt_a or_o falsify_v of_o the_o sight_n fall_v out_o when_o the_o object_n show_v itself_o to_o be_v of_o another_o colour_n form_n quantity_n or_o situation_n than_o it_o be_v as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o white_a thing_n shall_v show_v yellow_a or_o red_a because_o the_o 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look_v glass_n your_o face_n will_v seem_v two_o face_n unto_o you_o sight_n the_o loss_n of_o the_o sight_n the_o utter_a loss_n and_o deprivation_n of_o the_o sight_n which_o we_o call_v blindness_n come_v either_o of_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o humour_n or_o of_o the_o hinder_v of_o the_o two_o light_n that_o they_o can_v meet_v and_o join_v together_o in_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n the_o inward_a which_o be_v the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o obstruction_n of_o the_o nerve_n optic_a and_o this_o disease_n be_v call_v gutta_fw-la serena_fw-la the_o outward_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o cataract_n which_o shut_v the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o window_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n therefore_o the_o sight_n can_v be_v hurt_v but_o by_o one_o of_o these_o three_o way_n chap._n xii_o a_o brief_a rehearsal_n of_o all_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v here_o to_o trouble_v my_o mind_n in_o draw_v forth_o a_o exquisite_a description_n of_o all_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o attempt_n will_v be_v too_o great_a and_o i_o can_v not_o make_v so_o few_o as_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o see_v there_o be_v so_o many_o particular_a disease_n of_o the_o eye_n i_o will_v content_v myself_o to_o lay_v out_o the_o way_n and_o best_a order_a course_n thereunto_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o young_a physician_n and_o surgeon_n for_o who_o sake_n i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o this_o chapter_n eye_n the_o division_n of_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n now_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n some_o of_o they_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a member_n some_o other_o be_v proper_a unto_o some_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o same_o those_o which_o concern_v the_o whole_a eye_n be_v either_o similar_v or_o instrumental_a or_o common_a the_o similar_v one_o be_v the_o moist_a the_o dry_a the_o hot_a the_o cold_a distemperature_n eye_n the_o disease_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o whole_a eye_n as_o also_o the_o simple_a the_o compound_n the_o distemperature_n without_o matter_n and_o that_o which_o be_v accompany_v with_o matter_n the_o instrumental_a do_v show_v themselves_o in_o the_o evil_a shape_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o when_o it_o be_v over_o great_a or_o over_o little_a or_o not_o so_o situate_a as_o be_v requisite_a for_o comeliness_n and_o use_n the_o disease_n come_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o be_v when_o the_o eye_n be_v either_o too_o great_a or_o too_o little_a eye_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o great_a eye_n be_v call_v the_o ox_n eye_n it_o hinder_v the_o action_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o the_o sight_n be_v not_o so_o quick_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a expense_n of_o spirit_n neither_o be_v it_o so_o ready_a in_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o greatness_n be_v either_o the_o error_n of_o the_o first_o form_n and_o shape_n commit_v by_o nature_n or_o else_o some_o accident_n whether_o phlegmatic_a humour_n or_o inflammation_n or_o else_o 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d avicen_n observe_v that_o it_o happen_v either_o of_o a_o outward_a cause_n as_o of_o a_o blow_n a_o fall_n or_o strain_n in_o cough_v vomit_v blow_v or_o of_o a_o inward_a cause_n as_o of_o some_o sudden_a fall_v down_o of_o humour_n which_o lose_v all_o the_o muscle_n and_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o of_o a_o great_a inflammation_n or_o other_o humour_n continuitie_n solution_n of_o continuitie_n the_o common_a disease_n be_v call_v the_o solution_n of_o continuitie_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o eye_n be_v burst_v or_o when_o all_o the_o humour_n thereof_o be_v mingle_v and_o jumble_v together_o loe_o these_o be_v the_o disease_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o the_o disease_n call_v nictalopia_n myopiasis_n and_o amblyopia_n be_v symptom_n touch_v only_o the_o spirit_n or_o humour_n and_o not_o the_o whole_a eye_n eye_n the_o particular_a disease_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o particular_a disease_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n now_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v for_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o humour_n coat_n sinew_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o same_o so_o then_o there_o be_v disease_n proper_a unto_o every_o one_o of_o these_o part_n i_o will_v begin_v to_o describe_v those_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o humour_n as_o be_v the_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o also_o because_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o accident_n have_v take_v the_o same_o course_n glaucoma_n the_o disease_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n glaucoma_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v subject_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v a_o dry_a distemperature_n and_o his_o go_v out_o of_o his_o place_n
see_v i_o have_v sometime_o delight_v myself_o to_o crop_v and_o pick_v out_o thereof_o whatsoever_o i_o can_v find_v or_o see_v to_o be_v fair_a and_o for_o profit_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o sight_n yea_o i_o dare_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o common_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n do_v proceed_v of_o a_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o of_o the_o impurenes_n of_o the_o spirit_n i_o will_v ordain_v a_o exquisite_a order_n for_o the_o same_o which_o shall_v serve_v for_o a_o pattern_n and_o scantling_n the_o better_a to_o aim_v at_o the_o cure_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o art_n which_o teach_v to_o heal_v disease_n call_v by_o one_o word_n of_o the_o grecian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v ordinary_o perform_v by_o three_o instrument_n as_o diet_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v chirurgerie_n and_o medicine_n disease_n good_a diet_n have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o whatsoever_o disease_n the_o manner_n of_o live_v be_v always_o set_v in_o the_o forefront_n and_o have_v be_v judge_v of_o the_o ancient_a learned_a to_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o noble_a part_n because_o it_o be_v most_o favourable_a and_o familiar_a to_o nature_n not_o disturb_v she_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n or_o molest_v she_o in_o any_o respect_n so_o as_o medicine_n and_o manual_a operation_n do_v this_o manner_n of_o live_v do_v not_o consist_v only_o in_o meat_n and_o drink_v as_o the_o common_a people_n imagine_v but_o in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o six_o thing_n which_o the_o physician_n call_v not_o natural_a and_o these_o be_v the_o air_n meat_n and_o drink_v sleep_n and_o watch_v labour_n and_o rest_n emptiness_n and_o fullness_n and_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n air_n the_o power_n of_o the_o air_n i_o will_v begin_v my_o order_n of_o diet_n at_o the_o air_n in_o as_o much_o as_o no_o man_n can_v want_v it_o the_o least_o minute_n and_o for_o that_o it_o have_v a_o marvelous_a force_n to_o alter_v and_o change_v our_o body_n on_o the_o sudden_a the_o direct_a passage_n thereof_o be_v through_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o brain_n and_o through_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o hart_n by_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o move_n of_o the_o artery_n it_o go_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o provide_v matter_n and_o nourishment_n for_o our_o spirit_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o that_o famous_a hypocrates_n do_v note_v very_o well_o that_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n do_v whole_o depend_v the_o good_a and_o ill_a disposition_n of_o our_o humour_n and_o spirit_n air_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o air_n we_o must_v look_v unto_o his_o first_o and_o second_o quality_n his_o first_o be_v heat_n cold_a moisture_n and_o dryness_n of_o which_o the_o two_o first_o be_v call_v active_a and_o the_o two_o latter_a passive_a the_o second_o quality_n be_v when_o the_o air_n be_v gross_a thick_a subtle_a pure_a dark_a light_n but_o let_v we_o now_o make_v our_o profit_n of_o all_o this_o sight_n what_o air_n be_v good_a for_o the_o sight_n it_o behove_v we_o for_o the_o better_a preservation_n of_o our_o sight_n to_o choose_v a_o air_n which_o be_v temperate_a in_o his_o first_o quality_n as_o be_v neither_o too_o hot_a too_o cold_a too_o moist_a or_o dry_a it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o abide_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n neither_o in_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o southern_a and_o northern_a wind_n be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o eye_n sight_n the_o wind_n that_o be_v bad_a for_o the_o sight_n read_v that_o which_o hypocrates_n write_v in_o his_o three_o section_n of_o aphorism_n the_o south_n wind_n say_v he_o make_v a_o trouble_a sight_n hardness_n of_o hear_v a_o heavy_a head_n dull_a sense_n and_o all_o the_o body_n lazy_a and_o lithe_a because_o it_o beget_v gross_a spirit_n the_o north_n wind_n be_v very_o sharp_a and_o therefore_o as_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o sting_v and_o prick_v the_o eye_n the_o place_n that_o be_v low_a waterish_a moist_a and_o full_a of_o marsh_n be_v altogether_o contrary_a to_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o sight_n it_o be_v better_a a_o great_a deal_n to_o dwell_v in_o dry_a place_n and_o such_o as_o be_v somewhat_o rise_v if_o a_o man_n be_v force_v to_o dwell_v in_o moist_a place_n his_o help_n be_v to_o alter_v and_o rectify_v the_o air_n with_o artificial_a fire_n art_n how_o to_o correct_v the_o air_n by_o art_n make_v of_o the_o wood_n of_o laurel_n juniper_n rosemary_n and_o tamariske_a or_o otherwise_o to_o very_o good_a purpose_n he_o may_v make_v the_o perfume_n invent_v of_o the_o arabian_n and_o use_v it_o in_o the_o chamber_n where_o he_o keep_v most_o take_v of_o the_o leaf_n of_o eyebright_n perfume_n a_o perfume_n fennell_n and_o margerome_n of_o every_o one_o a_o ounce_n of_o zyloaloe_n fine_o powder_v a_o dram_n of_o frankincense_n three_o dam_n mingle_v they_o altogether_o and_o perfume_v your_o chamber_n oftentimes_o therewith_o quality_n how_o the_o air_n must_v be_v affect_v in_o his_o second_o quality_n as_o concern_v the_o second_o quality_n a_o gross_a thick_a and_o foggy_a air_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o sight_n we_o must_v choose_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v pure_a and_o clean_a purge_v from_o all_o waterish_a earthy_a nitrous_a sulphurous_a and_o other_o such_o like_a metal_n like_o vapour_n especial_o those_o of_o quicksilver_n the_o dust_n fire_n and_o smoke_n do_v wonderful_a harm_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o such_o as_o have_v a_o weak_a sight_n shall_v never_o intermeddle_v with_o alchemy_n for_o so_o at_o once_o they_o shall_v consume_v both_o their_o sight_n and_o their_o purse_n the_o vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o stand_a water_n and_o from_o dead_a body_n be_v very_o noisome_a neither_o yet_o must_v the_o air_n be_v too_o lightsome_a sight_n what_o light_n be_v bad_a for_o the_o sight_n for_o a_o excessive_a light_n do_v scatter_v the_o spirit_n and_o cause_v the_o sight_n oftentimes_o to_o be_v lose_v we_o read_v that_o zenophanes_n his_o soldier_n have_v pass_v the_o snow_n become_v all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v blind_a and_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n of_o sicily_n do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o his_o prisoner_n for_o have_v shut_v they_o up_o in_o a_o very_a dark_a hole_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v lead_v forth_o on_o the_o sudden_a into_o a_o very_a bright_a light_n so_o that_o they_o all_o thereby_o lose_v their_o sight_n sight_n what_o colour_n do_v comfort_v the_o sight_n unto_o the_o light_n we_o will_v adjoine_v colour_n all_o colour_n be_v not_o profitable_a for_o the_o sight_n the_o white_a colour_n scatter_v the_o spirit_n draw_v they_o to_o it_o the_o black_a make_v they_o too_o gross_a there_o be_v not_o any_o but_o the_o green_a blue_a and_o violet_n which_o do_v much_o comfort_v it_o and_o this_o have_v nature_n teach_v we_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o she_o have_v die_v the_o grapelike_a coat_n with_o green_a and_o blue_a on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o saphire_n and_o emerald_n be_v very_o commodious_a for_o the_o sight_n if_o you_o desire_v often_o to_o look_v upon_o these_o two_o colour_n mix_v together_o i_o will_v show_v you_o to_o attain_v thereunto_o very_o easy_o take_v of_o the_o flower_n of_o borage_n &_o of_o the_o leaf_n of_o burnet_n and_o when_o you_o be_v dispose_v to_o drink_v cast_v they_o into_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v you_o for_o two_o purpose_n the_o colour_n will_v comfort_v your_o eye_n and_o the_o herb_n by_o their_o property_n will_v repress_v the_o vaporousnes_n of_o the_o wine_n and_o thus_o much_o let_v be_v say_v of_o the_o air_n drink_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n the_o second_o point_n of_o order_v thy_o diet_n aright_o consist_v in_o meat_n and_o drink_v it_o behove_v therefore_o to_o know_v what_o victual_n be_v good_a and_o what_o they_o be_v which_o can_v hurt_v the_o sight_n a_o man_n must_v altogether_o refrain_v such_o victual_n as_o be_v of_o gross_a nourishment_n as_o also_o slimy_a vaporous_a salt_n windy_a sweet_a and_o sharp_a meat_n and_o such_o as_o make_v many_o excrement_n there_o must_v also_o be_v make_v a_o more_o spare_a supper_n then_o dinner_n bread_n of_o bread_n the_o bread_n must_v be_v make_v of_o clean_a wheat_n well_o leaven_a and_o some_o what_o salt_v wherein_o may_v be_v put_v fennell_n or_o anise-seede_n it_o must_v not_o be_v eat_v new_a nor_o after_o it_o be_v above_o three_o day_n old_a unleavened_a bread_n do_v hurt_v the_o
bold_a quick_a of_o motion_n and_o headlong_o in_o all_o their_o action_n cold_a on_o the_o contrary_n make_v they_o fearful_a leaden-heelde_a and_o not_o resolve_v of_o any_o thing_n all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a temperament_n become_v fearful_a old_a folk_n ordinary_o be_v fearful_a and_o so_o be_v geld_v man_n also_o woman_n be_v always_o more_o timorous_a than_o man_n and_o to_o be_v brief_a the_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v follow_v the_o temperament_n of_o the_o body_n judgement_n the_o author_n judgement_n loe_o here_o here_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o these_o two_o great_a and_o famous_a man_n i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v if_o we_o will_v join_v these_o two_o cause_n together_o that_o be_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o humour_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a and_o the_o black_a colour_n of_o the_o spirit_n as_o that_o which_o may_v much_o further_o and_o help_v forward_o the_o same_o the_o melancholic_a humour_n be_v cold_a do_v not_o only_o cool_v the_o brain_n but_o also_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o fear_n of_o this_o courageous_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o man_n call_v the_o instinct_n and_o pronenes_n of_o nature_n unto_o anger_n and_o rebate_v the_o flame_n therein_o hence_o creep_v out_o fear_n the_o same_o humour_n be_v black_a cause_v the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v pure_a subtle_a clear_a and_o lightsome_a it_o make_v they_o i_o say_v gross_a dark_a and_o as_o it_o be_v all_o to_o be_v smoke_v but_o the_o spirit_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a instrument_n of_o the_o mind_n if_o they_o be_v black_a and_o overcool_v also_o do_v trouble_v her_o most_o noble_a power_n and_o principal_o the_o imagination_n present_v unto_o it_o continual_o black_a form_n and_o strange_a vision_n which_o may_v be_v see_v with_o the_o eye_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v within_o this_o be_v a_o deep_a reach_n which_o no_o man_n hitherto_o it_o may_v be_v have_v attain_a and_o it_o serve_v infinite_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o galen_n same_o that_o with_o our_o own_o eye_n we_o may_v see_v something_o within_o the_o same_o the_o eye_n do_v not_o only_o see_v that_o which_o be_v without_o but_o it_o see_v also_o that_o which_o be_v within_o howsoever_o it_o may_v judge_v that_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v without_o those_o which_o have_v some_o small_a beginning_n of_o a_o cataract_n do_v see_v many_o body_n fly_v like_a to_o aunt_n fly_n and_o long_a hair_n the_o same_o also_o do_v such_o as_o be_v ready_a to_o vomit_v hypocrates_n and_o galen_n place_n among_o the_o sign_n adn_v token_n of_o a_o critical_a flux_n of_o blood_n these_o false_a apparition_n as_o when_o one_o see_v red_a body_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o there_o because_o that_o then_o every_o one_o shall_v see_v they_o this_o be_v a_o inward_a vapour_n which_o offer_v itself_o unto_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n in_o his_o natural_a colour_n and_o so_o if_o it_o arise_v of_o blood_n it_o appear_v red_a if_o of_o choler_n yellow_a and_o wherefore_o then_o shall_v not_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o melancholic_a humour_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n be_v black_a ordinary_o present_v themselves_o and_o appear_v in_o their_o natural_a colour_n unto_o the_o eye_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o imagination_n the_o melancholic_a party_n may_v see_v that_o which_o be_v within_o his_o own_o brain_n but_o under_o another_o form_n because_o that_o the_o spirit_n and_o black_a vapour_n continual_o pass_v by_o the_o finewe_n vein_n and_o artery_n from_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o eye_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o see_v many_o shadow_n and_o untrue_a apparition_n in_o the_o air_n whereupon_o from_o the_o eye_n the_o form_n thereof_o be_v convey_v unto_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v continual_o serve_v with_o the_o same_o dish_n abide_v continual_o in_o fear_n and_o terror_n that_o which_o make_v i_o to_o join_v the_o black_a colour_n with_o the_o temperature_n be_v because_o the_o brain_n be_v very_o oft_o of_o cold_a distemperature_n and_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v not_o the_o party_n trouble_v either_o with_o such_o fear_n nor_o yet_o such_o ghastly_a sight_n phlegm_n be_v yet_o more_o cold_a than_o melancholy_n and_o notwithstanding_o it_o trouble_v not_o the_o imagination_n because_o his_o whiteness_n have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n spirit_n that_o the_o melancholic_a humour_n be_v altogether_o contrary_a to_o our_o spirit_n and_o with_o the_o colour_n and_o clearness_n of_o the_o spirit_n but_o the_o melancholic_a humour_n be_v altogether_o opposite_a and_o enemy_n unto_o the_o same_o our_o spirit_n account_v cold_a and_o darkness_n to_o be_v their_o enemy_n feel_v the_o cold_a they_o draw_v themselves_o in_o and_z as_o darkness_n press_v on_o more_o and_o more_o so_o they_o fly_v black_a into_o their_o fort_n and_o castle_n forsake_v the_o utter_a part_n and_o procure_v we_o to_o sleep_v the_o melancholic_a humour_n have_v both_o these_o property_n it_o be_v cold_a and_o dark_a it_o ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o astonish_v we_o if_o that_o we_o see_v it_o to_o molest_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o principal_a power_n of_o the_o mind_n see_v it_o taint_v and_o brand_v with_o blackenes_n the_o principal_a instrument_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o spirit_n which_o pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o brain_n back_o again_o be_v able_a to_o move_v these_o black_a sight_n and_o to_o set_v they_o incessant_o before_o the_o mind_n loe_o here_o the_o first_o accident_n which_o haunt_v melancholic_a person_n they_o be_v always_o full_a of_o fear_n for_o they_o fear_v every_o thing_n even_o that_o which_o be_v further_a off_o from_o fear_n they_o be_v heartless_a they_o honour_v their_o enemy_n and_o abuse_v their_o friend_n they_o conceive_v of_o death_n as_o a_o terrible_a thing_n and_o notwithstanding_o which_o be_v strange_a they_o oftentimes_o desire_v it_o yea_o so_o eagerlie_a as_o that_o they_o will_v not_o let_v to_o destroy_v themselves_o but_o this_o fall_v out_o then_o only_o when_o fear_n be_v turn_v into_o despair_n it_o be_v true_a in_o deed_n that_o this_o happen_v so_o oft_o unto_o those_o who_o melancholy_n simple_o assail_v as_o unto_o those_o which_o be_v mad_a perspon_n mad_a man_n do_v more_o oft_o kill_v themselves_o then_o melancholic_a perspon_n we_o have_v very_o few_o example_n of_o mere_a melancholic_a person_n which_o have_v slay_v themselves_o but_o of_o mad_a man_n very_o many_o be_v find_v and_o those_o of_o great_a reputation_n empedocles_n agrigentinus_fw-la become_v mad_a and_o cast_v himself_o headlong_o into_o the_o burn_a flame_n of_o the_o mountain_n aetna_n example_n example_n ariax_n the_o son_n of_o telamonius_n be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o think_v worthy_a of_o achilles_n armour_n but_o that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v unto_o ulysses_n whereupon_o he_o pass_v over_o some_o part_n of_o his_o fury_n in_o kill_v all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n he_o meet_v withal_o think_v he_o have_v slay_v ulysses_n and_o all_o his_o companion_n cleomenes_z be_v likewise_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n slay_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o sword_n orestes_n have_v slay_v his_o mother_n clytaemnestra_n be_v so_o furious_o outrage_v that_o if_o his_o dear_a friend_n pylades_n have_v not_o careful_o watch_v over_o he_o he_o have_v destroy_v himself_o a_o hundred_o time_n it_o fall_v out_o therefore_o more_o oft_o unto_o mad_a then_o to_o melancholic_a man_n to_o kill_v themselves_o sad_a why_o melancholic_a person_n be_v sad_a the_o second_o accident_n which_o almost_o never_o leave_v melancholic_a person_n be_v sadness_n they_o weep_v and_o know_v not_o wherefore_o i_o believe_v the_o distemperature_n of_o the_o humour_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o for_o as_o joy_n and_o cheerfulness_n proceed_v from_o heat_n and_o moisture_n well_o temper_v so_o heaviness_n and_o sadness_n come_v from_o the_o two_o contrary_a quality_n which_o be_v find_v in_o this_o humour_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n of_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v cheerful_a and_o merry_a because_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o mixture_n of_o moisture_n and_o heat_n choleric_a person_n be_v way_n ward_n and_o unpleasant_a because_o their_o heat_n be_v dry_a and_o have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o edge_n set_v upon_o it_o melancholic_a person_n be_v sad_a and_o perverse_a because_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a even_o so_o it_o befall_v the_o silly_a bellerophon_n who_o as_o he_o be_v very_o artificial_o set_v out_o in_o homer_n go_v wander_v through_o the_o defart_n place_n continual_o mourn_v and_o lament_v and_o the_o ephesian_a philosopher_n name_v heraclitus_n live_v in_o continual_a tear_n because_o say_v theophrastus_n that_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o melancholy_n and_o as_o his_o writing_n altogether_o confuse_v and_o darken_v with_o obscurity_n