and small in the tayles And as touchynge the greate partes they maye be nombred amonge the membres compoūde But as concernynge the smale partes they maye be called symple membres bycause of the synnowes wherof they take parte The opinion of Galene concercernyng muscles is true which sayeth that after the muscles bene accomplyshed of synnowes lygamentes fleshe and Skynne of the sayde Muscles there growe chordes and ligamentes whyche ben rounde And when they come aboute the ioyntes they compasse the ioyntes aboute in maner of pellicles or thynne skynnes and gyue them mouynge And when the nexte ioynture is well knytte together they goo from that and come to compasse about semblably another ioynture and they cease not to bynde together vntyll they come to the extreme partes of the bodye The sayde muscles bene in nombre fyue hundred thyrty and one after Auicenne A bone Bones bene symple membres harder then other excepte the teethe as Auicenna sayeth and therfore they sustayne the other partes and are of a colde and drye complexion And nature hath brought forth some of them for the defence of the noble membres as the sculle whyche defendeth the brayne and the bones of the breste and of the backe whyche ben for the preseruacion of the herte and of the Nuke Nuke whyche is the mary in the backe bone And the bones of mans bodye bene greater in the endes then in other partes wyth an apparaunt roundnes and some wyth hollownes And the bones whyche bene ioyned to the ioyntures wyth conuenient hollownes are not lyghtelye put out of ioynte for the hollownes of the ioyntures bene fylled wyth the roundnes of the otherbones And as Auicenna sayeth there ben some naturallye enclyned to haue theyr membres soone put oute of ioynte bycause the hollownes of theyr bones is not depe ynoughe The bones of mannes bodye after Auicenne bene in nombre two hundred fortye and eyghte besyde the bones called Sisamina and Os Laude Os Laude whyche is the fundation of the tonge A chorde groweth oute of a muscle Chorde and is compounded of synnowie matter and of pellicles pannicles or thynne skynnes And the accidentes of chordes and of synnowes ben lyke And as Galene sayeth vpon the Aphorismes of Hypocrates a Spasme or the crāpe foloweth the pryckyng of synnowes and chordes or tendons And euen as a chorde is meane betwene a synnowe and a ligamente so a ligamente is meane betwene a synnowe and a bone Here foloweth of ligamentes There bene two maner of ligamentes Of Ligamentes some growe or descende oute of chordes as we haue declared afore of muscles as Galene recyteth Howe be it Guido is not of that opinion whych semeth to vary from the truth sayenge that all the ligamētes growe out of the bones I haue founde no doctour of that opinion There is another maner of ligamentes whych growe out of the bones as Auicenna sayeth in the chapitre De resolutione continuitatis neruorum And moreouer Auicenne sayeth that ligamentes whyche growe out of the bones bene insensyble membres and that a man maye laye to them stronge medicines And this is the cause why Guido said that all the ligamentes growe out of the bones And Auicenna sayeth in the same chapitre that the synnowes whych ben ioyned with the muscles take part of them and Haliabbas is of the same opinion in the secōde boke of the assignation of the ligamētes and chordes Pannicles bene of a synnowie mater Of Pannicles thoughe the hurte of them be not so dangerous as of a synnowe neuertheles by reason of the greate sensibilite or felynge of the same there is much danger there in for sometymes they induce a spasme that is a cōtraction of synnowes Grystell A gristell is of the nature of bones but it is softer And gristelles were made for supplementes or fyllinges of bones and for the garnyshynge of the partes of mans bodye as ye maye se euidently in the nose and in the eares And therfore the solution of the continuite of the same as Hypocrates sayeth receaueth not restauration after the fyrste intencion of restorynge and consoundynge of membres And Hypocrates sayeth that when the bones or the grystelles or the lyppes or the heade of the yeard ben wounded they growe no more neyther canne be consounded after the waye of the fyrst intention Veynes Of veynes A veyne is a membre whyche conteyneth bloode hauynge hys begynnynge at the lyuer Arterie Arterie is a vessell conteynynge spirituall bloode and spirites hauyng theyr begynnynge at the herte Galene sayeth in the .xvi. boke de vtilitate particularum that Arteries dyfferre not from veynes but in the place of theyr begynnynge and that these two bene ioyned together throughe all the body sauynge that the Arterie is sondred in some partes as in the plyghte of the arme and in rheti mirabili Skynne The skynne is the fyrst thinge that appeareth in the outwarde partes And therfore we wyll begynne oure Anatomie at the same Skynne is the couerture of mans bodye cōpounde of fyllettes or fylmes or as it were lytle thredes procedynge from the veynes synnowes and smale arteries ordeyned to retayne the spirites and felynge of the bodye And there ben two maner of skynnes the one couereth the outwarde membres and the other is a pannicle couerynge the membres wythin the bodye as the couerture of the bones called almokatim the pannicle of the braine the couerture of the rybbes and other semblable Fleshe is diuided into thre kyndes that is to wete Fleshe fleshe Glandulous or Kernellie fleshe full of muscles and symple fleshe Fleshe symple is onelye founde in the gommes and in the heade of the yarde Fleshe Glandulous is founde in the brestes of women and in the Emunctories or clensyng places of thys kynde is the fleshe of the stones The thyrd kynde is fleshe musculous whyche is founde throughe out all the bodye in the partes where voluntaire mouyng is neuertheles fat the nayles the heere 's are nombred cōmunely amonge the symple membres whyche thynges are superfluities produced for the profyte of the bodye as we haue sayd before Of symple membres some haue theyr generation of Sperma or sede Symple membres therfore when solution of continuite is caused in them that is when they ben wounded they can not be trulye restored as they were before but they bene repared by some meane as by a pore called Sarcoides or by harde fleshe as for an exemple the bones of the heade the gristels of the nostrelles Some of the symple membres haue theyr generation of bloode as fleshe fatte the solution of the continuite where of maye be trulye consounded and restored And of these membres some ben colde and drye as gristelles bones heere 's ligamentes chordes veynes and pannicles The skynne is of an hote and drye nature contrarie to the nature of al other membres simple Skynne For the skynne is not onely the meane of the partes of
the veynes And nature hathe ordeyned them to be harder for a iust cause For as long as the lyfe of man endureth the arteries moue coÌ„tinually And vnder the sayd paÌ„nicle thre lytle skynnes grow within and ende wythout which nature hath ordeyned to receaue that that commeth out of the herte In the lift veÌ„tricle there ben fouÌ„de ii holes Of whiche one is the mouth wherout procedeth the greate arterie of whych al the arteries of mans body haue theyr generation Moreouer vpon the same mouth thre pannicles are situated whych begynne wythin and ende without that they may answere be bowed back to that blode and spirite that coÌ„meth from the hert whyche blode forthwyth is diuided of nature through out al the substauÌ„ce of the hert in moderate quaÌ„titie and the rest of the blode is sent to the nouryshment of the herte and it is thynned in the substaunce of the hert and in the middle pytte it is digested and purifyed and whan it is purifyed it is sent to the lyfte ventricle where of the blode there is a spirite engendred more pure and subtile than any bodie made of the foure elementes And there is another hole whyche is the mouthe of an ample veyne goyng to the longes And thorowe the holownes of it the ayre is sent from the longes to the herte In whych seconde hole there bene only two pannicles procedynge wythout and endyng wythin whyche God hath profitably ordeyned to conduicte ayre to the herte In the lyfte veÌ„tricle there is fouÌ„de an arterie hauynge onlye one tunicle named arteria venalis Arteria venalis whyche conueyeth subtile bloude procedynge froÌ„ the herte to the longes by whose substaunce it is dispersed it is the nouryshmeÌ„t of the longes And the hert hath two litle particles additamentes or pieces lyke smal eares which susteyn it One is in the ryght syde thother in the lyfte ¶ Of the longes THe longes is a membre of rare and thynne substaunce Longes spongious and is tyed wyth a PaÌ„nicle called mediastyne whych couereth the harte that the bones of the brest touch it not And there is a cane or pype ouer the longes called Trachea arteria wherof we haue spoken before The profytte of the cane is to drawe colde ayre whyche ayre compasseth aboute mannes bodye vntyll it come to the herte to teÌ„pre hys great heate And by the same Cane the superfluities of the herte may passe out Wherfore the coldnes of the ayre that compasseth aboute mannes bodye is of greate vtilitie For it tempreth the herte wythout whych the vital spirites shuld be choked Therfore nature hath produced inspiration and respiration that the herte myght be duely blowed vpoÌ„ and that the ayre might be puryfyed by the longes before it come to the herte ¶ Diaphragma or the midriffe DIaphragma or the mydryffe is one of the membres that bene conteyned in the coÌ„cauite of the brest Midriffe whose begynnynge procedethe from the ouer part of the brest and in descendyng it stretcheth it selfe large and longe tyl it come to the .xii. spondyle of the backe And it is a grosse Pannycle and musculous in the neyther part and seperateth the spiritual membres froÌ„ the membres nutrityue and it hath allyaunce wyth the brayne by the meanes of the synnowes whyche procede from the same Nature hathe ordeyned the midriffe that by hys continuall mouynge it myght blowe vpon coole the hart as the belowes of a smyth wheÌ„ they bene opened they receyue ayre wheÌ„ they ben closed they dryue the wynde to the fyer And for two raysons solution of continuite can not be restored in it The fyrste is bycause of hys continuall mouynge The seconde is bycause it is full of sinnowes and is subtile THe Pannicle called mediastyne is in substaunce lyke the mydriffe Mediastine diuidynge the breste after hys lengthe therfore it passeth thorow the middest of the loÌ„ges And it is tyed wyth the spondiles of the backe and susteyneth the longes Thys diuision was made thorowe the myddest that the hurte of one part shulde not be communicated al aboute ¶ Of Pleura PLeura is a thynne Pannicle Pleura sensible whyche couerethe the ribbes In whyche often times there is engeÌ„dred an aposteme called a Pleuresie ¶ The anatomie of the bellye and hys partes Chap. x. VEnter or the belie is communely takeÌ„ in two sortes The bellie firste for the stomacke the throte gulle secondelye for the region coÌ„teynyng the nutritiue membres And we must knowe that the conteynyng partes ben Myrach and Siphac as perteyninge to the fore parte as perteyning to the hyndre parte they ben the bones of the fyue spondiles the skynne and the lacertous fleshe Mirach is compouned of foure thinges of skynne of fatte Mirach of a fleshy Pannicle and of muscles growynge out of the herte Siphac is a simple Pannicle very harde coÌ„pouned of synowes Siphac fylmes or as it were small heares and ligamentes ioyned wyth a Pannicle Therfore there is a great difference betwene Mirach and Siphac For Mirach hath many partes that maye be seperated and so hathe not Siphac Membres contâ—yned The membres that bene called coÌ„teined arne .vii. the zirbus the guttes the stomake the liuer the mylte the MeseÌ„terium the reynes Of the blader and of the figure of the matryce we wyl speake herafter in the anatomie of the hanches ¶ The stomake Stomake THe stomake is a membre compouned of thre sinnowye tunicles hauynge many fylmes or as it were small threedes or heares accordyng to his length and bredth And it procedeth from the ouer parte of the midriffe hauynge the figure of a rounde gourde The necke is longe in the ouer parte leanynge to the lifte syde and the botome of it is conteyned wyth a gutte called Duodenum Yea and the botome of the stomake is the begynnynge of the guttes It is tyed behynde to the spondyles of the backe wyth stronge sinnowye ligamentes whyche extende them selues accordynge as the stomake requireth And the stomake was princypally ordeyned for the fyrst digestion And there bene in it foure natural vertues that is to saye Attractyue whan there is appetyte of meate digestyue retentyue and expulsyue Of whyche vtilites it shulde be longe to entreate nowe ¶ Of the liuer Liuer The lyuer is sette in the ryght side Vnder the ouer rybbes towarde the hynder parte And it is a fleshy membre of thynne substaunce hauing the semblance of congeled bloude And it is hollowe in the inwarde parte towarde the stomake and bounchye wythout after the figure of the mone whan she is more than halfe ful The concauite is toward the stomake and the bounching towarde the midriffe And out of the hollownesse Porta there groweth as it were a cane or pype called porta And it is a greate veyne made of spermatique or seede mattier Out of whych after Rasis there growe .vii. veynes of them infinite as the rootes of a
Aristologia Aristolochia hathe his name of that that it helpeth greatly women in labour for the expulsyon of the secondes There bene two kyndes hereof the male and the female The male is called longe the female rounde The roote of the Female is rounde lyke a rape but the male is an ynche thycke and a span longe Wyllyam Turner a man besydes his other lerning of excellēt knowlege in herbes shewed me that he founde this herbe in Italye with a frute fassyoned lyke a pere And he gaue me seedes to set howbeit they prospered not Aromatike Aromata be spyces of good odour Aromatike is that that hath the nature and qualitie of good spyces Arsenyke Arsenicon is a greke worde and is called in latyne auripigmētū bicause it hath the colour of golde And it is digged oute of mynes and hath vertue to gnawe to bynde to represse It rayseth bladders lyke fyre and fynally it roteth vp heere 's and causeth baldnesse Vigon vseth arsenike and auripigmentū for .ii. thinges whiche difference I fynde not in lerned auncient auctours Aromaticum rosatū Aro ro is a confection made of red roses saunders cinamome c. to comforte the herte and the stomake Arthetica Arthritis is when there is weakenesse in all the ioyntes of the body a noughty humour flowing to the same It is caled podagra whan the humour is in the feete chiragra when it is in the handes Ischia dica or as they call it sciatica whē it is about the huclebone whiche is called ischion in Greke Arterie An arterie is the waye passage or conduyct of the natural spirites as a veyne is the waye of bloode Asa Asa fetida is a stynkynge gumme which heateth vehementlye Asparage Asparagus is an herbe ful of braūches and longe leaues lyke fenell his roote is greate long hauing a būche There bene two kyndes hereof The garden asparage is a good meate for the stomake and looseth the bellye Assignatio Assignatiō appoyntynge Assarum bacchar Some cal assarū wylde spikenarde Some Asarū bacchar It is an herbe of good odour hauynge leaues lyke yuye sauynge that they ben lesse and rounder The floure of this herbe is of purple colour wherin there are seedes lyke the stones of grapes Thys herbe healeth and prouoketh vryne Hermolaus Barbarus teacheth that there is a difference betwene Asarum Bacchar though theyr vertues are lyke Ruellius sayth that Bacchar is called in the countrie our ladyes gloues Aspis Aspis is a venemous serpente whose styngyng bryngeth heuynesse of the heed and slepynesse Attractiue That is called attractiue that hath strength to drawe to a place Attrition Attrition wearynge asondre Augmentation Augmentatio Encrease Atramentum minerale Atramentū minerale or metallicū groweth togyther in mynes of brasse and semeth to be of the nature of brasse It hath the same strength to burne that vitriolle Romayne hath Baurach BAurach is the fome of the salte called nitrum And therefore it is called in Greke Aphronitrum Baucia The later wryters cal pastinacū that is persnepes Bauciam Bedeguar Serapion teacheth that bedeguar is that that Dioscorides calleth spinam albam which groweth in moūtaynes and wooddye places wyth rough and pryckynge leaues purple leaues and an hollowe stalke and whytysh in the toppe wherof it hath a pryckye heed Bechichie Bechichie I thynke they wolde saye Bechie that is agaynst the cough For Bechion sygnifyeth the cough in Greke Ben. Ben. Dioscorides calleth ben balanon myrepsicam and the latynes glādē vnguentariam And the sayde autour teacheth that it is the frute of a tree growynge in Ethiopia Egypt and Aphrica about the bignesse of an hasel nutte which frute being pressed sendeth out a liquour which they vse in precyous oyntmentes Biarbor Loke in vitis alba for the Italiās call vitis alba biarbor Bdelium Bdelium is a lyquoure of a tree of Arabie Bisantia The pandectarie sayth that bizantia is the iuce of herbes that prouoke vryne Blacce bisantie Blatte bisātie ben shel fyshes found in India in waters by whiche spikenarde groweth they eate the spykenarde and therfore haue a pleasaunt and aromaticke odoure The smoke hereof draweth downe the secondes of women and the same rayseth thē vp that haue the fallynge sycknesse The latynes call them vngues odoratos Bolearmenie Bolearmenie is a veyne of red erth founde in armenie Boras Boras other wryte it borax and Plinie sayth that it is a lyquoure in pyttes runnyng by a veyne of golde and by the colde of wynter it is hardened It is called in greke chrysocolla as if you wold saye the glue of gold Bozomus This worde Bozomus is found in no good auctour that euer I chaunced to see Bromus in greke signifieth the corne which we call Otes let the reader iudge whether Vigon vse bozomus for bromus Bruscus Some thynke that Bruscus is a wilde myrt It hath leaues prycking in the ende and a frute lyke cheryes The latynes call it ruscum In some places they make besommes of it to swepe pauementes I founde it Englysshed in an olde wrytten boke litholme Some call it gueholme Bubon Bubon is a swellynge in the kernelles In the pestilence it is wonte to appeare in the necke in the flankes and vnder the armehooles CAncrena Gangrena is whan some parte of the body through gret inflāmation dieth but is not yet perfitly deed when it is perfytelye deed and without felynge it is called sphacelos in Greke whiche they haue turned to ascachillos sideratio in latyne Some saye that gangrena is whan a membre is apte to putrefye Ascachillos when it is putrifyed but hathe not al partes of putrefaction Esthiomenos when a membre hath all degrees of putrefaction Camphore Camphora or as some wryte it caphura is a gumme of red coloure spottie And it is cold and dry in the thyrd degree It stoppeth blood with vynegre and defendeth hote apostemes c. Cantharides Cantharides are certayne as it were flyes of sondry colour of longe bodyes hauynge yolowe and croked strakes on theyr wynges They haue strength to drawe heate to the ouermost part of the bodye and to blystre Capsula cordis Capsula cordis called pericardion in Greke is the skynne that couereth the herte the skaberde or sheth of the herte Caput monachi Caput monachi soundeth a monkes heed and it is thought to be the herbe which the Grecians call buphthalmon that is oxe eye and whyche we call mayweede Carduus benedictus Carduus benedictus Hieromye Tragus sayeth that they are disceyued whiche thynke that car bene is groundeswel or housleke and he iudgeth it to be carduus which is a thistell bearynge floures somwhat redder than purple Some cal it wolfethystell Cassia Cassia fistularis or nigra is a frute longe rounde hollowe conteynynge in it a liquour rongeled which is deuyded by certayne spaces as it were with thyn peces of wood it purgeth boylyng colere There groweth an other cassia in Arabie of colour lyke coral of a pleasaunt odour it is called cōmenly
greate prouocation to the seege but can do nothynge It commeth of teinein which signifyeth to stretche Tension Tension stretchynge Terra sigillata Terra sigillata is an earth dygged oute of certayne caues in the Isle Lemnos And bycause it was sent from thence beinge sealed it was called Sigillata Some thynke that we haue not the thynge thoughe we retayne the name Terebentine Mainarde sayeth that the true Terebinthina was broughte oute of the Isle called Chios and out of Libia and Pontus But nowe in the stede of it we vse Rhasyne of the fyr or sapyne tree Terminatio ad crisim Crisis sygnifyeth iudgemente and in thys case it is vsed for a sodayne chaunge in a disease Thys chaunge is wonte to happen foure maner of wayes For eyther the patient is immedyatly delyuered of hys disease or is moche better at ease or dyeth incontynentlye or becommeth moche worse The fyrst of these chaunges is called Crisis the seconde Elleipes that is wantynge the thyrde cace that is euyll the fourth ateles that is vnperfyte Hereafter it appeareth that those chaunges which happen by litle and lytle are not properly called Crises but lises that is solutions or loosinges Trachea arteria The wesaunde pype is called Trachea bycause it is rough Transuersalis Transuersalis crosseouer Trifera Trifera is an electuarie made of myrobalanes gynger cloues c. for wyndynesse rawe humours c. Trociskes Trochiscos in Greke is a lytle whele Amonge the apothecaries it is a confection made of sondrye pouders and spyces by the mene of some lyquoure In latyne they call it Pastillum Tunecis Some thynke that Tunici is the herbe that dioscorides calleth polemonium and some take it for the floures of gillofloures Polemonium after Dioscorides descryption hath leaues lytle bygger than Rue but longer In the toppe of hys braunches it hath as it were Iuye berryes in whyche there is a blacke seede The roote is dronken with wyne agaynst venyme Tutia Tutia is called in Greke Pompholix that is to saye a bubble For it is that that bubbleth vp in brasse whan it is boyled and cleueth to the sydes or couer of the fornace And that that synketh and is as it were the asshes of boyled brasse is called Spodium For spodos in Greke sygnifyeth the dust and asshes wherof spodion is a diminutiue Turbith Musa sayeth that Turbith is the seconde kynde of spurge Some thynke that Turbith is taken out of a plant whyche hath leaues lyke the leaues of the myrte tree Varices VArix is the swellynge of a veyne somtymes in the temples sometyme in the base parte of the belly somtymes about the stones but chefelye about the legges Ventoses They vse this worde Ventosa for Cucurbicula that is a cuppynge or boxynge glasse Ventricles Ventricles Lytle as it were mawes chambres holes Vermicularis Vermicularis the lesse housleke it groweth vpon houses Vesicatorie Vesicatorie Bladderynge blysterynge Viscum One kynde of Viscum is byrdelyme made of honye and oyle An other kynde is called Damascene and commeth from Damasco Mysteltowe also is called Viscum Vlcers Vlcers Sores Volubilis There ben many kyndes of volubilis one hathe whyte floures lyke belles and wrappeth it self in hedges Another crepeth on the grounde wyndeth it selfe aboute herbes The germaines call volubilos winde bycause I thynke it wyndeth and wrappeth it selfe aboute bushes or herbes I founde it englished in an olde wrytten boke hyehone Vitis alba Vitis alba hath leaues and braunches like a set vine and twyneth it self aboute brambles wyth hys tendrelles as a vine byndeth it selfe to trees and it hathe clusters of redde coloure lyke grapes wherwyth men were wonte to courie skynnes The name soundeth a white vine and it is called moreouer brionia There is another called nigra vitis or a blacke vine it hath leaues like yuie catcheth trees which grownigh vnto him with his tendrelles it beareth clusters fyrste grene and afterwarde blacke when they ben rype and it is called in latine bryonia nigra and vua taminia Vngula Vngula is a sinnowye eminence of the skynne of the eye called coniunctiua beginning at the greater corner of the eye and procedyng vpto the apple of the eye and when it is increased it couereth the apple also Vndimia Vndimia is a barbarouse terme in greke it is called oedema in latine tumor For it is a softe swellynge wythout payne Vital spirites A spirite is a subtile fyne aerye and cleare substaunce produced of the thynnest and fynest parte of bloode that vertue and strength maye be caried from the principal parte to the rest The physitions teache that there ben thre kindes of spirites animal vital naturall The animal spirite hath his seate in the brayne and is spredde in to all the bodye by synnowes gyuyng facultie of mouynge and felynge It is called animal bycause it is the first instrument of the soule whych the latines call animam And it is ingēdred of the vital spirite caried vp thither by arteries and there more parfectly digested and elaboured For whych purpose nature made the merueylouse nette in the brayne as it were a chaungeable and manifolde mase The vital spirite is conteyned in the harte and is caried to the partes of the bodye to cause naturall heate It is engendred of inspiration and of exhalation or outbreathinge of bloode The natural spirite dwelleth in the lyuer and in the veynes Howbeit some alowe not the addition of this spirite beyng contented wyth the other two Nowe that we haue declared the spirites we wil speake somewhat of the natural faculties There ben thre faculties I call a facultie the cause wherof action or doynge procedeth whych gouerne man and are distributed to the hole bodye as it were from an hedspringe namely animal vital and natural The animal facultie is the whyche sendeth felynge and mouynge vnto al the bodie from the brayne by sinnowes as it were by lytle pypes or conduytes moreouer it nourisheth vnderstāding therfore the Greciās cal it logisticē The vital facultie gyueth lyfe from the harte by arteries vnto all the bodye the Grecians call it thymoeides that is fitte to be angry or couragious wherby it appeareth that the hart is the headsprynge of natural heate The natural facultie gyueth nouryshment to al the partes of the bodye from the lyuer by veynes and is called of the grecians epithymetice that is couetynge or appetyng and also threptice that is nouryshynge And it hath foure vertues attractiue retentiue alteratiue and expulsiue The attractiue vertue is the whyche cā drawe such iuyce as is agreable to the part the iuce is agreable and fryndlye to the parte whyche is apte and fit to be made lyke to the sayd parte and to fede the same This facultie ministreth matter wherby euerye parte is nouryshed and is as it were an handmaide to the retentiue vertue The retentiue vertue is the whyche retayneth the drawen iuyce vntyll the alteratiue vertue hathe chaunged it in to the nature of the parte that is nouryshed and so it serueth the alteratiue vertue The alteratiue vertue is that whyche altereth chaungeth and boyleth that that is drawen and retayned a certayne space and finallye maketh it like and ioyneth it to the parte that is nouryshed The expulsiue vertue sondreth straunge and vnprofitable thynges from concoction and dryueth superfluities out of euery part of the bodye leste they taryenge to longe in the bodye shulde rotte and putrifie And thys also is a seruaunte to the alteratiue vertue Vitriolū romanū Musa sayeth that vitriolum romanum is that that Dioscorides calleth Misy whyche is founde in mynes hath the colour of golde and is harde and when it is broken it sendeth out the golden sparcles shinynge lyke sterres It hathe vertue to purge to heate to scoure awaye euyll corruption lyenge in the corners of the eyes when vitriolum is put wythout the addition of thys worde romanum Some vnderstande therby chalcantum whyche ye shall seke in the lettre C. Vuea One of the skynnes of the eye is called vuea bycause it is lyke the stone of a grape Vuula In the extreme parte of the rouffe of the mouthe there appeareth hangynge a lytle peece of fleshe whyche some call columellam some vuulum that is a lytle grape Xylobalsamū The woode of bawme is called xylobalsamum the frute carpobalsamū the iuyce or liquor opobalsamum zeduarie zeduaria is thought to be a roote of hote and drye temperamente whyche they seeth in wyne for the cough for paynes of the stomake c. Of wieght Libra or a pounde is deuided in to twelue ounces Here ye shal note that those apothecaries erre whyche for a pounde put sixtene ounces into theyr medicines For that is the marchauntes pounde The fourthe parte of a pounde is called quadrans in latine the thyrde triens the sixte sextans wherfore quadrans or a quarterne is the weyght of thre ounces Triens of four Sextās of two An oūce maketh viii .. drāmes a dram .iii. scruples And as the comune practicioners say .lx. barley cornes make a dramme Granum is the weyght of a grayne Manipulus signifieth an handfull Here folow the notes of these weyghtes A graine gr A scruple ℈ A dramme ʒ An ounce ℥ A quarterne Qr. A pounde li. Halfe. ss An handful m̄ Ana. is vsed for euerye one In number n̄ FINIS
tables that thoroughe theyr spongiosite they myghte drawe theyr nouryshment And they ben full of pores that the moyst fumes ascendynge from the brayne maye vapoure out wythout the hurte of the brayne The hed was made of sondrie bones to the entente that yf one parte were hurte it shulde not be commucated to the other And that the Anatomie of membres cōtained in the head might be more euidently declared it is profitable after that ye haue taken awaye the flesche of the sculle of the eyebrowes to diuide the brayne panne with a sawe circularely For incontinently assone as it is opened ye maye see the inner table full of pores and glassie as the outwarde and ye may see also the saide true commissures to whiche the pannicle called dura mater is knyt and ioyned Nature hathe produced thies commissures for foure causes The first is that the veynes maye entre by them whiche brynge nourishement to the brayne The seconde that the fillettes or thredes of the sinowes procedynge from the braine maye comme out and gyue felyng to the partes lying aboute The thyrde that the vapoures ascendyng to the braine may haue passage The last that the pannicle dura mater maye be holden vp that it greue not the braine By the middele or sagyttalle commyssure there passe two veynes procedynge frome the liuer and entre in vndre the sculle lyke wyse by the hole of the bone called basilare theyr commethe an Arterie procedynge frome the harte and ascendeth in to the heade vntil he ioyne hymselfe to the sinowes and veynes afore sayde Of whiche the harde pannicle called dura mater is cōpouned and is ioyned to the commissures procedynge wythout them by certaine lytle synnowes and as it were heres so that those synnowes and heere 's or thynne thredes commynge out of the commissures make a pannicle whiche couereth all the sculle and is called Gingiua mater or Pericraniū Pericraniū Therfore it was conuenient that an Arterie shulde ascende vpwarde frō the hart for if hys pulsatiue mouynge and subtile bloode shulde haue gone downewarde it wolde haue descended to hastely Therefore it is moderated by mountynge or goynge vpwarde Neuertheles it was mete that the veyne shulde goe downewarde frome the ouer parte to the nether that the grosse bloode myght easely descende Also the sayde veynes synnowes Pia mater and arteries ioyne them selues together agayne as it is sayde and make a pannicle verye thynne and subtile called pia mater whiche couerethe al the braine And than the sayd veynes and arteries goe downe to the braine and gyue it lyfe nourischement and vitall spirite procedyng from the harte And asmuche more as the braine receaueth of that vitall spirite so muche more perfecte ben the animall spirites The brayne is a substaunce full of marye diuided in to three vētricles of whyche there is one in the fore parte which is greater than the other three The brayn◠The seconde is in the myddest The thyrde hath hys resydence in the hyndre parte And therfore after Galenes iudgemēt it is the foundation of imagination and of deuysynge and of remembraunce Rasis also affyrmethe that the thyrde ventricle is the fountayne of the senses and voluntarie mouynge The Nuke is as it were a streame descendynge from the sayd partie The Nuke and the synnowes that comme frome the same are as it were lytle ryuers commynge out of a greate streame And moreouer the sayd Rasis sayeth that whan the heade sprynge that is the brayne is endammaged al the ryuers namely synnowes descendynge frome the same be also endammaged by the reason of participation But yf anye harme chaunce to the ryuers the foūtayne is not alwaye hurted but the places wherunto the synnowes are directed The substaunce of the braine is whyte and full of marye and softe and of a colde and moyste qualyte In whyche qualytee it differreth frome the maryes of other bones For it was not ordayned to nourishe the sculle but to conteyne the brayne to preserue the same And the pryncypall vtilyte of it is to tempre the heate of the vitall spirites procedynge frome the harte that the animall spyrites myght be made Of vētricles We sayed before that the brayne hathe three ventricles and the former and the hynder after the opinyon of Anatomistes ben diuided in the myddell that is to saye in the ryght syde and in the lyfte and the sydes of them ben wrapped aboute wyth the sayde pannicles goynge here and there vnto the fundation by whiche the ryght parte is diuyded frome the lyfte In the fore parte that is in the fyrste ventricle consysteth fantasie Fantasie whyche retaynethe the semblaunces of thynges receaued by syght and hearynge In the hyndre parte consisteth the vertue imaginatiue Imaginatiue vertue whyche apprehendethe thynges receaued reteyned by fantasie In the middel ventricule resteth the commune sense Commune sense whych apprehendeth the semblaūces of thinges brouze vnto hym by particulare senses and therefore it is directed to that place and there is ended And hereby appeareth the profite of this ventricle which serueth to imagination or fantasie to the cōmune sense and was produced that it shulde gyue sense animal spirite to al the instrumētes of felyng Also the accidētes which may chaūce to this ventricle ben apparant as solution of continuite euyll complectiō the payne of migraime whan there is anye hurte in the ventricle and some tymes it sufferethe Apostemes hote colde Yf the Aposteme be hote and cōsiste in the pānicles it is called Sirsen Syrsen Yf the Aposteme be colde it is called Lethargus Lethargus and inducethe forgetfulnes And yf by chaunce there be an Aposteme in the substaūce of the braine it is called a mortal Aposteme There maye also chaunce to them a disease by reason of the euyll composition with yf it bee vtterly stoppynge ether it is by vapoures Vertigo and than causeth Vertigo or scotome which is a darckenīg of the syght and a swymmyng in the head as though all thynges turned aboute Or yf it be of an euyll humour than it causeth astonishement and the Palsie Palsye And yf al the ventricles of the braine be stopped with the substaunce of the braine Apoplexie they cause a cōtinuall apoplexie Also the braine is diuided in to foure partes the former the hynder the right the lyfte in the former parte bloode raigneth in the hyndre parte flegme in the right cholere in the lifte melancholie And therefore the former parte is hotest ¶ The seconde ventricle AFter that we haue spoken of the fyrst ventricle and of the seate and complection of it and of the vtilities and diseases that maye chaunce to the same it is conuenient that we speake of the seconde vētricle In the ende of the first ventricle there ben two smal partes or substaūces after the maner of the nastrelles of a man whyche ben to the ventricle as it were a bedde
steped in the brothe of fleshe .li. i. of oyle of camomill and dille of euery one ℥ ij the yolkes of two egges of saffran ʒ ij of opium ʒ i. Item the ordinaunce of Alexāder rehersed in the chapter of emoroides is good agaynst all paynes of the fundament As concernynge inwarde payne trifera opiata is verye conuenient and so is trifera romana and persica whych induce slepe Trifera persica was inuented to retayne floures and the fluxe of emorroydes and vomitynge and spyttyng of bloode chieflye when it is gyuen wyth the iuyce of plantayne and whē it is put in the wombe it stauncheth fluxe of the floures and in clysters it cureth the fluxe of bloode and excoriacion of the guttes it closeth the mouthes of the veynes ¶ Of clysters supposytories and pessaryes A Clyster is a noble remedye to dryue out superfluitees of the guttes and of all the bodye And it was founde by a byrde called a storke whych to ease the payne of her bellye was sene to put salte water wyth her becke into her hynder hole The operation of a clyster is to purge the guttes the reynes and the bladder wythout hurte of the principall membres Wherfore there be many kyndes of clysters some supple some breake wynde some restrayne some cōforte synowye mēbres through theyr heate And those be good for a crampe that cōmeth by a replection A clyster agaynst the sayde crampe may thus be ordeyned ℞ of camomill Clyster for the crampe yua muscata mellilote dille of euery one m̄ ij of the rootes of enula campana m̄ ij of the rootes of walwort ℥ ij of maioram gentle of hoorehounde of sage of nept of mugwort of rue of euerye one m̄ ss of annys of comyn of euerye one ʒ ij of castorium of triacle of euerye one ℈ ij of honye .li. i. of the fatte of a foxe ʒ x. of oyle of camomill dille lillies of euery one ℥ iiij of the oyle of a foxe of laurell of terebentyne castorium of euerye one ʒ vi the heade of a wether somewhat brused lette them sethe all together wyth sufficient water tyl halfe be consumed then streyne them and put to the straynyng of odoriferous wyne about the thyrde part of the decoction and let them sethe agayne and mynistre it for a clyster Let the quantitie of thys decoction be to ordeine a clyster .li. j. ss with an oūce and a halfe of oyle of camomill and as muche of the other forsayd thynges ℥ i. ss of the syrupe of sticcados An other lynitiue clyster Linitiue clyster ℞ of the brothe of a chycken sodden wyth barlye .li. ij of oyle of vyolettes ℥ iij. the yolkes of two egges of redde sugger ℥ ij myngle them and make a clyster A clyster restrictiue is made after this sorte ℞ of a decoction of barlye made wyth smythes water .li. ij of oyle of roses omphacyne of oyle of myrte of euerye one ℥ i. ss of myua of quinces ℥ ij ss the yolke of an egge of redde sugger ℥ i. thys clyster is good against the fluxe of the emorroides and of the guttes Here foloweth a clyster to breake wyndines ℞ of a decoction of camomille dille mellilote anyse colewortes fenell corianders cumyne of euerye one ℥ i. of oyle of rue and dille of euery one ℥ i. of diafinicon ʒ x. of hony of roses ℥ ij a lytle salte myngle them and make a clyster Yf ye wyll haue it of lesse heate make it wyth a decoction of camomille mellilote dille and wyth the forsayd oyles leauynge oute cumyn and other hote symples ¶ Of suppositories OF suppositoryes some bene gentle some meane and some stronge Gentell suppositories be made with swynes larde or wyth the stalke of the leaues of colewortes wrapped in womēs heere and anoynted wyth larde or butter Meanelye stronge suppositories are made wyth honye sodden vnto thycknes wherunto yf ye put a lytle sall gēme they shall be of stronger operation A suppositorie made wyth frenche redde sope is of lyke effecte and so is a suppositorie made of the freshe rootes of floure deluyce Item a suppositorie made in the fourme of pilles called suppositorium succarinū whych is muche vsed at Genuaye is of good operation The ordinaunce wherof is after thys sorte ℞ of agaryk ℥ i. ss of blacke elebore ℥ ss salis gemme ʒ x. of ireos ℥ i. sethe them all together wyth foure pounde of reyne water tyll halfe be consumed then make pylles at the fyer wyth sufficient sugger wyth the forsayd decoction strayned and corianders wherof ye shall put fyue into the fundament A suppositarye of greater strēgth is thus made ℞ of hony sodden tyl it be thycke ℥ iij. of benedicta ʒ vi salis gemme of oxe galle of euerye one ʒ ij myngle them and make a suppositarye ¶ Of Pessaries PEssaries are made to prouoke the floures ℞ of mugworte sauyne sothernwood marigoldes ana m̄ ss of safron ʒ ss of hony ℥ ii lett thē boyle all together in sufficient water tyll the thyrde part be consumed than streyne them and with the streynyng make a pessary of cloutes The pessari folowyng is to be vsed in lyke case ℞ of honye sodden tyll it be thycke and styffe ℥ iiii of nigella brayed of mugwort poudred of euery one ℥ ss of safrōʒ i. myngle them and make a pessarye The xix chapter of oyles FYrst we wyll speake of magistrall oiles Oleū benedictū is good for the cure of many deseases of the bodye as for the crampe caused by repletion or the palsye for paynes of the iointes comyng of mingled mater conuenient purgacion presupposed It is also good for the brayne distempered thorough colde Furthermore it is of good operacion against the falling sycknes if ye anoynt the coronal commissure there wyth It dryeth also fystules A mundifycation wyth a stronge medicyne premysed it cureth great freshe woūdes colde catarres it conforteth the spirites openeth veynes stopped through colde humours and yf one droppe of it be put into the eare with cotton it amēdeth hearing chieflye when the impediment is caused of a colde cause Item a rose cake moystened in the sayd oyle and layed to the temples easeth the mygryme and taketh awaye the swymmyng of the heade And if half an ounce of the sayd oyle be dronken with alytle odoriferous wyne in the morning .iii. dayes together it conforteth and reneweth the hert longes Item yf it be taken wyth a lytle odoriferous wyne it is good in quarteyne fieuers The receyt of it muste be almoste a sponeful and that order muste be be kepte four dayes takynge euery daye the forsaid oyle an houre before daye vpon suche dayes as no paroxisme is loked for Item taken the space of .xxx. dayes wyth a lytle wyne and a lytle pionye it healeth the fallyng sycknes and the peynes of the frenche pockes Item it is a greate medicyne for the styngynges of venomous beastes for weaknes of the synnowes and thys