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length_n and_o so_o to_o charge_v through_o every_o man_n betake_v himself_o to_o his_o sword_n or_o otherwise_o as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v for_o when_o we_o assault_v our_o enemy_n with_o our_o carabine_n and_o if_o time_n will_v permit_v it_o with_o one_o pistol_n what_o need_n have_v we_o of_o such_o tedious_a fire_n by_o file_n or_o by_o rank_n sake_n i_o show_v those_o firing_n only_o for_o exercise_v sake_n which_o the_o experience_a soldier_n think_v useless_a for_o when_o our_o horse_n be_v in_o a_o readiness_n for_o execution_n they_o must_v fire_v entire_a which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v most_o offensive_a except_o the_o enemy_n retreat_n and_o wheel_n off_o there_o will_v be_v but_o little_a use_n of_o a_o second_o pistol_n 107._o tactic_n of_o aelian_a 107._o there_o be_v also_o among_o the_o grecian_n use_v divers_a form_n of_o buttalia_n call_v rombe_n of_o horse_n and_o a_o wedge_n of_o horse_n the_o rombe_n be_v according_a to_o these_o figure_n some_o be_v make_v 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hexham_n barriff_n elton_n ward_n and_o many_o other_o too_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v beside_o myself_o who_o now_o have_v write_v part_n that_o from_o we_o all_o you_o may_v learn_v all_o this_o art_n and_o be_v i_o worthy_a humble_o shall_v advise_v our_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o their_o deputy_n to_o charge_v their_o muster-master_n when_o they_o view_v default_n of_o arm_n contempt_n of_o person_n too_o to_o see_v their_o arm_n to_o be_v the_o person_n own_o and_o not_o then_o borrow_a only_o to_o be_v show_v and_o muster_v in_o person_n to_o fight_v by_o spell_n against_o our_o foe_n or_o traitor_n that_o rebel_n of_o who_o our_o church_n or_o state_n can_v be_v afraid_a with_o fix_a arm_n and_o ready_a man_n well_o pay_v which_o will_v restore_v to_o england_n and_o its_o crown_n the_o subject_n honour_n and_o their_o king_n renown_n
labour_n and_o honour_n may_v be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o way_n you_o may_v observe_v whereas_o the_o sergeant_n of_o every_o company_n be_v to_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o serjant-major_a of_o that_o particular_a regiment_n for_o the_o divide_n of_o their_o several_a corporalship_n or_o squadron_n file_n or_o half_a file_n for_o the_o make_n up_o of_o any_o body_n form_n or_o figure_n according_a to_o direction_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o serjant-major_n of_o regiment_n be_v to_o assist_v the_o serjant-major_a of_o a_o army_n to_o bring_v in_o what_o division_n or_o body_n soever_o shall_v be_v call_v for_o and_o the_o serjant-major_a general_n be_v so_o to_o do_v to_o the_o martial_a of_o the_o field_n and_o that_o his_o duty_n may_v be_v perform_v with_o all_o careful_a severity_n the_o serjant-major_a be_v allow_v his_o hakney_n to_o speed_v it_o from_o company_n to_o company_n to_o see_v that_o every_o company_n be_v in_o his_o true_a form_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v any_o man_n whatever_o through_o pride_n stubborness_n neglect_v covetousness_n of_o pillage_n or_o by_o any_o other_o dilitory_n and_o weak_a excuse_n to_o break_v out_o of_o his_o rank_n or_o to_o disproportion_v any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n by_o any_o rude_a or_o uncomely_a posture_n but_o severe_o to_o rebuke_v the_o same_o and_o compel_v a_o speedy_a reformation_n but_o out_o of_o a_o army_n both_o in_o field_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o office_n both_o of_o a_o serjant-major_a and_o marshal_n shall_v be_v in_o himself_o he_o shall_v summon_v court_n of_o war_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o captain_n to_o proceed_v to_o trial_n against_o offender_n he_o shall_v proportion_v all_o allodgment_n encamp_n and_o with_o his_o best_a skill_n fortify_v the_o same_o and_o shall_v upon_o fight_n draw_v the_o battle_n yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n to_o take_v direction_n from_o his_o superior_a officer_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o you_o see_v he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o watch_n and_o guard_n about_o that_o regiment_n so_o if_o there_o be_v no_o great_a officer_n than_o himself_o there_o to_o give_v the_o word_n and_o to_o appoint_v the_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o superior_a officer_n than_o the_o serjant-major_a shall_v receive_v it_o from_o he_o and_o so_o give_v it_o to_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o such_o inferior_a officer_n as_o shall_v have_v the_o guard_n that_o night_n in_o short_a a_o serjant-major_a aught_o to_o be_v dutiful_a to_o all_o his_o superior_n by_o who_o he_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o experience_a soldier_n and_o of_o a_o valiant_a and_o undaunted_a behaviour_n 4._o the_o office_n of_o a_o quartermaster_n 1._o he_o shall_v in_o all_o change_n of_o lodging_n attend_v the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o take_v the_o place_n assign_v by_o he_o for_o the_o quarter_a of_o the_o regiment_n in_o such_o form_n as_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n shall_v direct_v he_o and_o there_o he_o shall_v appoint_v lodging_n to_o the_o colonel_n and_o the_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o place_n that_o they_o be_v to_o take_v in_o the_o regiment_n both_o in_o town_n and_o field_n 2._o he_o shall_v lodge_v suttlers_n of_o that_o regiment_n in_o the_o hindermost_a part_n of_o the_o quarter_n at_o such_o distance_n as_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n shall_v appoint_v 3._o his_o place_n be_v to_o lodge_v on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o the_o quarter_n behind_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n 4._o the_o office_n of_o the_o provost_n 1._o he_o shall_v see_v all_o proclamation_n order_n or_o decree_n that_o shall_v be_v publish_v by_o the_o provost-martial_a of_o the_o army_n likewise_o to_o be_v publish_v in_o the_o regiment_n whereof_o he_o be_v provost_n 2._o also_o he_o shall_v keep_v all_o the_o prisoner_n commit_v to_o he_o and_o once_o a_o week_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o provost-martial-general_n of_o all_o the_o prisoner_n within_o his_o charge_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o committance_n 3._o furthermore_o he_o shall_v oversee_v all_o the_o victualler_n of_o the_o regiment_n that_o they_o shall_v neither_o at_o unreasonable_a price_n nor_o at_o unlawful_a hour_n sell_v their_o victual_n and_o shall_v on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v watchful_a that_o no_o wrong_n be_v do_v and_o if_o any_o be_v that_o forthwith_o the_o party_n do_v wrong_a shall_v be_v bring_v before_o some_o officer_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o yield_v redress_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o the_o quarter_n once_o every_o forenoon_n once_o in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o once_o in_o the_o dead_a time_n in_o the_o night_n if_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_o perform_v 4._o he_o shall_v have_v a_o account_n give_v he_o every_o night_n of_o the_o victualer_n what_o victual_n be_v in_o the_o quarter_n and_o he_o shall_v carry_v the_o note_n thereof_o to_o the_o provost-martial_a of_o the_o army_n 5._o he_o shall_v when_o prey_v or_o booty_n be_v bring_v in_o after_o the_o provost-martial_a general_n have_v divide_v they_o to_o the_o regiment_n divide_v they_o to_o the_o several_a company_n he_o be_v provost-martial_a of_o 6._o he_o be_v to_o see_v the_o quarter_n keep_v clean_a and_o sweet_a all_o garbage_n and_o filth_n bury_v nothing_o that_o may_v annoy_v the_o quarter_n suffer_v to_o be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o provost-martial_a of_o the_o army_n 7._o he_o shall_v lodge_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o victualler_n of_o the_o regiment_n 8._o he_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o carriage-master_n for_o direction_n where_o the_o baggage_n of_o that_o regiment_n shall_v march_v where_o they_o shall_v assemble_v and_o what_o way_n they_o shall_v go_v which_o direction_n he_o shall_v perform_v and_o after_o he_o have_v give_v the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o colonel_n baggage_n he_o shall_v place_v by_o turn_v the_o rest_n as_o the_o company_n do_v march_v 9_o also_o he_o shall_v see_v the_o way_n make_v for_o the_o carriage_n accompany_v with_o man_n sufficient_a and_o with_o instrument_n to_o help_v and_o amend_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o way_n or_o carriage_n and_o if_o any_o carriage_n be_v unable_a to_o go_v he_o shall_v provide_v that_o it_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o rest_n the_o officer_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n 1_o the_o office_n of_o a_o captain_n 1._o he_o have_v proportionable_o the_o same_o command_n over_o his_o company_n as_o a_o colonel_n have_v over_o his_o regiment_n and_o so_o also_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v to_o obey_v he_o 2._o when_o he_o receive_v his_o company_n and_o his_o arm_n he_o be_v to_o choose_v his_o man_n and_o to_o sort_v they_o to_o his_o arm_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a etc._n etc._n 3._o he_o shall_v choose_v his_o officer_n such_o as_o either_o have_v have_v the_o like_a place_n before_o or_o be_v of_o experience_n and_o good_a government_n or_o such_o as_o have_v make_v themselves_o know_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o like_a 4._o he_o shall_v divide_v his_o company_n into_o corporalship_n 5._o he_o shall_v take_v care_n and_o labour_n to_o teach_v all_o his_o soldier_n the_o carriage_n and_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n to_o keep_v their_o order_n in_o marching_n and_o imbattailing_n and_o to_o understand_v all_o manner_n of_o motion_n and_o the_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o shall_v have_v usual_a time_n of_o exercise_v which_o shall_v be_v once_o a_o day_n at_o least_o till_o his_o man_n be_v perfect_a 6._o in_o the_o march_n of_o his_o company_n alone_o he_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o company_n go_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o in_o the_o reerward_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n 7._o in_o march_v with_o the_o regiment_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v his_o direction_n from_o the_o the_o serjant-major_a of_o the_o regiment_n and_o to_o carry_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o weapon_n as_o shall_v be_v by_o he_o direct_v and_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o division_n of_o his_o company_n appoint_v such_o a_o officer_n as_o the_o serjeant-major_a shall_v direct_v and_o for_o his_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v where_o the_o serjeant-major_a shall_v assign_v 8._o in_o imbattail_v he_o be_v to_o order_v his_o company_n as_o the_o serjeant-major_a shall_v direct_v he_o and_o to_o be_v himself_o where_o his_o colonel_n or_o superior_a officer_n shall_v appoint_v he_o 9_o in_o lodging_n he_o shall_v take_v that_o according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o place_n in_o the_o regiment_n and_o see_v that_o be_v order_v according_a to_o direction_n 10._o he_o shall_v have_v his_o quarter_n keep_v sweet_a for_o healthfulness_n for_o quiet_a for_o order_n especial_o in_o the_o night_n 11._o if_o his_o whole_a company_n be_v to_o march_v he_o shall_v draw_v off_o his_o company_n and_o stand_v in_o arm_n attend_v
beside_o the_o flancque_a defence_n f_o c_o d_o e_o can_v scour_v only_o one_o point_n of_o the_o round_a tower_n b_o c_o a_o because_o round_a body_n can_v be_v touch_v by_o right_a line_n but_o in_o one_o point_n only_o at_o last_o be_v conquer_v itself_o and_o find_v out_o that_o way_n of_o defence_n which_o we_o now_o use_v turn_v the_o wall_n into_o rampart_n and_o the_o round_a turret_n into_o bulwark_n fit_v with_o face_n and_o flancque_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a fortification_n with_o right_n or_o straight_a line_n to_o conclude_v it_o be_v bring_v so_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o enemy_n let_v he_o stand_v where_o he_o will_v shall_v lie_v open_a to_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n mutual_o defend_v one_o another_o be_v about_o to_o treat_v of_o this_o last_o manner_n of_o fortification_n i_o will_v keep_v such_o order_n that_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v expound_v the_o term_n that_o be_v use_v in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v then_o propose_v the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o the_o art_n and_o thus_o instruct_v at_o last_o god_n willing_a we_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o practice_n itself_o chap._n ii_o the_o term_n of_o military_a architecture_n be_v expound_v 1._o a_o fortification_n be_v a_o place_n have_v such_o a_o circumference_n who_o each_o part_n receive_v from_o other_o part_n a_o flancque_a or_o side_n defence_n beside_o the_o foreright_o defence_n they_o yield_v themselves_o so_o that_o all_o part_n mutual_o scour_v one_o another_o one_o part_n be_v say_v to_o scour_v or_o flanque_fw-la one_o another_o fig._n 5_o when_o it_o can_v defend_v it_o with_o the_o parallel_n shoot_v of_o a_o gun_n so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n x_o b_o c_o scowr_n the_o part_n f_o g_z the_o part_n a_o e_o f_o scowr_n c_o d_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n 2._o to_o delineate_v a_o fortification_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o out-line_n of_o the_o fortification_n 3._o a_o regular_a fortification_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o regular_a figure_n have_v all_o its_o part_n equal_a and_o like_v place_v 4._o a_o regular_a figure_n be_v that_o which_o have_v equal_a side_n and_o angle_n such_o be_v the_o figure_n h_o k_n r_o p_o m_o n_o all_o who_o side_n k_o r_n r_o p_o p_o m_o m_o n_o n_o k_o and_o angle_v n_n m_o p_o r_o k_n be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o about_o this_o a_o circle_n may_v be_v circumscribe_v that_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o centre_n h_n as_o the_o figure_n have_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v between_o two_o semidiameter_n k_o h_n r_o h._n the_o angle_n of_o the_o circumference_n or_o of_o the_o figure_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v between_o the_o side_n of_o the_o figure_n as_o m_n p_o etc._n etc._n 5._o a_o irregular_a fort_n be_v that_o which_o be_v build_v on_o a_o irregular_a figure_n a_o irregular_a figure_n be_v that_o which_o have_v neither_o side_n nor_o angle_n equal_a 6._o a_o bulwark_n or_o bastion_n fig._n 6_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fort_n b_o d_o h_o l_o m_o which_o most_o of_o all_o run_v into_o the_o field_n 7._o a_o c_o b_o d_o be_v the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 8._o d_o h_n c_o g_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 9_o b_o f_o m_o f_o the_o gorge_n or_o neck_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 10._o f_o h_n e_o g_o the_o capital_a line_n 11._o a_o b_o the_o courtine_n 12._o if_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o point_n 2_o and_o on_o the_o inside_n you_o take_v 5_o 3_o equal_a to_o 2_o b_o and_o join_v the_o point_n 2_o 3_o the_o part_z 3_o d_o or_o that_o curve_v line_n within_o it_o be_v call_v orillon_n or_o ear_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o 3_o 5_o be_v call_v the_o flancque_n couvert_v but_o the_o use_n of_o these_o orillon_n be_v almost_o out_o of_o date_n 13._o c_o q._n the_o flanque_fw-fr prolong_v 14._o q_o g_o the_o front_n or_o surface_n 15._o b_o g_o the_o fichant_n line_n of_o defence_n 16._o r_o g_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n 17._o k_o b_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o courtine_n call_v by_o the_o french_a the_o second_o flanque_n it_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o bastion_n d_o b_o and_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n kg_v 18._o e_o f_o the_o side_n of_o the_o inward_a polygon_n or_o figure_n 19_o g_o h_n the_o side_n of_o the_o outward_a polygon_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bastion_n 20._o p_o e_o p_o f_o the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o inward_a polygon_n or_o figure_n 21._o p_o g_o p_o h_n the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o outward_a polygon_n 22._o e_o p_o f_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n vide_fw-la def_n 4._o 23._o a_o e_o o_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n vide_fw-la def_n 4._o 24._o n_o g_o c_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n call_v in_o french_a angle_n flancque_n 25._o k_o c_o a_o i_o d_o b_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_fw-fr and_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n call_v in_o french_a angle_z de_z laflancquant_v &_o du_fw-fr flancque_fw-fr 26_o c_o k_n a_n d_o i_o b_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_a line_n of_o defence_n and_o courtine_n call_v in_o french_a angle_z flancquant_v interieur_fw-fr 27._o a_o c_o g_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_fw-fr and_o face_n 28._o g_o t_o h_o the_o angle_n of_o defence_n in_o french_a angle_n flancquant_v exterieur_fw-fr angle_n de_fw-fr tenailles_fw-fr 29._o d_o s_o h_o the_o angle_n determine_v the_o flanque_fw-la angle_n form_n flanque_fw-fr there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fortification_n as_o to_o their_o magnitude_n 30._o a_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o fichant_n line_n do_v not_o exceed_v a_o musquet-shot_a and_o be_v use_v most_o in_o fortify_v city_n and_o great_a place_n 31._o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o fichant_n line_n be_v less_o than_o musquet-shot_a but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bulwork_n more_o 32._o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o fort_n royal_a be_v that_o who_o bulwork_n be_v distant_a just_a musquet-shot_a those_o that_o be_v less_o be_v call_v castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v expound_v the_o orthographical_a term_n or_o the_o profile_n common_o call_v the_o upright_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n iii_o the_o canon_n or_o principal_a rule_n of_o fortification_n 1._o the_o end_n of_o fortification_n be_v that_o few_o may_v resist_v many_o 2._o the_o form_n of_o the_o fort_n must_v be_v such_o that_o all_o its_o part_n may_v receive_v a_o oblique_a flanquing-side_n defence_n beside_o the_o foreright_o defence_n they_o afford_v themselves_o 3._o therefore_o each_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n must_v flanque_fw-la and_o be_v flanque_v the_o manner_n of_o flanque_a be_v this_o the_o face_n which_o be_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o courtine_n as_o also_o by_o the_o opposite_a fig._n 5_o face_n the_o flanque_fw-fr of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o courtine_n and_o the_o courtine_n by_o the_o flanque_n vid._n fig._n 5._o fig._n 6_o 4._o the_o short_a and_o obliquer_fw-fr the_o defence_n line_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a and_o sure_a now_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o obliquer_fw-fr as_o the_o angle_n of_o defence_n g_o t_o h_o shall_v be_v acuter_n fig._n 5_o 5._o the_o fichant_n line_n b_o g_o a_o g_o must_v not_o exceed_v a_o musquet-shot_a that_o be_v 750_o or_o 720_o foot_n the_o bullet_n may_v be_v carry_v far_o but_o not_o to_o do_v execution_n at_o a_o mark_n the_o fichant_n line_n among_o all_o the_o line_n of_o the_o fort_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o do_v itself_o determinate_a the_o bigness_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n note_n when_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n of_o foot_n you_o must_v understand_v they_o to_o be_v rhyneland_n foot_n 6._o above_o all_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o make_v the_o flanque_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o large_a as_o you_o can_v 7._o therefore_o let_v the_o flanque_fw-fr of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v of_o a_o just_a bigness_n and_o make_v the_o second_o flanque_fw-fr as_o large_a as_o you_o can_v for_o that_o fort_n be_v far_o the_o strong_a which_o keep_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o maxim_n have_v also_o flanque_n in_o the_o courtine_n 8._o let_v the_o courtine_n be_v of_o a_o just_a length_n let_v it_o be_v more_o than_o the_o face_n and_o the_o flanque_n of_o the_o bulwark_n join_v because_o it_o be_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o fort._n fig._n 6_o 9_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n n_o g_o c_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o canon_n and_o consequent_o not_o less_o
which_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v exceed_o good_a and_o necessary_a all_o but_o the_o 16_o which_o say_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n must_v always_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o position_n we_o shall_v see_v more_o hereafter_o for_o i_o do_v assert_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v that_o it_o ought_v always_o to_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n which_o angle_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n that_o make_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o form_n of_o my_o ground-line_n from_o those_o now_o in_o use_n beside_o that_o i_o take_v great_a part_n and_o other_o profile_v the_o truth_n be_v the_o flanque_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o a_o fortification_n and_o those_o wherein_n lie_v its_o chief_a strength_n and_o therefore_o the_o structure_n of_o those_o be_v of_o so_o much_o the_o great_a consequence_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o those_o who_o will_v have_v the_o flanque_n evermore_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n because_o all_o shot_n come_v from_o thence_o fly_v parallel_n to_o the_o courtine_n and_o that_o by_o night_n all_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n may_v be_v better_o defend_v and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v very_o dark_a the_o soldier_n hold_v their_o musket_n in_o a_o right_a angle_n to_o their_o breast_n must_v needs_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o approach_v the_o courtine_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o fig._n 1._o these_o reason_n be_v well_o scan_v and_o examine_v appear_v so_o weak_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o answer_n nevertheless_o i_o shall_v brief_o refute_v they_o the_o first_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o shot_n fly_v all_o parallel_n with_o the_o courtine_n whereupon_o i_o say_v whether_o the_o flanque_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n or_o no_o the_o shot_n may_v for_o all_o that_o fly_v parallel_n with_o the_o courtine_n for_o the_o soldier_n know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n in_o set_v their_o musket_n i_o do_v also_o affirm_v that_o only_o one_o musqueteer_n can_v with_o one_o shot_n clear_v the_o whole_a courtine_n at_o once_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v incline_v to_o it_o for_o if_o they_o do_v fly_v parallel_n than_o those_o who_o give_v the_o assault_n must_v have_v wing_n likewise_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v shoot_v in_o the_o air_n in_o case_n those_o within_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o else_o the_o shot_n must_v fly_v only_o the_o height_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n above_o the_o horizon_n as_o out_o of_o the_o fausse-bray_a that_o so_o they_o may_v keep_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o flanque_n in_o these_o fortification_n be_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n high_a and_o all_o shot_n go_v downward_o and_o therefore_o hit_v the_o horizon_n in_o one_o place_n only_o the_o principal_a duty_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v that_o by_o nighttime_n he_o turn_v himself_o with_o his_o musket_n towards_o the_o place_n where_o he_o hear_v a_o noise_n or_o see_v fire_n or_o something_o else_o to_o which_o neither_o the_o perpendicularity_n nor_o the_o obliquity_n of_o flanque_n can_v give_v any_o advantage_n or_o become_v the_o least_o hindrance_n and_o these_o parallel-shot_n be_v only_o imaginary_a find_v out_o upon_o the_o ground-line_n which_o in_o the_o profile_v come_v far_o otherwise_o as_o fig._n 1._o num._n 1._o show_v the_o musquetteer_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o flanque_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o courtine_n clear_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o in_o case_n the_o musquetteer_n b_o do_v the_o same_o and_o shoot_v parallel_n with_o a_o but_o then_o his_o bullet_n fly_v so_o far_o from_o the_o wall_n as_o he_o himself_o stand_v off_o from_o his_o fellow_n and_o so_o likewise_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v along_o in_o the_o same_o line_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o who_o assault_n must_v be_v upon_o the_o wing_n or_o in_o the_o air_n or_o else_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hit_v by_o these_o parallel-shot_n but_o let_v the_o other_o without_o the_o point_n a_o as_o c_o d_o etc._n etc._n not_o shoot_v parallel_n with_o a_o than_o their_o shot_n can_v hit_v either_o the_o courtine_n or_o moat_n or_o bridge_n but_o in_o one_o place_n only_o which_o in_o a_o oblique_a flanque_n of_o a_o equal_a height_n will_v be_v the_o same_o now_o as_o for_o my_o flanque_n i_o order_v they_o after_o another_o method_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v of_o far_o great_a advantage_n than_o the_o former_a or_o any_o other_o that_o be_v ever_o yet_o in_o use_n which_o any_o artist_n may_v easy_o conceive_v when_o he_o view_v only_o the_o figure_n although_o no_o explanation_n or_o animadversion_n be_v make_v upon_o it_o in_o case_n he_o will_v but_o declare_v his_o judgement_n without_o partiality_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o war._n the_o flanque_n or_o defending-line_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o fortification_n and_o aught_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o have_v be_v alter_v several_a time_n already_o but_o never_o with_o any_o advantage_n comparable_a to_o what_o be_v obtain_v by_o these_o which_o advantage_n be_v distribute_v and_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n the_o flanque_n with_o casematt_n be_v odious_a in_o the_o unite_a province_n because_o their_o orillon_n can_v not_o stand_v unless_o they_o be_v wall_v up_o with_o stone_n which_o be_v too_o chargeable_a as_o likewise_o by_o their_o cut_v and_o retire_v of_o the_o flanque_n mount_v with_o canon_n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bulwork_n come_v to_o be_v too_o little_a which_o in_o my_o work_n be_v otherwise_o those_o who_o view_v my_o bulwork_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o profile_v may_v also_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v make_v with_o casematt_n but_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o that_o and_o there_o be_v something_o else_o in_o it_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v and_o explain_v only_o let_v no_o man_n flatter_v himself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o so_o many_o brave_a captain_n and_o engineer_n have_v employ_v the_o best_a of_o their_o understanding_n and_o endeavour_n to_o arrive_v at_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o this_o art_n of_o fortification_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o they_o have_v attain_v unto_o it_o whereas_o in_o the_o late_a war_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v daily_o see_v that_o the_o best_a fortress_n make_v after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a can_v scarce_o resist_v so_o much_o as_o two_o month_n and_o it_o be_v altogether_o needless_a to_o produce_v example_n of_o that_o which_o so_o many_o history_n do_v attest_v beside_o all_o this_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o brave_a captain_n and_o engineer_n of_o this_o age_n know_v very_o well_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o modern_a flanque_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o think_v of_o it_o and_o the_o truth_n be_v many_o have_v confer_v with_o i_o about_o it_o but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o invention_n propound_v by_o they_o practicable_a in_o all_o place_n and_o in_o this_o country_n it_o have_v not_o be_v mind_v because_o the_o spanish_a do_v seldom_o or_o never_o attack_v any_o place_n of_o consequence_n with_o a_o industrious_a force_n but_o be_v besiege_a in_o any_o of_o their_o own_o place_n do_v easy_o surrender_v it_o without_o trouble_v themselves_o much_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o engineership_n but_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o subject_a and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n which_o be_v not_o to_o teach_v the_o ground_n or_o first_o rudiment_n of_o fortification_n but_o only_o to_o instruct_v the_o ingenious_a lover_n of_o that_o art_n how_o to_o reform_v those_o error_n which_o in_o these_o late_a furious_a and_o industrious_a war_n have_v be_v right_o discover_v in_o the_o modern_a fortification_n i_o style_v they_o furious_a and_o industrious_a because_o no_o history_n give_v a_o relation_n of_o any_o war_n that_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o great_a fury_n or_o of_o any_o city_n that_o be_v take_v with_o great_a industry_n in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v manifest_v the_o error_n of_o modern_a fortification_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o i_o shall_v begin_v first_o from_o the_o ground-line_n and_o propound_v a_o part_n of_o a_o regular_a fortress_n of_o eleven_o bulwork_n according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o friday_n and_o other_o modern_a mathematician_n who_o method_n i_o esteem_v to_o be_v much_o better_a than_o those_o of_o former_a age_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v the_o enemy_n of_o stronghold_n aught_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v know_v which_o be_v sappes_o spade_n pike_n canon_n mine_n and_o musket_n manage_v by_o soldier_n and_o command_v by_o skilful_a captain_n