what_o end_n then_o do_v he_o run_v on_o in_o a_o long_o ramble_v of_o doubt_v when_o as_o the_o very_a first_o act_n of_o doubt_v will_v have_v do_v his_o whole_a business_n and_o have_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v if_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o ego_fw-la dubito_fw-la because_o doubt_v be_v one_o head_n or_o sort_n of_o think_v than_o his_o argument_n shall_v have_v be_v put_v thus_o dubito_fw-la ergo_fw-la cogito_fw-la as_o we_o argue_v from_o est_fw-la homo_fw-la which_o be_v one_o kind_n of_o animal_n to_o ergo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n whereas_o he_o take_v and_o pursue_v a_o quite_o different_a method_n 2_o he_o infer_v his_o first_o principle_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la and_o so_o make_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o conclusion_n which_o be_v clear_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n they_o be_v self-evident_a and_o therefore_o incapable_a of_o be_v infer_v or_o prove_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o themselves_o to_o infer_v or_o prove_v they_o by_o i_o know_v spinoza_n and_o some_o other_o of_o his_o school_n deny_v he_o mean_v a_o inference_n but_o intend_v by_o these_o word_n one_o positive_a proposition_n viz._n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la or_o pâ—es_fw-la cogitans_fw-la but_o what_o mean_v then_o the_o illative_a particle_n ergo_fw-la or_o what_o sense_n bear_v it_o or_o why_o do_v himself_o in_o his_o three_o meditation_n say_v express_o exit_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la dubito_fw-la sequitur_fw-la i_o esse_fw-la again_o his_o first_o principle_n be_v deny_v by_o himself_o to_o be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la res_fw-la cogitans_fw-la but_o mere_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la at_o which_o he_o arrive_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la for_o in_o the_o 2d_o meditation_n he_o have_v these_o word_n nunquam_fw-la efficiet_fw-la deceptor_n ille_fw-la summè_fw-la potens_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la sim_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la i_o aliquid_fw-la esse_fw-la cogitabo_fw-la adeò_fw-la ut_fw-la denique_fw-la statuendum_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la pronunciatum_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la ego_fw-la existo_fw-la necessariò_fw-la esse_fw-la verum_fw-la but_o not_o to_o hold_v he_o too_o severe_o to_o his_o own_o word_n though_o no_o man_n use_v to_o express_v himself_o more_o clear_o let_v his_o first_o principle_n be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la i_o object_v then_o far_o against_o it_o three_o that_o notwîthstand_v all_o that_o can_v be_v allege_v it_o must_v be_v grant_v he_o have_v infer_v and_o prove_v that_o whole_a first_o principle_n for_o be_v not_o all_o that_o antecede_v to_o the_o find_v it_o so_o many_o discourse_n or_o reason_n and_o do_v he_o not_o evident_o infer_v this_o to_o be_v true_a because_o all_o else_o may_v be_v doubt_v of_o if_o not_o to_o what_o purpose_n do_v he_o pretend_v he_o may_v doubt_v of_o all_o else_o for_o if_o this_o be_v evident_a of_o itself_o and_o not_o need_v to_o be_v prove_v he_o may_v have_v propose_v it_o at_o first_o without_o make_v all_o that_o ado_n four_o since_o he_o must_v necessary_o grant_v that_o something_o or_o other_o be_v infer_v or_o prove_v by_o he_o that_o be_v follow_v from_o his_o antecedent_n discourse_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o his_o opinion_n something_o do_v follow_v thence_o because_o he_o discourse_v or_o argue_v all_o the_o while_n and_o use_v more_o than_o once_o the_o word_n sequitur_fw-la and_o no_o such_o discourse_n can_v be_v but_o something_o must_v still_o follow_v out_o of_o what_o go_v before_o he_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o ere_o he_o begin_v his_o discourse_n or_o go_v about_o to_o speak_v consequential_o to_o have_v be_v perfect_o satisfy_v himself_o and_o have_v show_v his_o reader_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o past_o all_o doubt_n what_o the_o force_n of_o a_o right_a consequence_n be_v and_o in_o what_o it_o consist_v and_o that_o himself_o while_o he_o discourse_v do_v make_v use_n of_o such_o right_a consequence_n and_o he_o shall_v the_o rather_o have_v do_v this_o because_o man_n do_v more_o frequent_o err_v in_o draw_v consequence_n than_o in_o judge_v that_o they_o have_v a_o body_n that_o they_o see_v feel_v hear_v or_o use_v their_o other_o sense_n all_o which_o he_o represent_v as_o possible_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o whereas_o he_o never_o start_v or_o make_v the_o least_o doubt_n of_o his_o consequence_n which_o be_v to_o bind_v the_o part_n of_o his_o discourse_n together_o all_o along_o and_o so_o bring_v he_o orderly_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n nor_o give_v any_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o be_v doubt_v of_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n nor_o take_v care_n to_o settle_v that_o doubt_n which_o show_v that_o he_o be_v not_o true_a to_o his_o own_o extravagant_a method_n of_o settle_v his_o first_o principle_n by_o doubt_v of_o every_o thing_n till_o he_o come_v at_o it_o but_o leave_v it_o and_o consequent_o his_o first_o principle_n which_o depend_v on_o it_o uncertain_a 5th_o and_o last_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o which_o according_a to_o he_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v of_o any_o thing_n follow_v out_o of_o a_o first_o principle_n unless_o he_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o that_o principle_n itself_o but_o cartesius_n when_o in_o the_o progress_n of_o his_o thought_n he_o come_v to_o the_o settle_v ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la for_o his_o first_o principle_n have_v no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o that_o principle_n itself_o therefore_o he_o can_v have_v no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o follow_v out_o of_o that_o principle_n and_o consequent_o all_o that_o method_n to_o science_n lay_v by_o he_o be_v useless_a to_o that_o end_n and_o fruitless_a the_o minor_a which_o only_o can_v need_v proof_n be_v thus_o manifest_v for_o he_o have_v not_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v arrive_v at_o that_o principle_n as_o yet_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o subject_a of_o that_o principle_n or_o proposition_n ego_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o have_v no_o such_o knowledge_n of_o the_o proposition_n or_o principle_n itself_o the_o antecedent_n be_v confess_v by_o himself_o in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v the_o place_n late_o cite_v viz._n nondum_fw-la tamen_fw-la satis_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quisnam_fw-la sim_fw-la ego_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la jam_fw-la necessariò_fw-la sum_fw-la and_o thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o find_v after_o he_o have_v find_v his_o first_o principle_n what_o ego_fw-la mean_v and_o at_o length_n conciude_n that_o he_o be_v praecisè_fw-la res_fw-la cogitans_fw-la mens_fw-la ratio_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o clear_a and_o distinct_a conception_n of_o himself_o he_o have_v not_o before_o though_o he_o pretend_v he_o know_v his_o first_o principle_n again_o when_o he_o be_v new_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o first_o principle_n he_o be_v put_v to_o know_v nothing_o but_o bare_o that_o nor_o can_v he_o gather_v this_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o himself_o from_o that_o principle_n alone_o while_o it_o be_v yet_o unknown_a it_o be_v worth_a our_o enquiry_n then_o how_o and_o whence_o he_o have_v this_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o himself_o he_o conclude_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n because_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o and_o of_o its_o property_n and_o affection_n be_v clear_o different_a from_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o the_o body_n and_o its_o modification_n by_o which_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o for_o want_v of_o logic_n he_o reflect_v not_o on_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o nature_n and_o the_o suppositum_fw-la which_o have_v the_o nature_n in_o it_o that_o be_v between_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n and_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n for_o if_o he_o do_v he_o will_v have_v see_v that_o from_o the_o have_v different_a nay_o contradictory_n idea_n of_o two_o distinct_a nature_n it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v be_v two_o thing_n mean_v by_o thing_n the_o suppositum_fw-la sure_o he_o have_v a_o vast_o different_a idea_n of_o the_o divine_a and_o human_a nature_n and_o yet_o will_v grant_v that_o they_o be_v both_o in_o one_o suppositum_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o intelligent_a be_v in_o the_o same_o person_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a if_o he_o hold_v the_o incarnation_n he_o must_v renounce_v this_o principle_n of_o he_o that_o whenever_o he_o have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o two_o nature_n there_o must_v be_v two_o individual_a thing_n or_o suppositum_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o chief_a and_o most_o fundamental_a article_n of_o our_o christian_a faith_n that_o there_o be_v in_o christ_n our_o saviour_n but_o one_o hypostasis_fw-la or_o suppositum_fw-la though_o the_o essence_n and_o property_n of_o the_o divine_a and_o humane_a nature_n and_o the_o idea_n as_o he_o call_v it_o of_o they_o do_v still_o keep_v their_o
have_v a_o entitative_a union_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o as_o act_n and_o power_n that_o be_v as_o matter_n and_o form_n which_o be_v the_o potential_a part_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o compound_v one_o ens_fw-la in_o regard_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n actual_o 32._o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o denier_n of_o formal_a mutation_n the_o antiperipatetick_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v perplex_v and_o render_v obscure_a the_o most_o common_a easie_n obvious_a useful_a and_o necessary_a notion_n which_o mankind_n have_v or_o can_v have_v viz._n the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o i_o can_v discern_v that_o they_o make_v their_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v one_o natural_a thing_n unless_o they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o idea_n platonica_fw-la of_o body_n exist_v indeterminate_o or_o in_o common_a for_o they_o put_v the_o form_n of_o it_o to_o be_v extension_n and_o they_o make_v this_o extension_n to_o be_v indeterminate_a that_o be_v not-particular_a that_o be_v to_o be_v extension_n in_o common_a nor_o can_v we_o learn_v of_o they_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v bare_o thus_o extend_v which_o tell_v we_o indeed_o that_o it_o have_v quantity_n but_o give_v we_o no_o light_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n nature_n or_o entity_n that_o be_v they_o never_o explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o man_n live_v can_v conceive_v a_o body_n which_o have_v neither_o figure_n or_o colour_n density_n or_o rarity_n heat_n or_o cold_a hardness_n or_o softness_n in_o it_o but_o mere_o extension_n again_o i_o can_v see_v that_o they_o put_v those_o little_a particle_n make_v by_o motion_n out_o of_o that_o matter_n to_o be_v natural_a thing_n though_o they_o do_v actual_o and_o distinct_o exist_v in_o nature_n because_o they_o make_v they_o 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no_o clear_a light_n what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o thing_n or_o what_o the_o word_n thing_n mean_n as_o for_o our_o four_o element_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v object_v they_o either_o be_v find_v pure_a and_o out_o of_o the_o compound_v and_o then_o have_v a_o actual_a existence_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v true_o thing_n or_o they_o do_v not_o and_o then_o they_o be_v potential_a part_n of_o the_o compound_v in_o which_o they_o be_v which_o and_o only_o which_o exist_v by_o one_o actual_a existence_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o many_o as_o their_o compound_v do_v which_o make_v it_o many_o thing_n at_o least_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o will_v allow_v those_o element_n or_o particle_n to_o be_v 33._o but_o to_o give_v they_o what_o satisfaction_n we_o may_v without_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o withal_o to_o clear_a the_o true_a aristotelian_a doctrine_n from_o the_o prejudices_fw-la take_v from_o the_o bad_a speculation_n of_o those_o schoolman_n who_o make_v accident_n so_o many_o little_a entity_n distinct_a from_o substance_n we_o will_v confess_v that_o many_o of_o those_o form_n we_o call_v quality_n be_v effluium_n or_o particle_n send_v out_o from_o other_o body_n which_o while_o they_o transient_o affect_v that_o body_n on_o which_o they_o light_v they_o retain_v their_o own_o distinct_a entity_n and_o be_v call_v the_o particle_n or_o virtue_n of_o the_o emittent_a body_n affect_v another_o body_n that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o but_o when_o they_o gain_v a_o permanency_n there_o and_o by_o continuity_n of_o quantity_n or_o similitude_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n they_o come_v to_o be_v natural_o unite_v to_o it_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a operation_n they_o lose_v their_o actual_a entity_n and_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v former_o and_o become_v a_o potential_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o and_o exist_v and_o subsist_v in_o it_o and_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o matter_n and_o those_o particle_n advene_v to_o it_o already_o exist_v they_o be_v hence_o call_v accidental_a form_n of_o it_o and_o either_o give_v it_o such_o a_o alterableness_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n as_o be_v see_v in_o passable_a quality_n or_o sometime_o if_o they_o suit_n with_o the_o primogenial_a constitution_n of_o that_o body_n they_o strengthen_v and_o belong_v to_o some_o habit_n disposition_n power_n or_o property_n of_o it_o and_o piece_n out_o as_o it_o be_v those_o quality_n and_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o denominate_v the_o subject_a thus_o or_o thus_o qualify_v 34._o but_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o manifest_a how_o industrious_o the_o cartesian_o do_v wave_v the_o give_v any_o account_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v we_o will_v take_v notice_n of_o one_o prevarication_n of_o they_o more_o which_o do_v evident_o bewray_v at_o what_o a_o plunge_n they_o be_v about_o it_o by_o omit_v that_o consideration_n which_o even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a they_o affirm_v that_o matter_n of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v first_o by_o god_n into_o great_a part_n which_o again_o be_v move_v or_o jumble_v one_o against_o another_o do_v shave_v or_o wear_v off_o every_o small_a particle_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o which_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v division_n then_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a physical_a action_n and_o that_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o frame_v all_o nature_n nay_o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n as_o they_o grant_v there_o be_v not_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o motion_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o upon_o their_o matter_n as_o also_o all_o the_o follow_a motion_n exercise_v upon_o the_o say_a matter_n be_v division_n now_o divisibility_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o proper_a power_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o act_n of_o division_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o motion_n and_o withal_o direct_o speak_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o those_o cause_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v slip_v over_o that_o and_o regard_v only_o the_o extension_n of_o it_o divisibility_n be_v a_o natural_a notion_n and_o import_v a_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n whereas_o extension_n be_v a_o dull_a sluggish_a notion_n and_o mere_o mathematical_a that_o be_v it_o do_v abstract_a from_o action_n and_o motion_n both_o for_o a_o extend_v thing_n be_v never_o the_o more_o or_o less_o extend_v whether_o it_o move_v or_o stand_v still_o but_o its_o whole_a nature_n and_o notion_n be_v take_v up_o in_o affect_v its_o own_o subject_a or_o extend_v it_o equal_o and_o all_o one_o whether_o it_o act_v or_o not_o act_n but_o the_o reason_n 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our_o voluntary_a designation_n that_o such_o motion_n shall_v excite_v such_o idea_n or_o notion_n nor_o as_o be_v confess_v be_v they_o natural_o alike_o wherefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o inexplicable_a how_o they_o shall_v ever_o come_v to_o excite_v such_o particular_a idea_n add_v that_o this_o hide_a virtue_n in_o the_o soul_n to_o make_v such_o a_o particular_a idea_n start_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o motion_n be_v make_v in_o the_o nerve_n be_v both_o say_v gratis_o and_o be_v as_o obscure_a as_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o so_o far_o from_o explicable_a that_o even_o themselves_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v learn_v have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o explain_v it_o but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o part_n take_v up_o gratis_o to_o make_v good_a their_o doctrine_n of_o innate_a idea_n as_o the_o tenet_n of_o such_o idea_n be_v to_o prove_v the_o soul_n be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n last_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o experience_n that_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o that_o impression_n in_o the_o sense_n or_o any_o bodily_a faculty_n be_v show_v to_o be_v inconclusive_a by_o allege_v as_o be_v say_v late_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n find_v in_o those_o emit_v particle_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o find_v in_o the_o soul_n intellectual_o or_o as_o stand_v under_o notion_n be_v the_o selfsame_a and_o not_o so_o unlike_a as_o they_o imagine_v add_v that_o their_o argument_n falter_v in_o this_o too_o that_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o do_v not_o due_o reflect_v when_o they_o advance_v it_o on_o that_o '_o foresay_a axiom_n quicquid_fw-la recipitur_fw-la recipitur_fw-la ad_fw-la modum_fw-la recipientis_fw-la for_o have_v they_o do_v this_o they_o can_v not_o have_v wonder_v that_o a_o affection_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v imprint_v direct_o and_o a_o
affection_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v spiritual_a and_o know_v only_o by_o reflection_n shall_v have_v a_o different_a appearance_n the_o two_o manner_n of_o exist_v with_o which_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v vest_v differ_v toto_fw-la genere_fw-la that_o be_v as_o far_o as_o body_n and_o spirit_n their_o subject_n can_v distance_n they_o to_o explicate_v this_o more_o full_o and_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a idea_n i_o offer_v to_o their_o thought_n this_o reflection_n concern_v the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o a_o phantasm_n which_o be_v a_o corporeal_a resemblance_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v its_o nâ—tion_n express_v by_o a_o definition_n which_o be_v intellectual_a and_o spiritual_a the_o phantasm_n or_o corporeal_a resemblance_n of_o a_o man_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o picture_n of_o a_o thing_n with_o two_o leg_n two_o arm_n such_o a_o face_n with_o a_o head_n place_v upright_o that_o grow_v move_v itself_o etc._n etc._n let_v we_o regard_n next_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o man_n or_o rather_o which_o be_v abate_v the_o expression_n the_o same_o the_o notion_n of_o he_o which_o be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a creature_n and_o we_o shall_v easy_o discern_v of_o how_o different_a a_o shape_n it_o be_v from_o the_o other_o how_o it_o abstract_n from_o many_o corporeal_a quality_n figure_n of_o the_o part_n and_o other_o consideration_n which_o be_v essential_a ingredient_n to_o the_o picture_n or_o phantasm_n and_o not_o at_o all_o essential_a to_o it_o nor_o find_v in_o the_o definition_n and_o how_o some_o consideration_n too_o be_v add_v in_o the_o definition_n or_o imply_v in_o it_o as_o to_z apprehend_v judge_n discourse_n etc._n etc._n which_o no_o more_o belong_v to_o the_o phantasm_n than_o it_o do_v to_o zeuxis_n grape_n to_o have_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o vegetable_a predicate_v of_o they_o in_o a_o word_n one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o portraiture_n outward_o resemble_v the_o other_o speak_v the_o most_o intrinsical_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v the_o one_o signify_v bodily_a part_n belong_v to_o such_o a_o animal_n and_o therefore_o be_v corporeal_a the_o other_o do_v not_o signify_v but_o be_v the_o nature_n signify_v and_o this_o too_o by_o word_n which_o denote_v to_o we_o the_o mind_n or_o mean_v that_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o speaker_n which_o be_v therefore_o spiritual_a at_o least_o in_o part_n whence_o the_o complete_a essence_n of_o man_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v nor_o a_o definition_n of_o it_o frame_v without_o make_v use_n of_o some_o of_o these_o notion_n or_o idea_n which_o be_v make_v by_o our_o understanding_n reflect_v upon_o its_o own_o spiritual_a operation_n lesson_n iii_o how_o these_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v 1._o the_o difference_n that_o divide_v each_o common_a head_n must_v be_v intrinsical_a to_o it_o for_o since_o 5._o we_o can_v discourse_v of_o two_o disparate_a notion_n at_o once_o and_o since_o be_v those_o head_n divide_v by_o difference_n that_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o common_a genus_fw-la or_o take_v from_o another_o head_n each_o species_n of_o it_o will_v consist_v of_o two_o disparate_a notion_n hence_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o science_n that_o the_o difference_n which_o divide_v these_o common_a head_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o no_o other_o common_a head_n but_o be_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o that_o head_n or_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o again_o since_o the_o difference_n be_v most_o formal_a in_o constitute_v the_o species_n and_o the_o genus_fw-la only_o material_a be_v the_o difference_n extrinsical_a or_o borrow_v from_o another_o head_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o species_n of_o the_o head_n divide_v by_o such_o difference_n will_v belong_v to_o another_o head_n viz._n to_o that_o head_n whence_o those_o difference_n be_v take_v which_o will_v put_v all_o our_o notion_n into_o confusion_n and_o involve_v a_o direct_a contradiction_n as_o make_v substance_n to_o be_v quantity_n quality_n etc._n etc._n 2._o intrinsical_a difference_n can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o common_a notion_n for_o since_o be_v intrinsecal_n 1._o they_o can_v be_v take_v from_o any_o other_o head_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v partake_v of_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o their_o own_o respective_a head_n again_o since_o if_o they_o do_v partake_v of_o the_o common_a notion_n equal_o they_o will_v not_o differ_v in_o that_o notion_n and_o so_o will_v not_o be_v difference_n of_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v partake_v of_o it_o unequal_o that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o common_a notion_n 3._o hence_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la thing_n or_o substence_n be_v that_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o existence_n be_v immediate_o intrinsical_o or_o essential_o divide_v into_o what_o be_v more_o and_o less_o capable_a of_o existence_n wherefore_o 4._o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a which_o constitute_v body_n and_o spirit_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o substance_n for_o since_o actual_a division_n of_o the_o entity_n make_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v no_o long_o indivisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v unum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v ens_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o existence_n it_o follow_v that_o that_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v divisible_a or_o body_n be_v less_o capable_a of_o existence_n that_o be_v have_v less_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o substance_n and_o the_o ens_fw-la that_o be_v indivisible_a or_o spirit_n have_v more_o again_o since_o thing_n divisible_a or_o body_n can_v only_o have_v their_o own_o be_v or_o existence_n whereas_o thing_n indivisible_a or_o spirit_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v other_o thing_n also_o or_o of_o have_v in_o they_o the_o nature_n and_o existence_n of_o all_o the_o thing_n they_o know_v hence_o they_o have_v a_o great_a capacity_n of_o existence_n than_o body_n have_v since_o they_o have_v enough_o for_o themselves_o and_o can_v impart_v it_o to_o million_o of_o other_o thing_n beside_o and_o consequent_o body_n and_o spirit_n be_v constitute_v by_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a as_o by_o the_o proper_a immediate_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n that_o divide_v substance_n or_o ens._n 5._o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n that_o be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v not_o those_o of_o be_v quantitative_a and_o not_o quantitative_a for_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o some_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o common_a will_v be_v take_v from_o some_o other_o head_n viz._n that_o of_o quantity_n and_o 1._o so_o the_o difference_n be_v what_o be_v most_o formal_a in_o the_o species_n hence_o those_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la will_v rather_o be_v under_o that_o head_n than_o its_o own_o again_o that_o divisibility_n which_o be_v of_o quantity_n may_v oftentimes_o be_v put_v into_o act_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la remain_v v_o g._n a_o man_n may_v lose_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o arm_n a_o tree_n of_o a_o branch_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o remain_v still_o the_o same_o thing_n whereas_o if_o quantitative_a divisibility_n be_v the_o intrinsecal_n difference_n which_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la quantitative_a division_n must_v by_o consequence_n make_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v that_o ens._n moreover_o since_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v 4._o short_o see_v be_v divisibility_n and_o divisibility_n in_o unity_n in_o case_n quantity_n do_v intrinsical_o divide_v ens_fw-la and_o constitute_v body_n wherever_o there_o be_v quantity_n there_o will_v be_v unity_n under_o that_o notion_n and_o so_o all_o quantitative_a thing_n will_v be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o one_o body_n which_o be_v the_o high_a absurdity_n therefore_o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v not_o those_o of_o be_v quantitative_a and_o not_o quantitative_a 6._o therefore_o the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n which_o divide_v ens_fw-la intrinsical_o must_v be_v the_o divisibility_n and_o indivisibility_n of_o the_o constituent_n of_o ens_fw-la as_o such_o that_o be_v the_o divisibility_n of_o it_o into_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o indivisibility_n of_o it_o into_o such_o constituent_a part_n which_o difference_n do_v essential_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o ens_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o species_n of_o body_n and_o spirit_n for_o since_o we_o see_v body_n change_v into_o one_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o former_a body_n have_v real_o somewhat_o in_o it_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v actual_o what_o it_o be_v which_o we_o call_v the_o form_n and_o somewhat_o by_o which_o it_o can_v be_v another_o which_o we_o call_v the_o power_n to_o be_v another_o or_o matter_n again_o since_o we_o see_v that_o the_o
not_o the_o individual_a 8._o the_o relation_n of_o the_o late_a sort_n become_v mutual_a upon_o another_o score_n viz._n because_o action_n and_o its_o proper_a passion_n correspond_v to_o it_o do_v infer_v one_o another_o for_o nothing_o can_v act_n but_o it_o must_v act_n upon_o something_o that_o receive_v that_o action_n or_o suffer_v by_o it_o nor_o suffer_v or_o be_v act_v upon_o but_o by_o something_o that_o act_v on_o it_o 9_o there_o be_v a_o three_o mix_v sort_n of_o relation_n call_v of_o the_o thing_n measure_v to_o the_o measure_n that_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n relate_v depend_v for_o its_o essence_n or_o its_o perfection_n on_o another_o and_o that_o other_o do_v not_o at_o all_o depend_v for_o either_o on_o it_o for_o example_n when_o a_o picture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o prototype_n it_o depend_v on_o the_o prototype_n for_o its_o perfection_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o it_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v only_o so_o far_o good_a or_o bad_a as_o it_o resemble_v the_o man_n it_o be_v draw_v for_o but_o the_o prototype_n or_o the_o man_n get_v nothing_o nor_o be_v in_o the_o least_o better_a or_o worse_o by_o have_v a_o picture_n draw_v from_o he_o again_o there_o be_v a_o common_a notion_n of_o lineament_n and_o colour_n find_v in_o both_o which_o make_v it_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o relation_n also_o the_o prototype_n by_o imprint_v a_o idea_n of_o itself_o in_o the_o painter_n enable_v he_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o draw_v he_o and_o so_o contribute_v something_o to_o that_o action_n which_o give_v it_o to_o partake_v of_o the_o second_o kind_a so_o that_o this_o kind_a of_o relation_n seem_v to_o be_v mix_v of_o the_o other_o two_o and_o yet_o as_o will_v be_v show_v be_v perfect_o of_o neither_o 10._o this_o kind_n of_o relation_n be_v not_o mutual_a but_o be_v find_v only_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o thing_n measure_v for_o since_o the_o measure_n v._n g._n the_o prototype_n have_v no_o natural_a order_n of_o agency_n or_o patiency_n by_o which_o it_o respect_v the_o picture_n because_o the_o man_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n natural_o ordain_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o painter_n so_o to_o render_v he_o a_o perfect_a efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o picture_n as_o fire_n be_v ordain_v to_o heat_n a_o master_n to_o command_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o a_o true_a unity_n of_o form_n to_o wit_n of_o colour_n and_o figure_n in_o both_o but_o only_o some_o counterfeit_n resemblance_n of_o they_o whence_o we_o can_v without_o speak_v nonsense_n say_v the_o man_n be_v like_o his_o picture_n as_o we_o can_v that_o the_o picture_n be_v like_o the_o man_n or_o that_o two_o white_a wall_n be_v like_o one_o another_o nor_o as_o be_v say_v do_v the_o man_n receive_v any_o degree_n of_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n by_o be_v picture_v it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n or_o reason_n on_o the_o man_n side_n to_o make_v he_o relate_v to_o his_o picture_n wherefore_o he_o have_v no_o real_a relation_n to_o it_o at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o verbal_a one_o consist_v in_o the_o grammatical_a chime_a of_o the_o word_n picture_v to_o â—â—â—ure_n 11._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o relation_n between_o all_o our_o power_n whether_o corporeal_a or_o intellectual_a to_o their_o object_n for_o the_o very_a essence_n and_o nature_n of_o those_o power_n be_v to_o see_v hear_v or_o understand_v the_o object_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o power_n in_o their_o several_a kind_n be_v measure_v and_o rate_v by_o their_o do_v this_o better_a or_o worse_o whereas_o the_o object_n be_v never_o the_o better_o by_o be_v see_v hear_v or_o know_v wherefore_o there_o want_v on_o those_o object_n side_n a_o real_a ground_n and_o therefore_o a_o real_a relation_n to_o our_o power_n however_o the_o word_n seer_n and_o see_v knower_n and_o know_v do_v answer_v one_o another_o as_o if_o they_o be_v proper_a agent_n and_o patient_n and_o order_v mutual_o to_o each_o other_o 12._o of_o this_o sort_n too_o be_v the_o relation_n between_o god_n as_o creator_n and_o his_o creature_n for_o see_v the_o creature_n have_v receive_v all_o it_o have_v or_o can_v have_v from_o its_o creator_n that_o be_v have_v to_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la and_o not_o a_o mere_a nothing_o from_o the_o essential_a idea_n it_o have_v from_o all_o eternity_n in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o be_v put_v afterward_o into_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n and_o be_v conserve_v in_o the_o same_o by_o his_o continual_a influence_n and_o have_v beside_o all_o its_o accidental_a perfection_n and_o convenience_n by_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n lay_v by_o his_o divine_a providence_n all_o which_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o metaphysic_n hence_o there_o be_v all_o the_o ground_n imaginable_a of_o a_o real_a relation_n on_o the_o creature_n be_v part_n towards_o god._n on_o the_o other_o side_n since_o god_n gain_v no_o kind_n of_o perfection_n by_o make_v creature_n nor_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a in_o the_o least_o by_o his_o create_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o of_o a_o real_a relation_n on_o god_n side_n to_o the_o creature_n but_o only_o a_o verbal_a sound_n of_o creator_n answer_v grammatical_o to_o creature_n as_o creature_n do_v to_o creator_n so_o important_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v in_o philosophy_n not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o articulate_v air_n or_o mere_a character_n but_o to_o look_v deep_o and_o attentive_o into_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o to_o guide_v our_o thought_n by_o what_o we_o find_v there_o lest_o we_o come_v to_o frame_v mock-notion_n out_o of_o our_o fancy_n which_o nature_n never_o give_v we_o corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o a_o pact_n or_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o creature_n that_o upon_o their_o behave_v themselves_o thus_o and_o thus_o he_o enter_v a_o obligation_n of_o do_v thus_o or_o thus_o towards_o they_o the_o which_o do_v consequent_o put_v god_n and_o the_o creature_n upon_o the_o same_o rank_n of_o agency_n and_o patiency_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o such_o expression_n be_v pure_o metaphorical_a and_o far_o from_o proper_a or_o literal_o true_a but_o be_v speak_v humano_fw-la more_fw-it or_o in_o accommodation_n to_o our_o human_a action_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o on_o god_n side_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n carry_v on_o supernatural_a good_a disposition_n to_o conformable_a effect_n as_o he_o do_v natural_a disposition_n to_o effect_n suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o rectitude_n of_o his_o will_n be_v essential_a to_o he_o and_o consequent_o independent_a on_o creature_n or_o their_o action_n have_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o such_o covenant_n or_o no._n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v proportionable_o of_o god_n promise_v threaten_v command_v require_v satisfaction_n accept_n the_o payment_n of_o it_o and_o suchlike_a which_o though_o metaphorical_a be_v notwithstanding_o true_a amount_v to_o the_o same_o and_o induce_v the_o same_o effect_n though_o in_o a_o more_o sovereign_a way_n and_o more_o become_v god_n infinite_a majesty_n than_o the_o gross_a capacity_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n for_o who_o sake_n those_o low_a conception_n and_o expression_n be_v use_v can_v apprehend_v 13._o there_o be_v yet_o another_o sort_n of_o mutual_a relation_n which_o be_v partly_o artificial_a partly_o natural_a such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n antecedent_n and_o consequent_a subject_a and_o predicate_v premise_n and_o conclusion_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v partly_o natural_a in_o regard_n our_o understanding_n have_v its_o distinct_a nature_n or_o notion_n as_o well_o as_o whiteness_n action_n or_o any_o other_o ground_n of_o relation_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o and_o these_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o object_n exist_v in_o our_o understanding_n where_o they_o be_v as_o true_o universal_a and_o particular_a subject_a and_o predicate_v etc._n etc._n as_o the_o wall_n be_v white_a or_o the_o quantity_n a_o yard_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o be_v also_o partly_o artificial_a because_o artist_n in_o logic_n who_o reflect_v on_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n do_v make_v use_n of_o such_o to_o clear_v their_o notion_n predicate_v they_o of_o one_o another_o and_o discourse_n of_o they_o exact_o 14._o wherefore_o those_o logician_n who_o call_v they_o relationes_fw-la rationis_fw-la mean_v to_o oppose_v they_o by_o that_o expression_n to_o real_a relation_n seem_v to_o forget_v that_o the_o 6._o understanding_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o work_v be_v real_a whereas_o they_o have_v more_o of_o entity_n and_o consequent_o of_o reality_n in_o they_o than_o body_n and_o their_o power_n or_o
the_o same_o ens_fw-la where_o they_o be_v entitative_o connect_v or_o the_o same_o material_o before_o they_o be_v see_v or_o judge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o our_o understanding_n 11._o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o two_o term_n be_v material_o the_o same_o or_o identify_v with_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la when_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o concrete_a whether_o it_o be_v substantial_o a_o concrete_a that_o be_v consist_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o the_o suppositum_fw-la as_o when_o we_o say_v petrus_n or_o homo_fw-la be_v animal_n or_o accidental_o as_o when_o we_o say_v album_fw-la est_fw-la dulce_fw-la but_o in_o abstract_a notion_n they_o must_v beside_o this_o be_v moreover_o the_o same_o essential_o or_o formal_o that_o be_v they_o must_v not_o only_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o material_a ens_fw-la or_o thing_n but_o those_o very_a notion_n themselves_o must_v have_v the_o same_o formality_n either_o in_o part_n or_o in_o whole_a in_o our_o understanding_n in_o whole_a as_o when_o we_o say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la petreitas_fw-la quantitas_fw-la est_fw-la divisibilitas_fw-la in_o part_n as_o when_o we_o say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la humanitas_fw-la or_o animalitas_fw-la for_o than_o humanitas_fw-la and_o animalitas_fw-la be_v as_o essential_a to_o petreitas_fw-la and_o petreitas_fw-la as_o much_o include_v and_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o their_o notion_n and_o of_o its_o own_o differnce_n beside_o as_o petrus_n do_v or_o be_v of_o the_o notion_n of_o homo_fw-la or_o animal_n 12._o a_o abstract_n and_o a_o concrete_a term_n can_v never_o be_v subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o the_o same_o proposition_n though_o never_o so_o essential_a to_o one_o another_o for_o a_o abstract_a notion_n out_o of_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o its_o abstraction_n be_v formal_o a_o part_n and_o a_o concrete_a notion_n in_o respect_n to_o it_o a_o whole_a and_o a_o part_n though_o take_v material_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o it_o yet_o take_v formal_o it_o can_v for_o then_o a_o whole_a will_v be_v formal_o a_o part_n and_o a_o part_n formal_o a_o whole_a hence_o we_o can_v say_v petreitas_fw-la est_fw-la petrus_n or_o petrus_n est_fw-la petreitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n hence_o also_o this_o proposition_n quantitas_fw-la est_fw-la quanta_fw-la and_o such_o like_a be_v false_a for_o quanta_fw-la be_v a_o concrete_a signify_v the_o subject_n which_o have_v quantity_n in_o it_o and_o it_o be_v false_a to_o say_v that_o quantity_n alone_o be_v quantity_n and_o its_o subject_a too_o 13._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o there_o may_v be_v diverse_a manner_n of_o predicate_v or_o refer_v one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o they_o be_v reckon_v by_o porphyrius_n to_o be_v five_o call_v by_o the_o school_n predicable_n that_o be_v several_a manner_n how_o one_o notion_n may_v be_v predicate_v of_o another_o who_o pardon_n we_o must_v beg_v if_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n which_o we_o judge_v evident_a and_o not_o the_o track_n beat_v by_o other_o we_o dissent_v from_o they_o and_o assign_v six_o the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o whole_a notion_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o whole_a as_o when_o we_o say_v quantity_n be_v divisibility_n a._n whole_a consist_v of_o all_o its_o part_n or_o when_o we_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o â—he_n notion_n defiâ—ed_v as_o man_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n or_o all_o the_o divide_v member_n of_o the_o notion_n divide_v and_o this_o manner_n we_o call_v entire_o identical_a that_o be_v the_o predicate_a of_o the_o same_o whole_a notion_n whole_o of_o itself_o in_o the_o rest_n â—_o part_n only_o be_v predicate_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o then_o â—he_v predicate_v be_v either_o essential_a to_o the_o subject_a or_o â—ot_n if_o essential_a than_o it_o either_o predicate_v that_o part_n of_o his_o nature_n which_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o mankind_n not_o reach_v to_o inferior_a difference_n be_v immediate_o superior_a to_o it_o and_o be_v think_v to_o denote_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o then_o it_o be_v call_v a_o species_n as_o petrus_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la or_o but_o some_o lesser_a part_n of_o its_o essence_n as_o petrus_n â—st_v animal_n vivens_fw-la or_o substantia_fw-la which_o be_v call_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o generical_a notion_n and_o both_o these_o as_o also_o the_o first_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v in_o quid_fw-la because_o they_o be_v essential_a predicate_v and_o answer_v different_o though_o imperfect_o and_o but_o in_o part_n to_o the_o question_n make_v by_o quid._n as_o ask_v quid_fw-la est_fw-la petrus_n we_o answer_v apposite_o homo_fw-la animal_n vivens_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o else_o the_o predicate_a be_v that_o compart_n which_o distinguish_v the_o genus_fw-la essential_o from_o other_o of_o the_o same_o common_a kind_n and_o constitute_v it_o in_o a_o inferior_a class_n under_o the_o common_a notion_n and_o be_v therefore_o refer_v to_o what_o it_o thus_o constitute_v as_o its_o essential_a difference_n as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la rationalis_fw-la and_o this_o suppose_v the_o question_n make_v by_o quid_fw-la or_o what_o thing_n and_o answer_n to_o a_o further_a question_n what_o kind_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v not_o mere_o in_o quale_fw-la for_o than_o it_o may_v have_v be_v a_o mere_a quality_n and_o not_o essential_a but_o in_o quale_n quid_fw-la as_o both_o give_a account_n of_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o also_o of_o its_o belong_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o if_o the_o predicate_v be_v not_o essential_a than_o either_o one_o notion_n be_v refer_v to_o another_o and_o predicate_v of_o it_o not_o as_o any_o part_n of_o its_o essence_n but_o yet_o as_o more_o or_o less_o connect_v with_o it_o as_o a_o effect_n or_o sign_n of_o it_o as_o capable_a of_o admire_v or_o the_o be_v affect_v with_o music_n proportion_n or_o beauty_n be_v connect_v with_o rational_a nature_n or_o man_n and_o refer_v to_o he_o according_o that_o be_v predicate_v of_o he_o as_o a_o property_n thus_o combustive_a or_o rarefactive_a be_v connect_v with_o fire_n opacous_a with_o earth_n and_o refer_v to_o those_o subject_n or_o predicate_v of_o they_o as_o property_n or_o last_o the_o predicate_a be_v comâ—pared_v or_o refer_v to_o the_o subject_a as_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o at_o least_o know_v connexion_n with_o the_o essence_n but_o mere_o casual_o belong_v to_o it_o or_o as_o indifferent_a to_o the_o essence_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o it_o or_o no._n as_o arm_a place_v situate_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o maâ—_n or_o body_n and_o then_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v as_o a_o accident_n that_o be_v as_o affect_v he_o only_o casual_o and_o accidental_o note_v 1_o that_o in_o this_o last_o predicable_a only_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v predicate_v or_o compare_v to_o the_o subject_n be_v consider_v and_o not_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o be_v predicate_v nor_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o substantial_a notion_n or_o whether_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o some_o one_o of_o the_o other_o 〈◊〉_d accident_n so_o it_o be_v but_o casual_o or_o accidental_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_a or_o refer_v to_o it_o for_o wooden_a golden_a and_o earthen_a be_v all_o predicate_v as_o accident_n or_o accidental_o of_o cup_n for_o it_o be_v still_o equal_o a_o cup_n whether_o it_o be_v make_v of_o any_o of_o those_o or_o of_o any_o other_o matter_n though_o wood_n gold_n and_o earth_n be_v substantial_a notion_n whence_o the_o word_n accident_n do_v not_o here_o signify_v what_o inhere_n in_o the_o substance_n as_o it_o do_v in_o those_o predicamental_a accident_n which_o be_v intrinsical_v one_o but_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o a_o subject_a by_o chance_n or_o casuality_n so_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v preserve_v entire_a whether_o it_o have_v it_o or_o have_v it_o not_o note_v 2._o that_o since_o it_o be_v clear_o the_o intention_n of_o he_o who_o invent_v these_o predicable_n and_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o and_o use_v they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n how_o notion_n can_v be_v predicate_v of_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o be_v predicate_v as_o a_o whole_a of_o the_o whole_a be_v most_o evident_o one_o manner_n of_o predicate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o five_o they_o assign_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o their_o account_n of_o the_o predicable_n be_v defective_a and_o our_o supply_v it_o rational_a and_o necessary_a add_v that_o they_o omit_v that_o predicable_a or_o manner_n of_o predicate_v which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o most_o useful_a at_o least_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o first_o in_o dignity_n all_o the_o first_o principle_n have_v as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o this_o manner_n of_o predication_n and_o consequent_o have_v title_n to_o belong_v to_o
we_o can_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o false_a judgement_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o avoid_v they_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o we_o settle_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a one_o hence_o that_o which_o concern_v we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o true_a judgement_n or_o truth_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o those_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n which_o we_o call_v first_o principles_n again_o since_o alâ—_n proposition_n be_v either_o evident_a or_o inevident_a and_o inevident_a or_o obscure_a one_o can_v avail_v we_o in_o our_o quest_n of_o science_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o evident_a proposition_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o or_o make_v use_n of_o by_o those_o who_o aim_v at_o scientifical_a knowledge_n wherefore_o since_o all_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v evident_a must_v either_o be_v self-evident_a or_o make_v evident_a which_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o proof_n and_o these_o latter_a must_v depend_v on_o the_o former_a for_o their_o eviâ—dence_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o all_o first_o principle_n as_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n must_v be_v self-evident_a proposition_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a term_n for_o be_v the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o before_o they_o out_o of_o whicâ—_n they_o may_v be_v deduce_v or_o make_v evident_a or_o into_o which_o their_o evidence_n if_o lesser_a may_v be_v resolve_v wherefore_o they_o must_v either_o not_o be_v evident_a at_o all_o which_o will_v destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o any_o evidence_n or_o they_o must_v be_v self-evident_a 3._o our_o knowledge_n may_v either_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o order_n by_o which_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o we_o at_o first_o or_o according_a to_o the_o dependence_n of_o one_o truth_n on_o another_o and_o the_o resolve_v they_o final_o into_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v the_o way_n that_o nature_n take_v to_o instill_v useful_a knowledge_n into_o we_o when_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v nothing_o the_o late_a be_v the_o method_n which_o art_n make_v use_v of_o to_o polish_v and_o promote_v those_o rude_a and_o short_a knowledge_n have_v from_o nature_n then_o to_o link_v many_o of_o those_o knowledge_n together_o and_o last_o to_o render_v they_o exact_a and_o evident_a by_o resolve_v they_o into_o first_o or_o self-evident_a principle_n to_o do_v which_o we_o call_v to_o beget_v science_n or_o to_o frame_v a_o science_n of_o they_o the_o former_a come_v by_o experience_n unreflect_o the_o late_a be_v attain_v by_o study_n and_o reflection_n and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o late_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o its_o first_o principle_n we_o intend_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o and_o the_o next_o lesson_n reserve_v the_o former_a consideration_n of_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n knowledge_n be_v first_o generate_v till_o lesson_n iu._n 4._o the_o self-evidence_n belong_v to_o first_o principle_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o two_o term_n must_v be_v formal_o identical_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o the_o term_n in_o every_o ordinary_a and_o inferior_a proposition_n nay_o in_o every_o conclusion_n that_o be_v true_a must_v be_v material_o the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o proposition_n itself_o material_o identical_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o they_o as_o be_v self-evident_a must_v be_v formal_o identical_a 5._o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n must_v noâ—_n only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n or_o be_v the_o same_o formal_a notion_n but_o it_o be_v moreover_o most_o convenient_a that_o they_o be_v such_o in_o the_o expression_n also_o thâ—â—_n be_v it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o those_o proposition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o word_n take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o since_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o the_o most_o clear_o expressive_a oâ—_n truth_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o least_o mistake_n and_o word_n be_v subject_a to_o equivocation_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v mistake_n obscurity_n and_o error_n hence_o first_o principle_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n as_o when_o we_o say_v hoâ—â—_n est_fw-la animal_n rationale_n but_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o in_o expression_n too_o as_o homâ—_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la sibi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o then_o whatever_o distinction_n in_o case_n of_o ambiguity_n affect_v the_o predicate_v must_v also_o affect_v the_o subject_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v not_o only_o remain_v still_o most_o formal_o but_o also_o most_o evident_o iâ—_n every_o regard_n identical_a note_v that_o though_o this_o be_v most_o convenient_a yet_o it_o may_v suffice_v that_o the_o term_n when_o explicate_v be_v reducible_a to_o the_o same_o formal_a expression_n by_o the_o same_o word_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o whole_o be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n for_n a_o whole_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o part_n and_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v hence_o a_o whole_a be_v all_o its_o part_n that_o be_v be_v one_o part_n and_o more_o than_o one_o part_n whence_o the_o proportion_n be_v reducible_a to_o this_o what_o be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n which_o be_v not_o only_o most_o formal_o but_o beside_o most_o evident_o identical_a 6._o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o itself_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a â—or_a if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n self_n which_o be_v soyn_v with_o existence_n be_v but_o understand_v and_o that_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o word_n to_o existence_n be_v not_o mean_v â—o_o signify_v any_o the_o least_o composition_n in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o â—imple_a and_o most_o uncompounded_a actuality_n that_o can_v â—e_v imagine_v then_o the_o same_o formality_n in_o every_o respect_n be_v predicate_v entire_o of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o most_o perfect_o self-evident_a and_o it_o be_v most_o supreme_o such_o because_o it_o express_v the_o existence_n of_o â—he_n deity_n which_o be_v infinite_o more_o simple_a and_o more_o necessary_o itself_o then_o any_o create_a existence_n can_v be_v again_o since_o every_o thing_n the_o more_o potential_a it_o be_v be_v more_o confuse_a that_o be_v less_o distinct_a and_o less_o intelligible_a and_o the_o more_o actual_a it_o be_v the_o more_o intelligible_a and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o â—s_v mean_v by_o self-existence_n be_v a_o most_o infinite_o pure_a actuality_n it_o follow_v that_o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o its_o self_n the_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v 7._o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v the_o most_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v take_v from_o create_a thing_n for_o since_o existence_n be_v the_o most_o evident_a notion_n that_o can_v be_v find_v among_o all_o our_o notion_n that_o can_v be_v have_v from_o creature_n that_o proposition_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o consequent_o among_o self-evident_a one_o the_o most_o self-evident_a in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la but_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v too_o be_v existence_n again_o since_o the_o clearness_n of_o all_o truth_n whatever_o depend_v on_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o word_n be_v it_o follow_v that_o unless_o the_o nature_n or_o notion_n of_o existence_n be_v first_o immovable_o fix_v or_o establish_v to_o be_v coherent_a with_o its_o self_n that_o be_v unless_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v self-evident_a no_o proposition_n whatever_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a clear_a or_o coherent_a and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o possibility_n of_o any_o truth_n certainty_n or_o evidence_n in_o the_o world_n last_o since_o both_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o the_o essence_n which_o be_v only_a capacity_n of_o be_v belong_v to_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v limit_v or_o apt_a to_o be_v create_v that_o be_v belong_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v only_o potential_a as_o to_o be_v they_o can_v have_v no_o claim_n thence_o to_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o free_a gift_n of_o he_o who_o be_v essential_a be_v hence_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o creature_n and_o their_o be_v such_o be_v take_v pure_o from_o god_n side_n and_o hold_v entire_o of_o he_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o
but_o must_v be_v make_v so_o by_o proof_n yet_o since_o all_o deduction_n or_o proof_n be_v make_v by_o connexion_n of_o notion_n and_o those_o notion_n or_o what_o correspond_v to_o they_o must_v be_v connect_v in_o the_o thing_n ere_o they_o can_v be_v so_o in_o our_o understanding_n and_o property_n be_v more_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o essence_n than_o other_o accident_n as_o result_v necessary_o from_o it_o or_o be_v immediate_o connect_v with_o it_o hence_o they_o be_v by_o consequence_n most_o easy_o provable_a to_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o demonstration_n 14._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v all_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n and_o more_o immediate_o the_o power_n or_o virtue_n by_o which_o they_o act_n on_o other_o or_o suffer_v from_o other_o as_o will_v be_v see_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o demonstration_n 15._o proposition_n who_o predicate_v belong_v to_o the_o last_o predicable_a be_v utter_o inevident_a and_o as_o such_o not_o easy_o evidenceable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v 13._o above_o such_o predicate_v do_v belong_v to_o the_o subject_a but_o by_o chance_n or_o as_o their_o very_a name_n import_v by_o accident_n and_o chance_n signify_v a_o cause_n which_o we_o do_v not_o see_v or_o know_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o connexion_n of_o such_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_n can_v never_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n or_o prove_v that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o it_o because_o we_o can_v never_o know_v alâ—_n the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o make_v they_o belong_v to_o it_o wherefore_o such_o proposition_n be_v utter_o inevident_a nor_o as_o they_o be_v accident_n or_o unconnect_v with_o the_o essence_n easy_o evidenceable_a by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o they_o however_o they_o may_v be_v know_v to_o belong_v actual_o to_o they_o hic_fw-mi &_o nunc_fw-la by_o sense_n or_o experience_n such_o predicate_v be_v most_o those_o of_o the_o six_o last_o predicament_n and_o many_o quantity_n quality_n and_o relation_n 16._o notwithstanding_o those_o proposition_n which_o have_v such_o accidental_a predicate_v be_v all_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o they_o hap_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_a perfect_o know_v may_v be_v perfect_o evident_a and_o demonstrable_a for_o as_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v one_o effect_n that_o need_v but_o one_o cause_n to_o put_v it_o from_o that_o single_a cause_n so_o do_v we_o know_v all_o the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o any_o effect_n which_o be_v bring_v about_o by_o many_o cause_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v and_o know_v such_o a_o effect_n will_v follow_v in_o which_o case_n the_o predicate_a will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o accident_n but_o the_o proper_a effect_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la of_o cause_n nor_o will_v the_o proposition_n itself_o be_v any_o long_a mere_o accidental_a corol._n vi_o hence_o there_o be_v nothing_o contingent_a or_o accidental_a to_o god_n but_o all_o event_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n or_o so_o odd_a be_v equal_o certain_a to_o he_o as_o the_o most_o immediate_a effect_n of_o the_o most_o proper_a and_o most_o necessary_a cause_n because_o he_o lay_v and_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a series_n of_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o bring_v about_o every_o least_o effect_n lesson_n iv._o of_o the_o generate_a of_o knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o of_o the_o method_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v hitherto_o of_o knowledge_n or_o judgement_n according_a to_o their_o dependence_n on_o one_o another_o and_o their_o be_v resolve_v artificial_o into_o first_o principle_n our_o next_o task_n be_v to_o consider_v they_o according_a to_o the_o order_n they_o be_v instill_a into_o we_o natural_o 1._o the_o soul_n or_o the_o understanding_n be_v at_o first_o void_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n or_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la for_o since_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a nor_o act_n needless_o he_o put_v no_o effect_n immediate_o or_o without_o second_o cause_n when_o there_o be_v cause_n lay_v by_o he_o to_o produce_v they_o and_o since_o we_o experience_v that_o cause_n be_v lay_v by_o he_o apt_a to_o imprint_v notion_n in_o we_o and_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n be_v evident_o comparative_a we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v see_v how_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v which_o be_v to_o know_v hence_o in_o case_n the_o soul_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o knowledge_n infuse_v into_o she_o otherwise_o than_o by_o those_o cause_n it_o will_v frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a that_o course_n of_o natural_a agent_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o make_v nature_n contradict_v herself_o again_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o know_v no_o more_o than_o we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o that_o we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v know_v all_o thing_n we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o do_v thus_o right_o compare_v and_o that_o both_o those_o effect_n do_v follow_v natural_o from_o the_o impression_n of_o object_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o absurdity_n to_o affirm_v that_o those_o cause_n do_v only_o excite_v and_o not_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o last_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n suppose_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la before_o the_o body_n or_o at_o least_o distinct_a from_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v both_o unconceivable_a and_o inexplicable_a how_o they_o can_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v unite_v so_o as_o to_o compound_v one_o ens._n for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v quantitative_o as_o be_v evident_a nor_o by_o their_o act_v together_o as_o the_o cartesian_o hold_v both_o because_o all_o action_n presuppose_v the_o be_v of_o a_o thing_n whence_o they_o must_v be_v one_o ens_fw-la before_o they_o can_v act_n as_o one_o ens_fw-la as_o also_o because_o the_o line_n or_o predicament_n of_o action_n be_v 18._o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la and_o extrinsical_a to_o it_o and_o so_o can_v 1._o intrinsical_o constitute_v those_o joynt-acter_n one_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o body_n if_o it_o be_v not_o one_o ens_fw-la with_o the_o soul_n can_v act_v with_o it_o otherwise_o than_o as_o its_o instrument_n and_o it_o will_v be_v most_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o my_o hand_n and_o pen_n be_v oâ—e_a thing_n because_o they_o joint_o concur_v in_o their_o different_a way_n to_o the_o action_n of_o write_v wherefore_o the_o soul_n have_v no_o antecedent_n knowledge_n but_o be_v a_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la capable_a to_o receive_v such_o impression_n as_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o she_o 2._o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v that_o its_o self_n or_o the_o man_n exist_v for_o since_o as_o 16._o be_v show_v the_o first_o notion_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v of_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o of_o his_o existence_n and_o 10._o all_o judgement_n be_v make_v by_o compound_v or_o compare_v of_o notion_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o most_o obvious_a most_o easy_a most_o natural_a and_o consequent_o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o priority_n of_o nature_n that_o a_o man_n have_v when_o he_o be_v ripe_a to_o judge_v be_v that_o himself_o be_v or_o i_o be_o 3._o the_o next_o judgement_n be_v that_o he_o be_v strike_v or_o affect_v by_o some_o object_n without_o he_o for_o since_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v motion_n and_o therefore_o object_n be_v continual_o move_v where_o the_o man_n be_v and_o so_o do_v light_n and_o act_n on_o his_o sense_n that_o be_v do_v work_v experimental_a knowledge_n in_o he_o that_o he_o be_v act_v upon_o or_o strike_v by_o they_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o must_v after_o he_o come_v to_o frame_v judgement_n necessary_o and_o frequent_o know_v and_o consequent_o judge_v he_o be_v strike_v nor_o can_v this_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n both_o for_o the_o reason_n late_o give_v sect._n 2._o as_o also_o because_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o be_o strike_v the_o proposition_n i_o be_o be_v most_o simple_a and_o manifest_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v the_o notion_n of_o strike_v be_v clear_o superad_v to_o it_o 4._o the_o next_o knowledge_n or_o next_o judgement_n to_o the_o former_a in_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o or_o affect_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o i_o be_o strike_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o so_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o which_o superadd_n to_o it_o whence_o this_o proposition_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o three_o section_n 5._o these_o judgement_n have_v we_o be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o for_o since_o we_o get_v all_o our_o notion_n
or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n into_o we_o by_o impression_n from_o object_n and_o by_o such_o impression_n or_o by_o their_o affect_v we_o thus_o or_o thus_o their_o different_a nature_n that_o be_v knowledge_n how_o those_o thing_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o and_o difference_n do_v constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o from_o the_o judgement_n or_o knowledge_n that_o we_o be_v strike_v thus_o and_o thus_o by_o these_o and_o these_o object_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o and_o of_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o our_o soul_n have_v the_o power_n of_o compare_v they_o to_o themselves_o and_o to_o other_o nature_n that_o be_v also_o in_o she_o we_o hence_o become_v capable_a of_o frame_v innumerable_a judgement_n concern_v they_o or_o knowledge_n of_o they_o 6._o these_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v gain_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n by_o the_o different_a impression_n of_o object_n be_v make_v more_o express_a and_o improve_v very_o much_o by_o study_n and_o reflection_n for_o since_o study_v and_o reflection_n be_v not_o the_o invent_v new_a or_o counterfeit_n notion_n or_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o coin_v but_o the_o receive_v frequent_o and_o mind_v heedful_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o nature_n have_v imprint_v there_o before_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o corporeal_a sight_n by_o our_o regard_v the_o object_n frequent_o wist_o and_o attentive_o we_o come_v to_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o in_o it_o so_o by_o often_o reflect_v on_o and_o revolve_v intellectual_a object_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o we_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n must_v needs_o look_v deep_o into_o they_o make_v new_a discovery_n of_o diverse_a consideration_n in_o they_o which_o escape_v a_o single_a cursory_a view_n and_o gain_v more_o exact_a and_o more_o penetrative_a knowledge_n of_o they_o 7._o by_o method_n of_o discourse_v or_o ratiocination_n make_v evident_a by_o maxim_n of_o art_n this_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v not_o vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la may_v come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a for_o all_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o evident_a connexion_n of_o term_n both_o in_o some_o proposition_n which_o be_v truth_n and_o the_o deduce_v other_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o they_o and_o so_o forward_o since_o than_o there_o be_v no_o stint_n assignable_a of_o the_o connexion_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o there_o be_v rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o art_n to_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o connect_v term_n apt_o and_o evident_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o bound_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n 8._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a truth_n whence_o all_o our_o science_n be_v generate_v for_o since_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la if_o put_v entire_o or_o explicit_o as_o it_o ought_v be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v antecedent_n to_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o more_o simple_a than_o it_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v know_v the_o other_o can_v possible_o be_v know_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o cogito_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a proposition_n or_o first_o truth_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v in_o the_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n 9_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o many_o other_o proposition_n that_o have_v for_o their_o predicate_a notion_n direct_o imprint_v on_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v i_o be_o heat_v hurt_v extend_v move_a etc._n etc._n for_o since_o all_o our_o first-known_a notion_n the_o soul_n be_v rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la come_v by_o impression_n of_o object_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o proposition_n be_v most_o clear_a who_o predicate_v be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o those_o impression_n and_o join_v with_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n do_v compound_v those_o proposition_n but_o such_o be_v the_o predicate_v abovesaid_a and_o not_o the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la therefore_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o be_v the_o proposition_n which_o have_v those_o direct_o imprint_v notion_n for_o their_o predicate_v that_o the_o other_o predicate_v be_v notion_n more_o know_v than_o be_v cogitans_fw-la i_o prove_v thus_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v spiritual_a and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v imprint_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o a_o direct_a stroke_n of_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v the_o other_o but_o must_v be_v know_v by_o reflection_n but_o what_o be_v know_v by_o reflection_n be_v less_o easy_o and_o less_o early_o know_v that_o be_v less_o evident_a to_o we_o take_v we_o as_o not_o yet_o imbue_v with_o other_o knowledge_n than_o that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n or_o direct_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o know_v than_o be_v those_o other_o predicate_v and_o consequent_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la extensus_fw-la vulneratus_fw-la movens_fw-la etc._n etc._n again_o be_v the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la know_v experimental_o or_o by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o imagination_n the_o most_o fallacious_a faculty_n we_o have_v cooperate_a with_o the_o understanding_n nay_o be_v it_o a_o affection_n of_o the_o man_n and_o its_o notion_n direct_o imprint_v in_o he_o and_o so_o as_o easy_o and_o early_o know_v as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v not_o be_v the_o first_o or_o second_o in_o the_o order_n of_o knowable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v i_o be_o strike_v or_o affect_a antecede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o have_v such_o a_o affection_n in_o i_o and_o cogitans_fw-la be_v not_o bare_o to_o be_v affect_v by_o object_n but_o to_o have_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o affection_n hence_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o affect_v by_o object_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n precede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o i_o be_o think_v and_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o it_o 11._o hence_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v also_o less_o certain_a than_o multitude_n of_o other_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v experimental_o know_v by_o direct_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n for_o certainty_n follow_v evidence_n as_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o judge_v do_v know_v wherefore_o if_o that_o proposition_n be_v less_o evident_a it_o be_v also_o less_o certain_a 12._o if_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o way_n of_o evident_a proof_n that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v the_o most_o absolute_o firm_a ground_n we_o can_v rely_v on_o to_o generate_v and_o principiate_v all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n because_o though_o we_o will_v voluntary_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n and_o call_v they_o into_o doubt_n that_o be_v be_v all_o the_o rest_n uncertain_a and_o myself_o insecure_a whether_o i_o think_v true_a or_o false_a in_o hold_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v unquestionable_o certain_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o but_o that_o whether_o i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n still_o i_o think_v whence_o follow_v that_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v a_o firm_a basis_n to_o ground_n all_o the_o rest_n upon_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o whole_a discourse_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o paralogism_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v than_o that_o i_o think_v wrong_a or_o right_n for_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o antecede_v and_o be_v presuppose_v to_o the_o proposition_n i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n or_o thus_o and_o thus_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a and_o more_o certain_a than_o these_o be_v but_o the_o true_a point_n be_v whether_o i_o be_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v at_o all_o than_o that_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o i_o be_o since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o presuppose_v that_o i_o be_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v certain_a that_o i_o be_o think_v or_o any_o thing_n like_o
all_o the_o material_n as_o it_o be_v that_o be_v requisite_a to_o science_n nor_o while_o they_o attend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n can_v they_o want_v first_o principle_n by_o which_o to_o guide_v their_o thought_n so_o that_o they_o only_o want_v maxim_n of_o art_n to_o put_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o posture_n of_o science_n to_o make_v they_o more_o firm_a distinct_a and_o express_a and_o to_o improve_v they_o by_o draw_v new_a consequence_n from_o they_o wherefore_o such_o acute_a man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v find_v in_o every_o country_n and_o every_o age_n by_o have_v their_o knowledge_n ground_v on_o solid_a nature_n may_v far_o exceed_v hypothetical_n philosopher_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o beforementioned_a in_o true_a knowledge_n and_o so_o come_v near_o the_o be_v true_a philosopher_n than_o any_o of_o they_o nay_o than_o great_a artist_n and_o repute_a scholar_n though_o they_o caper_v in_o the_o air_n never_o so_o nimble_o and_o quaint_o with_o school-term_n distinction_n and_o witty_a and_o congruous_a explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v with_o and_o build_v upon_o good_a honest_a solid_a nature_n book_n iii_o of_o the_o three_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n discourse_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o defect_n of_o it_o lesson_n i._o of_o artificial_a discourse_n the_o force_n of_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o only_a right_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n 1._o discourse_n may_v either_o mean_v common_a reason_v use_v by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o ordinary_a conversation_n or_o by_o some_o in_o rhetorical_a speech_n which_o may_v fit_o be_v call_v loose_a discourse_n or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v which_o consist_v in_o such_o a_o connexion_n of_o term_n in_o two_o proposition_n call_v the_o major_a and_o minor_n or_o the_o premise_n as_o that_o a_o three_o proposition_n call_v the_o conclusion_n must_v natural_o and_o necessary_o follow_v from_o they_o which_o may_v be_v proper_o name_v contract_v or_o strict_a discourse_n and_o by_o logician_n be_v call_v a_o syllogism_n 2._o this_o follow_v or_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o proposition_n out_o of_o two_o other_o be_v call_v inference_n deduction_n conclude_v argumentation_n and_o prove_v so_o that_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v as_o formal_o in_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o proposition_n which_o be_v conclude_v from_o the_o premise_n express_v by_o the_o illative_a particle_n ergo_fw-la as_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o proposition_n do_v in_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o connect_v its_o term_n and_o predicate_v or_o say_v something_o of_o another_o 3._o wherefore_o since_o if_o the_o consequence_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o essence_n and_o all_o the_o force_n and_o nerve_n of_o discourse_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o need_v to_o be_v make_v know_v or_o conclude_v and_o so_o our_o faculty_n of_o exact_a reason_v will_v have_v be_v give_v we_o to_o no_o purpose_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o however_o one_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v know_v by_o other_o that_o be_v connect_v and_o consequential_a to_o one_o another_o yet_o the_o consequence_n itself_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v clear_a by_o another_o consequence_n for_o the_o question_n will_v still_o return_v how_o and_o in_o virtue_n of_o what_o that_o consequence_n which_o make_v the_o other_o evident_a be_v evident_a itself_o and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o evidence_n of_o all_o consequence_n whatever_o must_v be_v build_v on_o something_o in_o a_o high_a manner_n evident_a than_o any_o consequence_n or_o proof_n can_v make_v it_o that_o be_v on_o a_o self-evident_a or_o identical_a proposition_n as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o 4._o hence_o we_o may_v gather_v manifest_o that_o a_o syllogism_n can_v have_v but_o three_o term_n in_o it_o two_o of_o which_o be_v give_v we_o in_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o three_o be_v that_o middle_a term_n by_o find_v which_o to_o be_v identify_v with_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o premise_n we_o come_v to_o be_v assure_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n hint_v above_o that_o they_o be_v identify_v in_o the_o conclusion_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_a 5._o from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o tâ—st_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n by_o reduce_v they_o to_o which_o their_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v try_v for_o since_o whatever_o be_v most_o perfect_a in_o its_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n or_o test_n by_o which_o to_o measure_v and_o try_v the_o perfection_n of_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o firm_o ground_v act_n of_o our_o natural_a reason_n make_v exact_a by_o art_n which_o be_v to_o perfect_a nature_n and_o therefore_o absolute_o the_o very_a best_a that_o can_v be_v in_o its_o kind_a or_o the_o best_a discourse_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o true_a test_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n to_o which_o the_o verity_n sense_n or_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v and_o to_o be_v try_v by_o it_o corol._n i._n hence_o it_o be_v of_o very_o excellent_a use_n for_o young_a wit_n to_o exercise_v themselves_o in_o reduce_v loose_a discourse_n to_o strict_a one_o or_o syllogism_n for_o by_o endeavour_v this_o they_o will_v to_o their_o admiration_n find_v how_o shallow_a and_o far_o from_o evident_a the_o ground_n how_o precarious_a unproved_a and_o ofttimes_o contradictious_a the_o particular_a assertion_n and_o how_o open_a and_o incoherent_a the_o contexture_n and_o consequence_n be_v in_o many_o rhetorical_a discourse_n and_o speech_n which_o dress_v up_o in_o fine_a language_n and_o embellish_v with_o little_a trope_n and_o figure_n and_o other_o pretty_a trick_n of_o wit_n and_o fancy_n do_v before_o look_v very_o plausible_a and_o make_v a_o gay_a appearance_n of_o most_o excellent_a sense_n perhaps_o scarce_o any_o one_o expedient_a can_v be_v invent_v that_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o advance_v truth_n beat_v down_o error_n and_o keep_v the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n from_o be_v delude_v than_o thus_o to_o divest_v such_o empty_a discourse_n of_o their_o glossy_a outside_n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v how_o deform_a a_o hag_n error_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o reason_n when_o expose_v stark-naked_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v strip_v of_o these_o ornamental_a triâ—â—es_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v her_o native_a beauty_n and_o the_o symmetry_n of_o all_o her_o part_n will_v appear_v more_o amiable_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o who_o do_v sincere_o affect_v she_o 6._o from_o the_o three_o §_o it_o manifest_o follow_v that_o the_o consequence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n have_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n for_o its_o basis_n if_o upon_o severe_a examination_n we_o find_v that_o any_o discourse_n do_v indeed_o bear_v that_o test_n and_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o rigorous_a syllogism_n and_o the_o premise_n which_o the_o consequence_n suppose_v to_o be_v true_a be_v real_o so_o or_o can_v be_v by_o this_o method_n prove_v true_a it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o we_o may_v be_v as_o perfect_o assure_v as_o that_o we_o be_v that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v consequent_a and_o true_a and_o that_o soon_o may_v all_o the_o material_a world_n crumble_v into_o incoherent_a atom_n or_o relapse_n into_o the_o abyss_n of_o nothingness_n than_o that_o any_o conclusion_n thus_o deduce_v can_v be_v false_a since_o if_o it_o can_v than_o that_o identical_a proposition_n on_o which_o the_o consequence_n be_v ground_v will_v be_v false_a and_o so_o a_o contradiction_n will_v be_v true_a which_o falsify_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o creature_n and_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n which_o will_v consequent_o shock_v the_o wisdom_n and_o even_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o godhead_n itself_o for_o self-existence_n may_v not_o be_v self-existence_n if_o a_o contradiction_n may_v be_v true_a corol._n ii_o be_v that_o which_o be_v say_v here_o and_o some_o other_o main_a hinge_n of_o science_n which_o occur_v in_o this_o treatise_n due_o consider_v and_o well_o penetrate_v it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o they_o will_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n cure_v the_o disease_n of_o scepticism_n so_o epidemical_a among_o our_o late_a wit_n for_o even_o the_o worst_a of_o sceptic_n will_v grant_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n must_v be_v true_a and_o he_o may_v see_v here_o that_o by_o this_o doctrine_n both_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v such_o and_o that_o all_o force_n of_o consequence_n also_o which_o two_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n of_o
it_o absolute_o impossible_a the_o conclusion_n shall_v not_o be_v true_a nor_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o which_o engage_v immediate_o the_o high_a evidence_n of_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o all_o this_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v find_v in_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v of_o such_o a_o matter_n and_o such_o a_o form_n it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o demonstrative_a one_o and_o that_o to_o prove_v by_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v 5._o all_o middle_a term_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n must_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thlng_n or_o from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n for_o since_o all_o inferior_a truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v final_o resolvable_a into_o identical_a proposition_n which_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n that_o be_v because_o those_o first_o truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o they_o and_o identical_a proposition_n be_v therefore_o true_a because_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v in_o which_o consist_v its_o metaphysical_a verity_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o verity_n of_o all_o inferior_a truth_n such_o as_o be_v the_o premise_n on_o who_o truth_n all_o demonstration_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o conclusion_n necessary_o depend_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v again_o since_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o force_n of_o all_o consequence_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n or_o what_o it_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o force_n of_o all_o middle_a term_n that_o any_o way_n conduce_v to_o demonstration_n must_v be_v take_v original_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n 6._o we_o can_v have_v no_o demonstration_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n take_v in_o gross_a for_o the_o whole_a thing_n as_o be_v say_v may_v be_v consider_v diverse_a way_n and_o so_o ground_n many_o notion_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o confuse_o what_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o notion_n we_o can_v frame_v of_o it_o since_o than_o we_o can_v have_v at_o once_o a_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o what_o correspond_v formal_o to_o any_o two_o notion_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o demonstration_n or_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n take_v in_o gross_a 7._o wherefore_o if_o we_o will_v demonstrate_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o what_o be_v essential_a to_o it_o we_o must_v take_v in_o piece_n unfold_v explicate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v detail_v the_o thing_n into_o its_o essential_a part_n that_o so_o we_o may_v look_v more_o clear_o through_o its_o nature_n or_o essence_n which_o be_v do_v by_o definition_n of_o the_o whole_a first_o and_o then_o of_o its_o several_a essential_a part_n till_o we_o come_v to_o those_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v most_o know_v or_o to_o the_o common_a head_n for_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o have_v but_o a_o confuse_a notion_n of_o a_o thing_n while_o it_o be_v express_v but_o in_o one_o word_n but_o when_o many_o word_n be_v use_v to_o tell_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o our_o knowledge_n of_o it_o grow_v clear_a and_o still_o more_o clear_a and_o distinct_a after_o each_o of_o those_o word_n also_o have_v it_o mean_v tell_v or_o be_v define_v for_o example_n ask_v what_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v it_o be_v answer_v a_o man_n which_o give_v we_o indeed_o a_o true_a but_o a_o confuse_a knowledge_n of_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o ask_v far_o what_o be_v a_o man_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n which_o clear_v the_o notion_n of_o man_n to_o a_o fair_a degree_n but_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v also_o confuse_a though_o less_o than_o homo_fw-la be_v wherefore_o to_o gain_v a_o more_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o it_o we_o set_v ourselves_o to_o define_v it_o and_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o live_n or_o selfmoving_a thing_n that_o be_v sensitive_a or_o which_o be_v move_v by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n and_o thus_o still_o to_o gain_v clear_a light_n of_o more_o and_o more_o essential_a notion_n or_o consideration_n of_o man_n we_o may_v drive_v on_o far_a the_o definition_n of_o the_o ascend_a genus_fw-la till_o we_o come_v to_o ens_fw-la or_o substantia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o supreme_a in_o that_o line_n and_o the_o clear_a of_o any_o except_o existence_n which_o stint_v our_o quest_n by_o which_o way_n of_o define_v still_o upward_o we_o gain_v many_o distinct_a notion_n of_o man_n essence_n which_o be_v before_o confuse_o blend_v in_o the_o single_a word_n man_n and_o be_v the_o collateral_a difference_n which_o constitute_v the_o inferior_a notion_n to_o ens_fw-la define_v too_o as_o well_o as_o each_o genus_fw-la descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o it_o we_o shall_v gain_v a_o most_o distinct_a and_o clear_a essential_a notion_n of_o man._n 8._o it_o remain_v to_o define_v the_o 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true_a be_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v the_o conformity_n of_o what_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n to_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o ask_v what_o affirm_v be_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v the_o compare_v one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o â—he_n proposition_n to_o the_o other_o or_o see_v they_o both_o â—gree_n in_o the_o same_o ens._n ask_v what_o deduce_v be_v â—nd_v it_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v a_o compare_v two_o term_n â—o_o a_o three_o and_o see_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o it_o and_o thence_o the_o same_o with_o one_o another_o all_o which_o be_v know_v we_o shall_v have_v gain_v â—he_v distinct_a and_o clear_a notion_n of_o reason_v or_o exact_a discourse_v and_o consequent_o of_o rationality_n the_o power_n which_o produce_v that_o act._n 9_o hence_o proper_a middle_a term_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o common_a head_n for_o demonstration_n of_o any_o truth_n that_o belong_v essential_o to_o any_o notion_n or_o nature_n in_o those_o respective_a line_n for_o they_o be_v take_v from_o the_o definition_n afford_v we_o by_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o difference_n in_o each_o line_n both_o part_n of_o which_o deâ—initions_n be_v essential_a 10._o though_o when_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o it_o wrong_v not_o the_o demonstration_n yet_o this_o be_v best_a do_v when_o the_o superior_a notion_n be_v predicate_v of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o immediate_a inferior_a and_o that_o inferior_a of_o the_o notion_n immediate_o under_o it_o for_o then_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o by_o our_o choice_n or_o order_v but_o ex_fw-la naturâ_fw-la rei_fw-la place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o as_o every_o animal_n be_v a_o live_a thing_n every_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a thing_n every_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n peter_n be_v a_o man_n therefore_o peter_n be_v a_o animal_n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v when_o any_o of_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n be_v use_v for_o the_o middle_a term_n even_o though_o it_o be_v remote_a in_o the_o same_o line_n from_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n as_o every_o sensitive_a thing_n be_v a_o animal_n every_o worm_n be_v a_o sensitive_a thing_n therefore_o every_o worm_n be_v a_o animal_n the_o same_o hold_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o be_v generical_a or_o differential_n notion_n whether_o immediate_a or_o mediate_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n conclude_v for_o one_o as_o for_o the_o other_o viz._n because_o all_o such_o be_v essential_a predicate_v and_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o essence_n be_v not_o only_o identify_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n material_o as_o be_v do_v when_o in_o a_o true_a proposition_n the_o subject_n and_o predicate_v be_v in_o distinct_a line_n as_o aethiop_n est_fw-fr niger_n but_o be_v either_o
express_o or_o by_o consequence_n include_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n the_o formality_n of_o one_o be_v in_o some_o part_n the_o formality_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la corpus_fw-la mixtum_fw-la vivens_fw-la sensituum_fw-la be_v find_v in_o part_n to_o be_v formal_o in_o the_o entire_a notion_n of_o homo_fw-la the_o art_n of_o divide_v right_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v exact_a definition_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o proper_a difference_n that_o divide_v that_o common_a notion_n do_v constitute_v and_o integrate_a the_o definition_n note_v that_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v be_v immediate_a because_o otherwise_o it_o confound_v the_o intermemediate_v notion_n with_o the_o species_n and_o so_o give_v a_o less-distinct_a conception_n of_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v define_v hence_o ens_fw-la or_o vivens_fw-la rationale_n be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n of_o homo_fw-la because_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la do_v but_o confuse_o or_o in_o part_n speak_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o animal_n nor_o be_v rationale_n the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la 12._o hence_o dichotomy_n or_o a_o division_n make_v by_o two_o member_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o such_o a_o division_n the_o part_n if_o right_o express_v may_v be_v most_o easy_o see_v to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a that_o dichotomy_n in_o which_o the_o member_n be_v contradictory_n be_v the_o very_o best_a division_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v as_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la into_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a that_o be_v not-divisible_a of_o animal_n into_o rational_a and_o irrational_a that_o be_v not-rational_a of_o number_n into_o odd_a and_o even_o or_o not-odd_a for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o middle_a between_o contradictory_n it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o member_n than_o two_o and_o consequent_o that_o those_o two_o part_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a 13._o the_o whole_a definition_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o a_o division_n that_o be_v right_o make_v if_o take_v together_o may_v be_v a_o proper_a medium_fw-la for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o both_o of_o these_o take_v together_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a notion_n define_v and_o divide_v and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o middle_a term_n as_o that_o whole_a notion_n express_v by_o one_o word_n as_o by_o man._n animal_n etc._n etc._n v_o g._n every_o rational_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n every_o clown_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n therefore_o every_o clown_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n whatever_o be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n all_o number_n be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a therefore_o all_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n 14._o out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v see_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v science_n for_o since_o all_o knowledge_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o all_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n such_o as_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n distinct_o and_o clear_o represent_v and_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v do_v by_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v to_o science_n 15._o another_o use_n to_o be_v make_v of_o definition_n in_o order_n to_o demonstration_n be_v this_o when_o two_o notion_n by_o be_v remote_a seem_v in_o a_o manner_n disparate_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n be_v obscure_a we_o be_v to_o pursue_v home_o the_o definition_n of_o each_o of_o the_o term_n till_o something_o that_o be_v formal_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o of_o they_o which_o do_v all_o far_a disquisition_n cease_v and_o the_o point_n be_v demonstrate_v for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v prove_v that_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o word_n laudable_a signify_v deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o and_o practical_a self-evidence_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n tell_v we_o that_o our_o speech_n be_v nothing_o but_o sign_n agree_v on_o by_o mankind_n to_o express_v their_o thought_n that_o thing_n deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v well_o of_o and_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v or_o think_v or_o to_o true_a reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o right_o and_o good_a that_o be_v think_v well_o of_o to_o which_o add_v that_o virtue_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o disposition_n to_o act_n according_a to_o true_a reason_n it_o come_v to_o appear_v that_o virtuo_fw-la and_o laudable_a have_v something_o couch_v in_o their_o notion_n that_o be_v formal_o identical_a and_o that_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a be_v full_a as_o certain_a as_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n 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though_o it_o be_v not_o lick_v into_o artificial_a shape_n whence_o it_o may_v suffice_v oftentimes_o without_o frame_v the_o demonstration_n couch_v in_o these_o discourse_n into_o a_o syllogistick_a method_n unless_o the_o form_n of_o the_o discourse_n be_v deny_v 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o 17._o hence_o every_o error_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o fect_a contradiction_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o it_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n as_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o so_o have_v a_o identical_a proposition_n for_o their_o base_n therefore_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n every_o error_n be_v a_o dis-conformity_n to_o the_o thing_n or_o a_o deviation_n from_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v must_v be_v ground_v on_o this_o as_o its_o first_o principle_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n 18._o hence_o follow_v necessary_o that_o if_o art_n and_o industry_n be_v not_o want_v every_o truth_n be_v reducible_a to_o a_o self_n evident_a or_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o these_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v the_o basâ—s_n or_o bottom-principle_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n and_o all_o inferior_a proposition_n derìve_v all_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n from_o the_o first_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n that_o be_v from_o identical_a proposition_n or_o contradiction_n it_o follow_v that_o either_o no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n can_v be_v final_o know_v or_o be_v knowable_a or_o provable_a to_o be_v such_o or_o else_o they_o must_v be_v reducible_a either_o to_o identical_a proposition_n or_o to_o contradiction_n as_o the_o test_n of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsity_n corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o learning_n be_v knowledge_n those_o man_n only_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v absolute_o speak_v true_a scholar_n or_o perfect_o learned_a who_o can_v thus_o settle_v truth_n and_o confute_v error_n that_o be_v thus_o demonstrate_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o position_n he_o maintain_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o disconformity_n of_o his_o adversary_n thesis_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a under_o dispute_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o unjust_o many_o man_n be_v esteem_v learned_a by_o the_o generality_n mere_o for_o their_o have_v read_v a_o multitude_n of_o author_n since_o the_o former_a know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n discourse_v of_o
these_o only_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o and_o such_o author_n say_v thus_o or_o thus_o those_o be_v such_o scholar_n as_o have_v god_n and_o nature_n for_o their_o master_n these_o be_v only_o the_o scholar_n of_o mere_a man_n who_o if_o they_o take_v not_o this_o way_n speak_v out_o of_o fancy_n which_o be_v ungrounded_a and_o therefore_o various_a and_o inconstant_a whence_o such_o man_n of_o read_v use_n to_o fill_v their_o head_n with_o a_o gallimowfry_n of_o thrum_n end_n of_o say_n glean_v from_o diverse_a logician_n or_o philosopher_n discourse_v thus_o or_o thus_o but_o if_o you_o put_v they_o to_o demonstrate_v any_o point_n or_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o first_o principle_n they_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n a_o certain_a sign_n they_o do_v not_o in_o true_a speech_n know_v any_o thing_n corol._n ii_o be_v the_o method_n of_o reduce_v truth_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a well_o settle_v probability_n in_o speculatives_n which_o be_v the_o bane_n of_o science_n will_v be_v quite_o dash_v out_o of_o countenance_n and_o shame_v out_o of_o the_o school_n to_o do_v which_o how_o high_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o science_n be_v â—â—sily_o discernible_a by_o the_o dim_a eye_n lesson_n iu._n how_o every_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n what_o consequence_n follow_v thence_o of_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o of_o the_o science_n of_o pure_a spirit_n 1._o to_o reduce_v any_o truth_n to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o to_o show_v clear_o that_o if_o you_o deny_v such_o a_o truth_n you_o must_v by_o consequence_n deny_v the_o identical_a one_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o that_o subject_a and_o express_v its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v for_o since_o the_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n in_o any_o subject_n to_o those_o which_o be_v supreme_a or_o identical_a be_v perform_v by_o way_n of_o discourse_n or_o draw_v consequence_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o proposition_n which_o be_v inferior_a truth_n and_o the_o supreme_a one_o can_v be_v the_o same_o formal_o and_o express_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o can_v only_o be_v the_o same_o virtual_o or_o as_o one_o truth_n be_v include_v in_o another_o wherefore_o as_o deduce_v be_v nothing_o but_o derive_v downward_o the_o verity_n which_o be_v in_o some_o high_a truth_n to_o the_o inferior_a one_o so_o reduce_v be_v the_o carry_v upward_o or_o resolve_v those_o inferior_a truth_n into_o those_o high_a one_o on_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o the_o show_v they_o to_o be_v by_o consequence_n the_o same_o or_o that_o the_o inferior_a thesis_n must_v needs_o be_v true_a if_o the_o identical_a or_o supreme_a one_o be_v so_o and_o that_o the_o supreme_a one_o can_v be_v true_a unless_o the_o inferior_a one_o be_v such_o also_o so_o that_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o supreme_a truth_n do_v by_o consequence_n stand_v engage_v in_o the_o patronage_n of_o the_o inferior_a one_o lemma_n all_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a for_o since_o essence_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la that_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o exist_v and_o nothing_o can_v exist_v but_o that_o which_o be_v ultimate_o determine_v in_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o in_o that_o line_n and_o any_o essential_a predicate_v take_v away_o it_o want_v part_n of_o its_o essence_n that_o be_v part_v of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o that_o be_v which_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o essence_n require_v a_o totality_n of_o all_o its_o essential_a part_n but_o a_o totality_n since_o the_o least_o part_n defalkt_v from_o it_o make_v it_o to_o be_v no_o totum_fw-la consist_v in_o a_o indivisibility_n therefore_o all_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a 2._o hence_o a_o easy_a way_n be_v chalk_v out_o how_o to_o reduce_v any_o truth_n to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n or_o any_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o let_v but_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o discourse_n homo_fw-la for_o example_n be_v define_v and_o the_o two_o part_n of_o its_o definition_n be_v define_v likewise_o and_o so_o forward_o we_o shall_v have_v gain_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o of_o all_o its_o essential_a part_n if_o then_o the_o discourse_n be_v about_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o homo_fw-la all_o the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o essence_n which_o be_v common_a notion_n be_v as_o they_o ought_v make_v by_o contradictory_n difference_n and_o this_o from_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la to_o the_o very_a notion_n discourse_v of_o consequent_o that_o discourse_n must_v either_o evident_o clash_v with_o and_o contradict_v some_o one_o of_o those_o essential_a part_n or_o agree_v to_o they_o all._n if_o it_o contradict_v any_o one_o of_o they_o then_o since_o essence_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a it_o do_v by_o consequence_n destroy_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o make_v homo_fw-la not_o to_o be_v homo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o agree_v with_o all_o its_o part_n then_o since_o all_z the_o part_n be_v evident_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v by_o consequence_n as_o certain_a as_o it_o be_v that_o homo_fw-la be_v homo_fw-la since_o to_o say_v that_o homo_fw-la be_v a_o ens_fw-la and_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la as_o be_v corpus_n and_o such_o a_o corpus_n as_o be_v compound_v and_o such_o a_o compound_v body_n as_o be_v vivens_fw-la and_o such_o a_o vivens_fw-la as_o be_v sensitive_a or_o a_o animal_n and_o such_o a_o animal_n as_o can_v have_v notion_n in_o it_o and_o can_v compare_v one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o two_o to_o a_o three_o be_v evident_o to_o say_v in_o equivalent_a term_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la 3._o another_o method_n of_o resolve_v all_o truth_n into_o identical_a proposition_n be_v to_o define_v both_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v and_o to_o pursue_v their_o definition_n till_o some_o notion_n that_o be_v perfect_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o as_o be_v instance_a in_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a in_o the_o last_o lesson_n §_o 15._o 4._o moreover_o all_o conclusion_n formal_o as_o such_o that_o be_v consider_v they_o as_o infer_v or_o conclude_v be_v resolve_v final_o into_o this_o identical_a proposition_n the_o same_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v above_o b._n 2._o l._n 3._o §_o 10._o 5._o wherefore_o the_o method_n be_v settle_v of_o reduce_v to_o identical_a proposition_n both_o inferior_a truth_n which_o be_v the_o premise_n and_o also_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o follow_v of_o the_o conclusion_n from_o their_o respective_a premise_n which_o be_v the_o consequence_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conceive_v what_o can_v be_v far_o want_v to_o the_o method_n to_o science_n so_o these_o rule_n be_v thorough_o penetrate_v and_o industrious_o put_v in_o practice_n 6._o all_o truth_n whatever_o that_o concern_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n if_o we_o have_v but_o notion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o express_v they_o do_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o method_n and_o be_v demonstrable_a for_o since_o all_o truth_n who_o term_n we_o understand_v do_v consist_v of_o notion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o know_v to_o what_o common_a head_n those_o notion_n do_v belong_v nor_o insuperable_o hard_a to_o divide_v by_o proper_a difference_n that_o common_a head_n nor_o the_o less_o general_a notion_n under_o that_o head_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o very_a notion_n who_o connexion_n be_v in_o question_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o proposition_n belong_v to_o any_o head_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n equal_o reducible_a to_o their_o proper_a identical_o since_o all_o the_o predicate_v in_o the_o nine_o last_o common_a head_n which_o be_v analogical_o entia_fw-la have_v also_o their_o analogical_a essence_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a notion_n as_o we_o have_v of_o the_o first_o common_a head_n which_o be_v proper_o ens_fw-la and_o so_o we_o can_v as_o easy_o define_v their_o abstract_a notion_n as_o we_o can_v the_o other_o or_o rather_o much_o more_o easy_o and_o consequent_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o identical_o 7._o hence_o we_o can_v discourse_n scientifical_o or_o have_v true_a science_n not_o only_o of_o quantity_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o mathematics_n but_o with_o equal_a reason_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o ethic_n for_o we_o can_v equal_o abstract_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o several_a virtue_n have_v a_o distinct_a conception_n of_o they_o equal_o define_v they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v equal_o reduce_v they_o to_o
be_v immediate_a and_o nothing_o be_v assume_v which_o be_v not_o some_o way_n evident_a this_o way_n also_o be_v shorter_n and_o more_o fit_a to_o comprise_v much_o truth_n or_o many_o syllogism_n in_o a_o little_a room_n the_o other_o way_n be_v clear_a at_o first_o sight_n this_o be_v more_o fit_a for_o writer_n who_o production_n may_v be_v scan_v leisurely_o by_o multitude_n of_o reader_n and_o examiner_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o disputant_n in_o the_o school_n who_o be_v to_o argue_v or_o answer_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o act_v the_o part_n of_o opponent_n or_o respondent_fw-la ex_fw-la tempore_fw-la and_o without_o study_v among_o the_o other_o difference_n between_o they_o this_o be_v one_o that_o if_o a_o obstinate_a adversary_n deny_v any_o link_n in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o second_o kind_n to_o be_v connect_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o chain_n recourse_n must_v be_v forcible_o have_v to_o the_o syllogistick_a method_n to_o convince_v he_o by_o plain_a self-evident_a principle_n of_o our_o understanding_n on_o which_o all_o force_n of_o consequence_n be_v build_v we_o shall_v give_v here_o some_o few_o example_n of_o either_o method_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v pure_o logical_a the_o second_o arithmetical_a the_o three_o and_o four_o physical_a the_o five_o six_z and_o seven_o metaphysical_a thesis_n i._o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a demonstration_n first_o bar-whateve_a involve_v a_o contradiction_n be_v impossible_a but_o baal_a infinite_a number_n involve_v a_o contradiction_n therefore_o ra-all_a infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a the_o minor_a be_v thus_o prove_v bar-whateve_a notion_n comprise_v under_o any_o of_o the_o common_a head_n be_v neither_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o its_o particular_a kind_a nor_o any_o species_n under_o that_o genus_fw-la involve_v a_o contradiction_n but_o baal_a infinite_a number_n it_o be_v discrete_a quantity_n be_v comprise_v under_o one_o of_o the_o common_a head_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o the_o generical_a notion_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n nor_o any_o species_n of_o it_o therefore_o ra-all_a infinite_a number_n involve_v a_o contradiction_n 2._o the_o major_n be_v evident_a for_o all_o the_o notion_n of_o any_o common_a head_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o scale_n be_v either_o generical_a or_o specifical_a whence_o such_o a_o notion_n as_o infinite_a number_n will_v be_v under_o that_o common_a head_n as_o it_o be_v evident_a discrete_a quantity_n be_v under_o quantity_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v under_o it_o because_o infinite_a number_n be_v neither_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o discrete_a quantity_n nor_o any_o species_n of_o it_o the_o minor_a likewise_o as_o to_o it_o be_v first_o part_n be_v most_o evident_a because_o infinite_a number_n be_v a_o number_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o a_o number_n for_o its_o be_v infinite_a but_o more_o the_o same_o minor_a as_o to_o its_o second_o part_n viz._n that_o infinite_a number_n can_v be_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o the_o whole_a notion_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n be_v thus_o prove_v ceno_a notion_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o each_o of_o its_o species_n can_v be_v a_o generical_a notion_n or_o a_o genus_fw-la but_o la-every_a infinite_a number_n be_v a_o notion_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o each_o of_o the_o species_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n therefore_o rent-no_a infinite_a number_n can_v be_v the_o generical_a notion_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n 3._o the_o major_n be_v evident_a for_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o superior_a notion_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o the_o species_n and_o a_o part_n must_v necessary_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o according_o we_o find_v the_o whole_a notion_n and_o definition_n of_o animal_n to_o be_v in_o homo_fw-la of_o corpus_n in_o vivens_fw-la and_o of_o ens_fw-la in_o all_o under_o it_o 4._o this_o last_o minor_n be_v likewise_o most_o evident_a for_o ten_o and_o twenty_o be_v species_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n be_v both_o of_o they_o number_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o notion_n of_o infinite_a discrete_a quantity_n or_o infinite_a number_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o each_o of_o these_o which_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v if_o infinite_a quantity_n be_v their_o genus_fw-la 5._o the_o former_a minor_n according_a to_o its_o three_o part_n viz._n that_o infinite_a number_n can_v be_v no_o species_n of_o number_n or_o discrete_a quantity_n be_v thus_o prove_v ceno_a species_n comprehend_v all_o that_o be_v in_o its_o fellow-specy_n but_o leave_v it_o somewhat_o which_o itself_o have_v not_o but_o la-every_a infinite_a number_n comprehend_v all_o that_o be_v in_o its_o fellow-specy_n and_o do_v not_o leave_v it_o somewhat_o which_o itself_o have_v not_o therefore_o rend_v no_o infinite_a number_n can_v be_v a_o species_n of_o discrete_a quantity_n 6._o the_o minor_a be_v prove_v for_o essential_a difference_n that_o constitute_v the_o species_n be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o not_o all_o and_o none_o and_o as_o for_o the_o formal_a part_n of_o the_o several_a species_n of_o number_n they_o be_v constitute_v formal_o by_o some_o one_o unity_n shut_v up_o the_o rest_n otherwise_o those_o species_n have_v have_v no_o distinct_a notion_n be_v indeterminate_a v_o g._n ten_o and_o twenty_o be_v formal_o such_o species_n of_o number_n because_o there_o be_v a_o ten_o unity_n and_o a_o twenty_o in_o they_o shut_v up_o or_o determine_v that_o be_v terminate_n those_o unity_n which_o be_v presuppose_v wherefore_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o infinite_a number_n be_v a_o distinct_a species_n it_o must_v have_v beside_o it_o be_v other_o material_a constituent_n something_o belong_v to_o its_o own_o intrinsical_a and_o particular_a nature_n constitute_v it_o formal_o of_o such_o a_o species_n which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o infinitth_n one_o determine_v or_o terminate_n it_o in_o the_o line_n of_o number_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a contradiction_n and_o make_v a_o infinite_a to_o be_v finite_a the_o same_o thesis_n infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a demonstration_n second_o axiom_n unit_n be_v the_o element_n of_o which_o all_o number_n consist_v v_o g._n the_o number_n of_o twenty_o be_v twenty_o one_o the_o number_n of_o a_o hundred_o be_v a_o hundred_o one_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o infinite_a number_n consist_v of_o infinite_a one_o da-whateve_a tenet_n put_v some_o one_o to_o be_v infinite_o distant_a in_o the_o line_n of_o number_n from_o another_o one_o assignable_a or_o put_v a_o infinitth_n one_o put_v a_o contradiction_n but_o ri-the_a tenet_n of_o a_o infinite_a number_n put_v some_o one_o to_o be_v infinite_o distant_a in_o the_o line_n of_o number_n from_o another_o one_o assignable_a or_o a_o infinitth_n one_o therefore_o i'the_a tenet_n of_o a_o infinite_a number_n put_v a_o contradiction_n 7._o the_o major_n be_v self-evident_a for_o it_o clear_o put_v à n_o infinite_a or_o endless_a number_n to_o have_v two_o end_n viz._n this_o one_o assignable_a and_o that_o other_o one_o suppose_a infinite_o distant_a from_o it_o or_o the_o infinitth_n one._n 8._o the_o minor_a be_v also_o evident_a for_o since_o by_o the_o axiom_n all_o number_n even_o though_o infinite_a consist_v of_o one_o as_o it_o be_v constituent_a part_n if_o no_o one_o be_v a_o infinitth_n than_o every_o one_o be_v a_o finitth_n and_o so_o all_o the_o part_n be_v the_o whole_a that_o whole_a or_o the_o infinite_a number_n itself_o must_v be_v finite_a which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n thesis_n ii_o all_o continue_v quantity_n be_v one_o whole_a consist_v of_o potential_a or_o still_o divisible_a part_n demonstration_n iii_o axiom_n i._o quantity_n be_v divisible_a without_o end_n this_o be_v suppose_v prove_v by_o euclid_n element_n lib._n 6._o prop._n 10_o the_o axiom_n ii_o what_o be_v actual_o distinct_a in_o any_o line_n be_v determinate_a in_o that_o line_n all_o act_n come_v from_o the_o form_n which_o be_v determinate_a itself_o make_v those_o subject_n in_o which_o it_o be_v determinate_a likewise_o axiom_n iii_o a_o quatenus_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la proposition_n i._o quantity_n can_v be_v compound_v of_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n co-nothing_a that_o be_v infinite_o divisible_a can_v consist_v of_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o indivible_n but_o la-all_a quantity_n be_v infinite_o divisible_a therefore_o 1._o rent-no_a quantity_n can_v consist_v of_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n 9_o the_o major_n be_v evident_a for_o put_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n ten_o for_o example_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o those_o ten_o it_o can_v be_v no_o long_o divisible_a and_o so_o no_o quantity_n by_o the_o ax._n i._n proposition_n ii_o quantity_n can_v be_v compound_v of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n ceno_a one_o
indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o can_v make_v quantity_n but_o la_o 1._o alderman_n infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_fw-fr consist_v of_o or_o be_v one_o indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o therefore_o rent-no_a infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n can_v make_v quantity_n 10._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o all_o number_n though_o infinite_a consist_v of_o one_o that_o be_v of_o one_o add_v to_o another_o add_v that_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v above_o that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a proposition_n iii_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a all_o the_o part_n must_v be_v actual_o distinct_a also_o bar-what_a ever_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a nature_n of_o quantity_n must_v be_v equal_o find_v where_o ever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n by_o axiom_n 3_o d._n but_o baal_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o quantity_n therefore_o ra-all_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o must_v be_v equal_o find_v wherever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n 11._o the_o minor_a be_v prove_v for_o all_o unity_n and_o distinction_n in_o any_o line_n follow_v out_o of_o the_o entity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v peculiar_a that_o be_v in_o our_o case_n out_o of_o the_o entity_n or_o essence_n of_o quantity_n again_o this_o actual_a distinction_n of_o quantitative_a part_n can_v spring_v from_o substance_n for_o this_o have_v no_o distinction_n of_o part_n but_o that_o of_o matter_n and_o form_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o other_o line_n for_o all_o those_o do_v presuppose_v quantity_n and_o spring_n from_o it_o as_o the_o primary_n affection_n of_o body_n therefore_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a that_o distinction_n must_v proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n itself_o 12._o now_o that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n shall_v be_v actual_o distinct_a destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n and_o be_v contradictory_n be_v thus_o prove_v 2_o da-whateve_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_n contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n but_o ri-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_fw-fr therefore_o i-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n 13._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a quantitative_o may_v be_v divide_v quantitative_o or_o rather_o be_v already_o so_o as_o those_o which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a in_o the_o line_n of_o substance_n be_v distinct_a substance_n or_o distinct_a thing_n in_o that_o line_n wherefore_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o subject_a as_o they_o put_v quantity_n to_o be_v do_v bear_v it_o let_v we_o suppose_v quantity_n divide_v into_o all_o its_o actual_a part_n it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o be_v into_o all_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o suppose_v actual_o distinct_a it_o be_v manifest_a there_o can_v remain_v only_o infinite_a indivisibles_n they_o must_v be_v indivisible_a because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o all_o it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o and_o they_o must_v be_v infinite_a for_o divisibility_n that_o be_v but_o finite_a will_v contradict_v euclid_n clear_a and_o most_o approve_a demonstration_n beside_o it_o will_v follow_v hence_o that_o if_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v determinate_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n wherefore_o they_o be_v also_o infinite_a in_o number_n for_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o part_n make_v quantity_n not_o to_o be_v divisible_a infinite_o against_o euclid_n demonstration_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o each_o least_o quantity_n will_v be_v of_o infinite_a extension_n for_o the_o least_o determinate_a quantity_n infinite_a time_n repeat_v make_v a_o infinite_a extension_n 14._o hence_o be_v evince_v our_o main_a demonstration_n that_o since_o continue_v quantity_n be_v neither_o compound_v of_o a_o finit_fw-la nor_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n nor_o of_o actual_a part_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o potential_a part_n that_o be_v there_o be_v but_o one_o actual_a whole_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n and_o this_o whole_a be_v divisible_a without_o end_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v far_o demonstrate_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o to_o its_o quantity_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o whole_a imaginable_a mass_n of_o body_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v demonstrate_v likewise_o that_o all_o vacuum_n and_o epicurus_n scheme_n of_o plenum_fw-la and_o vacuum_n be_v contradictory_n as_o likewise_o that_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v more_o world_n than_o one_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o quantity_n be_v but_o one_o whole_a divisible_a still_o into_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o part_n still_o far_o divisible_a thesis_n iii_o 15._o successive_a quantity_n or_o motion_n and_o consequent_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n can_v not_o have_v be_v ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la but_o must_v have_v have_v a_o beginning_n demonstration_n iu._n bar-all_a infinite_a motion_n or_o time_n be_v impossible_a but_o baal_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la must_v have_v be_v for_o a_o infinite_a time_n therefore_o ra-all_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la be_v impossible_a the_o minor_a be_v self-evident_a the_o major_n be_v thus_o prove_v bar-all_a infinite_a time_n must_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n v_o g._n infinite_a hour_n but_o baal_a infinite_a number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n be_v impossible_a therefore_o ra-all_a infinite_a time_n be_v impossible_a 16._o the_o major_n be_v clear_o evident_a for_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n finite_a than_o all_o the_o part_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a be_v finite_a the_o whole_a must_v likewise_o be_v finite_a the_o minor_a be_v prove_v above_o demonstration_n 1._o and_o 2._o where_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a 17._o whence_o be_v demonstrate_v our_o main_a thesis_n that_o time_n motion_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o beginning_n whence_o many_o useful_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v against_o heathen_n and_o atheist_n note_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o our_o argument_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o part_n of_o time_n which_o be_v actual_o determine_v and_o measure_v or_o no_o it_o be_v sufficient_a the_o subject_n infinite_a motion_n or_o infinite_a time_n bear_v the_o have_v such_o a_o determination_n make_v by_o have_v that_o in_o it_o which_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o infinite_a determinate_a part_n for_o this_o necessary_o induce_v and_o enforce_v a_o contradiction_n thesis_n iv._o there_o be_v spiritual_a being_n which_o we_o call_v angel_n demonstration_n v._n axiom_n 1._o what_o act_n be_v 2._o every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v and_o à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la can_v act_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o it_o be_v especial_o as_o a_o immediate_a agent_n 3._o motion_n be_v change_v 4._o there_o be_v no_o create_a being_n but_o either_o divisible_a or_o indivisible_a one_o that_o be_v body_n or_o spirit_n 5._o the_o first_o be_v be_v essential_o unchangeable_a 1_o da-whateve_a must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_v act_n and_o consequent_o be_v but_o ri-an_a angel_n must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_n viz._n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n therefore_o jan_a angel_n act_n and_o consequent_o be_v the_o minor_a be_v thus_o prove_v 4._o da-every_a effect_n that_o can_v neither_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n noâ—_n by_o a_o body_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o create_a spirit_n or_o a_o angel_n but_o ri-the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n be_v a_o effect_n which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n nor_o by_o a_o body_n therefore_o i'the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o angel_n and_o consequent_o a_o angel_n act_n &_o be_v the_o former_a part_n of_o thâ—_n minor_n viz._n that_o the_o first_o motion_n can_v not_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v thus_o demonstrate_v 19_o fe-no_a 2._o be_v that_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a and_o who_o nature_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o change_n can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n o_o 3_o change_n or_o motion_n nor_o consequent_o of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n but_o ri-the_a first_o be_v be_v 5._o essential_o unchangeable_a and_o his_o nature_n be_v direct_o
medium_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o must_v be_v also_o conclusive_a one_o for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n must_v either_o be_v make_v know_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o by_o extrinsical_a one_o that_o be_v by_o another_o authority_n and_o the_o same_o question_n recurr_n how_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o that_o other_o authority_n and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o we_o must_v come_v to_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o authority_n by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o we_o can_v have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o to_o believe_v any_o authority_n moreover_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v do_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n and_o unless_o they_o be_v conclusive_a they_o prove_v nothing_o and_o so_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o 21._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o attester_n be_v ascertain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o §_o 15.16_o their_o veracity_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o show_v there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a good_a to_o move_v their_o will_n to_o deceive_v we_o and_o the_o best_a proof_n omit_v the_o impossibility_n of_o join_v in_o such_o a_o universal_a conspiracy_n to_o deceive_v the_o certain_a loss_n of_o their_o credit_n to_o tell_v a_o lie_n against_o notorious_a matter_n of_o fact_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o see_v impossibility_n of_o compass_v their_o immediate_a end_n which_o be_v to_o deceive_v which_o reason_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o no_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o perfect_o frantic_a act_n for_o a_o end_n that_o he_o plain_o see_v impossible_a to_o be_v compass_v for_o example_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o moon_n or_o to_o swim_v over_o thames_n upon_o a_o pig_n of_o lead_n thus_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o all_o england_n can_v not_o conspire_v to_o deceive_v those_o bear_v since_o in_o assert_v to_o they_o that_o there_o be_v a_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o a_o long_a parliament_n which_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n here_o because_o they_o must_v see_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o gain_v belief_n of_o it_o which_o be_v their_o immediate_a end_n whatever_o far_o end_v they_o may_v propose_v to_o themselves_o so_o many_o record_n practice_n law_n and_o other_o consequence_n issue_v thence_o give_v they_o the_o lie_v beside_o the_o history_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o country_n and_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o political_a part_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o conspire_v unanimous_o and_o apposite_o to_o detect_v the_o cheat._n wherefore_o the_o end_n be_v evident_o impossible_a to_o be_v achieve_v it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o apparent_a good_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o act_v for_o such_o a_o end_n or_o to_o attempt_v to_o deceive_v we_o by_o attest_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o tell_v such_o a_o lie_n in_o such_o a_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v veracious_a while_o they_o attest_v it_o 22._o though_o both_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o consequently_n the_o thing_n attest_v by_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o and_o necessary_o true_a yet_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n be_v neither_o science_n noâ—_n opinion_n it_o can_v be_v opinion_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o beget_v opinion_n be_v not_o necessary_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n as_o be_v find_v here_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v science_n because_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v attest_v cause_v such_o a_o notion_n or_o impression_n in_o we_o direct_o by_o its_o self_n or_o by_o reflex_n knowledge_n upon_o those_o direct_a one_o on_o which_o kind_n of_o impression_n all_o science_n be_v build_v but_o it_o be_v a_o knowledge_n reflect_v to_o we_o from_o another_o knowledge_n of_o it_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o second-hand_n knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o even_o the_o attester_n have_v of_o the_o object_n at_o first-hand_n a_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o thing_n as_o a_o object_n the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o knowledge_n only_o which_o can_v beget_v science_n for_o a_o proper_a cause_n have_v a_o real_a order_n or_o relation_n to_o it_o be_v proper_a effect_n whereas_o the_o object_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o sense_n or_o our_o know_a power_n as_o be_v show_v above_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o relation_n by_o which_o we_o may_v far_o more_o clear_o discover_v the_o essential_a difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o intelligibility_n be_v a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la therefore_o every_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o proper_a cause_n of_o knowledge_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la negative_o as_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n nothing_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o ens_fw-la non_fw-la ens_fw-la not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v any_o knowledge_n in_o we_o or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o order_n to_o a_o extrinsical_a thing_n not_o a_o true_a property_n perfect_v it_o intrinsical_o as_o property_n due_a to_o a_o thing_n by_o nature_n and_o spring_a from_o their_o essence_n do_v it_o may_v be_v object_v far_a that_o all_o natural_a power_n be_v true_a property_n though_o they_o respect_v extrinsical_a thing_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o work_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o perfect_v those_o entity_n intrinsical_o or_o give_v they_o some_o perfection_n in_o their_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o intelligibility_n do_v not_o for_o nothing_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a or_o otherwise_o than_o it_o will_v be_v for_o be_v know_v or_o understand_v to_o explicate_v this_o better_a we_o may_v consider_v that_o every_o entity_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v some_o office_n or_o place_n there_o and_o some_o part_n which_o it_o be_v to_o act_v on_o the_o stage_n of_o nature_n and_o according_o metaphysic_n teach_v we_o that_o every_o body_n be_v constitute_v such_o by_o its_o have_v some_o primary_n operation_n which_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v as_o fire_n to_o heat_n water_n to_o cool_n etc._n etc._n whence_o what_o ever_o fit_v it_o for_o such_o a_o operation_n be_v either_o essential_a to_o it_o or_o a_o property_n immediate_o connect_v with_o its_o essence_n such_o as_o be_v those_o natural_a power_n object_v now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o power_n do_v perfect_a each_o nature_n intrinsical_o since_o without_o they_o it_o will_v be_v imperfect_a and_o impotent_a to_o perform_v that_o which_o it_o be_v essential_o ordain_v for_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n carry_v on_o by_o such_o proper_a cause_n to_o proper_a effect_n will_v be_v quite_o out_o of_o frame_n and_o order_n whereas_o it_o be_v manifest_a it_o will_v suffer_v no_o detriment_n at_o all_o in_o itself_o whether_o those_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_n be_v understand_v or_o no._n which_o show_v that_o their_o be_v know_v by_o the_o first_o attester_n or_o make_v know_v to_o we_o by_o their_o know_v they_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a effect_n of_o those_o cause_n nor_o intrinsical_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n but_o accidental_a to_o they_o as_o such_o but_o yet_o so_o accidental_a that_o it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o they_o and_o so_o do_v necessary_o infer_v the_o conclusion_n 23._o testimony_n on_o which_o human_a faith_n rely_v be_v adequate_o divide_v into_o live_v and_o dead_a that_o be_v into_o such_o attester_n as_o speak_v viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o those_o that_o speak_v by_o write_v because_o there_o be_v no_o common_a or_o ordinary_a way_n but_o speech_n and_o write_a or_o print_v character_n by_o which_o man_n can_v relate_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o other_o or_o testify_v to_o they_o their_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n 24._o matter_n of_o fact_n do_v long_o a_o go_v if_o very_o concern_v to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o continue_v and_o that_o they_o be_v know_v at_o first_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o who_o live_v now_o by_o a_o delivery_n of_o they_o down_o from_o the_o forego_n age_n to_o the_o succeed_a one_o which_o continue_v testimony_n or_o delivery_n of_o they_o be_v call_v tradition_n for_o since_o the_o generality_n of_o first_o attester_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o they_o happen_v can_v not_o but_o know_v they_o and_o the_o continual_a concern_v of_o they_o can_v not_o but_o still_o prompt_a and_o provoke_v foregoer_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o to_o their_o descendants_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o those_o cause_n may_v still_o