the vast quantity of Merchandize invites as much People as Italians Germans Grizons and Switzers The Ayr is most serene there and its Territory produceth sweet wines Oyl and many pleasant fruits In some places for want of Land either fit for tillage or Vines the people employ themselves in working Woollen and Linnen Clothes which they afterwards carry into all parts of Italy Their Language is very rustick but that renders not the People so who are civil and ingenuous and no less disposed to Learning than Trade whence it took the surname of Bergamo the witty It hath produced many noble Wits who by their excellent virtues have added to its Lustre Whereof were Alberico di Rosato Doctor of Laws and Ambrogio Calepino whose works no ingenuous person neglects to have Fryer Damiano a convertite of the order of Preachers was a man of so great Ingenuity in cementing pieces of several woods together with such artifice that they have been often mistaken for Pictures drawn with a pencel that his fellow hath not been known herein Fryer Pagano of the same Order gave excellent example of constancy at his death given him by the Hereticks Hence also have issued men of great Judgment and Counsel to govern the Republick particularly of the Family of Foresti with many Cardinals Prelates and excellent Captains The first Advancer of the Christian Religion in this City was Saint Barnabas a Disciple of Christ in the 25th yeer of our Salvation together with Anatolone the Greek and Caio the Roman giving it for Bishop Narino one of its Citizens who having governed it with great sanctity of Life and Religion for thirty yeers deceased and was there interred whom many holy Bishops from one to another have succeeded In the Domo of Bergamo are 25. Bodies of Saints kept with great devotion Where near the high Altar stands the Sepulchre of Bartolomeo Coleone a famous Captain and Citizen of it with his Effigies in Marble which he caused to be cut for him by the Life the Epitaph whereof follows Bartholomeus Colleonus de Andegania virtute immortalitatem adeptus usque adeo in re militari fuit illustris non modo tunc viventium gloriam longè excesserit sed etiam posteris spem enim citandi ademerit saepius enim à diversis Principibus ac deinceps ab Illustrissimo Veneto Senatu accepto Imperio Tandem totius Christianorum exercitus sub Paulo Secundo Pont. Max. delectus fuit Imperator Cujus acies quatuordecim annos ab ejus obitu solo jam defuncti Imperatoris tanquam vivi nomine militantis jussa cujus alias contempserunt Obiit Anno Domini 1475. quarto nonas Novembris In the Church of Saint Agostino is the Tomb of Fryer Ambrogio Calepino who with great diligence and industry collected all the Latin words in a form approved by the gravest writers whose works are known to all the World being divulged where ever the Latine Tongue is spoken Bergamo together with its Burroughs contains a great number of Souls Above it stands the Capella or Chapel a place strong by its site upon a high Mountain and by the most impregnable Walls wherewith it was encompassed by Luchino Visconte Lord of Milano and Bergamo but at this time t is wholly abandoned and half ruinated being found by experience of little ayd to the City when need required here at first was layed a foundation for a Monastery for the Order of S. Dominick and a Chapel built whence called Capello Bergamo was long time subject to the Roman Empire after whose fall t was burnt by Attila then it was yoaked to the Longobardi who styled themselves Dukes thereof then reduced under the power of Kings of Italy and so continued till the daies of Filippo Turciano who became Lord thereof Anno 1264. After it was Subjugated by Luchino the Viscount Then Mastino della Scalla made himself Lord thereof By whom some time after t was sold to Pandolfo Malatesta for thirty thousand Duckats of Gold And after it had been some times occupied by the French of its own accord it gave it self to the Venetians under whom it peaceably reposeth to this day If farther and more at large any one defires to be satisfied in the history of Bergamo let him read the book entitled La Vigna di Bergamo Serio runs close by Bergamo deriving its source from those Mountains between which towards the North are 6 vales The first is called La vale Seriana from the River Serio's running through it which is well peopled who by Tolomeo are called Beccunni The second is Vale Brombana so named from its vicinity with the Banks of the River Brembo each of which are extended for thirty miles long The third is Vale di San Martino 15. miles long The fourrh Vale di Calepio the fifth Vale di Ohiusontio the sixth Val di Manca in which between Towns Villages and Hamlets are numbred 200. Inhabited places of which the chief are Calepio Lever de Chiusonto and Vertua where they make excellent Woollen Clothes On this side the Territory of Bergamo extends it self 28. miles Upon Calepio is the strong Castle Leuco where a Bridge conjoyns both the Banks of Adda On the West Bergamo hath the City of Como Monza and the Hills of Brianza towards the East Brescia and towards the South Crema with the above-described Places Bergamo is accounted 32. miles from Milan having on the right hand the Rivers Brembo which dischargeth it self into the Adda further on near the Adda is the well-fortified Castle of Trezzo reared by Bernardo Viscount of Milan Anno 1370. together with that artificial Bridge which on the left hand over the Adda discovers it self with the abovenamed Places At twelve miles distance from Bergamo stands Colonica a small Village where imbarking you psss 20 miles in the Water and so arrive at Milan CREMA THe Relation of this City should have been placed between the narrations of Brescia and Bergamo where in the second voyage from Brescia to Milan t is only briesly touched but the Author having found himself tardy in omitting an account of this esteemed one of the prime Cities of Lombardy apollogizeth for his placing it here in the end of this Book and promiseth a reformation in the next impress Being then in the City of Brescia and going forth the Gate San Nazario after twenty miles travel you arrive at Orzi Nuovi and having past the River Oglio find the Castle Soncino and sive miles more forwards meets Romanengo and so many more the City Crema which is situated in the East shore of the River Serio by which t is deliciously washed it lies in the Centre of fruitfull Lombardy between five illustrious Cities at thirty miles distance from each which encompasse it like a Crown whereof she may be termed the Cross that is to say Milan Bergamo Brescia Cremona and Piacenza who affording it what it stands in need of and expending its superfluities
Cemeterio Cardino in the Via Latina That tra'due Lauri at S. Helena That of S. Ciriaco in the Via Ostiense But we must observe that Astolfo King of the Longobardi tearing up out of the earth about Rome the bodies of many Saints destroyed also their Cemeterii or burying places and that the Popes Paolo and Paschale reposed within the City in the Churches of S Stefano S. Silvestro and S Prascede many bodies of Saints then lying in those Cemeterii which were ruinated and layed wast And that the Christians were buried in the Cemeterii within Tombes and Sepulchres of Marble or of brick and of those Sepulchres some were hereditary others bestowed in gift and that at last places were assigned particularly for the Sepulture of Christians to wit Church-yards c. The Roman fixed stations granted by several Popes to divers Churches of Saints with great priviledges and Indulgencies THe first Sunday of the Advent is celebrated at Santa Maria Maggiore The second at S. Croce di Jerusalem The third at S. Pietro The Wednesday of that season at St. Maria Maggiore The Fryday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Saturday at S. Pietro The Vigils of the Nativity at S. Maria Maggiore In the first Mass of the Nativity at Santa Maria Maggiore al Presepio In the second Mass at S. Anastasia In the the third at S. Maria Maggiore On St. Stephens day at S. Stefano nel Monte Celio On St. John the Apostles day at S. Maria Maggiore The Feast of the Innocents at S. Paolo The day of the Circumcision of our Lord at Santa Maria beyond the Tyber The day of the Epiphany or Twelfe day after Christmass at S. Pietro The Septuagessima Sunday at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Sexagessima Sunday at S. Paolo The Quinquagessima at Santo Pietro The first day of the Quadragessima or Lent at Santa Sabina The second at S. Gregorio The third at San Giovanni and Paolo The Saturday at S. Trisone The first Sunday of Lent at S. Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday of Lent at S. Lorenzo in Panisperna The Fryday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Satturdey at Santo Pietro The second Sunday of Lent at S. Maria in Domenica The Munday at San Clemente The Tuesday at Santa Sabina The Wednesday at Santa Cecilia The Thursday at Santa Maria in Transtevere The Friday at San Vitale The Satturday at the Santi Marcellino and Pietro The third Sunday of Lent at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Munday at San Marco The Tuesday at Santa Potentiana The Wednesday at San Sisto The Thursday at the Santi Cosmo and Damiano The Fridry at S Lorenzo in Lucina The Saturday at Santi Susanna The Fourth Sunday of Lent at Santa Croce in Jerusalem The Munday at the Santi quatro Coronati The Tuesday at San Lorenzo in Damaso The Wednesday at San Paolo The Thursday at the Santi Silvestro and Martino The Friday at Santo Eusebio The Satturday at San Nicolo in Carcere The fifth Sunday in Lent called the Passion Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Grisogono The Tuesday at San Quirico The Wednesday at Santo Marcello The Thursday at Santo Apollinare The Friday at S. Stephano in Monte Celio The Satturday at San Giovanni before the Porta Latina The Palme Sunday at San Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Prascede The Tuesday at Santa Prisca The Wednesday at Santa Prisca The holy Thursday at San Giovanni Laterano The good Fryday called Parasceve at Santa Croce in Hierusalem The Satturday at San Giovanni Laterano Easter day or the Sunday of the Resurrection of our Lord at Santa Maria Maggiore The Munday at San Pietro The Tuesday at San Paolo The Wednesday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The thursday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Friday at Santa Maria Rotonda The Saturday before the Octave called Sabato in Albis at San Giovanni Laterano The Sunday of the Octave from Easter day called Domenica in Albis at San Pancratio The Feast of the Ascention at San Pietro The Vigil of the Pentecost at San Giovanni Laterano The Pentecost Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The Friday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli And the Saturday of this week of Penticost at San Pietro The Wednesday of the Feasts in September at Santa Maria Maggiore The Friday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Satturday at San Pietro Besides which there are other stations for every Feast of those Saints Apostles Martyrs Confessors or Virgines to whom any Church is dedicated in Rome and for the most part those Churches on the daies of their Feasts are visited with a multitude of People his S. himself often celebrating Masse or at least being then present atended by a great number of Cardinals and Prelates Of the Vatican Library of the Pope THe Vatican Library of the Pope is every day frequented by learned Men and meritoriously for that it is filled with the most antient books in all the Professions as well Greek Latine and Hebrew as other Languages writtten with the pen in Parchment And t is certainly to be admired that those Popes under so many disgraces negociations Foreign and civil Wars and sackings of Rome should still apply their chiefest study and pain in heaping together Books and preserving those collections Sixtus the 5th in our time beautified and aggrandized it wonderfully adjoining to it a noble Fabrick and causing most excellent pictures to be drawn about it Which Guglielmo Bianco a French Man praiseth in a singular Poem and Fryer Angelo Rocca by way of History treates of it diffusely As also Onofrio Panuino of the same Order Many great Scholars have only desired favour from the Pope as to publish an Index of the Greek and Latine Books extant in that Library that by this means recourse might be had to Rome from all parts both for the enlightning and correcting Authors who have been altogether unseen or are els printed full of errors This the noble City Augusta permitted and by that publique Index set forth in vited all to go thither for comparing the uncorrected for their amendment How many bookes have Francis the first and Henry the second Kings of France sent forth to light How many benefits have the Republique of Scholars had from the Grand Duke of Tuscanies Bibliotheque and how much more advantage would all the world receive from such an Index of the Pontifical Library which is of splendidly royal Other Libraries there are also in Rome as that of the Capitol That which appertained to the Cardinal Sirleto now to Cardinal Colonna valeued at 20000. Crownes That of the Family of Sforza and that of the Farnesi abounding with Greek Authors We pass by many Libraries of private persons no less replenished with rare Books as that of Fulvio
present a religious Person and a lover of Learned men BASSANO FRom Trento the way lies to Bassano travelling towards the East by the Valley of Sugana called by the Antients Euganea because a People of that name dwelt there This Plain is eighteen miles in length and two only in bredth whence you may go to Venice but 't is too long a journey Five Miles forth of Trent is situated the rich and populous Countrey of Perzene At the Head of the Valley near Primolano are the confines between the Venetians and Germans Upon the high Mountain of Primolano is there built a most strong Bulwark of the Venetians called Strada where a few Souldiers can repel the Dutch when ever they offer by violence or force to advance forwards At twelve miles distance from thence towards the East among the Alps is the City of Feltre by the which way at the right-hand-shore of the River Brent three miles distance from Scala is seated Cavolo a Fort of the Germans inexpugnable in respect that 't is founded upon a great Rock directly hanging over the high-way with a Fountain of living water in it whereto neither Man nor Goods can be mounted from the Earth unless fastned to a Rope and that wound up upon a wheel from which because 't is a very narrow way underneath between the Mountain and the River with small labour may their enemies be slain with Stones cast on them as they march along Thence five miles distant is the River Cisimone wch disembogues it self into the Brenta where the Dutch and Feltrini daily load great quantities of Timber and Wood as well for the use of Building as for firing which they afterwards transport to Bassano to Padoua and to Venice Seven miles distant from Bassano on the Right-hand-shore of the Brent lies the Countrey of Valstagna placed at the foot of the Mountains and famous for the Sawes there made thence distant three miles lies the Countrey of Campese where in the Church of the Fryers of Saint Benedict lies buried he that wrote la Macharonea Bassano lies at the foot of this streight Valley and is washed towards the West by the Brent called antiently Brenta or Brentesia the which hath its Sourse or head beyond the Alps of Trent twelve miles near Levego Over the Brent a little forth of the Gate of Bassano is built a great Bridge of Wood which conjoyns both the Rivers Between the Alps and this Castle there are some Hills which produce most abundantly all things requisite as well for necessary living as delicacy but most particularly they abound with Olives and precious Wines The River Brenta runs thorow the Territory of Vicenza passeth by the City of Padoua and in the end dischargeth it self by the Fenny or Moorish grounds into the Sea In this River they take excellent Fish as Trouts Pollard or Chieven Eyles Pyke Tench Lampreys Barbel and Crabfish In no place are the men more ingenuous in Merchandize than in this particularly in weaving of Cloth in turning most neatly in Ivory and in Carving in Nut-Trees There is never a year that they dress less than fifteen thousand pound weight of Silk and notwithstanding that that which is made in China is esteemed better than is made in any other part of the world nevertheless 't is known that this of Bassano is more subtile or thin and more light Hence the Family of the Carrareci drew their Original and Eccellino the Tyrant as also Lazaro surnamed Bassano a person not meanly learned nor less acquainted in the Greek tongue than in the Latine he lived a long time in Bologna with great satisfaction to the learned afterwards he rendred himself at Padoua to the end that he might illuminate those who were studious of good Letters At present Giacomo dal Ponte an excellent Lymner greatly illustrates this Country together with four of his Sons called vulgarly the Bassani Bassano hath under it twelve Towns which with it self contein to the number of twelve thousand Souls MAROSTICA AT three miles distance from Bassano towards the West is seated a strong place named Marostica a Castle built by the Lords of Scala near the Mountain and fortified with Walls and two Sconceâ—… Antiently this Castle stood in the neighbouring Mountain which looks towards the East where at this time are to be seen the Foundationâ—… Here the Air is most perfect and the Countrey as pleasant and produceth excellent fruits in great abundance but it most excels in Cherries of all sorts which are so infinitely pleasant and so well â—…elished that therefore in many places they are called Marosticane There are many Fountains of clear Water and thence about two miles is a Lake called Piola whose waters abate and rise in the same manner as they in the Golf of Venice with great admiration to the beholders The Inhabitants of this Castle are extreme contentious whereupon an Elegant Poet wrote thus Restat in Civibus Marii discordia vetus Quae cum Syllanis saevit in urbe viris Within this Castle are many Churches among which is that of Saint Bastiano where the Fryers of Saint Francis dwell wherein lies the Body of the blessed Lorenzuolo the Child Martyred by the wicked Jews who antiently there inhabited Francesco of the Family of the â—…reschi hath much illustrated this Castle who publickly Read the Civil Law in Padoua and likewise Angelo Mateaccio who hath composed some Books of the Laws At this present adds no small Fame to this his Countrey Prospero Alpino the most excellent Physician publique Reader of the first matter of Simples in the Academy of Padoua who hath written De plantis AEgypti De Opobalsamo and De Praesagienda vitâ—… morte AEgrotantium lately published And is now employed besides his publick Reading in composing and ripening some other noble Work for publick view Thorow the middle of this Castle runs the little River called Rozza whence about a mile passeth the Sillano so called because in Antient Language it signified a Stream of running water 'T is believed that the Antient Romans much frequented this Place for that the Inhabitants to this day retain certain Latine words though something corrupted Before the Church of Saint Floriano stand two Marble Stones of great antiquity upon the one whereof is written thus TI Claudio Caes. M. Salonius ⸫⸫ es Martina Chara Conjux quae Venit de Gallia per mansiones L. Vi commemoraret memoriam Mariti sui Bene quiescas duleissime mi Marite TREVISO THe Antient City of Treviso is situated on the East of and at the distance from Bassano twenty five miles This City was founded by Osaride the third King of the Greâ—…ans who being adopted Son of Dionisius therefore conceded unto him AEgypt and Reigned in Italy ten years And because after his death there appeared to the AEgyptians an Ox they supposing it to be their King Osiris worsnipped it as a God and called it Apâ—… which in their language signifies an Ox for which reason
imaginary Coyn rising and falling at their pleasure The Citizens rich and poor wear a black Cap edged with fur on their heads and are habited commonly with a long black Gown with large sleeves with a kind of skirt to throw over one shoulder and their Collar alwaies open Their Ladies did formerly wear their own or a counterfet hair below the shoulders trimmed with gemms and flowers and mounted in their Chappenes high as a mans legg they walk between two handmaids to distinguish themselves from the Courtezans from whom the State for their free trade extract a great excise yeerly who go covered with a white veil of tiffany But of late yeers they use the French freedome both in habit and conversation much differing from the Italian restriction through their Jealousie We had almost forgot the Island of Zuecca distant from Venice one mile wherein vast Edifices as well for divine worship as for the use of the Citizens with stately Gardens discover themselves among the rest the Church del Redentore or of the Redeemer deserves a place even amongst the fairest of Venice for its splendor and sumptuousness being designed by Palladius the famous Architect and built by order and at the cost of the State by a unanimous Vow which they made in the yeer 1576 when they were infected with an extreme plague Which to denote over one of the Gates of the right side of the said Church we finde it thus written Christo Redemptori Civitate Gravi Pestilentia Liberata Senatus ex voto Here also is shewed some of the Coyns in Silver which were stamped by Duke Luigi Mocenigo in the Seaventh Year of this Republick The Journey from Venice to Milan by the Province of Marca Trivigiana and Lumbardy PADOUA TO goe from Venice to Padoua first they take Boat at Venice and row five Miles upon Sholes in the Gulf of Venice to Lizafusina so called from a Dutch word corrupted At which place the direct course of the River Brent was heretofore by the Lords of Venice artificially locked up to the end that running through those Pools and salt Moors it might not through time and continual running work down the neighbouring Grounds which to prevent there was an Engine erected called La Rota del Carro whereby with excellent Industry the Barkes with all their Lading and Merchandize were drawn up and transposed from out of these Pools or salt Moors into the River and out of the River in like manner into the Pools which at this time is taken away and for supply thereof the water is locked in with four several Flood-gates the first at Strà the second at Dolo the third at Mirà and the last at Moranzan From Lizafusina to Padoua they account four Miles whereby they travel either in Boats which are drawn up against the stream of the River or else by Land On each side of which River throughout appears a large and most fertile Campagna with a rich soyl embellished with stately and most sumptuous Palaces and lovely Gardens and no lesse beautified with the continual travelling of all sorts of People to and fro First they arrive at the Country of Oriago called in Latin Or a lacus because to this place extend the Moorish Grounds or sholes thence at Dolo and then at Strà Upon the left Hand stands the great Town of Gambarare so infinitely populous that t is almost incredible In the end they attain at Padoua PADOUA the Learned The ancient City of Padoua is seated in the Province belonging to Venice called Marca Trivigiana in the midst of a spacious Plain having the Sea at Twenty Miles distance on the East and South parts thereof Towards the West a large champion Country And towards the North the Mountains Euganei It is of a triangular form invironed with double Walls and very deep Ditches The Venetians have fortified it very much by the immense Walls and Bulwarks built by them according to the modern way of Discipline and Judgement in Warr. We need not produce Testimony from antient Writers to prove the Antiquity of this City nor that it was founded by Antenor Brother of Priam King of Troy and that it was denominated heretofore Pado either from Pò or Patavio of Paphlagonia because these things are notorious to all As also that Padoua was Head of the Province of Venice now Marca Trivigiana or Marquisate of Treves and that it was ever Friend and allied to Rome without any kind of subjection being extremely beloved and estemed not lesse for their Alliance or Parentage having their joynt Original from the Famous Troy than for the many services and kindnesse received from it Nor find we in any Author That Padoua was either subjugated overcome or molested by the Romans but that it alwayes stood free from the Roman Yoke and that it aided the Republick on many occasions And particularly at that time when Rome was taken by the Galli Sireni in the Warr against the Umbri Boi the Cimbri and at several other times So that it well merited and obtained the Franchise and Liberty of Citizens and Comunalty of Rome and to be inscribed in the Fabian Tribe of Rome without sending thither new Inhabitants or making it a Colony from whence the Padouans derived equal voice both Active and Passive and participated all the highest degrees of that great Sate And therefore we read in the Histories of Rome and in those of Padoua That many Padouan Houses transferred themselves to Rome as many Roman Houses to avoid the Civil dissentions translated themselves to Padoua We may then conclude it to be no great wonder that we find in so many ancient Writers and upon so many Marble Stones the Remembrance of so many Citizens of Padoua that were Roman Consuls as Quinto Attio Capitone Sesto Papinio Alenio L. Arontio Primo L. Stella Poeta L. Arontio Aquila Giulio Lupo L. Giulio Paulo the Expounder of the Law L. Ascanio Pediano Trasea Peto C. Cecinna Peto Pub. Quartio and some others Another Peto was designed Consul and Peto Honorato was Corrector of Italy so also many were Ediles Praetors Tribunes Censors Priests and chief Bushops It was then so great and powerful that they used to muster five Hundred Cavaliers or Horsemen And Strabo writes that they commonly sent to the wars one Hundred and twenty Thousand Foot Souldiers It maintained it self ever glorious and invincible until the Barbarous Nations made themselvs to be felt in Italy for at the time of the Roman Empires declination Padoua also indured the smart being by the most Potent Attila the Rod of God wholly ruinated and cast down even to the very Foundations And though after that it was restored by Narsete yet was it another time destroyed by the Longobardi But afterwards under Charles the Great and his Successors it began to fill it self and to take some small restoration This City was governed at first by Consuls and after with a Podestà or Provost at such time as it
of Minerva where as Polybius averrs this goddess was adored and reverenced with the greatest and most particular devotion whence many suppose this Ciry took its name for that in the antient Celtique and German tongues Magdalant signifies the Land or Country of a Virgin which opinion is likewise confimed by Andrea Alciato I. C. A veritable Author in all the sciences who in his Emblems writ this Epigram Quam Mediolanum sacram dixere puellae Terram nam vetus hoc Gallica lingua sonat Culta c Minerva fuit nunc est ubi nomine Tecla Mutato Matris Virginis ante Domum Santa Maria della Scala was founded by Regina Wife of the Visconte and enjoyned to be so called because she descended from the Family of the Scalaes of Verona It stands where was antiently the Palace of the Turriani And where the Church of Saint Dionigeis stood in old time a Dragon which then greatly afflicted the Country and destroyed many at last he was slain by Umberto Angiere who was thereupon created Viscont There are two Chapels in the Church of Saint Mark in one whereof is the most excellent Pictures of Lomazzo containing in one the Apostles Prophets Sibils and many other pourtraies In the other the fall of Simon Magus from Heaven which it represent as most horrible spectacle The Church of San Nazario contains certain proud Tombs of the illustrious Lords the Trivultii chiesly that of Giacomo of whom may be truly said He that never was quiet lies still here Near this Church they shew a red stone which they term the holy Stone wherein are cut the victories and trophies which Saint Ambrose gloriously obtained upon the Arrians in memory whereof to him was erected a Statue at the Gate Vico. The Church of S. Fedele is admirable no less for its beauty than for the Architecture of Pellegrino The Church of San Paola and San Barnabas for the Nuns is most noble where was first founded the Order of the reformed Priests of the beheaded Saint John They have one rare cross cut by Bramantino The Church of Santa Rosa is for the preaching Fryers who have the keeping of the holy Rosarie In the magnificent Temple of San Gottardo are excellently drawn the effigies of the Visconte where ly buried Azzone Visconte and Gio Maria the second Duke It s beautified with a stupendious Belfry and a fair Garden The Church of Saint Eustorgio the Bishop shewes a stately and sumptuous Sepulcher wherein ly the bones of San Pietro the Martyr A rich Tabernacle where is kept the head of Saint Eustorgio and the Tomb of the three Magi with this inscription Sepulchrum Trium Magorum where lay the Bodies of those Magi which were brought hither by Saint Eustorgio in Anno 330. when he came last out of the East but many yeers after this City being destroyed by Fedrick Barbarossa in Anno 1163. These Bodies were conveyed to Colonia Agrippina by Rodolphus the Arch-Bishop now they keep in that Sepulcher the Body of Eustorgio with many reliques of other Saints Martyrd there for the Faith of Christ. Here also are kept the Ashes of many noble Milanesians inter alia of Matteo Visconte first Duke of Milan and of Gio Merula a most Learned Man who was interred with geeat pomp in the time of Ludovico Sforza with this Epitaph on his Tomb. Vixi aliis inter spinas mundique procellas Nunc sospes coelo Merula vivo mihi Over the Gate of the Convent of the preaching Fryers from whom many excellent Theologians have issued is placed the Pulpit wherein Saint Petre the Martyr being preaching to the People at noon day in Midsummer obtained by his Merits and the instance of his Prayers that a Cloud hung over the Auditors in manner of an Umbrella preserving them from that intollerable heat near the said Church gusheth out the fountain of Saint Barnabas where though an unpolished place he baptized and said Mass of which water who drinks is immediatly delivered from the malignity of any Feaver The Temple of S. Lorenzo formerly dedicated to Herode was much more sumptuous than the abovenamed Churches which in the yeer 1085. being in great part burnt received great damage in the Mosaick of Gold and in the destruction of many Brass figures about the Pillars The royal Church of Saint Aquilino founded by â—…lacida Sister of Honorius the Emperor and wife to Constantine shewes on its Front fair Marble Colums and within as noble Pillars of Porphiry In the Church of Stephano was flain with many stabs the Duke Caleazzo Maria Sforzo In S. Giovanni lies the Tomb of Barnabo Visconte Prince of Milan The Church of S. Statiro and Celso is proud of the excelling Genius and Architecture of Bramante the Limner of Urbin in many works he wrought there The Front of that of Saint Mary of its excellent Statues wrought with so much art that all conclude it impossible to equal them and that of the Peace or Pace of its rare painting of the history of the blessed Virgin and her Father by the hand of Gaudentius and moreover the Virgin her self painted by Marco Uglono the Painter which stand near the Cross and lively expresseth a real sorrow In the Church of Saint Francis is a Tablet of the conception together with Saint Gio the Baptist a Child adoring our Lord so well done by the hand of Vincio that they cannot be paralleled In the Church della Passione is a stupendious piece of the celebration of the last Supper where is truly represented the amazement of the Apostles by Christofero Cibo In the Church delle Gratie founded by Germano Rusca and aggrandized by Ludovico Sforza is painted in a Tablet the Picture of our Lord crowned with Thorns by Titian the worthy of eternal memory about the Cupula are Angels formed by Gaudentius whose vestments are rarely wrought and in another place Sain Paul painted writing and contemplating Herein lies buried Beatrice the Dutches so well beloved by Ludovico her Husband that he vowed never to sit at table again at eating and lived so a yeer about One Epitaph over the Gate of the Cloysters artificially made shall be here inserted Infelix partus amissa ante vita quà m in lucem ederet infelicior quod matri moriens vitam ademi parentem consorte sua orbavi in tam adverso fato hoc solum mihi potest jucundum esse quod Divi parentes ne Ludovicus Beatrix Mediolanen Duces gennere 1497. tertio Non. Ianuarii In this Church lies Giovanni Simonetta who wrote the history of the Sforzeschi and Giulio Camillo a most Learned Man whose Epi taph placed on another door of the Cloysters followes Iulio Camillo Viro ad omnia omnium scientiarum sensa mirificam eruenda adscientias ipsam in suum ordinem aptè constituendas natura mirè facto qui apud Dominicum Saulium Idibus Maii 1544. repentino mortuus concidit Dominicns Saulius amico desideratissimo posuit Which Church is possessed by the preaching Fathers
Marqueses have proceeded but also many Cardinals Bishops and other prelates with most learned men of whom are Sadoleto and Segonio whose works are of note to all It continued a long time in liberty as did the other Cities of Lumbardy but is at present subject to the Dukes of Estè who by their constant residence much ennoble and enrich it they here Make Vizards and Targets much esteemed through Italy Forth of Modena towards the South under the Appenines stands Formegine Spezzano and ten miles off it Sassulo a noble and civil Castle with a sumptuous Palace of the Family of Pia washed by the River Secchia where stands a fair Church dedicated to the blessed Virgine whither resort infinite People to obtain Graces Upon the said Mountain are many other Villages and Hamlets which also may be seen on that part of Modena towards the East These Castles heretofore subject to several Lords and particularly to them of Monte who were then very potent in these Countreys and possessed all the placs in the Graffignana which confines with Bologna and among them Sestola and Fanano Then going Westward you see the Alpes of San Pelligrino and the Castle Aquario famous for its Baths After turning to the South by these Mountains runs the Tyrrehene Sea somewhat further near Bologna on the Banks of the River Panaro appears Castle Vetro and Spilimberto of the Signori Rangori whence four miles you finde Vignola a Town honoured with a Marquisate subject to the Signori Boncompagio which Town confines with the Bolognian territories Towards the North is seated Correggio at 12. miles distance thence and somewhat further the most noble Castle or rather Imperial City Carpi which may very well be paralleld to many Cities both for the great and ingenuous People and the superfluity of all things necessary It hath the title of a Principality and was a long time enjoyed by the Signori Pii but is at present By the Duke of Modena On the Eastern part of Modena is a Chanel upon which you may be conveied eight miles by Boat unto Finale then passing on the Panaro and entring the Poe they go to Terrara upon the River Pinaro where the Chanel runs into it stand Bon Porto and San Felice praised for good Wines Along the Via Emilia 3 miles distant from Modena passeth the River Panaro near which are the confines between the Modonesi and the Bolognesi in which place Claudius the Consul copeing with the Enemies took 15000. Prisoners and 700. Liguri moreover in the same place Rotari King of the Longobardi routed the Roman Army and slew seven thousand of them There also the Army of the Modonesi being discomfited by the Bolognesi Enzo King of Sardegna Son of Frderick the second was taken Prisoner On the other side of the Panaro is Novantola with an antient and noble Monastery founded by Anselino Kinsman of Astolfo King of the Longobards having been a worthy Captain in their Army and there quitting this World created himself Captain of a thousand Monkes endowing the place with store of Goods and Revenues about the yeer of our Salvation 780. It was afterwards restored by the Countess Matilda and is inhabited by many Monks who have Jurisdiction as far as Spain wherein are kept the body of Saint Adrian the Pope and some part of S. Silvester with many othet Reliques and some antient Books particularly the Breviary of the said Matilda Near the Via Emilia between Bologna and Novantola stands S. Agata a Castle built be Barbarossa the Emperor and Crevalcore formerly called Allâ—…gra Cuore where twice the Armies of Bernabo Visconte Lord of Milan were overthrown Then one comes to San Giovanni a Countrey yeelding Wheat and other Grains On the left side of the Emilian Way are seen Castiglione and Casile Franco 15. miles from Bologna in which Territory was lately raised an inexpugnable Fort by Pope Urban the 8th from whose name t is denominated Urbano Near which is the Foro de Galli where Irtio and Pansa the Roman Consuls fighting with M. Antonius obtained a glorious Victory but with it their mortal wounds whereof they both dyed in the same place Then appear Piumanio Bazano and Crepellano pleasant Castles seated on those little Hills at the Feet of the Apenines On the left side of the Emilian Way five miles distant from Bologna is the River Lavino and Ghironda which joyning togeher encompass Forcelli in a triangular form at one miles distant from the Via Emilia where Octavianus Marcus Antonius and Marcus Lepidus parted the Monarchy between themselves which Forcelli seems now a Peninsula though it may be perceived to have been an Island afterwards these two Rivers throw themselves into the Poe About a mile before you arrive at Bologna there is a very long Bridge built of Stone which reacheth from the one side of the River to the other whence to Bologna is an easiy mile BOLOGNA la Grassa or BOLONIA the Fatt BOlogna was antiently head of the 12. Cities which the Tuscans possessed on that side of the Apenines who being driven out by the French and the French by rhe Romans it became a Colony of the Romans who sent thither 3000. men to inhabit After the Romans it was subjected to the Graecians the Longobards and to the Esarcato of Ravenna Afterwards recovered liberty like the other Cities of Lumbardi at which time the wicked factions of the Lambertazzi and Geremei arose and reduced it to great misery and servitude which their sufferings caused them to recommend themselvs to the Roman chief Bishop Afterwards to the Pepoli Visconti Bentivogli and finally it wholly put it self under the wings of the Pope who now enjoys it with peace It is situated at the Foot of the Apenines in the midst of the Via Emilia placed according to â—…tolomeo in the 6th Climate at 33. degrees and a half having the said Apenines on the South the Via Emilia or Roman Way on the East and the pleasant and fertile Campagna leading to Ferrara and Venetia on the North At its beginning t was formed a small City according to the accustomed manner of the Ancients with two only Gates the one towards Rome the other towards Lumbardi Afterwards in the time of Gratian the Emperour they adjoyned two other Gates and at the restauration which San Petronio made after the destruction by Theodosius they made 9. Gates as some say 12. as others where now are extant certain little Turrets called Turrosetti At last enlarged as at this day the said Gates were made twelve and was so much encreased that certain yeerspast being measured within the Walls Its circuit was found to be 5. miles in length two miles want a quarter and in bredth one mile from the Port S. Mammola to the Port Galliera It is formed in the similitude of a Ship more long thaâ—…broad at one side shewing the figure of a Prow and at the other that of a Poop having in the
of it On the left side of the said Lake is Orvieto Cagnarea and Tevere all Cities On the right the City Soana the birth place of Pope Gregory the 7th at present almost uninhabited Petigliano and Farneso appertainning to the noble Family of Farnesi in Rome somewhat further is the City Castro of the said Farnesies so surrounded with Rocks and Cavernes that it appears to the Enterers rather an obscure Den for wilde beasts than habitations for Men. From whence walking towards the Sea you finde Orbello Talamoni Monte Argentaro and Port Ercole all stately places subject to the King of Spain On whose right-hand they shew the noble Castle Tuscanello subject to the See of Rome so antient that if it be permitted to beleeve them they say it was built by Askanius Son of Eneas and upon one of the ports appears an old Marble with an Epitaph carved thereon shewing his Original and descent As also the City Cornetto by the antient Tuscans dedicated to Pan whose stately antique Walls shew it to have been an honourable City Pope Gregory the fifth was born there Giovanni Vitalesco a Cardinal and Father Mutio a Jesuite with many other famous Men seaven miles off Cornetto stands Civita Vecchia on the Sea shore a fortified Port. On the left hand of the Via Regia lies Horti an antient City which is the Tuscan boundarie Further off is Tevere and the Lake Basanello in Latine Lacus Vadimonis and hereabouts stands Bassanello Castello Magliano Civita Castellana Galese and the Via Flaminia which leads from Rimini to Rome In the way from Bolsena to Rome is the Grove Monte Fiascone where the Antients with great ceremony and solemnity were wont to sacrifice to the Goddess Giâ—…one near which stands the old City Mionte Fiascome which was a long time besieged by Camillus who was not able to reduce it for the strength of its site It s Territory yeelds Moscatella Monte Fiascone being passed you enter a large and pleasant Plain in which stands Viterbo antiently called Vetulania but Desiderius the King having inclosed it Longhola Tussa and Turrenna within one Wall by his Edict yet to be read in a white Marble Tablet in the Palace of Viterbo commanded it to be called Viterbo t is head of the Church Patrimony and behind it lies Monte Cimeno T is adorned with stately Edifices amongst which the Domo is famous where four Popes ly buried Iohn the 21. Alexander the 4th Adrian the 5th and Clement the 4th and the Church Santa Rosa wherein that Saints body is kept entire an admirable Fountain casting out great quantity of water This City was a long time subject to the Vecchi and Gotti its Citizens who driven out it submitted to the Pope T is well inhabited with a civil people and abounds with Corn Oyl Wine and Fruits in its Territory are eleven Rivers which store it with excellent Fish It wants not Baths of warm water among the rest those of Bolicano are named for their Miraculous virtue A mile forth the City stands the Church Quierria dedicate to the Virgin Maria finally it hath afforded Men of excelling Judgements From this City you ascend the Mountain Viterbo called Mons Cyminus by the Latins upon which is the Castle Canepina near thereto stood formerly the Castle Corito built by Corito King of Tuscany whose foundations yet remain there also was then a thick and terrible Wood through which none durst pass no more than the Calidonian or Hercinian Wood but at present the Trees are cut and a way comodiously layed out At the Foot of this Mountain towards the South is the Lake Vico in Latin called Lacus Cyminus near it stands the Village Viro and the Castle Soriano where there was an inexpugnable Fort whence for 60 yeers the Brittons Souldiers could not be expelled Pursuing the way towards Rome you finde Ronciglione which hath a lovely Fountain and Caprinica inhabited by 500. Families beyond which lies Sutri an antient City built as is believed by the Pelasgi a Grecian people before Saturnus came into Italy The Romans taking the advantage of this City assaulted the Tuscans and overcame an Army of 60 thosand Tuscans Spoletines and Ombri It s ill ayr renders it near uninhabited Beyond Ronciglione lies Caprarola a Castle of the Farnlsies where whatever can be desired for Recreation is competently pro vided for by Cardinal Alexandro Farnese Not far distanr from it is Civita a City now of smal importance though antiently because they would not assist the Romans then afflicted by Hannibal we find them by the Romans condemned al Doppio Passing on the Via Regia one meets Rofolo a Bourg adjacent to a Lake of immense profundity two miles beyond it Campagnana and npon the same way a standing Pool where was Cremera a Castle built by the Fabii and destroyed by the Vesenti here weâ—…eslain in one day by the said Vesenti 500. Servants and 300. persons of that Family for having privatly complotted an insurrection for their Country Rome against them one Childe sleeping in a Cradle escaped and became the restorer of the Fabii in Rome More forward stands the Town Baccano and the Wood called Bosco di Baccano which was lately a harbour for Assassinates and other people disposed to ill whence it grew into a proverb when we would advise any one to stand uppon his guard to say Perche siamo nel Bosco de Baccano but through the vigilance and care of the late Popes t is almost a secured passage On the right-hand stands Anguillara a Town of much Fame whose Lords having behaved themselves gallantly have acquired to themselves and Country eternal honour The Signori Orsini possesse it and Bracciano which is entitled a Dutchy From the aforenamed Lake runs the River Arone whence the Romans convey by pipes the water they called Sabatina from the Lakes name Sabatina Towards the Sea lies the Monastery Santo Severa made now a Fort and Ceri a Castle upon the shore On the left hand of the Via Regia lies the Via Flaminea and six miles beyond Beccano Isola then Storta two Towns and thence t is seaven miles to Rome One may also travail from Bologna to Rome on the Via Emilia and so pass Imola Faenza Forli Cesena and Rimini IMOLA IMola called in Latine Forum Cornelii enjoyes a good Ayr a fruitful Territory a commodious situation for all things Narsetes in the yeer of Christ 550. destroyed it but Dasone second King of the Longobardi restored it and called it Imola Galeazzo Sforza Son of Francis Duke of Milan possessed it and gave it in Dowry to Girolamo Riario Savonese in Anno 1473. some time after t was taken forcibly by Cesar Borgia Son of Pope Alexander the 6th finally after several other Lords it became under the power of the Church who yet keep it in peace Martial the famous Poet resided here for
been under several Lords in Anno 1527. it became a part of the Church Patrimony and so continues Whence you must passe the River Savio in whose Port Caesar Octavianus prepared a great Armada and then to the River Pistatello formerly called Rubicone famous not only for that the Romans made it the bound of two Provinces calling the one towards Rome Italia and the other towards the Alpes Gallia Cisalpina and commanded that no Commander of what quality soever should presume to pass that River towards Rome with armed Souldiers but also for that Iulius Caesar afterwards against the determination of the Senate and people of Rome conducted his Army over that River towards Rome where he first consulted by reason of the dangerous consequence might ensue so rash a Deed and in the end resolved and passed saying Eatur quo Deorum ostenta inimicorum iniquitas vocant Iacta sit alea and upon his demurr there he saw certain Birds fly called Augurii which to his Judgement seemed to invite him to transport those Souldiers he had commanded in France to commence a War against Rome his Mother and Country Travailing from Ravenna to Rimini on one hand lies the Sea and on the other fertile and pleasant Fields the Via Flaminia and Alpes at whose Feet stands the stately City Forli FORLI T Is believed that after Asdrubal was slain by the Roman Consul Livio Salinatore then united with Claudius Nero certain old Souldiers built a Castle and called it Livio in honour of the said Livius the Consul a mile and halfe's distance from where Forli now stands but because in the Via Maestra there was a fair Town wherein they made their Mart for Merchandize and Seat of Judicature for that cause called Foro they say that the Inhabitants of Livio after some time cousidering that t was more comodious to inhabite the said Town than their Castle Livio agreed with the Townes men to cohabite together and accordingly by Common consent with leave of Augustas which was easily obtained through the mediation of Livia his consort and Cornelio Gallo a Liviese they conjoyned those two names Foro and Livio and for brevity called the place Forli which in Latine by the name clearly appears being called forum Livii which union was made in the time that our Lord Christ was being on the Earth and 208. yeers after the first foundation of the Castle Livio Forli is placed between the Rivers Ronco and Montone enjoyes a delicate ayr with a most fertile Country in Wines Oyls Corn and Fruit together with Coriander seed Anniseed Cumin-seed and Woad in great abundance The men of Forli are for the most part gallant beyond measure and retains the martial disposition of their first Founders It was a long time subject to the Romans after them to the Bolonians and because four Bolonians banished out of Bolonia were courteously entertained in Forli the Bolonians raised a great Army against them but in a Battail received such an overthrow by the Forlesi that they never could raise their heads after it whereby the Bolonians power being abated the Forlesi yielded themselves up to the Roman Church from whome afterwards revolting Martin the 4th dismantled it and threw down the Walls consigning it to the Family Monfredi from whom it passed to the Ordelasi who again Walled it round but Sistus the 4th gave it to Giorlamo Biario Savonese whom Caesar Borgia Son of Alexander the 6th expelled and and took it by force of Arms but at last in the time of Giulius the second it again returned to the Church under whom to this day it continnes in peace and fidelity it hath yielded many learned and brave men as Guidon Bonato Rainiero Biondi and others BRITTONORO ABove Forli stands Brittonoro called in Latine Forum Trijarinorum this City is built upon a hill and above it hath a strong Fort fatal to Frederick the second it was a Town but created a City at the instance of Egidius Carrilla a Spanish Cardinal and Legate of Italy who having destroyed Forlimpopoli transferred thence his Episcopal Seat to Brittonoro in Anno 137. it participates a most happy Ayr and rich Country in Olives Figgs Vynes Fruitful Trees and good Waters It hath one place erected intentionally for a prospect where you have a full view of the Adriatick Sea of Dalmatia Croatia Venetia and all Romagna at one instant Barbarossa the Emperor at the instance of Pope Alexander the third being reconciled to the Venetians for this beautiful prospects sake requested Brittonora of the Pope for his habitation but the Pope perpending the constant fidelity of this People to the Sea of Rome prevayled with the Emperor by fair words not to take from the Churches government a place that in all occasions had demonstrated so sincere a Faith to it and so it continued under it till Alexander the 6th consigned it to Caesar Borgio his Son after whom the civil discords had almost destroyed it its Inhabitants being so prone to Arms that they know not how to live in Peace Finally Clement the seaventh consigned it to the Family Pii who yet enjoy it FORIMPOPOLI A Mile and halfe from Brittonoro on the Via Emilia stand Forlimpopoli called in Latine Forum Popilii which is one of the four Fori recorded in Pliny on the Via Emilia T was a City but in the year 700. Vitaliano being Pope Griomaldo King of the Longobardi secretly entred it on the Sabbath day when all the People with the Bishop were at Divine Service and slew all the Males and Females which done he sacked the City and levelled it with the ground It was afterwards renewed by the Forlinesi and again destroyed by Egiddio Carilla the Popes Legate dwelling in Avignone who in the yeer 1370. plowed it and sowed it with salt for its utter extirpation transferâ—…ng the Episcopal Seat to Brittonoro as afore aid twenty yeers after which Sinibaldo Ordelafo Lord of Forli repaired it and built the formidable Castle now there It enjoyes a good ayr fertile Fields and a great Ferry affording ample profit Bofello a most holy man of of stupenduous miracles was its Bishop in the Catalogue of Saints whose holy bones now lye in the Church called Santa Lucia Antonel lo Armuzzo with his Sons Meleagro and Brunoro much honoured this Country who by his Genius and strength from a mean person acquired the dignity of being Captain of the Popes Cavalry SARSINA NEar Forlumpopoli is seated the City Sarsino at the foot of the Appenines whose Citizens furnished 20000. Armed Souldiers in supply to the Romans against the French when they made a most furious eruption over the Alpes into Italy Its ayr is healthfull and Territory abounds with Olivs Vines and other fruitful Trees It continued a long time under Malatesti but when Rimini became subject to the Church Sarsina yeelded with it afterwards Leo the 10th bestowed it on the house of Pii this City gave birth to Vicino Bishop of Liguria a most holy man
come near him as is recorded in the 34th Chapter of Exodus To return then to our subject The Persian Kings had a Crown to be worn on their heads which Zonara sets down in greek by its proper name which can neither be commodiously expressed either in Latin or vulgar tongue and it was a capital offence among the Persians for any one to put the Kings Crown upon his head as Dion Chrysostomus denotes in his first oration De libertate servitute Likewise the priests of the Gentiles wore a crown upon their heads for demonstration of that repute which appertained to the splendidness and maintenance of their Sacerdotal office whence the Antients were stupified at a suddain view of the great Priest of the Comani to whom as Strabo writes was granted the first honour next the King and to wear a Royal Crown Besides in Emesa a City of Phoenicia the Priests went clad with a long robe having a Crown of pretious stones of various colours in token of Majesty upon their heads Which Ornament Antoninus being made Emperor of the Romans by the multitude the Souldiery and the Priests of the Sun would not part with again as Herodianus in libro quinto clearly proves and so afterwards the Emperors of Constantinople triumphing elected this ornament which was called by a proper name as we read in the life of Basilius Porfirogenitus Triumphum duxit tiara tecta quam illi tuphum appellant although some modern Authors call it Calipora as saies Niceforus Gregorius in libro sexto Or Bishops then having two royal Dignities to wit the spiritual and temporal deservedly wear a double crown as Innocent the third in his third sermon De coronatione Pontificis confirms saying that the Popebears the Mitre in token of the spiritual power and the Crown in testimony of the Temporal both which are conferred upon him by God omnipotent King of Kings and Lord of Lords But let us examine a little whether the Mitre and the Crown are Ornaments adapted to the Ecclesiastical customs The mitre by Suidas is called the swathe or Fillet of the head bound about with gold and silver as Brissonius explains and Eusebius in his second book the first Chapter calls it a shelter with which Saint James the Apostle called the Brother of our Lord was suddainly adorned when by the Apostles he was chosen and consecrated Bishop of Jerusalem which Ornament although it took beginning with Aaron Priest of the Hebrew Law is nevertheless received into the Christian Church to the end that therewith the Bishops of all Nations may be adorned Policrates Ephesinus wore the Mitre as Eusebius in the 31st Chapter of the third Book relates as Priest of Ephesus and likewise the other Priests wore almost all the Ornaments of the antient Priests as the Robe and the Mitre that they might appear the more adorned and majestick saies Eusebius in his Book whereof Amalarius Rabanus and others the gravest Authors treat more amply What we have spoken touching the Mitre is without contradiction and is held for truth by the consent of many and sundry Nations but what is to be spoken touching a Kingdome and a Royal Crown is not so perspicuous to all wherefore to our best power we will endeavour to manifest the same Then first is to be observed that t is the common opinion of all that this sort of Ornament upon the head of the Pope had its original from the Emperor Constantine the Great as appears in the Acts of San Silvestre the Pope the same opinion is also embraced by all other Roman Bishops as by Leo the ninth in the 13. chapter of his Epistle against the presumption of Michaele and Innocent the third in his first Sermon of the blessed Silvester confirms That Constantine the great at his departure from Rome to Constantinople would have bestowed his own Crown upon San Silvester which he refused but in lieu thereof put a covering upon his head entirely circular and a little after Innocent follows in words to this sence And for this cause the Roman Bishop in testimony of Empire wears a Regal crown called in Latin Regnum and in testimony of his Pontificacy he wears a Mitre which is most convenient for him in all times and places universally because the spiritual power hath been ever esteemed for the Prior more worthy and more great then the Temporal And reason will yeeld that San Silvester would not wear that Crown but such a one as only covered the Temples in respect his head was shaven as the Popes ought to be Which shaving gave good reason that t was not decent to wear such a Diadem but rather that circular covering which he chose named properly Tiara Phrigia whereof Juvenal speaks in his sixth satyr saying Et Phrygia vestitur buca tiara Which Ornament may be supposed to be borrowed either from Phrygia or Phoenicia as we please because the Phrigians had their original from the Phoenicians And that this was given the Pope by the Emperor Constantine the great is most evident in the Acts of San Silvester where the Emperor reckons up those things that he had bestowed on the Pope and being come to this gives it the name Phrygium as t was its proper name but in respect t was not manifest to all what thing Phrygium denoted he explains himself in the sence by us set down saying et Phrygium nempe tegmen capitis sive Mitram This particular required so much explanation for that Theodorus Balsamones confounding the signification of Phrygium by joining it with the subsequent Lorum which imports a perfect different thing hath caused many to erre in beleeving that Phrygium and Lorum put together do denote Pallium the Cope which Arch Bishops wear by the concession of the highest Bishop But t is not convenient for us to dwell longer upon the dispute let the intelligent read the latin Itinerary in this place where they 'l meet an ample discourse upon the significations of these words Other authors will have that this Crown came not from Constantine but from Clodoveo as they labour to draw from Segeberto under the yeer of our Lord 550. who speaks to this sence Clodoveus the King received from Anastasius the Emperor the Codicils of the Consulacy a Crown of Gold with Jewels and the red garment and on that day he was called Consul and King but the same King sent to Saint Peter at Rome the Crown of Gold with the Jewels the Royal Ensigne which is called Regnum Armonius also confirms in his first book the 24th Chapter that from Clodoveus the Pope had the Crown and Anastasius the Library Keeper under Pope Hormisda testifies that Saint Peter received many gifts In whom I have read that in the yeer 776 that Philip the first Pope and Constantine the second Pope were both consecrated in San Peters Church but we must observe that the antient Authors under the word consecration understand also the ceremony of coronation for that when they
the way that led to Cuma Her bath yet stands and her Chambers painted in Mosaick woâ—…k yet all under ground as most of the aforesaid Antiquities except the Temples are CUMA Leaving the Lake Avernus you find on the way among the ruines of the City Cuma now altogether undone desert great foundations and ruines of Towers Temples and Edifices of importance On the top of the mountain are yet the footsteps of a Temple of Apollo which in its time was infinitely celebrated and is taken notice of by Virgil and Servius his Commentator There is also an Arch built with brick now called Arco Felice the happy Arch of a stupendious high Vault through which the antients wrought an even way between two heads of Mountains Cuma was built by the Calcidensi a Graecian people of Negroponte who being arived in those Seas with their ships to seek out a Country for their habitation first landed in those near Islands called Pitherusa which lye over against Campania and were so denominated from the multitude of Apes thereon found and afterwâ—…rds taking courâ—…ge they passed over into the Terra â—…irma where they built this City Cuma calling her by this name either from one of their Captains so called or from the Procurator in those maritimate Coasts or from its good augury they there met with to wit a woman great with child the which confirmed them in their determination to dwell there as Strabo Dionysius and Livy relate for to all these sences Cuma in Greek considering its significations may be well applyed These people lived a long time governing their Republique with prudence and increased so much that Pozzuolo Paleopoli and Naples became part of their Colony we read that the Cumani were under Tyrants before the Romans expelled their Kings but this happened not through their being subjugated by any but because they chose to themselves a head and chief to obey who after the Greek manner was called Tyranno that is Lord one of which was Aristodemo Malaco elected for his meer valour as Livy and Dionysius Halicarnasseus write for that with a small party he overcame a great nnmber of Tuscans Ombrians and Ausonians enemies of the Cumani and slew with his own hand Arunte the Son of Porsenna their Captain To which Aristodemns say the same Authors Tarquinius Superbus expelled Rome fled for safety and by him being well accepted he ended his daies in Cuma Afterwards the Cumani were overcome and for some time evilly intreated by the Campani saies Strabo but in subsequent times there being no Forts strong enough to resist the Romans all those people were at one instant of time reduced under the said Romans who set a Praefect over the City Cuma for that that people would too obstinately have fought for defence of their Liberty Afterwards that City run retrograde loosing its splendour and inhabitants for that the Romans by their greatnesse measuring their pride possessed themselves of all that Campania or Country erecting therein their luxurious and most sumptuous Palaces which not only obscured Cuma but all the adjacent Cities who being bereaved of their Land first fayled of Inhabitants and at last became desolate yet Cuma was the last of those Cities that underwent this desolation by reason that being built upon a mountain when the Roman Empire began to feel its tottering condition by the frequent in roads of the barbarous Nations into Italy Cuma for the commodity of its site was reduced into a Fortresse which caused Agathia Mireneus in his first book of the Gothick warr to say â—…hat Cuma in his time was very strong almost impregnable through its many grosse Towers walls and other fortifications and that for this reason Totila and Teja Kings of the Goths thither conveighed their Treasure as to a safe and secure place together with their most estimable and dearest things however Narsetes the Legate of Justinian the Emperor after a long siedge made himself Lord of it But at present nought hereof remains save only immense ruines foundations and profound Ditches cut into the hard stony rock with Chisels In the departure from Cuma you often fall upon parcels of the Via Domitiana now interrupted in many places and great Ruines of a stone Bridge raised over the Volturnus Domitian cau sed this way to be made beginning from the Via Appia between Minturue and Sinvessa and so leading to Cuma Statius Papinius in his Hendecasillibi or verses of eleven sillables makes mention of Cuma the above named bridge and a triumphal Arch of Marble placed on the same way whereof no fragments are now to be found LINTERNO And why now called the Tower of the Countrey ON the left hand of the Via Domitiana lye vast ruines of the old City Linternum of old a Colony of the Romans so in the midst of that t was called the Tower of the Countrey Campania which name it seems to have acquired from the places old successe and was ennobled by the remainder of dayes which Scipio Affricanus the Greater spent there after his voluntary banishment from his Countrey Rome Who being ill treated by his Citizens whom with their goods and estates he had defended from their Enemies and made them Lords of Spain and Affrick in disdain of so great ingratitude retired himself to his own Palace in this place that he might deprive his Countrey of himself living of his assistance by this means dealing with her as most ingratefull after his death commanding his body to be there entered expresly forbidding his bones to be transported to Rome as Livy Strabo Valerius Maximus Seneca and many others relate Pliny saith further in the last Chapter of the sixteenth book of his natural History that even to his tâ—…me they found in Linternum of the Olive trees planted by Scipio Affricanus and a â—…irtle of a notable largenesse under which was a Cave inhabited by a Dragon the guardian of Scipâ—…oes Soul from which fable arose this other which the Inhabitants tell of the Monte Massico so renowned for the wines it produced to wit thaâ—… in a certain â—…ave on the said mountain lay a Dragon who slew and devoured all such as approached to him and that t was therefore called Monte Dragone and the Castle standing thereon is called La Rocca di Monte Dragone Iu these quarters is a spring or fountain of which was wont to be sharp or sower water and as t was said would intoxicate â—…ut now it hath the tast of sweet and pure water and hath not the said effect of inebriating but when drunk cures the head-ache SINOPE or SINVESSA UNder the Castle Dragone stood the antient City Sinope first a Colony of the Greeks and afterwards made a Colony by the Romans calling it Sinvessa when they also made Minâ—…nrnum a near City another Colony by occasion of the warr they had against the Samniti in the four hundred fifty seventh yeer after Romes foundation Appius Claudius and L. Volturnius being Consuls the latter
and was present so much to his glory at the Councel of Basilea in the yeer 1440. It gave birth likewise to Galeozzo or Galeotto Bardasino whose vast body and strength acquired him the title of a Gyant of whose prowesse and noble Acts of Chevalry we have as large relations as any our Romances attribute to their Heroes The City Leontina or Leontio antiently inhabited by the Lestrigones was the birth place of Georgia the Philosopher and Orator and Agathone the Tragick Poet and since the faith of Christ planted there Alfio Filadolfio Cirino became Martyrs for it From the City Megara came Theo genes the Poet and Epicarmo the Comick Poet and Inventor of Comedies SYRACUSA Syracusa antiently the Metropolis of Sicilia and enobled by ma ny titles gave birth to many eminent men in all the sciences as to Theocrito the Bucolick Poet Filalao the Pythagorean Filomone the Comick Poet in the daies of Alexander the Great another Philomene a Comick who also had a Son of the same name and profession Sofrone a Comick in the daies of Euripides Corace one of the prime Inventors of the Art of Oratory and his Disciple Cesia no lesse eminent in Oratory Dione Siracusano who wrote of the Art of Rhetorick Sofane the Tragick Poet Epicarmo the most learned continued alwaies in Syracusa and at his death had a statue erected in honour of him Fotino the Comick Poet Carmo the Poet Menecrates the Physician and Philosopher Filosseno the Lyrick Callimaco who wrote in verse concerning this Island Mosco the Grammarian Jaceta the Pihlosopher Antioco the Historian Filisto an Historian and Father of Dionygio the Tyrant Callins the Historian Theodore the Philosopher who wrote of the Art of Warr Archetimus a Philosopher and Histo rian Archimede a Philosopher and excelling Mathematician with many others Amongst the holy Martyrs it afforded Lucia the Virgin and Stefano the third Pope From the County of Nea came Ducetio King of Sicilia Giovanni Aurispa a famous writer Antonio Cassarino a surpassing Orator Giovanni Martasio a most celebrated Poet and here also is the sepulchre of San Corrado the Placentian to whose merits they Fable many miracles From Agrigento a famous City issued the Conquerour in the Olympick games before Diodorus and Phalaris here exercised his cruel Tyranny which begot him the surname of Tyrant hence also proceeded Creone and Acrone both Philosophers and Physicians Polo the Orator Dinoloco a Comick Archino a Tragick Poet Sofocles and Xenocorate to whom Pindarus entituled two of his Odes In the City Therme now called Sacra were born Agathocles King of Syracusa and Thomaso Fazellio of the order of San Domenico who wrote the affairs of Sicilia in a large volume PALERMO THe City of Palermo is the fairest of all the others of this Island and at present the Metropolis and Regal Seat of which much will here be spoken she gave birth to Andrea the most antient and noble Philosopher who wrote the Civil history of the Sicilians but it was much more illustrated for the first breath it afforded to the Saints Oliva Nimfa both Martyred for the Faith of Christ Antonio called the Palermitan of the Knightly Family of Beccatelli of Bologna an Orator a noble Poet much ēdeared to all the Princes of his time When also flourished Pietro Ranzano of the Preaching order a Divine an Oratour and a famous Poet and at last Bishop of Lucera It bred also Monsignior Jacomo Lomellini its ArchBishop a learned Prelate and of great integrity of Life Sicily nourished also many other famous persons as well antient as modern as Sthenio Thermitano the defender of the Cities of Sicilia Stesicoro one of the new Lyricks of Greece Diodoro surnamed Siculo a famous and renowned Historian whose life the Author hereof hath wrote at large in another Treatise Thomaso Caula a Laureat Poet and many others Sharp and long wars were waged for the possession of this Island between the Romans and Carthaginians but the Romans at length remained Conquerours and reduced her into a province at the overthrow of Hie rone by Claudius Marcellus the Consul who was the last of those Tyrants under whom she had then tofore been subjected Then t was governed by Praetors till it fell into the power of the Emperors and Charles the great in which time the Empire and world being divided Sicilia Calabria and Puglia remained in obedience to the Emperors of Constantinople under whom it continued till Niceforus bcame Emperor in whose Reign the Saracens possessed it and Puglia the Mount Saint Angelo Nocero with other places in the yeer DCCCCXIIII hence they made frequent incursions into Calabria and to the very walls of Naples and Garigliano against whom Pope John the tenth with Alberico Masalpina his Kinsman great Duke of Tuscany armed themselves and with much difficulty and great slaughter drove them into the Monte Santo Angelo Which Alberico was Son of Alberto brother of Guido grand Marquesse of Tuscany some of whose medals I have seen with their Teste or Motto and on the reverse the flourishing Thorn tree the Arms of that Family in the hands of the Marquesse Lodovico Masalpina a Gentleman no lesse facetious then curious in collections The Saracini one hundred yeers after their in road into Italy were drove out by the Normandi who were Counts of Sicilia who for forty three yeers increased their Empire with much felicity till Ruberto Guis cardo seized Puglia in his own name and Sicilia in right of his Brother Ruggieri whereupon Pope Nicholas the second conceded to him the Title of Duke and created him Feudatory of the Church which was afterwards confirmed by Gregory the seventh who by him was freed from the injuries of Harry the third After whom Guglielmo the second was by Innocent the 4th created the first King to whom succeeded Gulielmo the third who deceasing without issue the Kingdome was usurped by one Taucredi a bastard of the Family of Guiscardi against whom Pope Clement and Celestine the third opposed themselves in the end Celestine gave Costanza the daughter of Ruggier the second a Nun in Palermo for wife to Henry the Son of Frederick the Emperor with the Title and right claim of the Kingdome whereupon Henry made war against Tancredi besieged and flew him in Naples and so succeeded in this Kingdome and Empire of his Father After whom followed Frederick the second his Son then Manfredo the bastard Son of Frederick got the Kingdom but was thence drove out by Charls of Anjou Brother of Saint Lewis King of France being called in and invested therein by the Pope under which Charls the Sicilians being complotted with by Pietro d' Arragona who married Costanza daughter of Manfredo at the sound of the Vespers Bell cut in peices all the French which were in Sicilia by which means Pietro became Lord of the Island which happened in the yeer 1283. By which occasion arose many contests and wars betwixt the Arragonians and the Anjouans for the