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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13748	The examinacion of Master William Thorpe preste accused of heresye before Thomas Arundell, Archebishop of Ca[n]terbury, the yere of ower Lord .MCCCC. and seuen. The examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell Lorde Cobham, burnt bi the said Archebisshop, in the fyrste yere of Kynge Henry the Fyfth.	Thorpe, William, d. 1407?; Tyndale, William, attributed name.; Constantine, George, ca. 1501-1559, attributed name.; Oldcastle, John, Sir, d. 1417. Examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell. aut	1530 (1530)	STC 24045; ESTC S104932	68,800	141

beare the indignaciō of god almightie withouten ende if in conuenient tyme they amende them not and repente them verely doyng therfore dew moornyng ād sorow af●er their connyng power For thorow presumptuousnes necligence of priestis prelatis not of the chirche of Christe but occupiyng their prelacy vndewly in the chirche also by flateryng and false couetousnes of other diuerse namyd priestis lousengers lounderers ar wrongfull made named heremites haue leue to defraude poore nedy creatures of their lyuelode ād to lyue by their false winnyng and begging in slouthe and in other diuerse vyces And also of thes prelates thes cokir noses ar suffered to lyue in pride hypocresy to defoull themself both bodely gostely Also by the sufferyng ād counsell of thes forsaid prelatis of other priestis ar made vayne both brotherhodis susterhodis full of pride enuye which ar full contrarie to the brotherhode of Christe syns they ar cause of mekill dissension they multiplie susteyne it vncharitably for in lusty eatyng drinkyng vnmesurably out of tyme they exercyse themself Also this vayne confederacye of brotherhodis is permitted to be of one clothyng ād to holde to gither And in all thes vngrounded and vnlefull doynges priestis ar parteners and greate meddelers counsellers And ouer this viciousnes heremitis pardoners ankers and straunge beggers ar licensed admitted of prelatis priestis for to begyle the people with flateringis leasingis sclaunderously ageinst all goode reason trewe beleue so to encrease diuerse vices in themself also among all them that accepte them or cōsente to them And thus the viciousnes of thes forsaid named priestis prelatis haue ben long tyme yet is shall be cause of warres both withī the realme without And in the same wise thes vnable priestes haue bene yet are shall be chefe cause of pestilence of men moren of beestes of barenesse of the erthe of all other mischefes to the tyme the lordes comons able them thorow grace for to knowe to kepe the commaundementes of god enforsyng them than feithfully charitably by one assente for to redresse make one this forsaid priesthode to the wilfull pore meke innocent lyuyng teaching specially of Christe his apostles Therfore all they that knowe or myght knowe the viciousnes that reigneth now cursedly in thes priestes in their learning yf they suffyse not to vndstond this contagious viciousnes let them praye to the lorde hartely for the health of his chirche absteyning thē prudently fro thes endured enemies of Christe and of his people and frome all their sacramentes syns to thē all that knowe them or maye knowe they are but fleschly deades false as seynt Cipriane witnesseth in the first question of decrees in the firste cause Ca. Si quis inquit For as this seynte great doctours witnesse there that not onely vicious priestes but also all they that fauoure thē or consente to them in theire viciousnes shall to gither perisshe with them yf they amende them not dewly as all they perished that cōsented to Sathan Abijron For no thing wer more cōfusyon to thes forsaide vicious priestes than to eschewe them prudently in all their vnlefull sacramentes while they continew in their synfull lyuyng slaunderously as they haue longe tyme done and yet do And no dody nede to be afraide though dethe did folow by one wise or other for to dye out of this worlde without takyng of ony sacramēt of these forsaid christes enemies syns christe will not faile for to ministre him selfe all lefull and healfull sacramentes and necessarye at all tyme ād specially at the ende to all them that are in trewe feyth in stedfaste hope and in perfyte charite But yet some mad foolis saye for to eschewe slaunder they will be shriuē ones in the yeare and comuned of theire proper priestes though they knowe them defouled with slaunderous vices No doute but all thei that thus do or consente priuely or apertly to soch doynge ar culpable of great synne syns seynt Paul witnesseth that not only they that do euyll are worthy of dethe dampnacion but also they that cōsente to euyll doars Also as their slaunderouse workes witnesse thes forsaid vicious priestes despyce and caste from them heuenly connyng that is gyuen of the holy goste Wherfore the lorde throweth all soche despisers frome hym that they vse nor do ony priesthode to hym No doute than all they that wittingly or wilfully take or consente that any other bodye sholde take ony sacrament of ony soche named prieste synneth opēly dāpnably ageynst all the trinite ar vnable to ony sacrament of healthe And that this forsayde sentence is all to gither trewe into remission of all my synfull lyuyng trustinge stedfastly in the mercy of god I offer to him my soule And to proue also this forsaid sentence trewe with the helpe of god I purpose fully for to suffer mekely and gladly my moste wretched body to be tormented where god will of whome he will how he will and whan he will as longe as he will what temporall peyne he will dethe to the praising of his name to the edificacion of his churche And I that am moste vnworthy wretched cay●yf shall now thorow the speciall grace of god make to him plesaunte sacrifice with my moste synfull vnworthy body I beseche hartly all folke that rede or heare this ende of my purposed testament that thorowe the grace of god they dispose verely vertuously all their wittes able in like maner all theire membres for to vnderstonde truely and to kepe feythfully charitably continually all the commaundementes of god and so than to pray deuoutly to all the blessed trinyte that I maye haue grace with wisdome prudence frome aboue to ende my lyfe here in this forsaid truethe ād for this cause in true feith and stedfaste hope ād in perfite charite AMEN HEre endeth sir William Thorpis testament on the friday after the rode daye and the twentye daye of September In the yeare of our lorde a thousand foure hundred ād sixtie And on the sonday nexte after the feste of seynt Peter that we call Lammesse daye in the yeare of our lorde a thousand foure hundrth and seuen the said sir William was accused of thes poyntes before writen in this booke before Thomas of Arundell Archebishoppe of Canterbury as it is sayde before And so was it than betwixt the day of his accusing and the daye that this was wryten three and fiftye yeare and as mekill more as fro the Lammesse to the wodemesse Beholde the ende ¶ The strengeth of euery tale is in the ende ¶ Here folowethe the Examinacion of the Lorde Cobham ¶ The beleue of the Lorde Cobh̄am BE it knowen to all men that in the yeare of oure Lorde a thousand foure hundred

which processe wer now to long to reherse Than I proffered to haue assoiled you for ye wer acursed of your contumacy and disobediēce to holy chirche Than said the lorde Cobham forthe with God saith Maledicā benedictionibus vestris that is to say I shall curse your blessinges Than said the Archebisshop Sir than I peroffered to haue assoiled you if ye wold haue asked it and yet I doo the same Than said the lorde of Cobham Nay forso the I trespased neuer ageinst you and therfore will I not doo it And with that he kneled downe on the pauement and helde vp his handis said I shryue me to god and to you all sirs that in my youthe I haue synnyd greatly and greuously in lecherie and in pride and hurte many men done many other horrible synnes good lord I crie the mercie And therwith wepingly he stoode vp ageyn and said Here for the brekyng of goddis lawe and his commaundementis ye cursed me not But for your owne lawes and tradiciōs aboue goddis law ād therfore it shall be destroied Than the Archebisshop examined the lorde of his beleue And the lorde of Cobhā said I beleue fully in all goddis law I beleue that it is all trewe and I beleue all that god will that I beleue Than the Archebisshop examined hym of the sacramente of the altare how he beleuyd therein The lorde of Cobhā said Christe vpon shere thursday at nyght sitting with his disciples at the supper after that he hadde supped he tooke breade geuyng thankis to the fader he blessed it and brake it gaue it to his disciples saiyng take eate ye of this all this is my body that shall be betraied for you doo you this in the remembraunce of me This beleue I said he Than the Archebisshop asked hym if it wer breade after the consecracion and the sacramētall wordes said The lorde of Cobham said I beleue that the sacrament of the altare is very Christes body in fourme of breade the same body the was borne of the virgin Mary done on the crosse dede and buried and the thirde day rose fro dethe to lyfe which body is now glorified in heuen Thā said one of the doctours of law After the sacramētall wordes said ther remaineth no brede but the body of Christe Than the lorde of Cobham said to one Master Iohn̄ whitehede You said to me in the castell of Cowling that the ooste sacred was not Christes body But I said yt was Christes body though seculers friers holde eche one agenst other in this opinion Than said they We say all that it is goddis body And they askyd hym whether it wer materiall breade after the consecracion Than said the lorde I beleue that it is Christes body in fourme of breade Sir beleue ye not thus And the Archcbisshop said Ye Than the doctours askyd hym whether it wer onely Christes body after the consecracion and no breade And he said to them Yt is Christes body breade for right as Christe was here in māhode and the godhede hidde in the manhode so I beleue verely that Christes flesche and his blode is hidde there in the fourme of breade Than they smylde eche one on other demyng hym takyn in heresy and said it is an heresy The Archebisshop asked hym what breade it was and the clerkis also whether it wer materiall or not Than the lorde said the gospell spekith not of this terme materiall ād therfore I will not but I say it is Christes body and breade For the gospell saith Ego sum panis viuus qui de celo descendi th̄at is to say I am quicke breade that came downe frome heuen For as oure lorde Iesu Christe is very god and very man so the most blessed sacrament of the altare is Christes body and breade Than thei said it is an heresy to say that it is brede after the consecracion the sacramentall wordes said but onely Christes body The lorde said Seynt Paul the apostle was as wise as ye bē he called it breade wher he saith thus The breade that we breake is it not the partetaking of the body of the lorde Than they saide Paule muste be other wyse vnderstanded for it is an heresy to say that it is breade after the consecracion but onely christes body for it is ageynst the determinacion of the chirche Than they asked hī whether he beleued not in the determinacion of the churche And he said to thē No forsothe but I beleue all goddes lawe and all that god will that I beleue but not in youre lawe nor in youre determinacion for ye be no parte of holy churche as openly your dedis shewe but very Antichristes contrary to gods law For ye haue made lawes for youre couetousnes This they said was heresy not for to beleue in the determinacion of the chirche Than the Archebishop asked him what was holy churche He said I beleue that holy chirch is the number of all thē that shall be saued of whom Christ is hed of that which chirch one parte is in heuē an other in purgatorye the thirde here in erthe This parte here standeth in thre degrees estates priestehode knighthode and the comunalte as I sayde playnly in my beleue Than the arbtshop said to hī Wote you who is of this chirche it is doute to you who is thereof ye sholde not iudge The lorde said Operibus credite iustū iudiciū iudicate that is to say Beleue ye the workes iudge ye rightfull iugement And also he saide to them all Where fynde ye by gods lawe that ye sholde sit thus vpon any man or ony mannis death as ye do but Anna Cayphas sat iudged Christe and so do you Thā said they Yes sir Christ iudged Iudas The lord of Cobham said No. Christ iudged not Iudas but he iudged himself went hāged himself but Christe saide Wo to him as he dothe to many of you For syns the venyme was shed in to the chirche ye folowed neuer Christ nor ye stode neuer in perfection of goddes lawe Than the Archebishop asked him what was that venyme The lorde said The lordshippes and possessyons For than cried an angell wo wo wo this day is venyme shed into the chirch of god for before that tyme ther wer many martirs of popis and syns I cā tell of none but sothe it is syns that tyme one hath put downe a nother one hath slayne a nother ād one hath cursed a nother as the cronicles tell also of moch more cursednesse Also he said Christ was meke the pope is proude Christ was pore forgaue the pope is riche a māslear as it is opēly proued And thus this is the neste of Antichriste out of this neste cometh Antichristes disciples of whome these monkes friers ben the taile Thā said the priour of the frier Austines Sir why saye ye so And the lorde of Cobham said for as ye bē

The examinacion of Master William Thorpe preste accused of heresye before Thomas Arundell Archebishop of Cāturbury the yere of ower Lorde M. CCCC and seuen ¶ The examinacion of the honorable knight sye Ihon̄ Oldcastell Lorde Cobham burnt bi the said Archebisshop in the fyrste yere of Kynge Henry the fyfth ¶ Benomore ashamed to heare it then ye were and be to do it ¶ Vnto the Christen Reader GRace and peace in oure lorde Iesu Christe Reade here with iudgemente goode reader the examinacion of the blssed man of god and there thou shalt caselye perceyue wherfore oure holy chirch a● the most on holy sorte of all the people wil be called make all their examinaciōs in darkenes all the laye people cleane excluded from their councels For yf their lies had ben openly confuted and also that the accused of heresye myghte as well haue ben admytted to reason their articles with councell whether they were heresye or no as the accused of treason agenst the king is admytted to his councell to confute his cause and articles whether they be treason or not they shulde neuer haue murthered nor prisoned so many good christen men as they haue done For their cloked lyes coulde neuer haue contynued so long in the lighte as they haue done in corners They good men when they come in the pulpet and preache agenst the treuth crye Yf their lernynge were goode and trew they wold neuer go in corners but speke it openly Where vnto I answere that besyde that Christe and his apostles were compelled for because of the furyousnes of their fathers the bishoppes and preastes whiche onely that tyme also wolde be called holy chyrche often tymes for to walke secretly and absent them self and geue place to their malice yet we haue daylye examples off more then one or two that haue not spared nor feared for to speake and also preache opnlye the trouthe whiche haue ben taken of them prysoned and brent besyde other that for feare of deathe haue abiured and caryed fagottes Of whos articles and examinacion there ys no leye man that can shewe a worde Who can tell wherfore not many yeres paste there were seuen burnt in conuentrye on one daye Who can tell wherfore that good preaste and holye martyr Syr Thomas hitton was brente now thys yere at maydstone yn Kent I am sure no man For this is their caste euer when they haue put to deathe or punyshed any man after their secrete examynacyon to slaunder hym of soche thynges as he neuer thought As they maye do well Inough seynge there is no man to contrarye them Wherfore I exhorte the good brother who soeuer thou be that redest thys treatyse marke hit well and consyder it seryouslye and there thou shalt fynde not onelye what the chyrche ys they re doctryne of the Sacramente the worshyppynge off ymagyes pylgremage confessyon Swerynge and payinge of tythes But also thou mayst se what stronge and substancyall argumentes off scripture and doctoures and what clerkely reasons my lorde the hedde and prymate of the holye chyrche in England as he wil be taken bryngeth agenst this pore folysh symple and madde losell knave heretike as he calleth hym And also the verye cause wherfore all their examynacions are made in darkenes And the lorde of all lyght shall lighten the with the candle of his grace for to se the trewth Amen ¶ This I haue corrected and put forth in the english that now is vsed in Englāde for owe● sothern men nothynge therto addynge ne yet ther from mynysshyng And I entende hereafter with the helpe of God to put it forthe in his owne olde english which shal well serue I doute not bothe for the northern men ād the faythfull brothern of scotlāde THe Lorde god that knoweth all thinges worteth well that I am right sorrowfull for to write or to make knowen this sentēce beneth written where that of myne even christē sette in hie state and dignite so gret blyndnes ād malice maye be knowē that they that presume of them selfe to distroye vices and to plante in men vertues nother drede to offēde god nor luste to please him as their warkes show For certes the biddinge of god his lawe whiche in the praysynge of his most holy name he commaundeth to be knowen and kepte of all men and women younge and olde ▪ after the cōnynge and power that he hath gyuen to them the prelates of this lande and their mynisters with the comente of prestys chefely consentyng to them enforce them moste besyly to withstonde and destroye the holy ordinaunce of god And there thorowe god is greatly wrothe and moeuyd to take harde vengeaunce not onely vpon them that doo the evyll but also on thē all that consent to these Antichristys lymnes Which knowe or might knowe their malyce ād their falshode and dresse them not to withstond their malice and their greate pryde Neuerthelesse fower thinges moueth me to writeth is sentence beneth The fyrst thinge that moeueth me hereto is this that wher as it was knowē to certeyn frendes that I came frō the preson of Shrewisbury and as it befell in dede that I shulde to the preson of Canterbury than diuerse frendes in diuerse places spake to me full hartefully and full tenderly and commaunded me thē yf it so were that I sholde be examined before the Archebishope of Canterbury that if I mygh●e in ony wise I sholde writte myne apposinge and myne answeringe And I promysed to my speciall frendes that yf I might I wolde gladly do their biddinges as I might The .ij. thing that moueth me to write this sentence is thys diuerse frendes which haue herde that I haue ben examined before the Archebisshop haue comen to me in prison and councelled me besely and coueted greatly that I shulde do the same thynge And other brethrē haue sent to me required me on goddes behalf that I shold write out make knowē both myne apposing myne answerīg for the profet that as they saye ouer my knowlegīg may come therof But this they badde me that I shold be besye in all my wittes to go as nere the sentēce the wordes as I coulde both that were spokē to me ād that I spake Vp auēture this writing came a nother tyme before the Archebishope his counsell And of this coūselling I was right glad for in my cōsciēce I was moued to do this thing to aske hereto the speciall helpe of god And so thā I considering the great desyre of diuerse frēdes of sondry places according all in one I occupied all my mynde my writtes so besyly that thorow goddes grace I perceyued by their meyning their charitable desyre some profete might come ther throwe For sothe fastenesse trouth hath these cōdiciōs Where euer it is impugned yt hath a swete smell thereof comes a swete savoure And the more violently the enemyes dresse thē self to oppresse to withstond the truthe the greater the

of one persecutyon in so shorte tyme as ys the terme of thys lyfe For lo thys heuenly heritage and endlesse rewarde is the lorde god him selfe wych ys the beste thyng that may be Thys sentēce wytnessyth the lorde god hym selfe wheras he seyd to Abrahā I am thy mede And as the lorde seyd he was and ys the mede of Abraham so heys of all hys other seyntys Thys moste blessyd and beste mede he graunt to vs all for hys holy name that made vs of nought ād sent hys onely moste deare woorthy sonne our lorde Iesu christe for to redeme vs wyth hys moste preciouse harte bloode Amen KNowen be yt to all men that rede or heare thys writyng benethe that on the sondaye next after the feste of seynt Peter that we call lammesse in the yeare of our lorde a M. CCCC and .vij. yeare I william of Thorpe beyng in preson in the castell of Saltwode was brought before Thomas Arundell Archebysshope of Canterbury and Chaunceler than of Ingland And when that I came to hym he stoode in a great chāber moch people aboute hym when that he sawe me he wēt faste into a closett byddyng all seculer men that folowed hym to go forth from hym sone so that no mā was left than in that closet but the Archebysshop hymselfe ād a physician that was callyd Malueren person of seynt Dunstanys in London other two personys vnknowen to me whych ware minysterys of the lawe And I stādyng before thē by by the Archebysshop seyd to me William I know well that thou hast thys twēty wynter more trauelyd about besyly in the north contre in other diuerse contres of Inglād sowyng about false doctrine hauyng great busynesse yf thou myght wyth thyne vntrew reachyng shrewyd wyll for to enfecte and poyson all this lāde But through the grace of god thou art now wythstondyd brought in to my warde so that I shall now sequester the from thyne euyll purpose lett that to enuenyme the shepe of my prouynce Neuer the lesse seynt Paul seythe Yf it may be as ferre as in vs ys we owe to haue peace wyth all men Therfore William yf thou wyll now mekely of goode harte without onye feynyng knele downe leye thy hāde apō a booke ād kysse yt promysyng feythfully as I shall here charge the that thou wilt submytthe to my correccyon stāde to myne ordinaūce fulfyll yt dewly by all thy connyng power thou shall yet fynde me gracyouse vnto ye. Than seyd I to the Archebysshop Syr syns ye deme me an heretyke out of beleue wyll ye gyue me here audiēce to tell my beleue And he seyd ye tell on And I seyd I beleue that ther is not but one god almyghty in thys god heed and of thys godhede a● thre persones that is the fader the sonne ād the sothe faste holy goste And I beleue that all thes thre persones ar euen in power in connyng ād in myght full of grace of all goodnesse For what ●o euer that the father dothe or can or wyll that ●hyng also the sonne dothe can and wyll ād in all their power connyng wyll the holy goste ys equall to the father to the sonne Ouer thys I beleue that thrugh coūsell of thys moste blessyd trinite in moste conueniēt tyme before ordenyd for the saluacyon of man kynde the seconde peerson of thys trinite was ordenyd to take the fourme of man that is the kynde of man And I beleue that thys seconde person our lorde Iesu christe was conceiuyd thorough the holy goste into the wombe of the moste blessyd virgyn Marye wyth out mānys seede And I beleue that after nyne monethys Christe was borne of thys moste blessyd vergyn wythout ony peyne or brekyng of the closter of hyr wombe and wythout fylthe of hyr virginite And I beleue that Christe our sauyour was circuncisyd in the eyghte daye after hys byrthe in fulfillyng of the lawe and hys name was callyd Iesu whych was callyd of the angell before that he was cōceiuyd in the wōbe of Marie hys moder And I beleue that Christe as he was about thyrty yeare olde was baptyzed in the fludde of Iordane of Iohn̄ baptist in lykenesse of a dove the holy goste descendyd there vpon him and a voyce was herde frō heuen seiyng Thou art my welblouyd sonne In the I am full pleasyd And I beleue that Christe was moeuyd than by the holy goste for to goo in to desert there he fastyd fourty dayes ād fourty nyghtes wythout bodely meate drynk And I beleue that by and by after hys fastyng whan the manhode of Christe hongeryd the feende came to hym ād tēptyd hym in glotony in veyn glory and in couetyse but in all thoes temptacyōs Christe concludyd the fende ād with stoode hym And than wyth out tariyng Iesu began to preache to seye vnto the people doo ye penaunce for the realme of heuen ys now at hande And I beleue that Christe in all hys tyme here lyued moste holyly and taught the wyll of hys fader moste trewly and I beleue that he sufferyd therefore moste wrong fully greatyst repreuys and despysynges And after thys whan Christe wolde make an ende here of hys temporall lyfe I beleue that in the daye next before that he wolde suffer passyon on the morne In fourme of brede of wyne he ordenyd the sacramēte of hys flessh hys blood that ys hys owne precyous body ād gaue it to hys apostles for to eate cōmaundyng them by thē all their after comers that they sholde doo it ī thys fourme that he shewyd to them vse them self and teache and commone forthe to other men woomen thys moste worshypfull holiest sacramēt in myndefulnesse of hys holyest lyuyng of hys moste trew teachyng of hys wilfull paciēt sufferyng of the moste peynfull passion And I beleue that thus Christeour sauyour after that he had ordenid thys moste woorthy sacramēt of hys owne preciouse body he wēt forthe wyllfully agenst hys enemyes and he sufferyd thē most paciently to ley their hādys moste violētly vppon hym and to bynde hym to leade hym forthe as a thefe and to skorne hym ād buffet ād all to blow or fyle hym with their spittinges Ouer this I beleue that Christ suffered most mekely and paciently his enemies for to dinge out with sharpe scourges the bloude that was betwene his skyn his flesh yee without grudginge Christ suffered the cruell Iewes to crown hym with most sharp thornes and to strike him with a rede And after Christ suffered wicked Iewes to draw him out vpon the crosse and for to nayle hym there vpon fote and hande And so thorow this pitiefull naylinge Christ shed out wilfully for mans lyfe the bloude that was in his vaynes And then christ gaue wilfully his spirite in to the handes or power of his father and so as he wolde when he