law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o digression_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n use_v and_o power_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o qualification_n of_o such_o gentleman_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v choose_v the_o people_n representative_n the_o recital_n of_o these_o several_a law_n for_o frequent_a call_n of_o parliament_n declare_v the_o same_o to_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n or_o necessity_n to_o the_o safety_n and_o well-being_n of_o the_o nation_n invite_v we_o to_o give_v the_o vulgar_a reader_n some_o further_a information_n touch_v those_o most_o honourable_a assembly_n which_o though_o a_o digression_n will_v i_o hope_v be_v no_o transgression_n for_o i_o be_o willing_a at_o any_o time_n to_o go_v a_o little_a out_o of_o my_o way_n provide_v i_o may_v thereby_o meet_v with_o the_o reader_n profit_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o name_n and_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n the_o word_n parliament_n be_v french_a derive_v from_o the_o three_o word_n parlour_n la_fw-fr ment_fw-mi to_o speak_v one_o mind_n because_o every_o member_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v sincere_o and_o discreet_o speak_v his_o mind_n for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o this_o name_n say_v cook_n 1_o instit_n foe_fw-mi 110._o be_v use_v before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o most_o common_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n it_o be_v call_v michegemote_a or_o witenage_n mote_n that_o be_v the_o great_a mote_n meeting_n or_o assembly_n whence_o our_o ward-mootes_a in_o london_n receive_v their_o name_n to_o this_o day_n or_o the_o wise-moote_a that_o be_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o sage_n of_o the_o land_n but_o this_o word_n parliament_n be_v use_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n 1._o strict_o as_o it_o include_v the_o legislative_a power_n of_o england_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o in_o this_o acceptation_n it_o necessary_o include_v the_o king_n the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o negative_a voice_n in_o make_v law_n and_o without_o their_o joint_n consent_v no_o new_a law_n can_v pass_v that_o be_v obligatory_a to_o the_o subject_a 2._o vulgar_o the_o word_n be_v use_v for_o the_o two_o house_n the_o lord_n and_o commons_o as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o king_n will_v call_v a_o parliament_n his_o majesty_n have_v dissolve_v his_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n viz._n spiritual_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bishop_n who_o sit_v there_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o barony_n parcel_n of_o their_o bishopric_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n and_o temporal_a the_o commons_o be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o three_o class_n or_o part_n viz_o knight_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n where_o note_n that_o though_o the_o writ_n require_v two_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v knight_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o they_o shall_v actual_o have_v the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n provide_v they_o be_v but_o gentleman_n for_o the_o statute_n 23_o hen._n 6._o cap_n 15_o have_v these_o word_n that_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n for_o the_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v choose_v shall_v be_v not_o able_a knight_n of_o the_o same_o county_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v be_v choose_v or_o otherwise_o such_o notable_a esquire_n or_o gentleman_n bear_v of_o the_o same_o county_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o be_v knight_n and_o no_o man_n to_o be_v such_o knight_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o yeoman_n and_o under_o second_o citizen_n choose_v to_o represent_v city_n three_o burgess_n that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o that_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o borough_n note_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o city_n and_o a_o borough_n be_v this_o a_o city_n be_v a_o borough_n incorporate_v which_o be_v or_o have_v within_o time_n of_o memory_n be_v a_o episcopal_a see_v or_o have_v a_o bishop_n and_o this_o althô_o the_o bishopric_n be_v dissolve_v as_o west_n minster_n have_v heretofore_o a_o bishop_n though_o none_o now_o still_o remain_v a_o city_n cook_n 1._o instit_n sect_n 164._o borough_n be_v town_n incorporate_v but_o such_o as_o never_o have_v any_o bishop_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a debate_n about_o the_o three_o estate_n some_o zealous_o plead_v that_o the_o bishop_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o lord_n temporal_a a_o second_o and_o the_o commons-house_n the_o three_o and_o the_o king_n over_o all_o as_o a_o transcendent_a by_o himself_o other_o as_o stiff_o deny_v this_o and_o assign_v the_o king_n as_o he_o his_o the_o head_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n to_o be_v the_o first_o estate_n the_o lord_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a joint_o to_o be_v the_o second_o and_o the_o commons-house_n the_o three_o non_fw-la opis_fw-la est_fw-la nostrae_fw-la tant_fw-fr as_o componere_fw-la lites_n we_o shall_v not_o presume_v to_o undertake_v a_o decision_n of_o this_o arduous_a controversy_n but_o in_o our_o poor_a opinion_n the_o matter_n seem_v to_o appear_v more_o difficult_a than_o real_o it_o be_v by_o mean_n that_o the_o contend_a party_n do_v not_o first_o plain_o set_v down_o what_o it_o be_v they_o several_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n estate_n which_o may_v be_v take_v 1._o for_o a_o rank_n degree_n or_o condition_n of_o person_n consider_v by_o themselves_o different_a in_o some_o notable_a respect_n from_o other_o wherewith_o they_o may_v be_v compare_v and_o in_o this_o respect_n my_o lord_n the_o bishop_n may_v very_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o estate_n or_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o then_o there_o will_v be_v several_a estate_n above_o the_o number_n of_o three_o for_o so_o in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o there_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v three_o estate_n viz._n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o heretofore_o in_o the_o day_n of_o popery_n when_o there_o be_v 26_o abbot_n and_o prior_n that_o hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n call_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n see_v fuller_n church_n history_n lib._n 6._o 292._o whether_o they_o be_v religious_a and_o monastical_a person_n whereas_o the_o bishop_n be_v secular_n no_o small_a difference_n in_o their_o account_n may_v not_o as_o well_o claim_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o as_o now_o the_o bishop_n do_v may_v be_v a_o question_n but_o second_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o three_o estate_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n it_o be_v most_o natural_a to_o mean_v and_o intend_v such_o a_o poise_n in_o the_o balance_n or_o such_o a_o order_n or_o state_n as_o have_v a_o negative_a voice_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n for_o as_o the_o king_n and_o commons_o exclude_v the_o lord_n so_o neither_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n exclude_v the_o commons_o much_o less_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o exclude_v the_o king_n can_v make_v any_o law_n but_o this_o glorious_a triplicity_n must_v be_v in_o mutual_a conjunction_n and_o then_o from_o their_o unite_a influence_n spring_v our_o happy_a law_n but_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a by_o themselves_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o be_v a_o distinct_a estate_n that_o be_v they_o have_v by_o themselves_o no_o negative_a voice_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o proper_a characteristic_a or_o essential_a mark_n of_o each_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n for_o suppose_v a_o bill_n pass_v the_o commons_o and_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o lord_n house_n all_o the_o 26_o bishop_n shall_v be_v against_o it_o and_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a lord_n yet_o if_o the_o other_o temporal_a lord_n be_v more_o in_o number_n than_o the_o bishop_n and_o those_o that_o side_n with_o they_o the_o bill_n shall_v pass_v as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o whole_a house_n and_o if_o his_o majesty_n please_v to_o give_v it_o his_o royal_a assent_n be_v undoubted_a law_n which_o demonstrate_v the_o bishop_n have_v of_o themselves_o no_o negative_a voice_n and_o consequent_o be_v none_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o if_o any_o will_v have_v they_o call_v a_o estate_n and_o mean_a something_o else_o be_v it_o if_o he_o please_v to_o explain_v his_o notion_n it_o be_v like_a i_o shall_v not_o contend_v with_o he_o about_o a_o fiddle_n faddle_o word_n touch_v the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n say_v cook_n 1_o instit_n sect._n 164._o be_v so_o transcendent_a that_o it_o make_v enlarge_v diminish_v abrogate_v repeal_v and_o revive_v law_n statute_n act_n and_o ordinance_n concern_v matter_n ecclesiastical_a civil_a martial_a marine_n capital_a criminal_a and_o common_a and_o 4_o instit_n fol._n 36._o
liberty_n and_o of_o other_o contain_v in_o our_o charter_n of_o liberty_n of_o our_o forest_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n knight_n freeholder_n and_o other_o our_o subject_n have_v give_v unto_o we_o the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o all_o their_o movable_n 5._o and_o we_o have_v grant_v unto_o they_o on_o the_o other_o part_n that_o neither_o we_o nor_o our_o heir_n shall_v procure_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o liberty_n in_o this_o charter_n contain_v shall_v be_v infringe_v or_o broken_n 6._o and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v procure_v by_o any_o person_n contrary_a to_o the_o premise_n it_o shall_v be_v have_v of_o no_o force_n nor_o effect_n these_o be_v witness_n lord_n b._n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n e._n bishop_n of_o london_n etc._n etc._n we_o ratify_v and_o approve_v these_o gift_n and_o grant_n aforesaid_a confirm_v and_o make_v strong_a all_o the_o same_o for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n perpetual_o and_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o these_o present_n do_v renew_v the_o same_o willing_a and_o grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o this_o charter_n and_o all_o and_o singular_a his_o article_n for_o ever_o shall_v be_v steadfast_o firm_o and_o inviolable_o observe_v and_o if_o any_o article_n in_o the_o same_o charter_n contain_v yet_o hitherto_o peradventure_o have_v not_o be_v keep_v we_o will_v and_o by_o authority_n royal_a command_n from_o henceforth_o firm_o they_o be_v observe_v in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o our_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v make_v t._n edward_n our_o son_n at_o westminster_n the_o twenty_o eight_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n note_n on_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la this_o excellent_a law_n hold_v the_o first_o place_n in_o our_o statute_n book_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n many_o act_n of_o parliament_n long_o before_o this_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o now_o extant_a it_o be_v call_v magna_n charta_fw-la or_o the_o great_a charter_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o bulk_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v it_o be_v also_o style_v charta_fw-la libertatum_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o great_a reason_n say_v cook_n in_o his_o proem_n be_v it_o so_o call_v from_o the_o effect_n quia_fw-la liberos_fw-la facit_fw-la because_o it_o make_v and_o preserve_v the_o people_n free_a though_o it_o run_v in_o the_o stile_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o charter_n yet_o as_o my_o lord_n cook_n well_o observe_v on_o the_o 38_o chapter_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v pass_v in_o parliament_n for_o there_o be_v then_o a_o fifteen_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n free-tenant_n and_o people_n which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o in_o parliament_n nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a in_o those_o time_n to_o have_v act_n of_o parliament_n in_o a_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o prince_n case_n co._n rep._n l._n 8._o likewise_o though_o it_o be_v say_v here_o that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v and_o grant_v these_o liberty_n yet_o they_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v as_o mere_a emanation_n of_o royal_a favour_n or_o new_a bounty_n grant_v which_o the_o people_n can_v not_o just_o challenge_v or_o have_v not_o a_o right_n unto_o before_o for_o the_o lord_n cook_n at_o divers_a place_n assert_n and_o all_o lawyer_n know_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o declaratory_a of_o the_o principal_a ground_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n no_o new_a freedom_n be_v hereby_o grant_v but_o a_o restitution_n of_o such_o as_o lawful_o they_o have_v before_o and_o to_o free_v they_o of_o what_o have_v be_v usurp_v and_o encroach_v upon_o they_o by_o any_o power_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o you_o may_v see_v this_o charter_n often_o mention_n sua_fw-la jura_n their_o right_n and_o liberatâ—s_fw-la svas_fw-la their_o liberty_n which_o show_v they_o have_v they_o before_o and_o that_o the_o same_o now_o be_v confirm_v as_o to_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o charter_n it_o must_v be_v note_v that_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n have_v with_o a_o most_o equal_a poise_n and_o temperament_n very_o wise_o contrive_v their_o government_n and_o make_v excellent_a provision_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o people_n from_o oppression_n and_o when_o william_n the_o norman_a make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o land_n though_o he_o be_v common_o call_v the_o conqueror_n yet_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v know_v several_a judge_n that_o will_v reprehend_v any_o gentleman_n at_o the_o bar_n that_o casual_o give_v he_o that_o title_n for_o though_o he_o kill_v harold_n the_o usurper_n and_o rout_v his_o army_n yet_o he_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v admit_v by_o compact_a and_o do_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o do_v not_o perform_v that_o oath_n so_o as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o his_o successor_n william_n rufus_n king_n stephen_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o richard_n likewise_o make_v frequent_a encroachment_n upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o people_n but_o especial_o king_n john_n make_v use_v of_o so_o many_o illegal_a device_n to_o drain_v they_o of_o money_n that_o weary_v with_o intolerable_a oppression_n they_o resolve_v to_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o grant_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o to_o promise_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v observe_v which_o king_n john_n do_v in_o running-mead_n between_o stain_n and_o windsor_n by_o two_o charter_n one_o call_v charta_n libertatum_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n the_o form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v read_v in_o math._n paris_n fol._n 246._o and_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o this_o here_o recite_v the_o other_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o send_v into_o every_o county_n and_o command_v the_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n to_o see_v they_o fulfil_v but_o by_o ill_a council_n he_o quick_o after_o begin_v to_o violate_v they_o as_o much_o as_o ever_o whereupon_o disturbance_n and_o great_a misery_n arise_v both_o to_o himself_o and_o the_o realm_n the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o this_o king_n john_n be_v henry_n the_o three_o who_o in_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n renew_a and_o confirm_v the_o say_a charter_n but_o within_o two_o year_n after_o cancel_v they_o by_o the_o pernicious_a advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n and_o particular_o hubert_n the_o burgh_n who_o he_o have_v make_v lord_n chief_a justice_n one_o that_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o his_o country_n and_o a_o well_o deserve_a patriot_n as_o well_o as_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n but_o now_o to_o make_v this_o a_o step_n to_o his_o ambition_n which_o ever_o ride_v without_o reins_o persuade_v and_o humour_v the_o king_n that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o charter_n of_o his_o father_n king_n john_n by_o duresse_n and_o his_o own_o great_a charter_n and_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n also_o for_o that_o he_o be_v within_o age_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o same_o whereupon_o the_o king_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v then_o of_o full_a age_n get_v one_o of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o of_o the_o forest_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o by_o the_o council_n principal_o of_o this_o hubert_n his_o chief_a justice_n at_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o oxford_n unjust_o cancel_v both_o the_o say_a charter_n notwithstanding_o the_o say_a hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n be_v the_o premier_n witness_v of_o all_o the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o both_o the_o say_a charter_n whereupon_o he_o become_v in_o high_a favour_n with_o the_o king_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v soon_o after_o viz._n the_o 10_o of_o december_n in_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o that_o king_n create_v to_o the_o high_a dignity_n that_o in_o those_o time_n a_o subject_n have_v to_o be_v a_o earl_n viz._n of_o kent_n but_o soon_o after_o for_o flatterer_n and_o humorist_n have_v no_o sure_a foundation_n he_o fall_v into_o the_o king_n heavy_a indignation_n and_o after_o many_o fearful_a and_o miserable_a trouble_n he_o be_v just_o and_o according_a to_o law_n sentence_v by_o his_o peer_n in_o a_o open_a parliament_n and_o just_o degrade_v of_o that_o dignity_n which_o he_o unjust_o have_v obtain_v by_o his_o council_n for_o cancel_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n in_o the_o 9th_o chap._n of_o this_o great_a charter_n all_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o london_n be_v confirm_v and_o preserve_v which_o be_v likewise_o do_v by_o divers_a other_o statute_n as_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 2._o etc._n etc._n the_o 29_o chapt._n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v
assent_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o use_n of_o all_o thing_n contain_v and_o prescribe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o common-prayer_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o other_o rite_n &_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n or_o have_v not_o subscribe_v the_o declaration_n or_o acknowledgement_n contain_v in_o a_o certain_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n and_o entitle_v a_o act_n for_o the_o uniformity_n of_o public_a prayer_n and_o administration_n of_o sacrament_n and_o other_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n and_o for_o the_o establish_n the_o form_n of_o make_v ordain_v and_o consecrate_v of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o say_a act_n or_o any_o other_o subsequent_a act_n and_o whereas_o they_o or_o some_o of_o they_o and_o diverse_a other_o person_n and_o person_n not_o ordain_v according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o as_o have_v since_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o preach_v in_o unlawful_a assembly_n conventicle_n or_o meeting_n under_o colour_n or_o pretence_n of_o exercise_n of_o religion_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o divers_a corporation_n in_o england_n sometime_o three_o or_o more_o of_o they_o in_o a_o place_n thereby_o take_v a_o opportunity_n to_o distil_v the_o poisonous_a principle_n of_o schism_n and_o rebellion_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n to_o the_o great_a danger_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n ii_o be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n by_o and_o with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o the_o say_a parson_n vicar_n curate_n lecturer_n and_o other_o person_n in_o holy_a order_n or_o pretend_v holy_a order_n or_o pretend_v to_o holy_a order_n and_o all_o stipendiaries_n or_o other_o person_n who_o have_v be_v possess_v of_o any_o ecclesiastical_a or_o spiritual_a promotion_n and_o every_o of_o they_o who_o have_v not_o declare_v their_o unfeigned_a assent_n and_o consent_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o subscribe_v the_o declaration_n aforesaid_a and_o shall_v not_o take_v and_o subscribe_v the_o oath_n follow_v i_o a._n b._n do_v swear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o that_o i_o do_v abhor_v that_o traitorous_a position_n of_o take_v arm_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o against_o those_o that_o be_v commission_v by_o he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o commission_n and_o that_o i_o will_v not_o at_o any_o time_n endeavour_v any_o alteration_n of_o government_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n iii_o and_o all_o such_o person_n and_o person_n as_o shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o preach_v in_o any_o unlawful_a assembly_n conventicle_n or_o meeting_n under_o colour_n or_o pretence_n of_o any_o exercise_n of_o religion_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n from_o and_o after_o the_o 24_o day_n of_o march_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o this_o present_a year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o five_o unless_o only_o in_o pass_v upon_o the_o road_n come_v or_o be_v within_o five_o mile_n of_o any_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a or_o burrough_n that_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n within_o his_o majesty_n kingdom_n of_o england_n principality_n of_o wales_n or_o of_o the_o town_n of_o berwick_n upon_o tweed_n 3_o or_o within_o five_o mile_n of_o any_o parish_n town_n or_o place_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o have_v since_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n be_v parson_n vicar_n curate_n stipendiary_a or_o lecturer_n or_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o preach_v in_o any_o unlawful_a assembly_n conventicle_n or_o meeting_n under_o colour_n or_o pretence_n of_o any_o exercise_n of_o religion_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 4_o before_o he_o or_o they_o have_v take_v and_o subscribe_v the_o oath_n aforesaid_a before_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o their_o quarter-session_n to_o be_v hold_v for_o county_n ride_v or_o division_n next_o unto_o the_o say_a corporation_n city_n or_o burrough_n parish_n place_n or_o town_n in_o open_a court_n which_o say_v oath_n the_o say_a justice_n be_v hereby_o impower_v there_o to_o administer_v 5_o upon_o forfeiture_n for_o every_o such_o offence_n the_o sum_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o lawful_a english_a money_n the_o one_o three_o part_n thereof_o to_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o other_o three_o part_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n where_o the_o offence_n shall_v be_v commit_v and_o the_o other_o three_o part_n thereof_o to_o such_o person_n or_o person_n as_o shall_v or_o will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o by_o action_n of_o debt_n plaint_n bill_n or_o information_n in_o any_o court_n of_o record_n at_o westminster_n or_o before_o any_o justice_n of_o assize_n oyer_n and_o terminer_n or_o gaol-delivery_n or_o before_o any_o justice_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n lancaster_n or_o durham_n or_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o great_a session_n in_o wales_n or_o before_o any_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o their_o quarter_n session_n wherein_o no_o essoin_fw-fr protection_n or_o wager_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v allow_v iv._o provide_v always_o and_o be_v it_o further_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o person_n or_o person_n restrain_v from_o come_v to_o any_o city_n town_n corporate_a burrough_n parish_n town_n or_o place_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o for_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n as_o shall_v not_o first_o take_v and_o subscribe_v the_o aforesaid_a oath_n and_o as_o shall_v not_o frequent_v divine_a service_n establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o carry_v he_o or_o herself_o reverent_o decent_o and_o orderly_o there_o to_o teach_v any_o public_a or_o private_a school_n or_o take_v any_o boarder_n or_o tabler_n that_o be_v teach_v or_o instruct_v by_o he_o or_o herself_o or_o any_o other_o upon_o pain_n for_o every_o such_o offence_n to_o forfeit_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o pound_n to_o be_v recover_v and_o distribute_v as_o aforesaid_a v._o provide_v also_o and_o be_v it_o further_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o respective_a county_n upon_o oath_n to_o they_o of_o any_o offence_n against_o this_o act_n which_o oath_n they_o be_v hereby_o impower_v to_o administer_v to_o commit_v the_o offender_n for_o six_o month_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n unless_o upon_o or_o before_o such_o commitment_n he_o shall_v before_o the_o say_a justice_n of_o the_o peace_n swear_v and_o subscribe_v the_o aforesaid_a oath_n and_o declaration_n vi_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n intend_v to_o be_v restrain_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n shall_v without_o fraud_n or_o covin_z be_v serve_v with_o any_o writ_n sub-poena_a warranr_n or_o other_o process_n whereby_o his_o personal_a appearance_n be_v require_v his_o obedience_n to_o such_o writ_n sub-poena_a or_o process_n shall_v not_o be_v construe_v a_o offence_n against_o this_o act._n note_v that_o as_o to_o the_o penalty_n of_o forty_o pound_n the_o party_n must_v be_v try_v at_o the_o assize_n or_o session_n before_o it_o be_v forfeit_v but_o any_o two_o justice_n of_o peace_n may_v commit_v for_o six_o month_n unless_o before_o they_o he_o will_v swear_v and_o subscribe_v the_o oath_n in_o this_o declaration_n specify_v the_o assent_n and_o consent_n and_o the_o declaration_n therein_o refer_v unto_o which_o if_o he_o do_v he_o put_v himself_o out_o of_o their_o power_n now_o the_o assent_n and_o consent_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o stat._n 13_o and_o 14._o of_o car._n 2di_fw-la chap._n 4._o as_o follow_v i_o a._n b._n do_v here_o declare_v my_o unfeigned_a assent_n &_o consent_v to_o all_o &_o every_o thing_n contain_v &_o prescribe_v in_o &_o by_o the_o book_n entitle_v the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n &_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o other_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o psalter_n or_o psalm_n of_o david_n point_v as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v sing_v or_o say_v in_o church_n and_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o make_v ordain_v and_o consecrate_v of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n the_o declaration_n be_v by_o the_o act_n last_o mention_v as_o
man_n gild_n be_v enough_o to_o condemn_v he_o i_o see_v not_o why_o their_o personal_a knowledge_n of_o a_o prisoner_n innocency_n or_o of_o the_o witness_n swear_v false_o shall_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o acquit_v he_o 2._o the_o other_o ground_n upon_o which_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v to_o proceed_v be_v testimony_n of_o witness_n and_o this_o be_v call_v evidence_n because_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o may_v make_v the_o matter_n clear_a manifest_a plain_a and_o evident_a to_o the_o jury_n and_o of_o this_o evidence_n the_o jury_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o only_a judge_n therefore_o they_o ought_v according_a to_o their_o oath_n diligent_o inquire_v into_o the_o quality_n repute_v and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o witness_n the_o likelihood_n of_o what_o they_o depose_v and_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o swear_v out_o of_o malice_n subornation_n self-interest_n combination_n or_o some_o ill_a design_n which_o to_o discover_v they_o will_v do_v well_o to_o examine_v they_o apart_o to_o note_v their_o variation_n and_o contradiction_n to_o ask_v they_o sudden_a question_n and_o what_o question_n be_v pertinent_a not_o the_o judge_n but_o the_o jury_n only_o can_v determine_v for_o they_o may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o towards_o discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n tho'_o the_o judge_n do_v not_o and_o it_o be_v they_o be_v upon_o their_o oath_n not_o he_o it_o be_v they_o must_v satisfy_v their_o own_o conscience_n the_o judge_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o intermeddle_v he_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o verdict_n let_v witness_n be_v never_o so_o rampant_o positive_a yet_o if_o the_o juror_n have_v good_a and_o reasonable_a ground_n not_o to_o believe_v they_o they_o will_v they_o must_v remain_v as_o ignorant_a to_o the_o party_n crime_n as_o before_o we_o find_v this_o express_o assert_v for_o law_n in_o our_o book_n as_o stiles_n report_n l._n 11._o tho'_o there_o be_v witness_n who_o prove_v the_o bill_n yet_o the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o find_v it_o if_o they_o see_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_a so_o coke_n l._n 6._o the_o judge_n use_v to_o determine_v who_o shall_v be_v swear_v and_o what_o shall_v be_v produce_v as_o evidence_n to_o the_o jury_n but_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o consider_v what_o credit_n or_o authority_n the_o same_o be_v worthy_a of_o if_o a_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o judge_n of_o evidence_n they_o signify_v nothing_o if_o as_o some_o will_v persuade_v we_o because_o people_n swear_v desperate_o tho'_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v they_o they_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o find_v the_o bill_n than_o they_o signify_v nothing_o and_o be_v no_o security_n to_o preserve_v innocency_n a_o lewd_a woman_n once_o resolve_v to_o indict_v the_o then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o a_o rape_n she_o swear_v it_o no_o doubt_n very_o hearty_o according_a to_o this_o new_a doctrine_n of_o go_v according_a to_o evidence_n the_o jury_n must_v present_o have_v find_v the_o bill_n the_o archbishop_n must_v have_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n suspend_v from_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n his_o good_n and_o chattel_n throughout_o england_n inventory_v by_o the_o sheriff_n will_v it_o think_v you_o in_o that_o case_n have_v be_v a_o good_a excuse_n for_o the_o grand_a jury_n to_o have_v say_v that_o tho'_o they_o believe_v in_o their_o conscience_n the_o baggage_n swear_v false_a yet_o she_o swear_v it_o positive_o they_o as_o so_o many_o parish_n clerk_n be_v but_o to_o say_v amen_o to_o her_o oath_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o to_o find_v billa_z vera_fw-la against_o that_o eminent_a prelate_n and_o if_o the_o jury_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o credibility_n of_o evidence_n in_o this_o case_n and_o may_v go_v contrary_a to_o it_o why_o i_o pray_v may_v they_o not_o have_v the_o same_o liberty_n where_o they_o find_v good_a cause_n in_o other_o if_o a_o indictment_n be_v lay_v against_o a_o man_n for_o criminal_a word_n say_v to_o be_v utter_v in_o a_o colloquium_fw-la or_o discourse_n tho'_o the_o witness_n roundly_o swear_v all_o the_o express_a word_n in_o the_o indictment_n yet_o unless_o they_o will_v relate_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o whole_a talk_n it_o be_v impossible_a the_o jury_n shall_v judge_v of_o the_o matter_n for_o the_o forego_n and_o subsequent_a word_n may_v render_v expression_n that_o be_v innocent_a and_o loyal_a which_o take_v to_o half_n may_v be_v rank_a treason_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v to_o affirm_v the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o i_o have_v which_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o jesuit_n of_o his_o majesty_n if_o once_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n be_v detestable_a treason_n and_o two_o man_n at_o some_o distance_n not_o well_o hear_v or_o remember_v or_o malicious_o design_v against_o his_o life_n shall_v swear_v that_o he_o say_v the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n than_o he_o have_v now_o that_o the_o man_n do_v utter_v these_o very_a word_n be_v true_a but_o if_o you_o ask_v the_o evidence_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o colloquium_fw-la they_o shall_v tell_v you_o there_o be_v much_o more_o discourse_n but_o they_o can_v remember_v it_o what_o satisfaction_n be_v this_o to_o a_o jury_n or_o will_v it_o not_o be_v hard_o for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o hold_v up_o his_o hand_n at_o the_o bar_n under_o the_o frightful_a charge_n of_o treason_n in_o this_o case_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n in_o his_o sermon_n shall_v recite_v that_o of_o the_o psalm_n the_o fool_n have_v say_v in_o his_o heart_n there_o be_v no_o god_n jesuited_a evidence_n now_o may_v come_v and_o charge_v he_o with_o blasphemy_n and_o swear_v that_o he_o say_v there_o be_v no_o god_n and_o ask_v they_o what_o expression_n beside_o he_o use_v may_v excuse_v themselves_o and_o say_v it_o be_v a_o great_a while_n ago_o we_o can_v remember_v a_o whole_a sermon_n but_o this_o we_o all_o positive_o swear_v he_o say_v there_o be_v no_o god_n the_o inquiry_n of_o a_o grand_a jury_n shall_v be_v suitable_a to_o their_o title_n a_o grand_a inquiry_n else_o instead_o of_o serve_v their_o country_n and_o present_v real_a crime_n they_o may_v oppress_v the_o innocent_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n wright_n and_o john_n good_a at_o a_o session_n in_o the_o old_a bailie_n about_o december_n 1681._o good_a indict_v wright_n for_o treasonable_a word_n and_o swear_v the_o word_n positive_o but_o after_o a_o grand_a enquiry_n the_o grand_a jury_n find_v that_o wright_n only_o speak_v the_o word_n as_o of_o other_o thus_o they_o say_v so_o and_o so_o and_o conclude_v with_o this_o they_o be_v reign_fw-la for_o say_v it_o and_o also_o good_a at_o last_o confess_v that_o wright_n be_v his_o master_n and_o correct_v he_o for_o misdemeanour_n and_o then_o to_o be_v revenge_v he_o come_v and_o swear_v against_o he_o which_o he_o confess_v he_o be_v instigate_v to_o by_o one_o powel_n so_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v it_o to_o be_v but_o malice_n return_v the_o bill_n ignoramus_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v not_o examine_v he_o strict_o they_o have_v never_o discover_v the_o intreigue_n and_o the_o master_n have_v causeless_o be_v bring_v to_o great_a charge_n ignominy_n and_o hazard_n the_o judicious_a dalton_n p._n 539_o say_v well_o no_o less_o care_n or_o concern_v at_o all_o lie_v on_o the_o grand_a jury_n than_o do_v on_o the_o petty_a jury_n people_n may_v tell_v you_o that_o you_o ought_v to_o find_v a_o bill_n upon_o any_o probable_a evidence_n for_o it_o be_v but_o matter_n of_o course_n a_o ceremony_n a_o business_n of_o form_n only_o a_o accusation_n the_o party_n be_v to_o come_v before_o another_o jury_n and_o there_o may_v make_v his_o defence_n but_o if_o this_o be_v all_o to_o what_o purpose_n have_v we_o grand_a juries_n at_o all_o why_o be_v the_o wise_a best_a man_n in_o a_o county_n for_o such_o they_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v trouble_v why_o be_v they_o so_o strict_o swear_v do_v not_o flatter_v yourselves_o you_o of_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v as_o much_o upon_o your_o oath_n as_o the_o petty_a jury_n and_o the_o life_n of_o the_o man_n against_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v bring_v be_v in_o your_o hand_n the_o lord_n cook_n 3_o justit_fw-la 33._o plain_o call_v the_o grand_a juryman_n all_o wilful_o forswear_v and_o perjure_a if_o they_o wrongful_o find_v a_o indictment_n and_o if_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o other_o jury_n through_o ignorance_n etc._n etc._n shall_v find_v the_o person_n guilty_a too_o you_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o blood_n as_o well_o as_o they_o but_o suppose_v he_o get_v off_o there_o do_v you_o think_v it_o nothing_o to_o accuse_v a_o man_n upon_o your_o oath_n of_o horrid_a crime_n your_o very_a do_v of_o which_o put_v he_o tho'_o never_o so_o innocent_a to_o