integrate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o or_o of_o some_o one_o region_n and_o so_o it_o be_v proper_o call_v chorography_n 3._o or_o of_o some_o particular_a place_n in_o a_o region_n or_o country_n which_o be_v topography_n according_a to_o the_o great_a integrate_a part_n thereof_o the_o ancient_n divide_v the_o whole_a earth_n into_o three_o great_a part_n viz._n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n to_o which_o be_v now_o add_v a_o four_o viz._n america_n these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o province_n country_n kingdom_n etc._n etc._n and_o each_o of_o these_o be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o earldom_n barony_n lordship_n etc._n etc._n these_o three_o kind_a or_o part_n make_v up_o the_o perfect_a subject_n of_o geography_n again_o every_o part_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v consider_v in_o its_o self_n or_o according_a to_o its_o adjunct_n and_o so_o it_o be_v either_o continent_n or_o island_n a_o continent_n be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n in_o which_o many_o great_a kingdom_n and_o country_n be_v conjoin_v together_o and_o not_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o by_o any_o sea_n as_o europe_n asia_n etc._n etc._n a_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n compass_v and_o environ_v round_o about_o with_o water_n as_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n these_o again_o be_v observable_a part_n both_o of_o continent_n and_o island_n viz._n peninsula_n isthmus_n promontorium_n peninsula_n quasi_fw-la pene_fw-la insula_fw-la be_v a_o part_n of_o land_n which_o be_v almost_o environ_v and_o encompass_v round_o with_o water_n be_v yet_o join_v to_o the_o firm_a land_n by_o some_o little_a isthmus_n as_o africa_n be_v join_v to_o asia_n or_o morea_n to_o greece_n a_o isthmus_n be_v a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n join_v the_o peninsula_n to_o the_o continent_n as_o that_o of_o darien_n in_o america_n or_o corinth_n in_o greece_n a_o promontory_n be_v a_o high_a hill_n or_o mountain_n lie_v out_o as_o a_o elbow_n of_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o utmost_a end_n of_o which_o be_v call_v a_o cape_n as_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o cape_n verde_n the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n be_v either_o such_o as_o respect_v the_o earth_n itself_o or_o the_o heaven_n those_o that_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v three_o in_o number_n viz._n the_o magnitude_n or_o extent_n of_o a_o country_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n the_o quality_n the_o magnitude_n comprehend_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o a_o place_n the_o bound_n of_o a_o country_n be_v a_o line_n terminate_n it_o round_v about_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o border_a land_n or_o water_n the_o quality_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o natural_a temper_n and_o disposition_n thereof_o a_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v either_o east_n west_n north_n or_o south_n those_o place_n be_v proper_o east_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n terminate_v by_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o where_o the_o sun_n rise_v those_o be_v west_n which_o lie_v westerly_a of_o the_o say_a meridian_n or_o towards_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun._n those_o place_n be_v proper_o north_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o artick-pole_n those_o south_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o antarctic_a pole._n the_o ancient_n do_v also_o distinguish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o diversity_n of_o shadow_n of_o body_n into_o three_o sort_n viz._n periscii_n heteroscii_n and_o amphiscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n if_o any_o such_o be_v be_v term_v periscii_n because_o the_o shadow_n of_o body_n have_v there_o a_o circular_a motion_n in_o 24_o hour_n the_o sun_n neither_o rise_n nor_o set_v but_o in_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n they_o call_v heteroscii_n because_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n bend_v towards_o either_o pole_n towards_o the_o north_n among_o those_o that_o dwell_v within_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n towards_o the_o south_n among_o those_o that_o dwell_v within_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o call_v amphiscii_n because_o the_o noon_n or_o midday_n shadow_n according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o year_n do_v sometime_o fall_v towards_o the_o north_n sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o northern_a sign_n it_o fall_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o towards_o the_o north_n when_o in_o the_o southern_a sign_n and_o because_o of_o the_o different_a site_n of_o opposite_a habitation_n the_o ancient_n have_v divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o periaeci_n antaeci_n and_o antipode_n the_o periaeci_n be_v such_o as_o live_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o parallel_n the_o antaeci_n be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o same_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o the_o one_o north_n and_o the_o other_o south_n the_o antipode_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v two_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o ancient_n do_v also_o divide_v the_o earth_n into_o climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n comprehend_v betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n who_o long_a day_n differ_v in_o quantity_n half_a a_o hour_n a_o parallel_n be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n wherein_o the_o day_n increase_v in_o length_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n so_o that_o every_o climate_n contain_v two_o parallel_n these_o climate_n and_o parallel_n be_v not_o of_o equal_a quantity_n for_o the_o first_o be_v long_a than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o second_o likewise_o great_a than_o the_o three_o etc._n etc._n at_o the_o latitude_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v increase_v half_o a_o hour_n long_o than_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la viz._n long_o than_o 12_o hour_n the_o first_o climate_n begin_v which_o be_v at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 8_o degree_n 34_o minute_n and_o in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 16_o degree_n 43_o minute_n where_o the_o day_n be_v increase_v a_o hour_n long_o than_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o second_o climate_n begin_v and_o so_o onward_o but_o because_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o ptolemy_n suppose_v that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o be_v inhabitable_a therefore_o they_o place_v the_o first_o climate_n at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 12_o degree_n 43_o minute_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 12_o hour_n ¾_n long_o and_o the_o second_o climate_n to_o begin_v at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 20_o degree_n 34_o minute_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 13_o hour_n and_o ¼_n long_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v needless_a indeed_o to_o take_v any_o more_o notice_n of_o they_o than_o thus_o much_o only_o that_o they_o that_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o place_n by_o clime_n and_o parallel_n have_v as_o good_a say_v nothing_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a point_n compare_v to_o the_o vast_a expansion_n of_o the_o universe_n though_o of_o itself_o of_o great_a magnitude_n for_o geographer_n divide_v it_o into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o each_o degree_n into_o 60_o minute_n which_o be_v so_o many_o italian_a mile_n so_o that_o the_o circumference_n thereof_o be_v 21600_o mile_n and_o the_o diameter_n or_o axis_n be_v 6875_o mile_n and_o its_o superficies_n in_o square_a mile_n be_v reckon_v to_o amount_v to_o 148510584_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n it_o be_v a_o common_a opinion_n that_o 5_o of_o our_o english_a foot_n make_v a_o geometrical_a pace_n 1000_o of_o these_o pace_n make_v a_o italian_a mile_n and_o 60_o of_o these_o mile_n in_o any_o great_a circle_n upon_o the_o spherical_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o sea_n make_v a_o degree_n so_o that_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o heaven_n contain_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o this_o account_n 60_o italian_a mile_n 20_o french_a or_o dutch_a league_n 15_o german_a mile_n 17_o ½_n spanish_a league_n but_o according_a to_o several_a experiment_n make_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o degree_n be_v thus_o various_o find_v to_o be_v by_o albazard_v the_o arabian_a 73_o by_o fernilius_fw-la 68_o by_o withrordus_n 70_o by_o gassendus_fw-la 73_o by_o picard_n 73_o italian_a mile_n and_o by_o norwood_n 69_o ½_n english_a mile_n which_o be_v much_o as_o the_o same_o of_o 73_o italian_a mile_n and_o be_v the_o near_a measure_n yet_o find_v by_o these_o experiment_n to_o answer_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o be_v 26280_o mile_n the_o diameter_n 8365_o and_o 184_o part_n or_o suppose_v 1000_o pace_n or_o 5000_o english_a foot_n to_o a_o mile_n than_o 73_o
such_o mile_n be_v exact_o equal_a to_o a_o degree_n i_o shall_v here_o note_v that_o no_o country_n do_v in_o all_o part_n of_o its_o territory_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o extent_n in_o measure_v the_o german_n have_v their_o great_a little_a and_o ordinary_a mile_n the_o league_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n be_v of_o different_a length_n and_o so_o be_v the_o mile_n in_o our_o own_o country_n the_o earth_n as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v encompass_v about_o with_o the_o water_n which_o wash_v and_o surround_v the_o dry_a land_n cut_v out_o and_o shape_n so_o many_o wind_a bay_n creek_n and_o meandr_a inlet_n and_o seem_v no_o where_o so_o much_o confine_v and_o pen_v as_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n from_o whence_o again_o expatiate_v it_o spread_v its_o self_n into_o two_o immense_a and_o almost_o boundless_a ocean_n which_o give_v terminary_n to_o the_o four_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o extend_v itself_o round_a they_o all_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a ocean_n the_o water_n be_v either_o ocean_n sea_n strait_n creek_n lake_n or_o river_n the_o ocean_n be_v a_o general_a collection_n or_o rendezvouz_n of_o all_o water_n the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o be_v either_o exterior_a lie_v open_a to_o the_o shore_n as_o the_o british_a or_o arabian_a sea_n or_o interior_a lie_v within_o the_o land_n to_o which_o you_o must_v pass_v through_o some_o straight_a as_o the_o mediterranean_a or_o baltic_a sea_n a_o strait_n be_v a_o narrow_a part_n or_o arm_n of_o the_o ocean_n lie_v betwixt_o two_o shore_n and_o open_v a_o way_n into_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n the_o hellespont_n etc._n etc._n a_o creek_n be_v a_o small_a narrow_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o go_v up_o but_o a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o land_n otherwise_o call_v a_o bay_n a_o station_n or_o ride_v for_o ship_n a_o lake_n be_v that_o which_o continual_o retain_v and_o keep_v water_n in_o it_o as_o the_o lake_n nicurgua_fw-la in_o america_n and_o zaire_n in_o africa_n a_o river_n be_v a_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v into_o the_o land_n court_v the_o bank_n whilst_o they_o their_o arm_n display_v to_o embrace_v her_o silver_n wave_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o ocean_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n it_o have_v four_o name_n from_o the_o east_n it_o be_v call_v the_o eastern_a or_o oriental_a ocean_n from_o the_o west_n the_o western_a or_o occidental_a ocean_n from_o the_o north_n the_o northern_a or_o septentrional_a and_o from_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a or_o meridional_a ocean_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o general_a name_n it_o have_v other_o particular_a appellation_n according_a to_o the_o country_n it_o bound_v upon_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o lie_v extend_v towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v call_v the_o chinean_a sea_n from_o the_o adjacent_a country_n of_o china_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v call_v oceanus_n indicus_n or_o the_o indian_a sea_n because_o upon_o it_o lie_v the_o indian_n where_o it_o touch_v the_o coast_n of_o persia_n it_o be_v call_v mare_n persicum_n so_o also_o mare_n arabicum_n from_o arabia_n so_o towards_o the_o west_n be_v the_o ethiopian_a sea._n then_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n from_o atlas_n a_o mountain_n or_o promontory_n in_o africa_n but_o more_o westward_o near_o to_o america_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n mar_n del_fw-it nort_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o america_n it_o be_v call_v mar_n del_fw-it zur_n or_o mare_fw-la pacificum_fw-la where_o it_o touch_v upon_o spain_n it_o be_v call_v oceanus_n hispanicus_n by_o the_o english_a the_o bay_n of_o biscay_n the_o sea_n between_o england_n and_o france_n be_v call_v the_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o holland_n it_o be_v call_v by_o some_o the_o german_a or_o rather_o the_o british_a ocean_n beyond_o scotland_n it_o be_v call_v mare_n caledonium_n high_a towards_o the_o north_n it_o be_v call_v the_o hyperborean_a or_o freeze_a sea_n more_o eastward_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n the_o tartarian_a sea_n or_o scythian_a ocean_n etc._n etc._n the_o name_n of_o the_o inland_a sea_n be_v 1._o the_o baltic_a sea_n by_o the_o dutch_a call_v the_o oast_n zee_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n die_v belth_n lie_v between_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n the_o chief_a entrance_n whereof_o be_v call_v the_o sound_n 2._o pontus_n euxinus_n or_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o which_o join_v meâ—tis_fw-la palus_n now_o mar_v the_o zabacke_n the_o three_o be_v the_o caspian_a or_o hyrcanian_a sea._n the_o four_o be_v the_o arabian_a gulf_n mare_n erythaeum_n mare_fw-la rubeum_fw-la or_o the_o red_a sea._n the_o five_o be_v the_o persian_a gulf_n or_o the_o gulf_n de_fw-fr elcatif_a the_o six_o be_v mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la by_o the_o english_a the_o strait_n by_o the_o spaniard_n mar_n de_fw-fr levant_n the_o beginning_n or_o entrance_n of_o it_o be_v call_v the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n rather_o gibal-tarif_a now_o that_o all_o place_n city_n town_n sea_n river_n lake_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v ready_o find_v out_o upon_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n all_o geographer_n do_v or_o shall_v place_v they_o according_a to_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n the_o use_n of_o which_o in_o the_o absolute_a sense_n be_v to_o make_v out_o the_o position_n of_o any_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o to_o show_v the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o other_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n reckon_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la begin_v by_o some_o at_o the_o canary_n by_o other_o at_o the_o azore_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o confusion_n i_o have_v make_v the_o longitude_n in_o this_o english_a geography_n to_o begin_v from_o london_n and_o be_v reckon_v eastward_o and_o westward_o according_a as_o they_o be_v situate_v from_o london_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o map._n and_o have_v also_o add_v the_o longitude_n from_o the_o tenerif_n round_o about_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o map_n as_o usual_o in_o the_o dutch_a map_n that_o so_o you_o may_v by_o inspection_n only_o see_v the_o truth_n or_o error_n if_o you_o compare_v they_o with_o the_o table_n or_o map_n former_o extant_a the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o that_o place_n reckon_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o great_a meridian_n and_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n according_a as_o it_o lie_v between_o the_o north_n and_o south-pole_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la europe_n be_v divide_v into_o these_o kingdom_n or_o estate_n  _fw-fr city_n modern_a city_n old._n northwards_o the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n or_o england_n scotland_n wales_n and_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n london_n londinium_n edinburgh_n alata_n castra_n welshpool_n trillinum_n dublin_n eblana_n scandinavia_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n sweden_n copenhagen_n haphnia_n berghen_n bergae_n stockholm_n holmia_n the_o several_a kingdom_n of_o russia_n or_o moscovia_n l'arcangel_n archangelopolis_n moskow_n moscha_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n cracow_n and_o cracovia_n dantzick_n gedanum_n in_o the_o middle_a the_o northern_a estate_n of_o turkey_n in_o europe_n tartary_n europa_n walachia_n moldavia_n transilvania_n hungaria_n caffa_n theodosia_n tarvis_n targoviscum_n jassy_a jassium_n weissemburg_n alba_n julia_n buda_n sicambia_n the_o empire_n of_o germany_n vienna_n ala_n flaviana_n the_o estate_n or_o republic_n of_o switzerland_n 7vnited_a province_n 10_o spanish_a provinc_n zurick_n tigurium_fw-la amsterdam_n amsterodamum_n antwerpen_n andoverpum_n kingdom_n or_o 12_o gover._n of_o france_n paris_n lutetia_n southwards_o kingdom_n &_o principal_a of_o spain_n madrid_n madritum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n lisbon_n olysippo_n estate_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n etc._n etc._n chambery_n cameriacum_n kingdom_n and_o estate_n in_o italy_n rome_n roma_n the_o kingdom_n and_o isle_n of_o sicily_n messina_n messana_n the_o southern_a estate_n of_o turkey_n in_o europe_n sclavonia_n croatia_n dalmatia_n ragusa_n bosnia_n servia_n bulgaria_n romania_n zagrab_n sisopa_n vihitz_n vihitza_n zara_n jadera_fw-mi ragusa_n epidaurus_n bosna_n serai_fw-fr jayeza_n belgrade_n alba_n graeca_n sophia_n sardica_n constantinople_n byzantium_n the_o estate_n of_o greece_n athini_fw-la athaenae_fw-la the_o island_n of_o negropont_n candia_n sardinia_n etc._n etc._n negropont_n eubaea_n candia_n matium_n cagliari_n calaris_n of_o europe_n europe_n by_o robt._n morden_n europe_n one_o of_o the_o four_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v also_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o beauty_n of_o her_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o politeness_n of_o her_o inhabitant_n the_o excellent_a government_n of_o her_o city_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n
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call_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o grand_a which_o make_v part_n of_o asia_n it_o be_v also_o call_v percopensis_n and_o crim_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o principal_a city_n situate_v in_o the_o peninsula_n former_o call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o nogays_a tartar_n must_v not_o be_v omit_v that_o lie_v between_o tanais_n and_o volga_n nor_o the_o tartar_n of_o ocziakou_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o borysthenes_n and_o the_o niester_n nor_o the_o tartar_n of_o budziack_n already_o mention_v to_o the_o east_n of_o moldavia_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o niester_n and_o donaw_n beside_o all_o these_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v settle_v also_o in_o lithuania_n and_o the_o vkraine_n adjoin_v to_o the_o black_a sea._n the_o black_a sea_n be_v very_o tempestuous_a so_o name_v and_o so_o fame_v from_o the_o terrible_a and_o frequent_a shipwreck_n that_o happen_v in_o it_o for_o want_v of_o skilful_a pilot_n and_o good_a havens_n and_o the_o people_n that_o 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the_o southern_a land_n which_o be_v call_v new-holland_n where_o lie_v carpentaria_fw-la the_o land_n of_o diemens_n witz_n endracht_n edels_n lewin_n and_o nuitz_n several_a factory_n in_o persia_n as_o at_o gombru_n congo_n and_o ispahan_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n at_o agra_n amadabat_n cambaya_n baroche_n surrat_n ogueli_n kasan-basar_a daca_n patna_n and_o bipilipatan_n in_o decan_n at_o fingerla_fw-fr in_o coromandel_n at_o tenega-patan_a at_o golconda_n maslipatan_n palicate_a datscheron_n and_o bincola-patan_a in_o pegu_n at_o ava_n and_o siriam_n in_o siam_n at_o odia_fw-la in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n at_o titou_n priamam_fw-la indapout_n cillebar_v jambi_n palimbam_fw-la and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n at_o bantam_n and_o japatra_n in_o the_o island_n of_o celebe_n at_o manada_n and_o macassar_n the_o trade_n of_o the_o island_n of_o zocotora_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o arabia_n at_o mecca_n aden_n and_o fartach_v in_o the_o island_n of_o larek_n resem_n and_o other_o near_o to_o ormus_n at_o porca_fw-la and_o most_o part_n of_o malabar_n at_o orixa_n in_o bisnegar_n in_o aracan_a in_o pegu._n at_o tanazerim_n at_o pera_n at_o ihor_n pahan_n patane_n singora_n bordelong_v ligor_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o mallaca_n at_o tunquin_n chincheo_n and_o other_o place_n of_o china_n and_o at_o rima_n in_o the_o island_n of_o borneo_n at_o naugeseque_fw-la near_o japan_n and_o exclude_v all_o other_o nation_n they_o pretend_v to_o the_o only_a trade_n upon_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o sumatra_n japan_n amboyna_n balli_n and_o other_o place_n the_o dane_n have_v also_o colony_n in_o both_o the_o indies_n they_o have_v new_a denmark_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o america_n the_o fort_n of_o frederick_n burgh_n with_o three_o bastion_n that_o command_v cape_n corso_n in_o guiny_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o christiansburgh_n in_o the_o same_o country_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o accata_n krankebar_v 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etc._n the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o sterling_a gold_n be_v in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n 23_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o one_o half_a of_o fine_a and_o half_a a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n dr._n chamberlain_n in_o his_o present_a state_n of_o england_n say_v it_o be_v now_o 22_o carrat_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o 2_o carrat_n of_o alloy_n the_o silver_n be_v 11_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o 18_o penny_n weight_n of_o alloy_n which_o also_o agree_v with_o what_o that_o author_n say_v it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o most_o proper_a measure_n in_o nature_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v weight_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o antiquity_n do_v confirm_v it_o for_o the_o shekel_n mina_n talent_n and_o drachma_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n be_v the_o name_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o weight_n of_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n this_o proportion_n must_v needs_o differ_v in_o several_a time_n and_o place_n according_a 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sometime_o a_o little_a more_o sometime_o a_o little_a less_o the_o proportion_n in_o spain_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v as_o 12_o to_o one_o in_o the_o unite_a province_n by_o the_o placcard_n 1622._o it_o be_v about_o 12_o and_o two_o three_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o gold._n and_o in_o england_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o q._n elizabeth_n the_o ancient_a sterling_a standard_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v alter_v and_o a_o pound_n of_o fine_a gold_n value_v at_o 11_o l._n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o 7_o s._n 10_o d._n over_o and_o in_o the_o second_o jacobi_n the_o proportion_n be_v 12_o for_o one_o but_o after_o raise_v by_o proclamation_n the_o proportion_n be_v 13_o l._n of_o fine_a silver_n to_o 1_o l._n of_o fine_a gold_n at_o 24_o carrat_n to_o the_o pound_n afterward_o i_o find_v it_o at_o 14_o and_o one_o three_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o it_o have_v be_v ancient_a so_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a confusion_n and_o uncertainty_n among_o coin_n for_o the_o as_o which_o be_v original_o coin_v of_o a_o pound_n weight_n by_o the_o roman_n be_v in_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n bring_v to_o two_o ounce_n and_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o it_o be_v abate_v proportionable_o by_o papirius_n it_o be_v reduce_v to_o half_a a_o ounce_n the_o denarii_fw-la of_o silver_n be_v at_o first_o currant_n for_o 10_o as_o at_o length_n reduce_v to_o a_o drachma_n which_o be_v 8_o in_o the_o ounce_n and_o the_o lesser_a part_n be_v abate_v in_o proportion_n afterward_o it_o be_v worth_a 16_o as._n and_o their_o solidiaurei_n be_v coin_v of_o 48_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o justinian_n they_o be_v 72_o in_o the_o pound_n and_o for_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n most_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v vie_v one_o upon_o another_o who_o shall_v raise_v their_o money_n high_a but_o as_o money_n be_v first_o invent_v and_o choose_v to_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o exchange_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n and_o chargeable_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o so_o be_v exchange_n of_o money_n also_o first_o devise_v to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n thereof_o from_o place_n to_o place_n by_o the_o exchange_n all_o prince_n coin_n be_v bring_v into_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_a quality_n and_o parity_n for_o the_o real_a exchange_n be_v ground_v upon_o knowledge_n of_o the_o part_n or_o value_v for_o value_v of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a country_n according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n abate_v or_o allow_v according_a to_o the_o value_n weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o though_o the_o intrinsic_a
another_o quadrangle_n of_o 400_o pace_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o stand_v three_o stately_a house_n beyond_o this_o a_o three_o and_o far_o a_o four_o court_n all_o pave_v with_o freestone_n and_o be_v 400_o space_n square_a in_o this_o stand_v the_o emperor_n throne_n and_o four_o stately_a edifice_n curious_o build_v and_o cover_v with_o costly_a roof_n adorn_v with_o gild_a gallery_n beyond_o this_o court_n be_v several_a orchard_n and_o garden_n plant_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n and_o adorn_v with_o curious_a building_n and_o thus_o flourish_v the_o palace_n of_o pekin_n rebuilt_a by_o the_o tartar_n in_o anno_fw-la 1645._o in_o or_o near_o the_o place_n of_o paot_v the_o emperor_n hoangti_n ancient_o plant_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n hokien_n stand_v a_o great_a temple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v a_o stately_a and_o great_a image_n chint_v be_v great_a and_o populous_a jenkin_n and_o junype_v be_v strong_a place_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o garizon_n tiencin_n lie_v on_o the_o bay_n xang_n it_o be_v a_o port_n or_o haven_n town_n to_o peking_n and_o of_o a_o great_a trade_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n lie_v the_o great_a garrison_n xanghaie_v on_o the_o island_n cue_n westward_o beyond_o the_o province_n of_o peck_v lie_v xansi_fw-fr on_o the_o north_n whereof_o lie_v the_o great_a wall_n and_o behind_o that_o the_o tartar_n kingdom_n of_o tangu_n and_o the_o desert_n xamo_n this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o county_n have_v eighty_o six_o city_n and_o though_o not_o very_o big_a yet_o be_v pleasant_a the_o city_n taiyven_v be_v the_o metropolis_n which_o for_o its_o antiquity_n of_o building_n stately_a and_o brave_a edifice_n be_v account_v among_o the_o best_a city_n of_o china_n at_o the_o city_n pingiany_n the_o emperor_n jau_n keep_v his_o court_n within_o the_o wall_n and_o without_o the_o gate_n of_o fuencheu_fw-la stand_n two_o stately_a ancient_a and_o magnificent_a building_n the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la extend_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o prester_n john_n cascar_n and_o thebet_n which_o the_o chineses_n in_o a_o general_a name_n call_v sifan_n it_o be_v a_o large_a province_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o county_n have_v one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o city_n sigan_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a seat_v on_o the_o river_n guei_n in_o a_o most_o pleasant_a and_o delightful_a place_n of_o a_o noble_a prospect_n and_o good_a trade_n in_o the_o year_n 1625_o a_o stone_n be_v find_v in_o dig_v a_o foundation_n for_o a_o house_n inscribe_v with_o the_o old_a chinese_n and_o syriack_n character_n which_o contain_v the_o christian_a religion_n cungchand_n fungciang_n hanchung_a kingyang_n and_o linyao_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o same_o name_n socheu_o be_v a_o strong_a hold_n and_o well_o fortify_v and_o xancheu_o or_o cancheu_fw-la be_v very_o strong_a and_o the_o residence_n of_o a_o vice_n roy._n xantung_v may_v just_o be_v esteem_v a_o island_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n on_o one_o side_n and_o separate_v by_o several_a river_n on_o the_o other_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o country_n chinan_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v very_o large_a and_o full_a of_o stately_a house_n have_v two_o lake_n within_o its_o wall_n out_o of_o which_o flow_v several_a little_a stream_n through_o the_o whole_a city_n it_o be_v also_o adorn_v with_o several_a stately_a temple_n among_o the_o great_a city_n of_o this_o province_n lince_v exceed_v in_o inhabitant_n building_n and_o trade_n but_o above_o all_o for_o its_o porcelain_n tower_n ninety_o cubit_n high_a curious_o adorn_v with_o imagery_n and_o paint_n without_o and_z within_z lay_v with_o marble_n of_o divers_a colour_n smooth_o polish_v on_o the_o top_n stand_v a_o image_n cast_v of_o copper_n and_o gilt_n thirty_o foot_n high_a the_o province_n of_o honan_n by_o the_o chineses_n think_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n because_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o china_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o nine_o territory_n or_o country_n have_v one_o hundred_o and_o eight_o city_n the_o chief_a city_n caifung_a lie_v about_o two_o league_n from_o the_o yellow_a river_n who_o water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o city_n the_o other_o chief_a city_n be_v qunte_n changte_n honan_n nunyang_n and_o june_v suchuen_n be_v a_o great_a province_n and_o separate_v by_o the_o river_n kiang_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o country_n contain_v one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o city_n beside_o garrison_n cingtu_fw-la be_v the_o metropolis_n and_o lie_v in_o a_o island_n yet_o include_v several_a moat_n over_o which_o be_v many_o bridge_n pain_n xunk_v sincheu_o chungk_v quicheu_o luggan_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o province_n the_o province_n huqâ—â—ng_n be_v divide_v also_o in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o river_n kiang_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o fish_n and_o rice_n and_o the_o storehouse_n of_o china_n and_o have_v a_o proverb_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n afford_v they_o but_o one_o meal_n but_o that_o of_o huquang_n feed_v they_o all_o the_o year_n long_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o fifteen_o country_n contain_v one_o hundred_o city_n great_a and_o small_a and_o eleven_o garrison_n the_o metropolis_n whereof_o be_v vuchang_n on_o the_o south_n shore_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n hanyang_n siangyang_n tegan_n hâ—angcheu_o kingcheu_o jocheu_o changxa_fw-la paok_v hancheu_o chant_v xincheu_o jungcheu_o chingyang_n and_o chingtien_n be_v the_o other_o chief_a city_n and_o chingcheu_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o a_o little_a territory_n of_o the_o same_o name_n kiangsi_n be_v divide_v into_o thirteen_o country_n contane_v 67_o city_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v nanchang_n once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n jaocheu_o quassin_n kicukiang_n kienchang_n linkiang_n kiegan_n kancheu_o be_v other_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o province_n near_o jaocheu_o and_o no_o where_o else_o be_v that_o water_n to_o be_v find_v which_o bring_v porcelain_n to_o perfection_n especial_o when_o they_o intend_v it_o a_o azure_a vermillion_a or_o yellow_a tincture_n the_o last_o traveller_n into_o china_n tell_v we_o that_o porcelain_n be_v make_v of_o a_o particular_a sand_n or_o earth_n which_o be_v fetch_v out_o of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n hoiecheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v bury_v a_o whole_a age_n together_o as_o other_o idle_o affirm_v for_o the_o chinesâ—s_v only_o knead_v this_o sand_n or_o earth_n together_o and_o make_v vessel_n of_o it_o which_o they_o bake_v in_o furnace_n for_o fifteen_o day_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a art_n or_o secret_n which_o they_o conceal_v from_o stranger_n the_o province_n of_o fâ—kien_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o county_n and_o contain_v sixty_o city_n and_o town_n focheu_o or_o hocksieu_n be_v the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v seat_v about_o fifteen_o league_n westward_o from_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o southern_a shore_n of_o the_o river_n min_n which_o with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o bring_v both_o small_a and_o great_a vessel_n up_o to_o the_o city_n wall_n it_o be_v populous_a and_o of_o great_a trade_n where_o the_o dutch_a also_o have_v sometime_o a_o factory_a in_o the_o year_n 1662._o the_o city_n chiencheu_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o delightful_a plain_n with_o a_o large_a bay_n that_o the_o great_a ship_n ride_v close_o under_o the_o wall_n chaucheu_o of_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o rich_a and_o foreign_a commodity_n kien_v upon_o the_o river_n min_n be_v a_o place_n or_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o commodity_n pass_v through_o it_o hinhoa_n be_v neat_o build_v adorn_v with_o many_o triumphant_a arch_n and_o college_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o learning_n xaouw_o and_o tincheu_fw-la be_v also_o considerable_a fon_v be_v also_o fair_a and_o large_a lie_v near_o the_o sea._n the_o castle_n ganhui_n near_o changeheu_fw-la have_v a_o convenient_a haven_n for_o ship_n and_o tinyan_n be_v a_o fort_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o fertility_n of_o soil_n delightfulness_n in_o prospect_n and_o in_o plenty_n of_o silk_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o eleven_o great_a country_n have_v eighty_o three_o city_n or_o town_n beside_o unwall_v place_n castle_n and_o populous_a village_n hanchew_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n think_v to_o be_v the_o ancient_a quinzay_n kiah_v be_v mote_v about_o with_o rivulet_n of_o water_n full_a of_o stately_a and_o well_o build_v structure_n all_o the_o street_n be_v arch_v under_o which_o they_o walk_v as_o in_o a_o piazzo_n free_a from_o
be_v rich._n a_o new_a map_n of_o virginia_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n no_o soon_o have_v colonus_n alias_o columbus_n make_v his_o prime_a discovery_n of_o the_o western_a world_n when_o second_v by_o john_n cabot_n a_o venetian_a the_o father_n of_o sebastian_n cabot_n in_o behalf_n by_o the_o encouragement_n and_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1497_o discover_v all_o this_o coast_n from_o the_o cape_n of_o florida_n in_o the_o south_n beyond_o newfoundland_n in_o the_o north_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o latitude_n of_o 67_o and_o half_a cause_v the_o sachims_n or_o petit-king_n to_o turn_v homager_n to_o the_o king_n and_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o discovery_n by_o the_o two_o cabot_n father_n and_o son_n do_v first_o entitle_v he_o crown_v of_o england_n to_o the_o right_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land._n this_o design_n be_v after_o second_v by_o mr._n hare_n bring_v thence_o certain_a of_o the_o say_a petit-king_n who_o do_v homage_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o rediscover_v by_o the_o direction_n and_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n anno_fw-la 1584._o who_o send_v mr._n philip_n amadas_n and_o mr._n arthur_n barlow_n do_v take_v possession_n thereof_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n name_n in_o honour_n of_o who_o he_o cause_v all_o the_o say_v tract_n of_o land_n to_o be_v call_v virginia_n some_o say_v it_o be_v so_o call_v by_o the_o queen_n herself_o by_o the_o native_n call_v apalchen_n but_o virginia_n be_v now_o circumscribe_v by_o that_o space_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o mary-land_n which_o bound_v it_o on_o the_o north_n and_o carolina_n on_o the_o south_n new-england_n new-york_n new-jersey_n mary-land_n carolina_n and_o pensilvania_n have_v since_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o by_o particular_a patent_n and_o make_v distinct_a province_n of_o themselves_o the_o entrance_n by_o sea_n into_o this_o country_n be_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o chesapeac_n between_o cape_n henry_n and_o cape_n charles_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o virginia_n be_v 1._o powhatan_n now_o call_v james_n river_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o chesapeac_n this_o river_n be_v at_o its_o entrance_n about_o three_o mile_n wide_a and_o navigable_a about_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n 2._o pamaunkee_n term_v york_n river_n fourteen_o mile_n northward_o from_o james_n river_n navigable_a now_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o mile_n but_o with_o small_a vessel_n about_o thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n far_o 3._o rappahanoc_n ancient_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o toppahanoc_n navigable_a about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o mile_n beside_o these_o navigable_a and_o more_o principal_a river_n there_o be_v other_o small_a river_n and_o of_o less_o note_n which_o fall_v into_o some_o or_o other_o of_o the_o forementioned_a into_o powhattan_n fall_v apumatuc_n southward_o eastward_o quyonycahanuc_fw-la nunsamund_n and_o chesopeac_n northward_o chickâ—mabania_n into_o pamuunkee_n fall_n poyankatank_n that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n now_o plant_v by_o the_o english_a be_v divide_v into_o nineteen_o county_n viz._n on_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o country_n of_o northampton_n in_o acomack_n on_o the_o western_a shore_n the_o county_n of_o caratuck_n lower-norfolk_n nansemund_n isle_n of_o wight_n surry_n warwick_n henrico_n james_n charles_n york_n new-kent_n gloucester_n middlesex_n lancaster_n northumberland_n westmoreland_z rappahanock_n and_o hartford_n of_o the_o few_o town_n hitherto_o erect_v in_o this_o colony_n the_o chief_a be_v james_n town_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o denominate_v from_o and_o in_o honour_n of_o king_n james_z of_o great_a britain_n this_o town_n be_v situate_v in_o a_o peninsula_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o james-river_n and_o have_v in_o it_o many_o fair_a house_n whereof_o some_o be_v of_o brick_n and_o at_o a_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o city_n be_v a_o fair_a brick_n house_n call_v green-spring_n when_o e_o the_o present_a governor_n himself_o usual_o reside_v the_o other_o english_a town_n of_o most_o considerable_a note_n be_v only_o three_o viz._n henricopolis_n or_o henry_n town_n situate_v about_o eighty_o mile_n from_o james_n city_n far_o within_o land_n dale_n gift_n so_o name_v from_o sir_n thomas_n dale_n deputy-governor_n in_o the_o year_n 1610_o at_o who_o charge_n it_o be_v build_v and_o plant_v and_o elizabeth_n city_n contain_v several_a good_a house_n of_o brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o james_n city_n only_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n though_o english_a and_o other_o foreign_a coin_n be_v not_o whole_o want_v here_o upon_o several_a occasion_n yet_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o traffic_n be_v by_o exchange_n of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o but_o the_o general_a standard_n by_o which_o all_o other_o commodity_n receive_v their_o value_n be_v tobacco_n which_o of_o all_o other_o commodity_n this_o country_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v have_v be_v hitherto_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o planter_n industry_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n one_o call_v sweet-scented_n the_o other_o call_v oranoac_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o bright_a and_o large_a the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o great_a price_n the_o other_o more_o in_o quantity_n the_o plantation_n that_o be_v judge_v to_o produce_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o sweet-scented_n be_v upon_o york_n river_n of_o this_o commodity_n of_o tobacco_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n plant_v in_o virginia_n and_o import_v from_o thence_o into_o england_n that_o the_o custom_n and_o excise_n pay_v for_o it_o in_o england_n yield_v the_o king_n about_o 50000_o or_o 60000_o pound_n sterling_n yearly_o for_o there_o be_v bind_v hither_o every_o year_n above_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o sail_n of_o ship_n from_o england_n and_o other_o english_a 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