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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
land_n hold_v manor_n tenure_n 1,341 5 12.5333 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A17593 The relation betweene the lord of a mannor and the coppy-holder his tenant. Delivered in the learned readings of the late excellent and famous lawyer, Char. Calthrope of the Honorable Society of Lincolnes-Inne Esq; whereby it doth appeare for what causes a coppy-holder may forfeite his coppy-hold estate, and for what not; and like wise what lord can grant a coppy, and to whom. Published for the good of the lords of mannors, and their tenants Calthrope, Charles, Sir, d. 1616. 1635 (1635) STC 4369; ESTC S107474 36,082 104

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divide_a chapter_n thereof_o differ_v from_o his_o tenement_n in_o villeinage_n show_v there_o the_o suit_n and_o plaint_n of_o copyholders_n say_v that_o they_o have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o deliver_v his_o own_o opinion_n that_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n do_v his_o service_n be_v compel_v by_o the_o lord_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o transgression_n and_o say_v that_o danby_n and_o brian_n 21._o ed._n 4._o be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n according_a to_o which_o be_v bracton_n and_o the_o say_a precedent_n of_o hen._n 3._o and_o the_o writ_n use_v in_o tempore_fw-la r._n 2._o beside_o many_o other_o reason_n at_o the_o common-law_n etc._n etc._n prove_v that_o by_o use_n and_o circumstance_n thing_n may_v alter_v and_o change_v their_o original_a nature_n as_o for_o example_n the_o service_n of_o socage_n tenure_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n as_o mr._n littleton_n say_v to_o till_o the_o lord_n land_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o now_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n be_v turn_v into_o money_n and_o other_o service_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o even_o so_o may_v be_v say_v of_o coppy-holds_a as_o long_o as_o the_o tenant_n themselves_o be_v free_a though_o their_o tenure_n be_v at_o beginning_n never_o so_o bind_v and_o base_a yet_o by_o course_n of_o time_n they_o may_v gain_v more_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n and_o grow_v to_o more_o estimation_n and_o account_n an_o other_o reason_n and_o rule_v there_o be_v at_o the_o common-law_n to_o this_o intent_n that_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o in_o the_o beginning_n be_v but_o voluntary_a and_o yet_o in_o the_o end_n by_o continuance_n become_v compulsary_a as_o appear_v 27_o ass_n prescript_n bract._n that_o a_o man_n that_o do_v at_o the_o first_o of_o his_o own_o mere_a benevolence_n repair_v a_o high_a way_n or_o a_o bridge_n by_o often_o use_v be_v afterward_o compel_v volens_fw-la nolens_fw-la even_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o copyholders_n who_o at_o the_o first_o hold_v but_o at_o the_o free_a will_n of_o the_o lord_n yet_o now_o by_o usage_n and_o continual_a grant_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n they_o have_v get_v a_o estate_n after_o the_o custom_n that_o do_v their_o service_n and_o behave_v themselves_o well_o they_o can_v by_o law_n or_o reason_n be_v put_v from_o they_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o allowance_n of_o copyholders_n by_o the_o common-law_n now_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o reputation_n of_o they_o by_o the_o statute_n and_o parliament_n law_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 3._o law_n 4._o &_o 19_o hen._n 7._o 23._o that_o a_o coppyholder_n that_o may_v dispend_v twenty_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n by_o the_o year_n shall_v be_v empanel_v on_o a_o jury_n as_o he_o that_o may_v dispend_v twenty_o shilling_n by_o the_o year_n of_o free_a land_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 2._o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o the_o interest_n of_o copyholders_n be_v reserve_v be_v find_v by_o office_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n as_o well_o as_o other_o estate_n at_o the_o common-law_n and_o so_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o monastery_n 31._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 13._o &_o 1_o edw._n 6._o cap._n 14._o preserve_v coppy-holds_a from_o dissolve_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o copyholders_n be_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v maintain_v for_o that_o some_o have_v be_v erect_v and_o establish_v by_o parliament_n which_o be_v not_o the_o visible_a by_o copy_n before_o as_o appear_z by_o the_o statute_n 32_o hen._n 8._o 2._o 2._o ed._n 32._o what_o shall_v be_v say_v a_o manor_n and_o a_o manor_n as_o will_v maintain_v a_o copyhold_n a_o manor_n consist_v in_o two_o part_n viz._n demesne_n and_o service_n and_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o part_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o manor_n without_o the_o other_o for_o as_o a_o message_n or_o land_n can_v be_v call_v demesne_n without_o tenement_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o pay_v rent_n and_o do_v service_n but_o do_v still_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o message_n or_o land_n so_o on_o the_o other_o part_n though_o a_o man_n have_v tenement_n to_o pay_v he_o rent_n and_o do_v he_o service_n and_o no_o message_n or_o land_n whereupon_o to_o keep_v his_o court_n and_o to_o receive_v his_o rent_n and_o service_n this_o can_v be_v call_v a_o manor_n but_o only_o a_o signiory_n in_o gross_a fitz._n na_o brev_n s_o 3._o &_o 8._o demean_n be_v so_o call_v for_o that_o the_o lord_n himself_o occupy_v and_o manure_v they_o in_o son_n main_a demean_v but_o all_o land_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o lord_n own_o hand_n be_v not_o call_v demean_n for_o all_o freehold_n and_o coppy-holds_a be_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o the_o beginning_n but_o demean_n be_v that_o which_o be_v now_o and_o time_n our_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v in_o the_o lord_n hand_n or_o occupation_n of_o his_o bay_a life_n or_o servant_n and_o that_o also_o which_o ancient_a copyhold_n may_v be_v to_o some_o purpose_n call_v demesne_n because_o in_o every_o surrender_n in_o manus_fw-la domini_fw-la and_o every_o grant_v extra_fw-la manus_fw-la domini_fw-la the_o lord_n have_v a_o meddle_v with_o it_o and_o may_v thereupon_o keep_v his_o court_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cut_v down_o timber_n and_o such_o like_a and_o that_o it_o be_v also_o call_v demesne_n which_o now_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n hand_n by_o any_o new_a escheat_n or_o forfeiture_n and_o also_o the_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o copyholders_n be_v such_o a_o demean_v as_o with_o other_o service_n will_v make_v a_o manor_n though_o the_o lord_n have_v none_o other_o demean_n there_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n nor_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o bailiff_n or_o servant_n service_n as_o with_o a_o demean_v shall_v make_v a_o manor_n to_o maintain_v coppy-holds_a be_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v land_n or_o tenement_n free_o to_o suit_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n within_o the_o say_a fee_n but_o yet_o every_o kind_n of_o service_n will_v not_o make_v a_o manor_n for_o service_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n viz._n that_o be_v by_o tenure_n and_o by_o covenant_n service_n by_o tenure_n be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n as_o if_o a_o man_n at_o this_o day_n give_v his_o land_n in_o tail_n or_o lease_v it_o for_o life_n or_o year_n save_v the_o reversion_n here_o be_v a_o service_n of_o fealty_n incident_a to_o this_o tenure_n between_o the_o donor_n or_o the_o lessor_n and_o the_o donee_n or_o the_o lessee_n and_o yet_o though_o this_o be_v a_o service_n by_o tenure_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o such_o service_n as_o will_v make_v a_o manor_n for_o if_o a_o man_n at_o this_o day_n be_v seize_v of_o twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o enfeff_v nineteen_o several_a person_n of_o nineteen_o of_o these_o acre_n save_v the_o twenty_o to_o himself_o and_o reserve_v of_o every_o of_o his_o fcofee_n suit_n of_o the_o court_n and_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v to_o this_o court_n to_o be_v hold_v on_o the_o twenty_o acre_n though_o the_o feofment_n be_v by_o deed_n indent_v or_o in_o tail_n or_o of_o life_n yet_o all_o be_v void_a and_o avail_v not_o to_o make_v a_o manor_n but_o it_o make_v only_o a_o tenure_n in_o gross_a for_o a_o tenure_n may_v by_o divers_a mean_n be_v create_v at_o this_o day_n but_o a_o manor_n by_o no_o way_n by_o a_o common_a person_n blow_n com._n 2._o 693._o a_o manor_n must_v be_v by_o prescription_n and_o the_o service_n by_o continuance_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o although_o a_o man_n at_o this_o day_n can_v make_v a_o manor_n yet_o he_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n enlarge_v a_o manor_n by_o add_v more_o service_n unto_o it_o 9_o ass_n a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n do_v give_v parcel_n of_o the_o same_o to_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o suit_n to_o his_o mill_n within_o the_o same_o manor_n for_o this_o service_n the_o lord_n may_v distrayne_v and_o it_o be_v their_o hold_v to_o be_v account_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o man_n may_v by_o reserve_v upon_o a_o gift_n intayle_v or_o lease_n for_o life_n service_n engross_v aston_n increase_v the_o service_n of_o a_o ancient_a manor_n signior_n grant_v le_fw-fr demesne_n &_o service_n deal_v son_n manor_n de_fw-fr norkelsey_n etc._n etc._n lincolnsinne_n extend_v en_fw-fr auter_n town_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr melior_fw-la opinion_n des_fw-fr justice_n de_fw-fr common_a bank_n le_fw-fr grantee_fw-mi etc._n etc._n keep_v a_o court_n there_o and_o so_o a_o manor_n to_o be_v create_v at_o this_o day_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v a_o manor_n or_o a_o tenure_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n or_o common-law_n and_o what_o in_o respect_n of_o usage_n or_o
custom_n to_o maintain_v copyholders_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o although_o a_o manor_n of_o his_o proper_a aught_o to_o consist_v of_o demean_n and_o service_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n that_o may_v be_v a_o manor_n and_o maintain_v copyholders_n and_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr by_o usage_n and_o custom_n which_o otherwise_o by_o common_a law_n be_v no_o manor_n nor_o can_v so_o be_v call_v etc._n etc._n a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n whereunto_o be_v divers_a free_a tenant_n divers_a copyholders_n and_o divers_a special_a customary_a tenant_n and_o the_o customary_a tenant_n do_v hold_v to_o give_v attendance_n on_o the_o free_a holder_n at_o the_o lord_n court_n all_o the_o free_a tenant_n die_v save_v one_o the_o lord_n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v the_o manor_n to_o a_o estranger_fw-fr this_o be_v now_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o free_a tenement_n a_o tenure_n and_o no_o manor_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o copyholders_n both_o a_o manor_n and_o tenure_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o customary_a tenement_n neither_o manor_n nor_o tenure_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n to_o dine_v with_o the_o lord_n every_o sunday_n in_o the_o year_n this_o make_v neither_o good_a tenure_n nor_o manor_n but_o if_o they_o hold_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o lord_n every_o sunday_n at_o dinner_n and_o to_o dine_v with_o he_o this_o make_v a_o good_a service_n but_o no_o good_a tenure_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n by_o copy_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o d._n and_o so_o have_v do_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o by_o the_o like_a time_n there_o have_v be_v no_o free_a holder_n to_o the_o say_a manor_n although_o this_o be_v no_o manor_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n yet_o by_o usage_n it_o be_v a_o good_a manor_n to_o maintain_v coppy-holds_a a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o s._n and_o do_v demise_n the_o same_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o s._n this_o be_v good_a if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n whereto_o be_v six_o free_a holder_n and_o six_o villain_n regardant_o the_o six_o free_a holder_n dye_n have_v issue_n six_o daughter_n the_o villain_n enterrary_a with_o they_o yet_o the_o same_o be_v a_o manor_n and_o the_o villain_n thereto_o regardant_a if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n whereto_o he_o have_v leet_n and_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n all_o the_o tenancye_n escheat_n yet_o the_o leete_n and_o the_o wreck_n still_o remain_v and_o it_o be_v a_o manor_n to_o that_o purpose_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n by_o prescription_n to_o find_v the_o lord_n man_n meat_n and_o hound_n meat_n when_o he_o come_v to_o hunt_v the_o fox_n in_o the_o say_a land_n this_o make_v a_o good_a tenure_n but_o no_o good_a manor_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n to_o do_v suit_n and_o service_n at_o the_o lord_n court_n this_o be_v most_o proper_o such_o service_n as_o make_v a_o manor_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o do_v suit_n and_o service_n at_o the_o lord_n couri_n when_o it_o please_v themselves_o this_o be_v neither_o manor_n nor_o tenure_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n to_o repair_v a_o high_a way_n within_o a_o mile_n compass_n without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n this_o make_v a_o good_a tenure_n but_o no_o manor_n but_o to_o repair_v or_o mend_v the_o way_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v good_a to_o enlarge_v the_o manor_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n to_o pray_v for_o the_o prosperous_a estate_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o heir_n this_o make_v a_o tenure_n but_o no_o good_a manor_n if_o divers_a do_v hold_v land_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o at_o twenty_o day_n warning_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o manor_n this_o make_v a_o good_a service_n but_o no_o good_a tenure_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o lord_n within_o the_o say_a manor_n by_o certain_a space_n this_o make_v both_o a_o good_a tenure_n and_o a_o good_a manor_n if_o divers_a hold_n land_n to_o beat_v or_o kill_v the_o lord_n tenant_n that_o shall_v do_v trespass_n on_o the_o lord_n demesne_n this_o be_v neither_o good_a tenure_n nor_o good_a manor_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o beat_v and_o kill_v the_o king_n enemy_n that_o shall_v do_v so_o this_o make_v both_o a_o good_a tenure_n and_o a_o good_a manor_n if_o divers_n hold_v land_n by_o prescription_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o court_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a at_o a_o place_n certain_a this_o be_v both_o a_o good_a tenure_n and_o a_o good_a manor_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o do_v service_n to_o his_o court_n at_o another_o manor_n this_o without_o prescription_n can_v be_v severance_n from_o the_o first_o manor_n if_o divers_n do_v hold_v to_o come_v to_o the_o lord_n court_n and_o there_o to_o do_v nothing_o this_o make_v neither_o good_a tenure_n nor_o good_a manor_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o court_n though_o not_o to_o be_v of_o the_o homage_n yet_o to_o offer_v amersement_n or_o make_v certificate_n or_o any_o other_o service_n to_o the_o lord_n this_o make_v a_o good_a tenure_n and_o a_o manor_n if_o any_o do_v hold_v land_n to_o do_v divine_a service_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n in_o the_o court-house_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o court_n this_o make_v both_o a_o good_a tenure_n and_o a_o good_a manor_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v a_o good_a custom_n to_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v coppy-holds_a a_o custom_n to_o make_v a_o copyhold_n must_v be_v of_o necessity_n in_o the_o same_o manor_n where_o the_o say_v coppy-holds_a be_v so_o grant_v viz._n that_o the_o same_o land_n be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v only_o demise_v and_o demisable_v by_o copy_n of_o court_n role_n for_o otherwise_o the_o lord_n can_v grant_v it_o by_o copy_n because_o he_o can_v begin_v a_o custom_n at_o this_o day_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v by_o like_a time_n grant_v by_o copy_n though_o since_o it_o come_v to_o the_o lord_n hand_n yet_o if_o the_o lord_n never_o demise_n the_o same_o by_o free_a deed_n nor_o otherwise_o but_o by_o copy_n than_o he_o may_v well_o grant_v again_o the_o same_o by_o copy_n for_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n nor_o the_o occupation_n of_o the_o land_n that_o either_o make_v or_o mar_v the_o copyhold_n but_o only_o the_o usage_n and_o manner_n of_o demise_v the_o same_o for_o the_o prescription_n of_o a_o coppyholder_n consist_v neither_o in_o the_o land_n nor_o in_o the_o occupier_n but_o only_o in_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o demise_a the_o division_n of_o custom_n viz._n custom_n prescription_n usage_n and_o limitation_n these_o four_o though_o they_o be_v in_o some_o confound_v custom_n together_o and_o indeed_o be_v of_o great_a affinity_n yet_o there_o be_v divers_a difference_n in_o their_o several_a nature_n between_o they_o custom_n be_v where_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n a_o right_n be_v obtain_v concern_v divers_a person_n in_o common_a prescription_n be_v where_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n one_o particular_a person_n obtain_v right_o against_o a_o other_o usage_n be_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o they_o both_o limitation_n be_v where_o a_o right_n may_v be_v obtain_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o non_fw-fr claim_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n differ_v in_o the_o account_v of_o time_n from_o custom_n and_o prescription_n but_o what_o measure_n of_o time_n shall_v make_v a_o custom_n divers_a have_v differ_v in_o opinion_n some_o judge_v the_o same_o to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ed._n 1._o until_o the_o statute_n of_o m._n 1._o which_o appoint_v the_o limitation_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n the_o account_n of_o which_o time_n unto_o the_o say_a statute_n from_o the_o say_v k._n time_n be_v 76._o year_n other_o have_v think_v a_o hundred_o year_n make_v a_o prescription_n because_o in_o old_a time_n a_o hundred_o year_n be_v account_v a_o fee_n simple_a but_o the_o true_a measure_n thereof_o according_a to_o master_n littleton_n rule_n be_v where_o a_o custom_n or_o usage_n or_o other_o thing_n have_v be_v use_v so_o long_o as_o man_n memory_n can_v remember_v the_o contrary_n that_o be_v when_o such_o matter_n be_v plead_v that_o no_o man_n then_o in_o life_n have_v not_o hear_v any_o thing_n nor_o know_v any_o proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o custom_n and_o prescription_n rest_v only_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n &_o limitation_n consist_v only_o of_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o have_v a_o
right_n or_o in_o some_o other_o a_o sufficient_a ability_n or_o capacity_n to_o prescribe_v touch_v the_o first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o he_o which_o will_v prescribe_v must_v have_v a_o certain_a and_o indefeazable_a estate_n and_o not_o otherwise_o as_o if_o a_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o at_o sufferance_n after_o he_o have_v occupy_v the_o land_n for_o ten_o year_n will_v prescribe_v to_o have_v the_o same_o for_o ten_o year_n this_o be_v not_o good_a but_o a_o tenant_n at_o will_n after_o the_o custom_n although_o he_o come_v in_o at_o the_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n will_v yet_o do_v and_o pay_v that_o which_o he_o ought_v he_o may_v prescribe_v to_o hold_v the_o land_n whether_o the_o lord_n will_v or_o no_o and_o although_o a_o coppyholder_n may_v prescribe_v in_o this_o form_n against_o his_o lord_n yet_o against_o a_o estranger_fw-fr for_o a_o common_a or_o such_o like_a kind_n of_o profit_n he_o can_v prescribe_v b●t_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lord_n neither_o yet_o can_v a_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n prescribe_v in_o the_o right_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n only_o because_o it_o lack_v continuance_n to_o make_v a_o custom_n or_o prescription_n except_o in_o some_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n or_o of_o a_o patronage_n for_o year_n or_o life_n may_v grant_v a_o copy_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o presentation_n for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o grantor_n do_v continue_v and_o this_o be_v admit_v causa_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la and_o not_o jure_fw-la prescriptionis_fw-la to_o the_o second_o capacity_n must_v be_v in_o himself_o that_o do_v prescribe_v which_o ability_n and_o capacity_n must_v consist_v in_o the_o person_n of_o he_o that_o do_v prescribe_v for_o as_o prescription_n may_v be_v sometime_o in_o respect_n of_o estate_n manor_n land_n or_o office_n so_o may_v prescription_n sometime_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o person_n which_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o private_a person_n but_o of_o a_o body_n politic_a not_o that_o many_o person_n may_v prescribe_v except_o the_o same_o be_v incorporate_a and_o to_o prescribe_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o incorporate_a capacity_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o private_a capacity_n as_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dale_n will_v prescribe_v to_o have_v common_a in_o the_o soil_n of_o s._n this_o be_v no_o good_a prescription_n for_o that_o they_o be_v not_o incorporate_v they_o must_v prescribe_v that_o h._n lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o dale_n for_o he_o and_o his_o tenan_n within_o the_o say_a manor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v common_a within_o the_o sai_fw-fr soil_n so_o be_v it_o for_o coppy-holds_a for_o they_o must_v prescribe_v in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o lord_n in_o such_o a_o case_n if_o a_o man_n prescribe_v that_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v have_v such_o a_o annuity_n this_o be_v not_o good_a but_o if_o a_o bishop_n do_v prescribe_v that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v have_v such_o a_o annuity_n this_o be_v good_a the_o plead_n of_o prescription_n must_v be_v use_v in_o form_n of_o law_n as_o other_o matter_n that_o be_v pleadable_a and_o form_n must_v be_v use_v likewise_o in_o plead_v of_o coppy-holds_a and_o other_o customary_a title_n for_o avoid_v of_o confusion_n and_o discord_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o case_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o form_n of_o plead_v prescription_n do_v differ_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thing_n whereof_o prescription_n be_v make_v and_o sometime_o do_v differ_v as_o the_o person_n do_v differ_v which_o make_v the_o prescription_n as_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n make_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o prescription_n he_o must_v plead_v that_o the_o same_o land_n be_v and_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n demise_v and_o demiseable_a by_o the_o copy_n of_o court_n role_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o it_o be_v hold_v if_o two_o man_n as_o young_a brethren_n will_v make_v their_o title_n to_o land_n in_o gavell-kinde_n they_o must_v say_v that_o the_o same_o land_n be_v of_o the_o tenure_n and_o nature_n of_o gavell-kinde_n which_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v part_v and_o partable_a between_o heir_n male_n so_o if_o the_o young_a son_n make_v his_o title_n to_o land_n in_o borough_n english_a he_o must_v plead_v that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n have_v be_v that_o when_o or_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o a_o copy_n holder_n die_v seize_v of_o any_o copyhold_n land_n in_o the_o same_o manor_n have_v divers_a son_n that_o the_o same_o have_v use_v jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la to_o descend_v unto_o the_o young_a son_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o the_o form_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o thing_n whereof_o the_o prescription_n be_v common_o make_v so_o do_v it_o differ_v as_o the_o person_n do_v differ_v which_o prescribe_v as_o a_o private_a person_n shall_v prescribe_v in_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n who_o estate_n he_o have_v an_fw-mi incorporate_v person_n in_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n in_o he_o and_o they_o which_o be_v lord_n of_o that_o manor_n a_o sheriff_n in_o he_o and_o those_o which_o have_v be_v sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n a_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n in_o he_o and_o those_o which_o have_v be_v steward_n there_o a_o free_a holder_n in_o he_o and_o they_o which_o have_v be_v steward_n to_o the_o say_a lord_n a_o coppyholder_n shall_v prescribe_v against_o a_o estranger_fw-fr that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o he_o and_o his_o tenant_n at_o will_n have_v use_v the_o like_a etc._n etc._n what_o necessity_n a_o court_n baron_n be_v of_o whereof_o it_o do_v consist_v how_o it_o be_v define_v and_o what_o shall_v be_v say_v a_o sufficient_a court_n role_n to_o make_v a_o copyhold_n every_o mavour_n have_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr incident_a to_o it_o of_o common_a right_n and_o common_a necessity_n and_o this_o court_n baron_n consist_v of_o four_o special_a part_n viz._n the_o lord_n the_o steward_n the_o tenant_n and_o the_o bailiff_n a_o court_n baron_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o these_o part_n together_o within_o the_o say_a manor_n to_o take_v council_n care_n and_o inquire_v of_o cause_n concern_v the_o same_o manor_n to_o see_v justice_n due_o execute_v the_o act_n and_o ordinance_n there_o do_v to_o be_v record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o same_o court_n which_o roll_n be_v the_o evidence_n of_o all_o ordinance_n duty_n custom_n and_o conveyance_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o be_v to_o be_v enter_v by_o the_o steward_n or_o a_o officer_n indifferent_a between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o the_o same_o roll_n to_o remain_v with_o the_o lord_n thereby_o to_o know_v his_o tenant_n his_o rent_n and_o his_o fine_n his_o custom_n and_o his_o service_n and_o the_o particular_a grant_n of_o every_o copyhold_n to_o be_v coppy_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o copy_n thereof_o to_o be_v deliver_v to_o every_o particular_a tenant_n neither_o can_v they_o make_v any_o other_o title_n to_o their_o say_a tennement_n but_o by_o their_o say_a copy_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v copyhold_n land_n surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n will_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o tenant_n out_o of_o the_o court_n grant_v the_o same_o to_o a_o other_o and_o the_o steward_n enter_v the_o same_o into_o the_o court_n book_n and_o make_v thereof_o a_o copy_n to_o the_o grantee_n and_o the_o lord_n die_v before_o the_o next_o court_n this_o be_v no_o good_a copy_n to_o hold_v the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o same_o surrender_n and_o grant_v be_v present_v at_o the_o next_o court_n in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o grantee_n admit_v tenant_n and_o a_o copy_n make_v to_o he_o this_o be_v good_a copy_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v ancient_a copyhold_n in_o his_o hand_n will_v by_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n or_o by_o a_o fine_a grant_v this_o land_n to_o one_o to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n yet_o this_o can_v make_v a_o good_a copyhold_n if_o the_o lord_n in_o open_a court_n do_v grant_v a_o copyhold_n land_n and_o the_o steward_n make_v no_o entry_n thereof_o in_o the_o court_n roles_n this_o be_v not_o good_a though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o public_a do_v nor_o no_o collateral_a proof_n can_v make_v it_o good_a but_o if_o the_o tenant_n have_v no_o copy_n make_v unto_o he_o out_o of_o the_o role_n or_o if_o he_o lose_v his_o copy_n yet_o the_o roll_n be_v still_o a_o sufficient_a title_n for_o his_o copyhold_n if_o the_o roll_n be_v also_o lose_v yet_o it_o seem_v that_o by_o proof_n he_o can_v
make_v this_o good_a if_o ordinance_n or_o by_o law_n be_v new_o make_v and_o record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court_n if_o the_o court_n roles_n be_v lose_v the_o by_o law_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o ancient_a custom_n or_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n not_o enter_v in_o the_o roll_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o roll_n be_v lose_v yet_o they_o remain_v good_a who_o shall_v be_v say_v such_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n as_o have_v power_n to_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n a_o lord_n to_o grant_v or_o allow_v a_o copyhold_n must_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o by_o littleton_n definition_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v in_o possession_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n for_o although_o he_o have_v good_a right_n and_o title_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v not_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o manor_n it_o will_v not_o serve_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o manor_n though_o he_o have_v neither_o right_a nor_o title_n thereunto_o yet_o in_o many_o case_n the_o grant_n and_o allowance_n of_o such_o a_o copy_n be_v good_a as_o donus_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la deiure_fw-la and_o in_o some_o case_n a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v good_a according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o grant_v the_o same_o and_o in_o some_o case_n shall_v continue_v good_a for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o estate_n of_o grant_a be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o which_o be_v divers_a coppy-holds_a demisable_v for_o life_n be_v disease_v and_o the_o desessor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n be_v void_a for_o three_o life_n this_o be_v not_o good_a to_o bind_v the_o desseased_a otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o a_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n because_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o admit_v the_o next_o heir_n if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o title_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o manor_n for_o a_o condition_n break_v and_o he_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n be_v void_a at_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr this_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o court_n amount_v to_o a_o entre_fw-fr in_o the_o manor_n a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n for_o life_n whereunto_o bee_n copyhold_n inheritance_n belong_v and_o one_o coppyholder_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n in_o fee_n the_o lord_n may_v grant_v this_o in_o fee_n and_o this_o grant_n shall_v bind_v he_o in_o the_o reversion_n but_o the_o coppy-holds_a be_v demisable_v for_o life_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o than_o he_o can_v upon_o surrender_v grant_v the_o same_o long_o than_o the_o life_n of_o the_o grantor_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n for_o year_n or_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o a_o ward_n of_o which_o the_o coppy-holds_a be_v demisable_v for_o three_o life_n successive_o and_o not_o serve_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o coppyholder_n die_v the_o lord_n may_v grant_v the_o same_o be_v void_a for_o three_o life_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o shall_v bind_v he_o in_o the_o reversion_n or_o the_o heir_n at_o his_o full_a age_n who_o shall_v be_v say_v such_o a_o tenant_n as_o may_v be_v a_o coppyholder_n although_o there_o seem_v some_o show_n of_o difference_n between_o copyholders_n and_o customary_a tenant_n yet_o differ_v not_o they_o so_o much_o in_o nature_n as_o in_o name_n for_o although_o some_o be_v call_v copyholders_n some_o customary_a some_o tenant_n by_o the_o virg_n some_o base_a tenant_n some_o bind_v tenant_n and_o some_o by_o one_o name_n and_o some_o by_o another_o yet_o do_v they_o all_o agree_v in_o substance_n and_o kind_n of_o tenure_n though_o differ_v in_o some_o ceremony_n and_o kind_n of_o serve_v and_o therefore_o the_o name_n be_v not_o the_o matter_n but_o the_o tenure_n he_o shall_v be_v say_v a_o person_n sufficient_a to_o 301_o be_v a_o coppyholder_n who_o be_v of_o himself_o able_a or_o by_o a_o other_o to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o a_o coppyholder_n as_o a_o infant_n may_v be_v a_o coppyholder_n for_o his_o garden_n and_o prochein_o any_o may_v do_v the_o service_n so_o may_v a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n and_o her_o husband_n shall_v do_v the_o service_n but_o a_o lunatic_n or_o idiot_n can_v be_v a_o coppyholder_n because_o they_o can_v do_v the_o service_n themselves_o nor_o depute_v any_o other_o and_o the_o lord_n shall_v retain_v the_o copyhold_n of_o a_o idiot_n and_o not_o the_o queen_n a_o bondman_n or_o alien_n bear_a may_v be_v a_o coppyholder_n and_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n can_v seize_v the_o same_o but_o a_o man_n can_v be_v a_o coppyholder_n unto_o a_o manor_n whereof_o he_o himself_o be_v lord_n although_o he_o be_v but_o dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la annorum_fw-la or_o in_o jureuxoris_fw-la what_o shall_v be_v say_v such_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n as_o demisable_v by_o copy_n and_o may_v be_v hold_v by_o copy_n it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o copyhold_n land_n as_o be_v afore_o say_v of_o the_o tenant_n they_o may_v differ_v in_o name_n but_o not_o in_o nature_n as_o some_o call_v copyhold_n land_n some_o customary_a land_n some_o bind_v land_n some_o base_a land_n some_o ancient_a land_n some_o demean_v land_n some_o increase_n land_n some_o mollendes_n some_o waste_a land_n some_o work_n land_n some_o loose_a land_n and_o some_o verge_n land_n and_o although_o copyhold_n land_n be_v special_o so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o copdy_n of_o court_n role_n customary_a land_n because_o of_o some_o special_a custom_n bond_n land_n because_o of_o the_o bond_n tenure_n base_a land_n because_o of_o base_a tenure_n ancient_a land_n because_o of_o the_o old_a demise_n demean_v land_n because_o of_o its_o new_a demise_n and_o late_o be_v the_o lord_n own_o manor_n increase_v land_n because_o it_o be_v late_o purchase_v and_o lay_v to_o the_o manor_n mollands_n because_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o easy_a rent_n or_o no_o rent_n at_o all_o waste_v land_n because_o it_o have_v be_v late_o approve_v out_o of_o the_o waste_n of_o the_o manor_n work_v land_n such_o as_o have_v common_a appendant_a belong_v to_o it_o lose_v land_n because_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o uncertainty_n rent_n and_o verge_n land_n because_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o veirge_n yet_o all_o the_o say_a land_n be_v hold_v in_o one_o general_a kind_n that_o be_v by_o custom_n and_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o their_o diversity_n of_o their_o name_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o tenure_n it_o seem_v by_o littleton_n that_o only_a land_n and_o tenement_n be_v demisable_v by_o copy_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n will_v grant_v the_o rend_a charge_n or_o the_o office_n of_o stewardship_n or_o baylewicke_n of_o his_o manor_n by_o copy_n or_o a_o common_a in_o gross_a by_o copy_n these_o be_v not_o good_a grant_n because_o they_o tie_v not_o in_o tenure_n and_o also_o because_o the_o custom_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o but_o common_a appendent_a to_o a_o tenant_n of_o copyhold_n land_n may_v be_v demise_v with_o the_o tenant_n by_o copy_n demean_v land_n which_o within_o time_n of_o memory_n have_v be_v occupy_v by_o the_o l●rd_n himself_o or_o his_o farmour_n be_v not_o good_a to_o ●e_v grant_v by_o copy_n because_o of_o the_o newness_n of_o the_o grant_n yet_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n it_o may_v be_v good_a copyhold_n when_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o contrary_n be_v wear_v away_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o neither_o can_v the_o lord_n that_o grant_v such_o a_o copy_n put_v out_o his_o coppyholder_n during_o his_o life_n that_o grant_v the_o same_o because_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o disable_v his_o own_o grant_n if_o a_o coppyholder_n do_v surrender_v his_o copyhold_a into_o the_o lord_n hand_n mere_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v grant_v this_o again_o by_o copy_n as_o he_o may_v where_o it_o come_v unto_o he_o by_o forfeiture_n or_o by_o escheat_n because_o it_o be_v make_v parcel_n in_o demean_n by_o his_o own_o acceptance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n quaere_fw-la note_v that_o neither_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la bonis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o any_o other_o statute_n that_o have_v not_o copy_n hold_v name_v in_o it_o do_v extend_v to_o copyhold_n land_n as_o the_o statute_n staple_n 27._o ed._n 3._o nor_o the_o statute_n of_o heresy_n 2._o hen._n 5._o nor_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o henry_n the_o eight_o nor_o the_o statute_n of_o limitation_n make_v the_o same_o year_n as_o be_v how_o
without_o his_o assent_n and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o agree_v to_o his_o conscience_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o not_o do_v or_o denial_n to_o do_v his_o duty_n quaere_fw-la if_o there_o be_v 12._o and_o 11._o agree_v and_o the_o twelve_o will_v not_o for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o full_a jury_n pasche_n 20._o eliz._n co._n bank_n ve_fw-la 3._o ed._n 3._o verdict_n 10._o ou_fw-fr 11._o 29._o ed._n 3._o ibid._n 45._o 12_o hen._n 4._o 10._o sherne_a what_o office_n or_o power_n entire_o or_o divide_o the_o lord_n steward_n freeholders_n copyholders_n and_o the_o bailiff_n have_v in_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr although_o the_o lord_n the_o steward_n the_o freeholders_n the_o copyholders_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o every_o manor_n have_v a_o intermix_v and_o joint_a office_n and_o authority_n in_o some_o case_n and_o to_o some_o purpose_n yet_o to_o other_o purpose_n their_o office_n be_v distinct_a and_o divide_v and_o every_o of_o they_o do_v occupy_v several_a place_n person_n and_o part_n the_o lord_n be_v chief_a to_o command_v and_o appoint_v to_o the_o steward_n to_o direct_v and_o record_v the_o free_a holder_n affirre_v and_o judge_v the_o copyholders_n to_o enfirme_v and_o present_a the_o bailiff_n to_o attend_v and_o execute_v etc._n etc._n and_o all_o these_o together_o make_v a_o perfect_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o judgement_n in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o without_o all_o these_o a_o court_n baron_n can_v be_v hold_v in_o his_o proper_a nature_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o perfect_a jurisdiction_n of_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o yet_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr may_v be_v hold_v by_o use_n and_o custom_n for_o some_o coppyhold_n cause_n though_o it_o want_v one_o of_o the_o say_a party_n viz_o the_o free_a holder_n and_o there_o in_o copyhold_n case_n the_o steward_n do_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o no_o other_o of_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a except_o the_o free_a holder_n can_v be_v miss_v or_o spare_v in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr but_o to_o make_v some_o more_o particular_a demonstration_n of_o their_o distinct_a authority_n and_o office_n and_o first_o the_o lord_n as_o he_o be_v chief_a in_o place_n so_o be_v he_o in_o authority_n and_o occupy_v three_o several_a rome_n the_o one_o of_o a_o chancellor_n in_o case_n of_o equity_n the_o other_o of_o a_o justice_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o right_n the_o three_o of_o himself_o in_o case_n proper_a and_o particular_a to_o himself_o the_o steward_n do_v occupy_v the_o part_n of_o several_a person_n that_o be_v to_o say_v judge_n and_o order_n in_o case_n of_o copyhold_n and_o also_o a_o minister_n and_o register_n to_o enter_v thing_n into_o the_o court_n roles_n and_o in_o both_o these_o to_o be_v indifferent_a between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n the_o free_a holder_n do_v likewise_o fulfil_v two_o part_n that_o be_v to_o effect_v &_o judge_v amercemetn_n and_o also_o to_o return_v and_o certify_v judgement_n the_o copyholders_n also_o do_v hold_v two_o several_a room_n viz._n to_o inform_v offence_n commit_v against_o the_o lord_n within_o that_o manor_n and_o to_o present_v such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v charge_n by_o the_o steward_n the_o bailiff_n do_v also_o occupy_v two_o part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o execute_v the_o process_n and_o commandment_n of_o the_o court_n and_o also_o to_o return_v into_o the_o court_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o same_o process_n 6._o ed._n 6._o bract._n no._n case_n 84._o pli_v 387._o the_o under-steward_n in_o court_n without_o authority_n of_o the_o l._n or_o of_o the_o high-steward_n may_v demise_n copyhold_n &_o it_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n for_o it_o be_v in_o full_a court_n but_o contrary_a it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v out_o of_o court_n quaere_fw-la if_o the_o high_a steward_n without_o authority_n may_v demise_n out_o of_o court_n finis_fw-la lecturae_fw-la calthrop_n a_o coppyholder_n be_v indebt_v do_v surrender_v to_o his_o creditor_n upon_o trust_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n to_o satisfy_v himself_o of_o the_o debt_n and_o then_o to_o be_v surrender_v back_o again_o unto_o he_o and_o after_o the_o debt_n levy_v the_o creditor_n will_v not_o surrender_v whereby_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o tenant_n pursue_v a_o english_a bill_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o his_o court_n by_o which_o the_o trust_n be_v prove_v by_o deposition_n the_o lord_n seize_v the_o land_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o first_o coppyholder_n until_o etc._n etc._n and_o wray_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o may_v well_o so_o do_v for_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n for_o the_o lord_n can_v imprison_v he_o as_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n may_v do_v and_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o deposition_n be_v good_a though_o some_o do_v doubt_n but_o gawdy_n agree_v but_o he_o say_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v retain_v and_o keep_v the_o land_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v so_o do_v the_o other_o shall_v have_v a_o subpoena_fw-la whereunto_o wray_n agree_v that_o he_o can_v retain_v the_o land_n but_o seize_v it_o and_o grant_v it_o over_o which_o without_o seize_v he_o can_v do_v 25._o eliz._n b._n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o cook_n who_o say_v that_o 14._o hen._n 4._o 39_o and_o fitz._n b._n 1●_n be_v according_a to_o their_o opinion_n for_o a_o coppyholder_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n not_o false_a judgement_n upon_o a_o judgement_n against_o he_o in_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o he_o shall_v sue_v by_o bill_n and_o thereupon_o the_o lord_n shall_v reseise_v the_o land_n upon_o false_a judgement_n give_v by_o the_o steward_n and_o shall_v make_v restitution_n if_o one_o recover_v a_o debt_n by_o plaint_n in_o court_n baron_n those_o of_o the_o court_n have_v not_o power_n to_o make_v execution_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o the_o defendant_n good_n but_o they_o may_v distrain_v the_o defendant_n and_o after_o the_o judgement_n retain_v the_o distress_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o safeguard_n until_o the_o defendant_n have_v satisfy_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o that_o wherein_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o court_n 46._o hen._n 6._o 17._o see_v the_o book_n of_o entrees_n fol._n 166._o 7._o hen._n 4._o 27._o in_o replevin_v the_o defendant_n say_v that_o one_o edward_n besall_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o droit_n close_o against_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o one_o other_o in_o the_o lord_n court_n in_o ancient_a demean_n and_o declare_v in_o nature_n of_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v find_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o damage_n be_v tax_v whereby_o the_o defendant_n be_v then_o under-bayliffe_n by_o the_o steward_n commandment_n take_v the_o beast_n for_o execution_n of_o the_o damage_n and_o take_v and_o sell_v they_o and_o deliver_v the_o money_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o assize_n this_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v but_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o folly_n 29._o by_o hull_n a_o man_n recover_v ancient_a demeasne-land_n and_o damage_n in_o a_o court_n of_o ancient_a demean_v the_o bay_a life_n may_v take_v the_o beast_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o recovery_n be_v etc._n etc._n for_o execution_n of_o damage_n in_o every_o parcel_n of_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o manor_n although_o that_o land_n be_v frank-fee_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v 22._o assize_n 72._o agree_v with_o 4._o hen._n 6._o mes_fw-fr kitch_n 115._o where_o it_o be_v use_v to_o make_v execution_n by_o levari_fw-la facias_fw-la that_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n 38._o ed._n 3._o custom_n 133._o upon_o a_o recovery_n in_o court_n baron_n the_o defendant_n cattle_n be_v deliver_v in_o execution_n where_o a_o tenant_n by_o copy_n may_v plead_v a_o special_a custom_n which_o be_v only_o proper_a to_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n before_o he_o nine_o eliz._n taverner_n be_v sue_v by_o the_o lord_n cromwell_n for_o that_o he_o have_v commit_v waste_n upon_o his_o copyhold_n he_o plead_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o manwood_n that_o he_o and_o those_o who_o before_o he_o have_v the_o house_n wherein_o he_o dwell_v have_v such_o a_o custom_n by_o prescription_n that_o they_o may_v fell_v timber_n tree_n etc._n etc._n and_o many_o argument_n be_v against_o that_o custom_n in_o as_o much_o as_o other_o tenant_n of_o that_o manor_n have_v not_o such_o a_o custom_n but_o be_v punishable_a and_o have_v forfeit_v their_o land_n for_o such_o waste_n also_o that_o custom_n be_v against_o common_a right_n and_o not_o reasonable_a and_o after_o long_a deliberation_n of_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o a_o tenant_n may_v plead_v a_o particular_a custom_n as_o if_o one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o way_n in_o the_o lord_n land_n etc._n etc._n and_o 19_o of_o eliz._n one_o prescribe_v that_o he_o &_o those_o of_o that_o tenement_n his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v
common_a of_o estover_n in_o another_o manor_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o other_o tenant_n have_v not_o such_o a_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v good_a by_o the_o advice_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n where_o the_o tenant_n may_v cut_v down_o tree_n destroy_v house_n by_o custom_n and_o such_o like_a custom_n etc._n etc._n four_o ed_n 6._o justice_n dalisons_n report_v sanders_n and_o divers_a justice_n tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n role_n may_v prescribe_v to_o have_v wood_n grow_v upon_o the_o land_n montague_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n and_o so_o use_v in_o the_o county_n of_o mid._n northland_n and_o other_o place_n browne_n it_o have_v be_v here_o agree_v of_o late_a that_o tenant_n by_o the_o custom_n may_v prescribe_v to_o suffer_v their_o house_n to_o fall_v and_o to_o destroy_v their_o house_n so_o also_o here_o whereby_o this_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n montague_n i_o have_v hear_v a_o fable_n that_o a_o tenant_n by_o the_o custom_n may_v dig_v in_o the_o one_o part_n of_o his_o house_n and_o burn_v the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o custom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v agree_v that_o the_o tenant_n by_o custom_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n against_o the_o lord_n will_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o the_o custom_n why_o then_o may_v they_o not_o by_o the_o custom_n cut_v down_o wood_n sander_n i_o agree_v to_o none_o of_o your_o case_n montague_n sure_o in_o the_o chancery_n it_o will_v be_v overrule_v against_o you_o without_o doubt_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v upon_o it_o where_o and_o how_o tenant_n by_o copy_n may_v make_v a_o jointure_n to_o his_o wife_n of_o the_o same_o land_n a_o stranger_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o right_n against_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o the_o same_o court_n where_o the_o land_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n do_v appear_v and_o the_o demandant_n do_v count_n against_o they_o and_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n do_v defend_v and_o say_v that_o they_o have_v more_o right_a than_o the_o demander_n and_o offer_v to_o try_v it_o by_o battle_n and_o the_o demander_n and_o tenant_n do_v imparle_v at_o which_o day_n the_o demander_n appear_v and_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n make_v default_n whereby_o final_a judgement_n be_v give_v against_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o court_n the_o recoverer_n surrenders_n the_o same_o land_n into_o the_o lord_n hand_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o the_o heiros_fw-la of_o their_o two_o bobodye_n beget_v and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o assurance_n have_v be_v use_v 1._o ed._n 6._o dalisons_n report_v pell_n et_fw-fr hikden_n trin._n 36._o eliz._n rot_v 547._o on_o the_o king_n bench_n tenant_n in_o tail_n the_o 21._o remainder_n in_o fee_n tenant_n in_o tail_n surrenders_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n in_o fee_n i._o s._n suffer_v a_o recovery_n and_o vouch_v the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n who_o vouch_v the_o common_a vouchee_n and_o by_o special_a verdict_n it_o be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o recovery_n before_o in_o that_o manner_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o adjudge_v gaw●y_o and_o clinch_n that_o the_o recovery_n can_v not_o be_v a_o bar_n for_o warranty_n can_v not_o be_v annex_v to_o a_o estate_n at_o will_n also_o he_o shall_v not_o recover_v in_o value_n because_o of_o the_o estate_n at_o will_n fenner_n and_o popham_n chief_a justice_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o warranty_n may_v be_v annex_v to_o copyhold_n land_n though_o it_o be_v a_o estate_n at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n perform_v the_o service_n and_o duty_n the_o law_n will_v account_v they_o tenant_n in_o fee_n also_o recovery_n in_o value_n be_v but_o a_o fiction_n in_o law_n le_fw-fr common_a vouchee_n shall_v be_v account_v to_o have_v the_o land_n in_o value_n of_o the_o copyhold_n within_o the_o manor_n and_o the_o vouchee_n 23._o hen._n 8._o br._n recovery_n in_o value_n 27._o that_o such_o a_o recovery_n be_v use_v in_o ancient_a demean_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_a and_o vourcher_n over_o and_o that_o of_o a_o freehold_n there_o yet_o inquire_v of_o such_o a_o recovery_n upon_o a_o plaint_n there_o of_o land_n of_o base_a tenure_n for_o that_o can_v be_v warrant_v etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o common_a bench_n in_o trespass_n entail_n bring_v by_o comb_n against_o pear_n and_o turner_n mich._n 36._o et_fw-la 37._o eliz._n rot._n 14._o bromeley_n britain_n hall_n in_o essex_n tenant_n in_o tail_n of_o a_o copyhold_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n with_o vourcher_n where_o no_o recovery_n be_v before_o the_o lesser_a enter_v by_o the_o court_n that_o can_v be_v but_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o formdone_v in_o discend_a for_o the_o recovery_n in_o court_n baron_n can_v avail_v because_o a_o warranty_n can_v be_v annex_v to_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n also_o there_o can_v be_v no_o recovery_n in_o value_n first_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o recovery_n in_o value_n of_o land_n out_o of_o the_o manor_n and_o the_o coppy-land_n be_v at_o the_o lord_n will_v second_o copyhold_n land_n be_v grant_v by_o copy_n only_o and_o if_o by_o the_o recovery_n the_o tenant_n may_v have_v it_o the_o course_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o seignory_n will_v be_v destroy_v which_o shall_v not_o be_v three_o the_o lord_n shall_v loose_v his_o fine_a and_o fealty_n also_o for_o the_o copy_n be_v admissus_fw-la est_fw-la tenens_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-fr dat._n duo_o the_o fine_a pro_fw-la tali_fw-la ingressu_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la fecit_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la four_o et_fw-la five_o ph._n et_fw-fr mar._n a_o coppyholder_n surrenders_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o wife_n die_v the_o husband_n survive_v the_o question_n be_v who_o shall_v hold_v the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o the_o husband_n have_v no_o issue_n by_o that_o wife_n than_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v it_o certain_a copyhold_a case_n report_v in_o a_o cer_n take_v book_n but_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o if_o the_o wife_n have_v issue_n by_o another_o h●sband_n it_o be_v there_o doubt_v but_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o better_a opinion_n in_o dier_n that_o the_o husband_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n yet_o if_o the_o husband_n have_v first_o two_o son_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n in_o common_a after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o wife_n and_o for_o proof_n thereof_o he_o put_v this_o case_n if_o land_n be_v give_v for_o life_n the_o remaynder_n to_o two_o man_n and_o their_o heir_n they_o can_v have_v one_o heir_n in_o the_o case_n if_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v before_o they_o in_o remainder_n they_o shall_v be_v j●●●etennants_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o but_o if_o none_o in_o remainder_n be_v in_o life_n when_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v than_o the_o heir_n of_o they_o in_o the_o remainder_n shall_v hold_v in_o common_a thirty_o seven_o henry_n the_o eight_o a_o coppyholder_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o make_v a_o assurance_n to_o his_o wife_n suffer_v another_o to_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o right_n in_o the_o copy_n court_n and_o they_o join_v the_o battle_n and_o at_o the_o day_n the_o husband_n and_o wife_n make_v default_n and_o final_a judgement_n be_v give_v and_o after_o the_o recoverer_n surrenders_n the_o same_o land_n into_o the_o lord_n hand_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o a_o good_a assurance_n pur_fw-it cur._n a_o coppyholder_n make_v a_o lease_n at_o will_n to_o another_o who_o commit_v waste_a good_a which_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n the_o lessor_n bring_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o the_o lessee_n by_o walsh_n weston_n and_o dier_n the_o lord_n may_v enter_v and_o have_v trespass_n against_o the_o lessor_n his_o tenant_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v recompense_v but_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v a_o special_a writ_n of_o travers_n and_o not_o vi_o and_o armis_fw-la because_o the_o entry_n be_v lawful_a 8._o et_fw-la 9_o eliz._n ibid._n the_o lord_n dacres_n enter_v upon_o his_o coppyholder_n and_o lease_v it_o to_o a_o stranger_n for_o year_n the_o lessee_n enter_v and_o be_v eject_v by_o the_o coppyholder_n and_o he_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o electione_n firm_a the_o coppyholder_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v demiseable_a per_fw-la custom_n and_o so_o they_o be_v at_o issue_n and_o he_o show_v in_o evidence_n a_o copy_n make_v 13._o henry_n the_o eight_o by_o which_o a_o tenant_n have_v surrender_v the_o land_n
if_o a_o coppyholder_n surrender_v his_o land_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o a_o stranger_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n out_o of_o it_o by_o copy_n it_o be_v no_o good_a copyhold_n rent_n nine_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joyn-tenant_n in_o common_a of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o coppyholder_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o one_o this_o be_v not_o copyhold_n land_n ten_o if_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v joynt-coppy-holders_n of_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o husband_n during_o coverture_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v attaint_v of_o felony_n and_o die_v this_o be_v not_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o copyhold_n but_o if_o the_o purchase_n be_v make_v before_o the_o coverture_n than_o it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o moiety_n eleven_o if_o two_o copyholders_n exchange_n by_o licence_n and_o after_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o elder_a title_n he_o may_v enter_v in_o the_o land_n which_o the_o other_o have_v in_o exchange_n twelfth_n if_o two_o copercener_n copyholders_n make_v partition_n and_o the_o one_o be_v implead_v and_o do_v loose_a by_o just_a title_n and_o the_o recoverer_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n she_o can_v enter_v upon_o her_o sister_n because_o she_o do_v not_o pray_v in_o aid_n for_o the_o rate_n at_fw-fr feme_fw-fr covert_n joint_a coppyholder_n with_o another_o in_o fee_n may_v surrender_v her_o moiety_n to_o the_o use_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o it_o be_v good_a thirteen_o the_o king_n steward_n without_o ny_fw-fr patent_n of_o his_o office_n seize_v divers_a coppy-holds_a and_o afterward_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n and_o those_o of_o the_o exchequer_n do_v lease_n the_o same_o land_n for_o year_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v move_v whether_o copy_n make_v by_o the_o steward_n without_o patent_n be_v good_a and_o the_o lord_n dier_n think_v they_o be_v good_a copy_n but_o in_o the_o exchequer_n the_o baron_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n fourteen_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n to_o which_o copyholders_n for_o year_n and_o other_o be_v belong_v he_o devise_v by_o testament_n the_o same_o manor_n to_o a_o ceraine_a person_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n during_o which_o time_n divers_a copy_n expire_v and_o the_o devisee_n grant_v new_a copy_n and_o afterward_o during_o the_o term_n the_o devisee_n grant_v in_o reversion_n and_o a_o particular_a tenant_n surrender_v in_o court_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o grantee_n and_o after_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o devisor_n recover_v in_o dower_n part_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o have_v execution_n of_o those_o coppy-holds_a assign_v by_o the_o sheriff_n for_o her_o dower_n and_o it_o be_v move_v whether_o the_o wife_n shall_v avoid_v those_o copy_n make_v by_o the_o devisee_n and_o brown_a justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o to_o which_o weston_n agree_v for_o they_o say_v that_o those_o be_v ordinary_a thing_n and_o which_o must_v be_v do_v of_o necessity_n by_o force_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o not_o any_o deed_n or_o new_a charge_n create_v by_o the_o devisee_n who_o be_v but_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o custom_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v do_v for_o they_o can_v be_v make_v by_o any_o other_o who_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v that_o such_o copy_n and_o ordinary_a thing_n as_o presentment_n to_o a_o church_n make_v by_o a_o disseisor_n or_o by_o a_o lessee_n for_o life_n or_o year_n shall_v stand_v good_a and_o shall_v not_o be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n but_o other_o charge_n create_v by_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o huband_n as_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n rend_v charge_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necssity_n the_o tenant_n in_o dowry_n shall_v discharge_v they_o and_o although_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v in_o by_o her_o husband_n yet_o she_o shall_v not_o have_v those_o thing_n which_o chance_v before_o assignment_n of_o her_o dower_n if_o a_o wardship_n fall_v or_o a_o avoidance_n of_o a_o church_n or_o a_o villain_n regardant_a have_v purchase_v and_o the_o heir_n enter_v or_o present_n these_o thing_n the_o heir_n shall_v have_v and_o not_o the_o tenant_n in_o dowry_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o wife_n will_v never_o sue_v for_o her_o dower_n or_o peradventure_o she_o shall_v have_v other_o manor_n assign_v she_o for_o the_o same_o and_o as_o to_o the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n of_o necessity_n to_o grant_v copy_n in_o reversion_n yet_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o because_o the_o custom_n do_v allow_v it_o it_o be_v custom_n ley_fw-fr and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v annex_v unto_o the_o land_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o wray_n say_v that_o of_o estate_n that_o be_v to_o copyholder_n and_o their_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n if_o such_o a_o coppyholder_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o custom_n be_v determine_v if_o such_o a_o lessor_n for_o life_n or_o year_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n grant_v new_a copy_n they_o be_v not_o good_a and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o diversity_n a_o man_n can_v devise_v that_o his_o friend_n shall_v make_v copy_n or_o hold_v court_n for_o none_o shall_v make_v coppye_a but_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o have_v a_o interest_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n shall_v have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o copyhold_n during_o the_o infancy_n of_o his_o tenant_n executor_n shall_v have_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o copyhold_n land_n without_o any_o new_a admittance_n the_o husband_n of_o a_o wife_n that_o be_v coppyholder_n for_o year_n shall_v not_o be_v new_o admit_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o wife_n nor_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n where_o inheritance_n of_o a_o copyhold_n descend_v the_o heir_n may_v enter_v without_o admittance_n but_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o traverse_n against_o a_o stranger_n before_o admittance_n for_o before_o admittance_n he_o be_v not_o proper_o tenant_n if_o such_o a_o heir_n will_v not_o come_v to_o the_o next_o court_n the_o lord_n may_v make_v process_n against_o he_o a_o coppyholder_n shall_v have_v traverse_n against_o his_o lord_n pay_v his_o service_n and_o custom_n if_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v give_v against_o a_o coppyholder_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n the_o lord_n in_o his_o court_n may_v reverse_v it_o for_o it_o be_v not_o amendable_a in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o court_n if_o the_o less_o of_o a_o copyhold_n commit_v waste_n and_o the_o lord_n seize_v for_o forfeiture_n the_o coppyholder_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n against_o his_o lessee_n as_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n which_o lessee_n make_v waste_v and_o the_o lessor_n recover_v the_o tenant_n for_o life_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n but_o be_v without_o remedy_n for_o it_o be_v his_o folly_n that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v a_o collatterall_n covenant_n of_o the_o lessee_n that_o he_o shall_v do_v no_o waste_n a_o copyhold_n be_v not_o forfeit_v for_o heresy_n by_o the_o last_o of_o 2._o hen._n 5._o a_o coppyholder_n be_v not_o ter-tenant_n but_o be_v tenant_n at_o the_o lord_n will_v and_o a_o copyhold_a be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n nor_o of_o tines_n nor_o of_o limitation_n a_o copyhold_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v by_o a_o statute_n merchant_n or_o staple_n the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o manor_n to_o they_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n he_o grant_v a_o rend_a charge_n out_o of_o it_o and_o die_v the_o coppyholder_n surrender_v the_o wife_n make_v another_o copy_n and_o die_v the_o grantee_n shall_v distrain_v upon_o the_o copyhold_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v a_o great_a waste_n and_o grant_v a_o rend_a charge_n out_o of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o copyholders_n have_v common_a in_o the_o waste_n and_o they_o put_v in_o their_o cattle_n the_o grantee_n shall_v distrain_v they_o if_o they_o can_v make_v prescription_n if_o a_o coppyholder_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o and_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o admit_v he_o nor_o make_v a_o grant_n unto_o he_o the_o surrender_n be_v void_a if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_a copyholders_n and_o the_o one_o commit_v a_o forfeiture_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v but_o the_o moiety_n lessee_n for_o year_n ofa_fw-mi copyhold_n shall_v have_v a_o ejection_n firm_a by_o plowden_n and_o other_o if_o there_o be_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o one_o coppyholder_n purchase_v the_o reversion_n in_o fee_z this_o be_v a_o destruction_n of_o the_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lessee_n of_o the_o manor_n may_v put_v he_o out_o and_o occupy_v
certain_a beginning_n and_o of_o certain_a end_n and_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o man_n memory_n wherein_o be_v mean_v limitation_n of_o time_n and_o not_o limitation_n of_o estate_n if_o land_n have_v be_v demise_v by_o copy_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 60._o year_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o alive_a that_o remember_v the_o same_o occupy_v by_o indenture_n this_o be_v not_o a_o good_a copyhold_n and_o if_o land_n have_v be_v demise_v by_o copy_n but_o 40_o year_n and_o there_o be_v none_o alive_a that_o can_v remember_v the_o same_o to_o be_v otherwise_o demise_v this_o be_v a_o good_a copyhold_n for_o the_o number_n of_o year_n make_v not_o the_o matter_n but_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o it_o be_v not_o 60._o 80._o or_o 100_o year_n that_o make_v a_o coppyhold_n or_o a_o custom_n though_o it_o make_v a_o limitation_n but_o such_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n make_v only_o a_o likelihood_n or_o presumption_n of_o a_o prescription_n that_o be_v that_o it_o common_o happen_v not_o that_o any_o man_n memory_n alive_a can_v remember_v alone_o such_o a_o number_n of_o year_n but_o if_o any_o chance_n to_o be_v alive_a that_o remember_v the_o contrary_a than_o such_o prescription_n must_v give_v place_n to_o such_o proof_n custom_n have_v certain_a special_a virtue_n in_o itself_o which_o for_o the_o more_o estimation_n thereof_o i_o will_v short_o show_v according_a to_o certain_a precept_n and_o principal_n allow_v by_o all_o law_n both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o of_o nature_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o private_a law_n of_o every_o country_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n it_o be_v say_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la videtur_fw-la contentiosus_fw-la esse_fw-la nos_fw-la eiusmode_fw-fr consuetudinem_fw-la non_fw-la habemus_fw-la nec_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la dei_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o church_n of_o god_n do_v attribute_n some_o what_o to_o good_a custom_n though_o not_o to_o evil_a and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la altera_fw-la natura_fw-la and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la optima_fw-la legum_fw-la interpres_fw-la and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n prince_n at_o their_o coronation_n be_v swear_v as_o well_o to_o keep_v the_o custom_n of_o this_o land_n as_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n which_o law_n do_v attribute_v so_o much_o to_o custom_n that_o sometime_o it_o be_v admit_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o custom_n law_n for_o consuetudo_fw-la bona_fw-la de_fw-la clausausitata_fw-la et_fw-la approbata_fw-la private_a communem_fw-la legem_fw-la whereof_o custom_n do_v consist_v custom_n although_o it_o do_v chief_o consist_v of_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o usage_n yet_o it_o do_v further_o require_v seven_o other_o necessary_a property_n accident_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o good_a custom_n which_o be_v these_o first_o it_o must_v be_v reasonable_a as_o it_o appear_v 1_o 2._o ed._n 4._o 24._o second_o it_o must_v be_v certain_a as_o appear_v 2_o 3._o ed._n 3._o 13._o ed._n 3._o 4._o dum_fw-la fuit_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la 3._o 14._o ed._n 3._o 4._o 14._o h._n 4._o three_o it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o common_a 3_o right_n 42._o ed._n 3._o 4._o fourthly_o it_o must_v be_v on_o good_a consideration_n 4_o 5._o hen._n 7._o 9_o 42._o ed._n 3._o fiftly_o it_o must_v be_v compulsary_a 42._o ed._n 3._o 5._o avow_v 66._o sixth_o it_o must_v be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o king_n 3._o hen._n 6._o custom_n fi_n hen._n 2._o 22._o ed._n 3._o prescription_n 40._o seventhly_o it_o must_v be_v to_o his_o profit_n that_o claim_v the_o same_o 31._o ed._n 3._o prescription_n 40._o et_fw-la 28._o usage_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n both_o of_o custom_n and_o prescription_n for_o without_o usage_n there_o can_v be_v neither_o custom_n or_o prescription_n for_o even_o as_o the_o mind_n be_v to_o man_n so_o be_v usage_n to_o custom_n and_o as_o you_o see_v there_o be_v divers_a variety_n of_o mind_n in_o man_n so_o be_v there_o many_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o you_o see_v variety_n of_o country_n and_o yet_o all_o man_n perfect_a and_o all_o custom_n perfect_a some_o say_v that_o have_v their_o mind_n affect_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o body_n and_o so_o have_v country_n their_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o place_n as_o in_o kent_n and_o in_o north_n wales_n because_o those_o country_n have_v be_v most_o subject_a to_o foreign_a invasion_n that_o every_o man_n there_o may_v be_v of_o power_n for_o resistance_n the_o inheritance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n descend_v in_o gavell_n kind_a viz._n to_o every_o brother_n alike_o and_o in_o other_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o who_o government_n lest_o equalty_n be_v best_a the_o inheritance_n whole_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a brother_n and_o in_o borough_n english_a which_o be_v in_o divers_a borough_n because_o their_o substance_n common_o be_v land_n and_o in_o such_o town_n land_n may_v be_v the_o better_o preserve_v then_o good_n therefore_o their_o young_a son_n shall_v only_o have_v their_o land_n and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o those_o great_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o it_o be_v in_o divers_a private_a part_n and_o manor_n and_o divers_a private_a and_o special_a custom_n as_o some_o manor_n have_v copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n some_o for_o life_n or_o life_n in_o some_o manor_n the_o copy-holders_n surender_n in_o one_o manner_n and_o in_o some_o in_o a_o other_o sort_n in_o some_o the_o fine_a be_v arbitrable_a and_o in_o some_o certain_a et_fw-la sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la the_o usage_n of_o every_o custom_n do_v not_o rest_n to_o be_v yearly_a daily_a or_o continual_o use_v but_o as_o the_o equality_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n whereof_o the_o custom_n be_v do_v require_v as_o custom_n harryot_n when_o they_o fall_v of_o shact_n and_o foldage_n in_o their_o season_n of_o common_a estover_n in_o their_o time_n and_o for_o copyholders_n who_o fine_n be_v certain_a yet_o at_o one_o time_n to_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_n then_o at_o a_o other_o and_o all_o these_o be_v good_a custom_n though_o they_o can_v be_v use_v at_o all_o time_n for_o custom_n may_v be_v sometime_o use_v sometime_o not_o use_v sometime_o alter_v and_o sometime_o not_o and_o therefore_o in_o custom_n you_o may_v see_v there_o be_v user_n non_fw-fr user_fw-fr abuser_n and_o interuser_n user_n be_v when_o according_a to_o time_n and_o occasion_n a_o custom_n be_v use_v non_fw-fr user_fw-fr be_v when_o for_o want_v of_o time_n and_o occasionor_n through_o negligence_n or_o forgetfulness_n a_o custom_n be_v not_o use_v abuser_n be_v that_o which_o user_n do_v nourish_v a_o custom_n and_o non_fw-la abuser_n tolerate_v a_o custom_n so_o do_v abuser_n destroy_v a_o custom_n and_o yet_o in_o some_o case_n a_o custom_n may_v be_v sometime_o use_v in_o one_o sort_n and_o sometime_o in_o a_o other_o and_o yet_o a_o good_a custom_n if_o there_o be_v good_a consideration_n of_o the_o exchange_v thereof_o all_o time_n and_o this_o i_o call_v enteruser_n if_o there_o be_v a_o copyhold_n of_o a_o ancient_a demean_n and_o this_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o waste_n and_o thereupon_o a_o seizure_n award_v thereof_o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n do_v suffer_v the_o tenant_n still_o to_o occupy_v it_o by_o the_o space_n of_o 20._o year_n without_o receive_v any_o rent_n for_o the_o same_o and_o after_o grant_v the_o say_a land_n to_o the_o tenant_n by_o copy_n this_o grant_n be_v good_a and_o a_o good_a user_n of_o the_o copy_n hold_v but_o if_o after_o the_o say_a seizure_n award_v a_o estranger_fw-fr have_v enter_v and_o disseise_v he_o of_o his_o land_n and_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n thereof_o and_o after_o the_o lord_n re-entreth_a and_o grant_v the_o same_o again_o by_o copy_n unto_o the_o first_o tenant_n this_o grant_n be_v not_o good_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o user_n of_o this_o land_n if_o the_o lord_n have_v use_v at_o the_o admission_n of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n sometime_o to_o take_v for_o a_o fine_a twopence_n or_o sometime_o fourepence_n for_o a_o acre_n sometime_o twelve_o penny_n a_o acre_n this_o user_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o it_o make_v the_o fine_a arbitrable_a at_o the_o lord_n will_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o admit_v his_o copyhold_n tenant_n without_o fine_a this_o usage_n shall_v bind_v the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o a_o fine_a certain_a if_o the_o lord_n have_v use_v to_o have_v certain_a work-daye_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o that_o have_v not_o be_v use_v by_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n last_o pass_v yet_o that_o non-use_a be_v no_o discharge_n to_o the_o tenant_n so_o that_o there_o be_v any_o in_o life_n that_o can_v remember_v the_o
to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v etc._n etc._n who_o estate_n he_o have_v and_o by_o another_o tenant_n render_v the_o yearly_a rent_n custom_n and_o service_n and_o also_o he_o produce_v certain_a witness_n who_o prove_v the_o land_n to_o be_v copy_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 69._o year_n the_o plaintiff_n to_o destroy_v the_o title_n of_o that_o evidence_n show_v certain_a rental_n that_o they_o be_v free_a land_n etc._n etc._n 9_o et_fw-la 10._o henry_n 7._o and_o not_o copy_n and_o also_o another_o rentall_a to_o that_o intent_n in_o 12._o henry_n 6._o which_o prove_v that_o those_o land_n be_v leassee_n for_o twenty_o year_n per_fw-la cur._n this_o evidence_n do_v not_o disproove_v the_o copyhold_n for_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o time_n of_o memory_n but_o if_o he_o have_v show_v the_o indenture_n of_o lease_n make_v within_o 50._o year_n or_o 80._o year_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v remember_v it_o than_o it_o have_v be_v good_a although_o the_o statute_n of_o limitation_n extend_v not_o unto_o it_o by_o the_o justice_n such_o evidence_n as_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v within_o time_n of_o memory_n be_v good_a also_o by_o they_o if_o those_o land_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o forfeiture_n escheat_n or_o surrender_v yet_o the_o custom_n remain_v for_o he_o may_v demise_n they_o again_o and_o the_o custom_n shall_v be_v revive_v but_o by_o some_o man_n if_o by_o escheat_n it_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n hand_n the_o custom_n be_v extinct_a 8._o et_fw-la 9_o eliz._n ibidem_fw-la addington_n lord_n of_o harlow_n in_o essex_n will_v increase_v the_o fine_n of_o his_o copyhold_n certain_a tenant_n which_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o he_o can_v not_o increase_v they_o and_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o good_a prescription_n to_o say_v always_o ready_a to_o pay_v such_o a_o sum_n and_o no_o more_o 18._o 19_o eliz._n 4._o eliz._n it_o be_v move_v by_o manwood_n sergeant_n if_o a_o coppyholder_n in_o fee_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n do_v surrender_v the_o wife_n be_v not_o examine_v by_o the_o steward_n but_o by_o some_o of_o the_o tenant_n the_o custom_n permit_v it_o the_o husband_n die_v whether_o the_o wife_n shall_v sue_v by_o plaint_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o cui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la or_o may_v enter_v and_o by_o he_o she_o may_v enter_v because_o it_o be_v no_o discontinuance_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o surrender_n to_o the_o lord_n who_o have_v the_o reversion_n for_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n enfeoffe_v he_o in_o the_o reversion_n it_o be_v no_o discontinuance_n but_o if_o she_o have_v be_v examine_v she_o shall_v have_v be_v bar_v for_o ever_o and_o dier_n if_o a_o coppyholder_n in_o tail_n surrender_v to_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n the_o issue_n may_v bring_v a_o plaint_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o formdone_v in_o discend_a and_o purge_v the_o discontinuance_n for_o it_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la lit_n fo._n 16._o come_v 233._o 15_o hen._n 8_o br._n tit_n tenant_n per_fw-la copy_n 24._o and_o by_o manwood_n no_o negative_a prescription_n may_v prevail_v against_o a_o statute_n and_o the_o common_a law_n be_v no_o other_o but_o a_o ancient_a usage_n throughout_o all_o the_o realm_n and_o a_o prime_a custom_n may_v encounter_v with_o it_o but_o not_o with_o a_o statute_n and_o by_o dier_n if_o after_o the_o surrender_n the_o lord_n admit_v the_o wife_n again_o yet_o she_o shall_v be_v in_o by_o her_o husband_n in_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n descend_v unto_o two_o sister_n by_o two_o venture_n none_o of_o they_o make_v entry_n and_o before_o the_o court_n and_o admission_n one_o of_o they_o die_v her_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o moiety_n and_o not_o the_o other_o sister_n by_o dier_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o chancery_n also_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n in_o taile_n surrender_v to_o another_o in_o fee_n who_o be_v admit_v this_o be_v a_o discontinuance_n and_o so_o the_o husband_n of_o his_o wife_n copyhold_n and_o h●_n say_v that_o a_o remitter_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o copyhold_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 13._o et_fw-la 14._o eliz._n in_o the_o duch●●_n it_o be_v in_o question_n whether_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o and_o by_o wray_n chief_a justice_n and_o manwood_n chief_a baron_n the_o tail_n be_v not_o fee_n simple_a at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o that_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o court_n roles_n or_o by_o some_o other_o proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o recovery_n by_o plaint_n of_o formedon_n or_o the_o land_n have_v descend_v according_a to_o land_n in_o tail_n as_o possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v of_o it_o or_o that_o that_o the_o daughter_n shall_v not_o inherit_v before_o the_o son_n which_o be_v uncle_n to_o the_o same_o egerton_n be_v of_o counsel_n with_o this_o case_n which_o be_v between_o sherington_n and_o a_o other_o 22._o eliz._n hanchet_n and_o rosse_n concern_v land_n of_o dicot_n in_o stepping_z hackney_n a_o coppyholder_n of_o inheritance_n die_v the_o lord_n grant_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o wife_n be_v sole_a she_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o die_v it_o be_v demand_v whether_o the_o husband_n shall_v have_v it_o or_o not_o and_o it_o seem_v not_o but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o thing_n in_o which_o he_o have_v interest_n to_o his_o own_o use_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v it_o as_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n the_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o without_o admittance_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o the_o husband_n shall_v have_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n make_v to_o his_o wife_n without_o admission_n by_o all_o the_o justice_n 17._o eliz._n if_o a_o coppyholder_n in_o fee_n take_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n by_o charter-hold_a or_o take_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n by_o indenture_n his_o copyhold_n be_v confound_v 7._o et_fw-la 8._o eliz._n by_o harpour_n and_o other_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v make_v copy_n if_o the_o custom_n be_v so_o to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o if_o the_o coppyholder_n in_o fee_n die_v his_o heir_n be_v in_o by_o descent_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v admit_v or_o else_o he_o shall_v compel_v the_o lord_n to_o admit_v he_o for_o for_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n but_o copy_n for_o life_n or_o year_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o can_v compel_v the_o lord_n to_o make_v he_o a_o new_a copy_n if_o he_o will_v not_o but_o he_o may_v retain_v the_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o therefore_o the_o grant_n of_o such_o copy_n as_o be_v expire_v make_v by_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v void_a 26._o eliz._n first_o land_n demiseable_a by_o copy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o be_v perfect_a copyhold_n so_o if_o it_o be_v demise_v by_o copy_n 15._o or_o 16_o year_n second_o if_o the_o lord_n purchase_v the_o copyhold_n of_o his_o tenant_n money_n this_o be_v clear_o a_o surrender_n and_o a_o extinguishment_n of_o the_o copy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o demiseable_a by_o copy_n after_o but_o if_o the_o lord_n enter_v for_o forfeiture_n without_o presentment_n find_v that_o be_v demiseable_a by_o copy_n again_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n bring_v trespass_n against_o a_o coppyholder_n who_o plead_v that_o it_o be_v free_a hold_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o the_o lord_n may_v enter_v four_o the_o lord_n can_v seize_v because_o his_o coppyholder_n be_v swear_v to_o give_v evidence_n against_o he_o for_o this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n five_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n disseise_v his_o lord_n of_o other_o land_n that_o be_v not_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o copyhold_n six_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n die_v without_o heir_n and_o the_o lord_n enter_v by_o escheat_n this_o be_v demiseable_a by_o copy_n again_o but_o if_o the_o lord_n afterward_o do_v make_v a_o feoffment_n or_o suffer_v a_o recovery_n and_o after_o do_v repurchase_v it_o it_o be_v not_o demiseable_a but_o if_o the_o lord_n reverse_v the_o judgement_n upon_o recovery_n by_o error_n attaint_n or_o deceit_n and_o have_v restitution_n than_o it_o be_v demiseable_a by_o copy_n again_o a_o disseisin_n do_v not_o extinguish_v the_o custom_n nor_o act_n do_v by_o the_o disseisor_n seven_o if_o a_o coppyholder_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n by_o prescript_n at_o common_a law_n by_o collusion_n or_o make_v a_o feoffment_n or_o bargain_n and_o sale_n and_o the_o lord_n enter_v and_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n thereof_o the_o land_n be_v not_o demiseable_a by_o copy_n again_o eight_o