a_o letter_n to_o a_o friend_n concern_v usury_n wherein_o be_v mention_v all_o the_o argument_n former_o write_v for_o and_o against_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n collect_v out_o of_o four_o tract_n on_o that_o subject_a one_o by_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n senior_n in_o 1621._o another_o by_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n junior_n in_o 1668._o the_o three_o by_o sir_n josiah_n child_n in_o 1668._o and_o the_o four_o by_o mr._n thomas_n manley_n in_o 1669._o by_o r._n c._n london_n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1690._o sir_n i_o return_v you_o many_o thanks_o for_o your_o information_n by_o which_o after_o some_o time_n spend_v in_o search_n i_o find_v out_o all_o those_o pamphlet_n about_o interest_n which_o you_o discourse_v of_o and_o in_o return_n of_o your_o kindness_n i_o have_v send_v you_o in_o short_a the_o content_n of_o a_o tract_n against_o usury_n write_v by_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o and_o present_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o 21_o of_o 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un-answered_n which_o the_o will_n of_o man_n can_v devise_v for_o it_o be_v a_o untrodden_a path_n and_o must_v be_v hew_v out_o by_o dint_n of_o reason_n in_o regard_n none_o of_o those_o argument_n wherewith_o experience_n have_v since_o happy_o furnish_v we_o in_o great_a plenty_n can_v then_o be_v produce_v at_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o he_o have_v often_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o member_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o as_o great_a authority_n and_o esteem_n as_o any_o then_o sit_v and_o a_o principal_a opposer_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o though_o he_o can_v not_o protest_v yet_o he_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v remember_v that_o he_o have_v foresee_v and_o foretell_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v ensue_v to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o my_o father_n reply_v that_o he_o desire_v it_o may_v likewise_o be_v remember_v that_o he_o have_v prophesy_v the_o many_o happy_a effect_n of_o it_o viz._n to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o improvement_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o the_o landlord_n in_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o rent_n and_o price_n of_o his_o inheritance_n to_o the_o merchant_n in_o quickness_n of_o his_o trade_n and_o benefit_n of_o he_o return_v to_o the_o borrower_n in_o the_o ease_n of_o his_o condition_n etc._n etc._n and_o issue_n be_v join_v concern_v his_o majesty_n custom_n of_o exportation_n as_o a_o measure_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n not_o many_o year_n after_o they_o meet_v again_o and_o my_o father_n pleasant_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o have_v late_o be_v at_o the_o custom-house_n which_o he_o as_o ready_o apprehend_v most_o ingenious_o yield_v the_o cause_n soon_o after_o this_o there_o be_v a_o long_a vacancy_n of_o parliament_n till_o the_o year_n 1640._o at_o which_o time_n my_o father_n be_v strengthen_v with_o success_n and_o further_o incite_v by_o intelligence_n from_o holland_n that_o they_o have_v there_o new_o abate_v their_o interest_n set_v forth_o another_o treatise_n to_o evince_v the_o necessity_n of_o reduce_v money_n from_o eight_o to_o six_o the_o groundwork_n whereof_o be_v that_o till_o we_o bring_v interest_n to_o the_o same_o rate_n with_o the_o dutch_a our_o design_n be_v lame_a and_o our_o grand_a competitor_n will_v still_o have_v the_o start_n of_o we_o the_o business_n be_v ready_a for_o the_o mint_n and_o will_v cortain_o have_v pass_v but_o that_o it_o be_v intercept_v by_o unnatural_a discord_n hitherto_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o do_v not_o so_o visible_o appear_v it_o be_v as_o yet_o but_o convenience_n for_o the_o dutch_a have_v then_o their_o hand_n full_a of_o their_o war_n with_o spain_n which_o though_o prosperous_a enough_o be_v some_o curb_n to_o their_o growth_n in_o commerce_n germany_n be_v so_o harassed_a and_o embroil_v that_o it_o can_v neither_o trade_n nor_o till_o france_n so_o exhaust_v that_o it_o buy_v of_o we_o
much_o more_o than_o it_o sell_v sweden_n a_o mere_a limb_n of_o the_o french_a interest_n we_o alone_o sit_v under_o the_o shadow_n of_o our_o own_o vine_n may_v afford_v to_o give_v they_o all_o great_a odds_o for_o all_o the_o market_n of_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o our_o growth_n and_o thin_a of_o they_o the_o king_n custom_n yearly_o great_o advance_v the_o gentleman_n daily_o raise_v his_o rent_n yet_o due_o receive_v it_o which_o the_o farmer_n cheerful_o pay_v and_o the_o merchant_n their_o factor_n thrive_v with_o his_o principal_n our_o land_n be_v yearly_o improve_v and_o with_o it_o our_o manufacture_n increase_v our_o poor_a general_o employ_v and_o not_o turn_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o land_n our_o debtor_n daily_o clear_v themselves_o either_o by_o sale_n of_o land_n or_o fortunate_a industry_n so_o as_o in_o a_o short_a time_n there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o decay_n no_o lead_n into_o captivity_n and_o no_o complain_v in_o our_o street_n betwixt_o 1640_o and_o 1660_o be_v a_o vast_a gulf_n of_o twenty_o year_n ruin_n and_o distraction_n in_o this_o kingdom_n during_o which_o time_n not_o to_o mention_v our_o own_o declination_n viz._n anno_fw-la 1647_o happen_v the_o peace_n at_o munster_n whereby_o the_o dutch_a be_v unmolested_a and_o secure_v from_o spanish_a pretence_n be_v at_o leisure_n to_o intend_v their_o trade_n and_o undermine_v we_o germany_n have_v have_v time_n to_o repeople_n rebuild_a and_o re-plant_a sweden_n be_v become_v a_o independent_a power_n of_o much_o weight_n in_o the_o balance_n of_o christendom_n and_o france_n first_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n then_o with_o spain_n by_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o its_o dominion_n the_o largeness_n and_o compactness_n of_o its_o territory_n and_o the_o pre-eminence_n of_o its_o soil_n and_o climate_n be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n become_v dangerous_a to_o we_o all_o anno_fw-la 1652._o the_o grandee_n of_o that_o junto_n find_v themselves_o in_o a_o dangerous_a dilemma_n for_o as_o on_o the_o side_n they_o see_v that_o without_o encourage_v trade_n and_o navigation_n their_o new_a machine_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n must_v soon_o fall_v so_o neither_o without_o the_o utter_a oppression_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n can_v it_o long_o stand_v they_o therefore_o for_o the_o present_a exigence_n contrive_v a_o expedient_a by_o continue_v all_o the_o burden_n upon_o land_n and_o abate_v interest_n to_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n they_o mean_v no_o question_n when_o they_o have_v once_o accomplish_v their_o purpose_n of_o ruine_v their_o enemy_n the_o landlord_n to_o bring_v it_o low_o as_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o seasonable_a for_o scarce_o any_o land-tax_n with_o very_o low_a interest_n will_v great_o and_o sudden_o hurt_v he_o but_o sure_o they_o be_v shortsighted_a if_o they_o do_v not_o see_v that_o land-tax_n will_v destroy_v trade_n though_o not_o so_o immediate_o yet_o as_o effectual_o as_o high_a interest_n and_o that_o if_o by_o embase_v our_o land_n we_o discourage_v its_o improvement_n we_o nip_v our_o trade_n in_o its_o very_a bud._n anno._n 1660._o his_o majesty_n be_v happy_o restore_v and_o the_o kingdom_n settle_v my_o father_n forthwith_o resume_v his_o design_n of_o further_a abate_v interest_n as_o the_o great_a of_o blessing_n both_o to_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o my_o lord_n culpeper_n die_v who_o he_o know_v have_v the_o same_o thought_n and_o through_o who_o assistance_n only_o he_o hope_v to_o effect_v it_o he_o soon_o give_v it_o over_o find_v as_o he_o say_v that_o the_o world_n be_v then_o intent_n upon_o other_o game_n than_o trade_n and_o despair_v that_o himself_o shall_v live_v to_o see_v it_o yet_o before_o his_o death_n he_o recommend_v the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o to_o i_o his_o executor_n together_o with_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n add_v sometime_o in_o jest_n that_o the_o usurer_n and_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o even_o for_o he_o have_v only_o scratch_v the_o usurer_n the_o usurer_n have_v stab_v he_o but_o he_o hope_v he_o may_v without_o breach_n of_o charity_n will_n i_o if_o i_o can_v to_o revenge_v his_o quarrel_n by_o do_v good_a to_o the_o usurer_n against_o his_o will_n according_o he_o make_v it_o the_o main_a drift_n of_o his_o private_a discourse_n with_o i_o in_o the_o last_o period_n of_o his_o age_n be_v 87_o year_n old_a when_o he_o die_v about_o six_o year_n since_o to_o arm_v i_o for_o his_o encounter_n by_o possess_v i_o not_o only_o with_o the_o evidence_n but_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o argument_n by_o tell_v i_o frequent_o that_o when_o he_o be_v forget_v it_o will_v be_v revive_v that_o he_o wish_v it_o be_v not_o too_o late_o consider_v that_o it_o will_v at_o once_o reform_v a_o thousand_o abuse_n that_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o a_o register_n can_v be_v till_o low_a interest_n first_o make_v way_n for_o it_o by_o clear_v encumbrance_n that_o he_o marvel_v sir_n walter_n raleigh_n who_o write_v so_o many_o notable_a thing_n concern_v trade_n navigation_n and_o fish_v never_o harp_v upon_o this_o string_n that_o he_o can_v boast_v to_o have_v be_v happy_o instrumental_a in_o the_o recovery_n and_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o acre_n of_o excellent_a marshland_n but_o to_o his_o own_o loss_n by_o unhappy_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o canker_n of_o interest_n that_o interest_n be_v high_a borrow_v chargeable_a and_o all_o the_o burden_n lay_v upon_o land_n it_o be_v time_n for_o gentleman_n in_o debt_n if_o they_o mean_v honest_o to_o wear_v linsey-woolsey_n and_o eat_v egg_n and_o salad_n to_o which_o we_o must_v all_o come_v by_o degree_n for_o so_o the_o wary_a spaniard_n in_o a_o barren_a country_n support_v himself_o against_o the_o extremity_n of_o tax_n in_o the_o same_o year_n viz._n 12_o car._n 2._o six_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v then_o general_o practise_v that_o convention_n hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o continue_v the_o say_a practice_n confirm_v it_o by_o a_o statute_n entitle_v a_o act_n for_o restrain_v excessive_a usury_n the_o preamble_n whereof_o be_v as_o follow_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v find_v by_o notable_a experience_n beneficia_fw-la to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o good_a husbandry_n with_o many_o other_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o nation_n especial_o in_o the_o reduce_v of_o it_o to_o a_o near_a proportion_n with_o other_o state_n with_o who_o we_o traffic_n and_o whereas_o in_o fresh_a memory_n the_o like_a fall_n from_o eight_o to_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o a_o late_a constant_a practice_n have_v find_v the_o like_a success_n to_o the_o general_a contentment_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o several_a improvement_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o some_o at_o present_a to_o reduce_v it_o back_o again_o in_o practice_n to_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o statute_n still_o in_o force_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o the_o great_a discouragement_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o industry_n in_o the_o husbandry_n trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v it_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n confirm_a 13_o car._n 2._o cap._n 14._o after_o my_o father_n decease_n i_o endeavour_v what_o i_o can_v to_o propagate_v so_o fruitful_a a_o plant_n and_o try_v if_o it_o will_v grow_v at_o london_n which_o i_o take_v it_o be_v not_o so_o far_o northward_o as_o amsterdam_n but_o for_o want_v of_o eloquence_n i_o find_v myself_o always_o contradict_v and_o foil_v though_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v never_o convince_v the_o most_o popular_a argument_n i_o meet_v with_o be_v this_o that_o eight_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v far_o more_o seasonable_a in_o our_o scarcity_n of_o money_n since_o 1._o high_a interest_n bring_v money_n 2._o money_n bring_v trade_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o proposition_n i_o can_v have_v answer_v that_o the_o money_n mention_v must_v be_v either_o get_v give_v or_o lent_n get_v i_o fear_v it_o can_v be_v at_o eight_o per_fw-la cent._n because_o i_o see_v that_o even_o at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n our_o wise_a trader_n who_o both_o by_o their_o stock_n and_o experience_n be_v best_o able_a to_o manage_v trade_n daily_o decline_v it_o and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o interest_n as_o a_o more_o steady_a income_n leave_v young_a man_n who_o common_o be_v more_o sanguine_a to_o feast_v themselves_o with_o hope_n and_o buy_v their_o experience_n give_v i_o doubt_v it_o be_v not_o for_o i_o hear_v of_o slender_a charity_n now_o stir_v if_o it_o be_v lend_v it_o must_v be_v repaid_a with_o great_a interest_n than_o the_o use_v of_o it_o will_v yield_v and_o that_o mar_v all_o to_o the_o second_o i_o can_v have_v show_v the_o vast_a difference_n where_o trade_n bring_v money_n as_o it_o do_v in_o holland_n and_o once_o do_v here_o and_o
to_o three_o or_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n may_v present_o in_o stead_n of_o fifty_o write_v one_o hundred_o the_o merchant_n who_o bear_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o day_n by_o trade_v upon_o interest_n will_v find_v their_o yoke_n light_a the_o mariner_n shipwright_n porter_n clothier_n packer_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o labour_a people_n will_v be_v more_o constant_o employ_v and_o the_o farmer_n will_v sell_v the_o product_n of_o their_o land_n at_o better_a rate_n he_o conclude_v with_o answer_v of_o several_a objection_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v before_o recite_v sir_n the_o next_o recital_n be_v out_o of_o a_o book_n entitle_v usury_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent._n etc._n etc._n write_v by_o mr._n thomas_n manly_n in_o 1669._o wherein_o he_o design_n to_o answer_v the_o two_o book_n before-recited_n one_o write_v by_o sir_n tho._n culpeper_n junior_a and_o the_o other_o by_o sir_n josiah_n child_n which_o he_o do_v so_o confuse_o and_o to_o so_o little_a purpose_n that_o i_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n considerable_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o only_o in_o the_o main_n his_o design_n be_v to_o excuse_v the_o usurer_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o blame_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o dearness_n of_o the_o commodity_n which_o he_o say_v do_v arise_v from_o the_o high_a prize_n of_o the_o workman_n and_o labouror_n wag_v and_o the_o merchant_n and_o trader_n live_v too_o well_o spend_v too_o much_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o drink_v too_o much_o wine_n so_o that_o he_o will_v have_v the_o people_n to_o be_v starve_v and_o go_v in_o threadbare_a clothes_n and_o drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n or_o small_a bear_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o pay_v interest_n but_o because_o the_o main_a design_n of_o his_o treatise_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o abate_n of_o interest_n that_o i_o may_v be_v impartial_a to_o both_o side_n i_o have_v recite_v every_o one_o of_o his_o argument_n which_o he_o divide_v into_o nine_o he_o begin_v the_o many_o mischief_n that_o will_v ensue_v from_o the_o abate_n of_o interest_n be_v these_o 1._o it_o will_v draw_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o nation_n into_o a_o few_o hand_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o pernicious_a occasion_n the_o hoard_n of_o it_o up_o in_o the_o miser_n chest_n by_o which_o i_o perceive_v he_o think_v the_o usurer_n will_v lock_v up_o their_o money_n rather_o than_o lend_v it_o at_o three_o or_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o the_o usurer_n be_v wise_a man_n and_o have_v learn_v the_o proverb_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v half_o a_o loaf_n than_o no_o bread_n neither_o be_v three_o or_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o contemptible_a a_o gain_n to_o be_v so_o slight_v for_o many_o gentleman_n be_v now_o content_v to_o let_n out_o money_n at_o four_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o the_o east-india_n company_n give_v no_o more_o than_o three_o per_fw-la cent._n at_o this_o time_n 2._o it_o will_v make_v money_n scarce_o to_o be_v borrow_v that_o be_v answer_v before_o for_o the_o lender_n do_v now_o put_v out_o their_o money_n at_o three_o and_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n before_o such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v therefore_o will_v not_o refuse_v it_o afterward_o 3._o it_o will_v expose_v both_o at_o present_a and_o in_o the_o future_a a_o infinite_a number_n of_o widow_n orphan_n and_o other_o impotent_a person_n to_o great_a want_n and_o extremity_n this_o objection_n be_v before_o answer_v by_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n 4._o it_o will_v encourage_v our_o gentry_n to_o run_v into_o debt_n by_o make_v most_o of_o they_o bold_a in_o borrow_v 5._o it_o will_v oblige_v the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n to_o provide_v great_a portion_n for_o their_o young_a child_n 6._o it_o will_v introduce_v a_o thousand_o trick_n among_o the_o rank_a usurer_n broker_n and_o scrivener_n 7._o it_o will_v cause_v the_o dutch_a to_o withdraw_v their_o money_n from_o we_o 8._o it_o only_o can_v retard_v the_o building_n of_o london_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o be_v no_o objection_n now_o nor_o ever_o will_v have_v be_v if_o london_n have_v not_o be_v build_v no_o more_o than_o the_o other_o be_v before-recited_n 9_o and_o last_o it_o will_v expose_v the_o gentry_n who_o shall_v be_v in_o debt_n at_o the_o pass_v such_o a_o law_n to_o many_o and_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o he_o think_v the_o money_n will_v be_v call_v for_o and_o not_o lend_v again_o by_o other_o though_o the_o security_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o lower_a of_o interest_n which_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o land_n sir_n these_o be_v his_o argument_n the_o weight_n of_o they_o i_o will_v leave_v to_o you_o to_o judge_v all_o that_o i_o observe_v from_o the_o four_o pamphlet_n be_v this_o first_o that_o the_o land_n of_o england_n when_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n write_v his_o discourse_n be_v at_o fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n and_o i_o see_v now_o that_o it_o be_v worth_a general_o two_o or_o three_o and_o twenty_o which_o do_v sole_o arise_v from_o the_o abate_n of_o interest_n second_o that_o interest_n be_v at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n in_o holland_n but_o after_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o eight_o in_o england_n it_o be_v reduce_v to_o four_o in_o holland_n and_o now_o be_v at_o six_o here_o it_o be_v there_o at_o three_o so_o that_o they_o have_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o advantage_n in_o trade_n from_o our_o over_o ballence_n by_o interest_n well_o understand_v the_o profit_n they_o have_v from_o thence_o three_o that_o the_o dutch_a send_v money_n here_o in_o england_n in_o those_o day_n and_o the_o lower_a of_o interest_n do_v not_o cause_v they_o to_o call_v it_o home_o but_o it_o be_v better_o for_o this_o nation_n if_o it_o will_v for_o than_o they_o will_v return_v their_o effect_n in_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o not_o keep_v their_o lean_a kine_n to_o be_v make_v fat_a by_o interest_n as_o sir_n josiah_n express_v it_o for_o if_o money_n have_v not_o be_v then_o reduce_v every_o 1000_o l._n from_o the_o interest_n of_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v have_v be_v now_o a_o million_o according_a to_o old_a mr._n audley_n observation_n that_o one_o hundred_o pound_n put_v out_o at_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v make_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o seventy_o year_n so_o long_o it_o be_v since_o interest_n be_v first_o lower_v therefore_o the_o memory_n of_o sir_n thomas_n culpeper_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o high_a esteem_n with_o this_o nation_n be_v the_o first_o by_o his_o sagacity_n that_o bring_v down_o interest_n or_o else_o perhaps_o the_o whole_a land_n of_o england_n by_o this_o time_n have_v be_v mortgage_v if_o not_o sell_v to_o the_o dutch._n last_o sir_n thomas_n his_o argument_n for_o abate_v of_o interest_n from_o ten_o to_o eight_o which_o be_v that_o it_o will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n and_o promote_v trade_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v now_o use_v to_o reduce_v interest_n from_o six_o to_o four_o and_o experience_n have_v show_v their_o good_a effect_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v the_o like_a advantage_n the_o objection_n be_v the_o same_o then_o as_o now_o and_o therefore_o can_v have_v no_o great_a force_n nor_o worse_a effect_n sir_n i_o have_v exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o a_o letter_n which_o i_o can_v not_o avoid_v to_o bring_v the_o chief_a content_n of_o twelve_o sheet_n into_o two_o without_o be_v unjust_a to_o some_o of_o the_o author_n and_o render_v my_o endeavour_n unacceptable_a give_v you_o a_o imperfect_a account_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o my_o care_n to_o avoid_v sir_n i_o be_o your_o most_o obedient_a servant_n r._n c._n lond._n oct._n 20._o 1690._o finis_fw-la
where_o money_n bring_v trade_n as_o it_o do_v still_o in_o spain_n but_o i_o find_v the_o torrent_n be_v not_o to_o be_v stem_v and_o so_o reserve_v my_o purpose_n for_o a_o calm_a season_n by_o this_o time_n the_o war_n with_o holland_n be_v begin_v and_o all_o discourse_n silence_v with_o the_o sound_n of_o cannon_n the_o event_n whereof_o be_v neither_o so_o good_a as_o we_o sometime_o hope_v nor_o so_o bad_a as_o once_o we_o fear_v but_o compound_v of_o strange_a disappointment_n and_o deliverance_n of_o all_o which_o the_o most_o profitable_a use_v we_o can_v make_v be_v this_o that_o though_o we_o prevail_v sufficient_o by_o blow_n and_o booty_n yet_o we_o be_v first_o weary_v with_o the_o expense_n and_o no_o marvel_n if_o we_o due_o consider_v the_o vast_a disproportion_n of_o our_o respective_a charge_n for_o 3_o to_o 6_o or_o 4_o to_z 8_o bear_v the_o same_o analogy_n as_o 30_o to_o 60_o or_o 40_o to_o 80._o now_o if_o the_o state_n by_o command_a money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n can_v in_o building_n rigging_n victual_v pay_v etc._n etc._n do_v that_o for_o 40_o l._n which_o must_v cost_v his_o majesty_n 80_o l._n and_o i_o wish_v he_o have_v money_n so_o cheap_a i_o suppose_v the_o force_n be_v otherwise_o reasonable_o balance_v scarce_o any_o goodness_n of_o ship_n valour_n of_o seaman_n or_o advantage_n of_o situation_n and_o port_n will_v countervail_v such_o odds._n some_o month_n after_o the_o peace_n be_v proclaim_v presume_v that_o our_o late_a experience_n and_o present_a exigence_n can_v not_o but_o conduce_v to_o my_o design_n by_o dispose_v many_o who_o be_v averse_a to_o receive_v impression_n contrary_a to_o their_o former_a judgement_n and_o afford_v i_o at_o least_o some_o illustration_n i_o go_v to_o london_n with_o full_a purpose_n to_o promote_v it_o but_o find_v myself_o happy_o prevent_v by_o one_o mr._n child_n a_o merchant_n of_o know_a ability_n in_o trade_n and_o choice_a conversation_n who_o rise_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o my_o father_n dust_n do_v by_o his_o own_o sagacity_n find_v out_o this_o hide_a vein_n and_o light_v afterward_o by_o mere_a chance_n upon_o one_o of_o my_o father_n treatise_n modest_o reprint_v it_o with_o its_o proper_a date_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o own_o excellent_a treatise_n entitle_v brief_a consideration_n concern_v trade_n and_o interest_n of_o money_n who_o honest_a endeavour_n for_o his_o king_n and_o country_n service_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o assist_v with_o my_o utmost_a skill_n and_o power_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o have_v compose_v this_o tract_n which_o with_o all_o humility_n i_o present_v to_o your_o wisdom_n in_o a_o postscript_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o objection_n that_o since_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n have_v settle_v the_o rate_n of_o interest_n the_o usurer_n have_v a_o property_n by_o law_n to_o interest_n and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o much_o wrong_n to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o abate_v interest_n as_o to_o take_v away_o so_o much_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o every_o man_n land_n and_o such_o a_o law_n will_v be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o widow_n orphan_n and_o other_o who_o live_v upon_o interest_n and_o know_v not_o how_o otherwise_o to_o employ_v their_o stock_n to_o this_o he_o answer_v that_o as_o to_o orphan_n it_o can_v be_v no_o prejudice_n because_o as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n now_o stand_v executor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v interest_n second_o that_o there_o be_v no_o property_n or_o right_n to_o interest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o right_n do_v sole_o arise_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o party_n both_o by_o ecclesiastical_a and_o statute-law_n usury_n be_v count_v unlawful_a and_o those_o statute_n that_o afterward_o limit_a interest_n to_o 10_o 8_o and_z 6_o per_fw-la cent._n do_v only_o take_v away_o the_o penalty_n from_o the_o former_a statute_n but_o do_v not_o make_v it_o more_o lawful_a by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n the_o usurer_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o the_o excommunicate_v they_o be_v deny_v the_o sacrament_n disable_v to_o make_v will_n and_o not_o permit_v burial_n in_o church_n or_o church-yard_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 3_o of_o h._n 7._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o usury_n shall_v be_v extirpate_v by_o the_o 11_o of_o h._n 7._o he_o that_o dare_v his_o money_n upon_o usury_n shall_v forfeit_v one_o half_a thereof_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 3_o of_o h._n 8._o take_v off_o the_o former_a penalty_n and_o limit_n interest_n to_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o in_o the_o same_o statute_n declare_v usury_n unlawful_a in_o the_o 5_o of_o e._n 6._o the_o law_n of_o h._n 8._o be_v repeal_v and_o it_o be_v then_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v take_v interest_n upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v the_o principal_a be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n in_o the_o 13_o of_o eliz._n the_o law_n of_o e._n 6._o be_v repeal_v and_o that_o of_o h._n 8._o be_v reinforce_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n usury_n be_v call_v a_o vice_n and_o a_o detestable_a sin_n and_o provide_v that_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n the_o statute_n in_o the_o 21_o of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o by_o which_o interest_n be_v redute_v from_o 10_o to_o 8_o relate_v the_o great_a mischief_n from_o high_a interest_n and_o provide_v that_o no_o word_n in_o the_o say_a act_n shall_v be_v construe_v to_o allow_v the_o practice_n of_o usury_n as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o religion_n the_o law_n make_v in_o 1652._o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o 12_o and_o 13_o of_o car._n 2._o which_o reduce_v interest_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o takes_z notice_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o nation_n by_o the_o bring_n down_o of_o interest_n and_o restrain_v under_o penalty_n the_o take_n above_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o give_v no_o more_o legal_a nor_o ecclesiastical_a right_n than_o the_o former_a statute_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o usury_n be_v account_v a_o crime_n so_o that_o the_o abate_n of_o it_o be_v but_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o sin_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o right_n from_o those_o law_n it_o be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o how_o severe_a soever_o the_o lower_a of_o interest_n from_o 6_o to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n may_v be_v to_o widow_n orphan_n and_o young_a brother_n yet_o they_o will_v still_o have_v as_o much_o rent_n for_o their_o money_n as_o the_o gentry_n and_o their_o elder_a brother_n have_v for_o their_o land_n for_o the_o land_n of_o england_n do_v not_o yield_v more_o than_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n the_o next_o remark_n be_v from_o brief_a observation_n concern_v trade_n and_o interest_n of_o money_n write_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o sir_n josiah_n child_n in_o 1668._o among_o the_o several_a mean_n which_o he_o recite_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o trade_n he_o conclude_v that_o a_o low_a interest_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o lay_v down_o this_o position_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o prosperity_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o the_o bring_v down_o of_o interest_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o six_o to_o four_o or_o three_o per_fw-la cent._n will_v necessary_o in_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n time_n double_v the_o capital_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n he_o prove_v this_o very_o clear_o by_o several_a argument_n which_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o recite_v i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o mention_v two_o of_o his_o instance_n first_o that_o where_o interest_n be_v high_a the_o people_n be_v poor_a and_o money_n scarce_o as_o to_o instance_n in_o spain_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n where_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n the_o inhabitant_n be_v poor_a ill_o feed_v and_o clad_v though_o ireland_n and_o spain_n be_v both_o very_a fertile_a country_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o indies_n be_v bring_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v seldom_o any_o but_o brass_n money_n see_v in_o the_o country_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o italy_n and_o holland_n where_o money_n yield_v not_o above_o three_o per_fw-la cent._n the_o people_n be_v rich_a full_a of_o trade_n and_o their_o land_n sell_v from_o thirty_o five_o to_o forty_o year_n purchase_n second_o that_o by_o the_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n we_o have_v so_o increase_v in_o riches_n that_o now_o 2000_o l._n be_v esteem_v no_o great_a portion_n than_o 500_o l._n be_v fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o a_o knight_n now_o exceed_v a_o lord_n of_o those_o day_n in_o rich_a clothes_n plate_n jewel_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o we_o have_v almost_o a_o hundred_o coach_n for_o one_o we_o have_v then_o and_o if_o interest_n be_v lower_v