55_o 160_o 401.357_o 537.178_o 251.865.582_o  _fw-fr 56_o 160_o 938.535_o 545.704_o 260.459.920_o 8.594.338_o 57_o 161_o 484.239_o 554.505_o 271_o 919.077_o 11.459.157_o 58_o 162_o 038_o 744_o 563.594_o 289_o 107.811_o 17.188.734_o 59_o 162.602.338_o 572.986_o 323.485.279_o 34.377.468_o chap._n iii_o the_o use_n of_o the_o two_o first_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n for_o graduate_v a_o meridian_n in_o the_o general_a sea-chart_n before_o you_o can_v make_v use_n of_o this_o table_n for_o the_o true_a graduate_n or_o divide_v of_o a_o meridian_n of_o this_o chart_n into_o his_o degree_n or_o other_o part_n of_o latitude_n increase_v from_o the_o aequinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n in_o such_o proportion_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v there_o must_v be_v first_o some_o preparation_n make_v to_o that_o end_n which_o may_v be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n overthwart_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o plain_a superficies_n whereupon_o you_o will_v draw_v the_o lineament_n of_o the_o chart_n describe_v a_o right_a line_n represent_v the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n which_o you_o shall_v divide_v into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o cross_v the_o same_o squirewise_o with_o right_a line_n by_o every_o five_o or_o ten_o degree_n then_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n the_o length_n of_o half_a the_o aequinoctial_a that_o be_v 180_o degree_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n in_o the_o mutual_a intersection_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o perpendicular_a or_o meridian_n that_o pass_v by_o either_o end_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o other_o foot_n make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o same_o perpendicular_a or_o meridian_n the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o this_o prick_n and_o the_o aequinoctial_a divide_v first_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o other_o three_o so_o have_v you_o nine_o in_o all_o and_o again_o every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o three_o so_o have_v you_o 27_o part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o part_n divide_v into_o four_o so_o have_v you_o 108_o part_n and_o again_o if_o there_o be_v space_n enough_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o 10_o or_o 100_o so_o shall_v you_o have_v 1080_o or_o 10800_o part_n which_o will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o latitude_n of_o 85_o degree_n and_o something_o more_o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v your_o chart_n to_o any_o great_a latitude_n you_o shall_v continue_v forth_o the_o foresay_a perpendicular_a and_o divide_v it_o into_o so_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o part_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v needful_a to_o attain_v to_o the_o latitude_n you_o desire_v then_o note_v every_o five_o and_o ten_o part_n with_o black_a lead_n and_o set_v figure_n at_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o aequinoctial_a latitude_n and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v northwards_o and_o southwards_o then_o look_v what_o number_n in_o the_o second_o column_n be_v answerable_a to_o each_o degree_n or_o minute_n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o this_o table_n of_o latitude_n omit_v always_o four_o or_o five_o of_o the_o first_o figure_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o at_o the_o same_o number_n of_o part_n in_o the_o perpendicular_o make_v prick_n on_o either_o side_n the_o aequinoctial_a by_o which_o prick_n draw_v right_a line_n equidistant_a from_o the_o aequinoctial_a for_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o true_a nautical_a planisphere_n or_o sea-chart_n notwithstanding_o these_o parallel_n be_v all_o oâ—â—hem_n a_o little_o further_a distant_a from_o the_o aequinoctial_a then_o in_o truth_n they_o shall_v be_v and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o further_o they_o be_v from_o the_o aequinoctial_a which_o error_n may_v be_v something_o the_o less_o if_o the_o former_a table_n have_v be_v first_o make_v to_o small_a part_n than_o minute_n but_o that_o be_v a_o matter_n more_o curious_a than_o necessary_a the_o table_n here_o before_o set_v down_o be_v so_o near_o the_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a by_o any_o rule_n or_o instrument_n of_o navigation_n to_o discover_v any_o sensible_a error_n in_o the_o sea-chart_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v according_a thereto_o the_o figure_n follow_v contain_v only_o one_o part_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a northwards_o because_o the_o other_o part_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a southwards_o must_v be_v altogether_o like_a and_o equal_a to_o this_o herein_o first_o i_o draw_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n ac_fw-la and_o divide_v it_o into_o 36_o equal_a part_n whereof_o every_o one_o be_v understand_v to_o contain_v ten_o degree_n and_o i_o raise_v perpendicular_o from_o every_o one_o of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n every_o where_o aequidistant_a each_o from_o other_o then_o i_o take_v half_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a at_o c_z with_o the_o other_o foot_n i_o make_v a_o prick_n at_o d_o in_o the_o perpendicular_a or_o meridian_n cd_o the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o c_o and_o d_o i_o divide_v into_o 1080_o part_n understand_v every_o one_o of_o the_o small_a part_n or_o segment_n of_o the_o line_n cd_o to_o contain_v ten_o lesser_a part_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v and_o set_v figure_n to_o they_o as_o here_o you_o see_v for_o the_o ready_a number_n and_o find_v out_o of_o any_o of_o those_o part_n then_o i_o look_v in_o the_o former_a table_n what_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n answer_v to_o every_o ten_o degree_n and_o cast_a away_o five_o of_o the_o first_o figure_n next_o the_o right_a hand_n because_o i_o conceive_v the_o space_n betwixt_o c_o and_o d_o to_o be_v divide_v only_o into_o 1080_o part_n i_o find_v out_o the_o part_n answerable_a to_o the_o number_n remain_v in_o the_o line_n cd_o and_o at_o those_o part_n i_o make_v prick_v by_o which_o i_o draw_v the_o parallel_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o table_n the_o number_n answerable_a to_o ten_o degree_n be_v 60_o cast_v away_o the_o five_o first_o figure_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n therefore_o i_o look_v 60_o in_o the_o line_n cd_o and_o by_o that_o part_n i_o draw_v the_o parallel_n of_o ten_o degree_n distance_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a likewise_o the_o number_n answer_v to_o twenty_o degree_n omit_v the_o five_o first_o figure_n be_v 122_o therefore_o by_o that_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n i_o draw_v the_o parallel_n of_o twenty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a etc._n etc._n and_o after_o this_o manner_n i_o draw_v all_o the_o rest_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a draught_n the_o draught_n of_o the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o rumb_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphear_n true_o make_v chap._n four_o 〈◊〉_d way_n for_o graduate_a the_o meridian_n of_o a_o general_a sea-chart_n otherwise_o for_o the_o divide_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o general_a sea-chart_n into_o his_o degree_n and_o other_o small_a part_n of_o latitude_n when_o the_o chart_n have_v not_o so_o great_a latitude_n or_o breadth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south_n as_o have_v the_o figure_n before_o set_v down_o you_o may_v go_v thus_o to_o work_v first_o find_v out_o what_o proportion_n the_o whole_a longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o chart_n from_o west_n to_o east_n must_v have_v to_o the_o whole_a breadth_n thereof_o betwixt_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o most_o northerly_a and_o southerly_a place_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v down_o therein_o which_o may_v be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n out_o of_o the_o second_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n take_v the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a north_n and_o south_n latitude_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n divide_v those_o number_n by_o 600,000_o that_o be_v the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n answerable_a to_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o quotient_n will_v show_v how_o many_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o chart_n must_v be_v on_o either_o side_n the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o general_a sea-â—hart_a to_o be_v adjoin_v to_o this_o book_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o north_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o new_a land_n find_v by_o the_o hollander_n about_o the_o year_n â—596_n and_o by_o they_o call_v gebrooken_v land_n lie_v northwards_o â—rom_o norway_n be_v about_o 80_o degree_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n island_n first_o find_v by_o sir_n francis_n drake_n lie_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o magellanes_n straits_n be_v about_o 53_o degree_n the_o â—umbers_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n answerable_a to_o these_o laâ—â—tudes_n find_v out_o in_o the_o foresay_a table_n of_o
according_a to_o that_o proportion_n wherewith_o the_o meridian_n be_v great_a than_o that_o parallel_n therefore_o the_o true_a difference_n of_o longitude_n betwixt_o lisbon_n and_o tercaera_n that_o be_v the_o arâ—_n of_o the_o parallel_n or_o aeqinoctial_a contain_v betwixt_o the_o meridian_n of_o those_o place_n shall_v thus_o be_v find_v out_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o geometry_n that_o the_o diameter_n and_o periphery_n and_o consequent_o the_o semidiameter_n and_o like_a ark_n of_o circle_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o parallel_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a be_v the_o semediameter_n of_o the_o same_o parallel_n now_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o lisbon_n and_o tercaera_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a be_v about_o 39_o degree_n the_o compliment_n whereof_o be_v 51_o degree_n who_o sine_fw-la be_v 777_o which_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o foresay_a parallel_n in_o such_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la contain_v 1000_o which_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o meridan_n therefore_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n inverse_v if_o 262_o spanish_a league_n make_v 15_o degree_n in_o the_o meridian_n who_o semidiamiter_n be_v 1000_o part_n then_o in_o the_o parallel_n who_o semidiameter_n be_v 777_o of_o the_o same_o part_n they_o shall_v make_v 19_o degree_n and_o 237_o 777_o part_n of_o one_o degree_n that_o be_v 18_o min._n and_o little_a more_o which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o course_n from_o lisbon_n to_o madera_n be_v south-west_n and_o from_o madera_n to_o tercaera_n northwest_o and_o that_o the_o latitude_n of_o madera_n be_v 31_o degree_n 30_o min._n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o lisbon_n and_o tercaera_n 39_o deg_n shall_v be_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n betwixt_o lisbon_n and_o tercaera_n whereas_o ortelius_n and_o mercator_n follow_v as_o it_o seem_v the_o mariner_n chart_n 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inclination_n only_o by_o which_o some_o have_v sail_v from_o the_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sail_v to_o india_n for_o the_o marine_a chart_n place_v that_o promontory_n of_o africa_n call_v the_o promontory_n of_o 3_o point_n be_v in_o latitude_n towards_o the_o north_n 4_o degree_n and_o one_o half_a and_o the_o land_n of_o tristan_n acugna_fw-la which_o have_v 36_o degree_n of_o southern_a latitude_n under_o the_o self_n same_o meridian_n also_o the_o marine_a chart_n show_v the_o distance_n between_o these_o land_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n to_o be_v almost_o 400_o league_n both_o which_o notwithstanding_o can_v stand_v together_o for_o if_o all_o the_o shore_n from_o the_o promontory_n of_o 3_o point_n unto_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v right_o describe_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o 3_o point_n also_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o those_o land_n the_o foresay_a distance_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o less_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o less_o it_o can_v be_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o meridian_n with_o the_o promontory_n of_o 3_o point_n but_o must_v needs_o be_v more_o to_o the_o westward_n hereof_o it_o come_v that_o the_o mariner_n be_v very_o oft_o deceive_v when_o they_o go_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o follow_v that_o direction_n which_o the_o sea-chart_n show_v they_o which_o place_n when_o they_o find_v not_o by_o that_o course_n they_o think_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o error_n be_v either_o some_o swift_a current_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o carry_v they_o another_o way_n or_o else_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n although_o perchance_o they_o err_v only_o because_o they_o know_v not_o how_o those_o place_n do_v bear_v one_o from_o another_o globe_n 4._o neither_o be_v they_o only_o deceive_v in_o that_o because_o they_o think_v that_o the_o sea-chart_n can_v show_v the_o situation_n of_o all_o place_n but_o also_o because_o that_o when_o they_o will_v translate_v the_o sea_n coast_v out_o of_o the_o chart_n into_o the_o globe_n they_o do_v it_o have_v respect_n only_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n find_v therein_o and_o no_o otherwise_o then_o when_o they_o set_v the_o fix_a star_n into_o a_o celestial_a globe_n so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o only_o those_o error_n be_v commit_v which_o do_v necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o common_a sea-chart_n but_o other_o error_n also_o which_o may_v be_v avoid_v if_o they_o first_o turn_v into_o degree_n those_o distance_n of_o longitude_n which_o they_o have_v true_o know_v and_o then_o follow_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n sea-chart_n 5._o in_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n there_o be_v as_o great_a error_n commit_v as_o in_o any_o of_o the_o former_a for_o example_n if_o you_o imagine_v 2_o ship_n to_o be_v under_o the_o aequinoctial_a 100_o league_n asunder_o and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v sail_v from_o thence_o due_a north_n or_o south_n under_o his_o meridian_n until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o parallel_n of_o 60_o degree_n latitude_n they_o shall_v be_v there_o but_o only_o 50_o league_n distant_a because_o at_o that_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n be_v distant_a but_o half_a so_o much_o one_o from_o another_o as_o they_o be_v at_o the_o aequinoctial_a as_o it_o may_v most_o manifest_o appear_v by_o the_o globe_n and_o yet_o the_o chart_n will_v show_v that_o those_o two_o ship_n have_v the_o self_n same_o distance_n of_o 100_o league_n be_v under_o the_o parallel_n of_o 60_o degree_n which_o they_o have_v before_o when_o they_o be_v under_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n compass_n 6_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o error_n remain_v though_o all_o the_o former_a be_v avoid_v which_o arise_v hereof_o because_o that_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o compass_n they_o bend_v and_o turn_v the_o ship_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o constrain_v it_o always_o to_o make_v the_o same_o angle_n with_o the_o meridian_n as_o when_o they_o sail_v from_o vshent_n to_o cape_n raso_n both_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n they_o guide_v the_o ship_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o make_v always_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o meridian_n and_o so_o hold_v on_o their_o course_n due_a west_n they_o keep_v themselves_o always_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o more_o certain_a course_n whereby_o they_o may_v go_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o without_o that_o loss_n of_o way_n which_o they_o must_v needs_o make_v that_o keep_v themselves_o always_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n there_o be_v moreover_o another_o commodity_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o sail_v that_o we_o may_v find_v every_o day_n by_o a_o more_o certain_a account_n what_o way_n we_o have_v make_v and_o know_v in_o what_o place_n we_o be_v but_o this_o way_n be_v not_o to_o be_v define_v by_o any_o of_o the_o lesser_a circle_n but_o by_o a_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v by_o those_o two_o place_n and_o the_o ark_n of_o that_o great_a circle_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o same_o place_n be_v less_o than_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o lie_v between_o they_o as_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o a_o evident_a and_o necessary_a reason_n out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n much_o like_a as_o a_o straight_a line_n be_v short_a than_o a_o crooked_a both_o be_v extend_v between_o the_o same_o prick_n therefore_o this_o commodity_n be_v also_o hereunto_o adjoin_v that_o in_o sail_v by_o a_o great_a circle_n the_o way_n be_v more_o short_a and_o compendious_a but_o he_o that_o enter_v into_o this_o course_n of_o sail_v must_v know_v that_o he_o must_v often_o change_v the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n whereupon_o he_o guide_v the_o ship_n because_o of_o the_o variable_a
clavius_n his_o gross_a demonstration_n hereof_o 90_o a_o more_o exact_a demonst_a with_o the_o practice_n thereof_o 92_o the_o angle_n of_o dip_v for_o any_o height_n of_o the_o eye_n 96_o 3_o error_n by_o the_o parallax_n of_o the_o sun_n correct_v 96_o 4_o error_n in_o observe_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n correct_v 97_o chap._n 16·_a fault_n amend_v in_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n common_o call_v the_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n 97_o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o table_n of_o declination_n of_o every_o minute_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o degree_n min._n and_o sec._n make_v according_a to_o the_o great_a obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n this_o present_a age_n which_o by_o exact_a observation_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 31_o min._n and_o a_o half_a 98_o a_o table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o every_o minute_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o degree_n min._n and_o sec._n 101_o chap._n 18._o the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n of_o declination_n 116_o chap._n 19_o the_o description_n and_o use_n of_o a_o great_a quadrant_n for_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o land_n 120_o a_o table_n of_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n meridian_n altitude_n take_v by_o the_o foresay_a quadrant_n in_o the_o year_n 1594_o 1595_o 1596_o 1597_o at_o london_n  _fw-fr chap._n 20._o the_o find_n of_o the_o sun_n apogeum_n and_o eccentricity_n out_o of_o the_o former_a observation_n 142_o to_o know_v the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o any_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a 142_o chap._n 21._o the_o middle_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n correct_v out_o of_o the_o former_a observation_n 150_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n middle_a motion_n 152_o chap._n 22._o a_o new_a theoric_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n prosthaphaereses_n 154_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n prosthaphaereses_n 157_o chap._n 23._o the_o make_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n of_o the_o sun_n 159_o chap._n 24._o how_o to_o reduce_v the_o apparent_a time_n to_o the_o equal_a time_n answer_v thereto_o 162_o a_o table_n of_o the_o aequation_n of_o natural_a day_n 162_o chap._n 25._o a_o table_n of_o aequation_n of_o the_o sun_n ephemerides_n to_o make_v they_o serve_v for_o many_o year_n 163_o ephemerides_n of_o the_o sun_n 164_o chap._n 26._o the_o use_n of_o these_o ephemerides_n 169_o chap._n 27._o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 170_o prosthaphaereses_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 172_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 173_o chap._n 28·_a the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n of_o declination_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n 181_o chap._n 29_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o principal_a fix_a star_n about_o the_o equinoctial_a correct_v by_o observation_n 183_o a_o table_n of_o fix_a star_n about_o the_o equinoctial_a 198_o chap._n 30._o the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a table_n 199_o chap._n 31._o the_o true_a distance_n of_o certain_a principal_a fix_a star_n from_o the_o north_n pole_n find_v by_o late_a observation_n 199_o chap._n 32._o to_o know_v at_o what_o time_n any_o of_o the_o foresay_a fix_a star_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n for_o any_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 202_o a_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n right_a ascension_n in_o hour_n and_o minute_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 204_o chap._n 33._o by_o the_o former_a table_n of_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o sun_n right_a ascension_n to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n 206_o chap._n 34._o of_o find_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o observation_n of_o the_o pole_n star_n and_o guard_n 207_o chap._n 35._o the_o description_n and_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n quadrant_n 208_o chap._n 36._o the_o description_n of_o the_o nocturnal_a or_o night_n dial_n 210_o chap._n 37._o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n quadrant_n first_o in_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n look_v only_o to_o the_o horizon_n at_o sea_n 211_o chap._n 38._o how_o with_o this_o quadrant_n to_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o â—our_n back_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n 211_o chap._n 39_o how_o to_o observe_v with_o this_o quadrant_n the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n look_v both_o to_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n and_o to_o the_o horizon_n 212_o chap_n 40._o how_o to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o observation_n of_o the_o polestar_n and_o guard_n without_o give_v or_o take_v any_o allowance_n or_o abatement_n at_o any_o time_n when_o the_o polestar_n the_o guard_n and_o horizon_n may_v be_v see_v 213_o to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n by_o the_o nocturnal_a 213_o a_o answer_n to_o simon_n stevin_n show_v his_o erorr_v in_o blame_v i_o of_o error_n in_o my_o table_n of_o rumb_n 214_o the_o content_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n the_o division_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o navigation_n pag._n 1_o chap._n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o the_o sphere_n 2_o 2._o that_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o sphere_n 2_o 3._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o sphere_n 2_o 4._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o 5._o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o 6._o that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v one_o perfect_a globe_n 5_o 7._o that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n 5_o 8._o the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o 9_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n 6_o 10._o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n 6_o 11._o of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n 7_o 12._o of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n 7_o 13._o of_o the_o colour_n 8_o 14._o of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n 8_o 15._o of_o the_o horizon_n 9_o 16._o of_o the_o 32_o wind_n 10_o 17._o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n 12_o 18._o of_o the_o parallel_n 13_o 19_o of_o the_o degree_n 13_o 20._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 14_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o practic_n part_n show_v the_o make_n and_o use_n of_o the_o principal_a instrument_n belong_v to_o this_o art_n chap._n 1._o the_o make_n of_o the_o astrolabe_n pag._n 15_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n pag._n 17_o 3._o of_o the_o shadow_n 18_o 4._o of_o the_o regiment_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o sun_n 19_o 5._o of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o of_o the_o table_n thereof_o 20_o how_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 21_o 6._o the_o equation_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 22_o 7._o four_o example_n for_o the_o plain_a declaration_n of_o that_o which_o be_v say_v before_o 22_o 8._o another_o manner_n of_o account_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o they_o use_v in_o portugal_n 25_o 9_o how_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v know_v in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o without_o a_o astrolabe_n first_o know_v your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a 25_o 10._o the_o rule_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o north-star_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n 26_o 11._o the_o make_n of_o the_o crosse-staffe_n 27_o 12._o of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o north-star_n and_o the_o guard_n 28_o 13._o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n take_v with_o the_o crosse-staffe_n 30_o 14._o the_o regiment_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o north_n star_n 30_o 15._o other_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n 32_o 16._o of_o the_o crosier_n 34_o 17._o of_o the_o sea-compasse_n 34_o 18._o how_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n may_v be_v find_v 37_o the_o find_v of_o the_o meridian_n line_n 37_o 19_o of_o the_o sea-chart_n 38_o 20._o of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n 41_o 21._o of_o the_o traverse_n or_o geometrical_a point_n 42_o 22._o of_o the_o amend_v of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n 42_o the_o amend_v of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o the_o traverse_n point_n 43_o the_o amendment_n of_o the_o point_n of_o imagination_n by_o north_n south_n east_n west_n 43_o 23._o the_o point_n by_o imagination_n and_o the_o height_n 44_o 24._o what_o it_o be_v to_o increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o height_n 45_o 25._o how_o you_o may_v cast_v a_o traverse_n point_n without_o compass_n 46_o 26._o of_o another_o kind_n of_o cast_v a_o point_n by_o traverse_n 46_o 27._o of_o the_o league_n which_o in_o navigation_n answer_v to_o each_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o every_o rumb_n 47_o chap._n 28._o how_o you_o may_v come_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o the_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n pag_n 48_o 29._o how_o you_o may_v set_v down_o in_o your_o chart_n a_o new_a land_n never_o before_o discover_v 50_o 30._o see_v two_o know_a point_n or_o cape_n of_o land_n as_o you_o sail_v along_o
such_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v by_o other_o circumstance_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o although_o the_o mariner_n may_v find_v amsterdam_n otherwise_o as_o by_o the_o place_n near_o adjoin_v by_o conjecture_n by_o the_o sounding_n by_o the_o sand_n and_o many_o other_o sign_n without_o any_o regard_n of_o the_o variation_n yet_o i_o think_v good_a to_o propound_v a_o know_a place_n for_o example_n that_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o same_o rule_n may_v be_v know_v in_o long_a navigation_n wherein_o no_o land_n appear_v as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n desire_v to_o sail_v from_o hence_o to_o cape_n s._n augustine_n in_o brasile_n and_o know_v that_o the_o variation_n there_o as_o it_o be_v report_v be_v 3_o deg_n and_o 10_o min._n and_o the_o latitude_n 8_o deg_n 30_o min._n towards_o the_o south_n when_o in_o go_v thitherwards_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o that_o latitude_n and_o variation_n he_o shall_v then_o know_v that_o he_o be_v come_v to_o the_o cape_n of_o s._n augustine_n and_o although_o he_o think_v otherwise_o by_o his_o conjecture_n and_o reckon_v yet_o not_o regard_v that_o conjecture_n he_o shall_v confess_v himself_o either_o to_o have_v guess_v ill_o or_o else_o to_o have_v be_v deceive_v with_o some_o eastern_a or_o western_a current_n for_o reason_n will_v not_o suffer_v we_o to_o think_v that_o that_o variation_n which_o before_o be_v find_v at_o the_o cape_n of_o s._n augustine_n be_v change_v that_o he_o shall_v need_v to_o yield_v himself_o to_o that_o opinion_n so_o also_o who_o will_v not_o esteem_v it_o to_o be_v absurd_a and_o altogether_o against_o reason_n that_o he_o which_o know_v very_o well_o that_o he_o find_v at_o sea_n another_o variation_n then_o that_o which_o be_v at_o cape_n s._n augustine_n of_o 3_o degr_n 10_o min._n shall_v notwithstanding_o neglect_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o variation_n and_o rest_v upon_o conjecture_n only_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v near_o the_o cape_n s_o augustine_n because_o he_o speak_v contrary_a thing_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o variation_n there_o be_v 3_o degree_n 10_o minute_n and_o again_o avouch_v that_o it_o be_v not_o neither_o be_v this_o unworthy_a the_o mark_v which_o have_v often_o happen_v that_o he_o which_o shall_v have_v sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o s._n helena_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o same_o island_n and_o see_v not_o there_o the_o island_n and_o be_v also_o ignorant_a whether_o he_o be_v to_o the_o eastward_n or_o westward_o from_o the_o same_o by_o conjecture_n seek_v that_o place_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o indeed_o lie_v from_o he_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o so_o the_o further_o he_o sail_v the_o further_a always_o he_o go_v from_o that_o island_n now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o thy_o consideration_n if_o he_o whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o be_v master_n of_o that_o ship_n which_o diligent_o seek_v that_o island_n for_o the_o space_n of_o certain_a week_n tack_v about_o also_o divers_a time_n before_o he_o can_v find_v any_o place_n to_o abide_v in_o if_o he_o i_o say_v have_v not_o be_v ignorant_a what_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v at_o s._n helen_n island_n and_o what_o the_o use_n of_o the_o variation_n be_v at_o sea_n and_o how_o to_o find_v it_o out_o i_o leave_v it_o i_o say_v to_o thy_o consideration_n whether_o he_o will_v willing_o have_v float_v doubtful_o to_o and_o fro_o follow_v a_o great_a variation_n know_v assure_o that_o the_o variation_n there_o be_v lesser_a hereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v how_o great_a use_n there_o be_v of_o the_o variation_n when_o they_o especial_o which_o in_o sail_v follow_v the_o line_n show_v the_o course_n which_o line_n because_o now_o they_o have_v find_v this_o name_n among_o the_o portugal_n we_o call_v rumb_n the_o ignorance_n of_o which_o line_n can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v in_o they_o which_o attempt_v long_a voyage_n upon_o the_o huge_a ocean_n ought_v every_v where_o to_o know_v certain_o the_o place_n of_o the_o true_a north_n which_o be_v common_o find_v by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o variation_n if_o any_o man_n likewise_o consider_v the_o uncertain_a situation_n of_o those_o place_n which_o be_v set_v into_o globe_n or_o sea_n chart_n by_o the_o mariner_n relation_n which_o uncertainty_n take_v his_o beginning_n from_o hence_o because_o every_o man_n think_v that_o to_o be_v the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o north_n which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o flower_n deluce_a as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o compass_n which_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o from_o home_n which_o thing_n also_o bring_v no_o less_o doubtfulness_n to_o the_o mariner_n themselves_o he_o will_v think_v and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o variation_n be_v a_o very_a needful_a thing_n even_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o because_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o place_v the_o flowerdeluce_a in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o miss_v any_o thing_n in_o show_v the_o true_a north_n part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o wit_n if_o one_o move_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n or_o point_n of_o the_o wire_n in_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o flowerdeluce_a so_o much_o as_o need_n shall_v require_v these_o thing_n therefore_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o grant_v and_o this_o especial_o that_o the_o variation_n alter_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o country_n as_o by_o the_o common_a testimony_n of_o all_o man_n it_o be_v prove_v it_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n manifest_a that_o they_o which_o deny_v this_o vary_a property_n to_o be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n for_o navigation_n be_v either_o wise_a than_o the_o common_a sort_n and_o have_v some_o hide_a secret_n which_o be_v not_o reveal_v to_o every_o man_n or_o else_o be_v notable_a fool_n and_o mad_a man_n therefore_o when_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n maurice_n have_v thorough_o consider_v hereof_o think_v that_o it_o may_v assure_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_n that_o mariner_n may_v receive_v great_a profit_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o the_o high_a admiral_n give_v commandment_n to_o all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o admiralty_n adjoin_v also_o thereto_o a_o certain_a introduction_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v their_o best_a indevor_n that_o all_o master_n of_o ship_n shall_v provide_v themselves_o for_o this_o purpose_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o they_o shall_v come_v they_o shall_v seek_v out_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n from_o the_o north_n or_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n not_o light_o run_v over_o the_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o way_n and_o for_o fashion_n sake_n only_o but_o with_o great_a carefulness_n and_o diligence_n take_v with_o they_o meet_v and_o needful_a instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o that_o after_o their_o return_n into_o their_o own_o country_n they_o shall_v true_o and_o faithful_o certify_v their_o company_n or_o brotherhood_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o that_o matter_n that_o the_o self_n same_o experiment_n be_v by_o they_o bring_v into_o good_a order_n may_v be_v publish_v for_o the_o common_a good_a but_o that_o every_o man_n may_v more_o perfect_o learn_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v it_o meet_v here_o to_o set_v down_o certain_a principle_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o to_o be_v further_o search_v into_o by_o more_o experiment_n in_o which_o shall_v be_v show_v a_o general_a view_n or_o table_n of_o those_o place_n who_o variation_n have_v already_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o learned_a geographer_n petrus_n plancius_n with_o continual_a labour_n and_o not_o without_o great_a charge_n from_o divers_a corner_n of_o the_o earth_n near_o and_o far_o off_o who_o for_o honour_n sake_n i_o therefore_o name_n that_o as_o well_o they_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o find_v out_o place_n or_o haven_n after_o this_o manner_n as_o also_o they_o that_o have_v already_o find_v may_v know_v that_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v thanks_o to_o plancius_n alone_o as_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o observation_n but_o that_o table_n or_o general_a view_n of_o variation_n whereof_o there_o shall_v hereafter_o follow_v a_o plain_a declaration_n be_v this_o a_o table_n or_o view_n of_o variation_n the_o northea_n or_o the_o east_n variation_n of_o the_o first_o part_n or_o space_n towards_o the_o north._n increase_v  _fw-fr northea_v latitude_n longitude_n  _fw-fr deg._n m_o deg._n mi_fw-mi deg._n mi._n in_o the_o flemish_a island_n corvo_n 0_o 0_o n_o 37_o 0_o 0_o 0_o in_o the_o flemish_a island_n saint_n mary_n 3_o 20_o n_o 37_o 0_o 8_o 20_o near_o the_o island_n maio_n 4_o 55_o n_o 15_o 0_o 11_o 20_o at_o palma_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n land_n 6_o 10_o n_o 28_o 30_o 16_o 20_o at_o
subtend_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o two_o place_n take_v therefore_o the_o length_n of_o ge_n with_o the_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o h_n where_o the_o degree_n begin_v the_o other_o stretch_v forward_o in_o the_o circle_n will_v point_v you_o out_o the_o distance_n of_o saint_n thomas_n island_n and_o london_n 52_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n and_o about_o one_o half_a that_o be_v 1050_o league_n or_o 3150_o english_a mile_n if_o both_o place_n have_v latitude_n do_v the_o like_a for_o both_o place_n as_o before_o you_o do_v for_o the_o one_o place_n have_v latitude_n till_o you_o have_v cross_v both_o diameter_n with_o perpendicular_o then_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n the_o distance_n of_o those_o cross_n now_o if_o both_o their_o latitude_n be_v of_o one_o denomination_n that_o be_v both_o northerly_a or_o both_o southerly_a and_o equal_a set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n where_o the_o degree_n begin_v to_o be_v number_v in_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n extend_v therein_o that_o way_n which_o the_o number_n succeed_v will_v show_v you_o the_o distance_n as_o for_o example_n london_n and_o cape_n blanco_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o new-found_a land_n have_v both_o northerly_a and_o almost_o equal_a latitude_n of_o 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n have_v therefore_o draw_v as_o well_o the_o diameter_n bc_n and_o dl_o from_o b_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o london_n viz._n 22_o degree_n and_o from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o cape_n blanco_n which_o admit_v to_o be_v 331_o degree_n as_o also_o the_o perpendicular_o or_o sin_n of_o both_o their_o latitude_n of_o and_o kl_n as_o before_o be_v show_v cross_v the_o diameter_n in_o f_o and_o l_o the_o distance_n fl_fw-mi take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o translate_v into_o the_o circle_n as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n will_v show_v you_o the_o distance_n of_o cape_n blanco_n from_o london_n to_o be_v almost_o 31_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n that_o be_v 620_o league_n or_o 1860_o mile_n if_o the_o latitude_n be_v not_o both_o equal_a and_o also_o of_o one_o denomination_n leave_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o sine_fw-la or_o perpendicular_a descend_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o great_a latitude_n with_o the_o other_o foot_n make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o same_o diameter_n wherein_o that_o cross_n be_v then_o if_o the_o latitude_n be_v both_o of_o one_o denomination_n â—ake_v with_o the_o compass_n the_o length_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a or_o sine_fw-la draw_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o lesser_a latitude_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o great_a latitude_n with_o the_o other_o make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o perpendicular_a descend_v from_o it_o that_o be_v in_o the_o sine_fw-la thereof_o take_v the_o distance_n of_o this_o prick_n from_o the_o former_a make_v in_o the_o diameter_n this_o distance_n transfer_v into_o the_o circle_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n will_v give_v you_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n give_v as_o london_n and_o jerusalem_n have_v both_o northerly_a and_o unequal_a latitude_n hierusalems_n latitude_n be_v only_o 32_o degree_n first_o therefore_o note_v in_o the_o circle_n both_o their_o longitude_n the_o longitude_n of_o london_n viz._n 22_o degree_n as_o before_o with_o b_o the_o longitude_n of_o jerusalem_n 68_o degree_n note_v with_o m_n let_v the_o perpendicular_a or_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o london_n and_o jerusalem_n of_o and_o no_o be_v draw_v as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n make_v fp_n equal_a to_o of_o and_o pq_n equal_a to_o no_o the_o space_n betwixt_o p_o and_o q_o take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o then_o both_o foot_n set_v in_o the_o circle_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n be_v show_v shall_v contain_v between_o they_o the_o desire_a distance_n of_o jerusalem_n from_o london_n 38_o degree_n and_o about_o ¾_n that_o be_v 775_o league_n which_o be_v 2325_o mile_n but_o if_o the_o latitude_n be_v of_o divers_a denomination_n that_o be_v one_o northerly_a and_o the_o other_o southerly_a continue_v forth_o the_o perpendicular_a that_o cross_v the_o diameter_n wherein_o the_o foresay_a prick_n be_v make_v till_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o both_o perpendicular_o that_o be_v to_o the_o sin_n of_o both_o latitude_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o end_n of_o this_o continue_a perpendicular_a from_o the_o prick_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o diameter_n take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o translate_v into_o the_o graduated_a peripherie_n of_o the_o circle_n as_o before_o will_v show_v you_o how_o many_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v contain_v between_o both_o place_n to_o shut_v up_o this_o matter_n with_o one_o example_n suppose_v you_o will_v know_v how_o far_o cusco_n in_o peru_n be_v from_o london_n let_v the_o longitude_n of_o cusco_n be_v 295_o degree_n the_o latitude_n 11_o degree_n southerly_a the_o longitude_n of_o london_n as_o before_o 22_o degree_n the_o latitude_n 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n from_o both_o these_o longitude_n note_v in_o the_o circle_n with_o b_o and_o r_o draw_v the_o diameter_n as_o before_o bc_n and_o rv_v as_o also_o the_o perpendicular_o or_o sin_n of_o their_o latitude_n of_o and_o it_o be_v make_v fx_n equal_a to_o f_n the_o distance_n of_o those_o sin_n and_o ay_o equal_a to_o st_n the_o sine_fw-la of_o cuscoes_n latitude_n take_v the_o distance_n xy_n between_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o set_v they_o both_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n so_o shall_v you_o find_v that_o there_o be_v betwixt_o london_n and_o cusco_n almost_o 97_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n that_o be_v 1940_o league_n or_o 5820_o mile_n if_o you_o have_v rather_o keep_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o circle_n make_v the_o perpendicular_a xz_n equal_a to_o st_n and_o proceed_v with_o ez_n as_o you_o do_v before_o with_o xy_n paste_n this_o upon_o the_o margin_n of_o letter_n n._n fol._n 65._o so_o as_o it_o may_v lie_v open_a all_o the_o while_n the_o foregoing_a matter_n of_o the_o same_o chap._n be_v read_v also_o because_o all_o the_o sin_n of_o latitude_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o same_o plain_a of_o the_o aequinoctial_a be_v parallel_n by_o the_o 5._o e_fw-la 21._o ram._n 6._o pr._n 11._o eucl._n therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o e_fw-la 2._o ram._n or_o 35._o d._n 1._o eucl._n fl_fw-mi be_v the_o line_n subtend_v the_o distance_n of_o london_n and_o cape_n â—â—anco_n again_o because_o fp_n whereto_o of_o be_v perpendicular_a be_v make_v equal_a to_o foe_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o london_n and_o jerusalem_n to_o which_o distance_n of_o be_v also_o perpendicular_a in_o the_o globe_n and_o eq_n also_o equal_a to_o no_o therefore_o fq_n be_v the_o difference_n 〈◊〉_d the_o sin_n of_o london_n and_o hierusalems_n latitude_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o same_o distance_n betwixt_o p_o and_o q_o that_o there_o be_v between_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o hierusalems_n and_o london_n latitude_n in_o the_o globe_n last_o fx_n be_v equal_a to_o f_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o latitude_n of_o london_n and_o cusco_n in_o peru_n and_o xz_n perpendicular_a to_o fx_v and_o equal_a to_o st_n the_o sine_fw-la of_o cuscoes_n latitude_n as_o of_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o london_n latitude_n and_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o same_o line_n xf_n ez_n to_o which_o xy_n be_v equal_a by_o the_o 6._o c._n 12._o e_fw-la 5_o ram._n 33._o pr._n 1._o eucl._n you_o be_v equal_a and_o parallel_n to_o xz_n must_v needs_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o straight_a line_n extend_v within_o the_o globe_n between_o the_o point_n of_o latitude_n of_o cusco_n and_o london_n now_o out_o of_o this_o demonstration_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n if_o any_o list_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o be_v so_o curious_a to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o two_o place_n arithmetical_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n have_v always_o two_o side_n give_v which_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o two_o place_n as_o open_v fp_n lp_v fp_n rp_n fp_n ap_n fp_n together_o with_o the_o angle_n contain_v between_o they_o that_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o longitude_n whereby_o favorina_n foyes_n fl_fw-mi fs_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o latitude_n be_v find_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o copernic_n de_fw-fr triang_n planis_fw-la the_o line_n also_o subtend_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n may_v most_o easy_o be_v find_v by_o the_o 3._o copernic_n de_fw-fr triang_n plan_n for_o the_o square_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sin_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o latitude_n if_o both_o be_v northerly_a or_o both_o southerly_a or_o of_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o
any_o land_n this_o horizon_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o right_a and_o oblique_a the_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o pass_v by_o their_o zenith_n and_o therefore_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n or_o circle_n fall_v perpendicular_o and_o right_o across_o with_o their_o horizon_n and_o both_o the_o south_n and_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v in_o their_o horizon_n the_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v not_o direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o unto_o they_o the_o equinoctial_a divide_v the_o horizon_n oblique_o and_o not_o right_o across_o and_o one_o pole_n be_v always_o above_o their_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o be_v beneath_o their_o horizon_n and_o can_v be_v see_v this_o horizon_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n by_o a_o certain_a imagine_a circle_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o point_n where_o our_o ship_n be_v from_o which_o centre_n be_v imagine_v to_o proceed_v unto_o the_o say_a circle_n 32_o line_n which_o represent_v the_o 32_o wind_n or_o rumb_n which_o always_o be_v draw_v in_o our_o sea-compasse_n which_o likewise_o in_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o paper_n do_v continual_o represent_v unto_o we_o both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n the_o whole_a horizon_n with_o his_o 32_o division_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o 32_o wind_n this_o right_a or_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n by_o 16_o line_n which_o they_o call_v rumb_n and_o they_o cut_v themselves_o in_o the_o point_n where_o we_o stand_v of_o which_o rumb_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o point_n where_o the_o equinoctial_a begin_v and_o end_v which_o be_v where_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v the_o 11_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 13_o of_o september_n be_v call_v east_n and_o west_n and_o that_o which_o cut_v it_o right_o across_o be_v name_v north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o four_o extreme_n or_o end_n of_o these_o two_o line_n be_v distant_a upon_o the_o horizon_n one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o they_o make_v four_o quarter_n every_o one_o of_o which_o quarter_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n do_v make_v four_o other_o point_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o east_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o west_n northwest_n that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o east_n southeast_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o west_n south-west_n and_o so_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v by_o four_o line_n or_o numb_v into_o eight_o principal_a wind_n note_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o black_a line_n and_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o those_o eight_o part_n in_o the_o midst_n you_o shall_v have_v other_o eight_o line_n and_o other_o four_o rumb_n which_o in_o all_o be_v 16_o wind_n and_o each_o one_o of_o these_o have_v his_o name_n compound_v of_o the_o name_n of_o those_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n that_o half_a wind_n which_o be_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north-north-east_n and_o that_o which_o blow_v between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v east-north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o southeast_n east-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o southeast_n south-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o west_n west-south-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_n west-north-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o northwest_n and_o the_o north_n north-north-west_n and_o these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o chart_n with_o green_a line_n final_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o sixteen_o wind_n in_o the_o midst_n they_o will_v yield_v you_o other_o 16_o wind_n and_o will_v amount_v to_o 32_o wind_n in_o all_o which_o 16_o last_v mention_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o red_a line_n and_o be_v by_o the_o spaniard_n call_v quarter_n of_o the_o eight_o first_o and_o principal_a wind_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o that_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o it_o together_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n by_o and_o the_o name_n of_o another_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o two_o quarter-wind_n which_o fall_v next_o the_o rumb_n of_o the_o north_n that_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v towards_o the_o northwest_n be_v call_v north_n by_o west_n so_o likewise_o of_o those_o two_o wind_n which_o blow_n next_o the_o north-east_n that_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o east_n north-east_n and_o by_o east_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v name_v all_o the_o rest_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o sea-compasse_n and_o of_o the_o horizon_n divide_v into_o 32_o wind_n by_o 16_o rumb_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v wind_n that_o there_o be_v difference_n between_o the_o rumb_n and_o the_o wind_n because_o a_o rumb_n be_v one_o direct_v line_n continue_v with_o two_o contrary_a wind_n as_o the_o rumb_n of_o north_n &_o south_n and_o the_o rumb_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o so_o when_o we_o will_v name_v the_o lie_v of_o any_o coast_n we_o will_v say_v that_o it_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n or_o north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n but_o the_o wind_n be_v one_o line_n of_o those_o 32_o into_o which_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v and_o it_o be_v one_o part_n of_o those_o two_o which_o together_o be_v call_v the_o rumb_n and_o so_o we_o say_v that_o land_n lie_v from_o we_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o by_o west_n or_o towards_o the_o south-south-west_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n beside_o the_o six_o circle_n abovementioned_a which_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v other_o two_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n about_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o june_n and_o of_o december_n of_o which_o two_o circle_n that_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v the_o 12_o of_o june_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o the_o time_n that_o he_o rise_v the_o day_n follow_v be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o summer_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n for_o the_o sun_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o seem_v that_o he_o come_v no_o near_o to_o our_o zenith_n nor_o depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a one_o day_n more_o than_o another_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o go_v back_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o cross_v the_o same_o he_o go_v on_o the_o other_o side_n increase_v his_o declination_n until_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n upon_o which_o day_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o he_o be_v come_v about_o to_o rise_v again_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o describe_v another_o circle_n call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o winter_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n for_o the_o sun_n be_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o south_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n it_o seem_v for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n that_o he_o return_v not_o one_o whit_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a nor_o go_v further_o from_o our_o zenith_n one_o day_n more_o than_o other_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o come_v back_o again_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o be_v return_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o from_o thence_o towards_o our_o zenith_n these_o two_o circle_n in_o sea-chart_n be_v mark_v with_o two_o great_a red_a line_n draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n which_o lie_v on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v distant_a from_o thence_o about_o 23_o deg_n and_o a_o half_a and_o wheresoever_o our_o ship_n be_v in_o any_o place_n between_o these_o two_o circle_n or_o line_n we_o may_v in_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n take_v the_o sun_n in_o our_o zenith_n at_o which_o time_n it_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o be_v then_o just_a 90_o degr_n high_a above_o our_o horizon_n but_o they_o which_o be_v without_o the_o say_v two_o circle_n or_o line_n shall_v never_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o their_o zenith_n because_o it_o can_v come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 90_o degr_n above_o their_o horizon_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o parallel_n the_o parallel_a circle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v in_o all_o part_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o
that_o the_o rose_n or_o fly_n may_v play_v more_o nimble_o upon_o the_o pin_n this_o pin_n must_v be_v make_v of_o lattin_a with_o a_o very_a sharp_a point_n and_o be_v to_o be_v fasten_v upright_o in_o a_o round_a box_n of_o wood_n which_o must_v be_v of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o great_a cup-dish_n contain_v the_o rose_n within_o it_o be_v cover_v above_o with_o a_o clear_a round_a glass_n and_o the_o joint_n thereof_o must_v be_v stop_v with_o wax_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o wind_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o rose_n to_o disturb_v it_o there_o must_v be_v great_a care_n have_v that_o this_o rose_n with_o the_o wire_n place_v upon_o the_o pin_n may_v go_v nimble_o and_o may_v not_o swerve_v more_o to_o the_o one_o side_n then_o to_o the_o other_o but_o may_v stand_v even_o and_o level_a and_o when_o it_o incline_v towards_o either_o part_n you_o must_v put_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n a_o little_a wax_n or_o a_o thin_a plate_n of_o lead_n fasten_v under_o the_o pasteboard_n which_o cover_v the_o wire_n this_o box_n wherein_o the_o rose_n play_v up_o and_o down_o hang_v within_o two_o hoop_n of_o lattin_a which_o be_v two_o round_a circle_n enclose_v one_o within_o another_o and_o distant_a asunder_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o finger_n breadth_n with_o two_o nail_n of_o lattin_a which_o be_v diametral_o opposite_a and_o the_o box_n be_v fit_o place_v within_o these_o hoop_n you_o must_v make_v in_o the_o outward_a hoop_n two_o hole_n which_o must_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o foresay_a two_o nail_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n both_o way_n and_o by_o these_o two_o hole_n must_v the_o outward_a hoop_n or_o circle_n be_v fasten_v within_o a_o square_a box_n or_o a_o round_a so_o as_o although_o that_o uttermost_a box_n be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o every_o way_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n yet_o always_o the_o superficies_n and_o glass_n of_o the_o inner_a box_n may_v lie_v level_a with_o the_o horizon_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o care_n the_o instrument_n which_o they_o call_v the_o sea-compasse_n be_v full_o finish_v the_o manner_n of_o use_v the_o same_o be_v when_o be_v place_v with_o the_o box_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o poop_n of_o the_o ship_n where_o the_o bittacle_n stand_v in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o pass_v from_o the_o bolt-sprit_n by_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o main_a mast_n to_o the_o poop_n it_o serve_v continual_o to_o govern_v the_o ship_n by_o move_v of_o the_o rudder_n till_o the_o wind_n or_o the_o line_n of_o your_o compass_n towards_o which_o we_o desire_v to_o shape_v our_o course_n stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o prow_n or_o bolt-sprit_n of_o the_o ship_n they_o use_v also_o for_o the_o night_n to_o mark_v a_o point_n within_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o inner_a box_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o capitel_a of_o the_o compass_n may_v stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o prow_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o always_o in_o guide_v the_o ship_n you_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o say_a point_n be_v continual_o join_v with_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o rose_n towards_o which_o you_o intend_v your_o course_n chap._n xviii_o how_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n may_v be_v find_v the_o mariner_n use_v to_o examine_v whether_o their_o compass_n north-easteth_a or_o south-westeth_a watch_v for_o that_o purpose_n when_o the_o former_a guard_n bear_v with_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n take_v a_o little_a of_o the_o point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n and_o place_v their_o compass_n in_o a_o open_a place_n where_o the_o north_n star_n may_v be_v see_v if_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-it of_o the_o rose_n look_v direct_o towards_o the_o star_n their_o compass_n vary_v nothing_o at_o all_o but_o if_o the_o star_n be_v to_o the_o north-east_n so_o much_o as_o it_o vary_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-la so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-westeth_a and_o if_o it_o vary_v to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o compass_n how_o much_o the_o star_n swerve_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o flowerdeluis_fw-it so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-easteth_a and_o in_o regard_n of_o this_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n there_o must_v always_o allowance_n be_v make_v in_o the_o course_n which_o be_v hold_v this_o manner_n of_o find_v out_o the_o variation_n i_o do_v account_n to_o be_v somewhat_o subject_a unto_o error_n but_o at_o land_n there_o be_v another_o more_o certain_a way_n by_o the_o meridian_n line_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o manner_n follow_v the_o find_n of_o the_o meridian-line_n in_o a_o superficies_n which_o be_v plain_a and_o level_v every_o where_o and_o in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o sun_n shine_v at_o his_o rise_n and_o set_v you_o must_v draw_v certain_a circle_n upon_o one_o centre_n and_o have_v pitch_v a_o stile_n upright_o in_o the_o same_o centre_n the_o head_n whereof_o must_v be_v approve_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n to_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o part_n of_o one_o of_o those_o circle_n observe_v you_o in_o the_o morning_n two_o or_o three_o hour_n before_o noon_n when_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o stile_n touch_v the_o circumference_n of_o any_o of_o those_o circle_n and_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o touch_n take_v diligent_a heed_n in_o the_o afternoon_n also_o when_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o shadow_n turn_v about_o to_o touch_v in_o the_o same_o circle_n and_o make_v another_o mark_n in_o that_o second_o touch_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v between_o those_o two_o mark_n then_o lay_v your_o ruler_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o division_n and_o upon_o the_o centre_n of_o those_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v your_o meridian_n and_o the_o true_a north_n and_o south_n rumb_n upon_o which_o set_v your_o compass_n and_o lay_v your_o ruler_n over_o the_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v pass_v along_o over_o the_o meridian_n and_o over_o the_o centre_n or_o capitel_a of_o the_o rose_n or_o fly_v either_o say_a ruler_n lie_v over_o the_o north_n and_o south_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o then_o be_v the_o compass_n without_o variation_n or_o the_o ruler_n decline_v towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o south-west_n and_o how_o much_o it_o decline_v that_o way_n so_o much_o the_o compass_n north-westeth_a or_o else_o it_o decline_v towards_o the_o northwest_n and_o then_o it_o north-easteth_a so_o much_o as_o the_o ruler_n decline_v that_o way_n but_o to_o know_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n we_o will_v deliver_v another_o far_o more_o easy_a and_o certain_a way_n when_o we_o come_v to_o entreat_v of_o the_o universal_a dial._n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o sea-chart_n the_o sea-chart_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o lively_a picture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o it_o contain_v five_o notable_a thing_n which_o do_v concern_v as_o well_o the_o true_a make_n of_o the_o chart_n as_o also_o the_o enable_v of_o the_o mariner_n to_o know_v the_o way_n which_o he_o make_v the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v and_o the_o end_n of_o his_o journey_n the_o first_o be_v the_o lay_v out_o of_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o do_v it_o be_v meet_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n in_o the_o same_o course_n distance_z and_o height_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o navigation_n the_o second_o be_v that_o it_o contain_v not_o only_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n but_o also_o all_o other_o particularity_n which_o do_v occur_v in_o sail_v as_o namely_o island_n iselet_n bank_n or_o bar_n shoalds_z rock_n and_o flat_n the_o three_o be_v the_o line_n which_o signify_v the_o 32_o wind_n by_o the_o help_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v whether_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v well_o lay_v out_o and_o in_o their_o true_a course_n one_o from_o another_o and_o of_o these_o wind_n the_o black_a be_v the_o eight_o principal_a which_o be_v call_v whole_a wind_n the_o green_a be_v half_a wind_n or_o half_o part_v wind_n and_o the_o red_a be_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o wind_n you_o may_v know_v in_o your_o chart_n whether_o these_o wind_n be_v well_o draw_v if_o you_o try_v with_o your_o compass_n that_o all_o point_n of_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o that_o all_o wind_n represent_v the_o same_o rumb_n be_v parallel_n as_o namely_o that_o one_o north-east_n and_o southwest_n rumb_n be_v parallel_n to_o another_o north-east_n and_o southwest_n rumb_n the_o four_o be_v the_o graduation_n in_o all_o part_n whereof_o it_o be_v meet_v that_o the_o degree_n south_n be_v equal_a one_o to_o another_o and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n do_v direct_o lie_v east_n
answer_v unto_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 45_o league_n and_o ¾_n and_o you_o be_v then_o part_v from_o your_o right_a line_n 42_o league_n and_o ¼_n upon_o the_o seven_o point_n do_v answer_v unto_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 89_o league_n and_o ¾_n and_o you_o be_v depart_v from_o your_o right_a line_n 88_o league_n as_o it_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o table_n follow_v the_o table_n of_o the_o author_n which_o be_v more_o precise_a league_n of_o the_o course_n or_o rumb_n distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n 1_o 17_o â—_o 6_o 3_o ½_o 2_o 19_o â…œ_n 7_o ¼_n 3_o 21_o 11_o â…”_n 4_o 24_o ¾_n 17_o ½_o 5_o 31_o ½_o 26_o â…•_n 6_o 45_o ¾_n 42_o ¼_n 7_o 89_o ¾_n 88_o the_o old_a table_n which_o be_v less_o certain_a leagus_n of_o the_o course_n or_o rumb_n distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n or_o meridian_n 18_o 3_o ½_o 18_o ½_o 7_o ½_o 21_o ½_o 11_o â…”_n 25_o 17_o ½_o 31_o ½_o 26_o ½_o 46_o ½_o 42_o ½_o 88_o 85_o chap._n xxviii_o how_o you_o may_v come_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o the_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o which_o the_o cosmographer_n call_v longitude_n be_v call_v by_o the_o mariner_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n and_o the_o course_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o height_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o east_n and_o west_n rumb_v contain_v between_o two_o meridian_n one_o of_o which_o run_v by_o the_o point_n or_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o depart_v and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v this_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mean_a of_o two_o thing_n namely_o of_o the_o course_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n or_o of_o the_o course_n and_o distance_n the_o course_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o height_n be_v give_v you_o may_v know_v the_o say_a distance_n by_o traverse_n or_o by_o number_n by_o geometry_n or_o traverse_v it_o be_v know_v in_o manner_n follow_v the_o height_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o your_o ship_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v know_v and_o the_o rumb_n also_o upon_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v you_o must_v cast_v upon_o your_o chart_n a_o point_n by_o traverse_n and_o place_v upon_o that_o point_n one_o of_o the_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o next_o rumb_n of_o east_n and_o west_n you_o must_v place_n one_o point_n of_o another_o pair_n of_o compass_n at_o the_o haven_n or_o point_n from_o whence_o the_o ship_n depart_v and_o the_o other_o point_n upon_o the_o north_n and_o south_n rumb_n which_o be_v next_o these_o two_o compass_n thus_o open_v run_v by_o their_o rumb_n one_o towards_o another_o you_o must_v mark_v where_o the_o two_o point_n meet_v namely_o that_o which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o part_n from_o whence_o you_o depart_v and_o that_o which_o you_o remove_v from_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n present_o be_v be_v find_v by_o traverse_n and_o where_o those_o two_o point_n do_v meet_v there_o make_v another_o point_n or_o prick_v then_o look_v how_o many_o league_n there_o be_v from_o the_o say_v three_o point_n to_o the_o point_n of_o traverse_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v both_o which_o do_v always_o bear_v east_n and_o west_n one_o from_o another_o so_o many_o league_n be_v your_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n and_o if_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o league_n set_v down_o in_o the_o scale_n we_o measure_v with_o degree_n take_v out_o of_o the_o graduation_n sea-chart_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n which_o be_v between_o the_o point_n of_o our_o departure_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o place_n where_o present_o we_o be_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o always_o when_o we_o sail_v we_o either_o alter_v our_o latitude_n only_o and_o that_o be_v when_o we_o sail_v north_n and_o south_n or_o we_o alter_v the_o longitude_n only_o that_o be_v when_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o selfsame_a latitude_n go_v always_o east_n and_o west_n by_o the_o same_o parallel_v or_o we_o alter_v both_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n when_o we_o sail_v by_o any_o of_o the_o other_o 28_o wind_n when_o we_o alter_v the_o latitude_n only_o we_o swerve_v not_o one_o jot_n from_o the_o right_a line_n or_o meridian_n when_o we_o alter_v both_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n then_o must_v we_o find_v the_o longitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a but_o when_o your_o longitude_n only_o be_v alter_v because_o than_o you_o must_v find_v out_o the_o point_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v by_o imagination_n only_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a manner_n to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n but_o only_o little_a more_o or_o less_o set_v down_o a_o point_n by_o imagination_n and_o measure_v by_o league_n or_o by_o degree_n what_o distance_n there_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o point_n from_o which_o the_o ship_n depart_v by_o number_n you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o longitude_n in_o manner_n follow_v the_o difference_n of_o your_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v know_v which_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o have_v increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n look_v in_o the_o table_n annex_v to_o the_o chapter_n next_o before_o this_o for_o the_o league_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o right_a line_n which_o answer_n unto_o one_o degree_n by_o the_o rumb_n or_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o multiply_v those_o league_n by_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o you_o have_v increase_v or_o diminish_v in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o your_o navigation_n you_o shall_v then_o see_v how_o many_o league_n you_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o right_a line_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o come_v which_o league_n if_o you_o divide_v by_o 17_o and_o a_o half_a then_o will_v appear_v unto_o you_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n between_o the_o place_n from_o 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the_o rock_n near_o lisbon_n 10_o 0_o n_o 38_o 55_o 24_o 30_o in_o the_o westermost_a part_n of_o ireland_n 11_o 0_o n_o 52_o 8_o 24_o 12_o in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n 12_o 40_o n_o 50_o 21_o 28_o 0_o decrease_a about_o one_o mile_n eastward_o from_o plymouth_n 13_o 24_o n_o â—0_n 18_o 30_o 0_o by_o tin_n mouth_n in_o the_o sea_n 12_o 40_o n_o 55_o 0_o 33_o 0_o at_o london_n in_o england_n 11_o 30_o n_o 51_o 24_o 34_o 6_o in_o the_o foreland_n of_o england_n 11_o 0_o n_o 51_o 8_o 35_o 40_o in_o amsterdam_n 9_o 30_o n_o 52_o 20_o 39_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr northwesting_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o northwesting_a or_o the_o west_n variation_n of_o the_o second_o part_n or_o space_n towards_o the_o north_n increase_v at_o helmshade_n to_o the_o westward_a from_o the_o north_n cape_n of_o finmarke_n 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 60_o 0_o at_o the_o north_n cape_n of_o finmarke_n 0_o 55_o n_o 71_o 25_o 61_o 30_o at_o norquinda_n 2_o 0_o n_o 71_o 10_o 63_o 30_o at_o 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