we_o can_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o false_a judgement_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o avoid_v they_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o we_o settle_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a one_o hence_o that_o which_o concern_v we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o true_a judgement_n or_o truth_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o those_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n which_o we_o call_v first_o principles_n again_o since_o alâ—_n proposition_n be_v either_o evident_a or_o inevident_a and_o inevident_a or_o obscure_a one_o can_v avail_v we_o in_o our_o quest_n of_o science_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o evident_a proposition_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o or_o make_v use_n of_o by_o those_o who_o aim_v at_o scientifical_a knowledge_n wherefore_o since_o all_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v evident_a must_v either_o be_v self-evident_a or_o make_v evident_a which_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o proof_n and_o these_o latter_a must_v depend_v on_o the_o former_a for_o their_o eviâ—dence_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o all_o first_o principle_n as_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n must_v be_v self-evident_a proposition_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a term_n for_o be_v the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o before_o they_o out_o of_o whicâ—_n they_o may_v be_v deduce_v or_o make_v evident_a or_o into_o which_o their_o evidence_n if_o lesser_a may_v be_v resolve_v wherefore_o they_o must_v either_o not_o be_v evident_a at_o all_o which_o will_v destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o any_o evidence_n or_o they_o must_v be_v self-evident_a 3._o our_o knowledge_n may_v either_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o order_n by_o which_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o we_o at_o first_o or_o according_a to_o the_o dependence_n of_o one_o truth_n on_o another_o and_o the_o resolve_v they_o final_o into_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v the_o way_n that_o nature_n take_v to_o instill_v useful_a knowledge_n into_o we_o when_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v nothing_o the_o late_a be_v the_o method_n which_o art_n make_v use_v of_o to_o polish_v and_o promote_v those_o rude_a and_o short_a knowledge_n have_v from_o nature_n then_o to_o link_v many_o of_o those_o knowledge_n together_o and_o last_o to_o render_v they_o exact_a and_o evident_a by_o resolve_v they_o into_o first_o or_o self-evident_a principle_n to_o do_v which_o we_o call_v to_o beget_v science_n or_o to_o frame_v a_o science_n of_o they_o the_o former_a come_v by_o experience_n unreflect_o the_o late_a be_v attain_v by_o study_n and_o reflection_n and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o late_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o its_o first_o principle_n we_o intend_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o and_o the_o next_o lesson_n reserve_v the_o former_a consideration_n of_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n knowledge_n be_v first_o generate_v till_o lesson_n iu._n 4._o the_o self-evidence_n belong_v to_o first_o principle_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o two_o term_n must_v be_v formal_o identical_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o the_o term_n in_o every_o ordinary_a and_o inferior_a proposition_n nay_o in_o every_o conclusion_n that_o be_v true_a must_v be_v material_o the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o proposition_n itself_o material_o identical_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o they_o as_o be_v self-evident_a must_v be_v formal_o identical_a 5._o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n must_v noâ—_n only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n or_o be_v the_o same_o formal_a notion_n but_o it_o be_v moreover_o most_o convenient_a that_o they_o be_v such_o in_o the_o expression_n also_o thâ—â—_n be_v it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o those_o proposition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o word_n take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o since_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o the_o most_o clear_o expressive_a oâ—_n truth_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o least_o mistake_n and_o word_n be_v subject_a to_o equivocation_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v mistake_n obscurity_n and_o error_n hence_o first_o principle_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n as_o when_o we_o say_v hoâ—â—_n est_fw-la animal_n rationale_n but_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o in_o expression_n too_o as_o homâ—_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la sibi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o then_o whatever_o distinction_n in_o case_n of_o ambiguity_n affect_v the_o predicate_v must_v also_o affect_v the_o subject_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v not_o only_o remain_v still_o most_o formal_o but_o also_o most_o evident_o iâ—_n every_o regard_n identical_a note_v that_o though_o this_o be_v most_o convenient_a yet_o it_o may_v suffice_v that_o the_o term_n when_o explicate_v be_v reducible_a to_o the_o same_o formal_a expression_n by_o the_o same_o word_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o whole_o be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n for_n a_o whole_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o part_n and_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v hence_o a_o whole_a be_v all_o its_o part_n that_o be_v be_v one_o part_n and_o more_o than_o one_o part_n whence_o the_o proportion_n be_v reducible_a to_o this_o what_o be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n which_o be_v not_o only_o most_o formal_o but_o beside_o most_o evident_o identical_a 6._o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o itself_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a â—or_a if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n self_n which_o be_v soyn_v with_o existence_n be_v but_o understand_v and_o that_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o word_n to_o existence_n be_v not_o mean_v â—o_o signify_v any_o the_o least_o composition_n in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o â—imple_a and_o most_o uncompounded_a actuality_n that_o can_v â—e_v imagine_v then_o the_o same_o formality_n in_o every_o respect_n be_v predicate_v entire_o of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o most_o perfect_o self-evident_a and_o it_o be_v most_o supreme_o such_o because_o it_o express_v the_o existence_n of_o â—he_n deity_n which_o be_v infinite_o more_o simple_a and_o more_o necessary_o itself_o then_o any_o create_a existence_n can_v be_v again_o since_o every_o thing_n the_o more_o potential_a it_o be_v be_v more_o confuse_a that_o be_v less_o distinct_a and_o less_o intelligible_a and_o the_o more_o actual_a it_o be_v the_o more_o intelligible_a and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o â—s_v mean_v by_o self-existence_n be_v a_o most_o infinite_o pure_a actuality_n it_o follow_v that_o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o its_o self_n the_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v 7._o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v the_o most_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v take_v from_o create_a thing_n for_o since_o existence_n be_v the_o most_o evident_a notion_n that_o can_v be_v find_v among_o all_o our_o notion_n that_o can_v be_v have_v from_o creature_n that_o proposition_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o consequent_o among_o self-evident_a one_o the_o most_o self-evident_a in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la but_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v too_o be_v existence_n again_o since_o the_o clearness_n of_o all_o truth_n whatever_o depend_v on_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o word_n be_v it_o follow_v that_o unless_o the_o nature_n or_o notion_n of_o existence_n be_v first_o immovable_o fix_v or_o establish_v to_o be_v coherent_a with_o its_o self_n that_o be_v unless_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v self-evident_a no_o proposition_n whatever_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a clear_a or_o coherent_a and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o possibility_n of_o any_o truth_n certainty_n or_o evidence_n in_o the_o world_n last_o since_o both_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o the_o essence_n which_o be_v only_a capacity_n of_o be_v belong_v to_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v limit_v or_o apt_a to_o be_v create_v that_o be_v belong_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v only_o potential_a as_o to_o be_v they_o can_v have_v no_o claim_n thence_o to_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o free_a gift_n of_o he_o who_o be_v essential_a be_v hence_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o creature_n and_o their_o be_v such_o be_v take_v pure_o from_o god_n side_n and_o hold_v entire_o of_o he_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o
we_o have_v neither_o truth_n nor_o falsehood_n in_o they_o formal_o since_o they_o do_v neither_o affirm_v or_o deny_v only_o with_o speech_n be_v capable_a of_o formal_a verity_n or_o falsity_n any_o more_o than_o do_v the_o thing_n itself_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o nature_n or_o out_o of_o the_o understanding_n 13._o all_o the_o verity_n they_o have_v be_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o their_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v and_o they_o partake_v this_o from_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n from_o which_o they_o uner_o flow_v and_o which_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a by_o which_o we_o see_v how_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n be_v the_o sole_a author_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n that_o be_v in_o we_o and_o how_o he_o do_v ordinary_o communicate_v it_o to_o we_o viz._n by_o fix_v unalterable_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o thing_n from_o which_o be_v thus_o establish_v and_o imprint_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n all_o science_n and_o truth_n in_o we_o have_v their_o certainty_n original_o 14._o all_o true_a science_n be_v thus_o build_v on_o the_o immovable_a stability_n of_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o create_a being_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o all_o discourse_n that_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o ground_v on_o they_o be_v frothy_a incoherent_a and_o false_a and_o if_o pursue_v home_o must_v be_v find_v to_o have_v a_o contradiction_n for_o their_o first_o principle_n in_o regard_n they_o make_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v what_o they_o be_v not_o 15._o wherefore_o notion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n the_o method_n to_o pursue_v true_a science_n be_v to_o attend_v and_o hold_v heedful_o and_o steady_o to_o those_o notion_n which_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v imprint_v or_o stamp_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o to_o be_v very_o careful_a lest_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o fancy_n and_o do_v oft_o misrepresent_v the_o thing_n do_v delude_v we_o or_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n draw_v we_o aside_o and_o make_v we_o deviate_v from_o those_o genuine_a and_o nature_n instill_a notion_n corolary_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v how_o unreasonable_a the_o sceptic_n be_v who_o endeavour_n to_o undermine_v all_o science_n by_o pretend_v that_o all_o our_o notion_n be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o be_v cause_v by_o natural_a impression_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o man_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o water_n do_v not_o wet_a or_o fire_n burn_v as_o that_o the_o object_n work_v not_o their_o several_a effect_n upon_o our_o sense_n if_o they_o contend_v that_o every_o man_n be_v individual_a temper_n be_v different_a our_o notion_n must_v therefore_o differ_v to_o some_o degree_n in_o every_o man_n they_o oppose_v not_o we_o who_o say_v the_o same_o nor_o will_v this_o break_v any_o square_n in_o our_o discourse_v and_o our_o understanding_n one_o another_o for_o few_o man_n perhaps_o none_o can_v reach_v these_o individual_a difference_n nor_o consequent_o mean_v they_o or_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o when_o they_o discourse_n but_o if_o they_o say_v they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o all_o man_n who_o sense_n oâ—_n imagination_n be_v not_o disorder_v by_o some_o accidental_a disease_n substantial_o and_o in_o the_o main_a then_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v now_o allege_v they_o be_v confute_v by_o this_o that_o mankind_n have_v now_o for_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n hold_v conversation_n with_o one_o another_o yet_o it_o be_v never_o observe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v one_o another_o mean_v in_o discourse_n about_o natural_a object_n or_o if_o any_o hap_v to_o occur_v which_o be_v ambiguous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o notion_n know_v by_o explication_n or_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o notable_a variation_n in_o their_o notion_n as_o when_o to_o icterical_a person_n all_o thing_n seem_v yellow_a or_o sweet_a thing_n bitter_a to_o deprave_a taste_n the_o mistake_n can_v easy_o be_v make_v manifest_a and_o correct_v by_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n who_o assure_v they_o of_o their_o misapprehension_n and_o of_o learned_a man_n particular_o who_o find_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mistake_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o disease_n pervert_v nature_n or_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o unduly-proposed_n object_n or_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o from_o our_o inability_n to_o reach_v to_o some_o minute_n consideration_n belong_v to_o its_o composition_n figure_n etc._n etc._n which_o hinder_v not_o our_o have_a science_n of_o it_o in_o other_o case_n corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o be_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o that_o tenet_n that_o maintain_v the_o pre-existence_n of_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o ground_n that_o knowledge_n be_v only_o excite_v or_o awaken_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o object_n work_v on_o the_o sense_n and_o not_o imprint_v there_o by_o they_o for_o this_o ground_n shake_v by_o manifest_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n lay_v by_o nature_n to_o beget_v those_o knowledge_n in_o the_o soul_n and_o convey_v they_o thither_o from_o the_o object_n beside_o which_o overthrow_v all_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o knowledge_n that_o i_o be_o hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la thus_o affect_v can_v with_o any_o sense_n be_v pretend_v to_o have_v be_v pre-existent_a to_o the_o time_n and_o place_n in_o which_o that_o particular_a knowledge_n be_v make_v since_o neither_o ehat_fw-la time_n nor_o perhaps_o place_n be_v then_o in_o be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o soul_n can_v gain_v some_o new_a knowledge_n and_o this_o by_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o or_o some_o why_o not_o with_o equal_a reason_n all_o that_o the_o same_o sense_n can_v receive_v from_o object_n imprint_v in_o she_o which_o as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o way_n of_o instil_a knowledge_n may_v reach_v in_o a_o manner_n ad_fw-la nature_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o reflection_n discourse_n and_o art_n improve_n it_o may_v stretch_v itself_o much_o far_o corol._n iii_o from_o this_o whole_a discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o whatever_o other_o method_n of_o attain_v science_n some_o may_v propose_v however_o it_o may_v seem_v witty_a and_o one_o piece_n of_o their_o doctrine_n be_v consonant_n to_o the_o other_o and_o all_o of_o they_o consequent_a to_o the_o principle_n they_o lay_v yet_o it_o will_v i_o say_v evident_o appear_v that_o the_o way_n they_o take_v can_v never_o be_v that_o which_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v lay_v to_o engraft_v knowledge_n in_o we_o whence_o though_o such_o discourser_n may_v show_v much_o art_n yet_o in_o reality_n and_o if_o it_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n all_o their_o plausible_a contexture_n and_o explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n will_v be_v find_v no_o better_a than_o the_o run_a pretty_a strain_n of_o division_n upon_o no_o ground_n since_o their_o pretend_a knowledge_n do_v not_o begin_v with_o nor_o grow_v up_o orderly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o our_o natural_a notion_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o science_n corol._n iu._n our_o discourse_n here_o abstract_n from_o that_o question_n whether_o sensible_a quality_n be_v inherent_a in_o the_o object_n or_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v enough_o for_o my_o purpose_n that_o the_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o sense_n so_o as_o to_o imprint_v by_o their_o mean_n several_a notion_n in_o the_o mind_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o mr._n hobbs_n prove_v for_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v it_o that_o light_a come_n from_o the_o object_n do_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o some_o particle_n of_o it_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n beam_n dry_v up_o great_a pond_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o they_o do_v when_o reflect_v dip_v their_o dry_a wing_n in_o that_o moist_a element_n and_o return_v with_o some_o particle_n of_o water_n into_o the_o air_n which_o when_o multiply_v be_v condense_v afterward_o into_o cloud_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o sunbeam_n reflect_v from_o the_o moon_n bring_v along_o with_o they_o moist_a vapour_n much_o less_o be_v it_o conceivable_a that_o in_o smell_v and_o taste_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o object_n shall_v be_v convey_v by_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o brain_n but_o only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o motion_n it_o be_v not_o my_o task_n to_o defend_v the_o opinion_n of_o schoolman_n nor_o those_o of_o vulgar_a philosopher_n which_o he_o impugn_v but_o to_o mind_v my_o own_o business_n though_o have_v i_o a_o mind_n to_o lose_v a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v that_o he_o seem_v to_o mistake_v all-along_a our_o pâ—â—â—eptions_n for_o what_o be_v perceive_v of_o the_o object_n and_o i_o may_v as_o easy_o deny_v that_o colour_n for_o
example_n be_v nâ—thing_v but_o light_n and_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v such_o a_o disposition_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n figure_v thus_o or_o thus_o with_o part_n and_o pore_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o reflect_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o light_n and_o then_o to_o assert_v that_o that_o disposition_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v true_o and_o real_o inherent_a in_o the_o object_n or_o body_n itself_o sed_fw-la haec_fw-la obiter_fw-la lesson_n ii_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o natural_a notion_n and_o of_o the_o reduce_v they_o under_o ten_o common_a head_n 1._o every_o individual_a thing_n not_o only_o as_o be_v say_v 1.2_o imprint_n a_o notion_n of_o itself_o in_o our_o mind_n but_o many_o diverse_a notion_n according_a to_o the_o various_a impression_n it_o make_v upon_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a sense_n this_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o a_o orange_n for_o example_n cause_v in_o we_o the_o several_a notion_n of_o yellow_a heavy_a round_a juicy_a hard_a etc._n etc._n 2._o we_o can_v consider_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n without_o consider_v the_o other_o for_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o can_v abstract_n the_o notion_n of_o round_a from_o the_o notion_n of_o heavy_a or_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o consider_v it_o apart_o and_o discourse_n of_o it_o according_o 3._o note_v that_o since_o the_o object_n or_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v consider_v diverse_o hence_o notion_n get_v the_o name_n of_o considerability_n and_o diverse_a notion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v diverse_a considerability_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o diverse_o consider_v 3._o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v any_o knower_n of_o a_o superior_a order_n that_o can_v at_o one_o intuitive_a view_n comprehend_v the_o whole_a thing_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o soul_n in_o this_o state_n can_v have_v no_o science_n of_o any_o thing_n otherwise_o than_o by_o these_o abstract_a notion_n for_o since_o 15._o our_o notion_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n or_o science_n and_o as_o will_v be_v see_v short_o we_o have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o object_n but_o by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n and_o those_o impression_n do_v different_o affect_v we_o and_o so_o breed_v different_a or_o abstract_a notion_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o can_v no_o otherwise_o know_v any_o thing_n here_o but_o by_o different_n that_o be_v abstract_v partial_a or_o inadequate_a notion_n 4._o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o science_n that_o it_o be_v distinct_a and_o clear_a and_o not_o gross_a and_o confused_a this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n for_o science_n signify_v a_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n 5._o our_o soul_n can_v in_o this_o state_n wield_v more_o notion_n at_o once_o nor_o consider_v they_o or_o discourse_v clear_o of_o they_o together_o or_o rather_o indeed_o not_o at_o all_o this_o will_v appear_v evident_o by_o a_o easy_a reflection_n on_o our_o interior_a for_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o we_o can_v discourse_n of_o each_o single_a abstract_a notion_n in_o a_o orange_n viz._n on_o its_o bigness_n roundness_n colour_n taste_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o we_o will_v go_v about_o to_o consider_v or_o discourse_n of_o we_o roundness_n and_o taste_n both_o together_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o two_o that_o be_v disparate_a or_o not_o include_v one_o in_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v find_v ourselves_o at_o a_o loss_n and_o in_o confusion_n not_o know_v how_o to_o begin_v nor_o how_o to_o proceed_v 6._o we_o can_v in_o this_o state_n know_v even_o single_o every_o particular_a considerability_n find_v in_o the_o thing_n for_o though_o for_o example_n we_o can_v by_o our_o common_a sight_n discern_v the_o colour_n or_o figure_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o of_o its_o grosser_n part_n yet_o a_o microscope_n will_v discover_v to_o we_o innumerable_a particularity_n which_o escape_v our_o common_a view_n and_o have_v we_o a_o glass_n that_o magnify_v more_o there_o will_v be_v find_v still_o more_o and_o more_o particularity_n than_o do_v appear_v when_o we_o observe_v it_o former_o wherefore_o since_o every_o new_a observation_n we_o can_v possible_o make_v beget_v a_o new_a notion_n in_o we_o 15._o and_o all_o our_o knowledge_n be_v ground_v on_o our_o notion_n we_o can_v no_o more_o know_v the_o last_o considerability_n which_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n than_o we_o can_v know_v the_o least_o part_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o quantity_n or_o in_o the_o difference_n of_o figure_n colour_n and_o other_o respect_n which_o each_o of_o those_o very_a least_o part_n may_v have_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o all_o knowable_a by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n 7._o much_o less_o can_v we_o in_o this_o state_n know_v perfect_o or_o discourse_v scientifical_o of_o any_o whole_a individual_a thing_n or_o as_o the_o school_n call_v it_o the_o suppositum_fw-la take_v in_o bulk_n for_o *_o since_o all_o the_o considerability_n that_o integrate_a it_o and_o consequent_o the_o notion_n it_o beget_v in_o we_o be_v blend_v confuse_o in_o the_o entire_a notion_n of_o the_o suppositum_fw-la or_o thing_n again_o since_o these_o be_v 6._o innumerable_a and_o many_o of_o they_o unknowable_a by_o we_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v nothing_o in_o that_o whole_a suppositum_fw-la can_v be_v distinct_o or_o clear_o know_v while_o we_o discourse_v of_o that_o which_o have_v they_o all_o in_o bulk_n that_o be_v while_o we_o discourse_v of_o they_o all_o at_o once_o and_o consequent_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o suppositum_fw-la which_o contain_v they_o all_o can_v be_v clear_o or_o perfect_o know_v by_o we_o nor_o discourse_v of_o scientifical_o 8._o wherefore_o we_o can_v know_v in_o this_o state_n any_o one_o entire_a thing_n perfect_o since_o we_o can_v never_o have_v any_o perfect_a science_n of_o it_o 7._o either_o take_v it_o in_o bulk_n 6._o or_o by_o detail_n 9_o wherefore_o all_o we_o can_v do_v in_o this_o state_n be_v to_o glean_v from_o the_o object_n by_o our_o sense_n so_o many_o notion_n of_o they_o as_o may_v suffice_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o one_o another_o and_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o common_a use_n needful_a speculation_n or_o last_o for_o our_o contemplation_n 10._o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o science_n attainable_a in_o this_o state_n may_v arrive_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a for_o since_o our_o notion_n 8._o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o 14._o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v the_o seed_n of_o all_o science_n and_o diverse_a truth_n spring_n from_o they_o and_o other_o truth_n do_v still_o follow_v by_o connexion_n with_o the_o former_a and_o 14._o since_o no_o stint_n be_v assignable_a of_o the_o connexion_n of_o truth_n or_o of_o our_o deduction_n of_o one_o truth_n from_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o bind_v or_o limit_v of_o our_o science_n attainable_a here_o but_o that_o if_o art_n and_o industry_n be_v use_v it_o may_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a 11._o it_o be_v a_o most_o fundamental_a error_n to_o fancy_v that_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o little_a thing_n in_o the_o object_n correspond_v to_o all_o the_o different_a notion_n or_o consideration_n which_o we_o make_v of_o it_o for_o since_o the_o least_o particle_n that_o be_v in_o it_o do_v ground_n diverse_a notion_n of_o it_o and_o every_o various_a consideration_n of_o each_o particle_n either_o according_a to_o what_o be_v intrinsecal_n or_o extrinsical_a to_o it_o do_v still_o beget_v more_o again_o since_o no_o particle_n can_v be_v so_o small_a but_o we_o can_v conceive_v or_o have_v distinct_a notion_n of_o two_o half_n and_o many_o other_o proportionate_a part_n in_o it_o and_o the_o particle_n that_o be_v or_o may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v in_o quantitative_a thing_n be_v numberless_a it_o follow_v that_o be_v all_o the_o distinct_a considerability_n in_o the_o object_n distinct_a thing_n we_o can_v never_o pitch_v upon_o any_o of_o those_o thing_n they_o still_o include_v other_o in_o they_o which_o we_o can_v say_v be_v one_o or_o vndivided_a in_o its_o self_n nor_o consequent_o can_v we_o know_v what_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n mean_v in_o corporeal_a or_o quantitative_a thing_n with_o which_o we_o converse_v which_o will_v fundamental_o destroy_v and_o pervert_v all_o human_a speech_n and_o discourse_n about_o any_o thing_n and_o make_v all_o science_n impossible_a 12._o from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o be_v deduce_v that_o it_o be_v one_o necessary_a and_o main_a part_n of_o the_o method_n to_o science_n to_o distinguish_v our_o notion_n clear_o and_o to_o keep_v they_o distinct_a careful_o for_o 14._o since_o all_o science_n be_v ground_v on_o our_o notion_n and_o science_n must_v be_v clear_a and_o this_o
or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n into_o we_o by_o impression_n from_o object_n and_o by_o such_o impression_n or_o by_o their_o affect_v we_o thus_o or_o thus_o their_o different_a nature_n that_o be_v knowledge_n how_o those_o thing_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o and_o difference_n do_v constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o from_o the_o judgement_n or_o knowledge_n that_o we_o be_v strike_v thus_o and_o thus_o by_o these_o and_o these_o object_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o and_o of_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o our_o soul_n have_v the_o power_n of_o compare_v they_o to_o themselves_o and_o to_o other_o nature_n that_o be_v also_o in_o she_o we_o hence_o become_v capable_a of_o frame_v innumerable_a judgement_n concern_v they_o or_o knowledge_n of_o they_o 6._o these_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v gain_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n by_o the_o different_a impression_n of_o object_n be_v make_v more_o express_a and_o improve_v very_o much_o by_o study_n and_o reflection_n for_o since_o study_v and_o reflection_n be_v not_o the_o invent_v new_a or_o counterfeit_n notion_n or_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o coin_v but_o the_o receive_v frequent_o and_o mind_v heedful_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o nature_n have_v imprint_v there_o before_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o corporeal_a sight_n by_o our_o regard_v the_o object_n frequent_o wist_o and_o attentive_o we_o come_v to_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o in_o it_o so_o by_o often_o reflect_v on_o and_o revolve_v intellectual_a object_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o we_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n must_v needs_o look_v deep_o into_o they_o make_v new_a discovery_n of_o diverse_a consideration_n in_o they_o which_o escape_v a_o single_a cursory_a view_n and_o gain_v more_o exact_a and_o more_o penetrative_a knowledge_n of_o they_o 7._o by_o method_n of_o discourse_v or_o ratiocination_n make_v evident_a by_o maxim_n of_o art_n this_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v not_o vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la may_v come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a for_o all_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o evident_a connexion_n of_o term_n both_o in_o some_o proposition_n which_o be_v truth_n and_o the_o deduce_v other_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o they_o and_o so_o forward_o since_o than_o there_o be_v no_o stint_n assignable_a of_o the_o connexion_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o there_o be_v rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o art_n to_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o connect_v term_n apt_o and_o evident_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o bound_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n 8._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a truth_n whence_o all_o our_o science_n be_v generate_v for_o since_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la if_o put_v entire_o or_o explicit_o as_o it_o ought_v be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v antecedent_n to_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o more_o simple_a than_o it_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v know_v the_o other_o can_v possible_o be_v know_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o cogito_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a proposition_n or_o first_o truth_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v in_o the_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n 9_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o many_o other_o proposition_n that_o have_v for_o their_o predicate_a notion_n direct_o imprint_v on_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v i_o be_o heat_v hurt_v extend_v move_a etc._n etc._n for_o since_o all_o our_o first-known_a notion_n the_o soul_n be_v rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la come_v by_o impression_n of_o object_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o proposition_n be_v most_o clear_a who_o predicate_v be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o those_o impression_n and_o join_v with_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n do_v compound_v those_o proposition_n but_o such_o be_v the_o predicate_v abovesaid_a and_o not_o the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la therefore_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o be_v the_o proposition_n which_o have_v those_o direct_o imprint_v notion_n for_o their_o predicate_v that_o the_o other_o predicate_v be_v notion_n more_o know_v than_o be_v cogitans_fw-la i_o prove_v thus_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v spiritual_a and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v imprint_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o a_o direct_a stroke_n of_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v the_o other_o but_o must_v be_v know_v by_o reflection_n but_o what_o be_v know_v by_o reflection_n be_v less_o easy_o and_o less_o early_o know_v that_o be_v less_o evident_a to_o we_o take_v we_o as_o not_o yet_o imbue_v with_o other_o knowledge_n than_o that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n or_o direct_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o know_v than_o be_v those_o other_o predicate_v and_o consequent_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la extensus_fw-la vulneratus_fw-la movens_fw-la etc._n etc._n again_o be_v the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la know_v experimental_o or_o by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o imagination_n the_o most_o fallacious_a faculty_n we_o have_v cooperate_a with_o the_o understanding_n nay_o be_v it_o a_o affection_n of_o the_o man_n and_o its_o notion_n direct_o imprint_v in_o he_o and_o so_o as_o easy_o and_o early_o know_v as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v not_o be_v the_o first_o or_o second_o in_o the_o order_n of_o knowable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v i_o be_o strike_v or_o affect_a antecede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o have_v such_o a_o affection_n in_o i_o and_o cogitans_fw-la be_v not_o bare_o to_o be_v affect_v by_o object_n but_o to_o have_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o affection_n hence_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o affect_v by_o object_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n precede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o i_o be_o think_v and_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o it_o 11._o hence_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v also_o less_o certain_a than_o multitude_n of_o other_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v experimental_o know_v by_o direct_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n for_o certainty_n follow_v evidence_n as_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o judge_v do_v know_v wherefore_o if_o that_o proposition_n be_v less_o evident_a it_o be_v also_o less_o certain_a 12._o if_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o way_n of_o evident_a proof_n that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v the_o most_o absolute_o firm_a ground_n we_o can_v rely_v on_o to_o generate_v and_o principiate_v all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n because_o though_o we_o will_v voluntary_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n and_o call_v they_o into_o doubt_n that_o be_v be_v all_o the_o rest_n uncertain_a and_o myself_o insecure_a whether_o i_o think_v true_a or_o false_a in_o hold_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v unquestionable_o certain_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o but_o that_o whether_o i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n still_o i_o think_v whence_o follow_v that_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v a_o firm_a basis_n to_o ground_n all_o the_o rest_n upon_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o whole_a discourse_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o paralogism_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v than_o that_o i_o think_v wrong_a or_o right_n for_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o antecede_v and_o be_v presuppose_v to_o the_o proposition_n i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n or_o thus_o and_o thus_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a and_o more_o certain_a than_o these_o be_v but_o the_o true_a point_n be_v whether_o i_o be_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v at_o all_o than_o that_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o i_o be_o since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o presuppose_v that_o i_o be_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v certain_a that_o i_o be_o think_v or_o any_o thing_n like_o
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and_o then_o fit_v their_o logic_n to_o it_o which_o be_v preposterous_a and_o preternatural_a for_o the_o certain_a way_n to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o journey_n shall_v be_v foreknow_v ere_o we_o set_v the_o first_o step_n towards_o it_o mr._n lushington_n have_v with_o much_o pain_n go_v about_o to_o demonstrate_v some_o particular_n of_o the_o summulist_n part_n of_o logic_n and_o chief_o that_o about_o predication_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o nature_n in_o his_o ground_n he_o regard_v not_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o mankind_n nor_o in_o what_o they_o consist_v and_o therefore_o his_o discourse_n be_v so_o perfect_o artificial_a that_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v to_o nature_n nor_o nature_n to_o they_o he_o impose_v imprudent_o new_a language_n and_o new_a term_n upon_o his_o reader_n which_o he_o may_v have_v assure_v himself_o they_o will_v never_o take_v pain_n to_o learn_v he_o affect_v the_o way_n of_o a_o b_o c_o which_o make_v a_o show_n of_o 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for_o which_o he_o seldom_o or_o never_o give_v any_o reason_n but_o put_v they_o to_o be_v believe_v by_o his_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v and_o so_o leave_v he_o still_o in_o the_o dark_a yet_o he_o may_v be_v make_v useful_a to_o new_a beginner_n be_v something_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o purpose_n pick_v out_o unnecessary_a thing_n in_o which_o he_o superabounds_a cut_v off_o his_o error_n which_o be_v not_o a_o few_o correct_v by_o some_o learned_a hand_n and_o his_o shatter_v thrums-end_n weave_v into_o some_o kind_n of_o connexion_n and_o dependence_n on_o one_o another_o to_o do_v which_o little_a transition_n from_o one_o passage_n to_o another_o be_v insufficient_a but_o as_o he_o be_v he_o inform_v not_o the_o understanding_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n ground_o or_o solid_o he_o fall_v exceed_o short_a of_o ars_fw-la cogitandi_fw-la in_o many_o regard_v how_o he_o may_v please_v climate_n of_o a_o dull_a genius_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v much_o wonder_n if_o any_o learned_a englishman_n shall_v consider_v or_o esteem_v he_o mr._n clark_n far_o exceed_v he_o in_o good_a sense_n and_o in_o give_v some_o reason_n for_o what_o he_o say_v in_o many_o particular_a passage_n but_o by_o his_o frame_v the_o contexture_n of_o his_o book_n out_o of_o author_n of_o different_a principle_n his_o discourse_n do_v sometime_o appear_v desultory_n and_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o elaborate_v rhapsody_n lay_v well_o together_o by_o his_o own_o good_a wit._n he_o mistake_v aristotle_n now_o and_o then_o by_o take_v his_o sentiment_n as_o represent_v by_o his_o adversary_n who_o interest_n and_o principles_n conspire_v to_o make_v they_o misconceive_v he_o he_o abound_v with_o many_o reflection_n not_o all_o conduce_v to_o science_n a_o fault_n from_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o be_v not_o altogether_o free_a which_o make_v it_o more_o pardonable_a for_o instance_n to_o what_o
exact_a distinction_n and_o remain_v unconfound_v and_o that_o whoever_o hold_v otherwise_o and_o make_v they_o two_o suppositum_n do_v in_o the_o christian_a phrase_n solvere_fw-la christum_fw-la 1_o io._n 4.3_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o reckon_v up_o even_o hint_o the_o many_o absurdity_n that_o spring_v from_o this_o ill-coherent_a position_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v keep_v to_o this_o very_a maxim_n of_o he_o and_o demonstrate_v that_o even_o according_a to_o that_o man_n which_o must_v be_v mean_v by_o the_o pronoun_n ego_fw-la be_v true_o one_o thing_n consist_v of_o soul_n and_o body_n and_o not_o a_o mere_a mens_fw-la to_o show_v this_o i_o deny_v that_o he_o have_v a_o câ—â—ar_n and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o himself_o unless_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o rational_a thing_n or_o as_o he_o call_v himself_o ratio_fw-la nor_o can_v he_o clear_o conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o rational_a thing_n but_o he_o must_v conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o infer_v new_a knowledge_n out_o of_o forego_v one_o leisurely_o or_o with_o succession_n of_o time_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o body_n and_o bodily_a motion_n wherefore_o something_o of_o corporeal_a extend_v or_o divisible_a be_v find_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o ego_fw-la or_o himself_o if_o he_o be_v a_o ratio_fw-la or_o rational_a thing_n for_o be_v he_o mere_o a_o man_n or_o spirit_n his_o operation_n will_v be_v indivisible_a simultaneous_a and_o unsuccessive_a as_o be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o follow_a treatise_n particular_o in_o my_o seven_o demonstration_n book_n 3_o lesson_n 7._o among_o the_o other_o point_n he_o bring_v as_o possible_a to_o be_v yet_o doubt_v of_o he_o put_v this_o for_o one_o that_o a_o foursquared_a thing_n have_v in_o it_o four_o side_n and_o no_o more_o of_o which_o he_o pretend_v he_o may_v yet_o doubt_v because_o some_o most_o powerful_a agent_n may_v possible_o make_v that_o appear_v to_o he_o to_o be_v so_o though_o it_o be_v not_o true_a in_o reality_n now_o it_o be_v the_o very_a notion_n or_o essence_n of_o a_o quadratum_fw-la to_o have_v but_o four_o side_n and_o therefore_o the_o proposition_n affirm_v that_o it_o have_v just_a four_o side_n be_v perfect_o identical_a and_o the_o same_o as_o to_o say_v what_o have_v but_o four_o side_n have_v but_o four_o side_n it_o be_v then_o impossible_a any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o certain_a or_o more_o evident_a than_o a_o identical_a proposition_n i_o will_v ask_v why_o he_o may_v not_o as_o well_o be_v deceivable_a in_o his_o first_o principle_n cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la as_o in_o that_o self-evident_a proposition_n or_o if_o he_o pretend_v that_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v more_o evident_a than_o the_o other_o then_o since_o all_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n consist_v in_o the_o close_a and_o clear_a connexion_n of_o its_o term_n i_o will_v demand_v of_o he_o or_o his_o scholar_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o connexion_n of_o term_n more_o close_a and_o more_o clear_a than_o there_o be_v of_o those_o find_v in_o a_o identical_a proposition_n which_o affirm_v the_o same_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o or_o if_o they_o say_v there_o be_v then_o to_o know_v of_o they_o in_o what_o that_o evidence_n consist_v or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o make_v way_n towards_o the_o settle_v his_o belove_a and_o self-pleasing_a idea_n he_o fall_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o certainty_n of_o all_o our_o sense_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o a_o supposition_n for_o discourse_n sake_n as_o he_o pretend_v to_o doubt_v of_o other_o thing_n but_o real_o and_o serious_o and_o his_o scholar_n malbranche_n 6._o assure_v we_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o same_o he_o say_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v not_o give_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n but_o only_o to_o discern_v those_o thing_n which_o may_v either_o profit_n or_o injure_v we_o and_o all_o over_o he_o make_v they_o improper_a mean_n to_o attain_v knowledge_n by_o which_o tenet_n of_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o many_o exception_n for_o first_o the_o reason_n cartesius_n assign_v viz._n prudentiae_fw-la est_fw-la nunquam_fw-la illis_fw-la planè_fw-la confidere_fw-la qui_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la semel_fw-la deceperunt_fw-la it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o prudence_n not_o to_o trust_v they_o at_o all_o who_o have_v so_o much_o as_o once_o deceive_v we_o be_v utter_o unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o man_n for_o it_o discredit_v all_o nature_n for_o some_o few_o man_n morality_n which_o be_v a_o strange_a argument_n for_o a_o philosopher_n he_o that_o have_v but_o once_o deceive_v we_o design_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v do_v it_o out_o of_o knavery_n and_o consequent_o may_v not_o deserve_v to_o be_v trust_v the_o second_o time_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v he_o be_v still_o dispose_v to_o do_v the_o same_o again_o 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firmat_n regulam_fw-la to_o say_v their_o information_n be_v to_o be_v except_v against_o in_o such_o circumstance_n be_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o in_o all_o other_o they_o be_v to_o be_v trust_v three_o as_o art_n do_v preserve_v the_o learned_a from_o be_v deceive_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o some_o case_n so_o as_o be_v say_v late_o the_o sense_n themselves_o do_v general_o correct_v the_o false_a judgement_n they_o may_v have_v occasion_v in_o weak_a people_n for_o example_n to_o use_v some_o of_o the_o instance_n they_o object_n a_o brand_n whirl_v round_o represent_v a_o circle_n of_o fire_n a_o stick_n in_o the_o water_n look_v crooked_a a_o square_a tower_n see_v a_o far_o off_o appear_v round_a and_o great_a body_n little_a but_o when_o the_o seer_n come_v near_o the_o brand_n the_o tower_n and_o those_o great_a body_n or_o behold_v the_o stick_n out_o of_o the_o water_n he_o have_v now_o a_o more_o exact_a view_n of_o they_o in_o better_a circumstance_n 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the_o mind_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o its_o return_n and_o conversion_n towards_o god_n who_o only_o can_v teach_v we_o truth_n by_o the_o manifestation_n of_o his_o substance_n i_o be_o hearty_o glad_a to_o know_v that_o euclid_n and_o archimedes_n be_v convert_v to_o god_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o infinite_o happy_a as_o to_o see_v god_n substance_n which_o be_v his_o essence_n so_o manifest_o he_o proceed_v man_n must_v look_v within_o themselves_o and_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o light_n that_o shine_v there_o continual_o that_o their_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o more_o illuminate_v the_o mind_n ought_v to_o examine_v all_o human_a science_n by_o the_o pure_a light_n of_o truth_n which_o guide_v it_o without_o harken_v to_o the_o false_a and_o confuse_a testimony_n of_o the_o sense_n those_o that_o hear_v we_o do_v not_o learn_v the_o truth_n we_o speak_v to_o their_o ear_n unless_o he_o that_o discover_v they_o to_o we_o he_o mean_v god_n the_o giver_n of_o idea_n do_v 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who_o do_v but_o reflect_v upon_o what_o pass_v within_o his_o understanding_n that_o the_o proper_a and_o effectual_a way_n to_o gain_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o our_o simple_a notion_n be_v to_o make_v definition_n of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v most_o certain_a rule_n of_o art_n how_o those_o definition_n may_v be_v frame_v but_o this_o be_v too_o ordinary_a a_o way_n to_o please_v mind_n so_o extraordinary_o elevate_v as_o these_o gentleman_n pretend_v to_o be_v bless_v with_o the_o high_a flight_n of_o nature_n do_v flag_n it_o seem_v too_o low_a for_o their_o supernatural_a pitch_n nor_o can_v reach_v the_o degree_n of_o their_o elevation_n above_o our_o dull_a horizon_n they_o be_v inspire_a with_o heaven_n implant_v idea_n and_o so_o they_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o retire_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o inward_a recess_n of_o their_o mind_n embellish_v and_o guild_v with_o these_o shine_v innate_a idea_n and_o their_o work_n be_v do_v without_o 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than_o this_o which_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o physics_n i_o shall_v dare_v to_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n most_o ridiculous_a and_o most_o unintelligible_a foppery_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o appendix_n and_o indeed_o how_o shall_v we_o make_v any_o clear_a idea_n of_o their_o matter_n when_o themselves_o speak_v contradiction_n concern_v it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v hereafter_o p._n 417._o where_o i_o shall_v hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o force_a silence_n open_v prevarication_n and_o perfect_a inconsistency_n in_o tell_v we_o the_o intrinsical_v nature_n of_o that_o first_o matter_n of_o they_o have_v render_v they_o utter_o incapable_a of_o explicate_v any_o body_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v we_o need_v any_o great_a confirmation_n that_o their_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v utter_o unprincipled_a and_o unaccountable_a in_o the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o than_o to_o observe_v that_o 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demonstrate_v by_o experiment_n since_o the_o the_o time_n that_o great_a man_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n write_v his_o natural_a history_n the_o very_a title_n of_o which_o laborious_a work_n show_v that_o himself_o do_v not_o think_v science_n be_v attainable_a by_o that_o method_n for_o if_o we_o reflect_v well_o on_o what_o manner_n such_o piece_n be_v write_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o he_o call_v it_o mere_o historical_a and_o narrative_a of_o particular_a observation_n from_o which_o to_o deduce_v universal_a conclusion_n be_v against_o plain_a logic_n and_o common_a sense_n to_o aim_v at_o science_n by_o such_o a_o method_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o study_n of_o find_v out_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o chemist_n light_v on_o many_o useful_a and_o promise_a thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o feed_v he_o with_o false_a hope_n and_o decoy_n he_o far_o but_o he_o still_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o end_n what_o man_n of_o any_o past_a or_o of_o our_o present_a curious_a age_n do_v ever_o so_o excel_v in_o those_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a researche_n as_o that_o honour_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o incomparable_a mr._n boyle_n yet_o after_o he_o have_v ransack_v all_o the_o hide_a recess_n of_o nature_n as_o far_o as_o that_o way_n can_v carry_v he_o he_o be_v still_o a_o sceptic_a in_o his_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n nor_o can_v with_o the_o utmost_a inquisitiveness_n practise_v by_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n arrive_v at_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o no_o and_o certain_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o science_n from_o such_o a_o method_n that_o can_v give_v we_o no_o certain_a knowledge_n whether_o in_o such_o a_o space_n there_o be_v something_o or_o nothing_o which_o of_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v the_o most_o easy_o distinguishable_a and_o knowable_a last_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o experiment_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o nature_n be_v discover_v we_o be_v never_o the_o near_o know_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n into_o which_o we_o may_v certain_o refund_v it_o which_o and_o only_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o science_n for_o gassendus_fw-la will_v explicate_v it_o according_a to_o his_o principle_n cartesius_n according_a to_o he_o the_o noble_a sir_n kenelin_n digby_n and_o his_o most_o learned_a master_n albius_n who_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v follow_v the_o true_a aristotelian_a principle_n according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o assign_v the_o true_a natural_a cause_n for_o that_o effect_n and_o explicate_v it_o right_o must_v be_v decide_v by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v by_o demonstrate_v first_o who_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v true_a and_o solid_a and_o only_o he_o or_o they_o who_o can_v approve_v their_o principle_n to_o be_v such_o can_v pretend_v to_o explicate_v that_o natural_a production_n right_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o its_o proper_a cause_n or_o to_o have_v science_n how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o however_o the_o experimental_a man_n may_v be_v high_o commendable_a in_o other_o respect_n yet_o only_o those_o who_o can_v lay_v just_a claim_n to_o true_a principle_n and_o make_v out_o their_o title_n to_o they_o can_v be_v true_o hold_v natural_a philosopher_n which_o sufficient_o show_v that_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_n can_v be_v a_o true_a method_n to_o science_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o man_n fail_n and_o return_v home_o to_o myself_o to_o obviate_v the_o superficial_a way_n of_o reason_n so_o magnify_v by_o other_o speculater_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a method_n and_o have_v lay_v my_o discourse_n as_o deep_a as_o i_o can_v possible_o and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v think_v i_o have_v overdo_v in_o those_o about_o identical_a proposition_n for_o which_o yet_o i_o shall_v hope_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v there_o for_o that_o
proposition_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n since_o man_n wit_n can_v invent_v a_o proposition_n direct_o opposite_a to_o what_o run_v run_v not_o but_z what_o run_v run_v which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a add_v that_o all_o fault_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a contradiction_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o faulty_a but_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o truth_n of_o identical_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v now_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o truth_n which_o they_o direct_o and_o formal_o oppose_v or_o destroy_v 12._o again_o as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o to_o conclude_v be_v to_o show_v the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v connect_v by_o their_o be_v connect_v with_o a_o three_o or_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n but_o how_o can_v we_o show_v that_o middle_a term_n be_v real_o connect_v with_o those_o two_o other_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n by_o find_v still_o another_o middle_a term_n to_o be_v connect_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o how_o far_o must_v this_o go_v on_o endless_o or_o no_o if_o endless_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o thing_n shall_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v prove_v if_o not_o than_o we_o must_v come_v to_o some_o proposition_n who_o term_n be_v so_o connect_v that_o no_o middle_a term_n can_v come_v between_o they_o that_o be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v connect_v by_o mean_n of_o another_o that_o be_v which_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v self-connected_n or_o self-evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v formal_o identical_a to_o enforce_v this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v from_o formal_a identity_n the_o less_o evident_a they_o be_v and_o the_o more_o prooâ—_n they_o require_v as_o also_o that_o they_o grow_v still_o near_o to_o evidence_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o approach_v to_o be_v formal_o the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o all_o approach_n of_o distant_a thing_n end_n in_o their_o conjoin_v and_o centre_v in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o approach_v of_o distant_a notion_n end_n in_o their_o be_v the_o same_o in_o notion_n or_o in_o a_o proposition_n formal_o identical_a as_o in_o a_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n 13._o beside_o all_o causality_n or_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n be_v final_o refund_v into_o this_o self-evident_a principle_n that_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o they_o be_v that_o be_v be_v what_o they_o be_v for_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o cause_n as_o such_o be_v that_o which_o impart_v or_o communicate_v something_a it_o have_v to_o the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v its_o effect_n again_o since_o the_o effect_n be_v such_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o and_o if_o the_o cause_n be_v of_o another_o sort_n the_o effect_n still_o vary_v according_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o causality_n be_v the_o imprint_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o essence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n upon_o the_o matter_n whence_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o natural_a causality_n and_o the_o whole_a efficacy_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o cause_n exist_v that_o be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v only_o motion_n be_v add_v as_o a_o common_a requisite_a to_o apply_v that_o exi_a cause_n better_o or_o worse_o which_o be_v refund_v into_o a_o nature_n superior_a to_o body_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 7_o hereafter_o 14._o last_o god_n himself_o have_v express_v his_o own_o supreme_a essence_n by_o this_o identical_a proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_n qui_fw-la sum_n that_o be_v i_o exist_v or_o be_o existence_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n with_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n which_o therefore_o be_v the_o first_o increated_a truth_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o create_v one_o that_o what_o be_v be_v or_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v therefore_o true_a because_o god_n be_v what_o he_o be_v or_o because_o self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n from_o which_o divine_a and_o sovereign_a verity_n all_o our_o create_a first_o principle_n derive_v their_o truth_n for_o be_v not_o this_o true_a all_o our_o identical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n will_v all_o be_v false_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o verity_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o our_o understanding_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o ground_n or_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o truth_n at_o all_o if_o self-existence_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o self-existence_n and_o thence_o unlimited_a in_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n to_o create_v and_o conserve_v those_o being_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o refer_v this_o section_n to_o the_o three_o corollary_n and_o to_o consider_v they_o well_o together_o because_o they_o mutual_o give_v light_n to_o one_o another_o and_o if_o we_o right_o consider_v it_o as_o the_o proposition_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v only_o the_o reduce_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o homo_fw-la into_o a_o formal_a truth_n so_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_n metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n corol._n iu._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o a_o atheist_n can_v have_v no_o perfect_o certain_a knowledge_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o by_o deny_v his_o maker_n he_o deserve_o come_v to_o lose_v the_o best_a perfection_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o if_o a_o sceptic_a shall_v put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o thing_n have_v any_o metaphysical_a verity_n in_o they_o ground_v our_o first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o object_n that_o for_o any_o thing_n he_o know_v thing_n be_v chimerical_a and_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o false_a judgement_n he_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n through_o his_o deny_v a_o first_o cause_n who_o unchangeable_a and_o essential_a truth_n and_o goodness_n have_v establish_v their_o nature_n to_o be_v unalterable_o what_o they_o be_v whence_o only_o any_o certain_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v attain_v 15._o definition_n though_o very_o useful_a to_o science_n be_v not_o self_n evident_a nor_o be_v those_o proposition_n that_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v first_o principle_n for_o self-evident_a principle_n by_o force_n of_o their_o very_a term_n do_v oblige_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v which_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o again_o art_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v such_o definition_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o adjust_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v whereas_o first_o principle_n must_v antecede_v all_o art_n and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o natural_a light_n of_o our_o understanding_n beside_o the_o possibility_n of_o be_v define_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n which_o possibility_n the_o thing_n have_v from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o for_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v it_o can_v not_o be_v exexplaind_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o one_o that_o be_v undivided_a in_o its_o self_n and_o divide_v from_o all_o other_o it_o can_v not_o be_v comprise_v in_o one_o definition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o determinate_o of_o this_o or_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n can_v not_o be_v draw_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o definition_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v the_o first_o principle_n and_o ground_n to_o all_o definition_n and_o therefore_o definition_n themselves_o be_v not_o first_a principle_n 16._o this_o be_v further_a evince_v because_o word_n be_v liable_a to_o equivocalness_n where_o there_o be_v more_o word_n as_o there_o be_v in_o definition_n there_o be_v more_o room_n for_o equivocation_n which_o inconvenience_n appear_v no_o where_o more_o than_o in_o the_o know_a definition_n of_o man_n for_o there_o want_v not_o many_o witty_a or_o rather_o half-witted_a discourser_n who_o distinguish_v that_o be_v make_v ambiguous_a the_o word_n rational_a and_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o conclude_v being_n the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n can_v conclude_v evident_o in_o line_n and_o number_n but_o not_o in_o logic_n physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n much_o less_o in_o theology_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o cramp_v the_o definition_n to_o less_o than_o half_a the_o sense_n the_o word_n contain_v there_o be_v other_o
all_o the_o material_n as_o it_o be_v that_o be_v requisite_a to_o science_n nor_o while_o they_o attend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n can_v they_o want_v first_o principle_n by_o which_o to_o guide_v their_o thought_n so_o that_o they_o only_o want_v maxim_n of_o art_n to_o put_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o posture_n of_o science_n to_o make_v they_o more_o firm_a distinct_a and_o express_a and_o to_o improve_v they_o by_o draw_v new_a consequence_n from_o they_o wherefore_o such_o acute_a man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v find_v in_o every_o country_n and_o every_o age_n by_o have_v their_o knowledge_n ground_v on_o solid_a nature_n may_v far_o exceed_v hypothetical_n philosopher_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o beforementioned_a in_o true_a knowledge_n and_o so_o come_v near_o the_o be_v true_a philosopher_n than_o any_o of_o they_o nay_o than_o great_a artist_n and_o repute_a scholar_n though_o they_o caper_v in_o the_o air_n never_o so_o nimble_o and_o quaint_o with_o school-term_n distinction_n and_o witty_a and_o congruous_a explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v with_o and_o build_v upon_o good_a honest_a solid_a nature_n book_n iii_o of_o the_o three_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n discourse_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o defect_n of_o it_o lesson_n i._o of_o artificial_a discourse_n the_o force_n of_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o only_a right_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n 1._o discourse_n may_v either_o mean_v common_a reason_v use_v by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o ordinary_a conversation_n or_o by_o some_o in_o rhetorical_a speech_n which_o may_v fit_o be_v call_v loose_a discourse_n or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v which_o consist_v in_o such_o a_o connexion_n of_o term_n in_o two_o proposition_n call_v the_o major_a and_o minor_n or_o the_o premise_n as_o that_o a_o three_o proposition_n call_v the_o conclusion_n must_v natural_o and_o necessary_o follow_v from_o they_o which_o may_v be_v proper_o name_v contract_v or_o strict_a discourse_n and_o by_o logician_n be_v call_v a_o syllogism_n 2._o this_o follow_v or_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o proposition_n out_o of_o two_o other_o be_v call_v inference_n deduction_n conclude_v argumentation_n and_o prove_v so_o that_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v as_o formal_o in_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o proposition_n which_o be_v conclude_v from_o the_o premise_n express_v by_o the_o illative_a particle_n ergo_fw-la as_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o proposition_n do_v in_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o connect_v its_o term_n and_o predicate_v or_o say_v something_o of_o another_o 3._o wherefore_o since_o if_o the_o consequence_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o essence_n and_o all_o the_o force_n and_o nerve_n of_o discourse_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o need_v to_o be_v make_v know_v or_o conclude_v and_o so_o our_o faculty_n of_o exact_a reason_v will_v have_v be_v give_v we_o to_o no_o purpose_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o however_o one_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v know_v by_o other_o that_o be_v connect_v and_o consequential_a to_o one_o another_o yet_o the_o consequence_n itself_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v clear_a by_o another_o consequence_n for_o the_o question_n will_v still_o return_v how_o and_o in_o virtue_n of_o what_o that_o consequence_n which_o make_v the_o other_o evident_a be_v evident_a itself_o and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o evidence_n of_o all_o consequence_n whatever_o must_v be_v build_v on_o something_o in_o a_o high_a manner_n evident_a than_o any_o consequence_n or_o proof_n can_v make_v it_o that_o be_v on_o a_o self-evident_a or_o identical_a proposition_n as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o 4._o hence_o we_o may_v gather_v manifest_o that_o a_o syllogism_n can_v have_v but_o three_o term_n in_o it_o two_o of_o which_o be_v give_v we_o in_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o three_o be_v that_o middle_a term_n by_o find_v which_o to_o be_v identify_v with_o the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o premise_n we_o come_v to_o be_v assure_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n hint_v above_o that_o they_o be_v identify_v in_o the_o conclusion_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_a 5._o from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o tâ—st_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n by_o reduce_v they_o to_o which_o their_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v try_v for_o since_o whatever_o be_v most_o perfect_a in_o its_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n or_o test_n by_o which_o to_o measure_v and_o try_v the_o perfection_n of_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o firm_o ground_v act_n of_o our_o natural_a reason_n make_v exact_a by_o art_n which_o be_v to_o perfect_a nature_n and_o therefore_o absolute_o the_o very_a best_a that_o can_v be_v in_o its_o kind_a or_o the_o best_a discourse_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o true_a test_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o other_o discourse_n to_o which_o the_o verity_n sense_n or_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v and_o to_o be_v try_v by_o it_o corol._n i._n hence_o it_o be_v of_o very_o excellent_a use_n for_o young_a wit_n to_o exercise_v themselves_o in_o reduce_v loose_a discourse_n to_o strict_a one_o or_o syllogism_n for_o by_o endeavour_v this_o they_o will_v to_o their_o admiration_n find_v how_o shallow_a and_o far_o from_o evident_a the_o ground_n how_o precarious_a unproved_a and_o ofttimes_o contradictious_a the_o particular_a assertion_n and_o how_o open_a and_o incoherent_a the_o contexture_n and_o consequence_n be_v in_o many_o rhetorical_a discourse_n and_o speech_n which_o dress_v up_o in_o fine_a language_n and_o embellish_v with_o little_a trope_n and_o figure_n and_o other_o pretty_a trick_n of_o wit_n and_o fancy_n do_v before_o look_v very_o plausible_a and_o make_v a_o gay_a appearance_n of_o most_o excellent_a sense_n perhaps_o scarce_o any_o one_o expedient_a can_v be_v invent_v that_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o advance_v truth_n beat_v down_o error_n and_o keep_v the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n from_o be_v delude_v than_o thus_o to_o divest_v such_o empty_a discourse_n of_o their_o glossy_a outside_n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v how_o deform_a a_o hag_n error_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o reason_n when_o expose_v stark-naked_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v strip_v of_o these_o ornamental_a triâ—â—es_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v her_o native_a beauty_n and_o the_o symmetry_n of_o all_o her_o part_n will_v appear_v more_o amiable_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o who_o do_v sincere_o affect_v she_o 6._o from_o the_o three_o §_o it_o manifest_o follow_v that_o the_o consequence_n of_o a_o syllogism_n have_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n for_o its_o basis_n if_o upon_o severe_a examination_n we_o find_v that_o any_o discourse_n do_v indeed_o bear_v that_o test_n and_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o rigorous_a syllogism_n and_o the_o premise_n which_o the_o consequence_n suppose_v to_o be_v true_a be_v real_o so_o or_o can_v be_v by_o this_o method_n prove_v true_a it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o we_o may_v be_v as_o perfect_o assure_v as_o that_o we_o be_v that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v consequent_a and_o true_a and_o that_o soon_o may_v all_o the_o material_a world_n crumble_v into_o incoherent_a atom_n or_o relapse_n into_o the_o abyss_n of_o nothingness_n than_o that_o any_o conclusion_n thus_o deduce_v can_v be_v false_a since_o if_o it_o can_v than_o that_o identical_a proposition_n on_o which_o the_o consequence_n be_v ground_v will_v be_v false_a and_o so_o a_o contradiction_n will_v be_v true_a which_o falsify_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o creature_n and_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n which_o will_v consequent_o shock_v the_o wisdom_n and_o even_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o godhead_n itself_o for_o self-existence_n may_v not_o be_v self-existence_n if_o a_o contradiction_n may_v be_v true_a corol._n ii_o be_v that_o which_o be_v say_v here_o and_o some_o other_o main_a hinge_n of_o science_n which_o occur_v in_o this_o treatise_n due_o consider_v and_o well_o penetrate_v it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o they_o will_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n cure_v the_o disease_n of_o scepticism_n so_o epidemical_a among_o our_o late_a wit_n for_o even_o the_o worst_a of_o sceptic_n will_v grant_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n must_v be_v true_a and_o he_o may_v see_v here_o that_o by_o this_o doctrine_n both_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v such_o and_o that_o all_o force_n of_o consequence_n also_o which_o two_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n of_o
the_o premise_n affirm_v universal_o the_o other_o particular_o the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v a_o particular_a affirmative_a for_o though_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n be_v universal_o or_o total_o connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o the_o other_o extreme_o be_v but_o particular_o or_o in_o part_n connect_v with_o it_o and_o so_o it_o can_v never_o infer_v the_o total_a connexion_n of_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o conclusion_n be_v a_o universal_a affirmative_a 10_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o that_o degree_n connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o the_o premise_n for_o example_n da_fw-la every_o good_a man_n be_v charitable_a ri_fw-la some_o rich_a man_n be_v a_o good_a man_n therefore_o i_o some_o rich_a man_n be_v charitable_a 14._o when_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n be_v universal_o deny_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o medium_fw-la particular_o affirm_v of_o the_o other_o extreme_a the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v a_o particular_a negative_a for_o be_v the_o term_n total_o the_o same_o in_o the_o minor_a as_o it_o be_v in_o celarent_fw-la than_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n have_v be_v not_o at_o all_o the_o same_o but_o universal_o deny_v of_o one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v there_o wherefore_o be_v but_o in_o part_n the_o same_o in_o the_o minor_a they_o can_v only_o be_v in_o part_n not_o the_o same_o in_o the_o conclusion_n for_o example_n fe-no_a harmful_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v use_v ri_fw-la some_o mirth_n be_v a_o harmful_a thing_n therefore_o o_o some_o mirth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v from_o these_o ground_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o diverse_a maxim_n or_o axiom_n common_o use_v by_o logician_n concern_v this_o present_a matter_n tell_v we_o when_o and_o how_o the_o conclusion_n follow_v or_o not_o follow_v such_o as_o be_v 15._o from_o two_o universal_a negative_n nothing_o follow_v because_o neither_o extreme_a be_v connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n nor_o from_o this_o that_o two_o notion_n be_v different_a from_o a_o three_o be_v it_o consequent_a that_o they_o be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o one_o another_o wherefore_o a_o syllogism_n be_v such_o a_o artificial_a and_o perfect_o order_v discourse_n that_o put_v the_o premise_n to_o be_v true_a the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v true_a also_o such_o as_o this_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o part_n of_o those_o other_o that_o follow_v want_v that_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o syllogism_n be_v not_o syllogism_n but_o paralogism_n v_o g._n no_o brute_n be_v rational_a no_o man_n be_v a_o brute_n therefore_o no_o man_n be_v rational_a 16._o from_o two_o particular_a proposition_n nothing_o follow_v for_o a_o particular_a proposition_n express_v but_o some_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a notion_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v and_o there_o be_v more_o part_n in_o that_o whole_a notion_n one_o of_o the_o extreme_n may_v be_v unite_v with_o it_o according_a to_o one_o part_n or_o consideration_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o according_a to_o another_o part_n in_o which_o case_n it_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v unite_v at_o all_o with_o one_o another_o in_o the_o conclusion_n v_o g._n some_o man_n be_v a_o fool._n some_o wise_a man_n be_v a_o man_n therefore_o some_o wise_a man_n be_v a_o fool_n where_o some_o man_n the_o medium_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o diverse_a part_n as_o it_o be_v of_o man_n in_o common_a and_o so_o the_o medium_fw-la as_o consider_v according_a to_o its_o part_n which_o be_v diverse_a be_v not_o one_o itself_o nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o unite_v other_o by_o its_o be_v one_o or_o the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n which_o be_v the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o all_o consequence_n corol._n hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v a_o universal_a else_o nothing_o be_v conclude_v which_o deserve_v remark_v this_o be_v useful_a to_o confute_v some_o wrong_a method_n to_o science_n 17._o a_o negative_a conclusion_n can_v be_v deduce_v from_o affirmative_a premise_n because_o if_o the_o extreme_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o the_o premise_n and_o not_o the_o same_o with_o one_o another_o in_o the_o conclusion_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o same_o and_o not_o the_o same_o with_o itself_o or_o else_o that_o the_o connexion_n or_o inconnexion_n of_o the_o term_n in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o connexion_n or_o inconnexion_n with_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n which_o utter_o subvert_v all_o ground_n of_o discourse_v 18._o the_o conclusion_n can_v be_v universal_a unless_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v once_o take_v universal_o in_o the_o premise_n because_o otherwise_o both_o the_o premise_n will_v be_v particular_n from_o which_o as_o be_v prove_v §_o 16._o no_o conclusion_n can_v follow_v 19_o the_o conclusion_n always_o follow_v the_o worse_a part_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v negative_a or_o particular_a if_o either_o of_o the_o premise_n be_v such_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a be_v because_o if_o either_o of_o the_o premise_n be_v negative_a than_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o identify_v they_o both_o which_o be_v do_v by_o infer_v a_o affirmative_a conclusion_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v because_o if_o it_o be_v only_o in_o part_n the_o same_o with_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n it_o can_v prove_v those_o extreme_n to_o be_v whole_o the_o same_o which_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o their_o be_v unite_v with_o it_o universal_o for_o it_o can_v give_v no_o great_a degree_n of_o connexion_n to_o the_o two_o extreme_n then_o itself_o have_v with_o they_o as_o be_v show_v §_o 10._o these_o maxim_n or_o position_n be_v show_v to_o be_v rational_a and_o necessary_o consequent_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o rigorous_a or_o syllogistical_a discourse_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a method_n 20._o a_o singular_a proposition_n may_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o particular_a one_o in_o the_o minor_a of_o darii_n and_o ferio_n for_o a_o singular_a or_o individual_a notion_n be_v in_o reality_n some_o part_n of_o the_o common_a notion_n and_o the_o word_n some_o man_n or_o some_o man_n do_v signify_v some_o individual_a man_n or_o man_n wherefore_o abate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o indeterminate_a expression_n the_o sense_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o hence_o these_o be_v right_a syllogism_n and_o conclusive_a da-every_a philosopher_n resolve_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n ri_fw-la aristotle_n be_v a_o philosopher_n therefore_o i_o aristotle_n resolve_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n fe-no_a man_n who_o suppose_v his_o ground_n gratis_o be_v a_o philosopher_n ri_fw-la epicurus_n suppose_v his_o ground_n gratis_o therefore_o o_o epicurus_n be_v not_o a_o philosopher_n 21._o expository_n syllogism_n that_o consist_v of_o singular_a proposition_n be_v true_a and_o perfect_a syllogism_n for_o since_o a_o syllogism_n be_v such_o a_o discourse_n as_o from_o the_o clear_a connexion_n of_o a_o middle_a notion_n with_o the_o two_o extreme_n infer_v the_o connexion_n of_o those_o extreme_n with_o one_o another_o and_o singular_n have_v their_o notion_n as_o well_o as_o universals_z and_o may_v be_v connect_v with_o one_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o case_n these_o discourse_n be_v not_o faulty_a in_o other_o respect_n they_o can_v from_o the_o regard_n of_o their_o consist_v whole_o of_o singular_n be_v degrade_v from_o be_v true_a and_o perfect_a syllogism_n v_o g._n tom_fw-mi long_o bring_v i_o a_o letter_n this_o man_n be_v tom_n long_o therefore_o this_o man_n bring_v i_o a_o letter_n 22._o such_o syllogism_n do_v not_o advance_v science_n for_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o our_o soul_n be_v not_o only_o capable_a of_o have_v universal_a notion_n but_o that_o it_o be_v her_o peculiar_a nature_n to_o abstract_n that_o be_v to_o draw_v singular_a notion_n to_o universal_a one_o and_o since_o notion_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o consequent_o universal_a notion_n of_o universal_a knowledge_n and_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o our_o mind_n according_a to_o her_o nature_n and_o therefore_o do_v dilate_v and_o enlarge_v her_o natural_a capacity_n by_o extend_v it_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o universal_a truth_n wherefore_o since_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o expository_n syllogism_n as_o consist_v of_o singular_n can_v conclude_v or_o gain_v the_o soul_n knowledge_n of_o no_o more_o but_o some_o one_o singular_a it_o cramp_n contract_n or_o make_v narrow_a her_o natural_a capacity_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o syllogism_n be_v far_o from_o perfect_v the_o soul_n or_o from_o generate_a science_n which_o be_v
her_o natural_a perfection_n 23._o hence_o follow_v that_o such_o syllogism_n be_v good_a for_o use_n and_o practise_v and_o only_o for_o that_o for_o since_o such_o syllogism_n be_v true_a discourse_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o whole_o in_o vain_a but_o must_v be_v good_a for_o something_o wherefore_o since_o they_o conduce_v not_o at_o all_o to_o speculation_n or_o generate_a science_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v be_v good_a for_o use_n or_o practise_v and_o for_o that_o only_a again_o since_o all_o outward_a action_n use_v and_o practice_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o such_o subject_n as_o exist_v and_o nothing_o exist_v but_o suppositum_n individuum_n or_o singular_n it_o follow_v that_o singular_n be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o artificer_n or_o such_o as_o work_v outward_o upon_o determinate_a matter_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o singular_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o such_o man_n for_o by_o this_o they_o know_v how_o to_o work_v upon_o those_o subject_n and_o manage_v they_o according_o for_o example_n a_o architect_n by_o know_v the_o certain_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n of_o his_o material_n wood_n brick_n or_o stone_n may_v build_v a_o house_n but_o he_o can_v without_o the_o science_n of_o mathematics_n have_v a_o clear_a knowledge_n out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o quantity_n why_o it_o must_v be_v so_o always_o though_o it_o hit_v to_o do_v so_o once_o or_o hic_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la note_v that_o practical_a self_n evidence_n may_v oftentimes_o as_o be_v show_v former_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v here_o the_o place_n of_o science_n and_o operate_v like_o it_o though_o it_o can_v never_o arrive_v to_o that_o clear_a and_o ground_a penetration_n into_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o action_n as_o be_v find_v in_o scientifical_a men._n 24._o hence_o the_o way_n of_o argue_v by_o induction_n can_v never_o breed_v science_n first_o because_o out_o of_o pure_a particular_n nothing_o follow_v next_o because_o to_o argue_v from_o some_o part_n or_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a be_v inconsequent_a wherefore_o we_o can_v thence_o infer_v a_o universal_a proposition_n or_o gain_n science_n of_o any_o nature_n unless_o we_o can_v enumerate_v all_o the_o singular_n in_o the_o world_n that_o be_v all_o the_o part_n so_o to_o make_v up_o a_o equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v impossible_a 25._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o some_o universal_a proposition_n must_v be_v take_v in_o if_o we_o will_v conclude_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o singular_a one_o this_o have_v be_v ample_o show_v above_o and_o according_o in_o mathematics_n universal_a maxim_n and_o axiom_n use_v to_o be_v first_o lay_v without_o which_o nothing_o in_o any_o subject_a can_v be_v know_v scientifical_o 26._o further_o it_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o former_a discourse_n that_o hypotheticall_a or_o conditional_a syllogism_n be_v in_o proper_a speech_n no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o generate_v science_n but_o by_o see_v in_o common_a and_o confuse_o they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o sense_n with_o categorical_a one_o for_o since_o we_o can_v see_v evident_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o conclusion_n or_o have_v science_n of_o it_o but_o by_o see_v evident_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o two_o extreme_n with_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o this_o can_v be_v see_v evident_o unless_o all_o the_o term_n be_v posturd_v in_o their_o right_a place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n therefore_o since_o neither_o this_o clear_a position_n of_o the_o term_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o be_v find_v in_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n they_o be_v not_o in_o proper_a speech_n syllogism_n any_o more_o than_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o more_o concise_a rhetorical_a discourse_n which_o have_v oftentimes_o virtual_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o they_o though_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v disjoint_v and_o out_o of_o that_o due_a order_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o syllogism_n 27._o wherefore_o all_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n ought_v in_o dispute_n to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o for_o the_o major_a neither_o absolute_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v absolute_o either_o affirm_v or_o deny_v next_o the_o same_o major_a proposition_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o consequence_n in_o its_o single_a self_n and_o so_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o imperfect_a syllogism_n even_o take_v alone_o 3_o it_o do_v not_o identify_v its_o term_n and_o last_o unless_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o part_n can_v clear_o appear_v 28._o the_o way_n to_o reduce_v they_o be_v to_o vary_v the_o phrase_n or_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n still_o keep_v the_o same_o sense_n for_o example_n this_o hypothetical_n if_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o ought_v to_o seek_v after_o but_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v seek_v after_o may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o barbara_n thus_o what_o ever_o be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o but_o all_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o all_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o 29._o for_o some_o of_o the_o same_o reason_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o as_o it_o be_v either_o day_n or_o night_n but_o it_o be_v not_o day_n therefore_o it_o be_v night_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a in_o darii_n thus_o da-what_a ever_o time_n be_v not_o day_n be_v night_n ri_fw-la this_o present_a time_n be_v not_o day_n therefore_o i_o this_o present_a time_n be_v night_n lesson_n iii_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o what_o middle_a term_n be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n the_o right_a manner_n of_o frame_v a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o of_o draw_v a_o consequence_n right_a which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o lay_v open_a from_o its_o ground_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o to_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o attainment_n of_o science_n but_o to_o show_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o rigorous_a discourse_n for_o since_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n do_v constitute_v the_o whole_a essence_n or_o nature_n of_o every_o thing_n if_o both_o these_o be_v make_v know_v there_o can_v nothing_o more_o be_v want_v for_o we_o to_o conclude_v or_o prove_v evident_o which_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n and_o aim_v of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o logic_n wherefore_o all_o the_o elaborate_a rule_n that_o occur_v in_o common_a logician_n which_o conduce_v not_o to_o this_o end_n be_v frivolous_a and_o mere_o invent_v for_o vain_a show_n and_o ostentation_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o advance_v science_n that_o they_o pester_v the_o way_n to_o it_o by_o make_v in_o more_o perplex_v and_o intricate_a which_o obstruct_v the_o attainment_n of_o it_o 2._o such_o a_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o be_v the_o only_a matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v in_o a_o lawful_a syllogism_n but_o three_o term_n and_o two_o of_o they_o be_v give_v to_o our_o hand_n in_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o those_o term_n belong_v to_o the_o form_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o consideration_n leave_v that_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o or_o which_o join_v with_o the_o former_a make_v it_o evident_o conclude_v but_o such_o a_o middle_a term_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o conclusion_n 3._o wherefore_o such_o a_o term_n be_v find_v and_o order_v in_o the_o right_a form_n nothing_o more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o for_o this_o do_v the_o conclusion_n so_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n shall_v be_v false_a or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o a_o contradiction_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o be_v the_o high_a impossibility_n wherefore_o since_o to_o have_v science_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o know_v evident_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o can_v but_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o mean_n now_o mention_v it_o follow_v that_o no_o thing_n more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o 4._o hence_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a and_o to_o produce_v or_o frame_v such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v for_o since_o a_o demonstration_n bear_v in_o its_o notion_n that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o most_o evident_a proof_n than_o can_v be_v and_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o render_v
express_o or_o by_o consequence_n include_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n the_o formality_n of_o one_o be_v in_o some_o part_n the_o formality_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la corpus_fw-la mixtum_fw-la vivens_fw-la sensituum_fw-la be_v find_v in_o part_n to_o be_v formal_o in_o the_o entire_a notion_n of_o homo_fw-la the_o art_n of_o divide_v right_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v exact_a definition_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o proper_a difference_n that_o divide_v that_o common_a notion_n do_v constitute_v and_o integrate_a the_o definition_n note_v that_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v be_v immediate_a because_o otherwise_o it_o confound_v the_o intermemediate_v notion_n with_o the_o species_n and_o so_o give_v a_o less-distinct_a conception_n of_o the_o notion_n to_o be_v define_v hence_o ens_fw-la or_o vivens_fw-la rationale_n be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n of_o homo_fw-la because_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la do_v but_o confuse_o or_o in_o part_n speak_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o animal_n nor_o be_v rationale_n the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a difference_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o vivens_fw-la 12._o hence_o dichotomy_n or_o a_o division_n make_v by_o two_o member_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o such_o a_o division_n the_o part_n if_o right_o express_v may_v be_v most_o easy_o see_v to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a that_o dichotomy_n in_o which_o the_o member_n be_v contradictory_n be_v the_o very_o best_a division_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v as_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la into_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a that_o be_v not-divisible_a of_o animal_n into_o rational_a and_o irrational_a that_o be_v not-rational_a of_o number_n into_o odd_a and_o even_o or_o not-odd_a for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o middle_a between_o contradictory_n it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o member_n than_o two_o and_o consequent_o that_o those_o two_o part_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a 13._o the_o whole_a definition_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o a_o division_n that_o be_v right_o make_v if_o take_v together_o may_v be_v a_o proper_a medium_fw-la for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o both_o of_o these_o take_v together_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a notion_n define_v and_o divide_v and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o middle_a term_n as_o that_o whole_a notion_n express_v by_o one_o word_n as_o by_o man._n animal_n etc._n etc._n v_o g._n every_o rational_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n every_o clown_n be_v a_o rational_a animal_n therefore_o every_o clown_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n whatever_o be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n all_o number_n be_v either_o even_o or_o odd_a therefore_o all_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o proportion_n 14._o out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v see_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v science_n for_o since_o all_o knowledge_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o all_o distinct_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n such_o as_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n distinct_o and_o clear_o represent_v and_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v do_v by_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o definition_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a instrument_n or_o best_a mean_n to_o attain_v to_o science_n 15._o another_o use_n to_o be_v make_v of_o definition_n in_o order_n to_o demonstration_n be_v this_o when_o two_o notion_n by_o be_v remote_a seem_v in_o a_o manner_n disparate_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n be_v obscure_a we_o be_v to_o pursue_v home_o the_o definition_n of_o each_o of_o the_o term_n till_o something_o that_o be_v formal_o identical_a appear_v in_o both_o of_o they_o which_o do_v all_o far_a disquisition_n cease_v and_o the_o point_n be_v demonstrate_v for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v prove_v that_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o word_n laudable_a signify_v deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o and_o practical_a self-evidence_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n tell_v we_o that_o our_o speech_n be_v nothing_o but_o sign_n agree_v on_o by_o mankind_n to_o express_v their_o thought_n that_o thing_n deserve_v to_o be_v speak_v well_o of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v well_o of_o and_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v or_o think_v or_o to_o true_a reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o right_o and_o good_a that_o be_v think_v well_o of_o to_o which_o add_v that_o virtue_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o disposition_n to_o act_n according_a to_o true_a reason_n it_o come_v to_o appear_v that_o virtuo_fw-la and_o laudable_a have_v something_o couch_v in_o their_o notion_n that_o be_v formal_o identical_a and_o that_o this_o proposition_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a be_v full_a as_o certain_a as_o that_o what_o be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o what_o be_v laudable_a be_v laudable_a which_o see_v perfect_a knowledge_n be_v have_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a that_o be_v it_o be_v the_o proposition_n evident_o conclude_v or_o demonstrate_v note_v hence_o that_o in_o resolve_v truth_n thus_o into_o first_o principle_n rigorous_a definition_n do_v not_o always_o need_v but_o explication_n of_o the_o two_o notion_n or_o of_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v the_o two_o term_n may_v serve_v so_o they_o be_v true_a and_o solid_a since_o no_o more_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n but_o to_o resolve_v the_o inferior_a truth_n and_o the_o notion_n that_o compound_v they_o into_o superior_a one_o for_o which_o reason_n also_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o a_o knowledge_n agree_v on_o by_o all_o mankind_n in_o their_o natural_a thought_n through_o converse_n with_o those_o natural_a object_n be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o be_v a_o solid_a knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v not_o lick_v into_o artificial_a shape_n whence_o it_o may_v suffice_v oftentimes_o without_o frame_v the_o demonstration_n couch_v in_o these_o discourse_n into_o a_o syllogistick_a method_n unless_o the_o form_n of_o the_o discourse_n be_v deny_v 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v therefore_o such_o because_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n identical_a proposition_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o they_o 17._o hence_o every_o error_n have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o fect_a contradiction_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o it_o for_o since_o all_o truth_n as_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o so_o have_v a_o identical_a proposition_n for_o their_o base_n therefore_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n every_o error_n be_v a_o dis-conformity_n to_o the_o thing_n or_o a_o deviation_n from_o its_o be_v what_o it_o be_v must_v be_v ground_v on_o this_o as_o its_o first_o principle_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n 18._o hence_o follow_v necessary_o that_o if_o art_n and_o industry_n be_v not_o want_v every_o truth_n be_v reducible_a to_o a_o self_n evident_a or_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o these_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v be_v the_o basâ—s_n or_o bottom-principle_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n and_o all_o inferior_a proposition_n derìve_v all_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n from_o the_o first_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n that_o be_v from_o identical_a proposition_n or_o contradiction_n it_o follow_v that_o either_o no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n can_v be_v final_o know_v or_o be_v knowable_a or_o provable_a to_o be_v such_o or_o else_o they_o must_v be_v reducible_a either_o to_o identical_a proposition_n or_o to_o contradiction_n as_o the_o test_n of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsity_n corol._n i._n hence_o follow_v that_o all_o learning_n be_v knowledge_n those_o man_n only_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v absolute_o speak_v true_a scholar_n or_o perfect_o learned_a who_o can_v thus_o settle_v truth_n and_o confute_v error_n that_o be_v thus_o demonstrate_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o position_n he_o maintain_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o disconformity_n of_o his_o adversary_n thesis_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a under_o dispute_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o unjust_o many_o man_n be_v esteem_v learned_a by_o the_o generality_n mere_o for_o their_o have_v read_v a_o multitude_n of_o author_n since_o the_o former_a know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n discourse_v of_o
their_o identical_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o other_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n very_o distinct_o as_o heat_n cold_a moist_a dry_v etc._n etc._n note_v that_o in_o such_o as_o these_o if_o it_o be_v too_o laborious_a to_o arrive_v at_o their_o definition_n by_o divide_v the_o common_a genus_fw-la as_o it_o often_o happen_v when_o the_o divide_v member_n be_v more_o than_o two_o and_o be_v not_o contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o then_o we_o may_v frame_v our_o definition_n of_o they_o by_o observe_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o vulgar_a towards_o they_o or_o their_o saying_n concern_v they_o for_o such_o quality_n be_v sensible_a one_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n and_o do_v imprint_v lively_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o themselves_o in_o all_o man_n wherefore_o their_o saying_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o true_a notion_n they_o have_v of_o they_o they_o if_o enough_o of_o they_o be_v collect_v must_v give_v we_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o they_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o what_o they_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o which_o be_v equivalent_a in_o sense_n to_o a_o perfect_a definition_n for_o example_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o those_o quality_n we_o call_v dry_a and_o moist_a we_o shall_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v solicitous_a lest_o moist_a thing_n shall_v squander_v and_o run_v about_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v careful_a themselves_o to_o put_v such_o thing_n in_o some_o receptacle_n or_o vessel_n that_o may_v keep_v they_o from_o do_v so_o or_o they_o bid_v their_o servant_n do_v it_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o bid_v they_o set_v dry_a thing_n on_o the_o cupboard_n or_o on_o a_o shelf_n and_o never_o put_v they_o in_o a_o vessel_n or_o be_v at_o the_o needless_a labour_n of_o pound_v they_o into_o a_o pot_n or_o tub_n out_o of_o fear_n they_o shall_v squander_v about_o which_o saying_n and_o behaviour_n of_o they_o give_v we_o the_o definition_n of_o both_o those_o quality_n viz._n that_o moist_a be_v that_o which_o difficult_o keep_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v easy_o accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o thing_n and_o dry_v be_v that_o which_o easy_o retain_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v difficulty_n accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o which_o be_v the_o very_a definition_n which_o that_o great_a observer_n of_o nature_n aristotle_n give_v we_o of_o those_o two_o quality_n note_v ii_o whence_o we_o may_v with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o thanks_o reflect_v on_o the_o infinite_a goodness_n of_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n who_o unenvious_o bestow_v knowledge_n on_o all_o who_o will_v dispose_v themselves_o to_o receive_v it_o that_o wherever_o art_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o shortness_n be_v at_o a_o plunge_n he_o supply_v it_o by_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o the_o natural_o instill_a knowledge_n of_o the_o vulgar_a whence_o it_o be_v a_o high_a pride_n in_o the_o great_a man_n of_o art_n to_o conceit_n that_o they_o be_v above_o be_v still_o the_o child_n of_o nature_n whereas_o it_o be_v the_o best_a title_n they_o have_v to_o true_a and_o solid_a learning_n sus_n minervam_fw-la 8._o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o it_o have_v in_o they_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o the_o consequence_n can_v be_v of_o nothing_o but_o must_v be_v of_o some_o determinate_a proposition_n which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o conclusion_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n again_o since_o before_o we_o conclude_v determinate_o and_o express_o we_o must_v know_v what_o to_o conclude_v and_o we_o know_v what_o to_o conclude_v by_o know_v the_o premise_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v that_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v it_o follow_v evident_o that_o since_o we_o know_v the_o conclusion_n ever_o we_o actual_o infer_v and_o express_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v there_o virtual_o 9_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v conclusion_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v for_o all_o the_o follow_a conclusion_n as_o for_o the_o first_o or_o for_o one_o single_a one_o it_o follow_v that_o let_v there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o orderly-succeeding_a syllogism_n necessary_a to_o prove_v any_o point_n the_o conclusion_n be_v still_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o follow_v one_o in_o those_o that_o go_v before_o they_o 10._o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o from_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n fundamental_o and_o this_o be_v contain_a and_o express_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o identical_a proposition_n and_o in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o the_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o contain_v in_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n 11._o from_o what_o be_v late_o say_v it_o be_v evince_v that_o if_o a_o middle_a term_n be_v take_v which_o be_v a_o proper_a cause_n or_o proper_a effect_n the_o conclusion_n be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n for_o though_o the_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n be_v not_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n yet_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o manifest_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o proper_a cause_n that_o produce_v it_o and_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o proper_a cause_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o 7._o existence_n of_o such_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o its_o essence_n imprint_v upon_o the_o patient_n hence_o such_o medium_n do_v demonstrable_o and_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o conclusion_n may_v be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n as_o well_o in_o such_o syllogism_n as_o in_o those_o which_o have_v a_o essential_a notion_n for_o their_o middle_a term._n 12._o hence_o all_o natural_a truth_n and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_o see_v hereafter_o all_o those_o natural_a effect_n be_v demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o those_o cause_n demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a effect_n and_o this_o from_o the_o first_o start_v of_o nature_n into_o motion_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o infer_v one_o another_o all_o along_o that_o be_v new_a conclusion_n be_v still_o apt_a to_o spring_v from_o such_o middle_a term_n connect_v with_o the_o two_o extreme_n in_o the_o premise_n and_o consequent_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o conclusion_n be_v all_o along_o virtual_o in_o those_o several_a premise_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o natural_a truth_n be_v in_o one_o another_o and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n 13._o hence_o have_v we_o live_v in_o every_o place_n and_o in_o every_o part_n of_o time_n where_o and_o when_o those_o several_a cause_n wrought_v those_o several_a effect_n and_o have_v be_v endow_v with_o capacity_n sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o performance_n and_o not_o be_v divert_v with_o other_o thought_n from_o application_n to_o that_o work_n we_o may_v have_v actual_o demonstrate_v those_o effect_n by_o their_o proper_a cause_n or_o those_o cause_n by_o their_o proper_a effect_n through_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n except_o miracle_n have_v alter_v that_o natural_a course_n for_o in_o that_o case_n all_o those_o subject_n have_v afford_v we_o matter_n or_o fit_a medium_n for_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o any_o single_a subject_n do_v now_o wherefore_o if_o we_o have_v have_v wit_n enough_o to_o demonstrate_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o wit_n sufficient_o apply_v in_o every_o circumstance_n it_o have_v be_v do_v 14._o hence_o every_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n that_o know_v any_o one_o natural_a truth_n know_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o all_o at_o once_o at_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o her_o separation_n for_o since_o all_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n and_o proper_a effect_n and_o those_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o that_o be_v the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o one_o be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o other_o as_o be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o and_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o know_v truth_n be_v not_o
medium_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o must_v be_v also_o conclusive_a one_o for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n must_v either_o be_v make_v know_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o by_o extrinsical_a one_o that_o be_v by_o another_o authority_n and_o the_o same_o question_n recurr_n how_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o that_o other_o authority_n and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o we_o must_v come_v to_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o authority_n by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o we_o can_v have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o to_o believe_v any_o authority_n moreover_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v do_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n and_o unless_o they_o be_v conclusive_a they_o prove_v nothing_o and_o so_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o 21._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o attester_n be_v ascertain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o §_o 15.16_o their_o veracity_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o show_v there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a good_a to_o move_v their_o will_n to_o deceive_v we_o and_o the_o best_a proof_n omit_v the_o impossibility_n of_o join_v in_o such_o a_o universal_a conspiracy_n to_o deceive_v the_o certain_a loss_n of_o their_o credit_n to_o tell_v a_o lie_n against_o notorious_a matter_n of_o fact_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o see_v impossibility_n of_o compass_v their_o immediate_a end_n which_o be_v to_o deceive_v which_o reason_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o no_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o perfect_o frantic_a act_n for_o a_o end_n that_o he_o plain_o see_v impossible_a to_o be_v compass_v for_o example_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o moon_n or_o to_o swim_v over_o thames_n upon_o a_o pig_n of_o lead_n thus_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o all_o england_n can_v not_o conspire_v to_o deceive_v those_o bear_v since_o in_o assert_v to_o they_o that_o there_o be_v a_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o a_o long_a parliament_n which_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n here_o because_o they_o must_v see_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o gain_v belief_n of_o it_o which_o be_v their_o immediate_a end_n whatever_o far_o end_v they_o may_v propose_v to_o themselves_o so_o many_o record_n practice_n law_n and_o other_o consequence_n issue_v thence_o give_v they_o the_o lie_v beside_o the_o history_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o country_n and_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o political_a part_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o conspire_v unanimous_o and_o apposite_o to_o detect_v the_o cheat._n wherefore_o the_o end_n be_v evident_o impossible_a to_o be_v achieve_v it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o apparent_a good_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o act_v for_o such_o a_o end_n or_o to_o attempt_v to_o deceive_v we_o by_o attest_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o tell_v such_o a_o lie_n in_o such_o a_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v veracious_a while_o they_o attest_v it_o 22._o though_o both_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o consequently_n the_o thing_n attest_v by_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o and_o necessary_o true_a yet_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n be_v neither_o science_n noâ—_n opinion_n it_o can_v be_v opinion_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o beget_v opinion_n be_v not_o necessary_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n as_o be_v find_v here_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v science_n because_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v attest_v cause_v such_o a_o notion_n or_o impression_n in_o we_o direct_o by_o its_o self_n or_o by_o reflex_n knowledge_n upon_o those_o direct_a one_o on_o which_o kind_n of_o impression_n all_o science_n be_v build_v but_o it_o be_v a_o knowledge_n reflect_v to_o we_o from_o another_o knowledge_n of_o it_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o second-hand_n knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o even_o the_o attester_n have_v of_o the_o object_n at_o first-hand_n a_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o thing_n as_o a_o object_n the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o knowledge_n only_o which_o can_v beget_v science_n for_o a_o proper_a cause_n have_v a_o real_a order_n or_o relation_n to_o it_o be_v proper_a effect_n whereas_o the_o object_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o sense_n or_o our_o know_a power_n as_o be_v show_v above_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o relation_n by_o which_o we_o may_v far_o more_o clear_o discover_v the_o essential_a difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o intelligibility_n be_v a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la therefore_o every_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o proper_a cause_n of_o knowledge_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la negative_o as_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n nothing_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o ens_fw-la non_fw-la ens_fw-la not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v any_o knowledge_n in_o we_o or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o order_n to_o a_o extrinsical_a thing_n not_o a_o true_a property_n perfect_v it_o intrinsical_o as_o property_n due_a to_o a_o thing_n by_o nature_n and_o spring_a from_o their_o essence_n do_v it_o may_v be_v object_v far_a that_o all_o natural_a power_n be_v true_a property_n though_o they_o respect_v extrinsical_a thing_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o work_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o perfect_v those_o entity_n intrinsical_o or_o give_v they_o some_o perfection_n in_o their_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o intelligibility_n do_v not_o for_o nothing_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a or_o otherwise_o than_o it_o will_v be_v for_o be_v know_v or_o understand_v to_o explicate_v this_o better_a we_o may_v consider_v that_o every_o entity_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v some_o office_n or_o place_n there_o and_o some_o part_n which_o it_o be_v to_o act_v on_o the_o stage_n of_o nature_n and_o according_o metaphysic_n teach_v we_o that_o every_o body_n be_v constitute_v such_o by_o its_o have_v some_o primary_n operation_n which_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v as_o fire_n to_o heat_n water_n to_o cool_n etc._n etc._n whence_o what_o ever_o fit_v it_o for_o such_o a_o operation_n be_v either_o essential_a to_o it_o or_o a_o property_n immediate_o connect_v with_o its_o essence_n such_o as_o be_v those_o natural_a power_n object_v now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o power_n do_v perfect_a each_o nature_n intrinsical_o since_o without_o they_o it_o will_v be_v imperfect_a and_o impotent_a to_o perform_v that_o which_o it_o be_v essential_o ordain_v for_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n carry_v on_o by_o such_o proper_a cause_n to_o proper_a effect_n will_v be_v quite_o out_o of_o frame_n and_o order_n whereas_o it_o be_v manifest_a it_o will_v suffer_v no_o detriment_n at_o all_o in_o itself_o whether_o those_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_n be_v understand_v or_o no._n which_o show_v that_o their_o be_v know_v by_o the_o first_o attester_n or_o make_v know_v to_o we_o by_o their_o know_v they_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a effect_n of_o those_o cause_n nor_o intrinsical_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n but_o accidental_a to_o they_o as_o such_o but_o yet_o so_o accidental_a that_o it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o they_o and_o so_o do_v necessary_o infer_v the_o conclusion_n 23._o testimony_n on_o which_o human_a faith_n rely_v be_v adequate_o divide_v into_o live_v and_o dead_a that_o be_v into_o such_o attester_n as_o speak_v viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o those_o that_o speak_v by_o write_v because_o there_o be_v no_o common_a or_o ordinary_a way_n but_o speech_n and_o write_a or_o print_v character_n by_o which_o man_n can_v relate_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o other_o or_o testify_v to_o they_o their_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n 24._o matter_n of_o fact_n do_v long_o a_o go_v if_o very_o concern_v to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o continue_v and_o that_o they_o be_v know_v at_o first_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o who_o live_v now_o by_o a_o delivery_n of_o they_o down_o from_o the_o forego_n age_n to_o the_o succeed_a one_o which_o continue_v testimony_n or_o delivery_n of_o they_o be_v call_v tradition_n for_o since_o the_o generality_n of_o first_o attester_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o they_o happen_v can_v not_o but_o know_v they_o and_o the_o continual_a concern_v of_o they_o can_v not_o but_o still_o prompt_a and_o provoke_v foregoer_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o to_o their_o descendants_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o those_o cause_n may_v still_o