the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n or_o a_o discourse_n prove_v by_o record_n and_o the_o best_a historian_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v ever_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o parliament_n by_o william_n petyt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n esq_n non_fw-la nulli_fw-la taedio_fw-la investigandae_fw-la veritatis_fw-la cullibet_fw-la opiniâ—â—_n potius_fw-la ignaâ—i_fw-la succambunt_fw-la quam_fw-la explorandâ_fw-la veritati_fw-la pertinaci_fw-la diligentiâ_fw-la perseverare_fw-la volunt_fw-la min._n foelix_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ericula_fw-la veritatis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d london_n print_v for_o f._n smith_n t._n bassett_n j._n wright_n r._n chiswell_n and_o s._n heyrick_n 1680._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o essex_n viscount_n maldon_n baron_n capell_n of_o hadham_n lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hertford_n one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy-council_n and_o first_o lord_n commissioner_n of_o his_o majesty_n treasury_n my_o lord_n there_o have_v be_v author_n of_o modern_a time_n who_o have_v in_o their_o write_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n publish_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o phrased_a be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o this_o nation_n before_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o and_o then_o introduce_v by_o rebellion_n a_o position_n when_o serious_o weigh_v equal_o wound_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n since_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a summons_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o parliament_n find_v upon_o record_n before_o that_o time_n after_o i_o have_v often_o consider_v so_o great_a a_o point_n and_o have_v often_o read_v of_o the_o freedom_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o no_o englishman_n can_v lose_v his_o right_n or_o property_n but_o by_o law_n the_o life_n and_o soul_n of_o this_o so_o famous_a and_o so_o excellent_o constitute_v government_n the_o best_a polity_n upon_o earth_n which_o when_o unite_v in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o prudent_a council_n make_v always_o the_o people_n happy_a at_o home_n in_o peace_n and_o the_o crown_n ever_o victorious_a abroad_o in_o war_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o take_v pain_n to_o search_v if_o matter_n thus_o represent_v to_o the_o high_a disadvantage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v true_a or_o false_a which_o i_o have_v industrious_o and_o impartial_o endeavour_v and_o hope_v with_o that_o clearness_n that_o will_v evidence_n to_o all_o unbiased_a judgement_n the_o unsoundness_n of_o those_o opinion_n when_o i_o have_v so_o do_v be_v unwilling_a my_o labour_n shall_v be_v to_o myself_o alone_o and_o not_o to_o those_o who_o search_v after_o knowledge_n in_o these_o matter_n to_o disabuse_v and_o prevent_v other_o from_o build_n upon_o such_o mistake_v and_o dangerous_a foundation_n i_o think_v it_o not_o unseasonable_a to_o publish_v this_o discourse_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o record_n cite_v but_o in_o my_o opinion_n equal_o assert_v the_o right_a of_o the_o peer_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o have_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o send_v it_o into_o the_o world_n under_o your_o lordship_n protection_n who_o i_o know_v to_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o truth_n to_o which_o all_o mankind_n ought_v to_o pay_v allegiance_n i_o shall_v have_v have_v great_a satisfaction_n if_o before_o it_o have_v be_v put_v to_o the_o press_n it_o may_v have_v receive_v your_o lordship_n judicious_a correction_n and_o approbation_n who_o knowledge_n and_o industry_n in_o venerable_a antiquity_n and_o all_o other_o useful_a learning_n be_v well_o know_v unto_o the_o world_n but_o this_o happiness_n i_o can_v not_o reasonable_o expect_v your_o lordship_n time_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o crown_n whereof_o your_o lordship_n be_v so_o eminent_a and_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n as_o your_o honourable_a employment_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v i_o most_o humble_o beg_v your_o lordship_n pardon_v for_o my_o presumption_n in_o this_o dedication_n which_o fault_n i_o hope_v may_v be_v extenuate_v by_o the_o relation_n i_o have_v to_o your_o lordship_n in_o my_o profession_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o other_o mean_n public_o to_o show_v my_o humble_a gratitude_n for_o the_o many_o favour_n your_o lordship_n have_v be_v please_v to_o confer_v upon_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a most_o faithful_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n w._n petyt_n the_o preface_n my_o principal_a design_n in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n be_v impartial_o to_o vindicate_v the_o just_a honour_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n from_o the_o calumny_n and_o reproach_n of_o some_o late_a author_n who_o have_v assert_v 1._o that_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o that_o great_a council_n viz._n the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v introduce_v and_o begin_v an._n 49_o h._n 3._o by_o rebellion_n 2._o that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o commons_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o share_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o to_o any_o communication_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n to_o discover_v and_o refute_v the_o unsoundness_n of_o the_o second_o position_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a i_o shall_v before_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o first_o consider_v the_o second_o and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o during_o the_o british_a saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v pars_fw-la essentialis_fw-la &_o constituens_fw-la a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena_n gemot_n commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o parliament_n in_o those_o age_n 1._o under_o the_o british_a government_n the_o briton_n call_v their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n kyfr-ythen_a 34._o then_o because_o their_o law_n be_v therein_o ordain_v and_o upon_o k._n lucius_n his_o letter_n to_o pope_n elutherius_n to_o send_v he_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o pope_n who_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o british_a polity_n write_v back_o to_o he_o habetis_fw-la penes_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d utramque_fw-la paginam_fw-la ex_fw-la illis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la vestri_fw-la sum_n legem_fw-la &_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la dei_fw-la potentia_fw-la vestrum_fw-la rege_fw-la britanniae_fw-la regnum_fw-la but_o what_o their_o law_n and_o particular_a government_n be_v be_v very_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n that_o scripta_fw-la patriae_fw-la as_o gildas_n say_v scriptorumve_fw-la monumenta_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aut_fw-la ignibus_fw-la hostium_fw-la exusta_fw-la aut_fw-la civium_fw-la exulum_fw-la class_n longius_fw-la deportata_fw-la non_fw-la comparent_fw-la the_o history_n of_o our_o country_n if_o there_o be_v any_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v be_v either_o burn_v by_o the_o enemy_n or_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o banish_a briton_n yet_o this_o be_v certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o 〈◊〉_d their_o elder_a time_n the_o people_n or_o freemen_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o their_o public_a council_n and_o government_n for_o dion_n cassius_n basiliae_fw-la or_o xipniline_n out_o of_o he_o in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n assure_v we_o apud_fw-la hos_fw-la i._n e._n britannos_fw-la populus_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la principatum_fw-la tenet_fw-la 2._o under_o the_o saxon_a government_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n bring_v with_o they_o their_o country_n law_n and_o government_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tacitus_n tell_v we_o de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quoque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractentur_fw-la after_o the_o saxon_a government_n become_v unite_v and_o fix_v under_o a_o sole_a christian_a monarch_n they_o still_o continue_v and_o keep_v their_o ancient_a wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n as_o now_o phrased_a wherein_o they_o make_v law_n and_o manage_v the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o platform_n of_o their_o ancestor_n many_o authority_n may_v be_v give_v to_o evidence_n this_o i_o will_v instance_n in_o three_o or_o four_o 1._o then_o we_o have_v that_o famous_a 126._o parliament_n summon_v by_o king_n ethelbert_n an._n 605._o which_o my_o author_n call_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 2._o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o
father_n william_n the_o first_o 3._o that_o the_o son_n as_o well_o as_o the_o father_n have_v several_a time_n solemn_o swear_v to_o the_o inviolable_a observance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n or_o of_o the_o saxon_a government_n 4._o king_n henry_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o norman_n that_o come_v in_o with_o his_o father_n no_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o english_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o do_v he_o call_v they_o vassal_n and_o slave_n but_o amici_n &_o fideles_fw-la mei_fw-la naturales_fw-la in_o they_o he_o fix_v his_o only_a hope_n and_o assurance_n both_o for_o their_o fidelity_n and_o courage_n and_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v as_o indeed_o they_o do_v preserve_v and_o defend_v his_o crown_n and_o life_n against_o the_o great_a power_n and_o policy_n of_o he_o and_o the_o kingdom_n most_o bloody_a enemy_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o invade_v both_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n it_o be_v then_o prudential_o and_o politic_o resolve_v unanimous_o in_o parliament_n not_o to_o permit_v or_o suffer_v the_o duke_n to_o land_n here_o but_o to_o fight_v he_o in_o his_o own_o country_n which_o the_o english_a then_o do_v forty_o year_n after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o at_o one_o battle_n not_o only_o total_o conquer_v and_o overthrow_v the_o norman_n but_o take_v robert_n their_o duke_n prisoner_n and_o thereby_o put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o danger_n and_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o in_o despite_n of_o the_o french_a power_n set_v the_o ducal_z crown_n of_o normandy_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o king_n henry_n a_o englishman_n and_o after_o robert_n have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n in_o prison_n at_o last_o to_o conclude_v the_o catastrophe_n of_o his_o unhappy_a life_n he_o have_v his_o eye_n burn_v out_o of_o his_o head_n and_o so_o by_o a_o sad_a fate_n leave_v all_o to_o the_o english_a king_n from_o all_o which_o authority_n and_o reason_n under_o correction_n it_o be_v sufficient_o evidence_v that_o in_o the_o british_a saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o phrase_v they_o have_v vote_n and_o a_o share_n in_o the_o make_n and_o enact_v of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n before_z and_o after_o the_o suppose_a conquest_n by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o have_v thus_o conclude_v my_o preface_n i_o shall_v now_o diligent_o apply_v myself_o to_o discuss_v that_o grand_a point_n touch_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o commons_o into_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v indeed_o the_o principal_a work_n i_o intend_v and_o be_v finish_v before_o this_o preface_n the_o difficulty_n of_o which_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v of_o but_o by_o those_o who_o have_v undertake_v subject_n of_o like_a intricacy_n for_o i_o have_v at_o a_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n of_o time_n and_o without_o any_o man_n assistance_n or_o help_n out_o of_o the_o dark_a and_o neglect_a path_n of_o antiquity_n endeavour_v to_o make_v truth_n public_a and_o general_a and_o with_o submission_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o i_o have_v rescue_v from_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o a_o dangerous_a grow_a error_n the_o just_a and_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o our_o ancestor_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o high_a moment_n and_o concern_v which_o be_v impartial_o debate_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n a_o subject_n whereof_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o knowledge_n no_o author_n hitherto_o have_v so_o particular_o treat_v a_o discourse_n wherein_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o several_a great_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o our_o age_n have_v in_o their_o work_n and_o write_n frequent_o publish_v and_o assert_v to_o the_o world_n this_o position_n as_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o lord_n compound_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n have_v their_o first_o birth_n and_o beginning_n by_o rebellion_n an._n 49_o h._n 3._o and_o that_o too_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n when_o the_o baron_n have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n as_o prisoner_n and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o name_n the_o consideration_n and_o consequent_n thereof_o raise_v in_o my_o mind_n a_o great_a desire_n serious_o and_o impartial_o to_o inquire_v into_o so_o important_a a_o point_n of_o antiquity_n and_o the_o better_a to_o satisfy_v both_o my_o own_o judgement_n and_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n i_o have_v run_v over_o many_o record_n and_o historian_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o print_n and_o manuscript_n but_o can_v find_v any_o authority_n or_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o colour_n to_o so_o harsh_a a_o assertion_n i_o shall_v therefore_o under_o a_o humble_a submission_n to_o so_o eminent_a antiquary_n endeavour_v to_o disprove_v this_o notion_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o by_o these_o follow_a argument_n 1._o from_o the_o claim_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 8_o e._n 2._o to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o all_o parliament_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n if_o so_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n grandfather_n to_o e._n 1._o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o 2._o from_o record_n a_o o_o 15_o o_o johannis_n regis_fw-la wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o so_o numerous_a then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v to_o give_v consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o suum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o short_o after_o meet_v at_o london_n convocatum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la and_o so_o within_o the_o express_a prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n 3._o from_o the_o solemn_a resolution_n and_o great_a judgement_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o against_o the_o pope_n that_o if_o king_n john_n have_v a_o o_o 14_o o_o of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v three_o year_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v do_v it_o sanz_o lour_v assent_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o void_a 4._o from_o several_a record_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la de_fw-fr annis_n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o 48_o h._n 3._o mention_v parliament_n then_o hold_v and_o their_o proceed_n in_o some_o of_o which_o the_o word_n commons_o be_v express_o mention_v as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n and_o magnate_v to_o be_v part_n of_o those_o parliament_n 5._o from_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 2_o h._n 5._o that_o famous_a prince_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n be_v ever_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o so_o consequent_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n annis_n 16_o 17_o johannis_n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o 48_o h._n 3._o all_o within_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n 6._o from_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v of_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o expression_n in_o record_n in_o 49_o 51_o 54_o h._n 3._o when_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o phrase_n of_o record_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 7._o from_o the_o defect_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o h._n 3._o and_o e._n 1._o and_o from_o the_o universal_a silence_n of_o all_o record_n and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n contemporary_a and_o succeed_a 49_o h._n 3._o till_o our_o day_n 8._o from_o the_o various_a opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n in_o and_o since_o h._n 8._o time_n who_o never_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o origine_fw-la nor_o be_v ever_o hear_v of_o till_o of_o late_a 9_o from_o compare_v of_o the_o ancient_a generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o ireland_n instance_a a_o of_o 38_o h._n 3._o with_o we_o in_o england_n wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v which_o be_v eleven_o year_n before_o the_o pretend_a beginning_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o england_n the_o first_o argument_n from_o the_o claim_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o e._n 2._o to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o all_o parliament_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n
intend_v that_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v then_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n shall_v go_v from_o county_n to_o county_n city_n to_o city_n borough_n to_o borough_n or_o as_o our_o churchwarden_n do_v from_o house_n to_o house_n rogare_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la the_o proper_a business_n of_o a_o parliament_n to_o desire_v and_o entreat_v for_o their_o counsel_n and_o aid_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n their_o own_o &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n sure_o that_o have_v be_v a_o employment_n fit_a for_o the_o wander_a jew_n or_o johannes_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la and_o such_o counsel_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a and_o various_a nature_n and_o both_o agree_v very_o ill_o with_o the_o word_n majori_fw-la festinatione_fw-la and_o urgency_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o writ_n let_v we_o then_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o effect_n and_o consequent_n of_o these_o writ_n and_o that_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o second_o observation_n king_n john_n begin_v his_o reign_n 6_o o_o affirmative_a aprilis_n the_o writ_n bear_v date_n 6_o o_o &_o 8_o o_o martii_fw-la which_o be_v the_o close_a of_o an._n 15_o o._n it_o may_v be_v the_o wind_n be_v very_a cross_n or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n the_o letter_n may_v not_o so_o speedy_o be_v bring_v over_o or_o publish_v here_o or_o after_o the_o summons_n there_o may_v be_v above_o forty_o day_n before_o they_o meet_v but_o sure_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n after_o that_o march_v be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v nicholaus_fw-la tusculanensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la 27._o &_o apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la legatus_fw-la per_fw-la nuntio_n memoratos_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la authenticum_fw-la acceperat_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la sed_fw-la quoniam_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o recessu_fw-la svo_fw-la ab_fw-la anglia_fw-it legato_n jam_fw-la dicto_fw-la &_o willielmo_n marescallo_n vice_n svas_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la negotio_fw-la commiserat_fw-la idem_fw-la legatus_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la londinensi_fw-la apud_fw-la sanctum_fw-la paulum_fw-la grande_fw-fr congregavit_fw-la concilium_fw-la ubi_fw-la congregatis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la 26._o comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la negotium_fw-la interdicti_fw-la the_o very_a business_n of_o the_o writ_n spectantibus_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la omnibus_fw-la formam_fw-la restitutionis_fw-la and_o the_o great_a selden_n the_o honour_n 587._o of_o the_o inner-temple_n or_o rather_o as_o the_o learned_a grotius_n honos_fw-la britanniae_fw-la to_o drive_v the_o nail_n home_o say_v but_o we_o know_v by_o what_o be_v already_o show_v that_o divers_a former_a parliament_n be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n mean_v before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la an._n 17_o joh._n though_o the_o law_n make_v in_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o in_o the_o year_n before_o the_o charter_n also_o which_o be_v an._n 16_o joh._n the_o author_n of_o eulogium_fw-la say_v that_o convocatum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la londoniis_fw-la praesidente_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la whereinis_fw-la per_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la illa_fw-la obligatio_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la domino_fw-la papae_fw-la fecerat_fw-la cum_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la &_o homagio_fw-la relaxatur_fw-la omnino_fw-la seven_o '_o die_v julii_n have_v thus_o prove_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o of_o king_n john_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v their_o summons_n to_o it_o which_o be_v remarkable_a by_o a_o writ_n particular_a and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n viz._n the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o will_v conclude_v this_o argument_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 4._o where_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n lord_n and_o commons_o that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n be_v he_o archbishop_n abbot_z prior_n earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n which_o shall_v have_v a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o if_o they_o do_v absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o he_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v from_o hence_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commonalty_n that_o be_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o the_o statute_n may_v seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o prescription_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n that_o say_v that_o they_o have_v send_v duos_fw-la comburgenses_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la do_v to_o every_o parliament_n totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la before_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n 2._o that_o the_o phrase_n of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o point_n of_o prescription_n and_o antiquity_n apply_v equal_o and_o without_o distinction_n or_o limitation_n as_o well_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o commons_z but_o if_o the_o first_o have_v of_o old_a time_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n write_v be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n it_o may_v in_o reason_n and_o prudence_n be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o have_v consent_v to_o have_v admit_v that_o summons_n to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commons_o be_v coeval_n with_o they_o nor_o will_v they_o have_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a act_n the_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o parliament_n 2_o h._n 5._o n._n 10._o that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n 3._o that_o if_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o to_o parliament_n they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v this_o branch_n plain_o agree_v 1._o with_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la write_v as_o m_n r_o selden_n say_v tempore_fw-la e._n 3._o that_o the_o first_o day_n the_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n shall_v be_v call_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o come_v they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o so_o m_n r_o prynn_n mistake_v in_o 3._o his_o animadversion_n when_o he_o say_v that_o no_o absent_a lord_n be_v fine_v before_o 31_o h._n 6._o 2._o it_o appear_v exit_fw-la vi_fw-la terminorum_fw-la of_o old_a time_n it_o have_v be_v so_o accustom_v to_o be_v do_v that_o this_o prescription_n may_v well_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o 16_o joh._n and_o long_o before_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 17_o of_o that_o king_n sai_z civitas_n london_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la by_o force_n and_o virtue_n of_o which_o word_n antiquas_fw-la their_o old_a or_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n not_o only_o confirm_v by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o william_n the_o first_o but_o use_v even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o before_o be_v in_o parliament_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o three_o argument_n from_o the_o solemn_a and_o great_a judgement_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o against_o the_o pope_n that_o if_o king_n john_n have_v an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v three_o year_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v do_v it_o sanz_o lour_v assent_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o void_a king_n john_n an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n 14._o make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n but_o anno_fw-la 40_o e._n 3._o the_o prelate_n 8._o duke_n count_n baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o 1._o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_n lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o coronation_n oath_n and_o if_o the_o pope_n attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o either_o have_v at_o the_o instance_n and_o solicitation_n of_o the_o nuncupatur_fw-la french_a king_n threaten_v to_o interdict_v or_o outlaw_n both_o king_n and_o kingdom_n they_o will_v oppose_v and_o resist_v he_o
ove_fw-la tout_fw-fr lour_v puissance_n the_o observation_n i_o shall_v make_v from_o this_o great_a judgement_n shall_v be_v two_o 1._o that_o above_o 300._o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o scruple_n or_o fancy_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n 552._o of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v not_o and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o to_o have_v assent_v to_o that_o king_n resignation_n an._n 14._o to_o make_v it_o legal_a and_o valid_a as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n 2._o if_o the_o commons_o have_v never_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o but_o that_o the_o king_n and_o great_a lord_n only_o make_v law_n and_o have_v a_o inherent_a power_n as_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a writer_n say_v to_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o basso_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la jure_fw-la repraesentationis_fw-la sure_o they_o will_v not_o have_v leave_v record_v to_o posterity_n so_o great_a a_o testimonial_a of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n than_o so_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o roll_n may_v it_o not_o then_o be_v admit_v they_o speak_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v a_o undisputable_a truth_n in_o diebus_fw-la illis_fw-la unless_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o great_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o age_n better_o understand_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n time_n and_o so_o upward_o above_o 460._o year_n since_o than_o the_o whole_a parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o the_o parliament_n of_o their_o grandfather_n time_n as_o be_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o indeed_o this_o famous_a resolution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o norman_a duke_n gain_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n harold_n answer_n to_o his_o ambassador_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o king_n oath_n to_o take_v the_o duke_n daughter_n to_o wife_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o crown_n for_o he_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la addebat_fw-la praesumptuosum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_fw-la conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la alienam_fw-la illi_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la juraverit_fw-la which_o be_v record_v by_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 3._o p._n 56._o l._n 24._o in_o vita_fw-la williemi_fw-fr i._n a_o author_n without_o all_o exception_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 1._o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a where_fw-mi and_o in_o who_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o england_n do_v reside_v there_o be_v but_o 33._o year_n from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_a duke_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o king_n and_o of_o this_o historian_n the_o learned_a balaeus_n give_v this_o eulogium_fw-la vir_fw-la erat_fw-la svo_fw-la seculo_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la genere_fw-la bonarum_fw-la literarum_fw-la plene_fw-la eruditissimus_fw-la &_o in_o eruendis_fw-la antiquitatibus_fw-la ingenio_fw-la diligentia_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la singularis_fw-la angliae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la nationis_fw-la studosissimus_fw-la illustrator_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n the_o annal_n of_o england_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o french_a king_n as_o duke_z of_o normandy_n to_o appear_v at_o his_o court_n and_o judicial_o to_o answer_v the_o pretend_a murder_n of_o arthur_n his_o nephew_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o hubert_z de_fw-fr burgo_n after_o earl_n of_o kent_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n nuntii_fw-la solemne_n &_o prudentes_fw-la be_v send_v to_o the_o french_a king_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n thus_o speak_v domine_fw-la 284._o rex_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la dux_n normanniae_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la vestram_fw-la venire_fw-la nisi_fw-la veniret_fw-la 61._o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la una_fw-la persona_fw-la sint_fw-la dux_n &_o rex_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la permitteret_fw-la aliquo_fw-la modo_fw-la baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la etsi_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la hoc_fw-la vellet_fw-la so_o careful_a be_v the_o baronage_n or_o parliament_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a right_n safety_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n an._n 3_o joh._n before_o any_o difference_n happen_v between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n anno_fw-la 29_o e._n 1._o the_o king_n send_v ambassador_n 1._o to_o the_o french_a king_n ut_fw-la quid_fw-la de_fw-la truga_fw-la de_fw-fr guerra_fw-mi &_o the_o pace_n deliberasset_fw-la nunciaret_fw-la and_o be_v answer_v se_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la sine_fw-la duodecim_fw-la paribus_fw-la qui_fw-la occupati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la circa_fw-la novam_fw-la guerram_fw-la tam_fw-la ardua_fw-la tractare_fw-la but_o that_o he_o expect_v their_o come_n in_o fifteen_o day_n quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la ipsis_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la they_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v not_o determine_v thereof_o inconsultis_fw-la secum_fw-la scotis_n whereupon_o those_o ambassador_n return_v igitur_fw-la convocato_fw-la parliamento_fw-la londoniis_fw-la recitatisque_fw-la frustratoriis_fw-la dilationibus_fw-la &_o falsis_fw-la machinationibus_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la ambassador_n be_v again_o send_v and_o receive_v this_o answer_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la adveniret_fw-la faciemus_fw-la personaliter_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la duos_fw-la reges_fw-la de_fw-la optima_fw-la pace_fw-la conveniretur_fw-la whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n aliud_fw-la habuit_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la talia_fw-la recitata_fw-la displicuerunt_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concilio_n or_o parliament_n definitum_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la pro_fw-la aliquo_fw-la mandato_fw-la vel_fw-la suggestionibus_fw-la ab_fw-la anglia_fw-it egredi_fw-la non_fw-la debere_fw-la from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o reader_n may_v easy_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o weighty_a and_o great_a affair_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n both_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o after_o be_v by_o a_o fundamental_a principle_n and_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o be_v consult_v of_o and_o resolve_v in_o the_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la or_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o particular_a person_n or_o order_n of_o man_n do_v take_v upon_o they_o such_o power_n sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o h._n 3._o and_o his_o council_n well_o know_v when_o he_o tell_v otto_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n quod_fw-la solus_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la definire_fw-la nec_fw-la 3._o debuit_fw-la negotium_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la cleriâ—os_fw-la &_o laiâ—os_fw-la generaliter_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la tangebat_fw-la which_o e._n 1_o and_o his_o council_n in_o the_o 23_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n thus_o confirm_v quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la dorso_fw-la approbetur_fw-la 2._o that_o the_o generalis_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventus_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la or_o saxon_a wittena_n gemott_n the_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o king_n john_n time_n and_o the_o concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliamentum_fw-la in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1._o be_v verba_fw-la synonyma_fw-la differ_v in_o phrase_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o assembly_n in_o substance_n the_o four_o argument_n from_o several_a record_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la de_fw-la annis_n 28_o 32_o 3â—_n 42_o &_o 48_o h._n 3._o mention_v parliament_n then_o hold_v and_o their_o proceed_n in_o some_o of_o which_o 〈…〉_z the_o word_n commons_o be_v express_o mention_v as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n &_o magnate_n to_o be_v part_n of_o those_o parliament_n the_o general_a council_n at_o runningmead_n 〈◊〉_d hold_v 17_o jâ—â—_n be_v 29._o year_n after_o and_o 20._o year_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o call_v parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-mi runeme_v memorandum_n quod_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la a_o 〈…〉_z die_v pasch._n in_o tres_fw-la septimanas_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la h._n 3._o 28._o london_n celebrato_fw-la negotium_fw-la crucis_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it una_fw-la cum_fw-la collectione_n decimae_fw-la benefiâ—â—â—rum_fw-la ecclesiasâ—â—corum_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o subsidium_fw-la terrae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la à _fw-la sede_fw-la apostolica_fw-la deputat_fw-la be_v treat_v of_o a_o utlary_n against_o william_n de_fw-fr dorso_fw-la hastingcott_n be_v reverse_v and_o he_o restore_v to_o all_o he_o have_v lose_v thereby_o and_o this_o do_v coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la parliamento_fw-la inter_fw-la communia_fw-la hilar._n 17_o e._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d penes_fw-la rememoratorem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o scaccario_fw-la it_o appear_v in_o a_o plea_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prior_n of_o coventry_n that_o 29_o &_o 32_o h._n 3._o quaedam_fw-la subsidia_fw-la per_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la spontanea_fw-la &_o mera_fw-fr voluntate_fw-la regi_fw-la concessa_fw-la or_o as_o bracton_n phrase_v 37._o it_o exit_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la totius_fw-la regui_fw-la be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o magnates_n &_o communitas_fw-la towards_o the_o marry_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n and_o also_o the_o king_n sister_n to_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o
two_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n do_v not_o sit_v with_o the_o lord_n the_o prelate_n have_v so_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o vote_n be_v very_o unkind_a to_o the_o crown_n they_o make_v not_o use_v of_o their_o overbalance_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n then_o say_v to_o be_v in_o custody_n 3._o nor_o have_v i_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o reason_n give_v why_o when_o the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v at_o this_o parliament_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o to_o be_v settle_v after_o so_o long_a and_o bloody_a a_o war_n the_o baron_n be_v then_o so_o victorious_a and_o numerous_a as_o our_o modern_a author_n say_v they_o will_v by_o their_o absence_n hazard_n and_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o by_o entrust_v the_o prelate_n and_o commons_o with_o the_o overbalance_n many_o remarkable_a observation_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o this_o record_n both_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o but_o i_o will_v now_o pass_v to_o my_o eight_o argument_n conclude_v this_o with_o m_n r_o pryâ—â—s_n opinion_n tower_n how_o the_o parliament_n roll_v before_o e._n 3._o come_v to_o be_v lose_v or_o destroy_v i_o will_v use_v his_o own_o word_n that_o there_o be_v no_o record_n at_o all_o in_o the_o tower_n except_o some_o few_o ancient_a charter_n or_o exemplification_n of_o they_o ancient_a than_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n john_n all_o the_o rest_n from_o william_n the_o first_o his_o reign_n till_o then_o except_o some_o few_o in_o the_o exchequer_n not_o relate_v to_o parliament_n be_v utter_o lose_v the_o first_o parliament_n roll_v yet_o remain_v be_v these_o 5_o 8_o 9_o and_o 19_o the_o of_o king_n e._n 2._o the_o statute_n roll_v of_o h._n 3._o e._n 1._o e._n 2._o contain_v some_o statute_n make_v in_o their_o reign_n a_o parchment_n book_n of_o some_o plea_n in_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n e._n 1._o and_o 2._o and_o a_o few_o bundle_n of_o petition_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 6_o e._n 1._o and_o 1_o 2_o 3_o and_o 4_o e._n 3._o none_o of_o which_o be_v here_o abridge_v viz._n in_o the_o abridgement_n by_o he_o publish_v only_o i_o find_v in_o the_o clause_n patent_n charter_n and_o fine_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n h._n 3._o e._n 1_o and_o 2._o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o some_o memorial_n of_o act_n ordinance_n make_v and_o aid_n subsidy_n dime_n quindism_n custom_n grant_v in_o parliament_n hold_v during_o their_o reign_n the_o roll_n whereof_o be_v perish_v and_o quite_o lose_v either_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o record_n keeper_n or_o the_o injury_n iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n during_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n 3._o and_o betwixt_o the_o two_o house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n i._o for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a the_o prevail_a king_n party_n by_o their_o instrument_n embezzle_v suppress_v such_o parliamentary_a record_n and_o proceed_n as_o make_v most_o against_o their_o interest_n power_n prerogatives_n title_n or_o through_o the_o default_n of_o our_o king_n great_a officer_n and_o attorney_n who_o send_v for_o the_o parliament_n roll_v out_o of_o the_o tower_n upon_o special_a occasion_n never_o return_v they_o again_o for_o reason_n best_o know_v to_o themselves_o by_o mean_n whereof_o those_o parliament_n roll_v be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v their_o defect_n must_v be_v supply_v only_o out_o of_o such_o fragment_n and_o memorial_n of_o they_o as_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o other_o record_n and_o ancient_a historian_n especial_o in_o matthew_n paris_n matthew_n westm._n william_n of_o malmesbury_n henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n roger_n de_fw-fr hoveden_n simeon_n dunelmensis_n the_o chronicle_n of_o brompton_n radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la ranulphus_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la and_o thomas_n of_o walsingham_n who_o give_v we_o some_o account_n of_o their_o proceed_n and_o transaction_n which_o else_o have_v be_v utter_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n as_o well_o as_o their_o roll_n wherein_o they_o be_v at_o large_a record_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v yet_o extant_a the_o eight_o argument_n from_o the_o various_a opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n in_o and_o since_o h._n 8._o who_o never_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o origine_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o ever_o hear_v of_o till_o of_o late_a it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o set_v down_o the_o various_a and_o wander_a opinion_n and_o reason_n of_o our_o modern_a author_n in_o english_a touch_v the_o beginning_n of_o our_o parliament_n and_o constituent_a part_n thereof_o especial_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o call_v and_o comprehend_v in_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n i_o will_v but_o instance_n in_o a_o few_o eminent_a author_n and_o leave_v the_o crowd_n behind_o the_o great_a antiquary_n mr._n lamberd_v hold_n that_o they_o be_v before_o 246._o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o there_o be_v other_o learned_a man_n who_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o that_o as_o a_o great_a truth_n mr._n prynn_n say_v by_o all_o the_o ancient_a gloss._n precedent_n before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o all_o our_o pristine_a synod_n and_o council_n be_v nought_o else_o but_o parliament_n that_o our_o king_n nobles_z senators_z aldermen_z wiseman_n knight_n and_o commons_o be_v usual_o present_a and_o vote_v in_o they_o as_o member_n and_o judge_n polydore_v virgil_n hollinshead_n speed_n and_o martin_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v at_o a_o parliament_n at_o salisbury_n an._n 16_o h._n 1._o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o parliament_n think_v it_o be_v anno_fw-la 18_o h._n 1._o my_o lord_n bacon_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o 1621._o the_o duke_n of_o buckingham_n ask_v where_o be_v the_o commons_o before_o h._n 1._o give_v they_o authority_n to_o meet_v in_o parliament_n dr._n heylin_n find_v another_o beginning_n 〈…〉_z and_o say_v that_o h._n 2._o who_o be_v duke_n of_o anjou_n be_v the_o first_o institutor_n of_o our_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v a_o anjovian_a he_o learn_v in_o france_n but_o i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o of_o those_o ever_o suppose_a the_o commons_o be_v first_o introduce_v in_o parliament_n 49_o h._n 3._o by_o rebellion_n nor_o be_v this_o opinion_n entertain_v by_o any_o author_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o anno_fw-la 1529._o 21_o h._n 8._o for_o in_o a_o answer_n of_o that_o great_a and_o excellent_a person_n sir_n thomas_n more_o lord_n 296._o chancellor_n of_o england_n in_o his_o supplication_n of_o soul_n against_o the_o supplication_n of_o beggar_n discourse_v about_o king_n john_n make_v in_o the_o 14_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o three_o year_n before_o his_o grant_v magna_n charta_fw-la the_o realm_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n declare_v his_o judgement_n without_o any_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n and_o therein_o as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o universal_a tradition_n and_o belief_n of_o all_o learned_a man_n of_o that_o and_o precedent_a time_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n make_v the_o parliament_n in_o the_o age_n of_o king_n john_n and_o that_o never_o can_v any_o king_n of_o england_n give_v away_o the_o realm_n to_o the_o pope_n or_o make_v the_o land_n tributary_n without_o their_o grant_n who_o book_n and_o so_o his_o opinion_n we_o find_v approve_v of_o and_o publish_v by_o a_o grave_n and_o learned_a judge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mr._n justice_n 〈◊〉_d rastall_a and_o dedicate_v to_o queen_n mary_n herself_o an._n 1557._o not_o much_o above_o a_o century_n ago_o the_o nine_o argument_n from_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o ancient_a generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o ireland_n instance_a an._n 38_o h._n 3._o with_o we_o in_o england_n wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v which_o be_v eleven_o year_n before_o the_o pretend_a beginning_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o as_o great_a a_o right_n and_o privilege_n sure_o be_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o english_a subject_n as_o be_v to_o the_o irish_a before_o 49_o h._n 3._o and_o if_o that_o be_v admit_v and_o that_o their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n have_v its_o platform_n from_o we_o as_o i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o that_o have_v consider_v the_o history_n and_o record_n touch_v that_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o two_o ensue_a record_n an._n 38_o h._n 3._o clear_o evince_v that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n that_o king_n be_v in_o partibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d transmarinis_fw-la and_o the_o queen_n be_v leave_v regent_n