March Marr and Garioth Lord of Annandale and Mann was out-law'd by his brother James the 3. and after many struglings with the world and its troubles in the end as he stood by to see a Tournament at Paris he happen'd to be wounded by a splinter of a broken Lance and so died His son John the 4th Duke of Albany Regent likewise and made Guardian to K. James the 5. being charm'd with the pleasures of the French Court as having married a daughter and coheir of John Earl of Auvergne and Lauragueze died there without issue Whom out of respect and deference to the bloud Royal of Scotland Francis the 1. King of France honour'd so far as to allow him a place in France between the Archbishop of Longres Tily and the Duke of Alencon Peers of the Realm After his death there was no Duke of Albany till Queen Mary 11 In our memory conferr'd this honour upon Henry Lord Darley whom some few days after she made her Husband and K. James the 6. granted the same to his second son Charles an Infant now Duke of York These Parts are inhabited by a sort of people barbarous warlike and very mischievous commonly called Highland-men Highland-men who being the true race of the antient Scots speak Irish and call themselves Albinnich People they are of firm and compact bodies of great strength swift of foot high minded born as it were for the exercises of War or rather of robberies and desperately bent upon revenge They wear after the manner of the Irish †Plaids strip'd Mantles of divers colours with their hair thick and long living by hunting fishing fowling and stealing In war their armour is an iron head-piece and a coat of Mail their arms a bow barbed arrows and a broad back-sword And being divided into Families which they call Clanns what with plundering and murdering they commit such barbarous outrages Parliam 1581. that their savage cruelty hath made this Law necessary That if one of any Clann hath committed a trespass whoever of that Clann chances to be taken shall repair the damage or suffer death 12 Whereas the whole Clan commonly beareth feud for any hurt receiv'd by any one member thereof by excution of Laws order of Justice or otherwise PERTHSHIRE OUT of the very bosom of the Mountains of Albany issues the Tay The River Tay. the greatest river in all Scotland and rolls along thro' the fields till widening it self into a Lake full of Islands it there restrains its course After this kept within banks it waters Perth a large plentiful and rich country and receives the Amund a little River coming out of Athol This Athol Athâ—l to make a little digression is infamous for Witches but a country fruitful enough having woody valleys where once the Caledonian Forest The Caledâ—nian Forest dreadful for its dark intricate windings for its denns of bears and its huge wild thick-maned bulls extended it self in former ages far and near in these parts As for the places herein they are of little account but the Earls are very memorable Thomas a younger son of Rolland of Galloway was in his Wife 's right Earl of Athol Earls of Athol whose son Patrick was murder'd at Hadington by the Bissets his Rivals and they immediately set the house on fire Chronicon Mailrâ—ss that it might be supposed he perished casually in the flames In the Earldom succeeded David Hastings who had married Patrick's Aunt by the mother's side whose son that David sirnamed of Strathbogy may seem to have been who a little after in the Reign of Hen. 3. of England was Earl of Athol married one of the daughters and heirs of Richard base son to King John of England and had a very noble Estate with her in England She bore him two sons John Earl of Athol who being very unsettled in his allegiance was hanged on a Gallows fifty foot high and David Earl of Athol who by a marriage with one of the daughters and heirs of John Comin of Badzenoth by one of the heirs of Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroke got a mighty estate He had a son David who under King Edw. 2. was sometimes summoned to Parliament amongst the English Earls and being made under King Edward Baliol Lieutenant-General of Scotland was conquer'd by the valour of Andrew Murray and slain in a battle in Kelblen Forest in the year 1335. His son David had only two young daughters Elizabeth married to Tho. Percy from whom the Barons de Burrough fetch their original and Philippa married to Sir Tho. Halsham an English Knight Then fell the title of Athol to that Walter Stewart son to King Robert 2. who barbarously murder'd James 1. King of Scotland and was agreeably punished for that execrable piece of cruelty insomuch that Aeneas Sylvius then Pope Eugenius the 4th's Nuncio in Scotland is reported to have said That he could not tell whether he should give them greater commendations that revenged the King's death or punish them with a sharper censure of condemnation that polluted themsâ—lves with so heinous a Parricide After an interval of some few years this honour was granted to John Stewart of the house of Lorne son of James sirnamed the Black Knight by Joan the widow of King James 1. daughter of John Earl of Somerset and ‡ Nepti neice to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster whose Posterity enjoy it at this day a 'T is now a Marquisate in the Family of Murray Now the Tay by the Influx of the Almund being enlarged makes for Dunkell Dunkeld adorned by King David with an Episcopal See This upon account of the signification is lookt upon by most as a town of the Caledonians and they interpret it The hill of Hazles who will have it take the name from the Hazles of the Caledonian Forest * See â—he Additions Bâ—r h. From hence the Tay takes its course by the ruins of Berth a little desolate City not forgetting what calamity it brought upon it in times past when with an impetuous torrent it overflow'd the pasture and corn grounds destroyed all the labours of the Husbandman and hurried headlong with this poor city a Royal infant and all the Inhabitants Instead whereof King William built Perth Perth much better situated which presently grew so rich that Necham who lived in that age made this distick upon it Transis ample Tai per rura per oppida per Perth Regnum sustentant istius urbis opes Great Tay through Perth through towns through country flies Perth the whole Kingdom with her wealth supplies But posterity hath named it from a Church founded in honour of St. John St. John's town St. Jâ—hns Town And the English in the heat of the war between the Bruses and the Baliols fortified it with great Bulwarks which the Scots afterwards mostly demolished It is nevertheless a neat little City pleasantly seated between two Greens
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â— c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univâ—rsity b gun and foundâ—d in 1591 May 13. S ud n s â—dmiâ—ted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pâ—rsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curâ—â— Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâ—stalâ— where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâ—qâ—â—â—â— of Dubâ—â—â— and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
is uncertain ‖ Phillpot's Villare Cant p 203. Some would have it to be the Camp which Caesar made when the Britains gave him the last battle with their united forces just before he past the Thames in pursuit of Cassivelaun But I can scarce believe either that Caesar had time to cast up such a work or that he would not have mentioned a thing so considerable in his Commentaries Much rather should I think it if at all by the Romans to have been done some time after when they had reduc'd the Nation into a Province and made them stations at certain distances for the better quartering their Armies and that this is what remains of the old Noviomagus which must be hereabout betwixt London and Maidstone I know it is a little too far distant from London and so likewise from Maidstone the old Vagniacae the stations on each hand of it being about 12 miles from London in a straight line and 20 at least from Maidstone whereas in the Itinerary it is but 10 and 18. Yet it much better agrees with the situation of Noviomagus than Woodcot in Surrey * See Camden in Surrey where our Author places it for tho' that be indeed but 10 miles from London as the Irinerary sets it yet it is at least 30 from Maidstone which is so quite out of all distance that for this and other reasons I rather place it here there being no other footsteps hereabout of any such matter that will answer it better Somewhat lower near this River lyes Bromley Bromley remarkable not only for the Bishop of Rochester's Palace but for a College or Hospital of late there erected temp Car. 2. by the right Reverend Father in God Dr. John Warner late Lord Bishop of Rochester for the maintenance of 20 poor Ministers widows with the allowance of 20 l. per An. to each and fifty to their Chaplain which is the first of this kind ever erected in England and was the Pattern whereby the right Reverend Fathers George Lord Bishop of Winchester and Seth Lord Bishop of Salisbury both proceeded who have since done the like at their respective Sees d Near the place where it falls into the Thames lyes Depford Depford the Seat of the ancient Barons Mamignot or Mamigniot whereof Walkelin the Son of Gislebert being Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports held Dover Castle as our Author relates it against King Stephen whereas ‖ Peramb p. 125. Mr. Lambard says he deliver'd it to him and for that reason after the King's death abandon'd the charge and fled into Normandy who dying without issue by marriage of his Sister it came to the Sayes from whom it receiv'd the name of Sayes-Court which it still retains tho' now it be enjoy'd by the ancient family of the Evelyns the most ingenious Gentleman John Evelyn Esq who has oblig'd the world with so many learned pieces now residing upon it e Within sight of Depford stands the Honour of Greenwich Greenwich finish't by King Henry 8. and honour'd with the birth of Queen Mary as well as of Queen Elizabeth King Edward 6. also died there but that house is in a manner now quite demolish't and another begun in the place by King Charles 2. which stands imperfect King Henry 7. bestowed much cost upon the Tower or Castle and so did Hen. Howard Earl of Northampton but this is also now quite ras'd and a Royal Observatory set in the place by King Charles 2. furnish't with all sorts of Mathematical Instruments fit for Astronomical Observations such as Clocks Telescopes Quadrants and a deep dry well for observation of the Stars in the day time all which are most diligently and skilfully us'd by the learned Mr. Flamsted the King's Mathematician The same Earl of Northampton also built an Hospital here endowing it with lands for the maintenance of a Governour and 20 poor men he built likewise two others in Shropshire and Norfolk as appears by the Epitaph on his magnificent tomb in the south isle of the Church in Dover Castle where he lies not interr'd but in a marble coffin that is supported above the marble table of his tomb about 5 foot from the ground The Epitaph is this Henricus Howardus Henrici Comitis Surriae filius Thomae secundi Norfolciae Ducis Nepos Thomae tertii Frater Comes Northamptoniae Baro Howard de Marnhill privati Sigilli Custos Castri Durovernensis Constabularius quinque Portuum Custos Cancellarius Constabularius Jacobo magnae Britanniae Regi ab intimis Consiliis Ordinis Periscelidis Eques auratus Academiae Cantabrigiensis Cancellarius inter Nobiles literatissimus in spem resurgendi in Christo hic conditur Obiit 15º die Junii MDCXIV Inclytus hic Comes tria Hospitalia fundavit latifundiis ditavit unum Greenwici in Cantio in quo xx egeni Praefectus Alterum Cluni in Comitatu Salopiae in quo xii egeni cum Praefecto Tertium ad Castrum Rising in Com. Norfolciae in quo 12 pauperculae cum Gubernatrice in perpetuum aluntur The latter part whereof runs thus in English This renowned Earl founded three Hospitals and endow'd them with Lands one at Greenwich in Kent in which a Governour and 20 poor men another at Clun in Shropshire in which a Governour and 12 poor men a third at the Castle of Rising in Norfolk in which a Governess with 12 poor women are maintained for ever f Below Greenwich our Author tells us is great store of Cochlearia or Scurvygrass Scurvy-grass which as I am inform'd by Mr. Ray is not Cochlearia rotundifolia sive Batavorum which we call Garden-Scurvygrass tho' that also be found in many places on our coasts and on some mountains in the midland but Cochlearia Britannica or Sea-Scurvygrass and so cannot be the Britannica of Pliny tho' it may have the same virtues What the true Britannica of Pliny and the Ancients is Abraham Muntingius thinks he has found out He makes it to be the great water-dock Hydrolapathum maximum Ger. Park g The next river the Thames receives out of Kent is that call'd Darent which passes by Sevenoke Sevenoke at some distance remarkable only for a Lord Mayor of that name who gratefully built an Hospital and School there and for the defeat of Sir Humphry Stafford by Jack Cade and his followers whom the King sent against them h Then it goes immediately to Otford Otford famous not only for the battel betwixt the Saxons and Danes mention'd by our Author but for another long before betwixt the Saxons themselves wherein Offa King of the Mercians so compleatly subdu'd Ealhmund King of Kent and his whole Country An. 773 that he endeavour'd to transferr as it were in triumph the Archiepiscopal Chair into his own dominions which he effected so far that he got Lichfield exempted from the jurisdiction of Canterbury obtaining a Pall for it of Pope Adrian 1. An. 766. the Sees of
Burrill is single-trench'd and seems to have been ruin'd before fully finish'd Within the bank it contains 20 acres of arable land but on the west and south sides there is no bank nor trench which probably was occasion'd by the steep Meres that would not give leave to draw them The New-merch or de novo mercatu mention'd by our Author came in with the Conquerour but had only two daughters Hawys and Isabel as Sir William Dugdale in his Baronage has told us Mr. Camden's mistake in making three seems occasion'd by the elder being marry'd first to John Botereaux and afterwards to Nicholas de Moels which two he says marry'd two of the daughters This Deorham from Ralph Russel descended to Sir Gilbert Dennys who marry'd the heiress of that family thence to the Winters whose heiress marry'd to William Blathwayt Esq the present possessor he hath built here a stately new fabrick in the room of the old one Not far from hence lyeth Great Badminton Great Bâ—minton a seat belonging to his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort which having been made his Country-residence since the demolishment of Rayland Castle is so adorn'd with stately additions to the house large parks neat and spacious gardens variety of fountains walks avenues Paddocks and other contrivances for recreation and pleasure as to make it justly esteem'd one of the most complete seats in the kingdom all which is owing to the care judgment and expence of the present Duke But here we must not omit Chipping-Sodbury Chippinâ—-Sodbury a market-town below the hills which hath a Free-school and was govern'd by a Bailiff but about 1681. 't was made a Corporation with a Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses which was suppressed by the Proclamation of K. James 1688. Next is Wotton-under-edge Wotton-under-eâ— famous for Cloathing where is a noble Free-school erected by Catherine relict of Thomas Lord Berkley in the year 1385. an Alms-house by Hugh Perry Alderman of London in 1632. which cost 1000 l. and the like sum was given by Sir Jonathan Daws late Sheriff of London for the relief of the poor w In this bottom lyeth Dursly Dursâ—y a market-town famous for Cloathing Kingeswood Abbey which our Author mentions is by all writers plac'd in Glocestershire whereas the whole Parish is really in the County of Wilts under the power of their Sheriffs and Justices but within the Diocese of Glocester It was founded by William Berkley 1139. thence removed to Tetbury and at last fix'd here till the Dissolution x Above the hills is Beverston Beverston Castle which formerly belong'd to the Berkleys but is now in the possession of Sir William Hicks Baronet Beyond which lyeth Tetbury where is a great market for yarn and a Free-school and Alms-house by the bounty of Sir William Romney a native of the place It belong'd to the Berkleys but they sold their right to the inhabitants who now enjoy the tolls and profits of the markets and fairs y In Coteswold near Norlich or North-Leach at a village call'd Farmington Aubr MS. is an exceeding large Roman camp nam'd Norbury Norbury 850 paces long and 473 broad The Works are but single and not very high 't is now a corn-field and not far from it westward there is a barrow In the same Would is Painswick-Parish about 5 miles from Glocester †wherein is Kimsbury-Castle Kimsbury-Castle exceeding high Ibid. on the north-side it has a vast precipice and on the other sides stupendous Works From hence is a most lovely prospect over the Vale to Malvern-hills to Shropshire Worcestershire Herefordshire and Monmouthshire z In the north part of the County is Camden â—amden a market-town famous for Stockings It gave the title of Viscount to Sir Baptist Hicks 4 Car. 1. who was a great benefactor to this place by erecting an Alms-house rebuilding the market-place and annexing the Impropriation of Winfryth in Dorsetshire for the augmentation of the Vicaridge He built here a curious house near the Church which was burnt in the late Civil Wars lest it should be a garrison for the Parliament and lyes bury'd in the south I le of the Church which is adorn'd with such noble monuments of marble as equal if not exceed most in England He gave in his life-time ten thousand pounds to charitable uses as his Epitaph mentions and leaving only two daughters the honour descended to my Lord Noel by marrying the eldest of them whose posterity are now Earls of Gainsburrow The Weston mention'd by our Author near this place is not that where Ralph Sheldon built his house for he had no land there but Weston in the parish of Long-Compton in Warwickshire of which place he was then Lord as his posterity are to this day Beyond Camden on a rising ground is Ebburton where the Lord Chancellour Fortescue lies buried his monument was not erected till the year 1677. aa Next is Hales-Abbey which was begun in the year 1246. and when 't was dedicated the King Queen and Court were all present at the solemnity There are now but small remains of it only a neat cloyster the rest being turn'd into a fair house now in the possession of William Lord Tracy of Toddington two miles off where he has a stately house the seat of his Ancestors Alexander de Hales mention'd by our Author lies bury'd in the Cordeliers Church in Paris and if his Epitaph says true dy'd 1245. a year before this Abbey was begun so that I do not see how he could have his education here bb Not far from hence is Winchcomb Wâ—nchcomb where are scarce any ruins visible either of the Abbey or of that which was call'd Ivy-Castle or of St. Nicholas Church that stood in the east part of the town The inhabitants made planting of Tobacco their chief business which turn'd to good account till restrain'd by the 12 Car. 2. they decay'd by little and little and are now generally poor cc A little lower lies Brimpsfield Brimpsfield which was formerly a place of some repute for we find that Lionel Duke of Clarence had a Charter for a weekly market here on Tuesdays and a Fair on the Eve of Corpus Christi here was also a Priory and a Castle but both are vanish'd John Gifford Lord of this place founded Glocester-hall in Oxon. for the Monks of Glocester dd On the edge of Oxfordshire is Stow Stow. a great market where as the common observation goes they have but one element viz. Air there being neither wood common field nor water belonging to the town It hath an Alms-house a Free school and a multitude of poor Here in the year 1645. March 21. the forces of King Charles 1. being over-power'd were routed by the Parliament-Army ee Next is North leach Northleach a market-town with a neat Church Here is a good Grammar-school founded by Hugh Westwood Esq who as 't is commonly reported came afterwards to be low in the world and desiring
ever born When e're thy lofty towers thy stately wall And all thy glories my glad thoughts recall My ravish'd soul still swells with full delight And still my absent eyes admire the grateful sight Fame that 's all tongue and would if silent dye Of thee her greatest theme nor dares nor needs to lye And another in a Poëtical vein penn'd this Haec Urbs illa potens cui tres tria dona ministrant Bacchus Apollo Ceres pocula carmen ador Haec Urbs illa potens quam Juno Minerva Diana Mercibus arce feris ditat adornat alit A place where Ceres Phoebus Bacchus joyn Their three great gifts Corn Poetry and Wine Which Pallas Juno and chast hunting Maid With buildings goods and beasts adorn enrich and feed But my friend the famous John Jonston of Aberdeen Professor of Divinity in the Royal University of St. Andrew's has manag'd the subject more soberly Urbs Augusta cui coelúmque solúmque salúmque Cuique favent cunctis cuncta elementa bonis Mitius haud usquà m coelum est uberrima Tellus Fundit inexhausti germina laeta soli Et pater Oceanus Tamisino gurgite mistus Convehit immensas totius orbis opes Regali cultu sedes clarissima Regum Gentis praesidium cor anima atque oculus Gens antiqua potens virtute robore belli Artium omnigenûm nobilitata opibus Singula contemplare animo attentúsque tuere Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris esse caput Renown'd Augusta that sea earth and sky And all the various elements supply No peaceful climate breaths a softer air No fertile grounds with happier plenty bear Old Ocean with great Thames his eldest son Makes all the riches of the world her own The ever famous seat of Britain's Prince The nation's eye heart spirit and defence The men for ancient valour ever known Nor arts and riches gain them less renown In short when all her glories are survey'd It must with wonder still at last be said She makes a world her self or is the world 's great head But these matters with others of this kind are handl'd more at large and with more accuracy by John Stow a Citizen of London and a famous Chronicler in his Survey of London but lately publisht And so I will take leave of my dear native place after I have observ'd that the Latitude of it is 51 Degrees 34 Minutes b Our modern Mathematicians will only allow it 32 minutes and the Longitude 23 Degrees and 25 Minutes that * Orpheus's â—arp Fidicula of the nature of Venus and Mercury is the Topick Star which glances upon the Horizon but never sets and that the Dragon's-head is lookt upon by Astrologers as the Vertical Radcliff The Thames leaving London waters Redcliff a neat little Town inhabited by Sea-men and so call'd from the red cliff Next after it has took a great winding it receives the river Lea the Eastern bound of this County 69 When it hath collected his divided stream and cherished fruitful Marish-meadows which yet has nothing situate upon it belonging to this shire that 's worth our notice For Aedelmton Edmonton Waltham-Cross has nothing remarkable but the name deriv'd from nobility nor Waltham but a Cross built by King Edward the first for the funeral pomp of Queen Eleanor from which it has part of the name Only there is Enfield Enfield-chase a Royal seat built by Thomas Lovel Knight of the Garter and Privy-Councellor to King Henry the seventh 70 And Durance neighbour thereto a house of the Wrothes of ancient name in this County as one may infer from the Arms. Near which is a place cloath'd with green trees and famous for Deeâ—-hunting Enfield-chace formerly the possession of the Magnavils Earls of Essex then of the Bohuns their Successors but now belongs to the Dutchy of Lancaster ever since Henry the fourth King of England marry'd a Daughter and Co-heir of the last Humfrey Bohun And almost in the middle of this Chace there are still the ruins and rubbish of an ancient house which the common people from tradition affirm to have belong'd to the Magnavils Earls of Essex 71 As for the the title of Middlesex the Kings of England have vouchsafed it to none neither Duke Marquess Earl or Baron Towards the north bounds of Middlesex a Military way of the Romans commonly call'd Watlingstreet enters this County coming straight along from the old Verulam through Hamsted-heath from which one has a curious prospect of a most beautiful City and a most pleasant Country Then not where the Road lies now through Highgate for that as is before observ'd was open'd only obout 300 years ago by permission of the Bishop of London but that more ancient one as appears by the old Charters of Edward the Confessor pass'd along near Edgeworth Edgeworth a place of no great antiquity so on to Hendon Hendon which Archbishop Dunstan a man born for promoting the interest of Monkery purchas'd for a few Bizantine pieces of gold and gave to the Monks of St. Peter's in Westminster These Bizantini aurei were Imperial money coyn'd at Bizantium or Constantinople by the Grecian Emperors but what the value of it was I know not There was also a sort of silver-money call'd simply Bizantii and Bizantini Bizantine Coins which as I have observ'd here and there in ancient Records were valu'd at two shillings But leaving those matters to the search of others I will go forward on the Journey I have begun In this County without the City there are about 73 Parishes within the City Liberties and Suburbs c This must needs be a mistake of the Printer for 121. as we find it in some other Copies But neither will that account be true For excluding the seven Parishes in the Cities and Liberties of Westminster which I suppose are thrown into the County and the our parishes of Middlesex and Surrey which can none of them reasonably be accounted in London there will remain in the City Liberties and Suburbs but 113 Parishes as plainly appears by the Bills of Mortality And in the whole County and City together but 186. 221. ADDITIONS to MIDDLESEX THE Extent of this County being very small and our Author a native of it having already been very nice and copious in its description the Reader must not expect any great advance either in the corrections or additions to it a The first place that admits of further remarks is Uxbridge Uxbridge made more famous since our Author's days by a treaty there held Jan. 30. 1644. temp Car. 1. between the King and Parliament then sitting at Westminster Of which we have a full relation given us by Sir William Dugdale in his View of the late Troubles printed at Oxon 1681. to which I refer the Reader for a more particular account b After Uxbridge Stanes Sâ—â—nes is the next Market-Town that offers it self to our consideration which though
so naturally arising from the use of the Grant I cannot imagine there should be any thing more in 't * Ibid. p. 368. But though this do not much countenance the opinion yet ought it not to be altogether rejected as receiving some confirmation from the pieces of Antiquity dugg up hereabouts For in making the foundation of this new Fabrick among other things they cast up the teeth of Boars and of other beasts a piece of a Buck's horn with several fragments of Vessels which by the figure one would imagine to have been us'd in their Sacrifices A great number of these with an entire Urn a Lamp and other things belonging to the Roman Funerals and dugg up in Goodman's-fields are in the hands of my ingenious Friend Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq Persons buried in this Church m To conclude the History of St. Paul's our Author gives us a breviat of the royal and noble persons interr'd in it to whom we must needs add Robert Braybrook Bishop of London and sometime Lord high Chancellor of England Dugd. Hist of St. Pauls who dy'd Aug. 27. Anno 1404. 5 Hen. 4. above 260 years before the ruin of this Church in 1666. yet upon pulling down the stone-work and removal of the rubbish his body was found entire the skin still inclosing the bones and fleshy parts only in the breast there was a hole made I suppose by accident through which one might either view or handle his lungs The skin was of a deep tawny colour and the body very light as appear'd to all who came to view and handle it it being expos'd in a Coffin for some time without any thing of an ill smell and then reinterr'd To which Mr. * Survey p. 227. Stow gives us a parallel History in this very City in the corps of one Alice Hackney wife of Richard Hackney Sheriff of London 15 Edw. 2. An. 1321. whose body being dugg up by the Labourers in April Anno 1497. as they were working the foundations of a Wall in the Parish Church of St. Mary-hill was found with her skin whole her bones all in their natural posture and the joynts of her arms pliable but yielding an ill smell after it had been kept four days above ground In which two last points this though equally entire differ'd from the former whence 't is very evident they had in ancient times more ways than one of preserving the dead from corruption as well as now Increase of London n And lastly to conclude his account of the whole City he gives us relations out of Malmsbury and Fitz Stephen of its excess in trade and magnitude at the time of the Conquest and increase in both since the Subuâ—bs in his time having extended themselves in one continued range of building as far as Westminster To which let me add its further advancement in our days which hath been so very great that as the ingenious †Politic Essâ—y Sir William Petty hath probably computed it from the number of the burials and houses in each City the City of London in Anno 1683. or thereabout was as big as Paris and Rouen the two best Cities of the French Monarchy put together and that now above 7 parts of 15 having been new built since the great fire and the number of inhabitants increased near one half the total amounting to near 700000 it is become equal to Paris and Rome put together o In the Suburbs he takes notice of the most eminent buildings and amongst them of the Rolls Rolls in Chancery-lane which was founded by King Hen. 3. Anno 1233. in the 17th of his reign in the place of a Jews house to him forfeited for the support of converted Jews and therefore stiled Domus Conversorum where all such Jews and Infidels converted to the Christian Faith had sufficient maintenance allowed them were instructed in the Doctrine of Christ and liv d under a Christian Governour till Anno 1290. when all the Jews were banisht out of the realm by which means the number of Converts necessarily decaying and the house becoming as it were depopulated it was granted to William Burstall Custos Rotulorum by Letters Patents bearing date 51 Edw. 3. for keeping of the Rolls which Grant was ratified in Parliament 1 Rich. 2. and by other Letters Patents 6 Rich. 2. Notwithstanding which Grant and Ratifications all converted Jews have ever since been allowed and will be hereafter as often as any such shall appear one penny half penny per diem toward their maintenance which allowance was paid to Peter Samuel and John Maza two converted Jews Anno 1685. 2 Jac. 2. as appears by the Master of the Rolls account in the Hannaper and a Constat out of the Pell-office both of the date above-mention'd who were the two last I can find that ever enjoy'd this benefit * MS. in Capel Roâ— p In the Suburbs lying along the Thames-side betwixt Temple-barr and Westminster were many other houses as well of the spiritual as temporal Nobility beside those mention'd by our Author For the Bishops of Exeter Bath and Wells Salisbury Lichfield and Coventry Worcester Norwich Landaff Carlisle Durham and the Archbishop of York had all anciently houses here and so had the Dukes of Buckingham and the Earls of Exeter Worcester and Northumberland as the Dukes of Somerset and Beaufort the Earls of Bedford Salisbury and Rivers have all still houses remaining here q From the Suburbs our Author proceeds next to the Abbey-Church of Westminster Westminster and the magnificent Chapel of King Henry 7. which he erected in the place of the Chapel of our Lady built before with the Church by King Henry 3. and a Tavern near adjoyning both which being pull'd down he laid the foundation of this Jan. 24. 1502 fetching most of the stone from Huddlestone quarrey in Yorkshire The whole charge of it amounted to no less than 14000 pound sterling His own Tomb of brass is here richly gilt made and finisht Anno 1519. by one Peter a painter of Florence for which he had paid him for materials and workmanship a thousand pound sterling by the King's Executors †Stow's Survey p. 499. The School The School as it is famous for the great service it has done both to Church and State so is it more particularly memorable for the relation our Author had once to it and for Dr. Busbey its present Master whose worth and learning has these many years supported its reputation To the latter of these it is beholding for its Museum and for several improvements both in beauty and convenience as is the Master's house wherein he has all along liv'd for its enlargement The same person has built his Prebend's house there anew has pav'd the Quire of Westminster-Abbey with white and black marble stone and added a building to the King's Hospital of Green-coats in Turtil-fields In Buckinghamshire he hath rais'd from the ground the Church of
Sheafield Sheafiâ—ld the Staple-town for Knives and has been so these three hundred years Witness that Verse of Chaucer's A Sheffield whittle bare he in his hose Many of the Talbots Earls of Shrewsbury are here interr'd particularly George the first of that name and title who dy'd the 26th of July 1538. and his grandson of the same name to whose custody Mary Q. of Scots was committed the date of whose death is now inserted upon the Tomb xviii Novembris anno redemptionis Christi MDLXXXX which is the more worthy our observation because it was deficient in that part when Sir William Dugdale publish'd his * Vol. 1. p. 334. Baronage His son Gilbert likewise interr'd here gave 200 l. per An. to the poor of Sheafield where his great grandson erected a stately Hospital with this Inscription The Hospital of the Right Honourable Gilbert Eâ—rl of Shrewsbury erected and setled by the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Norwich Earl Marshal of England Great grand child of the aforesaid Earl in pursuance of his last Will and Testament Anno Dom. 1673. The Manour of Sheafield is descended from the said Earl Marshal to the present Duke of Norfolk The Castle mention'd by our Author was built of stone in the time of Henr. 3. and was demolisht when other Castles also were order'd to be ras'd after the death of King Charles the first Here it was or in the manor-Manour-house in the Park that Mary Queen of Scots was detain'd Prisoner in the custody of George Duke of Shrewsbury between sixteen and seventeen years Concerning the vast Oak tree growing in this Park I refer the Reader to Mr. Evelyn's account of it Before the river Don comes to Rotheram it passes close by a fair Roman fortification call'd Temple-Brough Temple-Brough The North-east corner of it is worn away by the river the area is about 200 paces long and 120 broad besides the agger and without it is a very large Trench â—37 paces deep from the middle of the Rampire to the bottom On the outside of it is another large bench upon which are huge trees and upon the side of the bench of the high-way there grew a Chesnut-tree that had scarce any bark upon it but only upon some top-branches which bore leaves It was not tall but the Bole could scarcely be fathom'd by three men On the North-side of the river over aginst Temple-brough is a high Hill call'd Winco-bank Wâ—â—â—â—-bâ—â—â— from which a large bank is continu'd without interruption almost five miles being in one place call'd Danes-bank And about a quarter of a mile South from Kemp-bank over which this Bank runs there is another agger which runs parallel with that from a place call'd Birchwood running towards Mexburgh and terminating within half a mile of its West-end as Kemp-bank runs by Swinton to Mexburg more North. d Below upon the same river lyes Rotheram 〈…〉 famous as for the birth of Thomas Rotheram so also for that of the learned and judicious Dr. Robert Sanderson late Bishop of Lincoln Near which is Thribergh the Seat of Sir William Reresby 〈◊〉 Baronet e Not far from hence is Connisborough Câ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 Wâ—â—â—â— the birth-place of Richard Plantagene Duke of York grandson to King Edward 3. and grandfather to King Edw 4. who tampering too soon for the Crown was beheaded by King Henry 5. The Castle here hath been a large strong built Pile whereof the out-walls are staâ—ding situate on a pleasant ascent fâ—om the river but mâ—ch over-topp'd by a high hill on which the town stands Before the gate is an agger by tradition said to be the burying place of Hengist In the Church-yard under the wall lyes a very ancient stone of blue marble with antique figures upon it one representing a man with a target encountâ—ing a vast winged Serpent with a man bearing a target behind him It is ridg'd like a Coffin on which is engraven a man on horseback curiously cut but very ancient f Nigh this town is Carhouse Caâ—â—â—â—â—â— the Seat of John Gill Esq High-Sheriff of the County A. D. 1692. and above three miles off is Aston Aâ—â—â—â— the ancient Seat of the Lord D' Arcys now Earls of Holderness g Going along with the river 〈◊〉 we come to Doncaster where in St. George's Church the only one in the town is interr'd Thomas Ellis five times Mayor and a Benefactor founder of an Hospital call'd St. Thomas the Apostle and one Byrks that gave Rossington-wood to the publick with this uncouth Inscription upon his Tomb. Howe Howe Who is heare I Robin of Doncastere and Margaret my feare that I spent that I had that I gave that I have that I left that I lost A. D. 1579. Quoth Robertus Byrkes who in this world did reign threescore years and seven and yet lived not one This place since our Author's time hath afforded the title of Viscount to James Hay Baron of Sauley created 16 Jac. 1. and afterwards in the 20th year of the same King made Earl of Carlisle and was succeeded in his estate and titles by James his son who dy'd without issue Whereupon in the 15th of Car. 2. James Fitz-Roy Baron of Tindale was created Earl of Doncaster and Duke of Monmouth h Thence Done runneth by Whâ—atley Wâ—â—â— the Seat of Sir George Cook Baronet whose uncle Bryan Coâ—k Eâ—â— gave by Will A. 1660. the whole Rectory of Arkâ—â—y to five Trustees for the payment of so much to the Vicar there as with his ancient stipend of 12 l. 13 s. 4 d. will amount to 100 l. per Ann. He gave also 40 l. per An. to a School-master to instruct the poor of the Parish and 60 l. for the building of a Hospital for twelve of the ancientest poor which receive each 5 l. per An. His brother Sir George Cook Baronet gave by Will 1683. 200 l. and two Cottages for building of a fair School-house Scarce two miles from Arksey Aâ—â—â—â— lyes Adwick in the street memorable on this account that Mrs. Anne Savill a Virgin Benefactor yet living daughter of John Savill of Medley Esq purchas'd the Rectory thereof for which she gave about 900 l. and has settl'd it in the hands of Trustees for the use of the Church for ever and this from a generous and pious principle upon the reading of Sir Henry Spelman's noted Treatise De non temerandis Ecclesiis Mr. Joshua Brook the present Incumbent has erected this Inscription over the door of the Parsonage-house built from the foundation at his own charge Rectoria de Adwick accessit Clero ex donatione Dnae Annae Savile ex prosapiâ Savillorum de Mâ—thley oriundae i The next place of note is Hatfield-chace where Cadwallin King of the Britains the 〈…〉 printed Bede calls him Carduella but Ceadwalla seems to be the right as it is in a MS. Bede now in the hands of Mr. Thoresby of Leeds with Penda Pagan King of Mercia in
of Parliament annex'd a very great estate to this Dutchy which had fall'n to him in right of his mother 13 Dame Mary who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford And in this state and condition it remain'd from that time saving that Edward the fourth in the first of his reign when he had attainted Henry the sixth in Parliament for Treason appropriated it as they term it to the Crown that is to say to him and his heirs Kings of England However Henry the seventh soon broke this entail and so at this day it has its particular Officers namely a Chancellor Attorney Receiver Clerk of the Court six Assessors a Messenger two Auditors three and twenty Receivers and three Supervisors There are reckon'd in this Shire besides several Chapels only 36 Parishes but those very populous and such as for number of Parishioners far exceed the greatest Parishes anywhere else ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE a THo' Lancaster has given the name to this County yet Manchester â—â—â—â—â—eâ—â—er whether one consider Antiquity number of inhabitants or growth seems to be more considerable And yet for all that it is neither a Corporation nor does it send Burgesses to Parliament tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the best trade of any one in the north of England It is water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell but there is no such river about it as Spolden upon which the late Historical and Geographical Dictionary has falsly plac'd it as it hath also it's distance from London which is really 147 miles The Fustian-Manufacture call'd Manchester-Cottons still continues there and is of late very much improv'd by some modern inventions of dying and printing and this with the great variety of other manufactures known by the name of Manchester-Wares renders not only the town it self but also the parish about it rich populous and industrious Sixty years ago there were computed near 2 000 Communicants in the town and Parish since which time the inhabitants are much more numerous proportionable to the increase of trade The Collegiate Church which was built in the year 1422. is a very large beautiful and stately edifice and the Quire is particularly remarkable for it's neat and curious carv d work It is likewise beautify'd with three remarkable Foundations a College a Hospital and a Publick School the following account whereof we owe to the worthy Warden of this place The College was first founded A. D. 1421. by Thomas De la Ware at first Rector of the said Parish-Church and brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in the estate and honour and then founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper eight Fellow-Chaplains four Clerks and six Choristers in honour of St. Mary to whom the said Parish-Church was formerly dedicated St. Dennis of France and St. George of England This foundation was dissolved 1547. in the first year of King Edward 6. the lands and revenues of it taken into the King's hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the college-College-house and some lands sold to the said Eaâ—l The College was re-founded by Queen Mary who restored most of the lands and revenues only the College it self and some of its revenues remain'd still in the hands of the Earl of Derby It was also founded a-new by Queen Elizabeth A. D. 1578. by the name of Christ's College in Manchester consisting of one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing-men and four Choristers the number being lessen'd because the revenues were so chieflâ— by the covetousness and false-dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away or made such long leases of the revenues as could never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all re-founded by King Charles 1. A. D. 1636 constituting therein one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing men and four Choiristers and incorporating them by the name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statutes for the same being drawn up by Archbishop Laud. The Hospital was founded by Humphrey Cheetham Esquire and incorporated by King Charles 2. designed by the said bountiful Benefactor for the maintâ—nance of 40 poor boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other neighbouring Parishes But since 't is enlarged to the number of 60 by the Governours of the said Hospital to be taken in between the age of 6 and 10 and there maintained with meat drink lodging and cloaths to the age of 14 and then to be bound Apprentices to some honest trade or calling at the charge of the said Hospital For the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the yearly revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the yearly sum of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchace of lands the sum of 1825 l. which was saved out of the yearly income over and above the maintenance of the poor children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near 70 persons provided for Within the Hospital and by the bounty of the said Founder is also erected a very fair and spacious Library already furnished with a competent stock of choice and valuable books to the number of near 4000 and daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per an setled upon the same by the said worthy benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a competent salary for a Library-keeper Theâ—e is also a large School for the Hospital-boys where they are daily instructed and taught to write and read The Publick School was founded A. D. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in lease of the Lord De la Ware for 60 years Afterwards with the Bishop's money Hugh Bexwick and Joan his sister purchased of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in Ancoates and the Mills upon lâ—k and left them in Feoffment to the said Free school for ever Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvements have as well considerably augmented the Masters salaries as the Exhibitions annually allowed to the maintenance of such scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the high Master shall think requisite and have besides for some years past added a third Master for whom they have lately erected a new and convenient School at the end of the other Besides these publick Benefactions and Endowments there have been several other considerable sums of money and annual revenues left and bequeathed to the Poor of the said Town who are thereby with the kindness and Charity of the present inhabitants competently provided for without starving at home or being forced to seek relief abroad The Town gives title to an honourable family Henry Mountague being
The Normans bore such a sway in his Court as to give the Customs and Language of their own Country an air and authority here in England so that even in his time it begun to be thought a piece of good breeding to be Master of the French Carriage and to run down the English as rough and barbarous When the way was open'd before hand we need not be much surpriz'd to find in the next reign so very few Ingulpâ— p 98. who could even read the Saxon Character or to hear that the main objection against Wolstan Bishop of Worcester was Mat. Par. sub An. 1005. that he did not understand the French Tongue In short the old Saxon grew so fast out of request Chron. Sax. that their common talk about the latter end of Henry the second would pass at this day for good broken English and be intelligible enough After it was disus'd in common Conversation we cannot imagine that the Books should be much minded The Monks indeed were concern'd to preserve their Charters but those who seiz'd upon the Church-Lands at the Dissolution of Monasteries were as much concern'd to have them destroy'd And to do it the more effectually they wisely burnt whole Libraries together or if they sav'd them out of the fire it was with no other design than to furnish the Shops of Mechanicks with waste Paper The havock was so universal and the use of them so little understood that it was purely by chance that any were preserv'd With what resolution must we suppose a man arm'd to engage in a work of so much confusion A Language that had lain dead for above four hundred years to be reviv'd the Books wherein it was bury'd to be rak'd out of ashes and which was yet worse those Fragments such as they were so very hard to be met with Almost the whole stock of the Kingdom came into three Collections that of Archbishop Parker given to Bennet College in Cambridge Archbishop Laud's given to the Bodleian Library and that of Sir Robert Cotton now the richest Treasure of that noble Library Nor was this condition peculiar to the Saxon Monuments all our English Historians were in the same circumstances They suffer'd as much by the Dissolution lay in as many holes and corners and were altogether as hard to come by And yet without these Mr. Camden's design was at a stand It was a true sense of the use of such Originals and of his own great misfortune in not being better furnisht that induc'd him afterwards to publish an entire Volume of them Sir Henry Savil collected another and those two Leaders have been follow'd by the Editors of the Decem Scriptores by Dr. Wats Mr. Fulman Dr. Gale and Mr. Wharton Had he entred upon his work with these advantages he had met with his Materials in a much narrower compass and found his task infinitely more easie Thus the same hand remov'd the Rubbish laid the Foundation and rais'd the Fabrick The old Itinerary was settled the British and Saxon Tongues conquer'd our ancient Historians perus'd Besides his Travels before he came to Westminster and his frequent Excursions so often as his business in the School would give him leave in April 1582. he took a Journey into Yorkshire through Suffolk and return'd through Lancashire See his Diary several parts of England survey'd and now he durst think of reducing his Collections to some method and order It had been above ten years in growing when the first Edition came out An. 1586. dedicated to that eminent Statesman William Lord Burghley Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth How well it was receiv'd we may appeal to the several Editions In the compass of four years there were no less than three at London besides that at Francfort in 1590. another in Germany and again another in London in 1594. To bear so many Impressions in so short a compass was a very extraordinary matter at that time when Books were not half so much read and relish'd as they are at present In short we may perhaps safely affirm that Mr. Camden was the only person living that was not satisfy'd with it For tho' men are generally but too fond of their own and so inclin'd to partiality in the main yet 't is certain that every Author understands the particular failings of his Work infinitely better than the nicest Critick that pretends to censure it Just as an intimate acquaintance sees farther into the odd humours and ill qualities of his friend than another that but accidentally falls into his company once or twice But the general applause it met with could not draw him to any extravagant thoughts of what he had done already nor tempt him to slacken his pursuit for the future No he that had weigh'd the matter knew best what could be done and what vast improvements it might receive from time and opportunities His own searches led him daily into new discoveries the continual information of Friends encreas'd the treasure both these help'd him out of numbers of doubts and scruples and so made way for new matter which he had suppress'd before out of a tenderness of imposing Errors upon mankind Thus when a design is well laid it thrives strangely new matter breaks in upon us almost whatever we read hear see or do turns one way or other to the main account And when the Standard is thus fixt assistance pours in from all parts as it were to the head quarters Most of the other Editions had been refin'd enlarg'd and corrected by the Author but they came too fast upon him to do so much as he desir'd After that of 1594. he resolv'd it should rest for some time and be gathering Two years after he took a journey to Sarum and Wells and return'd by Oxford After two years more he travell'd as far as Carlisle along with Sir Robert Cotton But in the midst of those preparations for a more compleat edition he was unexpectedly interrupted and instead of laying out his thoughts and endeavours after fresh discoveries was call'd to a defence of what he had already publish'd The occasion of it was this D. Smith's Life of Camden p. 34. In the year 1597. upon the death of Richard Leigh Clarenceux King at Arms Sir Fulk Grevil recommended Mr. Camden to the Queen as a person every way qualified for the place and one that had highly deserv'd of her Majesty and her Kingdoms The Queen without more ado gives him a grant and Mr. Camden accordingly was created Octob. 23. in the same year having the day before been made Richmond-Herald because by the Constitution none can be King at Arms but who has been first Herald At that time Mr. Brooke was York-Herald who upon Leigh's death presently had an eye upon that preferment and doubted not but the station he had already in the College would secure it to him The greater his assurance was the disappointment lay so much the heavier upon him and as men who lay too much stress upon
to the affairs of their neighbours than the Nations of Europe have since been to one another They would not be at the pains to view and they wanted Maps to let them see at a distance so every thing that inform'd was kindly receiv'd and a Work was lookt upon as a mighty project which at present would be but coldly entertain'd Now to take an estimate of matters barely by their names and to frame idea's of what 's past by the present condition of things is a very dangerous way of arguing Altogether as unreasonable as if upon hearing an Historian make a bustle about the Wars between the Romans and Sabines and very formally drawing up the Armies on both sides a man should presently conclude that each of them could not be less than a hundred thousand strong When all the while their set Battels would hardly amount to a sally or a skirmish at this day If men would carry this consideration along with them they might find that the change of things between the times of these two Authors had render'd a good part of the former's Itinerary altogether unuseful to the Britannia of the latter The contrivance of Maps had given them at once a view of the whole Kingdom and the correspondence occasion'd by the improvement of Trade and Commerce had inform'd every Mechanick in what before would have been a good discovery That he had seen the Itinerary of Leland he does not deny That he likewise made use of it is plain because he has told us so in several parts of his Book But do not they two very often jump without any mention of Leland's name It 's very true they do but suppose I say that Canterbury is a City that there is a stately Castle at Windsor that Oxford is an University am I therefore a Plagiary because Leland or any man else has said so before me Suppose also I observe that St. Austin repair'd an old Church at Canterbury that St. Cuthbert was the Saint of Durham can any man have so little sense as to fall upon me because I make use of Bede's authority rather than Leland's Can we think Mr. Camden travell'd England with his eyes shut Or if he carried them open that he could not distinguish a Wood from a Fenn or a Mountain from a Meadow as well as the rest of Mankind And why then all this pother about Plagiarism He set out with a prodigious stock of Learning almost in all kinds he survey'd the greatest part of England he had access to all Libraries and Records had the assistance of Learned men both at home and abroad and if any can believe that one of Mr. Camden's temper would make no use of these opportunities but rather spend thirty years in piecing up the remains of others let him enjoy his own opinion All I can say is that the publication of Leland's Itinerary would be the best defence of Mr. Camden In the year 1607. he put the last hand to his Britannia which gain'd him the titles of the Varro Strabo and Pausanias of Britain in the Writings and Letters of Learned men Nor did it ever after meet with any enemies that I know of only Letter to Bp. Usher Sir Simon D'Ewes encourag'd us to hope for Animadversions upon the Work after he had observ'd to a very great man that there was not a page in it without a fault But it was only threatning and neither the World was the better nor Mr. Camden's Reputation e're the worse for it One cannot well conceive how the compass of a man's Life should have brought a Work of this nature to greater perfection But alas it had but a small share in his hours Yet tho' his time was divided the whole was spent in the Service of the Publick He was always either exciting the present Age to Virtue and Honour by representing to them the Venerable Monuments of their Ancestors or laying a Foundation for the happiness of Posterity by forming Youth into Religion and Learning They are two Professions that seem to look quite different ways and yet he manag'd them to such advantage that if he had been continually abroad 't is hard to imagine how the Antiquary could have been better or if constantly in the School how the Master could have been more diligent He was not content to train up those who were under his immediate care unless like the good old Orator he put himself in a condition to be a Guide to them even after it should please Providence to remove him His Predecessor Dr. Edward Grant had compos'd a Greek Grammar for the use of his School This Mr. Camden by long experience had found to be in several things deficient and in the whole frame not so well suited to the design as one would desire So he contriv'd a Scheme of his own the effect of two and twenty years observation the method whereof upon the publication appear'd to be so clear easie and compendious that it has ever since been taught in most Schools throughout England as the best Introduction to that Language While he was consulting the interest of the Living he did not forget to pay a just Veneration to the Dead When the fatigue of the School oblig'd him to look out for a little recreation he refresht his Spirits by viewing the stately Monuments of Antiquity Those I mean which are erected to the memory of the Kings Queens and Nobility of England in the Cathedral Church of Westminster And that it might not be in the power of time or revolutions to deprive Posterity of the same pleasure he copy'd them all out and publisht them in the year 1600. with an Historical Account of the Foundation of that Church He had also took some pains in collecting the Monuments in the Churches and Chapels of the University of Oxford as appears from the Fragments of them still remaining But this was only the fruit of his spare hours and the business of a particular place The next publick Service was his Volume of English Historians publisht at Francfort in the year 1603. and dedicated to his Patron Sir Fulk Grevil as an acknowledgment for the good office he had done him when he was promoted to be King at Arms. This it was that freed him from the attendance of the School that put his time in his own disposal and like the Mantuan Poet he was not ungrateful to his Maecenas nor forgot to pay the first-fruits of his ease and quiet to this his Benefactor Part of them were never before publisht and such as had seen the light he sent abroad much more correct and accurate What great light they give into the affairs of the English Normans Irish and Britains is no news to those who think it worth their while to look into the Histories of their own Kingdom And if these few be of so much consequence what might be expected from the whole body of our English Historians If but a little taste be so delightful what
pleasure might we promise our selves from a full meal To see them all rang'd into order of time to have those that are already publisht refin'd by the assistance of Copies and such as lye still in Manuscript rescu'd at last from dust and ashes what a satisfaction would this be to the curious and what an honour to the Nation If it had been done a hundred years ago 't is more than probable that the same hand which gave us the Britannia had furnisht us likewise with a Civil History That he had once set about it Britannia under the title Normans himself has told us and I no way doubt but one of the greatest rubs that discourag'd him was this confusion of our old Historians When they are got together 't is then time enough to think of an Universal History but 't is a little too soon to talk of melting and refining when the best part of the Ore is still under ground The next year gave him an opportunity of paying a publick respect to his great Friend and Acquaintance Sir Robert Cotton by the edition of his Remains It appears by the Original that at first he had design'd to dedicate this Work to Sir Fulk Grevil but the Volume of Historians having already given him an opportunity of making his acknowledgments there he now thought it a piece of duty to show his gratitude to Sir Robert a Person whose Conversation and Library were the main support of his Studies The discovery of the Gunpowder-Plot gave him the next occasion of employing his Pen in the Service of the Publick His Majesty was not content only to appoint a solemn Thanksgiving for that deliverance but also thought it necessary to convince foreign Nations of the justice of his proceedings and to give timely notice to the Reformed Churches abroad to be always upon their guard against those inveterate Enemies of the Protestant Religion Mr. Camden was pitch'd upon as a person best qualified to draw up the whole case in a Latin stile agreeable to the subject It was publish'd in the year 1607. and Index Librorum Prohibitorum Expurgatorum was rank'd among the Books expresly prohibited by the Church of Rome in 1667. The Grammar the Westminster-Monuments the Volume of Historians the Remains and lastly the Proceedings against the Conspirators tho' they are all of them highly useful and very well becoming the Character of Mr. Camden yet they fall far short of his Britannia And no wonder they were only the fruit of his spare hours like so many digressions from his main design and while that was growing seem intended only to convince the world that he was not unmindful of the publick interest The last of these was publisht the same year that he put the last hand to his Britannia so that now he was at liberty to set about in earnest what he had had in his eye for ten years before the Annals of Queen Elizabeth This Work was begun in the year 1597. at the instance of William Lord Burghley who had both an entire Veneration for the Queen and by his constant favours had that interest in Mr. Camden to which few or none could pretend But he dying the very next year and the difficulties of the Work sensibly encreasing Mr. Camden did not prosecute it with so much resolution as formerly but began to have a sort of indifference whether he brought it to any head or not This coolness was encreas'd by the death of the Queen which hapned some years after But when he saw no one that had more strength and leisure would take the task upon him now the care of his Britannia was pretty well over a strong sense of gratitude spurr'd him forward and he could not be wanting to the commands of the best of Patrons nor the memory of the best of Princes So Diary in the year 1608. he fell to digesting his Materials but did not publish before the year 1615. and came no lower than 1589. As it had been long expected and earnestly desir'd by the Learned so did it meet with an agreeable reception from all hands as appears by the several Letters of Thanks from the greatest Persons of that time And a very eminent man of our own Nation scruples not to affirm Seld. Epist praefixa Libro Augustini Vincentii that this and my Lord Bacon's History of Henry the seventh are the only two Lives of the Kings or Queens of England which come up to the dignity of the Subject either in fulness of matter or beauty of composition The pleasure which the first part afforded encreas'd the application of his Friends and made them so much the more importunate with him to consider That the infirmities of old Age were drawing on apace and that he could not better employ the remaining part of his time either to the service of the Publick or the satisfaction of the Curious than by going on as he had begun Especially considering that himself had been an eye-witness of the latter part of her reign and maintain'd an intimate correspondence with some who had bore the greatest share in the Government How little it was Mr. Camden's humour to leave things imperfect let the Britannia witness But the censures he met with in the business of Mary Queen of Scots and the private resentments of some persons who thought him too severe in the character of their Ancestors were enough to have made him stop his course and not venture any farther in such a troublesome road That Historians raise themselves almost as many Enemies as they tell Truths is a just tho' very melancholy observation and the publication of this gave him so large experience of it as to make him peremptorily resolve that the second part should not see the light till after his death He wisely consider'd that mens writings and actions do meet with a more favourable construction after they are once remov'd out of the world but if what he had deliver'd with the utmost sincerity should after all give offence to particular persons that he should however be out of the noise of their clamours and beyond the reach of their disturbance Tho' the whole was finisht in the year 1617. as appears from his Epist 147. 155. Epistles yet he persisted in his resolution against all the importunities of Friends And lest the common fate of posthumous Papers should be urg'd against him he took care that a fair Transcript of it should be Puteani Vit. p. 50. Camd. Epist 247. deposited in the hands of his intimate Friend Petrus Puteanus and kept the Original by him which is now in the Library of Sir John Cotton So the second Tome came not out before the year 1625. Dr. Smith's Life of Camden The Records and Instruments out of which he extracted his Annals are most of them if not all in Cotton's Library By a Manuscript of Dr. Goodman's who was afterwards Bishop of Glocester we learn that He desir'd them of Mr. Camden as a Legacy
when he dy'd but had this answer return'd That no man should have commanded them more freely if they had not been promis'd to Dr. Bancroft Archbishop of Canterbury Upon his death he translated the right of them to his Successor Dr. George Abbot who had undertook to publish them and the Bishop tells us in the same Manuscript that he had heard Archbishop Laud say they were deposited in the Palace at Lambeth 'T is probable these were only such as related to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of that time which Mr. Camden did not think himself so immediately concern'd in But what they were cannot now be known they must have been destroy'd in that havock and confusion made in the Library of Archbishop Laud by Prinne Scot and Hugh Peters for upon a diligent search made by the late Dr. Sancroft at his first promotion to the See of Canterbury not one scrap of them appear'd From the end of Queen Elizabeth to his own death he kept a Since publisht with his Epistles Diary of all the remarkable passages in the reign of King James Not that he could so much as dream of living to make use of them himself at that age and under those many infirmities which a laborious life had drawn upon him But he was willing however to contribute all the assistance he could to any that should do the same honour to the reign of King James which he had done to that of Queen Elizabeth If this were practis'd by Persons of Learning and Curiosity who have opportunity of seeing into the Publick Affairs of a Kingdom what a large step would it be towards a History of the respective times For after all the short hints and strictures of that kind do very often set things in a truer light than regular Histories which are but too commonly written to serve a Party and so draw one insensibly out of the right way Whereas if men are left to themselves to make their own inferences from simple matters of fact as they lay before them tho' perhaps they may often be at a loss how to make things hang together yet their aim shall be still true and they shall hardly be mistaken in the main One single matter of fact faithfully and honestly deliver'd is worth a thousand Comments and Flourishes Thus the interest of the Publick was the business of Mr. Camden's life and he was serviceable to Learning till his dying day For so much merit one would think the greatest rewards too mean but a little serv'd his turn who always thought it more honourable to deserve than to have preferments Ep. 195. He never made application to any man for promotion but so long as he faithfully discharg'd the office he had was content to trust Providence for what should follow The first step he made was the second Mastership of Westminster-School in the year 1575. In this station he continu'd till the death of Dr. Grant Head-Schoolmaster which hapned in 1593. whom he succeeded But before that two years after the first edition of his Britannia he had the Prebend of Ilfarcomb belonging to the Church of Salisbury bestow'd upon him by Dr. John Piers Bishop of that See What satisfaction it was to him to see the fruits of his industry in the School learn from his own expression of it in a Letter to Archbishop Usher At Westminster says he God so blessed my labours that the now Bishop of London Durham and St. Asaph to say nothing of persons imploy'd in eminent place abroad and many of especial note at home of all degrees do acknowledge themselves to have been my Scholars What a comfortable reflexion was this That he had laid the foundation of those pillars which prov'd so considerable supports both to Church and State Here he liv'd frugally and Epist 195. by his long labours in the School gather'd a contented sufficiency for his life and a supply for all the charitable benefactions at his death Epist ead He refus'd a mastership of Requests when offer'd and kept to his School See above till the place of King at Arms was conferr'd upon him without his own application or so much as knowledge These were all the Preferments he was ever possest of We might have reckon'd another if the following project had but succeeded In the year 1609. Dr. Sutcliff Dean of Exeter resolv'd upon building a College at Chelsey for a certain number of Divines who should make it their only business to confute the Errors of the Church of Rome The Proposal was highly approv'd of by King James who accordingly nominated the Doctor first Provost of the College May 10. 1610. and seventeen very eminent Divines under the title of Fellows And because it was evident that matters of History would of course fall in with Controversies in Religion they concluded it necessary to be arm'd against all such cases and so pitch'd upon two excellent Historians Mr. Camden and John Hayward Doctor of the Civil Law See Middlesex under Chelsey They fell to building but found their Revenues fall short and so the whole design drop'd To be particular in his Acquaintance would be to reckon up almost all the learned men of his time When he was young Learned men were his Patrons when he grew up the Learned were his intimates and when he came to be old he was a Patron to the Learned So that Learning was his only care and learned men the only comfort of his life What an useful and honourable correspondence he had settl'd both at home and abroad does best appear from his Letters and with what candour and easiness he maintain'd it the same Letters may inform us The work he was engag'd in for the honour of his native Country gain'd him respect at home and admiration abroad so that he was look'd upon as a common Oracle and for a Foreigner to travel into England and return without seeing Mr. Camden was thought a very gross omission He was visited by six German Noblemen at one time and at their request wrote his Lemma in each of their Books as a testimony that they had seen him Brissonius Prime Minister of State in the French Court when he was sent into England by his master K. Hen. 3. to treat of a match between his brother the Duke of Anjou and Queen Elizabeth would not return a stranger to Mr. Camden who tho' but second School-master of Westminster and not full thirty years of age had yet those qualities which effectually recommended him to the friendship and conversation of that great man Some of the Servants of the Elector Palatine who came over about the match with Elizabeth eldest daughter to King James were severely reprov'd by Gruter for neglecting to do themselves that piece of honour He wonder'd with what face they could stay so many months in England and all the while Neque consulere ejus oraculum unicum neque adspicere ejus astrum primum not consult its only Oracle nor see the brightest Star in it
Devonshire weighing 60 pound c. Philosoph Transact Numb 23. 1666. DVRHAM THe Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Durham collected out of ancient Manuscripts about the time of the Suppression and publisht by Jo. Davies of Kidwelly 1672. The Legend of St. Cuthbert with the Antiquities of the Church of Durham by B. R. Esq 1663. A short Treatise of an ancient Fountain or Vitriolin-Spaw near the City of Durham by E. W. Dr. of Physick 1675. Large Collections relating to the Antiquities of this Bishoprick were made by Mr. Mickleton a very excellent Antiquary ESSEX THe History of Waltham-Abbey by Dr. Fuller then Curate there Lond. 1655. fol. Printed at the end of his Church-History Survey of the County of Essex in a thin Folio MS. by John Norden now in the Library of Sir Edmund Turner 'T is said that Mr. Strangman of Hadley-Castle in Suffolk hath written the Antiquities of Essex It still remains in Manuscript but in what hands I know not A Description of Harwich and Dover-Court by Silas Tailor MS. Mr. John Ouseley Rector of Pantfield a person admirably well verst in the History of our Nation has spent many years in collecting the Antiquities of this County wherein he has been very much assisted by that hopeful young Gentleman Mr. Nicholas Zeakill of Castle-Hedingham who freely communicated the Copies of many publick Records and 't is his request to all who are possest of any Papers relating to Essex that they would likewise please to communicate them It is not long before the World may expect the Work if it meet with that encouragement from the Gentry which an Undertaking of this Nature may justly require GLOCESTERSHIRE THe Laws and Customs of the Miners in the Forest of Dean in the County of Glocester Lond. 1687. 12o. Proposals for printing the Antiquities of Glocestershire were publisht An. 1683. by Mr. Abel Wantner Citizen of Glocester and inhabitant of Minchin-Hampton in the same County He had been twelve years in the collecting but not meeting I suppose with answerable encouragement the Book remains still in Manuscript Annalia Dubrensia upon the yearly celebration of Mr. Robert Dover's Olympick-Games upon Cotswold hills written by 33 of the best Poets of that time Publisht 1636. The Military Government of the City of Glocester by John Corbet Publisht 1651. Certain Speeches made upon the day of the yearly Election of the Officers of the City of Glocester publisht by Jo. Dorne Esq Town-Clerk of the said City An. 1653. Collections relating to the Antiquities of this County were made by Judge Hales which are now I think in Lincolns-Inn-Library London among his other Manuscripts A Description and Draught of Pen-park-hall by Sir Robert Southwell Philosoph Transact Numb 143. 1682 3. A strange and wonderful Discovery of Houses under ground at Cottons-field in Glocestershire HAMSHIRE THe Antiquities and Description of Winchester with an Historical Relation touching several memorable Occurrences relating to the same with a Preamble of the Original of Cities in general Folio MS. by Mr. Trussel A Treatise of the Antiquities of the same City is written by Dr. Bettes MS. Some Remarkables concerning the Monuments in the ancient City of Winchester by Mr. Butler of S. Edmonds-bury The Lieger-Book of S. Crosse MS. in Vellam in the hands of Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq HERTFORDSHIRE THe Antiquities of this County are now prepared for the Press by Sir Henry Chancey Kt. Serjeant at Law HVNTINGDONSHIRE HUntingdon-Divertisement or an Interlude for the general Entertainment of the County-feast held at Merchant-Tailors-hall June 30. 1678. Sir Robert Cotton made some progress towards a Survey of this County KENT PErambulation of Kent by William Lambert of Lincolns-Inn Gent. Lond. 1576. 1596. c. A brief Survey of the County of Kent by Richard Kilbourn Lond. 1657. 1659. Philpot's Survey of Kent Another Survey of this County was writ by Mr. Norden and is still in Manuscript The Monuments in this County are collected by John Wever in his Funeral Monuments The History of Gavelkind or the Local Customs of Kent by Mr. Somner An. 1660. The Forts and Ports in Kent by Mr. Somner with the Life of the Author by Mr. Kennet Publish't by Mr. James Brome Oxon. 1693. The Antiquities of Canterbury by Mr. Somner 4o. 1640. Mr. Somner's Vindication of himself about building the Market-house at Canterbury His Treatise about the Fish-bones found in Kent 4o. The Chronicle of Rochester wrote by Edmund Bedenham MS. Textus Roffensis a very ancient MS. belonging to that Church See a more particular account of it in Dr. Hickes's Catalogue MSS. at the end of his Saxon-Grammar Descriptio Itineris Plantarum investigationis ergo suscepti in agrum Cantianum 1632. Survey of the Monastery of Feversham by Tho. Southouse Lond. 1671. 12o. A Philosophical and Medicinal Essay of the Waters of Tunbridge by P. Madan M. D. 1687. LANCASHIRE MAnner of making Salt of Sea-Sand in Lancashire Ray's Northern-words pag. 209. The state of this County in respect of Religion about the beginning of King James 1. by Mr. Urmston MS. in the hands of Thomas Brotherton of Heye Esq Holingsworth's History of Manchester MS. in the Library there Borlaces Latham-Spaw LEICESTERSHIRE THe Antiquities of Leicestershire by William Burton Esq Fol. 1622. The late learned Mr. Chetwind of Staffordshire had a Copy of this in his possession with considerable Additions under the Author 's own hand A brief Relation of the Dissolution of the Earth in the Forest of Charnwood in one sheet 1679. LINCOLNSHIRE SIr William Dugdale's History of Imbanking gives a large account of several Fenns and Marshes in this County The Survey and Antiquities of the Town of Stamford in this County by Richard Butcher Gent. Publisht 1646. A Relation of the great damages done by a Tempest and Overflowing of the Tides in Lincolnshire and Norfolk 1671. MIDDLESEX NOrden's Survey of Middlesex Fitz-Stephens Survey of London The Customs of London Londonopula by James Howel Fol. The present state of London by De Laund 8o. Domus Carthusiana or the Foundation of the Charter-house by Samuel Herne Lond. 1677. Stow's Survey of London 1598. The City-Law translated out of an ancient MS. and printed 1647. Descriptio Plantarum in Ericete Hampstedi per Tho. Johnson in 12o. 1632. The Kings Queens and Nobility buried in Westminster-Abbey 1603. by Mr. Camden The same enlarged by Henr. Keepe 8o. History of S. Paul's by Sir William Dugdale 1658. Fol. The third University of England viz. London being a Treatise of all the Foundations of Colleges Inns of Court c. by Sir George Buck. 1615. Origines Juridiciâ—les by Sir William Dugdale History of Tombs and Monuments in and about the City of London 1668. A Relation of the late dreadful Fire in London as it was reported to the Committee in Parliament 1667. Narrative of the Fire of London by Mr. Edward Waterhouse 1667. London King Charles's Augusta by Sylvanus Morgan A Poem 1648. Grant's Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of
to have partaked of the B. For that sound the Emperor Claudius invented the Digamma Aeolicum but after his death it was difused Vir the Saxons pronounced were vallum wall vidua widwe a widow and the like The Greeks expressed Vespasianus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins called vinum the Saxons wine More may be observed concerning their alphabet which perhaps may be considered in another place The first and second are of the same Cuthred King of Kent there seem very few coins of these Princes extant There were also two of the same name West-Saxons and Christians This Cuthred was by Coenuulf King of Mercia made King instead of Eadbertus Pren. He reigned though obscurely as being set up by an enemy 8 years and died Anno 805. The third is of Plegmund anno 890. chosen by God and all his saints saith Chr. Sax. to be Archbishop of Canterbury He was a person of excellent worth for learning prudence and devotion at first an Hermit living near Chester whence he was brought by King Alfred both to instruct him when young and advise him when he came to his Kingdom by whom also he was thus advanced He was in great veneration in the whole Church as appears by the Archbishop of Rhemes letters he deceased anno 923. The fourth Ceolnoth consecrated Archbishop Sept. 1. 830 and anno 831 received the Pallium he died 870. He was commonly called The good Bishop The fifth Eadberht was the name of two Kings of Kent and one of Northumberland Which of these coined this money is uncertain His name as too many of those of our ancient Kings is diversly written as Edbert Eadbert c. The Reverse a Dragon if yet it be a Dragon v. Tab. 1. Sect. 3. was an ensign used by divers of the Northern Princes This seems copied from one of Antiochus Epiphanes The Romans from Trajan's conquering of the Dacians used it also but theirs was in the form of a great serpent and not of an imagination as this is The 6th Ecgbert was the name also of divers Saxon Kings one of Kent one of Northumberland one of Mercia besides him of the West-Saxons who reduced all the Kingdoms into one Monarchy For whom this coin was made is to me unknown he seems placed between two crosses in imitation of some of the Eastern Emperors The reverse seems only the name of the Mint-master Uiborhtus is a name still in reputation in the North it may be this Ecberht was the Northumbrian The seventh Cuthred whether the same with the former is not known I rather think him to be the West-Saxon brother of Ethelwerd about anno 740 a valiant and victorious Prince Sigebert seems to have been the Noble-person commander of the place where this was coined The eighth Alred is Alhred King of Northumberland anno 765 he reigned 8 years and at York was expelled his Kingdom anno 774. On the reverse Edwin seems to have been a Nobleman The ninth Eanred may either be Eanfrid or Eandred both Kings of Northumberland Eanfrid eldest son of Ethelfrith was expelled his countrey by Edwin who had slain his father and usurped the Kingdom anno 617 but being slain by Ceadwalla and Penda Eanfrid returned to the crown anno 634 was baptized and built St. Peters Church at York whereof S. Edwin had laid the foundation making Paulinus Bishop Eadwin on the reverse seems to have succeeded Eanfrid after some years The tenth Aelfred seems by the cypher or monogram on the reverse to have been the King of Northumberland the face not corresponding to that of Aelfred the West-Saxon He murthered his true and lawful Prince anno 765 himself was expelled also He is said to have been very learned to shew which it may be that he stamped that Monogram on the reverse after the example of divers Constantinopolitan Emperors but not after those of the Franks which was begun by Charles the Great probably because he could not write so much as his name as Eginhart saith and that even in his old age he vainly endeavoured to learn The eleventh Edilred seems to have been Ethelred King of the Northumbers son of Mollo After he had reigned four years he was driven out and Readuulf crowned who being slain by the Danes at Alvethlic Ethelred again succeeded But carrying himself tyrannically particularly murthering Oelf Alfus and Oelfwin Alfwin sons of Alfwold was again expelled and died in banishment There was also another Ethelred son of Eandred a tributary King of the Northumbers forced from his Kingdom in the fourth year of his reign being again restored he was slain four years after The twelfth Eandred son of Eardulf King of the Northumbers reigned thirty years after Alfwold the Usurper Afterwards submitted to Egbert The thirteenth and fourteenth belong to Offa the Mercian King the reverse being the same in both who seems to have been a Nobleman and not a Mint-master Three of that name An. 803. subscribed the Synod at Clovâ—sho and another succeeded S. Boniface in the Archbishoprick of Mentz Offa having slain Beornred An. 557. reigned over the Mercians a Prince of great courage and success in arms but not just nor virtuous for he basely murthered Ethelbriht King of the East-Angles enticing him to his Palace that he might marry his daughter and seized upon his kingdom He had much entercourse and at length friendship also with Charles the Great He drew a trench of wondrous length from sea to sea separating the Mercians from the Welch part whereof remains visible to this day He was the first who granted a perpetual Tax to the Pope out of every House in his Kingdom at his being at Rome and gave very bountifully after his return to the Clergy in Pennance for his Sins he died An. 794. The fifteenth Beornuulf a valiant man usurped the Kingdom of Mercia from Ceoluulf in his third year was overthrown by King Egbert at Ellendon An. 823. He retired thence to the East-Angles as part of his dominion by the seisure of King Offa with the remainder of his army and was there rencountred and slain Whereupon the East-Angles surrendred themselves to Egbert The reverse I take to be Moneta The sixteenth Ludican succeeded Beornuulf in Mercia An. 824. He reigned only two years then preparing to revenge the death of Beornuulf his kinsman upon the East-Angles was by them with his five Consuls surprized and slain The reverse I understand not The seventeenth Berhtulf An. 838. reigned in Mercia but as feudatary to the West-Saxons being much molested with the invasions of the Danes he quitted his Kingdom and retired to a private life The reverse Uulfhean who he was unknown The 18th Burgred was by King Etheluulf made King of the Mercians and married his daughter Ethelswith To avoid the oppression of the Danes he resigned his kingdom and retired to Rome where he lived in great reputation of Sanctity till his death His Queen also entred into a Monastery at Pavia and there died The reverse is Vvhne only the Mint-master
upon the disordered English kill'd great numbers of them whilst they stood doubtful whether they should run or fight But the greatest part posting themselves on the higher grounds got into a body encouraged one another and opposed the Enemy with great resolution as if they had made choice of that place for an honourable death At last Harold was shot through the head with an arrow and there with his two brothers Githus and Leofwine lost his life Upon this Edwin and Morcar with some few who had saved their lives made their escape by flight giving way to the hand of providence and the present necessity after they had fought without intermission from seven a clock in the morning to the dusk of the evening The Normans lost in this battle about 6000 men and the English a far greater number William overjoyed with his victory ordered a solemn thanksgiving to Almighty God and fixed his tent in the middle of the slain where he stayed that night Next day after he had buried his men and granted leave to the English to do the like he returned to Hastings to consider of proper methods how to prosecute his victory and to refresh his soldiers So soon as the news of this victory reached London and other cities of England the whole Nation was in a surprise and in a manner struck dead Githa the King's mother was so overcome with grief that no way could be found to comfort her She humbly desired of the Conqueror to grant her the bodies of her sons which she buried in Waltham-Abby Edwin sent away Queen Algitha his sister into the more remote parts of the Kingdom The Nobility desired the people not to despair and begun to consider of methods how to settle the Nation The Arch-bishop of York with the City of London and Sea-soldiers Bâ—â—â—â—les commonly called Botescarles were for making Eadgar King and renewing the war with William Edwin and Morcar were secretly contriving how to get the government into their their own hands But the Bishops Prelats and others upon whom the Pope's Anathema made a deeper impression thought it most advisable to surrender and not to incense the Conqueror with a second battel the issue whereof was but at best doubtful nor resist God who for the crying sins of the nation seemed to have delivered up England into the hands of the Normans William leaving 〈◊〉 strong garison in Hastings resolved to march in a hostile manner directly towards London but to diffuse a greater terror through the nation and to make all sure behind him he divided his forces and marched through part of Kent Suffex Surrey Hamshire and Berkshire Where he came he burnt villages and towns plundering them passed the Thames at Wallingford and filled all places with horror The Nobility all this while were at a stand what to do nor could they be persuaded to lay aside private animosities and consult the publick interest of the nation The Clergy to avoid the curses of the Church and censures of the Pope by which he did at that time sway both the minds of men and whole kingdoms and considering that the affairs of the nation were not only decay'd but quite ruin'd stood so firm to their resolution of surrendring that many so save themselves withdrew privately out of the City But Alfred Archbishop of York Wolstan Bishop of Worcester along with some other Bishops and Edgar Etheling Edwin and Morcar met the Norman Conqueror at Berkhamsted He made them most glorious promises upon which hostages were given and they submitted themselves to his protection Forthwith he went to London where he was received with great joy and acclamations and saluted under the title of King Next he prepares all necessaries for the inauguration which he had appointed to be on Christmas-day and in the mean time employed all his care and thoughts upon the settlement of the nation This was the period of the Saxon's government in Britain which lasted six hundred and seven years The revolution that hapned in the Kingdom some imputed to the avarice of Magistrates others to the superstitious laziness of the Clergy a third sort to the Comet which then appeared and the influence of the Stars a fourth attributed it to God who for hidden but always just reasons disposes of Kingdoms But others who looked nearer into the immediate causes threw it upon the imprudence of King Edward who under the specious colour of religious chastity neglected to secure a succession and so exposed the Kingdom as a prey to ambition WHat an insolent and bloody victory this was the Monks who writ about it do fully inform us Nor can we question but in this as in all others villany had the upper hand William as a token of his conquest laid aside the greatest part of the English laws brought in Norman customs and ordered that all causes should be pleaded in French The English were dispossessed of their hereditary estates and the lands and farms divided among his Soldiers but with this reserve that he should still remain the direct Proprietor and oblige them to do homage to him and his successors that is that they should hold them in see but the King alone be chief Lord and they â—uciaâ— â—eal â—illiâ—â—he â—ucâ— Feudatory Lords and in actual possession He made a Seal on the one side whereof was engraven Hoc Normannorum Gulielmum nosce patronum By this the Norman owns great William Duke On the other side Hoc Anglis signo Regem fatearis eundem By this too England owns the same their King Further as William of Malmsbury tells us in imitation of Caesar's policy who would not have those Germans that skulk'd in the forrest of Ardenna and by their frequent excursions very much disturb'd his army suppressed by the Romans but the Gauls that whilst foreigners destroyed one another himself might triumph without blood-shed William took the same methods with the English For there were some who after the first battle of that unfortunate Harold had fled over into Denmark and Ireland where they got together a strong body of men and returned three years after To oppose them he dispatched away an English army and General and let the Normans live at their ease For which side soever got the best he found his interest would go forward And so it proved for after the English hâ—d skirmâ—shed for some time one with another the victory was presented the King without any trouble And in another place After the power of the Laity was destroyed he made a positive declaration The English thrown out of their Honours that no Monk or Clergy-man of the English nation should pretend to any place of dignity wherein he quite receded from the easiness of King Canutus who maintained the conquered party in full possession of their honours By which means it was that after his death the natives found so little difficulty in driving out the foreigners and recovering their ancient freedom After he had setled those
Henry the Bastard and the French in favour of Peter King of Castile John Chandos came to the Prince and delivered into his hands his banner folded with these words My Lord this is my banner may it please you to unfold it that I may this day carry it For I have by the blessing of God sufficient revenues for this The Prince and Peter King of Castile who stood by him took the banner in their hands and restored it unfolded with words to this purpose Sir John as you expect success and glory act with courage and shew what a man you are Having received the banner he returned to his men joyful and holding it up Fellow-souldiers says he behold my banner and yours if you defend it stoutly as your own In after ages whoever was to be dignified with this honour either before a battle to excite their courage or after as a reward to their bravery was brought before the King or his General carrying an oblong Ensign call'd Pennon wherein his Arms were painted and going between two of the senior Knights with Trumpeters and Heralds before him and either the King or General wishing him success commanded the end of the Pennon to be cut off that so the banner instead of an oblong might be made a square Knights of the Bath As for the Milites or Equites Balnei Knights of the Bath I have observed nothing more ancient of them than that this dignity was in use among the old Franks and that Henry the Fourth King of England on the day of his Coronation in the Tower of London conferred Knighthood upon forty six Esquires who had watched all night before and had bathed themselves that he gave to every one of them a green side-coat reaching down to the ancle strait sleev'd and furr'd with minivere and having on the left shoulder two white silk twists hanging loose with †Terulis tassels at them These in the last age were such of the greatest of the Nobility as had not been before Knighted chosen to this honour at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens or at their marriages nay sometimes when their sons were made Princes of Wales created Dukes or made Knights It was then done with a deal of Ceremonies which are now in a great measure left off At present those who are appointed by the King to be thus honour'd I do not intend to give a full account of this Order the day before their Creation put on a gray Hermit habit a hood a linnen Coif and a pair of boots and in that dress go devoutly to divine service to begin their warfare there as principally designed for the honour and service of God They sup together that night each one being attended by two Esquires and a Page after supper they withdraw to their bed-chamber where there is prepared for each of them a little bed with red curtains and the arms of their families upon them with a bathing Vessel close by covered with a linnen cloth where after prayers they wash themselves to put them in mind that they ought to keep their bodies and minds undefiled for ever after Pretty early next morning they are awakened with musick and dress themselves in the same habit Then the High Constable the Earl Marshal and others appointed by the King go to them call them out in order and give them an oath to fear God defend his Church honour the King maintain his prerogative and protect widows virgins orphans and all others as far as they are able from injury and oppression After they have taken this oath they are conducted to morning prayer with the King's musick and the Heralds before them and from thence to their chamber again where they put off their Hermits habit and dress themselves in a mantle of red Taffata bright and shining with that martial colour a white hat adorn'd with a plume of white feathers over their linnen coife with a pair of white gloves hanging at the pendant cordon of their mantle Then they take Horse which are accouter'd with black saddles and other furniture of the same colour specked with white and a cross on their forehead Each of them has his Page on horse-back carrying a sword with a gilded hilt at which there hang golden spurs and the Esquires ride on both sides of them In this state with trumpets blowing before them they march to Court where they are conducted by the two eldest Knights into the Kings presence then the Page delivers the belt and the sword hanging in it to the Lord Chamberlain and he with great reverence gives it to the King who puts it on overthwart the Knight and orders the senior Knights there to put on the spurs These were formerly wont after wishing them joy to kiss the knees of the person to be Knighted After this Creation they us'd heretofore to serve up the dishes at the King's table and afterwards dine together sitting all on the same side of the table each under an Escutcheon of his own Arms. At evening prayer again they repair to the Chapel offer their swords upon the altar then lay down money and redeem them As they return the King's head Cook stands with his knife in his hand exhorting them to shew themselves faithful and worthy Knights or he 'll cut off their spurs with disgrace and infamy At the Coronation they attend the King in this pomp with their swords about them their spurs on and attired in a blue mantle that being the colour of * Câ—â—â— Joâ—â— a clear Sky with a knot of white silk made like a cross and a hood upon the left shoulder But this may very well suffice upon a subject which is not particularly within the compass of my design Knighâ— Now for those Knights simply so called without other addition an Order though lowest at this day yet of greatest antiquity and honour in the first Institution For as the Romans whose habit was a gown gave the same to all that arrived at the years of manhood so our ancestors the Germans presented their youth with arms as soon as they were found of ability to manage them De Mâ—bus Gâ— maâ— All this we may learn from Corn. Tacitus in these words No one by custom was to take arms till the city judged him able to bear them And then in the assembly it self either one of the great men the father or one of the person's relations honoured him with a shield and javelin This is the gown with them this is the first honour conferred upon their youth before this they seem to be only members of a family but from that time of the Commonwealâ—â— Now seeing these military young men were call'd by them in their language Knechts as they are in ours I am of opinion that the original both of the name and institution is to be deriv'd from hence This was the primitive and most plain method of creating Knights that which was in use among the Longobards
this name of Esquire which in ancient times was a name of charge and office only crept first in among the titles of honour as far as I can find in the reign of Richard the second Gentlemen Gentlemen are either the common sort of nobility who are descended of good families or those who by their virtue and fortune have made themselves eminent Citizens Citizens or Burgesses are such as are in publick offices in any City or elected to sit in Parliament The common people or Yeomen are such as some call ingenui the Law homines legales i.e. freeholders Yeomâ— Gemâ—◠〈◊〉 Saxo◠〈◊〉 common people those who can spend at least forty shillings of their own yearly Labourers are such as labour for wages sit to their work are Mechanicks Artizans Smiths Carpenters c. term'd capite censi and Proletarii by the Romans The Law-Courts of ENGLAND AS for the Tribunals or Courts of Justice in England there are three several sorts of them some Spiritual others Temporal and one mixt or complicate of both which is the greatest and by far the most honourable call'd the Parliament Parliament a French word of no great antiquity The Saxons our fore-fathers nam'd it a Witenâ— gemot â—s the true Saxon word Ç·ittenagemot that is an assembly of wise-men and Geraedniss or Council and Micil Synod from the greek word Synod signifying a great meeting The Latin writers of that and the next age call it Commune Concilium Curia altissima Generale Placitum Curia Magna Magnatum Conventus Praesentia Rogis Praelatorum Procerumque collectorum Commune totius regni concilium c. And as Livy calls the general Council of Aetolia Panetolium so this of ours may be term'd very properly Pananglium For it consists of the King the Clergy the Barons and those Knights and Burgesses elected or to express my self more plainly in Law-language the King the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and the Commons who there represent the body of the Nation This Court is not held at certain set times but is call'd at the King's pleasure when things of great difficulty and importance are to be consider'd in order to prevent any danger that may happen to the State and then again is dissolv'd when-ever he alone pleases Now this Court has the sovereign power and an inviolable authority in making confirming repealing and explaining laws reversing Attainders determining causes of more than ordinary difficulty between private persons and to be short in all things which concern the State in general or any particular Subject â—he Kings â—â—urt The next Court to this immediately after the coming in of the Normans and for some time before was the King's Court which was held in the King's Palace and follow'd the King where-ever he went For in the King's Palace there was a peculiar place for the Chancellor and Clerks who had the issuing out of Writs and the management of the great Seal and likewise for Judges who had not only power to hear pleas of the Crown but any cause whatsoever between private persons There was also an Exchequer for the Treasurer and his Receivers who had charge of the King's revenues These each of them were counted members of the King's family and had their meat and cloaths of the King Hence Gotzelin in the life of S. Edward calls them Palatii Causidici and Joannes Sarisburiensis Curiales But besides these and above them likewise â—â—e Chief â—â—â—tice was the Justitia Angliae and Justitiarius Angliae Capitalis i.e. the Lord Chief Justice who was constituted with a yearly stipend of 1000 marks by a Patent after this form The King to all the Archbishops Bishops Abbots Priors Counts Barons Viscounts Foresters and all other his faithful subjects of England greeting Whereas for our own preservation and the tranquillity of our Kingdom and for the administration of justice to all and singular of this our Realm we have ordain'd our beloved and trusty Philip Basset Chief Justice of England during our will and pleasure we do require you by the faith and allegiance due to us strictly enjoyning that in all things relating to the said office and the preservation of our peace and Kingdom you shall be fully obedient to him so long as he shall continue in the said Office Witness the King c. But in the reign of Henry the third it was enacted that the Common Pleas should not follow the King's Court but be held in some certain place and awhile after the Chancery the Pleas of the Crown and the Exchequer also were remov'd from the King's Court and establisht apart in certain set places as some how truly I know not have told us Having premis'd thus much I will now add somewhat concerning these Courts and others that sprung from them as they are at this day And seeing some of them have cognizance of â—uris Law namely the King's Bench Common Pleas Exchequer Assizes Star-Chamber Court of Wards and the Court of Admiralty others of Equity as the Chancery the Court of Requests the Councils in the Marches of Wales and in the North I will here insert what I have learnt from others of each of them in their proper places The King's Bench â—â—e Kings â—â—â—ch so call'd because the Kings themselves were wont to preside in that Court takes cognizance of all pleas of the Crown and many other matters relating to the King and the well-being of the publick it has power to examine and correct the errors of the Common-pleas The Judges there besides the King himself when he is pleas'd to be present are the Lord Chief Justice of England and four others or more as the King pleases â—â—mmon â—â—â—as The Common-Pleas has this name because the common pleas between subject and subject is by our law which is call'd the Common law there triable The Judges here are the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and four others or more to assist him Officers belonging to this Court are the Custos Brevium three Prothonotaries and many others of inferior rank â—â—â—hequer The Exchequer deriv'd that name from a table at which they sat For so Gervasius Tilburiensis writes who liv'd in the year 1160. The Exchequer is a squarâ— table about ten foot long and five broad contriv'd likâ— a table to sit round On every side it has a ledge of four fingers breadth Upon it is spread a cloath of black colour with stripes distant about a foot or spanâ— it bought in Easter term A little after This Court 〈◊〉 report has been from the very Conquest of the Realm by King William the design and model of it being taken â—â—m the Exchequer beyond Sea Here all matters belongiâ—â—â— to the King's revenues are decided The Judges of it are the Lord Treasurer of England the Chancellor of the Exchequer the Chief Baron and three or four other Barons The Officers of this Court are the King's Remembrancer the Treasurer's Remembrancer the Clerk
Marshal is in the first of King John and hath also a reference to the time of King Henry the first in this Charter where King John confirmeth the office of Marshal unto William Marshal Earl of Pembroke in these words Johannes Dei gratiâ c. Sciatis nos concessisse presenti nostrâ carta confirmasse dilecto fideli nostro Willielmo Marescallo Com. de Pembroco haeredibus suis Magistratum Marescalciae curiae nostrae quem Magistratum Gilbertus Marescallus Henrici Regis avi Patris nostri Joannes filius ipsius Gilberti disrationaverunt coram praedicto Rege Henrico in Curiâ suâ contra Robertum de Venoiz contra Willielmum de Hastings qui ipsum magistratum calumniabantur hoc judicio quia defecerunt se à recto ad diem quem eis constituerat praedictus Rex Henricus in Curiâ suâ sicut carta ipsius Regis quam vidimus testatur Here is to be noted out of these authentick Records there were Marshals in the time of King Henry the first answerable in time to the first Marshals of France that there were more Marshals than one and that William Marshal Earl of Pembroke had only Magistratum Marescalciae Curiae that is Marshal of the King's House which office was so long invested in that family that it gave them a sirname as also to other families which have been Marshals in great houses And lastly that it was given to William Marshall and his heirs and so it was chalenged by them as hereditary Nevertheless it is certain that the next succeeding King Henry the third took away that office from Richard Marshall the son of the said William for among the grievances of the said Richard he complained as appeareth in the History of Thomas Rudborne that the King in these terms spoliavit me officio Marescalciae quod haereditariò ad me pertinet possedi nec aliquo ad illud me restituere voluit requisitus Happily upon this ground which Rigordus the French Historian writeth in this age of the Marshalship of France Haereditaria successio in talibus officiis locum non habet And after he was dead and his brethren his five sisters and coheirs which as appeareth by the partition had every one a thousand five hundred and twenty pounds yearly rent began to contend about the office of the Marshalship and the Mannor of Hamsted-Marshal in the county of Berkshire belonging to the same but Roger Bigod son of the eldest daughter with great difficulty obtained the same For as Matthew Paris writeth 1246. Multiplicatis intercessionibus concessa est Marescalcia cum officio honore Comiti Rogero Bigod ratione Comitissae filiae Comitis magni Willielmi Marescalli primogenitae matris suae His nephew Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk was enforced to surrender to King Edward the first this office with all his inheritance in England Ireland and Wales for certain insolencies against the King and this Roger or his Unkle Roger was he which first stiled himself as pride is highest when downfall nearest Marescallus Angliae whereas all his Predecessors used no other stiles than the simple addition of Marescallus as Gulielmus Richardus Gilbertus Marescallus Comes Pembrociae And no doubt but as the greatness of William Marshall the elder called the Great Earl which he had gotten in the minority of King Henry the third gave the first greatness to this office so there was a far greater access of dignity thereunto when King Edward the second granted to Thomas of Brotherton his half Brother a Prince of the blood the lands of Bigod and shortly after the office of Marshalship with the rights thereunto belonging and performing the service accordingly After the death of Thomas of Brotherton we find William Montacute Earl of Sarum Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick Henry Lord Piercy John Fitz-Alane Lord Matravers Thomas Holland Earl of Kent and then Thomas Mowbray right heir unto Brotherton had the office of Marshall of England with the name stile title state and honour granted unto him in the 20th year of King Richard the second de assensu Parliamenti sibi haeredibus suis masculis de corpore Yet nevertheless the next year after he being banished it was granted to Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey as amply as it was to him that he might as well bear in the presence and absence of the King a Rod of Gold enameled at both ends with the King's Arms in the upper end and his own in the lower end Afterwards according to the alteration of times sometimes to the Mowbrays and the Howards descended from them sometimes others by interruptions upon sundry occasions enjoyed the same dignity What belonged to that office anciently I have read nothing but that at a coronation of King Richard the first William Marshal Earl of Pembroke carried the Royal Scepter which had the Cross on the top and at the coronation of Queen Eleanor Wife to King Henry the third the Marshal carried a Rod before the King made way both in Church and Court and ordered the Feast as Matthew Paris writeth There is a Treatise carried about the Office of the Earl Marshall in the time of King Henry the second and another of the time of Thomas of Brotherton where I find confusedly what belonged to them in court and camp as in court that at the Coronation the Marshall should have the King's horse and harness and the Queen's palfrey that he should hold the Crown at the Coronation that he should have upon high feasts as the high Usher the tablecloths and cloth of state for that day that he keep the hall in quiet that he should bring offenders within the Verge before the high Steward that he should assign lodgings and when the King passed the sea each man to his ship that he should have for his livery three winter robes at Christmas and three summer robes at Whitsuntide that he should allow but twelve common women to follow the Court in which service I suppose he had Hamo de Gaynton his substitute which was called Marescallus meretricum by which service he held the mannor of Cateshall in the County of Surrey that he should have a Deputy in the Kings-Bench that he should keep Vagabonds from the Court. In Camp that he should lead the forward that the Constable with him should hold courts in camp that he should have certain special forfeitures as armour and weapons of Prisoners to appoint lodgings to be abroad till all be lodged to have fees of armourers and victuallers of the camp to have all the armour and whole cloth of towns taken by composition to have ransom of Prisoners escaped if they be taken again with many such like too long here to be specified and in peace and war the Marshal should execute the Constables commandments in Arrests and Attachments and that appeareth by the process between Grey and Hastings In the second statute of Westminster held 13 Ed. I. when many grievances of the
the Stoure receives a small river call'd Alen upon which stands S. Giles Winburn the dwelling-place of the honourable and ancient family of h Ashley is the name It came by descent to the present E. of Shaftsbury from Sir Anthony Ashley who was in several publick Employments in the reign of Qu. Elizabeth he having given his only daughter and heiress in marriage to Sir John Cooper of Rockbourn in Hampshire who had issue by her Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper who in the year 1661. was made a Peer by the title of Baron Ashley of Wimborne St. Giles having chosen that title pursuant to an Article in the aforesaid marriage That if Sir John Coopor or heirs should come to be honoured with the degree of Peerage they should take that for their title In the year 1672. Lord Ashley was created Earl of Shaftsbury to whom succeeded his son the present Earl with whom this Estate and Seat remains Astely Knights Ashleys Knights and Wickhampton the patrimonial estate heretofore of the Barons of Maltravers Maltravers the last of whom in the reign of Edw. 3. left two daughters only one of which was marry'd to John de Arundel the grandfather of John Earl of Arundel who left to his heirs the title of Barons of Maltravers the other was the wife of Robert le Rous and afterwards of John Keynes Knight From hence the Stoure flows on by Canford Canford below which not long since James Baron of Montjoy who particularly search'd into the nature of metals began to make Chalcanthum that is Coperas Coperas as we call it and boil alum From hence formerly John Earl of Warren forcibly as it were ravish'd and took away Alice Lacy the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster with much injury to his reputation and no small damage to England as appears by our Chronicles Here the river Stoure leaves Dorsetshire and running through some parts of Hantshire disembogues it self into the Ocean having first receiv'd a little river which flows to Cranborne Cranborne a town well watered where in the year of our Lord 930. Aeilward a nobleman sirnam'd Meaw from his fair complexion founded a little monastery which Robert Fitz-Haimon a Norman transferr'd to Tewkesbury leaving a Monk or two here for to him the possessions of Aeilward sell From whom by succession it came by the Clares Earls of Glocester and Burbs Earls of Ulster Viscount Cranborne to Lionel Duke of Clarence and by him to the Crown But now Robert Cecil 24 Now Earl of Salisbury is Viscount of Cranborne whom King James deservedly for his most approv'd wisdom first dignify'd with the title of Baron Cecil of Essendon and the year after with that of Viscount Cranborne 25 South from hence lyeth Woodland empark'd sometime the seat of the worshipful family of the Filioll the heirs whereof are marry'd to Edward Seymor after Duke of Somerset and Willâ—ughby of Wallaton It should be Woelaton Farls and Marquesses of Dorset The life of Osmund MS. Touching the Earls and Marquesses of this Shire William the Conquerour after he had got the Crown of England i Matth. Paris Hist Min. An. 1189. made Osmund who was Earl of Seez in Normandy Bishop of Salisbury first then Earl of Dorset and Lord Chancellour having a great opinion of his wisdom and excellent learning A long time after See the Dukes of Somerset Richard 2. in the 21 year of his reign preferr'd John de Beaufort the son of John of Gaunt and Earl of Somerset to be Marquess of Dorset from which honour he was afterwards degraded by Hen. 4. out of ill will to Richard 2. And when in full Parliament the house of Commons with whom he was much in favour did earnestly intercede that his dignity of Marquess might be restor'd him he utterly refus'd to accept it professing a great aversion to such a novel and upstart title unknown before those times and his younger brother Thomas de Beaufort was created Earl of Dorset who afterwards for his valour was by Hen. 5. made Duke of Exeter and had the County of Harcourt given him For he gallantly defended Harflew in Normandy against the French and bravely put to flight the Earl of Armeniâ—c in a pitch'd battel After his decease without issue Hen. 6. nominated Edmund of the same house of Lancaster first Earl then Marquess of Dorset and at last Duke of Somerset whose sons being all taken off in the Civil wars and the house of Lancaster as it were quite routed Edw. 4. created Thomas Grey of the family of Ruthin who was his son-in-law for the King marry'd Grey's mother Marquess of Dorset when he came to the great estate of the Bonvils in this County and those adjoyning in the right of his wife Thomas his son and Henry his grandson by the said Thomas succeeded him who was created Duke of Suffolk by Edw. 6. upon his marriage with Francis the daughter of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk and neice to King Hen. 8. by his sister He suffer'd for high-treason in Queen Mary's reign and too late experimented of what dangerous consequence it is to marry into the Royal Family and to soar too high in ambitious hopes From his time the title of Dorset was conferr'd on no one till K. James in the beginning of his reign advanc'd Thomas Sackvill Baron of Buckhurst Lord High Treasurer of England to the Earldom of Dorset for his most exact diligence and singular wisdom as an ornamental honour justly due to his true virtue and the good service he had done his country 26 Who ended his life with sudden death An. 1608. and left Robert his son his successor who deceasing within the year left the said honour again to Richard his hopeful son whom he beâ—at of the Lady Margaret Howard daughter to the late Duke of Norfolk There are in this County 248 Parishes ADDITIONS to DORSETSHIRE a THE County of Dorset as it is observ'd by our Author to be adorn'd with woods pastures and fruitful valleys so is it principally enrich'd by the sea which supplies it with great plenty of the best fish and gives it an opportunity of improving it self by trading 'T is very much for the honour of it that K. Charles 2. declar'd he never saw a finer Country either in England or out of it Lime b The Town of Lime seems to have been much improv'd since Mr. Camden's time for it is now a Burrough consisting of 16 Capital Burgesses and a Recorder whereof there is a Mayor and two Justices The Mayor is the next year after his Mayoralty a Justice of the Peace and the year following Justice and Coroner The Peer there for the nature and largeness of it hath scarce it 's like in England and requires great cost yearly to maintain it The place is so much encreas'd that whereas our Author observes it could hardly be term'd a port on any other account than as frequented by
such as have curiously view'd the place have likewise trac'd out the particular uses of each part as the western part of it facing the Praetorium to have been for the foot and it could not contain less than three Legions i.e. about 18000 Soldiers the east part behind the Praetorium to have been for the Horse and Carriages and between both on each side of the Praetorium were the Tribunes and other Officers seated On the south side of this work is a place seemingly the mouth of a hollow cave which some nice Observers will have to be an artificial thing but for what use it should be contriv'd is altogether uncertain i From hence the Frome goes to Bindon Bindon where our Author observes that Kinegils beat the Britains But the analogy between the old and new name does hardly hold good For I find it in all the Copies of the ancient Saxon Annals to be writ Beamdune and not as Mr. Camden has it Beandun I see no reason why this Action may not very well be remov'd to Bampton upon the borders between Somersetshire and Devonshire The march of the Britains and all other circumstances do no less agree to this and the old name does much better suit it it being usual for after-ages to add the p after m to strengthen as it were the pronunciation Unless perhaps one should suppose that those works upon a hill south of Bindon namely a double form'd camp have been done by one of these two People k Near the place where the Frome emptieth it self into the bay stands Warham Warham fortified on the east and west sides by earthen walls thick and high besides the advantage of the rivers 'T is probable enough that this arose out of the ruins of a little poor place call'd Stowborough in the same manner as the present Salisbury has risen out of the ruins of the old for Stowborough tho' but a mean place is still govern'd by a Mayor which plainly shews that it has formerly been much more considerable and the natural strength of Warham among other things might invite them in those troublesome times to remove thither At present there are not the least remains of the Castle mention'd by our Author only the ground upon which it was built is call'd Castle-hill An argument of it 's once flourishing condition is the number of its Churches which they reckon were in all 8. Now there are only three us'd the rest being become sine-cures The east part also of the town and much of the west is now turn'd to gardens but the principal streets remain still l About 3 miles north of the Piddle is Midleton Midleton now call'd Melton-Abby the greatest part of it is still standing as having been the seat of the Tregonwells ever since the time of the Dissolution from whom it is newly come by the marriage of the daughter and heir of John Tregonwell to the Luterells of Dunster-castle m North-west from hence is Shirburne Shirburne which our Author tells us is a retiring place of the Bishops of Salisbury But since the Reformation all the old Bishopricks having been cruelly lopp'd Salisbury has lost this the chief rents only reserv'd to the Crown The main end it has been put to is to gratifie great Favourites none of whom having long enjoy'd it the world has took occasion from this and other like instances to make a remark that Church-lands will not stick by Lay-owners East of the river Stoure stands Shaftsbury Shaftsbury which in the year 1672. gave the title of Earl to Anthony Ashley in the same year made Lord Chancellor of England whose son of the same name now enjoys that honour n Going along with the river Stoure we come to the place our Author names Silleston at present call'd Shillingston Shillingston and more anciently Aukford Eskilling as having been the possession of the Family of Eskilling The latter of the two hills he mentions is only fortify'd with a single rampire and may seem to have been a Camp where the enemies to the more settl'd garrison in Hameldon lodg'd By whom it was cast up is hard to determine however we may more safely conclude it to have been a work of the Danes than of the Romans both because of it's irregularity and its being omitted by Antoninus o A mile south from hence is Auckford Auckford by the common people corruptly call'd Fipenny Okford because it belong'd once to the Fitz-paines In the reign of King Stephen or before it was the inheritance of the great Family of de Lincolnia call'd by the French de Nichol and Alured being an usual name in that family it was sometimes nam'd Auckford Alured as 9 Edw. 1. and sometimes Auckford Nichol as in the 10 Edw. 1. when the Lord thereof procur'd it a Fair and Market The difference and reason of the name is the more worth our observation because it secures us against running into an error obvious enough viz. that these might be distinct places p Returning to the river we meet with Brienston Brienston the seat as our Author observes of the Rogers In which family it continu'd till lately Sir William Portman purchas'd it who has left it to Henry Portman his adopted heir and he by buildings and otherwise has much adorn'd and improv'd it This was held in Grand Sergeanty by a pretty odd jocular tenure viz. By finding a man to go before the King's army for forty days when he should make war in Scotland some Records say in Wales bare headed and bare-footed in his Shirt and Linnen-drawers holding in one hand a bow without a string in the other an arrow without feathers q Hard by is Blandford Blandford an ancient burrough and which 22 Edw. 3. and 33 Edw. 3. sent Burgesses to Parliament In the 34 Edw. 1. Henry Lacy Lord of the mannour of Kingston Lacy had divers Burgesses in it belonging to that mannour paying in all 40 s. a year rent r Upon the same river is Winburne Winburne whose high steeple mention'd by Mr. Camden is since fallen and nothing remains of it but only a fine tower upon which it stood s Cardinal Poole who was Dean here was of the Royal blood by being son to Margaret Poole Countess of Salisbury and daughter to George Duke of Clarence brother to King Edward 4. t The School built here by Margaret Countess of Richmond is beholden since to a greater Benefactress Queen Elizabeth who considerably improv'd it u Next is Badbury Badbury from whence the Castle mention'd by our Author which depends merely upon tradition may very well be remov'd and a Station settl'd in it's place For 't is probable enough that this was a summer Station of a Legion or part of a Legion which might have their winter Station at Winburne But however this be that it belong'd to the Romans is evident from their coins found there where also a Roman Sword and divers Urns have been
Montacute in Domesday Montagud it salutes Montacute so call'd by the Earl of Moriton brother by the mother's side to William 1. †If Leland be Mr. Camden's authority for this he freely declares he had it only by hear-say who built a castle at the very top of the hill and a Religious house at the bottom of it because it rises by degrees into a sharp point whereas before that it was nam'd * In the Copy of Leland which I had it is Logaresburch and 't is probable Mr. Camden had it from him Logoresburg and Bischopeston Annals of Glassenbury But the castle has been quite destroy'd these many years and the stones carry'd off to build the Religious house and other things Afterwards on the very top of the hill was a Chappel made and consecrated to S. Michael the arch and roof curiously built of hard stone and the ascent to it is round the mountain up stone-stairs for near half a mile Now the Monastery and Chappel are both demolish'd and the greatest ornament it has is a delicate house which the worthy c His grandson Sir Edward Philips is still living Sir Edward Philips Knight Serjeant at Law lately built at the foot of the mountain Lords of Montacute This place gave name to the honourable family of the Montacutes descended from Drogo * Juvene the Young Of this family there were four Earls of Salisbury the last left issue one only daughter which had by Richard Nevil the famous Richard Earl of Warwick that * turbâ—â—â—â— Whirlwind of England and John Marquess of Montacute both kill'd in the battle of Barnet in the year 1472. But the title of Baron Montacute was conferr'd upon Henry Poole Son of Margaret daughter of George Duke of Clarence descended from a daughter of that Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick by King Henry 8. who presently after beheaded him Queen Mary bestow'd the title and honour of Viscount Montacute upon Anthony Brown whose grandmother was daughter of John Nevil Marquess of Montacute d It still continues in the same family and the honour is at present enjoy'd by Francis Viscount Mountague and his grandchild by a son now enjoys it 9 And here I must not forget Preston sometime the seat of John Sturton younger son to the first Lord Struton one of whose heirs was marry'd to Sidenham of Brimston thereby Next to this is Odcombe Odcomâ—â— which tho' but a very small town must not yet be omitted because it has had it's Baron Barons William de Briewer Bâ—iewâ—r for so his father was call'd as being born * In eâ—â—â— in a heath who 10 Who being taken up in the New-Forest by K. Henry the sâ—cond in a hunting journey prov'd 〈◊〉 great man having great interest at Court being also an entire Favourite of Richard 1. was respected and caressed by all and so got a very large estate 11 Marry'd Beatrix of Vannes Widow to Reginald Earl of Cornwall with which by the marriage of his daughters for his son dy'd without issue he made a great accession to the estates of the Brees Wakes Mohuns La-ferts and Pereys Below this at a little distance is Stoke under Hamden where the Gornays had their castle and built a College This family surnam'd de Gornaico and commonly Gornay was very ancient and illustrious descended from the same stock with the Warrens Earls of Surrey and the Mortimers But in the last age it was extinct and part of that estate came by the Hamptons to the Knightly family of the Newtons Newtoâ—â— who freely own themselves to be of Welsh extraction and not long ago to have been call'd Caradocks Nor must we forget to mention that Matthew Gornay was bury'd here a stout souldier in the time of Edward 3. and dy'd in the 96th year of his age after he had been dd The Inscription was in French and is set down at large by Leland where 't is express'd that he dy'd Sept. 26. An. 1406. as the Inscription witnesseth at the siege of D'algizer against the Saracens at the battles of Benamazin Sclusa Cressia Ingines Poictiers and Nazaran in Spain Next the Parret waters Martock a little market-town which formerly William of Bologne son to king Stephen gave to Faramusius of Bologne Farâ—moâ—â— of Bâ—loâ— Fieâ—es whose only daughter and heir Sibill was marry'd to Ingelram de Fienes and from them are descended the Fienes Barons of Dacre and the Barons of Say and Zele From hence the Parret cuts it's way into the north through a muddy plain by Langport a market-town pretty well frequented and by Aulre Aulre a little village of a few small hurts which yet seems once to have been a town of better note For when Alfred had so shatter'd the Danes and by a siege forc'd them to surrender that they took an Oath to depart out of his dominions with all expedition and e I think most of our Historians call it Godrun the Saxon Annals constantly mention it under that name Godrus their King as Asser tells us promis'd to embrace Christianity then Alfred in this place took him out of the sacred font of Regeneration with great pomp The Parret running from hence receives the river Thone which rising at a great distance in the western part of the County next Devonshire passes through delicate fields 12 Near Wivelscomb assign'd anciently to the Bishop of Bath to Wellington Wellinâ— which in the time of Edward the Elder was the ground of six Mansion-houses at what time he gave this along with Lediard Lediaâ—â— which was of twelve Mansion-houses to the Bishop of Shirbourn It is now a little market-town receiving it's greatest glory from an honourable Inhabitant for persons eminent for virtue and their good services to their country deserve always to be mention'd 13 Sir John Popham John Popham J. Pophâ— memorable as for the antiquity of his noble descent so for his strict justice and singular industry This man now Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench administers Justice with so much evenness and such a temper'd severity that England has for this long time been mostly indebted to him for it's domestick peace and security Going from hence with a gentle and easie course the Thone washes Thonton or Taunton 〈…〉 and gives it that name It is a neat town delicately seated and in short one of the eyes of this County Here Ina King of the West-Saxons built a castle which Desburgia his wife levell'd with the ground after she had driven Eadbricth King of the East-Saxons out of it who had got possession and us'd it as a curb to a conquer'd nation In the reign of Edward the Confessor it gelded so it is in Domesday-book for 54 hides had 63 Burgers and was held by the Bishop of Winchester whose Pleadings were here kept thrice a year Those Customs belong to Taunton Burgheriste robbers breach of the
this city being both besieg'd and storm'd first surrender'd it self to the Saxons and in a few years as it were recovering it self took the new name of Akmancester q and grew very splendid For Osbrich in the year 676. built a Nunnery and presently after when it came into the hands of the Mercians King Offa built another Church but both were destroy'd in the Danish Wars r Out of the ruins of these there grew up another Church dedicated to S. Peter to which Eadgar sirnam'd the Peaceful because he was there inaugurated King granted several immunities the memory whereof the inhabitants still keep up by anniversary sports In the times of Edw. the Confessor as we read in Domesday-book it gelded for 20 Hides when the Shire gelded There were 64 Burgesses of the King 's and 30 of others But this flourishing condition was not lasting for presently after the Norman Conquest Robert Mowbray nephew to the Bishop of Constance who rais'd a hot rebellion against William Rufus plunder'd and burn'd it But it got up again in a short time by the assistance of John de Villula of Tours in France who being Bishop of Wells did as Malmesbury informs us y Malmesbury has it quingentis libris i.e. 500 pounds for five hundred marks purchase the city of Henry 1. whither he translaâ—ed his See z He was only stil'd Bâ—shop of Bath subscribing himself commonly Joannes Lathon as Doctor Gaidot in his MS. history of the place has prov'd by several instances tho' still retaining the name of Bishop of Wells and built him here a new Cathedral But this not long ago being ready to drop down Oliver King Bishop of Bath laid the foundation of another near it exceeding large and stately which he well-nigh finish'd And if he had quite finish'd it without all doubt it had exceeded most Cathedrals in England But the untimely death of that great Bishop with the publick disturbances 38 And the suppression of Religious houses ensuing and the avarice of some persons who as t is said converted the money gather'd thro' England for that end to other uses envy'd it this glory s However from that time forward Bath has been a flourishing place both for the woollen manufacture and the great resort of strangers 39 For health twice a year and is now encompass d with walls wherein they have fix'd some ancient images and Roman Inscriptions to evidence the Antiquity of the place but age has so wore them out that they are scarce legible And lest any thing should be wanting to the Dignity of Bath Earls of Bath it has honour'd some of the Nobility with the title of Earl For we read that Philebert de Chandew born in Bretagne in France had that title conferr'd upon him by King Henry 7. Afterwards King Henry 8. in the 28th year of his reign created John Bourchier Lord Fitz-Warin Iâ—quis 31 Hen. 8. Earl of Bath 40 Who dyed shortly after leaving by his wife the sister of H. Daubenâ—y Earl of Bridgewater John second Earl of this family who by the daughter of George Lord Roos had John Lord Fitz-Warin who deceased before his father having by Frances the daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrave Wâ—lliam now third Earl of Bathe who dying in the 31 year of the same King was succeeded by John his son who dy'd in the third year of Queen Elizabeth He before the death of his father had John Lord Fitz Warin from whom is descended William the present Earl of Bath who every day improves the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning ss Geographers make the Longitude of this City to be 20 degrees and 56 minutes the Latitude 51 degrees and 21 minutes For a conclusion take if you please those Verses such as they are concerning Bathe made by Necham who flourish'd 400 years ago Bathoniae thermas vix praefero Virgilianas Confecto prosunt balnea nostra seni Prosunt attritis collisis invalidisque Et quorum morbis frigida causa subest Praevenit humanum stabilis natura laborem Servit naturae legibus artis opus Igne suo succensa quibus data balnea fervent Aenea subter aquas vasa latere putant Errorem figmenta solent inducere passim Sed quid sulphureum novimus esse locum Scarce ours to Virgil's Baths the preference give Here old decrepit wretches find relief To bruises sores and ev'ry cold disease Apply'd they never fail of quick success Thus human ills kind nature does remove Thus nature's kindness human arts improve They 're apt to fancy brazen stoves below To which their constant heat the waters owe. Thus idle tales deluded minds possess But what we know that 't is a sulph'ry place Take also if you think them worth your reading two ancient Inscriptions lately digg'd up upon the high-way below the city in Waldcot-field and remov'd by Robert Chambers a great admirer of Antiquities into his gardens where I transcrib'd them C. MVRRIVS C. F. ARNIENSIS FORO IVLI. MODESTVS MIL. LEG II. * Adjâ—â—â—â—cis prae â—licis AD. P. F. IVLI. SECVND AN. XXV STIPEND †Hic sâ—â— est H. S. E. DIS MANIBVS M. VALERIVS M. POL. EATINVS * C. EQ MILES LEG AVG. AN. XXX STIPEN X. H. S. E. I saw likewise these Antiquities fasten'd on the inner side of the wall between the north and west gates Hercules holding up his left hand with his Club in the right In a broken piece of stone is this writing in large and beautiful letters * Decâ—â—ioni DEC COLONIAE †Glevi 〈◊〉 Glocester GLEV. VIXIT AN. LXXXVI Next leaves folded in Hercules bending two snakes and in a sepulchral table between two little images one whereof holds an Amalthaean horn there is written in a worse character and scarce legible D. M. SVCC PETRONIAE VIXIT ANN. IIII. * Meâ—â— M. IIII. †Dies D. XV. EPO MVLVS ET VICTISIRANA ‖ Filix â—rissime â—cerunt FIL. KAR. FEC A little below in a broken piece of stone and large letters is VRN IOP Between the west and south gates Ophiucus enfolded by a serpent two men's heads with curl'd locks within the copings of the walls a hare running and underneath in a great stone this in letters a cross VLIA ILIA A naked man as 't were laying hands upon a soldier also between the battlements of the walls leaves two lying kissing and embracing each other a footman brandishing his sword and holding forth his shield another footman with a spear and these letters a-cross on a stone III VSA IS VXSC. And Medusa's head with her snaky hairs t Upon the same river Avon which is the bound here between this County and Glocestershire on the western bank of it is Cainsham Cainâ—â— so nam'd from Keina a devout British Virgin whom many of the last age through an over-credulous temper believ'd to have chang'd serpents into stones Serpeâ—â— stones because they find sometimes in
Shirburn by Herman the eighth Bishop Wil. Malmesb of Bishops was at last as I have said before translated to Salisbury and carried with it all the reputation from this place because at Ramesbery there was neither a Chapter of the Clergy nor any thing for their maintenance On the other side the river more toward the East is 30 Not long since the seat of the Darels Littlecot Littlecot which is to be mention'd upon the account of John Popham Lord of it who being Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench discharges his Office with great applause as I have said before 31 And hereby runneth the limit between this shire and Berkshire Hitherto I have surveyed the County of Wilts which as it is in Domesday-book for I do not think it improper to be taken notice of paid the King 10 l. for an Hawk 20 s. for a Sumpter-horse one hundred shillings and five Ores for Hay I am wholly ignorant what sort of Money these Ores were Ore what only thus much I have noted out of the register of Burton-Abbey that 20 Ores p Of these Ores see Mr. Walker's Dissertation prefix'd to the Life of K. Alfred were worth 2 marks of silver Earls of Wiltshire The Earls of this Shire have been but few tho' of divers Families besides those of Salisbury which I have mention'd before For excepting Weolsthan before the Norman Conquest q There was also in the Saxon times one Ethelhelm that was Earl of this County sc about 886. it had none that I know of till Richard 2.'s time who preferred William le Scrope to that honour but this man's grandeur continu'd and fell with his Prince for when that King was dethron'd this Earl was beheaded Not many years after he was succeeded by James Butler Earl of Ormond who was raised to this dignity by King Henry 6. But when the House of Lancaster was in a declining condition he was attainted and King Edward 4. conferred this title on John Stafford younger son of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham to whom succeeded his son Edward who died without issue King Henry 8. afterward dignified with this honour Henry Stafford descended from the Buckingham-family who not long enjoying his title dyed without issue At last it came to the family of the Bollens by the favour of the same King who made Thomas Bollen Viscount Rochford descended from an Heiress of Th. Butler Earl of Ormond Earl of Wiltshire whose daughter Ann the King married which match was unfortunate to her self her Brother and her Parents but lucky for England because she it was that gave birth to that excellent Princess Queen Elizabeth Queen Eâ—â—zabeth who doth merit eternal honour for her excellent management of the Kingdom and is highly to be admired for many great virtues much above her sex But when this Thomas Bollen died without issue male of grief occasion'd by the unhappy fate of his Children this title lay dormant until King Edward 6. qualified therewith William Powlet Lord S. John of Basing See Biâ— in Hâ—â—shire whom afterwards he raised to be Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England in whose posterity it yet remaineth There are in this County 304 Parishes ADDITIONS to WILTSHIRE a WILTSHIRE in Saxon Wiltunscyre and by the Historians of succeeding ages melted by degrees into our Wiltshire call'd also Provincia Semerana and Severnia or Provincia Severorum is the largest mid-land County of any in England as may be easily observed by the * Appendix to the 2. Tome of â—he English â—torians ancient computation of it's Hides For we find that in Wiltysire as 't is there term'd were 4800 hides which is more by 2000 than any Shire mention'd by that Author The 39 miles in length and 29 in breadth which Spede assigns to it will be found too little both ways upon an accurate survey a Our Author observes among other advantages that this County is watered with the Isis which afterwards takes the name of Thamisis Thamisis not from a conjunction of Thame and Isis An error with which the world is so possess'd that 't will be a hard matter to make them part with it notwithstanding it plainly appears that this river was always call'd Thames or Tems before ever it came near Thame For instance in an ancient Charter granted to Abbot Aldhelm there is particular mention made of certain lands upon the east part of the river cujus vocabulum Temis juxta vadum qui appellatur Summerford and this ford is in Wiltshire The same thing appears from several other Charters granted to the Abby of Malmsbury as well as that of Enesham and from the old Deeds relating to Cricklade And perhaps it may safely be affirmed that in any Charter or authentick History it does not ever occur under the name of Isis which indeed is not so much as ever heard of but among scholars the common people all along from the head of it down to Oxford calling it by no other name but that of Thames So also the Saxon Temese from whence our Tems immediately comes is a plain evidence that that people never dreamt of any such conjunction But farther all our Historians that mention the Incursions of Aethelwold into Wiltshire A. D. 905. or of Canute A. D. 1016. tell us that they pass'd over the Thames at Cricklade For the original of the word it plainly seems to be British because one may observe several rivers in several parts of England of almost the same name with it as Tame in Staffordshire Teme in Herefordshire Tamar in Cornwall c. And the learned Mr. Llwyd affirms it to be the same with their Tâf which is the name of many rivers in Wales the Romans changing the pronunciation of the British f into m as the Latin word Demetia is in Welsh Dyfed b As for Wansditch Wansâ—â— the course whereof is trac'd in the Map it seems to be so far from having been drawn for a boundary between the West-Saxons and Mercians as our Author would have it that it was probably made long before the settlement of the Mercian Kingdom viz. by Cerdick the first King of the West-Saxons or by Kenric his son against the incursions of the Britains who even in K. Ceaulin's time as Malmsbury tells us made frequent inroads into this County from their garrisons at Bath Glocester and Cirencester And the same Historian informs us that Ceaulin was routed by the Britains not as other writers at Wodensburgh but at Wodenesdic which seems to intimate that it was made before that time and was then a boundary between the two people The rampire and graff of this Wansditch are very large the rampire on the south-side And besides this ditch there are several others of less note still visible upon the plains especially about Stone-henge and in the †Moâ— Angâ—â—â— Saxon-Charter of lands belonging to Wilton-Abbey there is mention made of no less than 13 distinct
Ouse as appears by a distich in a window of S. Helen's Church there and turned the high road hither for a short cut it became so much frequented as to be reckon'd amongst the principal towns of this County having a Mayor and much enriching it self by steep'd barley sprouting and chitting again which the Greeks call Byne and we Mault Mault It hath besides a Cross of excellent workmanship in the middle of the Market-place erected as 't is reported in the reign of K. Henry 6. by the fraternity of St. Cross instituted by him As Cissa was the founder of this Abbey so Cilla as I have it out of an old book King Cedwalla's sister built a Nunnery at Helnestow near the Thames where her self presided over the Virgins who were afterwards translated to Witham In the heat of the war between Offa and Kinulph the Nuns upon the building of a castle there retired from thence For after that Kinulph was overthrown whatsoever lay under his jurisdiction from the town of Wallingford in the south part from Ichenilde-streete as far as * Now Ashbury near Whitehorse Hill Essebury and in the north part as far as the River Thames King Offa seiz'd upon Near unto it north-west lies Lee which by the daughter of a certain Knight sirnam'd de Lee fell to the family of the Besiles Besiles Lee. Fetiplace and thence came to be call'd Besiles-Lee and from that family in right of marriage to Richard Fetiplace whose progenitor Thomas brought some honour to his posterity by matching with Beatrix a natural daughter of John 1. King of Portugal 1 And widow to Gilbert Lord Talbot from whom they are descended But now let us return Hard by Abington the little River Ock which washes the south-side of the town and over which Sir John St. Helens Knight formerly built a bridge gently falls into the Ouse It hath it's rise in the vale of White-horse scarce a mile or two from Kingston-Lisle Viscounts Lisle anciently the possession of Warin de Insula or Lisle a noble Baron John Talbot a younger son of that famous Warriour John Earl of Shrewsbury being by the mother's side descended from that Baron was first created Baron L'isle 2 By K. Henry 6. as Warin de Insula was before in regard of his being possess'd of this place as if that honour were annext to it and afterwards Viscount L'isle 3 By a Patent without any such regard This title by the favour of our Kings hath in a continued series still flourish'd in his posterity For to sum up all in short when Thomas Talbot son of that John dy'd issueless being shot through the mouth with an arrow as in a skirmish he was defending his estate against Baron Barkley Edward Grey who had marry'd his sister receiv'd the same honour from King Richard 3. and had a son nam'd John whose only daughter and heir being an infant was contracted to Charles Brandon by King Henry 8. and thereupon he became Viscount L'isle but she dying before the solemnization of the marriage this his title dy'd with her Afterwards the same King Henry conferr'd this honour upon Arthur Plantagenet a natural son of King Edward 4. who had marry'd Elizabeth the sister of John Grey Viscount L'isle Edmund Dudley's widow And upon his dying without issue-male John Dudley son of Edmund Dudley by the same Elizabeth Grey afterwards Duke of Northumberland 4 In the time of K. Edward 6. was honour'd by the same King with this title But he being attainted 5 By Queen Mary Queen Elizabeth restor'd in blood his son Ambrose and before she created him Earl of Warwick the same day made him Baron L'isle 6 Who ended his life issueless and Robert Sidney his sister's son a person illustrious for his so noble descent and his own virtues was honour'd with the title of Viscount L'isle 1605. by King James who had before created him Baron Sidney of Pensherst and likewise made him Lord Chamberlain to his Royal Consort Queen Ann d Thence this river Ock just now mention'd runs between Pusey Pusey still in the possession of a Family of that Sirname and held by a Horn given to their ancestors by King Canutus the Dane e and the two Denchworths hard by Denchworth where two noble and ancient Families have long flourish'd Hide at South-Denchworth and Fetiplace at North-Denchworth both which may seem to have sprung from the same stock considering they give the same Coat of Arms. After this the Ock receives a nameless rivulet which flows out of the same Vale about Wantage call'd in Saxon Wanating anciently a Royal Vill and the birth-place of the famous King Alfred which at his death he bequeath'd to Alfrith It was made a market-town not long after by the interest of that valiant Soldier Foulk Fitzwarin upon whom Roger Bigod Earl Marshal of England had bestow'd it for his singular courage and great conduct in War and it now owns for it's Lords the Bourchiers Earls of Bath descended from the race of the Fitzwarins of which family some are bury'd here f The Ouse leaving Abington presently receives the Tame out of Oxfordshire of which river elsewhere and now by a compound word being call'd Thamisis the Thames The Thames Sinodun first makes a visit to Sinodun an high hill defended with a deep ditch where 't is certain in ancient times there was a Roman fortification for the ground being now broken up with the Plough Roman Coins a certain sign of antiquity are now and then found by the Ploughmen Bretwel Beneath it at Brettwell there was a Castle if it were not really upon this hill which Henry 2. Rob. Montensis took by force a little before his making peace with King Stephen From hence the Thames bends it's course to the once chief City of the Attrebatii call'd by Antoninus Galleva Attrebatum by Ptolemy Galeva but both of them through the carelesness of Copiers name it wrong instead of Gallena Gallena and these likewise in the Greek Copies obtrude upon us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by a transposition of the letters for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For I have been of the opinion that it was so call d in the British tongue as it were Guall hen that is the Old Fort. Which name being still kept and Ford from a shallow place in the river added to it a See this opinion confuted in the Additions to Wiltshire the Saxons in ancient times call'd it b Wealingford Walingeford and Walingford by the Saxon Annals according to the several ages Guallengaford and Wallengaford and we now-a-days by contraction Wallingford Wallingford In K. Edward the Confessor's time it was counted a Borough and contain'd in it as we find in Domesday book 276 * Hagas houses yielding 9 pound †De Gâ—â—â— Tax and those that dwelt there did the King service on horseback or else by water Of those
Moels and the Courteneys much augmented his estate His son Robert who marry'd the daughter and heir of the Lord Botereaux enrich'd the family more and then Robert his son who had to Wife Eleanor the daughter and heir of William Molines upon which account he was honour'd among the Barons of the Kingdom by the name of Lord Molines and during the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster was beheaded at New-castle made great additions to it Thomas his son slain at Salisbury in his father's life-time left Mary an only daughter married to Edward Lord Hastings with whom he had a great estate But Walter brother to the said Thomas begat Edward Hungerford father of that Walter whom Henry 8. created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury and condemned afterwards for a very heinous crime nevertheless Queen Mary restor'd his children to every thing but the dignity of Barons h Not far from hence towards the South lies Widehay â—idehay long the seat of the Barons of St. Amand â—â—ons of Amand. whose estate by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok and Elizabeth his eldest grand-daughter by his son Gerard transferr'd the estate by marriage to William Beauchamp who being summon'd to Parliament by the name of William Beauchamp of St. Amand â—â—uchamp 〈◊〉 Amand was a Baron as his son Richard also was who had no legitimate issue From thence the river Kenet taking it's course between Hemsted Marshall anciently held * Per virgam Marescalliae by the Rod of the Marshalsea and belonging to the Marshals of England where †Sir Thomas Thomas Parry Treasurer of the Houshold to Queen Elizabeth built a very fine seat and Benham Valence so call'd from it's belonging to William Valence Earl of Pembroke 7 But Queen Elizabeth gave it to John Baptista Castilion a Piemontes of her Privy Chamber for faithful service in her dangers comes to Spinae Spinae the old town mention'd by Antoninus which retaining still it's name is call'd Spene but instead of a town is now a poor little village scarce a mile from Newbury a noted town that had it's rise out of the ruines of it For Newbury Newbury with us is as much as the New Borough that is in regard to Spinae the more ancient place which is quite decay'd but hath left the name in part of Newbury it self still call'd Spinhamlands And if nothing else yet this certainly might prove that Newbury fetcht it's original from Spinae for that the inhabitants of Newbury owns the little village Spene for their mother tho' Newbury compar'd with Spene is for it's buildings and neatness a very considerable town and much enrich'd by cloathing well seated upon a plain and has the river Kenet running through it In the Norman Conquest this town fell to Ernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch Lib. Inquisitionum whose great grandson Thomas Earl of Perch being slain at the siege of Lincoln the Bishop of Chalons his heir sold it to William Marshall Earl of Pembroke who likewise held the mannour of Hempsted hard by spoken of before as did his successors Marshals of England till Roger Bigod for his obstinacy lost his honour of Earl Marshal and possessions too which notwithstanding by much †precariò intercession he obtain'd again for life i The Kenet continues on his course from hence and receives by the way the little river Lamborn Lamborn which at it's rise imparts the name to a small market-town that in ancient times belong'd to Alfrith K. Alfred's Cousin having been left him by the said King in his Will and afterwards was the Fitzwarin's who obtain'd the privilege of a market of Henry 3. But now it belongs to the Knightly family of Essex which derives it's pedigree from William de Essex Under-Treasurer of England in Edw. 4.'s time and from those of the same sirname in Essex that liv'd in great repute and honour there From thence this little river runs beneath g In the late Civil Wars it was a garrison for the King Dennington Dunnington-castle call'd also Dunnington a little but very neat castle seated on the brow of a woody hill having a fine prospect and windows on all sides very lightsome They say it was built by Sir Richard de Abberbury Knight founder also of God's House beneath it for the relief of the poor Afterwards it was the residence of h It was the house of Jeoffery Chaucer and there under an Oak commonly call'd Chaucer's Oak he is said to have penn'd many of his famous Poems The Oak till within these few years was standing Chaucer then of the De la Poles and within the memory of our fathers of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk And now the Kenet having run a long way passes at last by Aldermaston Aldermaston which Henry 1. gave to Robert Achard from whose posterity by the De la Mares it came at length by right of marriage to the Fosters a Knightly family At last it runs into the Thames having first with it's windings encompass'd a great part of Reading This little city or town of Reading Reading call'd in Saxon * Per virgam Marescalliae Rheadyge of Rhea that is the River or of the British word Redin signifying Fern which grew in great plenty hereabouts for the neatness of it's streets the fineness of it's buildings for it's riches and the reputation it hath gotten for making of cloath goes beyond all the other towns of this county tho' it hath lost it's greatest ornaments the beautiful Church and very ancient Castle k For this as Asserius tells us the Danes kept possession of when they drew a ditch between the Kenet and the Thames and hither they retreated after King Ethelwolph had routed them at Inglefield Inglefield a little village in the neighbourhood which gives name to a noble and ancient family But it was so demolish'd by K. Henry 2. because it was a place of refuge for King Stephen's party that nothing now remains of it but the bare name in the next street Near to this K. Hen. 1. having pull'd down a little Nunnery founded in former times by Queen Alfritha to expiate for some crimes built a most magnificent Abbey for Monks and enrich'd it with great Revenues Which Prince to use the very words of his Charter of Foundation Because three Abbeys in the kingdom of England were formerly for their sins destroy'd that is Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre which were long in Lay-mens hands by the advice of the Bishops founded a new Monastery at Reading and endow'd it with Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre In this Abbey was interr'd the Founder himself King Henry 7 With his wife both veil'd and crown'd for that she had been a Queen and professed Nun. Maud the Empress together with his daughter Maud as appears by the private history of the place tho' some report that she was bury'd at Becc in Normandy Who as well
they had built here a wooden bridge upon piles it began to have inns and to be so frequented as to outvie its neighbouring mother Bray a much more ancient place as having given name to the whole Hundred I have long been of the opinion that the Bibroci Bibroci who submitted themselves to Caesar's protection held these parts and why shou'd I not think so There are very clear and plain remains of the name Bibracte likewise in France is now contracted into Bray and not far from hence Caesar cross'd the Thames with his army as I shall shew in its proper place when these parts submitted themselves to him Certainly shou'd one seek for the Bibroci elsewhere he wou'd I believe hardly find them â—â—dior Among these Bibroci stands Windesore in Saxon perhaps from the winding shore Wyndleshora for so it is term'd in K. Edw. the Confessor's Charter who in these very words made a Grant of it to Westminster To the praise of Almighty God I have granted as an endowment and perpetual inheritance to the use of those that serve the Lord Windleshore with its appurtenances And I have read nothing more ancient concerning Windsor Windsor But the Monks had not long held it in possession when William the Norman by exchange brought it back to the crown For thus his Charter runs With the consent and favour of the venerable Abbot of Westminster I have enter'd into a composition about Windsor's being in the possession of the Crown because that place seems commodious by the nearness of the river the forest fit for hunting and many other particulars therein convenient for Kings being likewise a place fit for the King's entertainment in lieu whereof I have granted them Wokendune and Ferings Scarce any Royal Seat can certainly have a more pleasant situation For from an high hill rising with a gentle ascent it hath an admirable prospect round about It s front overlooks a long and wide valley chequer'd with corn-fields and green meadows clothed on each side with groves and water'd with the calm and gentle Thames Behind it arise hills every where neither craggy nor over-high adorn'd with woods and as it were consecrated by nature it self to Hunting The pleasantness of it hath drawn many of our Princes hither as to a retiring place and here was K. Edw. 3. that potent Prince born to conquer France who built new from the ground a Castle in bigness equal to a little City strengthen'd with ditches and towers of square-stone and having presently after subdu'd the French and the Scots kept at the same time John King of France and David King of Scots Prisoners here This Castle is divided into two Courts The inner which looks towards the East contains in it the King's palace than which if you consider the contrivance of the buildings nothing can be more stately and magnificent On the north-side where it looks down to the river Queen Elizabeth added a most pleasant Terrace-Walk The outer Court hath at it's entrance a stately Chapel consecrated by K. Edw. 3. to the blessed Virgin Mary and St. George of Cappadocia but brought to it's present magnificence by K. Edw. 4. 12 And Sir Reginald Bray Here K. Edw. 3. â—35â— for the encouraging military virtue and the adorning it with honours rewards and glory instituted the most noble society of Knights which as some report from his own Garter given for the Word in a battel that prov'd successful he stiled Knights of the Garter 〈◊〉 of Gâ—râ—â—r They wear on their left leg a little below the knee a blue Garter carrying this Motto embroider'd in letters of gold and in French HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE and fasten the same with a buckle of gold as a token of Concord and a tye of the strictest Amity to the end there might be amongst them a certain Consociation and community of Virtues Others attribute it to the Garter of the Queen or rather of Joan Countess of Salisbury a Lady of incomparable beauty that fell from her as she was a dancing and the King took up from the floor at which the Nobles that stood about him fell a laughing whereupon the King told them That the time should shortly come when the greatest honour imaginable should be paid to that Garter This is the common report neither need it seem to be a mean original considering that as one saith Nobilitas sub amore jacet i.e. Nobility lies under love There are some too that make the invention of this order much ancienter fathering it upon K. Rich. 1. and persuading themselves that K. Edward only reviv'd it but how truly I know not Yet in the very book of the first Institution which William Dethick Garter Principal King at Arms a Gentleman very studious in every thing relating to Honour and the Nobility gave me a sight of we read thus When K. Richard led his Army against the Turks and * Saracens â—â—â—â—nos Cyprus and Acon and was weary of such lingring delay while the siege was carried on with a wonderful deal of trouble at length upon a divine inspiration by the apparition as it was thought of St. George it came into his mind to draw upon the legs of certain chosen Knights of his a certain tach of leather such as he had then ready at hand whereby being minded of that future glory was then promised them if they conquer'd it might be an incitement to push them on to the behaving themselves with courage and resolution in imitation of the Romans that had such variety of crowns with which upon several accounts they presented and honour'd their soldiers that as it were by instigations of this kind cowardise might be shaken off and valour and bravery might arise and start out with more vigour and resolution However the mightiest Princes of Christendom have reputed it a very great honour to be chosen and since it 's first institution there have been already admitted into this Order which consists of 26 Knights 22 Kings or thereabouts besides our Kings of England who are term'd Sovereigns Sovereigns thereof not to mention a great many Dukes and other persons of the greatest quality And here Founders of the Order I think it will not be amiss to set down the names of those who were first admitted into this Order and are commonly call'd the Founders of the Order for their glory can never be obliterated who in those days for military valour and bravery had very few Equals and were upon that account advanced to this honour Edward 3. King of England Edward his eldest son Prince of Wales Henry Duke of Lancaster Thomas Earl of Warwick Capdall de Buche Ralph Earl of Stafford William Montacute Earl of Salisbury Roger Mortimer Earl of March John L'isle Bartholomew Burgwash John Beauchamp John de Mohun Hugh Courtney Thomas Holland John Grey Richard Fitz-Simon Miles Stapleton Thomas Walle Hugh Wrothesley Niel Loring John Chandos James de Awdeley
about the year of Christ 1183. Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury by an exchange with the Bishop of Rochester got a mannour in this place wherein he began a palace for him and his successors and this by little and little was enlarg'd But when the Archbishops began to have thoughts of building a small Collegiate Church here Good God what numbers of Appeals were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury and what thundrings threatnings and censures were level'd by the Pope against the Archbishops For the Monks were jealous that this might prove an encroachment upon their Privileges and deprive them of their right to elect the Archbishop Nor could these disturbances be quieted till the little Church they had began was at the instance of the Monks levell'd with the ground Near to this is the most famous mart-town of all the County call'd at this day the Burrough of Southwork in Saxon Suþƿerke Southâ— i.e. a work or building to the south situated so to the south over against London as that it seems to be a sort of suburbs to it but yet so large is it and populous that it may vie with most Cities in England being as it were a Corporation of it self Within the memory of our fathers it had it 's own Bailifs but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the City of London and is at this day reckon'd a branch of it For which reason we will defer the further examination of this place till we come to London Beneath this the Thames leaves Surrey the eastbound whereof runs down in a direct line to the south almost by Lagham which in the reign of Edward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons Barons S. John 〈◊〉 Lagâ—â—â— call d S. John de Lagham whose estate came at last to J. Leodiard by a daughter and heiress Somewhat lower almost in the very corner where it takes a view both of Sussex and Kent is Sterborrow-castle formerly the seat of the Lords de Cobham who from this place were nam'd de Sterborrow Sterborrâ— and descending from John de Cobham Lord of Cobham and Couling and the daughter of Hugh Nevil flourish'd a long time together in great splendour and reputation For Reginald in the reign of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Sea-coasts from the Thames mouth Westward But Thomas the last of them marrying Anne daughter to 15 Humphry Duke the Duke of Buckingham had by her one only daughter Anne marry'd to Edward Burgh descended from the Percies and Earls of Athol His son Thomas was created Baron Burgh by K. Henry 8. and left a son William father to Thomas Barons â—rough 〈◊〉 Burgh who was a great encourager of Learning Governour of Briel made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland where he expos'd himself to death in defence of his country As to Eleanor Cobham of this family wife to Humphrey Duke of Glocester whose reputation was something tainted I refer you to the English Histories We must now reckon up the Earls Earls 〈◊〉 Surreâ— who were 〈◊〉 call'd 〈◊〉 of Wâ—â— Arms 〈◊〉 Earls 〈◊〉 Warrâ—â— William Rufus King of England first made William de Warren Governour of Surrey 16 Who had marry'd his Sister under the honorary title of Earl whose Arms were Checky Or and azure For in his Foundation-Charter of the Priory of Lewis we read thus I have given c. for the good of my master K. William who brought me over into England and for the good of my Lady Queen Mawd my wife's mother and for the good of my master K. William his son after whose coming into England I made this Charter and who created me Earl of Surrey c. To him succeeded his son 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois whereupon his posterity as some suppose us'd the Arms of Vermandois His son William dying in the Holy Land about 1142. and his grandchild by a son of the same name But this last had only a daughter who brought the same title first to William King Stephen's son and afterwards to Hamelin base son of Geoffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou But the first husband dying without issue Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey whose posterity taking the name of Warrens bore the same title This William marry'd the eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke widow of Hugh Bigod and had by her John 18 Who slew Alan de la Zâ—rich in presence of the Judges of the Realm and John by Alice daughter of Hugh le * Earls of March in â—â—â—nce Brune sister by the mother's side to K. Henry 3. had William who dy'd before his father and had by Joanna Vere daughter of the Earl of Oxford John who was born after the death of his father and was last Earl of this family He was as I learnt from his seal Earl of Warren Surrey Strathern in Scotland Lord of Bromfeld and Yale and Count Palatine But he dying without lawful issue in the 23d of Edward 3. his sister and heiress Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel and by that marriage brought this honour into the family of the Arundels 19 For Richard their son who marry'd in the House of Lancaster after his father was wickedly beheaded for siding with his Sovereign King Edward 2 by the malignant envy of the Queen was both Earl of Arundel and Surrey and left both Earldoms to Richard his son who contrariwise lost his head for siding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his Son to repair his Father's dishonour lost his life for his Prince and Country in France leaving his sisters his heirs for the lands not entailed who were marry'd to Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall and Sir William Beauchampe Lord of Abergavenny from which it came at last by the Mowbrays to the Howards For Thomas Mowbray marry'd the eldest sister and coheir of Thomas Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel and Surrey In the mean time 20 After the execution of Richard Earl of Arundel Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent who notwithstanding did not long enjoy that honour For secretly endeavouring to rescue the same Richard then taken prisoner and to restore him to his Crown his plot unexpectedly was discover'd and himself making his escape was seiz'd by the town of Cirencester and beheaded Next Thomas de Beaufort who was the King's Chancellor bore this honour if we may believe Thomas Walsingham For he tells us that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort Earl of Surrey dy'd But let Walsingham make good his assertion for there is no such thing appears in the King's Records only that Thomas de Beaufort was about that time made Chancellor 'T is evident however from the publick Records of the Kingdom that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of
Chichâ—â—â—â—â— but was afterwards converted to a Convent of Franciscans All that space that lies between the west and south gates is taken up with the Cathedral Church Bishop's palace and f The Dean hath now no house the Dean and Prebendaries houses which about K. Rich. 1.'s time were again burnt down and Seffrid 2d Bishop of that name re-edify'd them g Besides the Cathedral there are within the walls 5 small Churches The Church it self indeed is not great but neat and has a very high stone spire and on part of the south-side of the Church the history of it's foundation is curiously painted as also the pictures of the Kings of England on the other part are the pictures of all the Bishops as well of Selsey as of Chichester all at the charge of Bishop Robert Shirburne who beautify'd this Church very much and has his Motto set up everywhere Credite operibus and Dilexi decorem domus tuae Domine 2 Neither he only adorn'd the Lord's house but repair'd also the Bishop's houses But that great tower which stands near the west-side of the Church was built by R. Riman as 't is reported upon his being prohibited the building a Castle at Aplederham hard by where he liv'd with those very stones he had beforehand provided for the Castle 3 Near the haven of Chichester is W. Witering where as the monuments of the Church testifie Aella the first founder of the kingdom of Suth-sex arrived c Selsey before mention'd in Saxon Seals-ey Selsey that is as Bede interprets it the Isle of Sea-Calves which we in our language call Seales Seales Here 〈◊〉 the beâ—â— Cockâ—es a creature that always makes to islands and shores to bring forth it 's young 4 But now it is most famous for good Cockles and fall Lobsters stands a little lower A place as Bede says compass'd round about with the sea unless on the west-side where it has an entry into it of about †Jaâ—â—s funâ—ae a stones throw over It contain'd 87 families when Edinwalch K. of this Province gave it to Wilfrid Bishop of York being then in exile who first preach'd the Gospel here and as he writes Slaves not only sav'd from the bondage of the Devil 250 bondmen by baptism but also by giving freedom deliver'd them from slavery under man Afterwards King Cedwalla who conquer'd Edilwalch founded here a Monastery and honour'd it with an Episcopal See which by Stigand the 22d Bishop was translated to Chichester where it now flourishes and owns Cedwalla for it's Founder In this Isle there are some obscure remains of that ancient little city in which those Bishops resided cover'd at high water but plainly visible at low water Beyond Selsey the shore breaks and makes way for a river that runs down out of St. Leonard's Forest by Amberley where William Read Bishop of Chichester in the reign of Edw. 3. built a castle for his successors and then by Arundel seated on the side of a hill a place more perhaps talk'd of than it deserves d nor is it indeed very ancient for I have not so much as read it's name before K. Alfred's time who gave it in his Will to Athelm his brother's son Unless I should believe it corruptly call'd Portus Adurni by a transposition of letters for Portus Arundi The etymology of this name is neither to be fetch'd from Bevosius's Romantick horse nor from Charudum a promontory in Denmark as Goropius Becanus dream'd but from a vale lying along the River Arun in case Arun be the name of the river as some have told us who upon that account nam'd it Aruntina vallis But all it's fame is owing to the Castle which flourish'd under the Saxon Government and was as we read presently after the coming in of the Normans repair'd by Roger Montgomery thereupon stil'd Earl of Arundel For it is by it's situation contriv'd large and well strengthen'd with works But his son Robert Belesme who succeeded his brother Hugh was outlaw'd by K. Hen. 1. and lost that and all his other honours For breaking into a perfidious Rebellion against him he chose this castle for the seat of war and strongly fortify'd it but had no better success than what is generally the issue of Treason for the King's forces surrounding it at length took it Upon this Robert's outlawry and banishment the King gave the castle and the rest of his estate to Adeliza daughter of Godfrey sirnam'd â—ong â—rd Barbatus of Lovaine Duke of Lorrain and Brabant his second Queen for her Dower In whose commendation a h It seems to be Henry Huntingdon See his History l. 7. p. 218. where there is Adelida and Adelnia Seld. certain English-man wrote these verses ingenious enough for that unlearned age Anglorum Regina tuos Adeliza decores Ipsa referre parans Musa stupore riget Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima Quid tibi Gemma Pallet Gemma tibi nec Diadema nitet Deme tibi cultus cultum natura ministrat Non * 〈◊〉 othâ—r â—pies meâ—arâ— exornari forma beata potest Ornamenta cave nec quicquam luminis inde Accipis illa micant lumine clara tuo Non puduit modicas de magnis dicere laudes Nec pudeat Dominam te precor esse meam When Adeliza's name should grace my song A sudden wonder stops the Muse's tongue Your Crown and Jewels if compar'd to you How poor your Crown how pale your Jewels show Take off your robes your rich attire remove Such pomps will load you but can ne'er improve In vain your costly ornaments are worn You they obscure while others they adorn Ah! what new lustre can those trifles give Which all their beauty from your charms receive Thus I your lofty praise your vast renown In humble strains am not asham'd t' have shown Oh! be not you asham'd my services to own She after the King's death match'd with William * â—e Alâ—io or as â—rs de â—ineto 〈◊〉 de Alâ—â—aco 〈◊〉 Dawâ— D'aubeney who taking part with Maud the Empress against King Stephen and defending this Castle against him was in recompence for his good services by the said Maud â—ngloâ— Domiâ— Lady of the English for that was the title she us'd created Earl of Arundel And her son King Henry 2. gave the same William the whole Rape of Arundel to hold of him by the service of 84 Knights fees and an half and to his son William King Richard 1. granted in some such words as these Arundel Castle Earls of Arundel and Sussex together with the whole honour of Arundel and the third penny of the Pleas out of Sussex whereof he is Earl And when after the fourth Earl of this Sirname the issue male failed See the Earls of Sussex one of the sisters and heirs of Hugh the fourth Earl was marry'd to John Fitz-Alan Lord of Clun whose great grandson Richard Chartae Antiquae 10. m. 29. upon account
of his being seized of the Castle Honour and Lordships of Arundel in his own demesn as of Fee in regard of this his possession of the same Castle Honour and Lordships and without any other consideration or creation to be an Earl was Earl of Arundel Parl. 11. H. 6. and the Name State and Honour of the Earl of Arundel c. peaceably enjoy'd as appears by a definitive Judgment in Parliament in favour of John Fitz-Alan challenging the Castle and Title of Arundel 5 By virtue of an entail against John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk the right heir by his mother in the nearest degree From whence we gather That the Name State and Dignity of an Earl was annex'd to the Castle Honour and Lordship of Arundel as may be seen in the Parliament-Rolls An. 27 Hen. 6. out of which I have copy'd these notes word for word Of these Fitz-Alans 6 Edmund second Earl son to Richard marry'd the heir of the Earl of Surrey and was beheaded through the malicious fury of Q. Isabel not lawfully convicted for that he oppos'd himself in King Edw. the 2d's behalf against her wicked practices His son Richard petition'd in Parliament to be restor'd to blood lands and goods for that his father was put to death not try'd by his Peers according to the Law and Great Charter of England Nevertheless whereas the Attainder of him was confirm'd by Parliament he was forc'd to amend his Petition and upon the amendment thereof he was restor'd by the King 's meer grace Richard his son as his grandfather died for his Sovereign 4 Edw. 3. lost his life for banding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his son more honourably ended his life serving King Henry 5. valorously in France and leaving his sisters his heirs general Sir John of Arundel Lord Maltravers his next Cousin and Heir Male obtain'd of K. Henr. 6. the Earldom of Arundel as we even now declared See before the Earls of Surrey and also was by the said King for his good service created Duke of Touraine Of the succeeding Earls I find nothing memorable the 11th liv'd in our time and dying without issue male was succeeded by Philip Howard his grandson by his daughter who not being able to digest wrongs and hard measure put upon him by the cunning tricks of some invidious persons fell into the snare they had laid for him and being brought into the utmost danger of his life dy'd But his son Thomas a most honourable young Gentleman ennobled with a fervent desire and pursuit after virtue and glory worthy his great birth and of an affable obliging temper was restor'd by King James and had all his father's honours return'd him by Act of Parliament Except the Castle and it's Earls Arundel hath nothing memorable for the College that there flourish'd and had the Earls for it's founders it's revenues being alienated now falls to decay Nevertheless there are some monuments of the Earls in the Church amongst the rest one of Alabaster very fair and noble in which in the middle of the Quire lie Earl Thomas and Beatrix his Wife 2d Daughter of John King of Portugal Neither must I pass by this Inscription very beautifully gilt set up here to the honour of Henry Fitz-Alan the last Earl of this Line since some possibly may be pleas'd with it VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM MAGNANIMUS HEROS CUJUS HIC CERNITUR EFFIGIES CUJUSQUE HIC SUBTER SITA SUNT OSSA HUJUS TERRITORII COMES FUIT SUI GENERIS AB ALANI FILIO COGNOMINATUS A MALATRAVERSO CLUNENSI ET OSWALDESTRENSI HONORIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSUPER AC BARO NUNCUPATUS GARTERIANI ORDINIS EQUESTRIS SANE NOBILISSIMI SODALIS DUM VIXIT ANTIQUISSIMUS ARUNDELIAE COMITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS UNICUS ET SUCCESSOR OMNIUMQUE VIRTUTUM PARTICEPS QUI HENRICO VIII EDWARDO VI. MARIAE ET ELIZABETHAE ANGLIAE REGIBUS A SECRETIS CONSILIIS VILLAE QUOQUE CALESIAE PRAEFECTURAM GESSIT ET CUM HENRICUS REX BOLONIAM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE CINXERAT EXERCITUS SUI MARESCALLUS PRIMARIUS DEINDE REGIS FUIT CAMERARIUS EJUSQUE FILIO EDWARDO DUM CORONARETUR MARESCALLI REGNI OFFICIUM GEREBAT EIQUE SICUT ANTEA PATRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS REGNANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CORONATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE SUMMUS CONSTITUITUR CONSTABULARIUS DOMUSQUE REGIAE POSTMODUM PRAEFECTUS AC CONSILII PRAESES SICUT ET ELIZABETHAE REGINAE CUJUS SIMILITER HOSPITII SENESCALLUS FUIT ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS PUBLICIS BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRATIBUS CLARIOR DOMI AC FORIS CLARISSIMUS HONORE FLORENS LABORE FRACTUS AETATE CONFECTUS POSTQUAM AETATIS SUAE ANNUM LXVIII ATTIGISSET LONDINI XXV DIE FEBRUARII ANNO NOSTRAE SALUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX PIE ET SUAVITER IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT JOANNES LUMLEY BARO DE LUMLEY GENER PIENTISSIMUS SUPREMAE VOLUNTATIS SUAE VINDEX SOCERO SUAVISSIMO ET PATRONO OPTIMO MAGNIFICENTISSIME FUNERATO NON MEMORIAE QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBI MULTIFARIIS VIRTUTIBUS COMPARAVIT SED CORPORIS MORTALIS ERGO IN SPEM FELICIS RESURRECTIONIS RECONDITI HANC ILLI EX PROPRIIS ARMATURIS STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MUNERE EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM LACHRYMIS DEVOTISSIME CONSECRAVIT That is Sacred to Virtue and Honour The Valiant Heroe whose Effigies you here see and whose Bones are buried underneath was Earl of these parts he had his Sirname by being the son of Alan and moreover took the honourable titles of Lord and Baron from Maltravers Clun and Oswaldestre he was Knight of the Garter and liv'd to be the Senior of that Noble Order only Son to William Earl of Arundel and heir both of his Estate and Virtues He was Privy Counsellor to Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Kings and Queens of England Governour of Calais and when Bologne a town of the old Morini was besieg'd by that King Henry was Marshal of the Army He was afterwards Lord Chamberlain to the said King and at the Coronation of his son Edward exercis'd the Office of Marshal of England to which King he was Lord Chamberlain as he had been to his Father Upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown he was made High-Constable of England for the Coronation afterwards Steward of her Houshold and President of the Council which honour he had under Queen Elizabeth to whom he was likewise Steward of the Houshold Thus this person noble by birth by the honourable discharge of Offices more noble and most of all so by his great Exploits at home and abroad with his honour untainted his body broken and worn out with age in the 68. year of his life dy'd in the Lord devoutly and comfortably at London on the 25. of February in the year of our Lord 1579. John Lumley Baron of Lumley his most dutiful and disconsolate son in Law and Executor with the utmost respect put up this Statue with his own Armour after he had been buried in great pomp for the kindest of Fathers-in-Law and the best of Patrons as the
Robert Earl Moreton half brother by the mother's side to William the Conquerour 15 And then had 56 Burgesses After the attainder of his son William Earl of Moriton it came to K. Henry 1. by Escheat In the composition between Stephen and K. Henry 2. both town and castle with whatsoever Richard de Aquila had of the honour of Pevensey which after his name was called Honor de Aquila and Baronia de Aquila or of the Eagle was assigned to William son to K. Stephen But he surrendred it with Norwich into King Henry 2 â—s hands in the year 1158. when he restor'd to him all such lands as Stephen was seised of before he usurped the Crown of England afterwards to William son to King Stephen who surrender'd it back to King Henry 2. from whom he had receiv'd it as a free gift Treaty between Henry and K. Stephen together with the lands formerly of Richer de Aquila or of the Eagle from whom they had the name of the Honour of the Eagle The honour of the Eagle Long it lay in the crown till K. Henry 3. granted it 16 Which had fallen to the Crown by Escheat for that Gilbert de Aquila had passed into Normandy against the King's good will to Peter Earl of Savoy the Queen's Uncle But he fearing the envy of the English against foreigners relinquish'd it to the King and so at length it came to the Dutchy of Lancaster to the Earls of Richmond of Bretagne from whom it fell to the crown again But now there is nothing remaining of the castle but the walls Some part of this Honour of the Eagle Henry 4. gave afterwards to the family of the Pelhams for their loyalty and good services Haâ—d by stands Herst amongst the woods Herst what it â—â—gnifies which has it's name from it's woody situation For the Saxons call'd a wood Hyrst This was immediately after the first coming in of the Normans the seat of certain Gentlemen who from the place were for some time named De Herst till such time as William son of Walleran de Herst took the name of Monceaux Register of the Monastery of Roberts-bridge from the place perhaps of his birth a thing usual in that age whereupon that name was annex'd to the place call'd ever since from it's Lord Herst Monceaux Herst Monceaux From whose posterity it descended hereditarily to the Fiennes Family of the Fiennes These Fiennes call'd likewise Fenis and Fienles are descended from Ingelram de Fienes who marry'd the heir of Pharamuse of Boloigne Pat. 37. H. 6. 17 About the time of K. Edw. 2. Sir John Fienes married the heir of Monceaux his son William married one of the heirs of the Lord Say his son likewise the heir of Balisford whose son Sir Roger Fienes married the daughter of Holland and in the first year of K. Henry 6. built of brick the large fair uniform and convenient house here Castle-like within a deep moat of whom K. Henry 6. accepted declared and reputed Richard Fenis to be Baron of Dacre And King Edw. 4. chosen honorary Arbitrator between him and Humphrâ—y Dacre An. 13 Ed. 4. Lord Dacre of the south confirm'd it to the said Richard Fenis and to his heirs lawfully begotten because he had married Joan the Cousin and next heir of Thomas Baron Dacre 18 And to have precedence before the L. Dacre of Gilesland heir male of the family sinâ—e which time 19 The heirs lineally descenaing from him being enrich'd by one of the heirs of the Lord Fitz-Hugh his posterity have flourish'd under the dignity of Barons Dacre till George Fiennes Lord Dacre 20 Son to the unfortunate Thomas Lord Dacre died very lately without issue Whose only sister and heir Margaret Sampson Lennard Esquire a person of extraordinary virtue and civility took to wife 21 And by her hath fair issue In whose behalf it was published declared and adjudged by the Lords Commissioners for martial Causes in the 2d year of the Reign of K. James with his privity and assent Royal That the said Margaret ought to bear have and enjoy the name state degree title stile honour place and precedency of the Barâ—ny of Dacre to have and to hold to her and the issue of her body in as full and ample manner as any of her ancestor enjoy'd the same And that her Children may and shall have take and enjoy the place and precedence respectively as the children of her Ancestors Barons Dacre have formerly had and enjoy'd But to return back a little 22 About 3 miles from Pevensey is Beckes-hill a place much frequented by St. Richard Bishop of Chichester and where he died Under this is Bulverhith in an open shore with a roofless Church not so named of a Bulls Hide which cut into Thongs by William the Conqueror reached to Battaile as the fable for it had that name before his coming Put here he arriv'd c. at this Pevensey William the Norman I shall again give you a short account because the place requires it of that which I shall treat of more fully elsewhere arriv'd with his whole navy upon the coast of Britain landed his army and having strongly entrench'd his camp set his ships on fire that their only hope might lye in their courage and resolution their only safety in victory And 23 After two days marched to Hastings quickly after marched to a Plain near Hastings 24 Then to an hill near Nenfield now call'd Standard-Hill because as they say he there pitched his Standard and from thence two miles further where in a plain c. where the Dye as it were was thrown for the Kingdom of England and the English Saxon Empire came to an end For there our Harold notwithstanding his forces by a former fight with the Danes were much diminish'd and fatigued by a long march gave him battel in a place call'd Epiton K. Harold's fight with William the Conqueror on the 14th of October 1066. When the Normans had given the signal of battel the first encounter began with flights of arrows from both armies for some time then setting foot to foot as if they fought man to man they maintain'd the battel a long while But when the English with admirable courage and bravery had receiv'd their fiercest onset the Norman horse furiously charg'd them with full career But when neither of these cou'd break the army they as they had before agreed retreated but kept their ranks in good order The English thinking they fled broke their ranks and without keeping any order press'd hard upon the enemy but they rallying their forces charg'd afresh on every side with the thickest of them and encompassing them round repuls'd them with a mighty slaughter yet the English having gotten the higher ground stood it out a long time till Harold himself was shot thro' with an arrow and fell down dead then they
3. had seiz'd their lands into his hands he granted the Rape of Hastings first to Peter Earl of Savoy then to Prince Edward his son and after upon his surrender to John son to the Duke of Little Britain upon certain exchanges of lands pertaining to the Honour of Richmond which Peter Earl of Savoy had made over for the use of the Prince Long time after when the Dukes of Britain had lost their lands in England for adhering to the French King King Henry 4. gave the Rape of Hastings with the mannour of Crowherst Burgwash c. to Sir John Pelham the elder upon whose loyalty wisdom and valour he much relied Furthermore as there were certain great Gentlemen in this County at the beginning of the Norman times sirnam'd de Hastings one of whom Matthew de Hastings held the mannour of Grenocle by this tenure â—â—uisitio 5. â—w 1. That he should find at this haven an Oar whenever the King would cross the seas so the noble family of the Hastings now Earls of Huntingdon enjoys this title of Hastings For King Edward 4. bestow'd it with certain Royalties upon William Hastings his Chamberlain â—illiam â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs who is commended by Cominaeus for that having receiv'd a yearly pension from Lewis xi the French King he could not by any means be perswaded to give him an acquittance under his own hand I will in no case said he that my hand be seen among the accounts of the French King's treasury But this man by falling too deep into the friendship of Kings quite overwhelmed himself For whilst he deliver'd his mind too freely in a Cabinet-Council with the Usurper Richard 3. he was unexpectedly hurried away and without trial beheaded immediately l He had notwithstanding an honourable burial in S. George's Chapel in Windsor leaving issue Edward Lord Hastings his son and heir Neither must we forget to take notice â— H. 6. â—on Hoo â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs that King Henry 6. ennobled Tho. Hoo a worthy person whom he also chose into the Order of the Garter with the Title of Baron Hoo and Hastings whose daughters and heirs were marry'd to Geoffrey Bollen from whom by the mothers side Queen Elizabeth was descended to Roger Copeley John Carew and John Devenish Thence the shore retires backwards and is hollow'd inwards being full of many windings and creeks within which stands Winchelsea Winchelsea built in the time of K. Edward 1. when a more ancient town of the same name in Saxon Wincelsea was quite swallow'd up by the raging and tempestuous Ocean in the year 1250. at which time the face of the earth both here and in the adjoyning coast of Kent was much alter'd It 's situation I will set before you in the very words of Tho. Walsingham Situate it is upon a very high hill very steep on that side which looks towards the sea or overlooks the Road where the Ships lie at Anchor Whence it is that the way leading from that port to the haven goes not streight forward lest it should by a down-right descent force those that go down to fall head-long or them that go up to creep rather on their hands than walk but lying sideways it winds with crooked turns in and out to one side and the other At first it was inclos'd with a mud after with a very strong wall but scarce began to flourish till it was sack'd by the French and Spaniards and by the sea 's shrinking back from it as it were on a sudden faded and fell to decay 28 And now only beareth the countenance of a fair town and hath under it in the level which the sea relinquished a Castle fortify'd by Henry 8. and large marshes defended from Sea-rages with works very chargeable h By which accident and the benefit of the sea it 's neighbour Rye Rye began to flourish or rather to reflourish for that it flourish'd in ancient times and that William of Ipres Earl of Kent fortify'd it Ipres Tower and the immunities and privileges that it had in common with the Cinque-Ports do sufficiently shew But either by reason of the Vicinity of Winchelsea or the sea 's recess it was inconsiderable for a long time But when Winchelsea decay'd and King Edward 3. wall'd it about it began to recover it self and within the memory of our fathers the Ocean to make a rich amends for the injury it had done swell'd with an extraordinary tempest and broke so violently in insinuating it self in form of a bay that it made a very convenient Port which another tempest likewise in our age did not a little contribute to Since which time it has greatly re-flourish'd with inhabitants buildings fishing and navigation and is now the usual passage from hence to Normandy 29 Yet now it beginneth to complain that the sea abandoneth it such is the variable and interchangeable course of that element and in part imputeth it that the river Rother is not contain'd in his Chanel and so loseth it's force to carry away the sands and beach which the sea doth inhear into the haven Notwithstanding it hath many Fishing vessels and serveth London and the Court with variety of Sea-fish But as to it's name whether it takes it from Rive a Norman word which signifies a Bank I cannot easily say Yet since in Records it is very often call'd in Latin ripa and they who bring fish from thence are termed Ripiers I encline the rather this way and should encline more if the French us'd this word for a shore as Pliny does Ripa 30 These two towns neither may it seem impertinent to note it belong'd to the Abbey of Fescampe in Normandy But when K. Henry 3. perceiv'd that Religious men intermingled secretly in matters of state he gave them in exchange for these two Chiltenham and Sclover two manours in Gloucestershire and other lands adding for the reason that the Abbots and Monks might not lawfully sight with temporal Arms against the enemies of the Crown Into this haven the river Rother or Rither hath it's influx which springing at Ritheramfeld River Rother for so the old English call'd that town which we call Rotherfeld runs by Burgwash formerly Burghersh Lords Burghersh which had Lords so sirnam'd amongst whom was that Sir Bartholomew Burgwash a mighty man in his time who being found by most solemn embassies and the wars in Aquitain to be a person of great prudence and undaunted valour was thought fit to be created a Baron of England and to be admitted into the Order of the Garter at the very first institution even amongst the Founders as also to be Constable of Dover-Castle and Warden of the Cinque-Ports And his son of the same Christian name no way degenerating from his father liv'd in a great deal of splendor and honour but left but one only daughter behind him marry'd into the family of Le Despencer descended m Call'd S. Mary's of Robertsbridge and
k The Notitia adds reliquos officiales comprehending all the Under-Officers c. And I no way doubt but it was in imitation of this method of the Romans that our Ancestors set over this coast a Governour or Portreve commonly call'd Warden of the Cinque-ports Warden of the Cinque-ports because as the Count of the Saxon-shore presided over nine so does he over five ports Kent deliver'd to the Saxons But after the Romans had quitted Britain Vortigern who had the command of the greatest part of it set over Kent a Guorong i.e. a Vice-Roy or Freeman without whose knowledge he frankly bestow'd this Country as Ninnius and Malmesbury have it upon Hengist the Saxon on the account of his daughter Rowenna with whom he was passionately in love a. Thus was the first kingdom of the Saxons settled in Britain in the year of Christ 456. call'd by them CantÆ¿ara-ryc i.e. the kingdom of the Kentish-men which after 320 years upon Baldred the last King 's being conquer'd came under the jurisdiction of the West-Saxons and continu'd so till the Norman Conquest For then if we may believe Thomas Spot the Monk no ancient Writer having any thing of it the Kentish men carrying boughs before them 4 And representing afar off a moving wood surrendred themselves to William the Conquerour at Swanescomb a small village where they tell us that Suene the Dane formerly encamp'd upon condition they might have the Customs of their Country preserv'd entire that especially which they call Gavel-kind Gavel kind b By which 5 By which they are not so bound by Copy hold Customary tenures or Tenant-right as in other parts of England but in a manner every man is a Free-holder and hath some part of his own to live upon all lands of that nature are divided among the males by equal portions or upon defect of issue-male among the females By this they enter upon the estate at 15 years of age and have power to make it over to any one either by gift or sale without consent of the Lord. By the same the sons succeed to this sort of lands tho' their parents be condemn'd for theft c. So that what we find in an ancient Book is very true tho' not elegantly written The County of Kent urges that that County ought of right to be exempt from any such burthen because it affirms that this County was never conquer'd as was the rest of England but surrender'd it self to the Conqueror's power upon Articles of agreement provided that they should enjoy all their liberties and free customs which they then had and us'd from the beginning William the Conqueror afterwards to secure Kent which is look'd upon to be the Key of England set a Constable over Dover-castle and constituted the same in imitation of the ancient Roman custom Governour of 5 ports stiling him Warden of the Cinque-ports Lord Warden of the 5 Ports Those are Hastings Dover Hith Rumney and Sandwich to which Winchelsey and Rie are annext as Principals and some other little towns as members only And because they are oblig'd to serve in the wars by sea they enjoy many and large immunities For instance from payment of Subsidies See in Sussex p. 177. from Wardship of their children as to body not to be su'd in any Courts but within their own town and such of their inhabitants as have the name of Barons at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England support the Canopy and for that day have their table spread and furnish'd upon the King 's right hand c. And the Lord Warden himself who is always some one of the Nobility of approv'd loyalty has within his jurisdiction in several cases the authority of 6 A Chancellor and c. Admiral and other privileges But now to the places The Thames chief of all the British rivers runs as I observ'd but now along the north part of this County which leaving Surrey and by a winding course almost retiring into it self c. 7 Doth there admit into his chanel into the first limit of this shire Ravensburne a small water and of short course which riseth in Keston-heath hard under the pitching of an ancient Camp strange for the height as double rampiers and depth as double ditches of all that I have seen doubtless the work of many labouring hands Of what capacity it was I could not discover for that the greatest part thereof is now several and overgrown with a thicket but verily great it was as may be gather'd by that which is apparent We may probably conjecture that it was a Roman Camp but I might seem to rove if I should think it that Camp which Julius Caesar pitch'd when the Britains gave him the last battel with their whole forces and then having bad success retir'd themselves and gave him leave to march to the Thames side And yet certes Keston the name of the place seemeth to retain a parcel of Kaesar's name for so the Britains call'd him and not Caesar as we do As for the other small intrenchment not far off by W. Wickham it was cast in fresh memory when old Sir Christopher Heydon a man then of great command in these parts trained the Country people This water having passed by Bromeley a Mansion-house of the Bishops of Rochester when it hath gathered strength the depth of his ford giveth name to Dâ—râ—ford c. first sees Depford Depfoâ—d a most noted Dock where the Royal Navy is built and when shatter'd repair'd there is also settled a famous Store house and a place or incorporation something like a * Hâ—â—naâ—â—â— College for the use of the navy It was formerly call'd West Greenwich and upon the Conquest of England feâ—l to the share of Gislebert de Mamignot a Norman Maâ—igâ— whose grandchild by the son Walkelin it was that defended Dover-castle against King Stephen and he left behind him one only daughter who upon the death of her brother brought by marriage a large estate call'd the Honour of Mamignot into the family of the Says d From hence the Thames goes to Grenovicum Gâ—â—aâ— commonly Greenwich i.e. the green creak for the creak of a river is call'd in German Wic formerly famous for being a harbour of the Danish fleet and for the cruelty that people exercis'd upon Ealpheg Archbishop of Canterbury whom they put to death by most exquisite torments in the year 1012. Whose death and the cause of it Ditmarus Mersepurgius who liv'd about that time has thus describ'd in the eighth book of his Chronicle By the relation of Sewald I came to know a very tragical and therefore memorable act How a treacherous company of * 〈…〉 Dueâ— Northern men whose Captain Thurkil now is seized upon that excellent Archbishop of Canterbury Ealpheg with others and according to their barbarous treatment fetter'd him put him to endure famine and other unspeakable pains He overpower'd by
misfortunes In the year of our Lord 676. it was destroy'd by Aethelred the Mercian and after that more than once plunder'd by the Danes Aethelbert King of Kent built a stately Church in it and adorn'd it with an Episcopal See making Justus first Bishop of it but when this Church was decay'd with age Gundulphus 46 A Norman repair'd it about the year 1080. and thrusting out the Priests put the Monks in their stead who too are now ejected and a Dean with 6 Prebendaries and Scholars fill their places Near the Church there hangs over the river a Castle fortify'd pretty well both by art and nature which the common opinion affirms to have been built by Odo Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent But without all doubt William 1. was founder of it For we read thus in Domesday The Bishop of Rovecester holds in Elesforde for exchange of the ground upon which the castle stands 'T is certain however that Bishop Odo depending upon an uncertain turn of affairs held this against William Rufus 47 At which time there passed a Proclamation thro' England that whosoever would not be reputed a Niding should repair to recover Rochester-Castle whereupon the youth fearing that name most reproachful and opprobrious in that Age swarmed thither in such numbers that Odo was enforced to yield the place and that at last for want of provisions he did not only surrender it but was degraded too and quitted the Kingdom But as to the repairing of the castle take this out of the Textus Roffensis Textus Roffensis an ancient MS. book of that Church When William 2. would not confirm the gift of Lanfranck of the mannour of Hedenham in the County of Buckingham to the Church of Rochester unless Lanfranck and Gundulph Bp. of Rochester would give the King 100 l. of ‖ Centum libras Denariorum Deniers At last by the intercession of 48 Sir Robert Rob. Fitz-Hammon and Henry Earl of Warwick the King yielded that instead of the money which he demanded for a Grant of the mannour Bishop Gundulph because he was well vers'd in Architecture and Masonry should build for him the Castle of Rochester all of stone and at his own proper charges At length when the Bishops tho' with some difficulty were brought to a compliance Bishop Gundulph built the castle entirely at his own cost And a little while after K. Henry 1. as Florence of Worcester has it granted to the Church of Canterbury and the Archbishops the custody and Constableship of it for ever and liberty to build a tower for themselves within it Since which time it has suffer'd one or two sieges but then especially when the Barons wars alarm'd all England and Simon de Montefort 49 Earl of Leicester vigoâ—ously assaulted it tho' in vain and cut down the wooden bridge Instead of which a curious arch'd stone bridge was afterwards built with money rais'd out of the French spoils by John Cobham 50 Which was after repair'd But in the time of K. Rich. 2. Sir Robert c. and Robert * Call'd Canolius by the French Knowles the latter whereof rais'd himself by his warlike courage from nothing to the highest pitch of honour 51 At the end of the said bridge Sir John Cobham who much further'd the work erected a Chapel for our Elders built no notable bridge without a Chapel upon which besides the Arms of Saints are seen the Arms of the King and his three Uncles then living And long after Archbishop Warham coped a great part of the said bridge with iron-bars q The Medway posts thro' this bridge with a violent course like a torrent and as it were with a sort of struggling but presently growing more calm affords a Dock 52 At Gillingham and Chetham to the best appointed fleet that ever the Sun saw ready upon all emergent occasions The Royal Navy and built at great expence by the most serene Qu. Elizabeth for the safety of her Kingdoms See more of this at the end of the Additions to this County and the terror of her enemies who also for the security of it hath rais'd a fort upon the bank r 53 At Upnore Now Medway grown fuller and broader makes a pleasant show with it's curling waves and passes through fruitful fields till divided by Shepey-Island which I fancy to be the same that Ptolemy calls Toliatis it is carry'd into the aestuary of Thames by two mouths the one whereof westward is call d West-swale as the eastern one which seems to have cut Shepey Shepey from the Continent East-swale but by Bede Genlad and Yenlett This Island from the Sheep a multitude whereof it feeds was call'd by our Ancestors Shepey i.e. an island of sheep 't is exceeding fruitful in corn but wants wood being 21 miles in compass Upon the northern shore it had a small Monastery call'd now Minster Minster built by Sexburga wife to Ercombert King of Kent in the year 710. Below which a certain Brabander lately undertook to make brimstone and coperas out of stones found upon the shore by boyling them in a furnace Upon the west side it is fronted with a most neat and strong castle built by King Edward 3. and is as he himself writes of a pleasant situation to the terrour of the enemy and comfort of his own subjects To this he added a Burgh and in honour of Philippa of Hainault his Queen call'd it Queenborrough Queenborrough i.e. the burgh of the Queen The present Constable of it is 54 Sir Edward Edward Hoby a person whom I am always oblig'd to respect and who has very much improv'd his own excellent wit with the studies of Learning Upon the east is Shurland Shurland formerly belonging to the Cheineys now to 55 Sir Philip. Philip Herbert second son to Henry Earl of Pembroke whom K. James the same day created both Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery This Island belongs to the Hundred of Midleton so call'd from the town of Midleton now Milton Milton It was formerly a Royal Village and of much more note than at present tho' Hasting the Danish pyrate fortify'd a Castle hard by it in the year 893. with a design to do it what mischief he could s Sittingburn Sittingborn a town well stor'd with Inns t and the remains of Tong-castle Tong. appear in the neighbourhood 56 With his new Mayor and Corporation which as some write was so call'd for that Hengist built it by a measure of thougs cut out of a beast's hide when Vortigern gave so much land to fortifie upon as he could encompas with a beast's hide cut into thongs Since the Conquest c. this last was the ancient Seat of Guncellin de Badilsmer The Family of Badilsmer a person of great Honours whose son Bartholomew begat that Guncellin who by the heiress of Ralph Fitz Bernard Lord
Dissolution the plate and jewels thereof fill'd two great chests each whereof requir'd eight men to carry them out of the Church Monast Angl. vol. 1. p. 18. So that the name of Christ to whom it was dedicated was almost quite laid aside for that of S. Thomas Nor was it so much fam'd for any other thing as the memory and burial of this man tho' it has some other tombs that may deservedly be boasted of particularly Edward Prince of Wales sirnam'd the Black a heroe for his valour in war a downright miracle and Henry 4. that potent King of England But King Henry 8. dispers'd all this wealth that had been so long in gathering and drove out the Monks in lieu whereof this Christ-Church has a Dean Archdeacon 12 Prebendaries and 6 Preachers whose business it is to sow the word of God in the neighbouring places It had another Church below the city to the East which disputed preeminence with this St. Augustine's commonly St. Austen's known by the name of S. Austin's because S. Austin himself and K. Ethelbert by his advice founded it to the honour of S. Peter and S. Paul for a burying place both to the Kings of Kent and the Archbishops for it was not then lawful to bury in Cities it was richly endow'd and the Abbot there had a Mint granted him and the Privilege of coyning money Now as the greatest part of it lyes in its own ruines and the rest is turn'd into a house for the King any one that beholds it may easily apprehend what it has been Austin himself was bury'd in the Porch of it and as Thomas Spot has told us with this Epitaph Inclytus Anglorum praesul pius decus altum Hic Augustinus requiescit corpore sanctus The Kingdom 's honour and the Church's grace Here Austin England's blest Apostle lays But Bede o Tho' Bede may be otherwise very good authority yet here he certainly fails for the title Archiepiscopus occurring in it is a plain evidence that 't is of later date since that title could not be then in the Western Church nor was it allow'd commonly to Metropolitans as Mabillon and others have observ'd till about the ninth age See Stillingfleet 's Origin Britan. p. 21 22. who is better authority assures us that he had over him this much more ancient Inscription HIC REQVIESCIT DOMINVS AVGVSTINVS DOROVERNENSIS ARCHIEPISCOPVS PRIMVS QVI OLIM HVC A BEATO GREGORIO ROMANAE VRBIS PONTIFICE DIRECTVS ET A DEO OPERATIONE MIRACVLORVM SVFFVLTVS ET ETHELBERTHVM REGEM AC GENTEM ILLIVS AB IDOLORVM CVLTV AD FIDEM CHRISTI PERDVXIT ET COMPLETIS IN PACE DIEBVS OFFICII SVI DEFVNCTVS EST SEPTIMO KALENDAS IVNIAS EODEM REGE REGNANTE That is Here resteth S. Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury who being formerly dispatch'd hither by the blessed Gregory Bishop of Rome and supported of God by the working of miracles both drew Ethelberht with his kingdom from the worship of Idols to the faith of Christ and also having fulfill'd the days of his Office dy'd on the 7th of the Kalends of June in the same King's reign With him there were bury'd in the same porch the six Archbishops that immediately succeeded and in honour of the whole seven namely Austin Laurentius Mellitus Justus Honorius Deus-dedit and Theodosius were those verses engraven in marble SEPTEM SUNT ANGLI PRIMATES ET PROTOPATRES SEPTEM RECTORES SEPTEM COELOQVE TRIONES SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE SEPTEMQVE LVCERNAE ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI SEPTEMQVE CORONAE SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE QUAS HAEC TENET AREA CELLAE Seven Patriarchs of England Primates seven Seven Rectors and seven Labourers in heaven Seven Cisterns pure of life seven Lamps of light Seven Palms and of this Realm seven Crowns full bright Seven Stars are here bestow'd in vault below It will not be very material to take notice of another Church near this which as Bede has it was built by the Romans and dedicated to S. Martin and in which before the coming of Austin Bertha of the blood Royal of the Franks and wife of Ethelbert was us'd to have divine Service celebrated according to the Christian Religion As to the Castle which appears on the south-side of the City with it's decay'd bulwarks since it does not seem to be of any great Antiquity I have nothing memorable to say of it but only that it was built by the Normans Of the dignity of the See of Canterbury which was formerly very great I shall only say thus much that as in former ages under the Hierarchy of the Church of Rome the Archbishops of Canterbury were Primates of all England Legates of the Pope and as Pope Urban 2. express'd it as it were Patriarchs of another world so when the Pope's Authority was thrown off it was decreed by a Synod held in the year 1534. that laying aside that title Primate and Metropolitan of all England they should be stil'd Primates and Metropolitans of all England This dignity was lately possess'd by the most reverend Father in God John Whitgift who having consecrated his whole life to God and his utmost endeavours to the service of the Church dy'd in the year 1604. extremely lamented by all good men He was succeeded by Richard Bancroft a man of singular courage and prudence in matters relating to the establishment of the Church Canterbury is 51 degrees 16 minutes in Latitude and 24 degrees 51 minutes in Longitude xx After Stour has gather'd it's waters into one chanel it runs by Hackington Hackington where Lora Countess of Leicester a very honorable Lady in her time quitting the pleasures of the world sequester'd her self from all commerce with it to have her time entire for the service of God At which time Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury began a Church in this place to the honour of S. Stephen and Thomas of Canterbury but the Authority of the Pope prohibiting it for fear it should tend to the prejudice of the Monks of Canterbury he let his design fall However from that time the place has kept the name of S. Stephens S. Stephens and Sir Roger Manwood Knight Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer a person of great knowledge in our Common Law to whose munificence the poor inhabitants are very much indebted was lately it's greatest ornament nor is his son Sir Peter Manwood Knight of the Bath a less honour to it at this day whom I could not but mention with this respect and deference since he is an encourager of virtue learning and learned men From hence the Stour by Fordich Fordich which in Domesday-book is call'd the little burrough of Forewich famous for it's excellent trouts passes on to Sturemouth 69 Which it hath now forsaken a mile and more yet left and bequeathed his name to it But now by Stoure-mouth runneth a brook which issuing out of S. Eadburgh's Well at Liming where the daughter to K. Ethelbert first of our
another small river that runs into it from the East â—â—â—kesbuâ—â—â— between which is seated Tewkesbury in the Saxon tongue Theocsbury by others nam'd Theoci Curia so call'd from Theocus that there led the life of an hermit a large and fair town having 3 bridges over 3 rivers leading to it famous for the making of woollen cloth â—â—â—tâ—rd and smart biting Mustard but formerly most noted for an ancient Monastery g founded by Odo and Dodo two brothers in the year of our Lord 715 where their palace formerly stood as they shew us by the following inscription HANC AULAM REGIA DODO DUX CONSECRARI FECIT IN ECCLESIAM Which being almost ruin'd by age and the fury of Wars was repair'd by Robert Fitz-hamon Fitz-hamon a Norman 4 Lord of Corboile and Thorigny in Normandy translating Monks from Cranborn in Dorsetshire hither piously designing to make what satisfaction he was able for the loss the Church of Bajeux in Normandy sustain'd which Henry 1. consumed with fire to free him from prison but afterwards repenting of the fact rebuilt it It cannot saith William of Malmesbury be easily conceiv'd how much Robert Fitz-hamon adorned and beautified this Monastery where the stateliness of the buildings ravish'd the eyes and the pious charity of the Monks the affections of all persons that came thither In this Monastery he and his successors Earls of Glocester were interr'd who had a castle hard by call'd Holmes that is now ruin'd Neither was it less famous for the bloody overthrow that the Lancastrians received in this place in the year 1471 in which battel many of them were slain more taken and beheaded their power so weaken'd and their hopes so defeated by the death of Edward the only son of K. Hen. 6. and he very young whose brains were barbarously beaten out here that they were never afterwards able to make any head against King Edw. 4. Whence J. Leland writes thus of this town Ampla foro partis spoliis praeclara Theoci Curia Sabrinae qua se committit Avona Fulget nobilium sacrisque recondit in antris Multorum cineres quondam inclyta corpora bello Where Avon's friendly streams with Severn joyn Great Tewkesbury's walls renown'd for trophies shine And keep the sad remains with pious care Of noble souls the honour of the war From hence we go down the stream to Deorhirst Deorhirst which is mentioned by Bede it lyeth very low upon the Severn whereby it sustaineth great damages when the river overfloweth It had formerly a small Monastery which was ruined by the Danes but reflourished under Edward the Confessor who as we read in his Will assigned it with the government thereof to the Monastery of St. Denis near Paris But a little after as Malmesbury saith it was only an empty monument of antiquity h Over-against this in the middle of the river lies a place call'd Oleneag and Alney by the Saxons now the Eight i.e. an Island Famous upon this account that when the English and Danes had much weaken'd themselves by frequent encounters to shorten the War it was agreed that the fate of both nations should be determin'd by the valour of Edmund King of the English and Canutus King of the Danes in a single combat who after a long doubtful fight agreed upon a peace and the Kingdom was divided between them but Edmund being quickly taken out of the world not without suspicion of poyson the Dane seised upon the whole i From Deorhirst the river Severn 5 Runneth down by Haesfield which K. Hen. 3. gave to Richard Pauncefote whose successors built a fair house here and whose predecessors were possessed of fair lands in this country before and in the Conqueror's time in Wiltshire after various windings and turnings parts it self to make the Isle of Alney rich and beautiful in fruitful green meadows and then hastens to the chief city of the county which Antoninus calls Clevum or Glevum the Britains Caer Gloui the Saxons Gleaucester we Glocester Glocester the vulgar Latins Glovernia others Claudiocestria from the Emperour Claudius who as is reported gave it that name when he here married his daughter Genissa to Arviragus the British King whom Juvenal mentions Regem aliquem capies vel de temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus Some captive King thee his new Lord shall own Or from his British chariot headlong thrown The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down as if Claudius his three wives brought him any daughters besides Claudia Antonia and Octavia or as if Arviragus was known in that age when his name was scarce heard of in Domitian's reign But leaving those that make their own conjectures pass for the records of venerable antiquity I should rather adhere to Ninnius his opinion who derives this name from Glouus the great grand-father of King Vortigern only I find Glevum mention'd long before by Antoninus which the distance from Corinium with its name confirm to be the same But as the Saxon name Gleauecester came from Glevum so Glevum by analogy came from the British name Caer Glowi and that I believe from the British word Glow which in their language signifies fair and splendid so that Caer Glow is the same as a fair City Upon the same account among the Greeks arose the names of Callipolis Callidromos and Callistratia and amongst the English Brightstow †And Shirley and in this County Fair-ford 6 Fairley c. This City was built by the Romans on purpose to be a curb to the Silures and a Colony placed there call'd Colonia Glevum for a The Inscription is still to be read at Bath I have seen the remains of an ancient stone in the walls of Bath near the North-gate with the following Inscription * decurio DEC COLONIAE GLEV VIXIT ANN. LXXXVI This City lyes extended upon Severne and on that side where it is not wash'd with the river is secured in some places with a strong wall being beautify'd with many fair Churches and handsome well-built Streets On the south part was once a Castle built of square stone but now almost quite ruin'd it was first raised in the time of William the Conqueror and 16 houses were demolished in that place as Doomsday book mentions it to make room for this edifice About which as Roger de Monte writes Roger the son of Myles Constable of Glocester commenced his action at Law against King Henry 2. and also Walter his brother lost the right he had both to the City and Castle Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons first took this City by force of arms from the Britains in the year 570. then it came under the Jurisdiction of the Mercians under whom it long flourished in great repute here Osrick King of the Northumbrians by the permission of Ethelred King of the Mercians founded a great and stately Monastery for Nuns over which Kineburga Eadburga and Eva all Mercian Queens successively presided Edelfieda likewise that famous Lady
into stones The figure of them however rudely drawn I shall here represent to the Readers eye They are irregular and of unequal height and by the decays of time are grown ragged and very much impair'd The highest of them all which lyes out of the ring toward the east they call The King because they fancy he should have been King of England if he could have seen Long-Compton a village within view at three or four steps farther five larger stones which upon one side of the circle touch one another they pretend were Knights or Horsmen and the other common Soldiers But see the draught I should think this monument to have been rais'd in memory of some victory here obtain'd perhaps by Rollo the Dane who afterward possest himself of Normandy For at the same time when he with his Danes and Normans infested England with depredations we read that the Danes and Saxons had a fight at Hokenorton and another engagement at Scier-stane in Huiccia g 'T is at Sherston in Wilts see the Additions to that County p. 101. which I should take for that great boundary stone that stands hard by and divides four Counties or Shires for so the Saxon word Scierstane does plainly intimate 2 Certainly in an Exchequer-book the town adjacent is call'd Rollendrich whereas it is there specified Turstan le Despenser held land by Serjeantry of the King 's dispensary i.e. to be the King's Steward d As to Hochnorton â—cnorâ— the inhabitants were formerly such clowns and churls that it past into a proverb for a rude and ill-bred fellow To be born at Hogs-Norton But this place is chiefly memorable for the fatal slaughter of the English in a fight with the Danes under Edmund the elder e It was afterward a Barony of the D'oily 〈◊〉 of â—ey an honourable and ancient family of Normandy The first of that name who came into England was Robert de Oily D'oily who for his great service in that expedition was rewarded by William the Conquerour with this village and many other lands some of which he gave to his sworn brother h Not John de Eiverio as Leland and after him Dugdale names him Mr. Camden's writing is confirm'd by the MS. Register of Oseney and the Domesday-Inquisition Roger Ivery and this part was afterwards the Barony of St. Walery Barony of St. Walery But this Robert deceasing without issue male his brother Nigel succeeded in his estate whose son Robert the second was Founder of the Monastery of Osney Registry of Osney-Abbey At last an heir female of this family of D'oily was married to Henry Earl of Warwick by whom she had Thomas Earl of Warwick who died without issue in the reign of Henry 3. and Margaret who died likewise without issue though she had two husbands John Mareschal and John de Plessets both Earls of Warwick Upon this as the Charter of Donation runs King Henry 3. granted Hochnorton and Cudlington to John de Plessets or Plessy 37 Hen. 3. which were the inheritance of Henry D'oily and fell into the King's hands upon the death of Margaret Countess of Warwick wife of the foresaid John as an escheat of the Lands of the Normans to have and hold till such time as the Lands of England and Normandy should be made common But of this ancient and honourable Family of D'oily there remains still a branch in this County who have yet the honour of being Knights Evenlode runs by no other place remarkable 3 But la Bruer now Bruern sometime an Abbâ—y of White Monks but after a long course takes in a small brook upon which is seated Woodstock Woodstock in Saxon Wudestoc i.e. a woody place where King Etheldred heretofore held an assembly of the States and enacted several Laws Here was a magnificent palace built by K. Hen. 1. f who adjoyn'd to it a large Park enclos'd with a wall of stone Which John Rous affirms to have been the first Park in England First Park in England though we meet with these words Parca sylvestris bestiarum several times in Doomsday-book But afterwards they encreas'd to so great a number that there were computed more in England than in all the Christian world besides so great delight did our Ancestors take in this noble sport of hunting Our Histories report that King Henry 2. being deeply enamour'd with Rosamund Clifford whose extraordinary beauty and other great accomplishments drove the thoughts of all other women from his heart and made her commonly call'd Rosa mundi the Rose of the world to secure her from the restless jealousie of his Juno Queen built in this place a Labyrinth Labyrinth where the many windings and turnings made an inextricable maze yet at present we see no remains of it The town having now nothing else to be proud of does boast of the honour of being the * Alumnus suus Jâ—ffrey Chaucer birth-place of our English Homer Jeffrey Chaucer To whom and some other of our English Poets I may apply what the learn'd Italian sung of Homer and other Greeks Hic ille est cujus de'gurgite sacro Combibit arcanos vatum omnis turba furores This he to whose immortal spring of wit Each water Poet ows his rivulet For he defying every rival in wit and leaving all our Poetasters at a long distance from him jam monte potitus Ridet anhelantem dura ad fastigâ—a turbam Sits down in triumph on the conquer'd height And smiles to see unequal Rivals sweat The Isis when iâ— has taken in the Evenlode divides its own Châ—nel and cuts out many pretty Islands among which stood Godstow Godstow i.e. The place of God a Nunnery founded by one Ida a rich widow improv'd and annually endow'd by King John to the intent those holy Virgins might according to the devotion of that Age pray for the Souls of King Henry 2. his Father and Rosamund his Concubine who was here buried with this rhyming Epitaph Hac jacet in tumbâ Rosa mundi non Rosa munda Non redolet sed olet quae redolere solet g 4 We read that Hugh Bishop of Line Diocesan of this place coming hithâ—r caused her bones to be remov'd out of the Church as unworthy of Christian burial for her unchaste life Nevertheless the holy sisters there translaâ—ed them again into the Church and laid them up in a perfum'd leather bag enclos'd in lead as was found in her tomb at the dissolution of the house and they erected a Cross there whereby the Passengers were put in mind with two rhiming verses to serve God and pray for her but I remember them not Rose of the world not Rose the fresh pure flow'r Within this Tomb hath taken up her bow'r She senteth now and nothing sweet doth smell Which earst was wont to savour passing well The Isis before it's streams are again united meets with Cherwell which coming out of Northamptonshire flows
expresly says that the Founders did therein instituere Canonicos seculares who were of the Order of S. Augustine Roger de Iveri is there mention'd as a Co-Founder a Parish-Church dedicated to St. George to which the Parishioners not having free access when the Empress Maud was closely besieg'd in this castle by King Stephen the Chapel of St. Thomas Å¿ Westward from the Castle hard by was built for that purpose He is supposed likewise to have beautified the city with new walls which are now by age sensibly impair'd Robert his Nephew son of his brother Nigel Chamberlain to King Hen. 1. t Who design'd thereby to expiate the sins of her former unchaste life and to prevail with her husband told him a story of the chattering of birds and the interpretation of a Frier which legendary tale Leland tells us was painted near her Tomb in that Abbey by persuasion of his wife Edith daughter of Furn who had been the last Concubine of that Prince in the island meadows nigh the castle built Oseny Oseney Abby which the ruins of the walls still shew to have been very large At the same time as we read in the Register of the said Abbey of Oseney Robert Pulein began to read the holy scriptures at Oxford which were before grown almost out of use in England which person after he had much profited the English and French Churches by his good doctrine was invited to Rome by Pope Lucius 2. and promoted to the dignity of Chancellour of that See To the same purpose John Rous of Warwick writes thus By the care of Keng Henry the first the Lecture of Divinity which had been long intermitted began again to flourish and this Prince built there a new Palace which was afterward converted by King Edward 2. into a Convent for Carmelite Friers But u Richard Ceur de Lion third son of Henry and Queen Eleanor his wife was born on the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary An. 1157. 4 Hen. 1. in the King's Palace of Beaumont in a Chamber upon the ground whereof the Carmelites when this house was given them by King Edw. 2. built a Belfrey and Tower of which they us'd to boast as the place of Nativity to this Martial Prince long before this conversion was born in that Palace the truly Lion-hearted Prince King Richard 1. commonly call'd Ceur de Lion Richard ceur de Lyon a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul born for the glory of England and protection of the Christian world and for the terror and confusion of Pagans and Infidels Upon whose death a Poet of that age has these tolerable verses Viscera Carleolum corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum In tria dividitur unus qui plus fuit uno Nec superest uno gloria tanta viro Hic Richarde jaces sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui cederet ipsa tuis Great Richard's body's at Fontevrault shown His bowels at Carlisle his head at Roan He now makes three because too great for one Richard lyes dead but death had fear'd his power Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour The City being thus adorn'd with beautiful buildings many Students began to flock hither as to the common Mart of civility and good letters So that learning here quickly reviv'd chiefly through the care of the foresaid Robert Pulein a man born to promote the interest of the learned world who spar'd no trouble and pains to cleanse and open the fountains of the Muses which had been so miserably dried and damm'd up under the favour and protection of King Henry 1. King Henry 2. and Richard his son whom I mention'd just before And he met with such fortunate success in his endeavours that in the reign of King John there were three thousand Students in this place who went away altogether some to Reading and some to Cambridge w As also to Maidstone Salisbury and other places when they could no longer bear the x Which happen'd An. 1209. the 10th of King John upon a Clerk in Oxford accidentally killing a woman and complaint being made to the King then at Woodstock he commanded two of the Scholars who upon suspicion of that fact had been imprison'd by the Towns-men to be immediately hang'd without the City walls This so much offended and frighted the poor Scholars that they all deserted the Town But the Inhabitants being soon sensible of the desolation and poverty they had brought upon themselves did upon their knees deprecate the fault at Westminster before Nicholas the Pope's Legate and submitted to a publick Penance Upon which the dispersed Scholars after five years absence return'd to Oxford An. 1214. and obtain'd some new Privileges for their more effectual protections abuses of the rude and insolent Citizens but when these tumults were appeas'd they soon after return'd Then and in the following times as Divine Providence seem'd to set apart this City for a seat of the Muses so did the same Providence raise up a great number of excellent Princes and Prelates who exercis'd their piety and bounty in this place for the promoting and encouraging of Arts and all good Literature And when King Henry 3. came hither and visited the shrine of S. Frideswide which was before thought a dangerous crime in any Prince and so took away that superstitious scruple which had before hindred several Kings from entring within the walls of Oxford He here conven'd a Parliament to adjust the differences between him and the Barons and at that time confirm'd the privileges granted to the University by his Predecessors and added some new acts of grace and favour After which the number of learned men so far encreas'd as to afford a constant supply of persons qualified by divine and humane knowledge for the discharge of offices in Church and State So that Matthew Paris expresly calls Oxford The second School of the Church after Paris nay the very foundation of the Church r. For the Popes of Rome had before honour'd this place with the title of an University which at that time in their decretals they allow'd only to Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca And in the Council of Vienna it was determin'd That Schools for the Hebrew Arabic and Chaldaic tongues should be erected in the Studies of Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca as the most eminent that the knowledge of those Languages might be hereby propagated and encourag'd and that out of men of the Catholick Communion furnisht with sufficient abilities two should be chosen for the profession of each Tongue For the maintenance of which Professors in Oxford all the Prelates in England Scotland Ireland and Wales and all Monasteries Chapters Convents Colleges exempt and not exempt and all Rectors of Parish-Churches should make a yearly contribution In which words one may easily observe that Oxford was the chief School in England Scotland Wales and Ireland and that
from the French his son Now had fair Tame sigh'd for her promis'd spouse While down the Catechlanian hills she flows And scarce saluting her old banks runs by Bearing no load but long virginity And this she seems ambitious to lay down And see her lover's stream augmented by her own With a faint kiss she mocks the walls of Tame And leaves behind her nothing but her name Yet tho' impatient Isis arms to fill She stops to bid the Norrises farewel Old Dorchester stands wondring at her speed And gladly bids the happy match succeed Now does the joyful Bride new drest appear Fresh blades of corn tye up her golden hair Her shining gown plays with the purled air Blushing Aurora to her hand gives place Nor proud Dione boasts so fair a face Her lips the rose her eyes bright gems outdo Her hair the lilies and her skin the snow In state she swims her careful hand throws back Her floating tresses on her silver neck Proud Isis now his comely head displays And cheers the drooping fields with golden rays Nor stays he to admire his Tama's charms But throws himself sweet load betwixt her arms Ten thousand kisses do ten thousand meet And with their breath the Lovers souls unite Hence to their bed the happy pair go down Where Faith and Concord speak them into one The Pipes and Cornets echo all around While the pleas'd stream returns the grateful sound In joyful rings the merry Nymphs advance And sportive Satyrs drive the wanton dance While Quires of winged Songsters of the air The woods and groves with tuneful numbers cheer Eccho contented now that she 's all tongue Sounds quick replies to their delightful song All things rejoyce and Nature's self is glad The painted flowers o'er smiling meadows spread To th' universal joy consent and nod their head The wanton Loves their harness'd birds drive on And clap to see their winged chariot run Auspicious Juno with a graceful smile Begins the ancient glories of the Isle On her fair brows unwithred bays appear And thus she sings and tunes her trembling Lyre How Neptune's spear the wondring Isthmus shook When their long hold the parted cliffs forsook What crimes what vengeance brought Alcides o'er To die the crystal Thames with Albion's gore And spread his monstrous carcass on the shore How hither his wild course Ulysses steer'd What altars to the angry gods he rear'd How Brute with Corinaeus came to land And made the savage nations own their new command How Caesar's drooping Legions homeward stood Glad to escape from those they had in thought subdu'd c. And after some verses interpos'd the Poet proceeds Thus sang the Goddess strait the joyful stream Proud of the late addition to it's name Flows briskly on ambitious now to pay A larger tribute to the sovereign sea Hence the Thames passes on to Benson Benson formerly Bensington which Marian calls a royal Vill and reports it took from the Britains by Ceaulin in the year 572 and i In the contest between the West-Saxon and Mercian Kings this place lying near the Frontiers often chang'd its Masters possest by the West-Saxons for 200 years following But then Offa King of Mercia thinking both his interest and reputation concern'd that they should hold nothing on this side the river k An. 778. or 779. won this town by force and joyn'd it to his own kingdom At present it is a small village and shews at a little distance from it a house of our Kings which has been formerly a beautiful structure but is now much decay'd by reason of the unhealthy situation near low and wet groud This seat call'd Ewelme Ewelme commonly New elme from the Elms here growing was built by William de la Pole Duke of Suffolk who by marriage with Alice only daughter of Thomas Chaucer obtain'd a large estate in these parts and besides this house built a neat Church in which the said Alice lies interr'd and a l Call'd Godshouse and consisting of two Priests and thirteen poor men fair Hospital But John Earl of Lincoln 21 Who by K. Rich. 3. had been declared heir apparent to the crown his grandchild by John his son in a manner utterly ruin'd this family For being engag'd in a conspiracy against K. Hen. 7. his honours were lost by attainder and his estate confiscated to the King and he himself soon after slain in battel 22 At Stoke and Edmund his brother After this K. Hen. 8. with the addition of some neighbouring manours made an Honour of this estate among these manours was Walingford which had long time pertained to the Dukes of Cornwall rr From hence the Thames fetches a large and winding compass round the Hundred of Henley hilly and woody which some think to have been the country of the Ancalites Ancalites who submitted themselves to Caesar 23 Here is Bixbrond and Stonor ancient possessions of the families of Stonor's who since the time of K. Edw. 3. when Sir John Stonor was chief Justice in the Common Pleas flourished with great alliance and fair revenues until they were transferred by an heir general to Sir Adrian Fortescue unhappily attainted whose daughter heir to hâ—r mother was married to the first Baron Wentworth Next neighbour hereunto is Pus-hall which the family of D'oily held by yielding yearly to the King a table-cloth of 3 shillings price oâ— 3 shillings for all service In this Hundred stands m The perpetual Advouson of the Church here was lately purchas'd and given to Trinity-College in Oxford by their faithful and generous Steward Mr. Thomas Rowney sen Greys Rotherfield Grey de Rotherfield where is a noble house given heretofore by Walter Grey Archbishop of York to his Nephew William Gâ—ey whose estate fell to the Lovels by the Lord D'eincourt It is now the seat of William Knolles Lord Knolles Treasurer of his Majesty's houshold whom King James in consideration of his faithful services to Queen Elizabeth and his readiness to perform the like to him advanc'd to the honour and title of Knolles Baron of Rotherfield Near this place upon the Thames in the utmost limits of the County stands Henley Henley formerly Hanleganz where the greatest part of the inhabitants are Barge-men and get their livelyhood by carrying wood and corn to London by water This town has nothing ancient to boast of only that it belong'd formerly to the Molins from whom by the Hungerfords who obtain'd from K. Hen. 6. a licence for two fairs yearly it descended to the illustrious family of the Hastings The bridge over the Thames which is now of timber they report to have been heretofore of stone and arched But whether this was the bridge which Dio makes the Romans to have pass'd over in pursuit of the Britains in these parts Xiphiline who had forded the river a little lower is not so easie to determine ss From Henly the Chiltern-hills run into a continued
VALE ANNO DOMINI M.D.XLIII ET ANNO REGNI HENRICI OCTAVI XXXVI When Leith a town of good account in Scotland and Edinburgh the principal city of that Nation were on fire Sir Richard Lea Knight saved me out of the flames and brought me into England In gratitude to him for this his kindness I who heretofore served only at the baptism of the Children of Kings do now most willingly offer the same service even to the meanest of the English Nation Lea the Conquerour hath so commanded Adieu A. D. 1543. in the 36th year of King Henry the 8th l But to return to our business As Antiquity hath consecrated this place to Religion so Mars seems to have made it a seat of war To pass by others when our Nation had now almost spent as it were its vital spirits in the Civil wars between the two Houses of York and Lancaster there were two battels fought within this very town by the heads of the two parties with various success In the first fight Richard Duke of York defeated the Lancastrian party took King Henry the sixth prisoner and slew a great many persons of the best quality But four years after the Lancastrians had the advantage under the conduct of Queen Margaret routed the Yorkists and recovered their King m About this town to omit a certain fort in the neighbourhood which the vulgar call the Oister-hills but I am apt to think was the Camp of Ostorius the Propraetor the Abbots erected several pious and charitable foundations as a little Nunnery at Sopwell and St. Julian's Hospital for Lepers and another named St. Mary â—f the â—â—dow de Pree for infirm women Near which they had a great Manour named Gorambery where 17 Sir Nicholas Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England hath erected a structure becoming his character Near to this place lyeth Redborne â—â—â—borne which in modern language signifieth a Red-water And yet the water that runneth by this place 18 From Mergrate sometime a Religious House now a Seaâ— of the Ferrers out of the House of Groby is no more red than that of the Red-Sea It was a place in old time very famous for the Reliques which were there found of Amphibalus the Martyr who was the person that first instructed St. Alban in the Christian Faith for which faith he also suffer'd under Dioclesian At present it is most remarkable for the old military high-way commonly calld Watlingstreet upon which it is seated and also for a certain brook near it call'd â—t is also â—d Weâ—r Wenmer which as the vulgar believe when ever it breaks out and swells higher than usual always portends dearth or troublesome times n Near unto this we have reason to look for Duro-co-brivae â—o-coâ—a a station of which Antoninus makes mention though indeed the distance would perswade us otherwise For Redborne in our language and Dur-coh in the British or Welch tongue signifie one and the same thing to wit Red water Now to search after the situation of ancient places we have no better guides than ancient Inscriptions the course of the great roads the reason and similitude of names and rivers or lakes adjoyning although they do not exactly correspond to the several distances that are assign'd in the Itinerarie which may very well be since corrupted and the passage from one place to another cut shorter Certainly the old Duro-co-brivae must needs have been seated in the same place where that Roman high-way crossed this water to wit below Flamsted For just at this place at seven miles distance from Verulamium though now through the negligence of transcribers the number is chang'd to twelve a good large spring riseth at the road-side and crosseth it with a small stream which though here it have no name yet below St. Albans it is call'd Col. â—ra what 〈◊〉 And as to that termination Briva which is an adjunct to the names of very many places it signified as I suppose among the ancient Britains and Gauls a Bridge or the passage over a River since we find it no where us'd but at rivers In this Island there were one or two Durobrivae that is unless I am much deceiv'd passages over the water In Gaul there was Briva Isariae now Pontoise where was the passage over the Isara or Ysore Briva Oderae over the Odera and Samarobriva for that is the right name over the river Soain Somewhat higher upon a small hill standeth Flamsted â—msted which in the time of Edward the Confessor Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans gave to three Knights Turnot Waldef and Turman upon condition that they should secure the neighbouring country from robberies But William the Conquerour took it from them and gave it Roger de Todeney or Tony an eminent Norman with the title of Barony But in time it was by a daughter transferr'd to the Beauchamps Earls of Warwick Hence I passed southwards to Hemsted â—â—â—â—ted a small Market-town call'd Hehan-hamsted when King Offa made a grant of it to the Monastery of St. Albans It is seated among hills by the side of a small river which a little lower runs into another that goes through Berkhamsted â—â—â—khamâ—â—â—â— In this place the Nobles of England had a meeting when by the perswasion of Fretheric then Abbot of St. Albans they were plotting to throw off the new Norman Government And thither came William the Conqueror in person as we read in the life of this Fretheric much concern'd for fear he should to his great disgrace lose that Kingdom which with so much blood he had purchas'd And after many debates in the presence of Lanfranc the Archbishop the King to settle a firm peace took an Oath upon all the Reliques of the Church of St. Alban and upon the holy Evangelists which the Abbot Fretheric administred That he would inviolably observe all the good approv'd and ancient Laws of the Kingdom which the most sacred and pious Kings of England his Predecessors and especially King Edward had established But most of these Noblemens estates he soon after seized and confiscated and bestowed this town upon Robert Earl of Moriton and Cornwal 19 His halfbrother who according to the common tradition built here a Castle with a rampart and a double ditch to it In which Castle Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal dy'd full of years and honours Upon default of issue of that Earl King Edward the third gave this town and castle to Edward his eldest son that most renown'd and warlike Prince whom he created Duke of Cornwal from whence even in our times it continues to be part of the possessions of the Dutchy of Cornwal This castle is now nothing else but ruin'd walls and one rude heap of stones above which upon a small hill Sir Edward Cary Kt. Master of the Jewels to the King descended from the house of the Carys in Devonshire 20 And the Beauforts
the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work †Pari commissura the joints answering one another but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together Moreover the Cross of the Church made to encompass the middle Quire of the ‖ Canentium Domino Singers and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower first rises singly with a low and strong arch then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead But 160 years after Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Edward's and erected a new one of curious workmanship supported by several rows of marble Pillars and leaded over which was fifty years in building This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west and Henry the seventh for the burial of himself and * Suorum his children added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance call'd by Leland the miracle of the world for you 'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument made of solid brass q After the expulsion of the Monks it had several revolutions first it had a Dean and Prebendaâ—ies next one single Bishop Thomas Thurlbey who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church gave it up and surrender'd it 42 Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers to the Dean Presently after the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church nay I may say a Nursery of the Church For she settl'd twelve Prebendaries as many old Souldiers past service forty Scholars calld King's Scholars sent successively to the Universities and thence transplanted into Church and State c. Over all these she constituted a Dean 43 Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean whose Successor was which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman a person of singular worth and integrity and a particular Patron both to me and my studies There were bury'd in this Church to run over those likewise in order Princes bury'd in Westminster-Abbey and according to their Dignity and the time when they dy'd Sebert first 44 And first Christian King of the East-Angles Harold bastard-son of Canutus the Dane King of England St. Edward King and Confessor with his Queen Editha Maud wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Malcolm King of Scots Henry the third Edward the first his son with Eleanor his wife daughter to Ferdinand third King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the third and Philippa of Hanault his wife Richard the second and Anne his wife sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus Henry the fifth with his wife Catharine daughter of Charles the sixth King of France Anne wife of Richard the third and daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Henry the seventh with his wife Elizabeth 45 Daughter to King Edward 4. and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond K. Edward the sixth Anne of Cleve fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary and one not to be mention'd without the highest expressions both of respect and sorrow I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the darling of England a Princess endow'd with heroick Vertues Wisdom and a greatness of Mind much beyond her Sex and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James But alas how inconsiderable is that Monument in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady She her self is her own Monument and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Posterity RELIGION REFORM'D PEACE ESTABLISHT MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D REBELLION SUPPRESS'D ENGLAND FOR XLIIII YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRUDENTLY GOVERN'D ENRICHT AND STRENGTHEN'D SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED SPAIN AW'D IRELAND QUIETED AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND The Dukes and Lords that have been bury'd here are Edmund Earl of Lancaster younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus Countess of Albemarle his wife William and Audomar de Valentia of the family of Lusignia Earls of Pembroke Alphonse John and other Children of K. Edward 1. John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall son of K. Edward 2. Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex wife to Thomas de Woodstock the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7. Henry young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old Sophia daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd ‖ Primo aetatis diluculo almost assoon as born Philippa Dutchess of York Lewis Viscount Robsert of Hanault in right of his wife Lord Bourchier Anne the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk betroth'd to Rich. D. of York younger son to K. Edw. 4. 46 Sir Giles Daubeney Giles Daubeney Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the family of the Arundels in Cornwall Viscount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain with Charles her son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her daughter Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England with her mother Mildred Burghley Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex 47 James Butler instead of Thomas Butler Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles son and heir of the Earl of Ormond Besides Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell another 48 Sir Humfrey Bourchier Humfrey Bourchier son and heir of the Lord Berners both slain in Barnet-fight 49 Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Carew instead of Nicholas Baron Carew Nicholas Baron Carew the Baroness of Powis Thomas Baron Wentworth Thomas Baron Wharton John Lord Russel Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England Douglasia 50 H. Howard Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bindon wife of 51 Sir Arthur Gorges Arthur Gorge Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland wife of William Cecil 52 Sir John Puckering John Puckering Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hertford Henry and George Cary father and son Barons of Hunsdon and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the young daughter of Christopher Harley Count de Beaumont Embassador in England from
the French King put in a golden little Urn upon a Pyramid 53 Sir Charles Blunt Earl c. instead of Charles Earl of Devon c. Charles Earl of Devonshire Lord Deputy of Ireland and Geoffrey Chaucer who being Prince of the English Poets ought not to be pass'd by as neither Edmund Spencer who of all the English Poets came nearest him in a happy genius and a rich vein of Poetry There are also several others both Clergy and Gentlemen of quality r Hard by there was another College 54 Of a Dean and c. of 12 Canons dedicated to S. Stephen which King Edw. 3. rais'd to such a royal magnificence and endow'd with such large possessions after he had carry'd his victories thro' France that he seems rather to have been Founder than only the Repairer devoutly considering as the Foundation-Charter has it the great benefits of Christ whereby out of his rich mercy we have been prevented upon all occasions delivering us altho' unworthy of it from divers perils and by the right hand of his power mightily defending us and giving us the victory in all the assaults of our enemies as also comforting us with unexpected remedies in the other tribulations and difficulties we have labour'd under Near this was a Palace the ancient habitation of the Kings of England from the time of S. Edward the Confessor which in the reign of K. Hen. 8. was burnt down by a casual fire This Palace was really large and magnificent Fitz-Steph a building not to be equall'd in that age having a * Anteâ—â—rale vawmure and bulwarks For the remains of this are the Chamber wherein the King the Nobility and great Ministers of State meet in Parliament and that next to it wherein our Forefathers us'd to begin their Parliaments call'd the painted Chamber of S. Edward 55 Because the Tradition holds that the said King Edward therein died How bloody black hainous and horrible how odious to God and man that act was whereby certain brutes in the shape of men under that Arch-traitor Fr. Catesby by undermining Fr. Catesby's Plot and placing a vast quantity of gun-powder under those buildings lately contriv'd the destruction of their Prince Country and all the Estates of the Kingdom out of a specious pretence of Religion my very heart quakes to consider and I cannot reflect without the greatest horrour and astonishment into what an inevitable darkness and lamentable ruin they would have thrown this most flourishing Kingdom in a moment But what an old Poet said in a matter of less concern we may mournfully apply to our case Excidat illa dies aevo ne postera credant Secula nos certè taceamus obruta multa Nocte tegi propriae patiamur crimina gentis May that black day ' scape the record of fate And after-ages never know 't has been Or us at least let us the time forget And hide in endless night our guilty nation's sin Near these is the White-hall wherein is at this day the Court of Requests Below which is that Hall larger than any of the rest Westminster-Hall the Praetorium and Hall of Justice for all England s In this there are held Courts of Justice namely King's-Bench Common-Pleas Chancery and in places round it The Star-Chamber the Exchequer Court of Wards Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster c. In these are heard Causes at the set seasons or Terms of the year whereas before the reign of Hen. 3. the General Court of Justice was moveable and always follow'd the King's Court. Guil Lâ—â—bard But he in his Magna Charta made a law in these words The Common-Pleas shall not follow our Court but be held in some one certain place Tho' there are some who understand only by this that the Common-Pleas should from that time forward be held in a distinct Court and not in the Kings-bench as formerly The * Praetorium Hall which we now have was built by K. Rich. 2. as we learn from his Arms in the stone-work and the †Lacunaribus beams which having pull'd down that more ancient Hall built in the place by William Rufus he made his own habitation For then the Kings us'd to hear causes themselves as being the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Judges Prov. c. 1â— whose mouth as the Royal Pen-man has it shall not err in judgment But this Palace being burn'd down in the year 1512. lay desolate and a little after Henry 8. remov'd the Royal Seat to a neighbouring house that not long since was Cardinal Wolsey's which they now call White-hall This is a truly Royal Palace enclos'd on one side with a Park reaching to another house of the King 's 56 Robert Catesby built by K. Henry 8. and call'd S. James's 57 Where anciently was a Spittle for Maiden Lepeus on the other with the Thames A certain Poet from it's Whiteness has term'd it Leucaeum Regale subintrant Leucaeum Reges dederant memorabile quondam Atria quae niveo candebant marmore nomen Quod Tamisis prima est cui gloria pascere cygnos Ledaeos rauco pronus subterluit aestu To the Leuceum now the Princes came Which to it's own white marble owes it's name Here Thames whose silver swans are all his pride Runs roaring by with an impetuous tide Hard by near the Mues The Mâ—â—s so call'd because 't was formerly a place for keeping of Hawks but is now a beautiful stable for the King's horses there stands a monument which King Edw. 1. erected in memory of Queen Eleanor Châ—ring-cross the dearest husband to the most loving wife The tenderness oâ— wife whose tender affection will stand upon record to all posterity She was daughter to Ferdinand 3. King of Castile and marry'd to Edward 1. King of England with whom she went into the Holy Land When her husband was treacherously wounded by a Moor with a poyson'd sword and rather grew worse than receiv'd any ease by what the Physicians apply'd to it Rodâ—ricus Tâ—â—â—tanus lâ—b 1. she found out a remedy as new and unheard of as full of love and endearment For by reason of the malignity of the poyson her husband's wounds could not possibly be clos'd but she lick'd them dayly with her own tongue and suck'd out the venomous humour thinking it a most delicious liquor By the power whereof or rather by the virtue of a wife's tenderness she so drew out the poysonous matter that he was entirely cur'd of his wound and she escap'd without catching any harm What then can be more rare than this woman's expression of love or what can be more admirable The tongue of a wife anointed if I may so say with duty and love to her husband draws from her beloved those poysons which could not be drawn by the most approv'd Physician and what many and most exquisite medicines could not do is effected purely by the love of a wife And thus
Willen where his estate lyes at Wells he has built a Library and is at this time repairing the Church of Lutton r In the Church and Chapel our Author numbers many other Kings Queens Persons buried in Westminster-Abbey and Princes that have been there bury'd before and since King Hen. 7. To the Catalogue whereof we must needs add King Edward the fifth and his Brother Richard Duke of York who were most barbarously smother'd to death with Pillows in the Tower of London Anno 1483. by order of their unnatural Uncle Richard Duke of Glocester Their bodies though ‖ Continueâ— of Harding's Chron. some have written they were put into a leaden Coffin and cast into the black deeps near the Thames mouth by Sir Robert Brackenburies Priest were found July 17. 1674. by some workmen who were employed to take up the steps leading into the Chapel of the white Tower which in all probability was the first and only place they were deposited in Thence their bones except some few of them sent to the Museum at Oxford * Catalogâ— MS. Musâ— Ashâ—â—lea oâ— Oxon. were commanded Anno 1678. by King Charles 2. to be translated thence and decently interr'd here under a curious Altar of black and white marble with the following Epitaph engraven on the Pedestal H. S. S. Reliquiae Edwardi 5. Regis Angliae Richardi Ducis Eboracensis Hos germanos fratres Turri Londinensi conclusos injectisque culcitris suffocatos abdite inhoneste tumulari jussit Patruus Richardus perfidus Regni praedo Ossa desideratorum diu multum quaesita post annos 190 c. Scalarum in ruderibus scalae istae ad sacellum Turris albae nuper ducebant alte defossa indiciis certissimis reperta 17 die Julii Anno Dom. 1674. Carolus secundus Rex clementissimus acerbam sortem miseratus inter avita monumenta Principibus infoelicissimis justa perselvit Anno Dom. 1678. Annoque Regni sui 30. That is Here under lye interr'd the Remains of Edward 5. King of England and of Richard Duke of York Which two Brothers their Uncle Richard who usurpt the Crown shut up in the Tower of London smother'd them with Pillows and order'd them to be dishonourably and secretly buried Whose long desired and much sought for bones after above an hundred and ninety years were found by most certain tokens deep interr'd under the rubbish of the stairs that led up into the Chapel of the white Tower on the 17th of July in the year of our Lord 1674. Charles the second a most merciful Prince having compassion upon their hard fortune performed the funeral rites of these unhappy Princes amongst the Tombs of their Ancestors Anno Dom. 1678. being the 30th of his reign To whom add King James the first Queen Ann Queen of Bohemia and others of their Children The Lady Elizabeth Princess of Orange King Charles the second and several of the Children of him and of King James the second Henry Duke of Glocester Lodowick Duke of Richmond and Lenox George Duke of Albemarle William Duke of Newcastle and George Duke of Buckingham Lionel Earl of Middlesex Edward Earl of Sandwich and James Earl of Ossory And amongst the Poets we must not forget the famous Ben. Johnson and the ingenious Mr. Cowley to whom I wish I could have added Mr. Butler who equal if not exceed the best of their Predecessors s Near to the Church stands Westminster-hall Westminster-hall first founded by William Rufus about the year of Christ 1097. wherein as * P. 44. Edit Wâ—â—s Matthew Paris tells us upon his return out of Normandy Anno 1099. he Most royally kept the Feast of Whitsuntide The length of it was 270 foot and 74 the breadth which when he heard some say was too great he answer'd That it was not big enough by one half and was but a Bed-chamber in comparison of what he intended to make The foundations as we are told were to be seen in the days of Matthew Paris stretching themselves from the river to the common high-way whence we may gather 't was intended to have pointed in length East and West and not North and South as it now does Charter-house t Next our Author proceeds to the Northern and Eastern Suburbs wherein amongst others he takes notice of the opulent house of Carthusian Monks founded about 1370. 45 Edw. 3. by Sir Walter de Many which after the dissolution being bestow'd upon Sir Thomas Audley Speaker of the House of Commons past from him with his sole daughter Margaret by marriage to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk and so by descent to Thomas Earl of Suffolk Of him it was purchased since our Author's time under the name of Howard-house otherwise call'd the late dissolved Charter-house near Smithfield in Middlesex by Thomas Sutton of Camps-castle in the County of Cambridge for the sum of thirteen thousand pounds He erected it into an Hospital by the name of the Hospital of King James founded in Charter-house in the County of Middlesex at the humble petition and only cost and charges of Thomas Sutton Esq endowing it with divers Manours and other Lands to the value of 4493 l. 19 s. 10 d. for the maintenance of a Master or Governour a Preacher Physician Register Receiver c. 80 poor Brothers or Pensioners which are to be either Gentlemen by descent and in poverty Merchants decay'd by pyracy or shipwrack or superannuated Soldiers by sea or land and none of these to be under the age of 50 years at the time of their admission Except Soldiers maim'd in the wars and not in private quarrels which in regard of their misfortune are capable ten years sooner Beside 6 l. 6 s. 8 d. wages they are all allow'd meat drink lodging gowns and other cloaths And so are 40 poor Scholars who are only capable of admission between the years of 10 and 15 and not to continue in the School above 8 years at most Before the expiration whereof they are either transplanted to one of the Universities where since the increase of the Revenue which now amounts to 5500 l. per Annum there are no less than 29 always maintain'd with the allowance of 20 l. per Annum each to be paid quarterly for 8 years time or they are put forth to be Apprentices the House now giving no less than 40 l. with them The government is in the hands of the most honourable Grandees of the State and most reverend Prelates of the Church beside the King and Queen who put in both the Pensioners and Children in their courses only the King first puts in two the Queen one and then the 16 Governours one each in their respective turns as the places become vacant * S. Hern's Domus Carthusiana u In the more Eastern Suburbs where he tells us many Roman Urns and other Antiquities were found we can only add Roman Antiquities that the place he mentions was Spittle-fields They were dugg up in
lost themselves though the very name points it out and discovers it plainly to them be they never so blind Many have sought for it in the west of England as that notable man who thought he carry'd the Sun of Antiquities about with him others in Scotland others have with Leland affirm'd Colchester to be the place when all this while the name is very little alter'd and instead of Camalodunum 't is call'd at present Maldon Maldon in Saxon Maledune and Mealdune the greatest part of the word still remaining whole and entire Nor are the plain reliques of the name the only argument for this assertion but the distance too from the Mona of Pliny and the very situation in an ancient Itinerary-table are as plain proofs as any in the world I scarce dare be so bold as conjecture that this place was so call'd from the God Camulus The Gâ—d Camuâ—us yet is there some grounds for such a fancy from Mars's being worship'd under this name and from an old stone at Rome in the house of the Collotians and from altars that have been found with this inscription CAMVLO DEO SANCTO ET FORTISSIMO And upon an old Coin of Cunobeline whose chief seat this was as I have before observ'd I have seen a figure with a helmet and a spear which might probably be design'd for that of Mars with the Letters CAMV But because at present that piece is not in my hands I shall present you here with some others of the same Cunobeline which seem to relate to this Camalodunm He govern'd the Eastern part of the Island in the reign of Tiberius and is suppos'd to have had 3 sons Admimus Togodumnus and Catacratus Admimus being expell'd the kingdom by his father and receiv'd by C. Caligula accompanied him into Batavia on that ridiculous expedition to put a terrour upon Britain As for Togodumnus Aulus Plautius overcame and kill'd him in a fair battel and the same person having put Catacratus to the rout See the Romans in britain as I have mention'd in another place carried him to Rome to grace his Ovation or lesser sort of Triumph This is that Plautius who by the advice of one Caius Bericus a British exile pretences for war continually offering themselves first after Julius Caesar made an attempt on Britain under the Emperour Claudius Claudius in Britain whom Claudius himself soon follow'd with the whole force of the Empire †Dio Câ—ss l. 60. See afterwards under the title Nesse and abundance of Elephants the bones of which being casually found have given rise to several groundless stories Passing the Thames he put the Britains to flight that stood to receive him on the other side and easily possess'd himself of this Camalodunum For which atchievements his son being honour'd with the title of Britannicus and himself often saluted Emperour six months after his setting out he return'd to Rome But I have spoke of these matters more fully in another place and am not willing to trouble the Reader with a repetition of them here Camalodunum being thus reduced under the subjection of the Romans Claudius placed here a stout band of Veterans for a Colony and coined money in memory of this action with the following Inscription Colonia Camalodunum COL CAMALODVN From which it appears that this happen'd in the twelfth year of that Emperour which falls in with the year of Christ 52. In an old Inscription which you have here set down 't is call'd COLONIA VICTRICENSIS from the Veterans of the fourteenth Legion which had the name of Gemina Martia Victrix whom Tacitus calls the Conquerours of Britain CN MVNATIVS M.F. PAL AVRELIVS BASSVS PROC AVG. PRAEF FABR. PRAEF COH III. SAGITTARIORVM PRAEF COH ITERVM II. ASTVRVM CENSITOR CIVIVM ROMANORVM COLONIAE VICTRICENSIS QVAE EST IN BRITANNIA CAMALODVNI c. Now a Colony if the knowledge of this be material is a body of men brought into a fortify'd place Servius and invested with the right of possession These for the most part were Veterans both that provision might be made for them and that they might defend the place against rebels and inure the friends and allies of the Romans to the laws and customs of the Empire These Colonies were in great honour and esteem being as it were Tacitus â—f this Câ— images and representations of the city of Rome They had their Magistrates too superiour and inferiour of which since others have given us an account already 't would be unnecessary for me to spend my time in describing them In this Roman Colony the first in Britain was a temple erected to the honour of Claudius Tacitus calls it The Aâ— and Temp e to Claudâ—â—s The altar of eternal dominion Seneca too takes notice of it in his scoffing Satyr on the death and deification of that Emperour 'T is no great matter saith he that Claudius hath a temple in Britain which the barbarous people now worship and adore as a deity For there were Priests chosen to his honour namely the Sodales Augustales who under pretence of religion juggl'd the poor Britains out of their fortunes and estates But after ten years space the course of things changed and this Colony was utterly ruined For when the Veterans that were brought into this country after it had been subdued exercis'd too cruel a tyranny over their poor subjects the sparks of the war which had lay conceal'd for so long a time broke out into a more violent flame than ever The Britains under the conduct of Bunduica or Boodicia plunder'd and burnt this Colony that was secur'd with no fortifications and in two days space storm'd the temple where the Soldiers had got together to defend themselves routed the ninth Legion that was coming to their assistance â—â—â—avs â—0000 and in a word kill'd 70000 Romans and Allies This dreadful slaughter was foretold by several prodigies Prodigies The image of Victory in this city turn'd it self round and fell to the earth In the Court were heard strange cries and the Theaters sounded with howling and groans houses were seen under the water of Thames and the neighbouring bay overflow'd with blood This day we since call Blackwater though I know not for what reason as Ptolemy calls it Idumanus â—â—â—manus which seems in some manner to denote the same Ydu in British signifying black Yet the Romans rais'd it again out of its ashes for Antoninus makes mention of it a long time after this During the Saxon government we scarce find it nam'd only Marian informs us that Edward son to King Alfred restor'd Malduna which had been ruin'd by the Danish fury and fortified it with a castle William the Conquerour as we read in Domesday had in it 180 houses held by the Burgesses and 18 Mansions laid waste At present for largeness and store of inhabitants it is justly reckon'd among the chief towns of this County and is call'd by the Lawyers the
1173. when the rebellious son of King Henry the second took up Arms against his father Robert Earl of Leicester with his Stipendiaries from Flanders harrass'd the Country all round And here also it was that in the year 1553. Queen Mary enter'd upon the government notwithstanding the violent opposition of Dudley Earl of Northumberland against King Henry the eight's daughters The river goes next to Parrham Parrham a little town whose Lord William Willoughby Barons Willâ—ugâ—by of Parrham had the dignity of a Baron conferr'd upon him by King Edward the sixth and from thence running by Glemham which has given name to an ancient and famous family 16 Descended from the Bacons and Brandons to Oreford Oreford that takes its name from it it falls into the Sea This was once a large and populous town fortify'd with a Castle of reddish stone which formerly belong'd to the Valoinies and afterward to the Willoughbeys But now it complains of the Sea's ingratitude which withdraws it self by little and little and begins to envy it the advantage of a harbour And this is all I have to say of Oreford unless you please to run over this short passage of Ralph de Coggeshall an ancient Writer In the time of Henry the first when Bartholomew de Glanvile was Governour of the Castle of Oreford some fishermen hapen'd to catch a wild man in their nets All the parts of his body resembl'd those of a man he had hair on his head a long * Pineatam picked beard and about the breast was exceeding hairy and rough But at length he made his escape privately into the Sea and was never seen more So that what the common People affirm may be very true Whatever is produc'd in any part of nature is in the sea and not at all fabulous what Pliny has wrote about the Triton on the coasts of Portugal Tritons and Sea-monsters and the Sea-man in the Straits of Gibralter Not much higher in a safe and pleasant situation within the Vale of Slaughden where the Sea beats upon it on the east and the River on the west lyes Aldburgh Aldburgh which signifies an ancient Burrough or as others will have it a burrough upon the river Ald. 'T is a harbour very commodious for mariners and fishermen by which means the place is populous and is much favour'd by the Sea which is a little unkind to other towns upon this coast Hard by when in the year 1555. all the corn throughout England was choakt in the ear by unseasonable weather the inhabitants tell you that in the beginning of Autumn there grew Pease miraculously among the rocks Pease growing out of the rocks without any earth about them and that they reliev'd the dearth in those parts But the more thinking people affirm that Pulse cast upon the shore by shipwrack h At the south part of the Meer-shingle says Blome there still comes up yearly certain coarse grey Peas and very good Coleworts out of the stony-heaps us'd to grow there now and then and so quite exclude the miracle But that such as these grew every year among the pebbles on the coasts of Kent we have observ'd before From hence keeping along the shore at ten miles distance we meet with Dunwich Dunwich in Saxon Dunmoc mention'd by Bede Here it was that Foelix the Burgundian who reduc'd the East-Angles then falling from the Faith to Christianity fixt an Episcopal Seat in the year 630. and his Successors for many years presided over the whole kingdom of the East-Angles But Bisus the fourth from Foelix when by reason of old age and a broken constitution he found himself altogether unable to manage so large a Province divided it into two Sees One he kept in this place and fixt the other at a little town call'd North-Elmham In the reign of William the first it had 236 Burgesses and 100 Poor it was valued at fifty pound and sixty thousand †Allectum for halecum herrings by gift So we read in Domesday-book In the last age it was very populous and famous for a Mint and in the reign of Henry the second it was as William of Newburrow has told us a famous village well stor'd with riches of all sorts At which time when the peace of England was disturb'd with fresh commotions it was fortify'd on purpose to awe Robert Earl of Leicester who over-run all those parts far and near But now by a private pique of Nature which has set no fixt bounds to the incursions of the Sea the greatest part of it is swept away by the violence of the waves and the Bishops having many years ago transferr'd their Seat to another place it lyes now in solitude and desolation h A little higher the river Blith unloads it self into the Sea upon whose bank I saw a little town call'd Blithborow Blithborrow memorable only for the burying place of the Christian King Anna whom Penda the Mercian slew in a pitcht battel The Church was made eminent for a College of Prebendaries by Henry the first who granted it to the Canons of St. Osith It has a Market by the favour of John Lord Clavering to whom King Edward the second granted this Privilege along with a Fair. He was possess'd of a very large estate in those parts Regist Monast de Sibton as descended from the daughter and heir of William de Cassineto or Cheney who held the Barony of Horsford in the County of Norfolk and built a small Monastery at Sibton i Here the Promontory Easton-nesse Easton-nesse shoots it self a great way into the Sea Eastward Extensio Promont so that 't is lookt upon to be the farthest east of any part of Britain By Ptolemy it is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Extensio extension and to put it beyond all doubt that this is the same with our Easton know that Eysteney is the same in British that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in the Greek and Extensio in the Latin though indeed this name might as probably be deriv'd from our own language because of the easterly situation of the place 17 On the farthest part of the same Promontory stands Easton a village of fishermen almost entirely swallow'd up of the sea and on the southern side thereof Southwold c. In the south part of this Promontory Southwold lyes in a plain low and open expos'd to the Sea which the convenience of the harbour made by the river Blith's unlading it self there has render'd a pretty populous town At high water it is so encompast with the Sea that you 'd take it for an Island and wonder that 't is not all overflow'd Which brings to my mind that passage of Cicero Lib. 3. De Nat. Deor. What shall we say of the Tides in Spain and Britain and their ebbing and flowing at set times without a God they cannot be who hath set bounds to the sea
More inward wee see Wingfield Wingfield with its half ruinated Castle which gave both a name and seat to a large family in those parts famous for their knighthood and ancient nobility And Dunnington which boasts of its Lord John Phelipps Phelipps the father of that William who married the daughter and heir of Baron Bardolph and whose daughter and heir was marry'd to John Viscount Beaumont But now 't is the seat of the ancient family of the Rouses Not far from hence is Huntingfield Huntingfield which in the reign of Edward the third had a noted Baron of that name and near this is Heveningham the seat of the knightly family de Heveningham Henningham which is exceeding ancient at a little distance from whence is Halesworth Halesworth formerly Healsworda an ancient town of the Argentons now of the Alingtons for which Richard Argenton procur'd the Privilege of a Market of King Henry the third That on the north part two little rivers namely Ouse the less and Waveney divide this County from Norfolk we have already observ'd They both rise out of a marshy ground about Lophamford very near one the other and run quite contrary ways with creeks full of shallow fords On this side of the Ouse which goes westward there is nothing memorable k Upon Waveney which is carried eastward first we meet with Hoxon formerly Hegilsdon made famous by the martyrdom of King Edmund Martyrdom of King Edmund For there the most Christian King because he would not renounce Christ was by the most inhuman Danes to use the words of Abbo bound to a tree Hoxon and had his body all over mangl'd with arrows And they to increase the pain and torture with showers of arrows made wound upon wound till the darts gave place to one another And as a middle-age Poet has sung of him Jam loca vulneribus desunt nec dum furiosis Tela sed hyberna grandine plura volant Now wounds repeated left no room for new Yet impious foes still more relentless grew And still like winter-hail their pointed arrows flew In which place was afterwards a very neat seat of the Bishops of Norwich till they exchang'd it not long since for the Monastery of S. Benedict In the neighbourhood at Brome the family of Cornwalleys Cornwalleys Knights have dwelt for a long time of which John was Steward of the Houshold to King Edward the sixth and Thomas his son for his prudence and fidelity was Privy-Councellor to Queen Mary and Lord Controller of her Houshold Below this is Eay Eay that is the Island so call'd because 't is water'd on all sides where are seen the rubbish ruins and the decaying walls of a Monastery dedicated to St. Peter Book of Inquisitions and of an old Castle which belong'd to Robert Mallet a Norman Baron But when he was depriv'd of his dignity under Henry the first for siding with Robert Duke of Normandy against that King he bestow'd this Honour upon Stephen Count of Bologne who afterwards usurping the Crown of England left it to his son William Earl of Waren But after he 18 Having surrendâ—r'd his estate to King Henry 2. had lost his life in the Expedition of Tholose the Kings kept it in their own hands till Richard 1. gave it to Henry 5. of that name Duke of Brabant and Lorain with the grandchild of K. Stephen by a daughter who had been a Nun. A long time after when it return'd to the Kings of England Edward the third as I have heard gave it to Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk Nor must we pass by Bedingfield Bedingfield in the neighbourhood which gave name to a famous and ancient family that receiv'd much honour by the heir of Tudenham From thence along by Flixton Flixton for Felixton so nam'd among many others in this County from Foelix the first Bishop the river Waveney runs to Bungey Bungey and almost encompasses it Here Hugh Bigod when the seditious Barons put all England in an uproar fortify'd a Castle to the strength whereof nature very much contributed Of which he was wont to boast as if it were impregnable Were I in my Castle of Bungey Upon the River of Waveney I would ne care for the King of Cockeney Notwithstanding which he was afterwards forc'd to compound for a great sum of money and hostages with Henry the second to save it from being demolisht Next not far from the banks we meet with Mettingham Mettingham where in a plain a square Castle with a College in it was built by the Lord of the place John sirnam'd de Norwich whose daughter and afterward heir of the family was marry'd to Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk to whom she brought a fair estate Now the Waveney drawing nearer the Sea while it tries in vain to break a double passage into the Ocean the one along with the river Yare the other through the lake Luthing makes a pretty large Peninsula call'd by some Lovingland but by others more truly Luthingland Luthingland from that long and spatious lake Luthing which beginning at the Sea-side empties it self into the river Yare At the beginning of this Lestoffe Lestoffe a little town hangs as it were over the sea and at the end of it is Gorlston where I saw the tower of a small ruinated religious House which is of some use to the Sea men More inward upon the Yare is Somerley Somerley formerly as I was told the seat of the Fitz-Osberts from whom it came to the knightly and famous family of the Jerneganes A little higher where the Yare and Waveney joyn there flourish'd Cnobersburg i.e. as Bede interprets it the City of Cnoberus Cnoberi Urbs. we call it at this day Burghcastell Which as Bede has it by the vicinity of woods and sea was a very pleasant Castle wherein a Monastery was built by Fursaeus the Scot. By his perswasions Sigebert was induc'd to quit the Throne and betake himself to a Monastick life but afterwards being drawn against his will out of this Monastery to encourage his own men in a battel against the Mercians he was cut off ‖ Una cum suis with all his company Now there is nothing in the place but broken walls almost square built of flints and British brick It is quite overgrown with briars and thorns amongst which they now and then dig up Roman coins so that it seems to have been one of those Forts which the Romans built upon the river Garienis against the Saxon-Piracies or rather indeed the very Garianonum where the Stablesian horse had their station l Suffolk has had Earls and Dukes Dukes and Earls of Suffolk of several Families There are some modern Authors who tell us that the Glanvils were formerly honour'd with that title but since they build upon no sure authority and the mistake is obvious nor does any thing of it appear
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
shillings 4 Prebendaries 6 Sextaries of honey and ‖ Ursum sex canes ad ursum a bear with 6 dogs to bait him Now it pays 70 pound by weight to the King a hundred shillings * De Gersuma as a fine to the Queen with an ambling Palfrey 20 pound †Blancas blank also to the Earl and 20 shillings fine by tale In the reign of William 1. this was the seat of a Civil war which Ralph Earl of the East-Angles rais'd against that King For after he had escap'd by flight his wife along with the Armorican Britains endur'd a close siege till for want of provisions she was forc'd to get off and quit her Country And at that time the City was so impair'd that as appears by the same Domesday there were scarce 560 Burgesses left in it Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury mentions this surrender in a Letter to King William in these words Your kingdom is purg'd from the infection of the Britains or Armoricans the Castle of Norwich is surrender'd and the Britains that were in it and had lands here in England upon granting them life and limb have took an oath to depart your Dominions within forty days and never to return more without your special licence From that time forward it began by little and little to recover it self out of this deluge of miseries and Bishop Herbert whose reputation had suffer'd much by Simoniacal practices translated the Episcopal See from Thetford hither He built a very beautiful Cathedral on the east and lower part of the City in a place till then call'd Cow-holme near the Castle the first stone whereof in the reign of William Rufus and year of our Lord 1096. he himself laid with this Inscription DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT PRIMUM LAPIDEM IN NOMINE PATRIS FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI AMEN That is Lord Bishop Herbert laid the first stone in the name of the Father the Son and Holy Ghost Amen Afterwards he procur'd a Licence from Pope Paschal to confirm and establish it the mother-Church of Norfolk and Suffolk and endow'd it liberally with lands sufficient for the maintenance of 60 Monks who had their neat and curious Cloysters But these were remov'd and a Dean six Prebendaries with others put in their places After the Church thus built and an Episcopal See plac'd here it became a Town as Malmsbury has it famous for Merchandise and number of Inhabitants And in the 17th of King Stephen as we read in some ancient Records Norwich was built anew was a populous town and made a Corporation That King Stephen also granted it to his Son William for an Appennage as they call it or inheritance is very evident from the publick Records But Henry the second took it from him and held it himself notwithstanding Henry his Son the Junior-King as they call'd him when he endeavour'd after the Crown had promis'd it in large terms to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk whom he had drawn over to his party Bigod however adhering to the young King who could not over-rule his eager hopes of the Crown with Justice and Equity miserably harrass'd this City and is thought to have rebuilt that Castle on the high hill near the Cathedral within the City encompast with a trench of such vast depth that in those times it was lookt upon as impregnable But Lewis of France under whom the rebellious Barons had joyn'd against King John easily took it by siege The reason why I fancy Bigod repair'd the Castle is because I observ'd Lions saliant cut in a stone in the same manner as the Bigods formerly us'd them in their seals of whom tho' there was one that made use of a Cross And this was the condition of Norwich in its infancy But in the next age it increas'd mightily and abounded with wealthy Citizens who by a humble petition in Parliament desir'd liberty of Edward the first to wall their City round and afterwards accordingly did it to the great strength and ornament of it †They obtain'd of King Richard the second that the Worsted made there might be transported In the year 1403. they obtain'd leave of Henry the fourth instead of Bailiffs which they had before to elect a Mayor yearly and in the very heart of the City near the market-place built a most beautiful Town-house which on the set days are furnisht with all manner of provisions 'T is partly indebted to the Netherlands who after they could no longer endure the tyranny of the Duke of ‖ Albani Alva nor the bloody Inquisition setting up flockt hither in great numbers and first brought in the manufacture of * Of Saies Baies and other Stuffs now much in use light worsted stuffs ‖ Levidenâ—ium quorundam pannorum But why am I so long upon these matters when they are all with the History of the Bishops the succession of their Magistrates and the fury of that villanous rebel Kett against this City very elegantly describ'd by Alexander Nevil a person eminent both for birth and learning I will only add that in the year 1583. the Citizens by the help of * Instrumento Hydragogico an artificial Instrument convey'd water through pipes into the highest part of the City And here I could summon both Polydore Virgil the Italian and Angelus Capellus the Frenchman to answer before the Tribunal of venerable Antiquity how they come to affirm that our old Ordovices who liv'd almost under another Hemisphere inhabited this Norwich I could bring the same Action against our Country-man Caius but that I am satisfy'd 't was nothing but a natural love of his native Country that blinded the learned old man And I have nothing more to add about Norwich unless you have a mind to run over these verses made upon it by John Johnston a Scotchman Urbs speciosa situ nitidis pulcherrima tectis Grata peregrinis delitiosa suis Bellorum sedes trepido turbante tumultu Tristia Neustriaco sub duce damna tulit Victis dissidiis postquam caput ardua coelo Extulit immensis crevit opima opibus Cultus vincit opes cultum gratia rerum Quam benè si luxus non comitetur opes Omnia sic adeò sola haec sibi sufficit ut si Fo rs regno desit haec caput esse queat A town whose stately piles and happy seat Her Citizens and Strangers both delight Whose tedious siege and plunder made her bear In Norman troubles an unhappy share And feel the sad effects of dreadful war These storms o'reblown now blest with constant peace She saw her riches and her trade increase State here by wealth by beauty wealth 's out-done How blest if vain excess be yet unknown So fully is she from her self supply'd That England while she stands can never want an head From Norwich the river Yare with the increase of other waters that take the same name rowls on in a winding chanel and abounds with the fish call'd a
Lancaster Earl of Hereford to the King for blabbing some scandalous and malicious words against his Majesty And when they were to try it by duel a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd sentence against them at the very Lists that both should be banish'd Lancaster for 10 years but Mowbray for life who dy'd at Venice leaving two sons behind him in England Whereof Thomas Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham for he had no other titles upon raising a conspiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lancaster who had possest himself of the Crown under the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir John by the favour of Hen. 5. was restor'd and being for some years after stil'd only Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his father Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. and heir to Thomas his brother declar'd Duke of Norfolk by authority of Parliament He was succeeded by his son John who dy'd in the first year of Edw. 4. and he also by his son of that name who in the life-time of his father was by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren Parl. 17. Edw. 4. Whose only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of York K. Ed. the 4.'s young son and with her had a grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk Earl Marshal Warren and Nottingham But both he and his wife being made away very young Rich. 3. K. of England conferr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk and the authority of Earl Marshal upon 24 John Lord Howard John Howard who was found Kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchess of York and Norfolk above-mention'd For his mother was one of the daughters of that first Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and K. Edw. 4. had advanc'd him to the dignity of a Baron This John was kill'd in the battel of Bosworth fighting valiantly for Richard against Hen. 7. His son Thomas who by creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey 25 And by King Hen. 7. made Lord Treasurer was by K. Hen. 8. restor'd to his father's title of Norfolk 26 And his son the same day created Earl of Surrey after he had routed the Scotch-army 27 At Branxton at Floddon wherein James 1. K. of Scots was slain In memory of which victory it was granted to the family of the Howards that in the middle of the White Bend in their Arms there should be added In an Escocheon Or An honorary Escocheon in the Arms of the Howards a demy Lion shot through the mouth with an arrow within a double tressure adorn'd with Lilies on both sides Gules which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of Scotland He was succeeded by his son Thomas 28 As well in his Honours as in the Office of Lord Treasurer of England and liv'd in the time of Queen Mary whom our own Age saw toss'd about with the ebbs and flows of Fortune His grandchild Thomas by his son Henry which Henry was the first of our English Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the ornaments of Learning being attainted of High-Treason for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen of Scots and in the year 1572. beheaded See in the Adages of Hadr. Juu. Achilleum votum was the last D. of Norfolk From which time his posterity has as it were lay dead but now by the favour and bounty of K. James begins to revive and flourish again There are in this County about 660 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to NORFOLK THE County of Norfolk is so call'd from its Northern situation with respect to the rest of the East-Angles whereof it was a part Our Author recommends it for its being very populous having as he observes 27 markets and 625 villages But if we may trust the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King the esteem it hath upon that account may be rais'd much higher for there we find 32 markets and 711 villages whether Mr. Camden was mistaken in the number or this increase have been since his time I dare not say What he has observ'd of its being a Nursery of Lawyers as it is confirm'd by many instances so particularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman from whom Spede confesses he receiv'd his description of Norfolk After that he drew up an entire description of this his native County and upon his authority principally depends the greatest part of the following remarks a To begin with our Author Thetford Thetford is no doubt the ancient Sitomagus but whether that be corruptly written Simomagus and Sinomagus is not so certain as to bear a positive assertion It is worth the while to consider whether there is not something in these names which should imply its being the Capital city of the Iceni If we take Simomagus Ptolemy's Simeni for so he names the people of those parts does something favour it and Sinomagus comes nearer the name Iceni especially if we may suppose the I cast away as in Hispani Spani Besides Caesar's calling this people Cenimagni which Camden finding them distinctly read Ceni Agni is of opinion should be read Iceni Regni farther confirms this conjecture b As to the relation which Mr. Camden discovers between the initial of the old and present names Sit and Thet and from thence concludes that the modern name is compounded of the remains of the Roman and the Saxon ford there is no grounds for it For the old Saxon name was Ãeod-ford not as Mr. Camden writes it Ãeotford the similitude of t and d probably creating a mistake in some old Copies which plainly signifies a ford of the people This town was famous for being a seat of the Kings of the East-Angles but whether that fortification with a double trench was the work of the Saxons our Author leaves to the judgment of others That incomparable Antiquary Spelman thinks it was done by the Danes who made so considerable a figure in those parts because the camps of both Romans and Saxons are generally observ'd to be much larger An anonymous Author quoted by * Antiq. Cant. p. 148. Caius tells us there was formerly a Great-School or Nursery of Learning in this place It may possibly be the same which †Hist Eccl. l. 3. c. 18. Bede hints to when he informs us how Sigebert after he was return'd home and settl'd in his kingdom built a school for the education of youth in imitation of what he had observ'd of that nature in France Whether this passage belongs to Thetford or Cambridge for the latter lays claim to it to advance its Antiquity is a point too large to be discuss'd here Notwithstanding the eminency of the place which besides the seat of the East-Saxon Kings the Bishops-See and 8 Monasteries have entail'd upon it a thing perhaps that few cities can boast of yet in 9 Edw 1. it was neither city
our Children let us briefly out of the Cambridge History make mention of themselves and their Colleges Colleges consecrated to good literature and their own lasting fame The story goes that Cantaber a Spaniard 375 years before Christ first founded this University and that Sebert K. of the East-Angles restor'd it in the year of our Lord 630. Afterwards it was a long time neglected and lay bury'd in the Danish troubles till all things reviv'd under the Norman Government Soon after d See a List of them in Fuller's Antiquities of this University p. 26. Inns Hostels and Halls were built for Students John Caiâ—â— tho' still without any Endowments But Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely founded the first College call'd Peter-house in the year 1284. and endow'd it b Whose example was imitated by these following persons Richard Badew with the help of the Lady Elizabeth Clare Countess of Ulster founded Clare-hall in the year 1340 c The Lady Mary St. Paul Countess of Pembroke Pembroke-hall in the year 1347 d the Society of Friers in Corpus-Christi Corpus-Christi call'd also St. Benet's-College in the year 1346 e William Bateman Bishop of Norwich Trinity-hall about the year 1353 f Edmund Gonevil in the year 1348 and John Caius Dr. of Physick in our time Gonevil and Caius-College g Henry the seventh King of England King's College with a Chapel deservedly reckon'd one of the finest buildings in the world in the year 1441 h the Lady Margaret of Anjou his wife Queen's College in the year 1448 i Robert Woodlark Katherine-hall in the year 1459 k John Alcocke Bishop of Ely Jesus-College in the year 1497 l The Lady Margaret 1 Above Caxton before-mention'd is Eltesley where was in elder Ages a Religious House of holy Virgins among whom was celebrated the incertain memory of Saint Pandionia the daughter of a Scottish King as the tradition is â—ut long since they were translatâ—d to Hinchinbroke And again above Eltesley was the Priory of Swasey founded for black â—ents by Alan la Zouch brother to the Vicâ—unt of Rohan in the Lesser Britain and was the common sepulture a long time for the family of Zâ—uch Countess of Richmond and mother to Henry the seventh Christ-College m and St. John's about the year 1506 now fairly enlarg'd with new buildings n Thomas Awdley Lord Chancellor of England Magdalen-College in the year 1542 since enlarg'd and endow'd by Sir Christopher Wrey Lord Chief Justice of England o the high and mighty Prince Henry the eighth Trinity-College in the year 1546 out of three others St. Michael's College built by Hervie of Stanton in Edward the second 's days King's-hall founded by Edward the third and Fishwick's-Hostel That the Students might have a more delightful habitation this College is now repair'd or rather new-built with that splendour and magnificence by the great care of T. Nevill its worthy Master and Dean of Canterbury that it is now for spaciousness for uniformity and beauty in the buildings scarce inferiour to any in Christendom and he himself may be counted truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the judgment even of the greatest Philosopher for neglecting private Interests and laying out such large sums on the publick p I cannot but congratulate our present age and our selves too in respect of ingenuous Learning and in that worthy and prudent man Sir Walter Mildmay one of the Queen 's honourable Privy-Council who has founded a new College dedicated to Emanuel q and in the Lady Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex r who by her last Will gave a Legacy of five thousand pound to the founding of a College to be call'd Sidney-Sussex which is now quite finish'd s I shall say nothing of the Monasteries and Religious Houses since they were but of small note except it be Barnwell-Abby Barnwell which Sir Payne Peverell a famous Soldier and Standard bearer to Robert Duke of Normandy in the holy-war in Henry the first 's reign remov'd from St. Giles's Church the place of Picot the Sheriff's Institution of Secular Priests to this place and brought in 30 Monks according to the years of his age at that time If you please you may find the reason of its name in the private History of this place Paâ—well Hâ—â—â—ry Payne Peverell obtain'd a grant of Henry 1. for a spot of ground without the Burrough of Cambridge in the midst of it were extraordinary clear fountains or wells in English call'd Barnwell that is the Wells of Children or Barns as they were then call'd for young men and boys met once a year upon St. John's Eve for wrestling and the like youthful exercises according to the customs of the land and also to make merry together with singing and other musick Now by this means the concourse of boys and girls that met here for sport it grew a custom for a great many buyers and sellers to repair hither at the same time e Now it is commonly call'd Midsummer-Fair Tho' Cambridge was consecrated to the Muses yet it has not always escap'd the furies of Mars for when the Danes ravag'd up and down they often took Winter-quarters here and in the year 1010 when Sueno the Dane had with a desperate rage born down all before him neither it 's Fame nor the Muses could protect it tho' we read that Athens met with a better fate from Sylla but it was all barbarously laid in Ashes However at the first coming in of the Normans it was reasonably well peopl'd for we find in William the Conquerour's Domesday-book that the Burough of Grentbridge is divided into ten Wards and contains 387 dwelling-houses but 18 of 'em were pull'd down to build the Castle t when William 1. determin'd to erect Castles in all parts to be a curb to his new-conquer'd English u It likewise suffer'd very much afterwards in the Barons wars by those Out-laws from the Isle of Ely therefore Henry 3. to put a stop to their incursions order'd a deep ditch to be thrown up on the East-side of the town which still goes by the name of f Now there are but very little remains of this Ditch houses being built on both sides of it and the name it self seems clean forgotten among the Inhabitants King's-ditch Here possibly some may secretly expect to hear my opinion concerning the antiquity of this University but I 'll not meddle in the case nor am I willing to make any comparisons between our two flourishing Universities which have none to rival them that I know of I 'm afraid those have built castles in the air that have made Cantaber the founder of this University immediately after the building of Rome and long before Christ's time straining the antiquity beyond all probability This is undeniable let its original be when it will that it began at last to be a Nursery for Learning about the reign of Henry 1. which appears by an old Appendix of Peter Blesensis to Ingulph Joffred made Abbot
of Crowland 1109. Abbot Joffred sent over to his manour of Cotenham nigh Cambridge Gislebert his fellow-Monk and Divinity-Professor with three other Monks who follow'd him into England well furnish'd with Philosophical Theorems and other primitive Sciences and daily repair'd to Cambridge there they hir'd a publick barn made open profession of their Sciences and in a little time drew a great number of scholars together In less than two years time their number increas'd so much from the country as well as town that there was never a House Barn or Church big enough to hold them all Upon which they dispers'd themselves in several parts of the town imitating the University of Orleans For soon in the morning Frier Odo an excellent Grammarian and Satyrick-Poet read Grammar to the boys and younger sort according to the Doctrine of Priscian and Remigius upon him At one of clock Terricus a subtile Sophister read Aristotle 's Logick to the elder sort according to Porphyry's and Averroe 's Introductions and Comments At three of clock Frier William read Lectures in Tully's Rhetorick and Quintilian's Flores and Gislebert the principal Master preach'd to the people upon all Sundays and Holy-days Thus from this small fountain we see large flowing streams making glad the City of God and enriching the whole kingdom by many Masters and Teachers coming out of Cambridge as from the holy Paradice c. Concerning the time when it was first made an University Robert of Remington shall speak for me †The learned Selden MSS. Notes has observ'd that in Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 25. it is call'd Universitas Scolarium In the reign of Edward 1. Grantbridge from a School was made an University like Oxford by the Court of Rome But why do I so inconsiderately run into the lists where two such learned old men have formerly encounter'd to whom I freely deliver up my arms and pay all the respect and honour I am able to such venerable persons Cambridge Meridian is 23 degr and 25 min. from the west g According to later computation about 52 degr and about 17 minutes and the Arch of the same Meridian between the Equator and Vertical point is 52 degr and 11 min. w 2 Cam from Cambridge continuing his course by Waterbeach an ancient seat of Nuns which Lady Mary S. Paul translated from thence to Denny somewhat higher but nothing healthfuller when in a low ground he hath spread a Mere associateth himself with the river Ouse Hard by Cambridge to the South-East are certain high hills by the Students call'd Gogmagog-hills Gogmagog Hills by Henry of Huntingdon the most pleasant hills of Balsham from a village at the foot of them where as he says the Danes committed all the Barbarities imaginable On the top of all I saw there a fort A Fort. of considerable bigness strengthned with a threefold trench and impregnable in those days according to the opinion of several judicious warriors were it not for its want of water and some believe it was a Summer retreat either of the Romans or the Danes This seems to be the place that Gervase of Tilbury calls Vandelbiria Below Cambridge says he Wandlesbury there was a place call'd Vandelbiria because the Vandals when they ruin'd some parts of Britain and cruelly destroy'd the Christians did there encamp themselves pitching their tents upon the top of a little hill where lyes a plain surrounded with trenches with only one entrance and that like a gate As for his Martial Ghosts walking here which he mentions I shall say nothing of them because it looks like a foolish idle story of the fantastick Mob It 's none of our business as one says to tickle mens ears with plausible stories x In a valley nigh these hills lyes Salston Salston which fell to Sir John Nevill Marquess of Mont-acute from the Burghs of Burgh-green by Walter de la Pole and the Ingalthorps and by his daughter the sole heiress to the Huddlestons who liv'd here in great credit More Eastward we meet with Hildersham belonging formerly to the Bustlers but now by marriage to the Parises and next to the Woods stands Horsheath Horsheath which is known for many Descents to belong to the ancient and noble families of the Argentons and Arlingtons which I g See in Suffolk under the title Halesworth and in Hertford shire under the title Wimondley mention'd in another place and is now the seat of the latter Next this lies Castle-camps Castle-camps the ancient seat of the Veres Earls of Oxford held by Hugh Vere says the old Inquisition records that he might be Chamberlain to the King However 't is most certain that Hen. 1. granted this Office to Aubry de Vere Cameraria Angliae Lord gâ—eat Chamberlain in these words Chief Chamberlain of England in fee and hereditarily with all the powers privileges and honours belonging thereto with as much freedom and worship as ever Robert Mallet held it c. However the Kings at their own pleasure have appointed sometimes one and sometimes another to execute this Office 3 The Earls of Oxford also that I may note it incidently by the heir of R Sandford held the manours of Fingrey and Wâ—lfelmeston by Serjeanty of Chambâ—rlainship to the Queens at the Coronation of their Kings Not far off there are the remains of those great and large Ditches which were undoubtedly thrown up by the East-Angles to prevent the incursions of the Mercians who frequently ruin'd all before them Flems-dyke and others The first begins at Hingeston and runs eastward by Hildersham towards Horsheath for 5 miles together The second next to it call'd Brent-Ditch runs from Melborne by Fulmer But 't is now time to return and leave these and the like frontier-fences to be spoke of in their proper places Sturbridge-Fair Nigh Cambridge to the east by a small brook call'd Sture yearly in September there is the most famous Fair kept in all the Kingdom both for resort of people and quantity of goods Just by it where the ways were exceeding troublesome and almost impassable that worthy right-honest Gentleman h i.e. Gabriel Hâ—rvy but the Causey was made by Henry Hâ—rvy Doctor of Law who was Master of Trinity-hall which Gabriel never was See Wood's Fasti of the 1. vol. of Athenae Oxen. under the year 1585. G. Hervy Doctor of Laws and Master of Trinity-Hall in Cambridge with vast charge out of a pious and laudable design has lately made a very fair rais'd Causey for about 3 miles long leading to New-market At the end of this Causey there is a third Ditch Ditches thrown up in old time beginning at the east side of the Cam which runs by Fenn-Ditton or rather Ditchton from the foremention'd Ditch between great Wilberham and Fulburn as far as Balsham At present it is commonly call'd Seven-mile-Dyke because it lies seven miles from New-market formerly call'd Fleam-Dyke Fleam-ditch as much
be made toll-free in all places saith Ely book freed it from that burthen of watching and warding the duty it ow'd to Norwich-Castle He made the way from Exning to Ely above six miles through the fens 5 He began the fair Palace at Ely for his successors and purchas'd many a fair estate for the Church s use His successors by lessening the number of Monks for from 70 they brought 'em to 40 and by the plenty of all things overflow'd with wealth and riches even till our fathers days and their Holydays and Festivals were always celebrated with such great provisions and pomp that they won the prize in that point from all the Monasteries in England Whence a Poet in those times not improperly says Praevisis aliis Eliensia festa videre Est quasi praevisa nocte videre diem After all others see but Ely's feast You 'll see glad day when tedious night is past The Cathedral also which began to totter with age they built by degrees and brought it to that magnificence it now has 't is a spacious stately and beautiful structure but somewhat defac'd by shamefully breaking down the Noblemens and Bishops tombs Now instead of the full Convent of Monks there is a Dean Prebendaries and a Free-school for the teaching and maintaining 24 boys m In Ely the Bishop has a stately Palace built of late years there are four things about this Church much talk'd of by the common people the Lantern on the top of all just over the Quire supported by eight pillars with singular art hung by John de Hothum the Bishop St. Mary's Chapel standing under the Church to the North a delicate piece of work built by Simon Montacute Bishop a great round heap of earth and very high call'd The Mount on the South-side where a Wind-mill stands lastly a famous fruitful Vine which is now wither'd Which four were joyn'd together in these Rhimes by a certain Monk of the place Haec sunt Eliae Lanterna Capella Mariae Atque Molendinum necnon dans vinea Vinum Saint Mary's Chapel you at Ely see The lofty Lantern rival of the sky The Mill and Vine that bread and drink supply As for Ely it self it is a pretty large city but not much remarkable either for beauty or populousness by reason of its fenny situation and unwholesom air 6 Although it be seated somewhat higher Near to it is Downham where the Bishop hath his residing house with a Park Near to Downham is Cowney the ancientest seat of the family sirnam'd for their habitation here Lisle and De Insula and first planted here by Nigellus the second Bishop of Ely their allie in the time of King Henry 1. as is set down in a Leiger-book of Ely Chateries or Cheaterich is not far hence westward where Alwena a devout woman founded a Nunnery upon a copped ground encompass'd with fens while her husband founded Ramsey z Amidst the same fens to the North-west was a famous Abby from its standing among thorns and bushes call'd Thorney Thorney formerly Ankerige from the Anchorites dwelling there where Sexuulph a very religious devout man as it is in Peterborough-book founded a Monastery with Hermits Cells It was afterwards ruin'd by the Danes but Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester to encourage the Monastick way of living rebuilt it stor'd it with Monks and encompass'd it with trees This place says Malmsbury is the very picture of Paradise for pleasantness resembling Heaven it self amidst the very marshes fruitful in trees whose straight tapering tallness emulates the stars a plain smooth as water charms your eyes with pleasing green where 's no rub to stop the swiftest pace There 's not an inch of ground uncultivated here a place swelling with apple-trees there a field overspread with vines either creeping upon the ground or climbing up poles to support them A mutual strife there is between nature and husbandry that one may always supply what the other forgets What shall I say of the beauty of the buildings to be admir'd if it were only for the fenns making such solid and unshaken foundations It is a wonderful solitary and retir'd place fit indeed for Monks it makes them more mindful of heavenly things and more mortify'd to things below 'T is a prodigy to see a woman here and when but a man comes he 's welcom'd like an Angel So that I may truly call this Isle a Lodge for Chastity an Harbour for Honesty and a School for Divine Philosophy Wisbich Wisbich the Bishop of Ely's castle stands about 13 miles off situated among fens and rivers and lately made a prison for the Romish Priests I have nothing more to say of it but only that this Town and Walepole Walepole were both given to Ely-Monastery by the owner of them at the same time that he dedicated his little son Alwin to a monkish life that William the first erected a castle here when the out-laws made their incursions from these fenny parts and that in the year 1236 the tempestuous waves for two days so violently broke in upon this shore that it drown'd both land and people all about But the Brick-castle that is still there was built by John Morton Bishop of Ely in our grandfathers days who also drew a straight ditch through this fenny Country call'd Newleame Newleame for the better convenience of water-carriage and for encreasing the trade and wealth of this his town tho' indeed it hapn'd to the contrary for it is but of small use and the neighbours mightily complain that this has quite stop'd the course of the Avon or Nen into the Sea by Clowcross Clowcrâ—ss The first Earl of Cambridge Earls of Cambridge was William brother of Ranulph Earl of Chester as may be seen by a Patent of Alexander Bishop of Lincoln dated 1139. After him 't is probable that those Earls of Huntingdon that were of the royal blood of Scotland were likewise Earls of Cambridge for it appears from the publick records of the kingdom That David Earl of Huntingdon receiv'd the third penny of the County of Cambridge A long time after John of Hainault brother to William third Earl of Holland and Hainault was advanc'd to this dignity by Edward 3. for the sake of Queen Philippa whose Kinsman he was For her sake also he honour'd William Marquiss of Juliers her sister's son with the same title after John had revolted and gone over to the French After the decease of these Forreigners King Edward 3. settled this Honour upon his fifth son Edmund of Langley which after he had held four years I have my authority from an old manuscript belonging to that admirable Antiquary Francis Thinn The Earl of Hainault Queen Philippa's Cousin came and openly claim'd it in Parliament but he return'd satisfy'd at last This Edmund of Langley afterwards Duke of York had two Sons Edward Duke of York for a while Earl of Cambridge and slain in the battel of Agincourt and
Richard created Earl of Cambridge by the meer favour of Henry 5. and consent of his own brother Edward But after this perfidious and ambitious man ungratefully conspir'd against the life of that best of Princes and so lost his head the title of Earl of Cambridge was either lost with him or lodg'd among the titles of his son Richard afterwards Duke of York and restor'd to all his dignities as being Kinsman and Heir to his Uncle Edward Duke of York This Shire contains 163 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAMBRIDGESHIRE Improvements of the County a THE County of Cambridge in Saxon Grantabrycgscyr not as our Author Grentbriggscyre and by later writers according to the several ages wherein they liv'd call'd Cantebrigesire Grantebridgescire Cantebriggeschire has of late years had two very considerable improvements of its soil and air the first by planting great quantities of Saintfoine which is brought from foreign parts and thrives only in very dry and barren ground the second by draining the fens in the Isle of Ely a work that was carry'd on at vast expence but has at last turn'd to a double account both in gaining much ground and mending the rest and also in refining and clearing the air and in a great measure taking away that * Under the title Cambridge Caeli gravitas è palustri situ mention'd by our Author Our Author in describing the chief place in it Cambridge Cambridgâ— has hardly allow'd it so much compass as the dignity of so famous an University and Nursery of Learning requires So that 't is no more than justice to be a little more particular upon their several Foundations and the improvements that have been made upon them since his time both in buildings and otherwise b Peter-house Peter-hâ—usâ— seems to have been built some time before 1284. to which year our Author refers it For †History of this Unâ—versity p. 1 Fuller upon whose authority these accounts principally depends tells us that Hugh Balsham when he was only Prior of Ely began the foundation of this house about the year 1257. without Trumpington-gate near the Church of St. Peter from which it seems to have taken the name But all the advantage the Scholars had at first was only the convenience of Chambers which exempted them from those high rents the Townsmen had us'd to exact of them What our Author I suppose refers to is the endowment which was settl'd by the same Hugh when Bishop in 1284. for a Master fourteen Fellows c. which number might be increas'd or diminisht according to the improvement or abatement of their revenues c So likewise the first date of Clare-hall Claâ—e hall tho' not the name is to be carry'd higher than 1340. For this Richard Badew built before that a house call'd University-hall wherein the Scholars liv'd upon their own expence for 16 years together till it was burnt down by a casual fire The founder finding himself unequal to the charge of rebuilding it had the assistance of Elizabeth third sister and coheir of Gilbert Earl of Clare by whose liberality it was built up again and endow'd It is at present one of the neatest and most uniform Houses in the University having been lately new built all of Free-stone d Pembroke-hall Pembroke-hâ—â—â— was founded by Mary de S. Paul third wife to Audomare de Valentia Earl of Pembroke For her husband being unhappily slain at a Tilting on the wedding-day she entirely sequester'd her self from all worldly delights and devoting her self to God amongst other pious acts built this College which was afterwards much augmented by the benefactions of others e Bennet-College Bâ—â—â—et-Câ—â—â—â—ge arose out of two Guilds or Fraternities one of Corpus-Christi and the other of the blessed Virgin These two after long emulation being united into one Body by a joint interest built this College which has its name from the adjoyning Church of St. Benedict Their greatest modern Benefactor was Matthew Parker once Master of the College and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury who by his prudent management recover'd several Rights of the College and besides two Fellowships and five Scholarships gave a great number of excellent Manuscripts to their Library f Trinity-hall Triâ— ty-hâ—â—â— was built upon a place that once belong'd to the Monks of Ely and was a house for Students before the time of Bishop Bateman who by exchange for the Advowsances of certain Rectories got it into his own possession He was a great Master of Civil and Canon Law and so the Master two Fellows and three Scholars the number he appointed at the first Foundation were oblig'd to follow those two Studies It has been since very much augmented by Benefactions and the number of its members is proportionably encreas'd g Caius-College Caiâ—s was at first call'd Gonvil-hall and was built upon the place where now are the Orchard and Tennis-Court of Bennet-College Fâ—â—er's Hâ—â—t of Cambr. p. 5â— But within five years it was remov'd into the place where it stands at present by Bishop Bateman Some time after John Caius Doctor of Physick improv'd this Hall into a new College since call'd after his own name h King's-College King 's was at first but small built by Henry the sixth for a Rector and twelve Scholars There was near it a little Hostle for Grammarians built by William Bingham which was granted by the Founder to the said King Henry for the enlargement of his College Whereupon he united these two and having enlarg'd them by addition of the Church of St. John Zachary founded a fair College for a Provost seventy Fellows and Scholars three Chaplains c. i Queen's-College Queen's was begun by Queen Margaret but the troublesome times coming upon her would not give her leave to compleat her intended fabrick The first Master of it Andrew Ducket by his industry and application procur'd great sums of money from well-dispos'd persons towards the finishing of this work and so far prevail'd upon Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth that she perfected what her profess'd Enemy had begun k Catharine-hall Catharine-hall was built by Richard Woodlark third Provost of King's College over against the Carmelites house for one Master and three Fellows and the number encreas'd with the Revenues About one half of it is lately new-built and when 't is finisht it will give place to none in point of beauty and regularity l Jesus-College Jesus was made out of an old Nunnery dedicated to St. Radegund the Nuns whereof were so notorious for their incontinence and so generally complain'd of that King Henry 7. and Pope Julius the second bestow'd it upon John Alcock Bishop of Ely to convert it into a College who establish'd in it a Master six Fellows and six Scholars But their numbers by the great benefactions they have had are very much encreas'd m Christ's-College Christ's was built upon the place where God's-house formerly stood and was endow'd
Yardley Hastings Yardley so sirnam'd of the Hastings once Earls of Pembroke to whom it belong'd 3 And to turn a little aside I may not omit Horton when as King Henry 8. created Sir W. Par Lord thereof Uncle and Chamberlain to Queen Catharine Par Baron Par of Horton which honour shortly vanish'd with him when he left only daughters who were married into the families of Tresham and Lane But to return to Willingborow a market anciently Wedlingborough 4 And Wodlingborough made a Market by King John at the suit of the Monks of Crowland Here a rivulet from the east runs into it coming down by Rushton and Newton belonging to the Treshams by Geddington where there was a Castle of the Kings and where there yet remains a Cross erected in honour of Queen Eleanor King Edward 1.'s Consort by Boughton belonging to the family of Montacutes Knights e Lib. in 〈◊〉 in scaâ—cario by Kettering Kettering a well-traded market-town near which stands Rouwell a noted Horse-fair f by Burton the Barony likewise if I mistake not the name of Alan de Dinant for King Henry 1. gave him a Barony of that name in this County for killing the French King's Champion in single Combat at Gizors and by Harrouden the Lord whereof * Sir N. Nicholas Vaulx Baron Vaulx Governour of Guines in Picardy K. Hen. 8. created Baron Vaulx of Harrouden Hence the Nen keeps his course to Higham a town 5 In times past of the Peverells and after by them of the Ferrers formerly belonging to the Ferrers from whom it took the name of Higham-Ferrers Higham Ferrers who had here also their Castle the ruins whereof are yet to be seen near the Church But the chief ornament of this place was Henry Chicheley Archb. of Canterbury who founded here a fine College for Secular Clerks and Prebendaries Founder of All-souls in Oxford Matth. Parker as likewise an Hospital for the Poor Thence it runs by Addington anciently belonging to the Veres and washes Thorpston commonly call'd Thrapston †Belonging likewise to them and it 's opposite Drayton the seat in the last age of H. Green but afterwards by his daughter of John and Edward Stafford Earls of Wiltshire Now 't is the Lord Mordaunt's to whom it descended hereditarily from the Greens Gentlemen of great reputation in this County Thence it runs almost round about a pretty little town which takes it's name from it Oundale Oundale they call it corruptly for Avondale where there is nothing worth seeing but a fine neat Church a Free-school for the education of youth and an Alms-house founded by Sir William Laxton sometime Lord Mayor of London In the neighbourhood stands Barnwell Barnwell a little Castle lately repair'd and beautified with new buildings by the worthy Sir Edward Mont-acute Knight of the ancient family of the Mont-acutes as appears by his Coat of Arms. It formerly belong'd to Berengarius le Moigne that is Monk and not as some think to that Berengarius of Tours whose opinion concerning the Eucharist was condemn'd in a Synod ‖ Of 113 Bishops held by the Bishop of Rome After this it salutes Fotheringhay-Castle Fotheringhay environ'd on every side with very pleasant Meadows which in Henry 3.'s time when the Strong-holds encourag'd the Nobility to revolt was surpris'd by William Earl of Albemarle who laid all the Country round about waste as Matth. Paris informs us At which time it seems to have belong'd to the Earls of Huntingdon 6 Who were of the Royal race of Scotland A good while after K. Edw. 3. assign'd it †Quast in hâ—eredicatem as it were for an inheritance or Appennage as they call it to his son Edmund of Langley Duke of York who rebuilt the Castle and made the highest Fortification or Keep thereof in form of a Horse-Fetter 7 Which hath of it self and with a Falcon in it was his Devise or Exprese as implying that he was locked up from all great hope as a younger brother which was the family of York's Device His son Edward Duke of York in the second year of Hen. 5. An. 1415. as appears by an Inscription there in barbarous verse founded a very fine Collegiate Church wherein himself after he was slain at the Battel of Agincourt as also Richard Duke of York his Brother's son who lost his life at Wakefield and his Wife Cicely Nevil had all magnificent monuments which were thrown down and ruin'd together with the upper part or Chancel of the Church 8 In King Edward the sixth's time But Queen Elizabeth commanded two monuments to be set up in memory of them in the lower end of the Church now standing which nevertheless such was their pinching and sparing who had the charge of the work are look'd upon as very mean and unworthy such great Princes descended from Kings and from whom the kings of England are descended 9 The form of the Keep beforesaid built like a Fetterlock occasioneth me to digress a little and I hope with your pardon when the gravest Authors in as small matters have done the like Edmund of Langly Duke of York who built that Keep and garnish'd the Glass-windows there with Fetter-locks when he saw his sons being young scholars gazing upon the painted windows ask'd them what was Latin for a Fetter-lock They studying and looking silently one upon another not able to answer If you cannot tell me says he I will tell you Hic haâ—c hoc Taceatis that is Hic haec hoc be silent and quiet and therewithal added God knoweth what may happen hereafter This King Edward the fourth his great grand-child reported publickly when he having attained the Crown created Richard his younger son Duke of York and then commanding that he should use for his badge the Fetter-lock open to verifie the presage of his great grand-father But this by the way The said Cicely Cicely Dutchess of York saw plainly within the compass of a few years what pastime †Impotens unruly and unconstant Fortune if I may so say creates her self out of the miseries of the mighty For she saw her husband Duke Richard even then when he thought himself sure of the kingdom and her son the Earl of Rutland slain together in a bloody battel and some few years after her eldest son Edward the fourth advanc'd to the * Deprived of the same recovering it again Crown and taken away by an untimely death having before made away †Her second son and c. his brother George Duke of Clarence After this she saw her son Richard K Rich. 3. forcing his way to the Crown by the lamentable murder of his Nephews and slander of her his own Mother for he charg'd her openly with incontinency then she saw him possess'd of the kingdom and soon after slain in battel These her miseries were so link'd together too that
notice of a memorable Epitaph in the Church of S. Martin's there over Mr. John Heyrick who dy'd the 2d of April 1589. aged 76. He liv'd in one house with Mary his wife full 52 years and in all that time never bury'd man woman nor child tho' sometimes twenty in family The said Mary liv'd to 97 years and saw before her death Dec. 8. 1611. of her children and childrens children and their children to the number of 143. In this place there is a Hospital built by Henry Earl of Lancaster 5 Edw. 3. with a Chapel wherein Divine Service is daily perform'd It still in some measure subsists by certain stipends paid out of the Dutchy of Lancaster together with divers new charities But that which is more considerable is an Hospital built by Sir William Wigston a Merchant of the Staple in this town in the reign of King Henry 6. which is in a very prosperous condition f North of Leicester upon the Soar lyes Montsorehill Montâ—â—â—hill which Mr. Camden says is famous for nothing but a market It is kept on Mondays but beside that privilege they have likewise a yearly Fair upon the 29th of June on S. Peter's day granted by King Edward the first in the twentieth year of his reign to Nicholas de Segrave the elder Not far from whence is Bradgate Bradgate the seat of the right honourable Thomas Grey Earl of Stamford and Baron Grey of Groby In the Hundred of Sparkenhoe South-west of Leicester lyes Lindley Lindley of which Lordship 't is very remarkable says Burton that therein was never seen adder snake or lizzard tho' in all the bordering places they have been commonly found Not far from hence is Higham in old Deeds written Hecham and is memorable among other things for a curious piece of Antiquity * Bâ—â—â— Leiceâ—â—â— p. 131. discover'd there in the year 1607. Englished by one Mr. Bedwell By Mahomet magnifie him Turn from him each hand that may hurt him He found likewise certain great Catch-hooks and Keepers of Silver with certain Links of an old fashion'd great Gold-chain All these lay by the side of the stone deep in the ground Under the same stone there lay two or three pieces of Silver Coins of Trajan the Emperour †〈◊〉 This last passage would perswade us that the stone it self was a basis to some Altar dedicated to Trajan according to that custom of the Romans of laying some of the present Emperour's coins under the foundation of their buildings monuments c. The same custom they had in their Burials as appears by the Coins found in several Urns and Barrows throughout England And this perhaps may account for the stone and coins The money rings and other things found by the side of the stone Mr. Burton conjectures to have been the treasure of some Jew ‖ Neâ—â—◠〈◊〉 9. c 〈…〉 3â— For that people flourish'd mightily in England a little after the Conquest being encourag'd particularly by William Rufus upon which they became very rich and flourishing But their wealth in the succeeding reigns did them an injury being miserably tortur'd by King John to make them discover and deliver up their hidden treasures In the 11th of Edw. 1. their Synagogues were all pluckt down and in the 16th of that King they were all banisht the Realm to the number of 15000. But then their riches was all to be left behind and they were not allow'd to take any money or goods away with them save only for the necessary charges of transportation In which difficulty what can we imagine more probable than that they bury'd and hid their treasures under-ground in hopes that the succeeding King's reigns might be more favourable to them The ring with Arabick characters seems to confirm the same thing and might be brought over out of Palestine or some of those Eastern Counties by some of the Jews who as Buxtorfius tells us had a natural love to their own Country and us'd sometimes to visit it And the learned Antiquary before-mention'd is of opinion that it was laid here to challenge the property whenever there should be occasion to enter a claim because without some such thing they would belong to the King or to a common person by prescription Thus ‖ â—â—â—'s â—â—â—rty of â—â—â—im 〈◊〉 when Ludgate was taken down in the year 1586. to be re-built they found in the wall a stone engraven with Hebrew Letters to this effect This is the dwelling of Rabbi Moses the son of the honourable Rabbi Isaac g Let us now turn our course towards the North to Loughborow â—â—ughboâ—â—â— the ancient inheritance of the noble family of the Despensers who obtain'd the privilege of a weekly market with certain fairs to be kept here But upon the Death and Attainder of Hugh le Despenser Earl of Winchester the 19th of Edw. 2. it was forfeited to the Crown and granted by King Edward the third to Henry Lord Beaumont in General-tail in whose posterity it continu'd till William Viscount Beaumont being in the battel of Towton-field on the side of King Henry 6. was attainted of High-treason 1 Edw. 4. and the manour granted to William Lord Hastings But the Viscount Beaumont was restor'd to it by King Henry the seventh and upon the Attainder of Viscount Lovel his successor it return'd to the Crown The 19th of Henry 8. the Marquess of Dorset obtain'd a grant of it but upon the Attainder of his son Henry Duke of Suffolk 2 Mar. it was forfeited to the Queen who granted it to Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough from whom it directly descended to Theophilus now Earl of Huntingdon Mr. Camden observes that it gave the Title of Baron to Sir Edward Hastings He was third son to George Earl of Huntingdon and did great Services to Queen Mary by the forces he had rais'd on the death of King Edward the sixth to oppose the Lady Jane Grey He was first made Master of her Horse of her Privy Council and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter Having obtain'd the Grant of this Manour amongst others he was created Lord Hastings of this place and made Lord Chamberlain to that Queen's houshold Since Mr. Camden's time it hath given the same title to Henry Hastings Esquire second son to Henry Earl of Huntingdon who was a person of great valour and military conduct and the first that appear'd in arms on the behalf of King Charles the first conducted the Queen from Burlington to Oxford planted divers garisons with his own forces and particularly that of Ashby de la Zouch in this County and as a reward for his extraordinary service was 19 Car. 1. advanc'd to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm by the title of Baron of Loughborough He departed this life unmarried at London 18 Jan. 1666. in the 55th year of his age and was bury'd in the Collegiate Chapel Royal of St. George in Windsor-castle h Further towards the North is
Dunnington â—â—nningâ—â—n which Mr. Camden observes was bestow'd upon Hugh le Despenser the younger by Edward the second whose father Hugh le Despenser the elder King Edward the second created Earl of Winchester But 1 Edw. 3. Henry Earl of Lancaster obtain'd a Reversal of his brother's Attainder together with a restitution of his estate of which this castle and manour was a part Afterwards descending to King Henry the fourth it became parcel of the Dutchy of Lancaster and so continu'd till the reign of Queen Elizabeth when Robert Earl of Essex having obtain'd a grant of the Park did in the latter end of that Queen's reign sell the same to George Earl of Huntingdon which now is the inheritance of Theophilus the present Earl of Huntingdon From hence we pass to Ashby de la Zouch Ashby de la Zouch which manour Mr. Camden tells us came to the Hastings and that happen'd upon the Attainder of James Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire after King Edward the fourth recover'd the Crown Sir William Hastings had a grant of it in consideration of his signal Services against King Henry the sixth and his party upon which account he was also made a Baron Chamberlain of the King's houshold Captain of Calice and Knight of the Garter This I take to be the same William that Mr. Camden says procur'd the privilege of a Fair there from Henry the sixth for he cannot mean the market because the town enjoy'd that privilege long before It must be a mistake for Edward the fourth because Sir William always oppos'd the Lancastrian party in favour of the House of York and upon that turn of government procur'd this grant Besides it expresly appears that 11 Edw. 4. he had a Charter for two Fairs to be held there yearly with licence to make amongst other of his houses this of Ashby a castle which was demolisht in 1648. At which time many other noble seats underwent the same fate by an ordinance of the Parliament This manour in a lineal descent from the said William Lord Hastings is the inheritance of Theophilus now Earl of Huntingdon i From the North we must pass along with Mr. Camden to the East-part of this County where Burrow Burrow offers it self being in his opinion the Vernometum Vernometum of Antoninus Mr. Burton speaking of the place barely recites Camden's words without delivering his own judgment but a more distinct account of the place which I had sent me by an ingenious Gentleman very much strengthens the conjecture The double ditch and track of the walls are pretty plain The entrance into it both now and anciently was from the East and by South There are two banks cast up about ten yards in length and five or six in distance one from the other where the Portal appears to have been and where the entrance is partly level from the field adjoyning there being as Mr. Camden well describes it a steep and upright ascent on all other sides The interpretation of a great temple seems to answer the state of the place exceeding well for there do not so much appear the marks of a town demolish'd which Mr. Camden intimates as some particular great building and rather a Temple than any other to which the several adjacent colonies might conveniently resort The hill contains twelve Acres in modern computation and there is in the middle of it a rising ground It is distant near half a mile from the town of Burrow and there is a very pleasant prospect from it especially to the West k Besides the fair Church at Melton-Mowbray mention'd by our Author it had a Chantry for about fourteen Priests situate near the South-east corner of the Church which being repair'd is now the Parsonage-house belonging to the Impropriation of the said Church The market which is upon Tuesdays is the most considerable for cattel of any in this part of England Continuation of the EARLS Some years after the death of Robert Dudley mention'd by our Author King James the first created Robert Sidney Viscount Lisle descended from a sister of the last Robert Earl of Leicester To him succeeded Robert his son who had by the Lady Dorothy daughter to Henry Earl of Northumberland Philip his heir and successor in this dignity RVTLANDSHIRE RUTLAND in the Saxon Roteland is in a manner encompass'd with Leicestershire unless on the south where it lyes on the river Welland and on the east where it borders on the County of Lincoln It is no way inferiour to Leicestershire either in richness of soil or pleasantness of situation but only for its quantity in which respect it is much inferiour being the least County of all England It s form is almost circular and contains within its compass so much ground as a good horseman may ride about in one day Hence it is that the people of this Country have a story of I know not what King who gave to one Rut as much land as he could ride about in a day and he riding round this County within the time specify'd had it thereupon given him and call'd it after his own name But let such fables vanish we will not injure truth with idle fancies In regard therefore that the earth of this County is in many places so ruddy that it colours the fleeces of the sheep and considering that the Saxons call'd a red colour Roet and Rud why may we not suspect that Rutland Rutland why so call'd was so named quasi Redland as the Poet says Conveniunt rebus nomina saepe suis i.e. There 's commonly an agreement between names and things Several places among all nations have been named from redness Rutlan-Castle in Wales built on a red shore the Red Promontory the Red Sea between Egypt and Arabia Erytheia in Ionia and several other instances evince the same thing There is therefore no occasion to listen to fables for this Etymology a This little parcel of land has made a County but of late days for in the time of Edward the Confessor it was esteemed a part of Northamptonshire And our Historians who writ before the last 300 years mention not this in the number of the Counties b Wash or Gwash a rivulet rising in the west runs to the east almost through the very middle of this County and divides it into two parts In the hithermost or south division stands Uppingham Uppingham on a rising ground from whence it had its name c It is not memorable for any thing besides a well-frequented market and a handsom school which as also another at Okeham R. Johnson a Divine with a laudable design for the good education of youth lately erected out of certain contributions Below this stands Dry-Stoke which I cannot omit in regard it hath been an old seat of that famous and ancient family of the Digbies Digby which 1 I grieve to utter it but all men know it Everard Digby hath now branded with an eternal
mark of infamy by wickedly conspiring with those wretched Incendiaries who design'd with one single charge of Gun-powder to have destroy'd both their Prince and Country d 2 More eastward upon the river Welland I saw nothing remarkable unless it be Berohdon now Barodon which Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick held with South-Luffenham and other hamlets by service to the King's Chamberlain in the Exchequer Fiâ— 14 Ed. 3. In the furthermost division beyond the river encompass'd with hills lyes the pleasant and fruitful valley now call'd The Vale of Catmose perhaps from Coet maes which in the British tongue signifies a woody field or ground In the midst of which vale stands Okeham Okeham that seems for the same reason to have taken it's name from Oaks Near the Church 3 Which is large and fair are still remaining the ruinous walls of an old castle built as is reported by a He was a younger son to William de Ferrers Earl of Derby and held Okeham by the service of one Knights fee and a half 12 Hen. 2. Wright pag. 95. Walkelin de Ferrariis in the beginning of the Normans And that it was the habitation of the Ferrars besides the authority of tradition is sufficiently evident from the Horse-shoes which that family gave for their Arms nail'd on the â—â—tes and in the hall Afterwards this town belong'd to the Lords of Tatteshall But when King Richard 2. advanced Edward son of the Duke of York to the title of Earl of Rutland he also gave him this Castle In the memory of the last age it came to Thomas Cromwell Barons Cromwell and as I have read b He was Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon but not of Okeham See the printed Stat. of 31 Hen. 8. concerning Gavelkind gave him the title of Baron Henry 8. advanc'd this person to the highest dignity but soon after when by his many projects he had expos'd himself to the storms of envy on a sudden he depriv'd him both of life and honours e Eastward from hence is Burley Burly most pleasantly situated overlooking the Vale. This is now the magnificent seat of the Harringtons who by marriage with the daughter and heir of Colepeper came to so large an inheritance in those parts that ever since they have been a flourishing family in like manner as the Colepepers were before them to whom by N. Green the great estate of the Bruses did in part descend Which Bruses being of the chief Nobility of England match'd into the Royal family of Scotland from whom by Robert the eldest brother the Royal Line of the Scots and by Bernard a younger brother the Cottons of Connington in the County of Huntingdon of whom I have already spoken and these Harringtons are descended Upon which account K. James dignify'd Sir John Harrington Barons Harringtâ—â— 4 Branch'd from the stem of the ancient Lords Harington a most famous and worthy Knight with the title of Baron Harrington of Exton 5 A town adjacent where be hath also another fair house f On the east-side of this County near the river Guash lye Brigcasterton of which more hereafter and Rihall where when superstition had so bewitched our Ancestors that it had almost remov'd the true God by the multiplicity of Gods one Tibba a Saint of the lesser rank was worship'd by Falconers The Falcoâ—ers Saint as a second Diana and reputed a kind of Patroness of Falconry g Next adjoyning is Essenden whose Lord Robert Cecil the excellent son of an excellent father who was the support of our kingdom was lately created by King James Baron Cecil of Essenden Baron Câ—â—â— of Essendâ—n This little County Edward the Confessor devised by his last Will to his wife Eadith conditionally that after her death it should go to St. Peter's at Westminster These are the words of the Testament I will that after the decease of Queen Eadgith my wife Roteland with all things thereunto belonging be given to my Monastery of the most blessed Peter and that it be surrender'd without delay to the Abbot and Monks there serving God for ever But this Testament of his was vacated by William the Norman who keeping a great part of this estate to himself divided the rest to Judith the Countess whose daughter marry'd David K. of Scots to Robert Mallet Oger Gislebert of Gaunt Earl Hugh Alberic the Clerk and others But to Westminster he left indeed at first the tithes but afterwards only the Church of Okeham with the Appendices or Chapelries thereunto belonging Oppida Mercatoria per Ichnographiam Villae Parochiales per Pagi minores per Sedes vel loca devastata Olim Villae per Denotantur COMITATUS ROTELANDIAE Tabula Nova Aucta This little County is adorn'd with 48 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to RVTLANDSHIRE a WHat the original of this County's name was we are in a great measure in the dark for as Mr. Camden's Roet and Rud will not do because we are assur'd there is nothing in the County to justifie such a conjecture so Mr. Wright's Rotelandia quasi Rotunda-landia will hardly pass till we can give some probable account how it came by a Latin name more than other parts of England The Conquest could not bring it in because we find it call'd so in the time of Edward the Confessor and beside so much of it as belong'd to Nottinghamshire to which the name Roteland was given before the rest came to be part of it is far from making a circular figure how round soever it may be when all together b When the County of Rutland came to be distinct or upon what occasion is altogether unknown Mr. Camden says that Authors 300 years old make no mention of it as of a separate Shire but that it was distinct before is certain for in the 5th of King John Isabel his new Queen had at her Coronation assigned her in Parliament for her dowry among other lands * Wright â—g 3. Com. Roteland villam de Rokingham in Com. Northampt. c. And in 12 Johan the Custos did account for the profits of this County in the Exchequer Which Custos can relate to nothing but the Sheriff of the County who was and still is as it were a Guard and his office is imply'd in his name Scyre-gerefa from which Sheriff is contracted signifying no more than a Keeper of the County â—iâ—g 〈◊〉 c In the south part of this County lies Uppingham the site whereof will hardly bear Mr. Camden's derivation from an ascent †Wright â— 130. the ground upon which it stands being something above a level but hardly amounting to a hill Johnson who is said to have built the school was call'd Robert and beside that built two Hospitals one at Okeham and another here at Uppingham Near this place is Lydington where about the year 1602. Thomas Lord Burgley settl'd an Hospital or Alms-house for a Warden 12 poor men and 2 poor women
Norman-writers Nichol and Mr. Thomas Twyne in his Breviary of Britain fol. 24. b. says he has observ'd the same many times in ancient Charters and Records of the Earls thereof written in the French-tongue And even as low as Edward the fourth's time William Caxton in his Chronicle entitl'd Fructus temporum pag. 141. and 295. calls it Nichol. I know none who remove the Roman Lindum from hence except Talbot who carries it to Lenton in Nottinghamshire which opinion we have consider'd in its proper place ‖ Itinerar p. 21. Leland tells us he heard say that the lower part of Lincoln-town was all marish and won by policy and inhabited for the commodity of the water è regione that this part of the town is call'd Wikerford and in it are 11 Parochial-Churches besides which he saw one in ruins The White-Fryers were on the west-side of the High-street in Wikerford * Pag. 22 That beyond old Lincoln much money is found in the North-fields What Mr. Camden has concerning the decay of this town wherein he says of 50 Churches are scarce left 18 he seems to have borrow'd from a hint of Leland's and if he had no other authority it seems to be deliver'd in terms too positive and general For Leland mentions it very tenderly and only says †Ibid. There goeth a common fame that there were once 52 Parish-Churches in Lincoln-city and the suburbs of it At a little distance from Lincoln is Nocton Nocton formerly a Religious-house where is a very magnificent seat lately built by Sir William Ellys Baronet At Wragby Wragby eight miles East of Lincoln the wife of one Charles Gays An. Dom. 1676. brought forth a male-child with two heads which liv'd some hours The mother of the child is still living and keeps an Inn in the town and the matter of fact can be attested by at least 100 people who saw it u Upon the little river Bane stands Horn-castle Horn-castle which evidently appears to have been a Camp or Station of the Romans as from the Castle which is Roman work so also from the Roman coins several whereof were found therein the time of Charles the first and some they meet with at this day tho' not so commonly in the field adjoyning The compass of the Castle was about 20 Acres which is yet plainly discernable by the foundation of the whole and some part of the wall still standing It is a Seigniory or Soke of 13 Lordships and was given by King Richard the second to the Bishop of Carlisle and his Successors for his habitation and maintenance when by the frequent incursions of the Scots he was driven from his castle of Rose in Cumberland and spoil'd of his revenues Three miles South-east from hence is Winceby Winceby where Octob. 5. 1643. was a battel fought between the King and Parliament the forces of the first commanded by Colonel Henderson and the Lord Widdrington those of the latter by Colonel Cromwell The fight scarce lasted an hour and the victory fell to the Parliament w At the meeting of the rivers Bane and Witham is Tatteshall Totteshall where in the front of the castle not long since were to be seen the Arms of the Cromwells the ancient Lords of it It afterwards came to be one of the seats of the Clintons Earls of Lincoln besides another at Sempringham which Mr. Camden mentions in this County x At a little distance from Bullingbrook is Eresby Eresby which gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Lindsey the third division of this County The first who enjoy'd this title oâ— Earl was Robert Lord Willoughby of Eresby creaâ—â—â— Nov. 22. in the second year of King Charles 1. He was son to that Peregrine Berty whom Catharine Baroness of Willoughby and Dutchess of Suffolk bore to Richard Berty while they made their escape into foreign parts in Queen Mary's persecution He was call d Peregrine eo quod in terra peregrina pro consolatione exilii sui piis parentibus à Domino donatus sit as the publick Register of Wesel in the Dutchy of Cleve where he was born expresses it At the request of the honourable Mr. Charles Berty Envoy extraordinary to the Electors and other Princes of Germany in his passage through that City the Burgomasters Aldermen and Counsellors took a copy of the evidences of his birth and Christening as they found it in their Register and presented it to him under the common seal of the City This Robert the first Earl Lord High Chamberlain of England was succeeded by his son and heir Mountague upon the restoration of Charles 2. made Knight of the Garter who dying in the year 1666. was succeeded by Robert his eldest son y A little above Bullingbroke stands Hareby Hareby eminent for the death of Queen Eleanor wife to King Edward 1. who being conveyed from thence to Westminster had a great many Crosses erected to her memory in several noted places This is the more observable because our Chronicles tell us she dy'd at a place call'd Hardby without giving us any hints where it stands z Hard by is Bollingbroke Bollingbroke whereof Oliver Lord St. John of Bletso was created Earl 22 Jac. 1. Dec. 28. and was succeeded by his grandchild Oliver St. John by Pawlet his second son Oliver Lord St. John the eldest being slain at Edge-hill fight At present the place gives the title of Earl to the right honourable Pawlet St. John aa More towards the sea lies Boston Boston where Mr. John Fox Author of the Acts and Monuments was born bb At Grimesby Grimesby were formerly three Religious-houses i.e. one Nunnery and two Monasteries and not far from the same coast between Salflet-haven and Louth is Salfletby memorable for its late Minister Mr. John Watson who was incumbent 74 years during which time as he himself reported it he buried the inhabitants three times over save three or four persons He had by one wife fourteen sons and three daughters the youngest now past the fiftieth year of his age In all this time he was a constant industrious Preacher except during his imprisonment for 40 weeks in Lincoln Gaol by Cromwell who put a Militia-Drummer in his place Since the present reign he was also suspended ab officio but considering his great age not à beneficio He dy'd in Aug. 1693. aged 102. cc Turning to the west towards the river Trent we meet with Osgodby Osgodby otherwise call'd Ostegobby and Osgoteby where Mr. Camden places the seat of St. Medardo and deduces it to the family of Ashcough But Mr. Dugdale has assur'd us that the whole is a manifest mistake that family belonging to another Osgodby in the same County about 30 miles south of this dd Directly towards Lincoln is Stow Stow. the Church whereof is a large building in the form of a cross and very ancient It was founded by Eadnoth a Bishop of Dorchester in Oxfordshire
College here A little higher upon Watlingstreet for so this Military way of the Romans is vulgarly call'd where there is a bridge of stone over the river Anker Manduessedum Manduessedum is seated a town of very great antiquity mention'd by Antoninus which having not yet altogether lost its name is call'd Mancester Mancester and in Ninnius's Catalogue Caer Mancegued Which name since a quarry of free-stone lies near it 't is probable was given it from the stone there digg'd and hew'd For in the Glossaries of the British tongue we learn that Main signifies a stone and Fosswad in the Provincial language digging which being joyn'd together seem aptly enough to express the name Manduessedum u But how great or of what note soever it was in those times 't is now a poor little village containing not above fourteen small houses and hath no other monument of Antiquity to shew but an old Fort which they call Old-bury i.e. an old Burrough w Atherston on the one side a well-frequented market where the Church of the 14 Augustine Friers Friers was converted into a Chapel which nevertheless acknowledges that of Mancester to be the Mother Church and Nonn-eaton on the other side have by their nearness reduc'd Mancester to what you see it Neighbour to Atherston is Meri-val Merival i.e. Merry-vale where Robert de Ferrers built and dedicated a Monastery to God and the blessed Virgin in which his body wrapp'd up in an Ox-hide lies interr'd Beyond these Northward lies Pollesworth Pollesworth where Modwena an Irish virgin fam'd for her wonderful piety built a Nunnery which Robert Marmion a Nobleman who had his castle in the neighbourhood at Stippershull repair'd x Hard by also in the Saxon times flourish'd a town of which there appear now but very small remains call'd Secandunum at this time Seckinton Seckinton where Aethelbald King of the Mercians in a civil war was assassinated by Bcornred Chron. Sax. Beared in the year 749 but in a little time he was cut off by King Offa by the same means falling from the throne by which he had impiously got it y To close the whole I must now give you a Catalogue of the Earls of Warwick Earls of Warwick And to pass over Guar Morindus Guy that Echo of England and many more of that stamp which the fruitful wits of those times brought forth at one birth Henry son of Roger de Bellomonte brother of Robert Earl of Mellent was the first Earl of the Norman race who marry'd Margaret daughter of Aernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch a person of mighty power and authority Of this family there were who bore that honour Roger son of Henry William son of Roger who dy'd in the 30th of King Henry the second Walleran his brother Henry son of Walleranâ— Thomas his son who dy'd without issue in the 26th of Henry the third and his sister Margery surviving was Countess of Warwick and dy'd childless Her two husbands nevertheless first John Mareschal Plaâ—â—â—3 Rot â—34 then John de Plessets in right of their wife and by the favour of their Prince were rais'd to the honour of Earls of Warwick But these dying without any issue by Margery Walleran Margery's uncle by the father succeeded in the honour and he dying without issue Alice his sister came to the Inheritance Afterwards William her son call'd Male-doctus Malduit and Manduit de Hanslap who dy'd also without issue But Isabel his sister being marry'd to William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp Baron of Elmesly carry'd the Earldom into the family of the Beauchamps Who if I am not mistaken because they were descended from a daughter of Ursus de Abtot gave the Bear for their Cognisance and left it to their posterity Of this family there were six Earls and one Duke William the son of Isabel John Guy Thomas Thomas the younger Richard and lastly Henry to whom King Henry the sixth made a Grant without precedent That he should be primier Earl of all England and use this title Henry primier Earl of all England and Earl of Warwick Rot. Parâ— 23 Hen. â— He made him also King of the Isle of Wight afterwards created him Duke of Warwick and by the express words of his Patent granted that he should have place in Parliament and elsewhere next to the Duke of Norfolk and before the Duke of Buckingham He had but one daughter Anne 24 Hâ— who in the Inquisitions was stil'd Countess of Warwick and dy'd in her Infancy She was succeeded by Richard Nevill who had marry'd the daughter of the said Duke of Warwick a person of an invincible spirit but changeable and fickle in his Allegiance the very sport and tennis-ball of fortune Who altho' no King himself was yet superiour to Kings as being the person who depos'd Henry the sixth a most bountiful Prince to him and set up Edward the fourth in his place Afterwards he un-king'd him again re-establisht Henry the sixth in the Throne and involv'd the kingdom in the flames of a civil war which were not extinguisht but with his own blood 15 After his death Anne his wife by Act of Parliament was excluded and debarred from all her lands for ever and his two daughters heirs to him and heirs apparent to their mother being married to George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester were enabled to enjoy all the said lands in such wise as if the said Anne their mother were naturally dead Whereupon the name stile and title of Earl of Warwick and Sarisbury was granted to George Duke of Clarence who soon after was unnaturally dispatch'd by a sweet death in a Butt of Malvesey by his suspicious brother King Edw. 4. His young son Edward was stil'd Earl of Warwick and being but a very child was beheaded by King Henry 7. to secure himself and his posterity The death of this Edward our Ancestors accounted to be the full period and final end of the long lasting war between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York Wherein as they reckon'd from the 28th year of Henry 6. unto this being the 15th of Henry 7. there were 13 fields fought 3 Kings of England 1 Prince of Wales 12 Dukes 1 Marquis 18 Earls with one Vicount and 23 Barons besides Knights and Gentlemen lost their lives Edward son of one of his daughters by George Duke of Clarence succeeded whom Henry the seventh for neither youth nor innocence could protect him to secure himself and the line put to death The title of this Earldom which was become formidable to Henry the eighth by the great troubles Richard Nevil that scourge of Kings had created lay dormant till Edward the sixth gave it to John Dudley deriving a title from the Beauchamps He as the before mention'd Richard endeavouring to subvert the Government under Queen Mary had his boundless ambition punisht with the loss of his head But his sons first John whilst his father was
river rises near Healy castle built by the Barons of Aldelegh or Audley Barons Audley to whom this place was given by Harvy de Stafford as likewise Aldelegh it self by Theobald de Verdon and from these spring the family of the Stanleys Earls of Derby 8 Strange it is to read what Lands King Henry 3. confirm'd to Henry Audeley which were bestow'd on him through the bounty of the Peers and even of private Gentlemen not only in England but also in Ireland where Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster gave him Lands together with the Constablish of Ulster so that without doubt he was either a person of singular virtue or a very great Favourite or an able Lawyer or perhaps was endu'd with all these qualifications His posterity were all â—â—d in marriage with the heirs of the Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of Baron Martin Lord of Keimeis and Barstaple as also a younger brother of this house with one of the heirs of the Earl of Glocester who was by King Edward 3. created Earl of Glocester About which time James Lord Aualey acquir'd a very great reputation on the account of his valour and skill in war-like affairs who as it is related by French Historians being dangerously wounded in the battel of Poitiers when the Black Prince with many high commendations had given to him a pension of 400 marks per annum bestow'd it immediately on his four Esquires that always valiantly attended him and satisfy'd the Prince doubting that his gift might be too little for so great service with this answer gratefully acknowledging his bounty These my Esquires sav'd my life amidst my enemies and God be think'd my Ancestors have left me sufficient Revenues to maintain me in your Service Whereupon the Prince approving this prudent Liberality both confirm'd his Donation to his Esquires and besides assign'd to him Lands to the value of 600 marks yearly But by his daughter one of the co-heirs to her brother the title of Lord Audley came afterward to the Touchets and in them continueth but the inheritance and name descended to the Touchetts in whose posterity and name that family is still remaining i I must not go on here without taking notice of that house call'd Gerards Bromley both upon the account of its magnificence and also because 't is the chief seat of Thomas Gerard whom King James in the first of his reign created Baron Gerard of Gerards Bromley The Sow keeps like a parallel line at equal distance from the Trent and runs by Chebsey which formerly belong'd to the Lords Hastings 9 Reckon'd among the principal Noble-men in the time of King Edward the first and then not far from Eccleshal the residence of the Bishop of Lichfield k and Ellenhall which formerly was the seat of the Noels Noel a famous family who founded a Monastery here at Raunton from them it descended hereditarily to the Harcourts who are of an ancient and noble Norman race and flourish'd for a long time in great dignity Of the male-line of these Noels is Andrew Noel of Dalby an eminent Knight and the Noels of Wellesborow in the County of Leicester and others remaining at this day l From hence the Sow runs by Stafford Stafford heretofore Statford and first of all Betheney where Bertelin with the reputation of great sanctity liv'd formerly an Hermite Edward the elder in the year 914. built a Tower upon the North-side of the river here When William the first took his Survey of England as it is said in Domesday-book the King had only eighteen Burgesses here belonging to him and twenty mansion houses of the Honour of the Earl it paid in gross for all customs nine pounds in deniers 10 And had 13 Canons-Prebendaries who held in Frank-Almoin In another place The King commanded a castle to be made there which was lately demolish'd But at that time as it is at this day Stafford was the chief Town of this County which owes its greatest glory to Stafford a castle adjoyning to it 11 Which the Barons of Stafford of whose Progeny were the Dukes of Buckingham built for their own seat who prevail'd with King John to erect it into a Burrough with ample liberties and priviledges caus'd to be partly enclos'd with a wall and founded a Priory of Black-Canons in honour of St. Thomas of Canterbury built by the Barons of Stafford for a seat m Below this the Sow is joyn'd by a little river call'd Penke which gives name to Pennocrucium an ancient town of which we have already made mention Near the confluence of the Sow and the Trent stands Ticks-hall where the family of the Astons dwell which for antiquity and kindred is one of the best families in these parts n With these waters the Trent glides gently through the middle of the County to the Eastward having Chartley Chartley. castle at two miles distance on the left of it which from Ranulph Earl of Chester who built it fell to the Ferrars by Agnes his sister who was married to William de Ferrars Earl of Derby from whom descended and flourish'd the Lords Ferrars of Chartley Lords Ferrars of Chartley. and Anne the daughter of the last of them brought this Honour with her as a portion to Walter D'eureux her husband from whom is Robert D'eureux Earl of Essex and Lord Ferrars of Chartley. On the right side of this river almost at the same distance stands Beaudesert Beaudesert most delicately seated among the woods formerly the house of the Bishops of Lichfield but afterwards of the Barons Pagets Barons Paget For William Paget who for his great prudence and knowledge of the world being eminent both at home and abroad was in great favour with Henry the eighth and King Edward the sixth having got a large estate was created Baron Paget of Beaudesert by Edward the sixth 12 He was as it may be collected from his Epitaph Secretary and Privy Counsellor to King Henry 8. and constituted by his Testament Counsellor and Adjutant to King Edward the sixth during his minority to whom he was Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Comptroller of the Houshold and by him created as I have already intimated Baron and Knight of the Garter as also by Queen Mary Lord Privy-Seal Whose grandson William is now the fourth Baron Pagett His grandson Thomas the fourth Baron flourishes now at this day who by his virtue and progress in the best kinds of learning is a grace and ornament to his whole family and in this respect but justly distinguisht by an honourable mention here From hence the Trent visits Lichfield Lâ—â—hfieâ—d scarce four miles distant from the right side of it Bede calls it Licidfeld which Rous of Warwick renders a field of carcasses and tells us that many Christians suffer'd martyrdom there under Dioclesian The city stands low is pretty large and neat and divided into two parts by a kind of lough or clear water
ancient Palace The Inhabitants thereabouts think it to be the ruins of a City but others judge it to have been the Camp of either Penda or Oswald o Scarce three miles off stands Whittington Wittingâ—â—n not long since a castle of the Fitz-Warrens who derive their pedigree from 30 Sir Guarin Warren de Metz a Lorainer he took to wife the heiress of William Peverel who is said to have built it and had issue by her Fulk the father of the renown'd 31 Sir Fulk Fitz-Warren Fulk Fitz-Warren The life of 〈◊〉 writâ—en â—n â—â—ench whose strange and various fortune in war was very much admir'd by our Ancestors 32 And had Poems compos'd upon it In Henry the third's reign there was a Commission to Fulk Fitz-Warren to fortifie the castle of Whittington sufficiently as appears by the Close-rolls in the fifth year of that King's reign The Barony of these Fitz-Warrens 〈◊〉 Fitz-â—arren expir'd in a female having in the last age pass'd from the Hancfords to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath Below this castle Wrenoc the son of Meuric held certain lands by the service of being Latimer between the English and Welsh that is an Interpreter This I have remark'd from an old Inquisition for the better understanding of the word Latimer â—he signifiâ—ation of Latâ—mer which few are acquainted with tho' it is a name very famous in this kingdom Upon the Northern bounds of this Shire first stands Shenton a seat of the Needhams 33 Blackmere an ancient family of the Lords L'estrange a famous family y Of this family was Sir Robert Needham Kt. who had considerable Commands during the war in Ireland under Queen Elizabeth He was afterwards Vice-President of the Council in the Marches of Wales and created by King Charles the first Viscount Kilmorey to him succeeded Thomas his son who built a noble house in this place and is succeeded in his honour by Robert Viscount Kilmorey his son and next White-church â—hite-â—hurch or the white Monastery famous for some monuments of the Talbots but more particularly for that of our English Achilles 34 Sir John John Talbot the first Earl of Shrewsbury of this family whose Epitaph I here insert not that it comes up to the character of such an Hero but only for a Specimen how the stile of every age varies in framing their monumental Inscriptions ORATE PRO ANIMA PRAENOBILIS DOMINI DOMINI IOANNIS TALBOTT QVONDAM COMITIS SALOPIAE DOMINI TALBOTT DOMINI FVRNIVALL DOMINI VERDON DOMINI STRANGE DE BLACK-MERE ET MARESCHALLI FRANCIAE QVI OBIIT IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII IVLII MCCCCLIII That is Pray for the soul of the right honourable Lord Lord John Talbott sometime Earl of Shrewsbury Lord Talbott Lord Furnivall Lord Verdon Lord Strange of Blackmere and Marshal of France who died in battel at Burdews VII of July MCCCCLIII These Talbotts many years ago had the Inheritance of the Barons L'estrange of Blackmere â—â—rons Leâ—â—ange of â—â—ackmere 35 Who were sirnam'd Le Strange commonly and Extranei in Latin Records for that they were strangers brought hither by King Henry the second and in a short time their house was far propagated Those of Blackmere were much enricht by an heir of W. de Albo Monasterio or this Whit-Church and also by one of the heirs of John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of ancient Nobility in Glocestershire by the only daughter of Walter Lord Clifford who were sometimes call'd Extranei that is Foreigners in right of their wives For they were Lords Marchers in this County and their seat in this neighbourhood call'd Blackmere from a Lake of blackish water is now almost quite ruin'd This family was much ennobled and their estates encreas'd by intermarriage with a daughter and coheir of John Giffard of Brimsfield of an honourable and ancient Family in Glocestershire whose wife Mawd was the only daughter of Walter Clifford the third More 36 Westward to the East lies Ellesmer Ellesmer a small tract of rich and fertile ground which according to the Chester-Chronicle together with the small castle King John settled upon Lewellin Prince of North-Wales when he made up the match between him and 37 Joan his base-daughter his natural daughter Afterwards 38 In the time of King Henry the third it came to the L'estranges or the Extranei but at present it has its Baron 39 Sir Thomas Thomas Egerton who for his singular wisdom and integrity was by Queen Elizabeth made Lord Keeper and afterwards by King James advanc'd to the highest dignity of the Long-robe by being made Lord Chancellour and created Baron of Ellesmer z Before he dy'd he was made Viscount Brackley Baron of Ellesmâ—r Now to say somewhat briefly of the Earls of Shrewsbury Earls of Shrewsbury Roger de Belesm or Montgomery was created by William the Conquerour first Earl of Shrewsbury who also had the greatest share of Lands given him in this kingdom of any of his Souldiers His eldest son Hugh immediately succeeded him but was afterwards slain in Wales leaving no issue behind him Next was Robert another of his sons a man barbarously cruel both towards his own sons and his hostages whose eyes he pull'd out and then gelded with his own hands But at last being attainted of High Treason he was punish'd by King Henry the first with perpetual imprisonment where his sufferings were answerable to the heinousness of his crimes a Malmesb. Hist Novell f. 99. The revenues of the Earldom were transferr'd to Queen Adelizia for her dower Many ages after King Henry the sixth in the twentieth year of his reign conferr'd this honour upon John Lord Talbot who by a natural genius as well as choice of profession seems to have been destin'd for military atchievements And in the 24th year of his reign he encreas'd his honours by adding to his title of Earl of Shrewsbury and Weisford that of Earl of Waterford the Barony of Dongarvan and Lieutenancy of Ireland He was afterwards slain in a battel at Chastillon 40 Upon Dordan near Bourdeaux in Aquitain with his younger son 41 Sir John Talbot John Viscount L'isle after he had scatter'd the Trophies of Victory over the best part of France for four and twenty years together His son John succeeded him whose mother was a daughter and coheir of 42 Sir Thomas Thomas Nevil Lord Furnivall but espousing the interest of the house of Lancaster he lost his life in the battel at Northampton From him 43 By a daughter of the Earl of Ormond descended John the third Earl of Shrewsbury and 44 Sir Gilbert Talbot Captain of Calais Gilbert from whom the Talbots of Grafton are descended 45 This third John had by his wife Katharine daughter to Henry Duke of Buckingham George the fourth Earl who serv'd King Henry the seventh valiantly and constantly at the battel of
indebted for the description of it It lay with the Inscription downward upon a stone two foot square which is suppos'd to have been the Pedestal of it the foundation lay deep and broad consisting of many large stones The earth about it was solid but of several colours and some ashes were mixt in it About the foundation were found signs of a Sacrifice the bones horns and heads of several creatures as the Ox Roe-buck c. with these two coyns I. Brass On the first side Imp. Caes. Vespasian Aug. Cos. 111. and the face of the Emperour On the reverse Victoria Augusti S. C. and a winged Victory standing II. Copper On the first side Fl. Val. Constantius Nob. C. and the face of Constantius On the reverse Genio populi Romani A Genius standing holding a bowl us'd in sacrifices in the right hand and a Cornucopia in the left Our Antiquary tells us that presently after the Norman-Conquest the Episcopal See was translated hither from Lichfield and this is the reason why the Bishops of Lichfield are sometimes call'd by our Historians Bishops of Chester and Peter who translated it is by our Saxon Annals call'd Episcopus Licifeldensis sive Cestrensis Bishop of Lichfield or Chester d Leaving this ancient city the next thing that offers it self is Wirall Wirall call'd by the Saxon Annals Wirheale and by Matthew Westminster more corruptly Wirhale * Burton Itinerar p. 129. which the same Mattthew confounds with Chester making them one place This error proceeded from the misunderstanding of that passage in the Saxon Chronicle hie gedydon on anre pestre ceastre on Wirhealum sio is Legaceastre gehaten i.e. They abode in a certain Western city in Wirheale which is call'd Legaceaster The latter part of the sentence he imagin'd had referr'd to Wirheale whereas it is plainly a farther explication of the Western-city e From the Western parts of this County let us pass to the Eastern where upon the river Dane is Congleton the ancient Condatum of Antoninus according to our Author Mr. Burton Mr. Talbot and others Wherever it was it seems probable enough as Mr. †Comment upon the Iâ—inerar p. 124. Burton has hinted that it came from Condate in Gaul famous for the death of S. Martin For ‖ Dâ— Bell. Gâ—ll. l. 5. Caesar expresly tells us that even in his time they translated themselves out of that part of Gaul into Britain and that after they were settl'd they call'd their respective cities after the name of those wherein they had been born and bred Whether any remains of Roman Antiquities that have been discover'd at Congleton induc'd our Antiquaries to fix it there is uncertain since they are silent in the matter but if the bare affinity of names be their only ground supposing the distances would but answer there might be some reason to remove it into the Bishoprick of Durham wherein at Consby near Percebridge was dug up a Roman Altar very much favouring this conjecture The draught and inscription of it with the remarks upon them shall be inserted in their proper place More towards the North lies Maclesfield where in a Chapel or Oratory on the South-side of the Parochial Chapel and belonging to Peter Leigh of Lyme Esq as it anciently belong'd to his Ancestors in a brass Plate are the verses and following account of two worthy persons of this family Here lyeth the body of Perkin A Legh That for King Richard the death did dye Betrayed for righteousness And the bones of Sir Peers his sonne That with King Henry the fifth did wonne In Paris This Perkin served King Edward the third and the Black Prince his son in all their wars in France and was at the Battel of Cressie and had Lyme given him for that service And after their deaths served King Richard the second and left him not in his troubles but was taken with him and beheaded at Chester by King Henry the fourth And the said Sir Peers his sonne served King Henry the fifth and was slain at the battel of Agen-court In their memory Sir Peter Legh of Lyme Knight descended from them finding the said old verses written upon a stone in this Chapel did reedifie this place An. Dom. 1626. On the other side of the same Parochial Chapel in an Oratory belonging to the right honourable Thomas Earl Rivers is this Copy of a Pardon grav'd in a brass Plate The pardon for saying of v pater nosters and v aves and a ...... is xxvi thousand yeres and xxvi dayes of pardon Another brass Plate in the same Chapel has this ancient Inscription Orato pro animabus Rogeri Legh Elizabeth uxoris suae qui quidem Rogerus obiit iiii die Novembris Anno Domini M. v. c. vi Elizabeth verò obiit v o die Octobris An. Domini Mcccclxxxix quorum animabus propitietur Deus This town of Macclesfield hath given the title of Earl to the Gerrards the first whereof invested with that Honour was Charles created Earl of this place 31 Car. 2. who being lately dead is now succeeded by his son and heir The more rare Plant yet observ'd to grow in Cheshire is Cerasus avium fructu minimo cordiformi Phyt. Brit. The least wild Heart Cherry-tree or Merry-tree Near Stock-port and in other places Mr. Lawson could observe no other difference between this and the common Cherry-tree but only in the figure and smallness of the fruit HEREFORD-SHIRE By Robt. Morden SILURES IT seems most adviseable before we go to the other parts of England to take a round into Cambria or Wales still possest by the posterity of the old Britains Tho' I cannot look upon this as a digression but a pursuing of the natural course of things For this tract is spread out along by the sides of the Cornavii and seems to have a right to be consider'd here as in its proper place Especially seeing the British or Welsh the Inhabitants of these parts enjoy the same laws and privileges with us and have been this long time as it were engrafted into our Government Wales Wales therefore which formerly comprehended all that lies beyond the Severn but has now narrower bounds was formerly inhabited by three People the Silures Silures the Dimetae Dimetae and the Ordovices Ordovices To these did not only belong the twelve Counties of Wales but also the two others lying beyond the Severn Herefordshire and Monmouthshire now reckon'd among the Counties of England To take them then as they lye the Silures as we gather from Ptolemy's description of them inhabited those Countries which the Welsh call by one general name Deheubarth i.e. the Southern part at this day brancht into the new names of Herefordshire Radnorshire Brecknockshire Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire within which compass there are still some remains of the name Silures As to the derivation of the word I can think of none that will answer the nature of the Country but as to the original of
room William the son of Osbern of Crepon or as the Normans call'd him Fitz-Osbern a person very nearly allied to the Dukes of Normandy He being slain in the 4 Assisting the Earl of Flanders wars in Flanders was succeeded by his son Roger sirnam'd de Bretevill who died 5 Condemn'd to perpetual prison for a Conspiracy against the Conquerour out-law'd Proscriptus leaving no legitimate issue Then King Stephen restor'd to Robert le Bossu Earl of Leicester 6 Who had marry'd Emme or Itta heir of Bretevill son of Emme de Bretevill's heir I speak out of the original it self the Borough of Hereford and the Castle and the whole County of Hereford to descend by inheritance but to no purpose For Maud the Empress who contended with Stephen for the Crown advanced Miles the son of Walter Constable of Glocester to that honour and 7 Also granted to him Constabulariam Curiae suae the Constableship of her Court whereupon his posterity were Constables of England as the Marshalship was granted at the first by the name of Magistratus â—lariscalâ—iae Câ—riae nostrae made him high Constable of England Constables of England Nevertheless King Stephen afterwards divested him of these honours This Miles had five sons Roger Walter Henry William and Mahel all persons of great note and who died untimely deaths after they had all but William succeeded one another in their father's inheritance having none of them any issue King Henry amongst other things gave to Roger The Mote of Hereford with the whole Castle Girald Cambriae Itin. l. 1. c. 2. and the third penny of the revenues of the Pleas of the whole County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl But upon Roger's death if we may credit Robert Montensis the same King kept the Earldom of Hereford to himself Margaret the eldest sister of these was married to Humphrey Bohun the third of that name and his Posterity were High Constables of England viz. Humphrey Bohun the fourth Henry his son 2 Par. Chart. An. 1 Reg. Joan. Matth. Paris Lib Waldensis Lib. Monasterii Lanthony to whom King John granted Twenty pound to be received yearly of the third penny of the County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl This Henry married the sister and heir of William Mandevill Earl of Essex and died in the fourth year of King Henry the third Humphrey the fifth his son who was also Earl of Essex and had Humphrey the sixth who died before his father having first begot Humphrey the seventh upon a daughter and one of the heirs of William Breos Lord of Brecknock His son Humphrey the eighth was slain at Boroughbrigg leaving by Elizabeth his wife daughter of King Edward the first and dowager of the Earl of Holland a numerous issue viz. John Bohun Humphrey the ninth both Earls of Hereford and Essex who dyed issueless and William Earl of Northampton who had by Elizabeth 8 Daughter sister and one of the heirs of Giles Lord Badlesmer Humphrey Bohun the tenth and last of the Bohuns Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton as also Lord High Constable of England He left two daughters Eleanor the wife of Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester and Mary married to Henry of Lancaster Earl of Derby Henry 〈◊〉 fourâ—◠〈◊〉 of Eâ—gâ—â—â—â— who was created Duke of Hereford and was afterwards crowned King of England After this the Staffords Dukes of Buckingham had the title of Earls of Hereford who were descended from a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock which daughter was afterwards married to William Bourchier called Earl of Ew But in our memory King Edward the sixth honour'd Walter D'Eureux descended by the Bourchiers from the Bohuns with the title of Viscount Hereford whose grandchild by a son was afterwards created Earl of Essex by Queen Elizabeth This County contains 176 Parishes ADDITIONS to HEREFORDSHIRE a THE County of Hereford being as it were a Frontier in all the wars between the English and Welsh has upon that account been very remarkable for its number of Forts and Castles no fewer than 28. the greatest part whereof have now little to show beside the name Our Author observes it to be a very good Corn-Country but its present peculiar eminence is in Fruits of all sorts which give them an opportunity particularly of making such vast quantities of Syder as not only to serve their own families for 't is their general drink but also to furnish London and other parts of England their Red-streak from a sort of Apple they call so being exrtemely valu'd b Upon the river Wye two miles from Hereford is Eaton-wall Eaton * Aubr MS. a Camp containing about thirty or forty acres The works of it are single except a little on the West-side And about two miles from hence and a mile from Kenchester is Creden-hill upon which is a very great Camp and mighty works the graff here is inwards as well as outwards and the whole contains by estimation about forty acres c Near which is Kenchester Kenchester †Blome where about the year 1669. was found in a wood a great vault with tables of plaster in it The vault it self was pav'd with stone and thereabouts were dug up also many pieces of Roman Coins with large Bones leaden Pipes several Roman Urns with ashes in them and other vessels the use whereof was unknown d A little lower stands its daughter Hereford Hereford in which name our Author would find some remains of the old Ariconium whereas it is of a pure Saxon original implying no more than a ford of the army nor ought the vulgar's pronouncing it Hariford be of any weight when it appears by * See the Glossary and the several places wherein 't is mention'd our most ancient Annals that it was constantly written hereford Which interpretation doth also suit the situation of the place exceeding well the Severn being for many hundreds of years the frontier between two Nations almost always at war e Leland †Itinerar MS. has told us that the Castle by the ruins appear'd to have been one of the fairest largest and strongest in all England The walls were high firm and full of great towers and where the river was not a sufficient defence for it there it was strongly ditch'd It had two wards each of them surrounded with water the dungeon was high and exceeding well fortify'd having in the outward wall or ward ten towers of a semiciâ—cular figure and one great tower in the inner ward As to the building of it the sâ—me Leland has left us what tradition was on foot in his time without taking any notice of our Author's Earl Milo Some think says he that Heraldus â—gan this Castle after that he had conquer'd the rebellion of the Welshmen in King Edward the Confessor's time Some think that the Lacies Earls of Hereford were the great makers of it and the Bohuns Earls of Hereford
by mediation of Enion ap Kadîvor a Nobleman who had married his daughter Robert Fitz-Haimon 〈…〉 a Norman son of Haimon Dentatus Earl of Corboil Who forthwith levied an Army of choice Souldiers and taking to his assistance twelve Knights as Adventurers in this Enterprize â— Eâ—â—gâ—â—t first gave RhÅ·s battel and slew him and afterwards being allur'd with the fertility of the Country which he had before conceiv'd sure hopes to be Lord of turning his Forces against Jestin himself for that he had not kept his Articles with Enion he soon deprived him of the Inheritance of his Ancestors and divided the Country amongst his Partners The barren Mountains he granted to Enion but the fertile Plains he divided amongst these twelve Associates whom he had called Peers and himself on that condition that they should hold their Land in Fee and Vassalage of him as their chief Lord to assist each other in common and that each of them should defend his station in his Castle of Caèrdiffe eâ—d ffe and attend him in his Court at the administration of Justice It may not perhaps be foreign to our purpose if we add their names out of a Book written on this subject either by Sir Edward Stradling or Sir Edward Maunsel for 't is ascribed to both of them both being very well skill'd in Genealogy and Antiquities William of London or de Londres Richard Granvil Pain Turbervil Oliver St. John Robert de St. Quintin Roger Bekeroul William Easterling so call'd for that he was descended from Germany whose Posterity were call'd Stradlings Gilbert Humfranvil Richard Siward John Flemming Peter Soore Reginald Sully The river Rhymny gliding from the Mountains makes the Eastern limit of this County whereby it is divided from Monmouthshire and in the British * Rhanna Remny signifies to divide In a Moorish bottom not far from this river where it runs through places scarce passable among the hills are seen the ruinous walls of Caer-phily-castle Caerphily-castle which has been of that vast magnitude and such an admirable structure that most affirm it to have been a Roman Garrison nor shall I deny it tho' I cannot yet discover by what name they call'd it However it should seem to have been re-edified in regard it has a Chapel built after the Christian manner as I was inform'd by the learned and judicious Mr. J. Sanford who took an accurate survey of it It was once the possession of the Clares Earls of Glocester but we find no mention of it in our Annals till the reign of Edward the second For at that time the Spensers having by underhand practices set the King and Queen and the Barons at difference we read that Hugolin Spenser was a long time besieged in this Castle but without success a Upon this river also but the place is uncertain Ninnius informs us that Faustus a pious godly son of Vortigern a most wicked father erected a stately Edifice Where with other devout men he daily pray'd unto God that he would not punish him for the sins of his father who committing most abominable Incest had begotten him on his own daughter and that his father might at last seriously repent and the Country be freed from the Saxon war A little lower Ptolemy places the mouth of Rhatostabius The mouth of Rhatostabius or Rhatostibius a maim'd word for the British Traeth Tâv which signifies the sandy Frith of the river Taf. For there the river Taf gliding from the Mountains falls into the Sea at Lan-daf Landaffe that is the Church on the river Taf a small place seated in a bottom but dignified with a Bishop's See in the Diocese whereof are 154 Parishes and adorn'd with a Cathedral consecrated to St. Teiliau Bishop thereof Hist Landavensis Which Church was then erected by the two Gallick Bishops Germanus and Lupus when they had suppress'd the Pelagian Heresie that prevail'd so much in Britain and Dubricius a most devout man they first preferr'd to the Bishoprick to whom Meurick a British Prince granted all the Lands between Taf and Eli. From hence Taf continues its course to Caerdiffe Caerdiffe in British Kaer DÅ·dh * Câ—rruptly I suppose for Caer DÅ·v a neat Town considering the Country and a commodius Haven fortified with Walls and a Castle by the Conquerour Fitz Haimon who made it both the Seat of War and a Court of Justice Where besides a standing Army of choice Souldiers the twelve Knights or Peers were obliged each of them to defend their several stations Notwithstanding which a few years after one Ivor Bâch a Britain who dwelt in the Mountains a man of small stature but of resolute courage marched hither with a band of Souldiers privately by night and seiz'd the Castle carrying away William Earl of Glocester Fitz-Haimon's grandson by the daughter together with his wife and son whom he detain d prisoners till he had receiv'd satisfaction for all injuries But how Robert Curthose Rob. Curthâ—se D of Normâ—ndy eldest son of William the Conquerour a man in Martial Prowess but too adventurous and fool-hardy was depâ—ived by his younger brothers of all hopes of succession to the Crown and bereft of both his eyes lived in this Castle till he became an old man may be seen in our English Historians Whereby we may also learn That to be born of the Blood-royal does not ensure us of either Liberty or Safety Scarce three miles from the mouth of the river Taf in the very winding of the shore there are two small but very pleasant Islands divided from each other and also from the main Land by a narrow Frith The hithermost is call'd Sully Sully so call'd perhaps from the Silures from a town opposite to it to which Robert de Sully whose share it was in the Division is thought to have given name tho' we might as well suppose he took his name from it The farthermost is call'd Barry from St. Baruch who lyes buried there who as he gave name to the place so the place afterwards gave sirname to its Proprietors For that noble family of Viscount Barry in Ireland is thence denominated In a maritim Rock of this Island saith Giraldus there is a narrow chink or chest A remarkable Cave to which if you put your ear you shall perceive such a noise as if Smiths were at work there For sometimes you hear the blowing of the bellows at other times the stroaks of the hammers also the grinding of tools the hissing noise of steel-gads of fire burning in furnaces c. These sounds I should suppose might be occasion'd by the repercussion of the Sea-waters into these chinks but that they are continued at low ebb when there 's no water at all as well as at the full tide b Nor was that place unlike to this which Clemens Alexandrinus mentions in the seventh Book of his Stromata Historians inform us that in the Isle of Britain there is a certain
which he holdeth of the said Aimar 's inheritance so fully and after the same manner as the same Aimar had and held them at the time of his death c. Witness the King at Montmartin the 13th day of October and the 13th year of his reign This Lawrence Hastings was succeeded by his son John who being taken by the Spaniards in a sea-fight and afterwards redeem'd died in France in the year 1375. To him succeeded his son John who was kill'd in a Tournament at Woodstock Anno 1391. 11 By Sir John St. John casually And it was observ'd of this family I know not by what fate that no father ever saw his son for five generations He leaving no issue several considerable Revenues devolv'd to the Crown and the Castle of Penbroke was granted to Francis At-court a courtier of that time in great favour who upon that account was commonly call'd Lord of Penbroke 12 Not long after Humfrey son to K. Hen. 4. before he was Duke of Glocester receiv'd this title of his brother K. Hen. 5. and before his death K. Hen. 6. granted the same in reversion a thing not before heard of to William de la Pole Earl of Suffolk after whose downfall the said King when he had enabl'd Edmund of Hadham and Jasper of Hatfield the sons of Queen Catharine his mother to be his lawful half-brethren created Jasper Earl of Penbroke and Edmund Earl of Richmond with pre-eminence to take place above all Earls For Kings have absolute authority in dispensing honours And not long after John Duke of Bedford and after him his brother Humfrey Duke of Glocester the sons of K. Hen. 4. obtain'd the same title After that William de la Pole was made Marquis of Penbroke upon whose decease K. Hen. 6. created Jasper de Hatfield his brother by the mother's side Earl of Penbroke who being afterwards divested of all honours by K. Hen. 4. was succeeded by 13 Sir William Herbert for his good service against Jasper in Wales William Herbert who was kill'd in the battel at Banbury To him succeeded a son of the same name whom Edw. 4. having recover'd his Kingdom created Earl of Huntingdon conferring the title of Earl of Penbroke on his eldest son Edward Prince of Wales A long time after that King Hen. 8. entitled Anne of Bullen whom he had betrothed Marchioness of Penbroke 14 With a Mantle and Coronet in regard both of her Nobility and also her Vertues for so ran the words of the Patent At last King Edw. 6. in our memory invested 15 Sir William William Herbert Lord of Caer-Diff with the same title He was succeeded by his son Henry who was President of Wales under Queen Elizabeth And now his son William a person in all respects most accomplish'd enjoys that honour Origin of the Herberts This family of the Herberts is very noble and ancient in these parts of Wales For they derive their pedigree from Henry Fitz-Herbert Chamberlain to K. Hen. 1. who marry'd that King's ‖ Amasiam Concubine Reginald Earl of Cornwal's mother as I am inform'd by Mr. Robert Glover a person of great insight in Genealogies by whose untimely decease Genealogical Antiquities have suffer'd extreamly Parishes in this County 145. ADDITIONS to PENBROKSHIRE a THAT our Author hath justly represented the Flemings to be a warlike and industrious Nation is very evident as well from the account we have of them in History as that they have maintain'd their Territories to be distinguishable from the Welsh even to this day But that all Wales with united Forces hath several times invaded their Country and that without success seems a more honourable character of them than we find in other Historians I shall therefore transcribe what Dr. Powel hath deliver'd upon this occasion in his * p. 277. History of Wales In the year 1217. Prince Lhewelyn ap Gorwerth marched to Dyved and being at Kevn Kynwarchan the Flemings sent to him to desire a peace but the Prince would not grant them their request Then young Rŷs was the first that pass'd the river Kledheu to fight with those of the town of Haverford whereupon Gorwerth Bishop of St. Davids with all his Clergy came to the Prince to intercede for peace in behalf of the Flemings which after long debating was thus concluded First That all the Inhabitants of Ros and the Land of Penbroke should become the Prince's subjects and ever from thence-forth take him for their liege Lord. Secondly That they should pay him 1000 Marks toward his charges before Michaelmas next coming Thirdly That for the performance of these they should deliver forthwith to the Prince twenty Pledges of the best in all the Country c. And again p. 279. In the year 1220. Lhewelyn Prince of Wales led an Army to Penbroke against the Flemings who contrary to their Oath and League had taken the Castle of Aber Teivi which Castle the Prince destroy'd putting the Garison to the sword ras'd the Castle and went thence to the Land of Gwys where he ras'd that Castle and burn'd the Town Also he caus'd all Haverford to be burn'd to the Castle-gates and destroy'd all Ros and Daugledhau and they that kept the Castle sent to him for Truce till May which was concluded upon Conditions and so he return'd home b As to the ancient name of S. Davids there is not far from it a place at this day call'd Melin Meneu wherein is preserv'd the old denomination But the original signification of the word Meneu is now lost and perhaps not to be retriev'd However I would recommend it to the curious in Ireland and Scotland where the names of places agree much with those in Wales to consider whether it may not signifie a Frith or narrow Sea for we find the Chanel betwixt Caernarvonshire and the Isle of Anglesey to be call'd Abermeneu and that there is here also a small Fretum call'd the Sound betwixt this place and the Isle of Ramsey and another place call'd Meney by a Frith in Scotland in the County of Buquhan c Besides the instance of the Sea-sands being washt off we find the same to have happen'd about the year 1590. For Mr. George Owen who liv'd at that time and is mention'd by our Author as a learned and ingenious person gives us the following account of it in a Manuscript History of this County About twelve or thirteen years since it happen'd that the Sea-sands at Newgal which are cover'd every tide were by some extraordinary violence of the Waves so washed off that there appeared stocks of Trees doubtless in their native places for they retain'd manifest signs of the stroaks of the ax at the falling of them The Sands being washed off in the winter these Buts remain'd to be seen all the summer following but the next year the same were cover'd again with the Sands By this it appeareth that the Sea in that place hath intruded upon the
pile them up in heaps and burn them to ashes which being afterwards scatter'd on the land thus pared does so enrich them that it 's scarce credible what quantities of Rye they produce Nor is this method of burning the ground any late invention but very ancient as appears out of Virgil and Horace Amongst these Hills is a place call'd Kerig y Drudion or Druid-stones a and at Voelas there are some small pillars inscrib'd with strange letters which some suspect to be the characters used by the Druids b Not far from Klokainog we read this Inscription on a stone AMILLIN TOVISATOC c Towards the Vale where these mountains begin to be thinner lies Denbigh Dâ—nâ—igh seated on a steep rock nam'd formerly by the Britains Kled-vryn yn Rhôs which signifies the craggy hill in Ros for so they call that part of the County which K. Edw. 1. bestow'd with many other large possessions on Davidh ap Grufydh brother of Prince Lhewelyn But he being soon after attainted of high treason and beheaded King Edward granted it to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln who fortified it with a very strong wall though of a small circumference and on the south-side with a castle adorn'd with high towers But his only son being unfortunately drown'd in the Castle-well he was so much griev'd thereat that he desisted from the work leaving it unfinish'd After his decease this town with the rest of his inheritance descended by his daughter Alice to the house of Lancaster From whom also when that family decay'd it devolv'd first by the bounty of King Edw. 2. to Hugh Spenser and afterwards to Roger Mortimer 1 Earl of Winchester by covenant with King Edw. 3. For his Arms are seen on the chief gate But he being sentenced to dye and executed it 2 With the Cantreds of Ross and Riewiâ—ock c. fell to William Montacute 3 After Earl of Salisbury Earl of Salisbury 4 For surprising of Mortimer tho' soon after restor'd to the Mortimers and by these at length came to the House of York For we read that out of malice to K. Edw. 4. who was of that house this town suffer'd much by those of the family of Lancaster Since which time either because the inhabitants disliked the situation of it for the declivity of the place was no ways convenient or else because it was not well serv'd with water they remov'd hence by degrees insomuch that the old town is now deserted and a new one much larger sprung up at the foot of the hill which is so populous that the Church not being large enough for the inhabitants they have now begun to build a new one where the old town stood partly at the charges of their Lord Robert Earl of Leicester and partly with the money contributed for that use by several well-disposed persons throughout England This Robert Earl of Leicester was created Baron of Denbigh by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1566 5 To him and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten Nor is there any Barony in England that hath more Gentlemen holding thereof in see We are now come to the heart of the County Drâ—â—â— Câ—ry where nature having remov'd the mountains on all hands to shew us what she could do in a rough Country hath spread out a most pleasant vale extended from south to north 17 miles and about 5 in breadth It lies open only to the Ocean and to the †â—â—râ— Bâ—â—â— clearing North-wind being elsewhere guarded with high mountains which towards the east especially are like battlements or turrets for by an admirable artifice of nature the tops of these mountains seem to resemble the turrets of walls Amongst them the highest is call'd Moel Enlhi at the top whereof I observ'd a military fence or rampire d and a very clear Spring This vale is exceeding healthy fruitful and affords a pleasant prospect the complexion of the inhabitants bright and chearful their heads of a sound constitution their sight very lively and even their old age vigorous and lasting The green meadows the corn-fields and the numerous villages and Churches in this vale afford us the most pleasant prospect imaginable The river Clwyd Clwyâ—â— from the very fountain-head runs through the midst of it receiving on each side a great number of rivulets And from hence it has been formerly call'd Ystrad Klwyd for Marianus makes mention of a King of the Strad-cluid-Welsh and at this day 't is call'd Dyffryn Klwyd i.e. the Vale of Cluid where See Caâ— naâ—◠〈◊〉 Annâ—â— as some Authors have deliver'd certain Britains coming out of Scotland planted a Kingdom having first driven out the English which were seated there In the south part of this vale on the east-side of the river lies the town of Ruthin in Welsh Rhuthyn the greatest market in the vale and a very populous town famous not long since for a stately castle which was capable of a very numerous family Both the town and castle were built 6 By Reginald Grey to whom K. Eaw 1. granted it and Roger c. by Roger Grey with permission of the King the Bishop of St. Asaph and the Rector of Lhan Rhûdh it being seated in that parish To this Roger Grey in consideration of his service against the Welsh King Edward 1. granted almost the whole Vale and this was the seat of his posterity who flourish'd under the title of Earls of Kent till the time of Richard Grey Earl of Kent and Lord of Ruthin who dying without issue and having no regard to his brother Henry sold this ancient inheritance to King Henry 7. since which time the castle has daily decay'd Of late through the bounty of Queen Elizabeth it belong'd to Ambrose Earl of Warwick together with large revenues in this Vale. Having ascended eastward out of this Valley we come to Iâl a small mountainous tract of a very high situation if compared with the neighbouring country For no river runs into it from any other country tho' it pours out several Upon account of this high situation 't is a very rough and bleak country and much subject to winds I know not whether it might receive it's name from the small river Alen which springing up in this country by undermining the earth hides it self in one or two places These mountains are well stored with oxen sheep and goats and the valleys in some places are pretty fertil in corn especially on the east part on this side Alen but the western is somewhat barren and in some places mere heath and desart It hath nothing in it memorable except the ruins of a small monastery 7 Now wholly decay'd seated very pleasantly in a valley which amongst woody hills is extended in the form of a cross whence it had the name of Vale-Crucis â—e-â—â—is whereas in British 't is call'd Lhan Gwest Eastward of Iâl the territory of Maelor Gymraeg or Welsh Maelor call'd in English Bromfield is
a bloody battel slew Edwyn the first Christian King of Northumberland and Prince Offride his eldest son in the year 633. Here are many Firr-trees found in the ground and here was also the birth place of Prince William second son of K. Ed. 3. A. 1335. which the rather deserves our mention because by most Historians it is misplac'd at Hatfield in Hertfordshire but that it is an errour plainly appears by the Rolls which tell us that Queen Philippa gave 5 marks per An. to the neighbouring Abbot of Roch and 5 nobles to the Monks there to pray for the soul of this her son William de Hatfield which summs are transferr'd to the Church of York where he was buried and are to this day paid by the Earl of Devonshire to the Bishop and Dean and Chapter of York out of the Impropriation of the Rectory of Hatfield Near the town are many entrenchments as if some great army had been there encampt 'T is said that no Rats have ever been seen in this town nor any Sparrows at a place call'd Lindham in the Moors below it tho' it is a good earth for corn or pasture but encompast with a morass 〈◊〉 k Near the confluence of Don and Are is Cowick the pleasant Seat of the ancient family of the Dawneys which name occurs frequently amongst the Sheriffs of this County of which Sir John Dawney was by King Charles 2. advanc'd to the degree of Viscount Downe in the Kingdom of Ireland â—â—â—th l Not far from Nosthill is Hemsworth where Robert Holgate Arch-bishop of York depriv'd in the first of Queen Mary for being marry'd did An. 1544. found an Hospital for ten poor aged men and as many women who have each about 10 l. per An. and the Master who is to read Prayers to them betwixt 50 and 60 l. per An. He was likewise a Benefactor to if not Founder of the School there 〈◊〉 The Levels or Marshes mention'd by our Author especially eastward and north-east of Thorn a market town are generally a Turf-moor in other places intermix'd with arable and pasture grounds By reason of the many Meres it was formerly well-stor'd with f esh-water fish especially Eels and Fowl But in the reign of King Charles 1. several Gentlemen undertook to drain this morish and fenny country by drawing some large rivers with other smaller cuts There is an angle cut from about Thorne to Gowle which is ten miles in length and extraordinary broad As to what our Author observes of the ground being heav'd up Dr. Johnston affirms he has spoke with several old men who told him that the Turf-moor betwixt Thorn and Gowle was so much higher before the draining especially in winter-time than they are now that before they could see little of the Church-steeple whereas now they can see the Church-yard wall Under the Turf-earth and other grounds from one yard to two yards deep are frequently dug up great quantities of firr-wood and some oaks the wood of the latter being very black At low water the foresaid learned Doctor has often observ'd in the great cut to Gowle-sluce several roots of trees some very large standing upright others inclining to the east some of the trees have been found lying along with their roots fasten'd others seem'd as if cut or burnt and broke off from the roots Upon the digging of these large rivers there were found gates ladders hammers shoes nuts c. and the land in some places was observ'd to lay in ridges and furrows as if it had been plow'd Under some part of the Turf-more firm earth was found but in other places nothing but sand About thirty years since they met with the entire body of a man at the bottom of a Turf-pit about four yards deep with his head northward his hair and nails not decay'd Dr. Johnsâ—â—on has the hand and the arm to the elbow who by laying it in warm water softned it so tho' otherwise like tann'd leather that he took out the bones which were spungy 'T is said that in the cut-river to Gowle there was found a Roman Coyn either of Domitian or Trajan m After the river Don our next direction is the river Calder near which lyes Bradley Bradley famous for the nativity of Sir Henry Savil brother to Sir John mention'd by Mr. Camden Warden of Merton-College and Provost of Eaton the noble editor of St. Chrysostome n At some distance from this river is Halifax Halifax to which town and parish Mr. Nathaniel Waterhouse by Will dated the first of July 1642. was an eminent Benefactor †Extraâ—t of his Will by providing an House for the Lecturer an Hospital for 12 aged poor and a Work-house for 20 children the Overseer whereof is to have 45 l. per An. and a yearly Salary to the preaching Ministers of the 12 Chapelries which with moneys for repair of the banks amounts to 300 l. per Ann. Brian Crowther Clothier gave also 10 l. per An. to the poor and 20 l. per An. to the Free-school of Queen Elizabeth in the Vicarage of Halifax In this Church is interr'd the heart of William Rokeby of the Rokebys of Kirk-Sandal by Doncaster where he was born Vicar of Halifax and person of Sandall afterwards Bishop of Meath and Arch-biâ—hop of Dublin where dying the 29th of Nov. 1521. he order'd his bowels to be bury'd at Dublin his heart at Halifax and his body at Sandall and over each a Chapel to be built which was perform'd accordingly The vast growth and increase of this town may be guess'd at from this instance which appears in a MS. of Mr. John Brearcliff's of one John Waterhouse Esq born An. 1443. He was Lord of the Manour and liv'd nigh a hundred years in the beginning of whose time there were in Halifax but 13 houses which in 123 years were increas'd to above 520 householders that kept fires and answer'd the Vicar An. 1566. It is honour'd by giving title to the Right Honourable George Lord Savile of Eland Earl and Marquiss of Halifax and with the nativity of Dr. John Tillotson Arch-bishop of Canterbury So that this West-riding of Yorkshire has the honour of both the Metropolitans of our Nation Dr. John Sharp Archbishop of York being born in the neighbouring town and contiguous parish of Bradford where Mr. Peter Sunderland of an ancient family at High-Sunderland nigh Halifax besides other benefactions founded a Lecture and endow'd it with 40 l. per An. But nothing is more remarkable than their methods of proceeding against Felons The Law of Halifax which in short was this That if a Felon was taken within the Liberty with Goods stoln out of the Liberties or Precincts of the Forest of Hardwick he should after three Markets or Meeting-days within the town of Halifax next after his apprehension be taken to the Gibbet there and have his head cut off from his body But then the fact must be certain for he must either be taken
called Balineum as appears from this Inscription which was hence convey'd to Connington to the house of the most famous and learned Sir Robert Cotton Knight DAE .. FORTVNAE Instead of Deae Fortunae VIRIVS LVPVS LEG AVG PR PR BALINEVM VI IGNIS EXVST VM COH I. THR ACVM REST ITVIT CVRANTE VAL. FRON TONE PRAE F EQ ALAE VETTO Here I must correct an errour in those who from a false draught of this Inscription which has it Balingium corruptly for Balineum imagine the place to have been call'd Balingium whereas upon a close inspection it is plainly Balineum in the stone a word used for Balneum by the ancients as the learned know very well who are not ignorant that Baths were as much us'd by the Souldiers as any others both for the sake of health and cleanliness for daily in that age they were wont to wash before they eat and also that Baths both publick and private were built at such a lavish rate every where Seneca See Flintshire that any one thought himself poor and mean that had not the walls of his Bath adorn'd with great and costly * Orbibus Rosses In these men and women washed promiscuously together tho' that was often prohibited both by the Laws of the Emperours and Synodical Decrees In the decline of the Roman Empire a †Numerus Exploratorum Band of the Exploratores with their Praefect under the command of the * Dacis Britanniae Captain of Britain had their station here as is manifest from the Notitia where it is nam'd Lavatres Now seeing these Baths were also call'd Lavacra by the Latins perhaps some Critick or other will imagine that this place was call'd Lavatrae instead of Lavacra yet I should rather derive it from that little river running hard by which I hear is call'd Laver. This modern name Bowes seeing the old Town was burnt to the ground according to a tradition among the Inhabitants seems to me to be deriv'd from that accident For that which is burnt with fire is call'd by the Britains Boeth and so the Suburbs of Chester beyond the Dee call'd by the English Hanbridge is nam'd by the Welsh or Britains from its being burnt down in a Welsh in-road Treboth that is a little town burnt Here begins that mountainous and vast tract always expos'd to winds and rain which from its being rough and stony is call'd by the Inhabitants Stanemore Stanemore for it is quite throughout solitary but for one Inn in the middle of it for the entertainment of Travellers 5 Call'd the Spittle on Stane more Spittle on Stanemore and near this is the remainder of a Cross which we call Rere-cross Rere-cross and the Scots Rei-cross that is a Royal Cross Hector Boetius a Scotchman says this stone was set as a boundary between England and Scotland when William the first gave Cumberland to the Scots upon this condition that they should hold it of him by fealty and attempt nothing that might be to the prejudice of the Crown of England Somewhat lower just by the Roman Military way was a small Roman Fort of a square form which is now call'd Maiden-castle Maiden-castle From hence as I had it from the Borderers this Military Roman way went with many windings to Caer Vorran As the favour of Princes inclin'd there have been several Earls of Richmond Earls of Richmond and of different families of whom with as much accuracy and clearness as I can I will give this following account in their due order 6 The first Earls were out of the house of Little Britain in France whose descent is confusedly intricate amongst their own Writers for that there were two principal Earls at once one of Haulte Britain and another of Base Britain for many years and every one of their children had their part in Gavelkind and were stil'd Earls of Britain without distinction But of these the first Earl of Richmond according to our Writings and Records was Alane sirnam'd Feregaunt that is The Red son of Hoel Earl of Britain descended from Hawise great Aunt to William the Conquerour who gave this Country unto him by name of the Lands of Earl Eadwin in Yorkshire and withal bestowed his daughter upon him by whom he had no issue He built Richmond-castle as is before specified to defend himself from disinherited and out-law'd English men in those parts and dying left Britain to his son Conan le Grosse by a second wife But Alane the Black son of Eudo son of Geffrey Earl of Britain and Hawise aforesaid succeeded in Richmond and he having no child left it to Stephen his brother This Stephen begat Alane sirnam'd Le Sâ—vage his son and successour who assisted King Stephen against Maude the Empress in the battel at Lincoln and married Bertha one of the heirs of Conan le Gross Earl of Hault Britain by whom he had Conan le Perit Earl of both Britains by hereditary right as well as of Richmond He by the assistance of K. Henry the second of England dispossessed Eudo Vicount of Porhoet his father-in-law who usurp'd the title of Britain in right of the said Bertha his wife and ended his life leaving only one daughter Constance by Margaret sister to Malcolme King of the Scots Geffrey third son to King Henry the second of England was advanced by his father to the marriage of the said Constance whereby he was Earl of Britain and Richmond and begat of her Arthur who succeeded him and as the French write was made away by King John his Uncle Alan Rufus Earl of Britain in Armorica Alan Niger to whom William the Conquerour gave this shire Stephen Earl of Britain his brother Alan Earl of Britain About this time Overus de St. Martino is mention'd as Earl of Richmond the son of Stephen Conanus Earl of Britain his son who by the assistance of Henry the second King of England recover'd Britain from his Father-in-law the Sheriff of Porhoet possessed of it Geoffrey Plantagenet son of Henry the second King of England who first married Constantia only daughter of Conanus Arthur his son who is said to have been made away by King John Upon this account John was certainly impeach'd by the French as Duke of Normandy who pass'd Sentence upon him tho' he was absent unheard had made no confession and was not convict Normandâ— taken froâ— the King 〈◊〉 England so they adjudg'd him depriv'd of Normandy and his hereditary Lands in France Whereas he had publickly promis'd to stand to the judgment of Paris and answer to the death of Arthur who as his liege subject had taken an oath of Allegiance to him yet had broken the same raised a rebellion and was taken prisoner in the war In these times the question was bandied Whether the Peers of France could be Judges of a King anointed and by consequence their Superiour seeing every greater dignity as it
and Darwent and also in these five Townships Brigham Eglysfeld Dene Brainthwaite and Grisothen and in the two Clistons and Staneburne He infeoffed also Odardus le Clerk in the fourth part of Crostwaite pro Custodia Asturcorum c Austurcorum MS. B. suorum i.e. for keeping his Goshawkes Galfridus de Meschins Earl of Chester dy'd without issue and thereupon Ranulphus de Meschins became Earl of Chestre and surrender'd to the King all the County of Cumberland on this condition That all those that held Lands of him in Fee should hold of the King in Capite The foresaid Waldevus son of Earl Gospatricius infeoffed Odardus de Logis in the Barony of Wygton Dondryt Waverton Blencogo and Kirkbride which Odardus de Logis founded the Church of Wygton and gave to Odardus son of Liolfe Tulentyre and Castlerige with the Forest between Caltre and Greta and to the Prior and Convent of Gisburne he gave Appleton and Bricekirk with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Adam son of Liolfe Uldendale and Gilcruce and to Gemellus son of Brun Bothill and to Waldevus son of Gileminius with Ethreda his sister he gave Brogham Ribton and Litle Brogham and Donwaldese and Bowaldese ad unam Logiam for a Lodge or House for a Ranger He gave also to Ormus son of Ketellus Seton Camberton Flemingbi Craiksothen in marriage with Gurwelda his sister And to Dolfinus son of Abwaldus with Matilda another sister he gave Appletwhaite and Litle Crosby Langrige and Brigham with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Melbeth his Physician the Town of Bromefeld saving to himself the Advowson of the Church there Alanus son and heir of the said Waldevus gave to Ranulphus Lyndsey Blenerhasset and Ukmanby with Ethereda his sister To Uthrdeus son of Fergus Lord of Galloway in marriage with Gurnelda d Gunilda MS. B. his other sister he gave Torpenhow with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Catellus de Spenser e Le Despenser MS. B. Threpeland He gave also to Herbert the Manour of Thuresby for the third part of a Township He gave also to Gospatricius son of Ormus High Ireby for the third part of a Township He gave also to Gamellus le Brun f Isal Rugh MS. B. Rughtwaite for a third part of a Township He gave also to Radulphus Engaine Issael with the Appurtenances and Blencrake with the Service of Newton And the same Alanus had one Bastard-brother nam'd Gospatricius to whom he gave Boulton Bastinthwaite and Esterholme And to Odardus he gave Newton with the Appurtenances And to his three Huntsmen Sleth g Selif MS. B. and his Companions Hayton To Uctredus he gave one Carrucat of Land in Aspatrike on condition that he should be his Summoner Summonitor in Allerdale He gave also to Delfinus six Bovates or Oxgang of Land in High-Crossby that he should be Serviens D. Regis the King's Serjeant in Allerdale And to Simon de Shestelyngs he gave one Moiety of Deram And to Dolfinus son of Gospatricius the other Moiety He gave also to Waldevus son of Dolfinus Brakanthwaite And to the Priory of S. Bega he gave Stainburne And to the Priory of Carliol he gave the body of Waldevus his son with the Holy Cross which they have yet in possession and Crossby with the Advowson of the Church there with the Service that Uctredus owed him and also the Advowson of the Church of Aspatrike with the Service of Alanus de Brayton He gave them also the Advowson of the Church of Ireby with the Suit and Service of Waldevus de Langthwaite The same Alanus son of Waldevus gave to King Henry h D. H. Regi Seniori MS. B. the Fields of the Forest of Allerdale with liberty to hunt whenever he should lodge at Holme-Cultrane To this Alanus succeeded William son of Duncane Earl of Murrayse Nephew and Heir to the said Alanus as being son to Ethreda sister to his father Waldevus The foresaid William son of Duncanus espoused Alicia daughter of Robert de Rumeney Lord of Skipton in Craven which Robert had married a daughter of Meschins i Willielmi de Meschins MS. B. Lord of Coupland This William had by this Alicia his wife a son call'd William de Egremond who dy'd under age and three daughters The eldest nam'd Cicilia k Seff MS. B. and Silitia being a Ward was married by King Henry to William le Gross Earl of Albemarle with the Honour of Skipton for her Dower The second nam'd Amabilla was married to Reginald de Luce with the Honour of Egremond by the same King Henry And the third nam'd Alicia de Romelic was married to Gilbert Pipard with Aspatrike and the Barony of Allerdale and the Liberty of Cokermouth by the said King Henry and afterwards by the Queen to Robert de Courtney but she dy'd without heirs of her body William le Gross Earl of Albemarlie had by his wife Cicilia Harwisia l Hatewisia to whom succeeded William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarlie to whom succeeded another William de Fortibus to whom succeeded Avelina who was espoused to Lord Edmond brother to King Edward and dy'd without heirs c. Reginald de Luce by Amabilla his wife had m Richardum de Lucy Amabillum Aliciam Alicia To Amabilla succeeded Lambert de Multon To him succeeded Thomas Multon de Egremond And to Alicia succeeded Thomas de Luce n Quae sequuntur desunt MS. B. to whom succeeded Thomas his son who was succeded by Anthony his Brother More rare Plants growing wild in Westmoreland and Cumberland Lan. Eruca Monensis laciniata lutea Jagged yellow Rocket of the Isle of Man In Sella fields Sea-bank found growing abundantly by Mr. Lawson Echium marinum P. B. Sea-Bugloss On the Sea-shore near White-haven plentifully Mr. Newton W. Gladiolus lacustris Dortmanni Clus cur post Water Gilly-flower or Gladiole In the Lake call'd Hulls-water which parteth Westmoreland and Cumberland Orobus sylvaticus nostras English Wood-vetch At Gamblesby about six miles from Pereth in the way to New-castle in the hedges and pastures plentifully Vitis Idaea magna quibusdam sive Myrtillus grandis J. B. Idaea foliis subrotundis exalbidis C.B. Idaea foliis subrotundis major Ger. Vaccinai nigra fructu majore Park The great Bilberry-bush In the same place with the precedent but where the ground is moist and marshy An Additional account of some more rare Plants observ'd to grow in Westmoreland and Cumberland by Mr. Nicolson Arch-deacon of Carlisle Cannabis spuria fl magno albo perelegante About Blencarn in the parish of Kirkland Cumberland Equisetum nudum variegatum minus In the meadows near Great Salkeld and in most of the like sandy grounds in Cumberland Geranium Batrachoides longiùs radicatum odoratum In Mardale and Martindale Westm Hesperis Pannonica inodora On the banks of the Rivulets about Dalehead in Cumberland and Grassmire im Westmoreland
and sent for Aidan a Scotchman to instruct his people in the Christian Religion The place where the Victory was obtain'd was afterwards call'd Heafenfeld â—â—fâ—nfeld â— Haleâ— or Heaven field which now in the same sense as some will have it is nam'd Haledon Whereon Oswalds Life gives us the following piece of Meter Tunc primùm scivit causam cur nomen haberet Heafenfeld hoc est coelestis Campus illi Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gentis Praeteritae tanquam belli praesaga futuri Nominis Caussam mox assignavit ibidem Coelitùs expugnans coelestis turba scelestam Neve senectutis ignavia posset honorem Tam celebris delere loci tantique Triumphi Ecclesiae Fratres Haugustaldensis adesse Devoti Christúmque solent celebrare quotannis Quóque loci persestat honos in honore beati Oswaldi Regis ibi construxere Capellam And now he understood whence Heavenfeld came Call'd in old time by that prophetick name For now the reason of the name was given When Hell 's vile Troops were overcome by Heaven But least devouring Ages should deface The glorious triumph of the sacred place The Monks of old Hagustald every year Do meet and joyn in their devotions here And that great Oswald's fame should never dye They 've rais'd a Chapel to his memory And another for his Commendation well enough for the barbarous Age he liv'd in writes thus Quis fuit Alcides Quis Caesar Julius Aut quis Magnus Alexander Alcides se superâsse Fertur Alexander Mundum sed Julius hostem Se simul Oswaldus Mundum vicit hostem m Caesar and Hercules applaud thy fame And Alexander owns thy greater name Tho' one himself one foes and one the world o're-came Great conquests all but bounteous Heav'n in thee To make a greater joyn'd the former three Below S. Oswald's both Tines meet after South-Tine which goes along with the Wall at about two miles distance from it has pass'd by Langley-Castle where formerly 〈◊〉 Neâ— in the Reign of King John Adam de Tindale had his Barony which afterwards descended upon Nicholas de Bolteby and was lately in the possession of the Percies and has slidden under a tottering and crazy wooden Bridge at Aidon And now the whole Tine being well grown and still encreasing presses foward in one Chanel for the Ocean running by Hexam Hexam which Bede calls Haugustald and the Saxons Hextoldesham That this was the Axelodunum Axelâ—dunum of the Romans where the first Cohort of the Spaniards were in garison the name implies and so does its situation on the rising of a hill for the Britains call'd such a Mount Dunum Dunum But take an account of this place from Richard its Prior who liv'd above five hundred years ago n Not far from the Southern bank of the river Tine stands a Town of a small extent indeed at present and but thinly inhabited but as the remaining marks of its ancient state will testifie heretofore very large and magnificent This place is call'd Hextoldesham from the little rivulet of Hextold which runs by and sometimes suddenly overflows it In the year 675. Etheldreda wife to King Egfrid assign'd it for an Episcopal See to S. Wilfrid who built here a Church which for a curious and most beautiful Fabrick surpass'd all the Monasteries in England See also what Malmesbury has written of it This was Crown-Land till Bishop Wilfrid chang'd others for it with Queen Etheldreda 'T was wonderful to see what towering Buildings were there erected how admirably contriv'd with winding stairs by Masons brought in prospect of his great Liberality from Rome Insomuch that they seem'd to vye with the Roman pomp and long out-struggled even time it self At which time King Egfrid made this little City a Bishop's Seat But that Honour after the i There were twelve several Bishops of Hexham besides S. Cuthbert who might brobably be reckon'd for a thirteenth For he is said to have been both elected and consâ—crated to â—hat See though he did not think fit to take the charge upon him eighth Bishop was wholly lost the Danish wars prevailing Afterwards it was only reckon'd a Manour of the Archbishop's of York till they parted with their right in an exchange made with Henry the eighth 'T is also famous for the bloody Battel wherein John Nevil Lord Montacute very bravely engag'd and as fortunately vanquish'd the Generals of the House of Lancaster and for so doing was created Earl of Northumberland by Edward the fourth At present its only glory is the old Monastery part whereof is turn'd into the fair house of k It was since part of the estate of Sir John Fenwick who sold it to Sir William Blacket of Newcastle Baronet Sir J. Foster Knight The West-end of the Church is demolish'd The rest stands still entire and is a very stately Structure in the Quire whereof may be seen an old Tomb of a Person of Honour of the Martial Family of the Umfranvils Men buried cross legg'd as his Coat of Arms witnesses lying with his Legs across By the way in that posture it was then the custom to bury such only as had taken the Cross upon them being under that Banner engag'd in the Holy War for the recovery of the Holy-Land out of the Hands of the Mahometans Near the East-end of the Church on a rising brow stand two strong Bulwarks of hew'n-stone which I was told belong to the Archbishop of York From hence Eastward we pass'd on to Dilston Dilston the Seat of the Ratcliffs call'd in old Books Devilston from a small brook which here empties it self into Tine and which Bede names Devil's burn where as he writes Oswald arm'd with Christian Faith in a fair field slew Cedwall the Britain Bede l 3. c. 1 that wretched Tyrant who before had slain two Kings of Northumberland and miserably wasted their Country o On the other bank of Tine stands Curia Ottadinorum mention'd by Ptolemy Ninius calls it Curia which by the distances should seem to be Antonine's l Read Corstopilum For so says H. Surita's Edition both in the Text and Comment Corstopitum 't is now call'd Corbridge Corbridge from the Bridge here built by Hoveden Corobrige and by Henry of Huntingdon Cure At this day it has nothing remarkable but a Church and a little Tower-house built and inhabited by the Vicars of the place Yet there are many ruins of ancient buildings Treasure sought in vain Hoveden Tacitus amongst which King John search'd for some old hidden Treasure but Fortune favour'd him no more in this vain quest than she did Nero in his Enquiries after the conceal'd riches of Dido at Carthage For he found nothing but stones mark'd with Brass Iron Lead p Whoever views the neighbouring heap of rubbish which is now call'd Colecester Colecester will readily conclude it to have been a Roman Fort. Upon the same bank we saw the fair Castle of Biwell
Oxford â—â—ede Upon this shore there is nothing further worth mentioning except Holy-Island of which in its due place till we come to the mouth of Twede which for a long way divides England from Scotland and is call'd the Eastern March Whereupon thus our Country-man Necham 6 Insinuating that the hither part of Scotland was call'd Pict-land Anglos à Pictis sejungit limite certo Flumen quod Tuedam pristina lingua vocat The Picts are sever'd from the English ground By Twede so call'd of old a certain bound This river rises in a large stream out of the Mountains of Scotland and afterwards takes a great many turns among the Moss-Troopers and Drivers to give them no worse name who as one expresses it determine Titles by dint of Sword When it comes near the village of Carram â—â—â—ram being encreas'd with many other waters it begins to distinguish the Confines of the Kingdoms â—k and having pass'd Werk-Castle sometime enjoy'd by the Rosses and now by the Greys who have been long a Family of great valour and frequently assaulted by the Scots is inlarg'd by the river of Till This river has two names For at its rise which is further within the body of this County 't is call'd Bramish â—â—â—mish and on it stands Bramton â—â—â—mton a little obscure and inconsiderable Village cc Hence it runs Northward by Bengely which together with Brampton Bromdum Rodam which gave name to a Family of good note in these parts Edelingham c. was the Barony of Patrick Earl of Dunbar in the reign of Henry the third Doomsday-Book says he was Inborow and Outborow betwixt England and Scotland that is if I understand it right he was here to watch and observe the ingress and egress of all Travellers between the two Kingdoms â—â—â—row â—t For in the old English Language Inborou is an Ingress or Entry More North upon the river stands Chevelingham or Chillingham which was a Castle that belong'd to one Family of the Greys as Horton-Castle did to another dd But those two are now match'd into one Near this is the Barony of Wollover â—llover which King Henry the first gave to Robert de Musco-campo or Muschamp â—â—s of the â—â—â—champs who bare Azure three Butterflyes Argent From him descended another Robert who in the reign of Henry the third was reckon'd the mightiest Baron in all these Northern parts But the Inheritance soon after was divided and shared among women â— 35 H. 3. whereof one was marry'd to the Earl of Strathern in Scotland another to William de Huntercombe and a third to Odonel de Ford ee Soon after Till is encreas'd by the river of Glen which gives the name of Glendale â—â—â—ndale to the Valley through which it runs Of this rivulet Bede gives us the following account c The Saxon Paraphrase gives us a further direction besides what we have from the river Glen for the finding out the place there mention'd by telling us that Tha stowe sindon on Beornica magthe i.e. Those places are in the Country of the Bernicians Which is a full refutation of what Bede is made to say before That King Oswald first brought Christianity into that Kingdom â—2 c. 14. Paulinus coming with the King and Queen to the Royal Manour of Ad-gebrin 't is now call'd Yeverin stay'd there with them six and thirty days â—erin which he spent in the duties of Catechising and Baptizing For from morning till night his whole business was to instruct the Country People that flock'd to him from all places and villages round in the Principles of Christianity and after they were so instructed to baptize them in the neighbouring river of Glen This Manour-house was disus'd by the following Kings and another erected in its stead at Melmin now Melfeld Melfeld Here at Brumford near Brumridge King Athelstan fought a pitch'd Battel against Anlaf the Dane Battel of Brumford See H. Hunting d. Will. Malmesb. and Ingulphus Constantine King of Scots and Eugenius petty King of Cumberland ff wherein he had such success that the Engagement is describ'd by the Historians and Poets of that Age in extraordinary Raptures of Wit and 7 In barbarous Latin Holland It might have been in Heathen-Greek for any thing he knew The whole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is only in good old English See the Saxon Chron. in the year 938. Bombast In this place the name of Bramish is lost in Till which first passes by Ford-Castle Ford. heretofore the property of the valiant Family of the Herons now of the Carrs and Etal Etal formerly the seat of the Family of d Mr. H. Collingwood of Brankerton has Deeds by him whereby it appears that Etal was in the possession of his Ancestors of the same name in the reign of Edward the sixth Manours or de Maneriis which was long since of a knightly rank and out of which the present Right Honourable Earls of Rutland are descended I wittingly omit many Castles in this Country for 't were endless to recount them all since 't is certain that in the days of Henry the second there were 1115 Castles in England 1115. Castles in England Over against this Ford Westward rises the high Mountain of Floddon 8 Near Bramton Battel of Floddon 1513. famous for the overthrow of James the fourth King of Scots and his Army who while King Henry the eighth lay at the siege of Tournay in France with a great deal of Courage and a greater deal of Hopes for before they began their March they had divided our Towns among them invaded England Here Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey with a good Army bravely receiv'd him The Dispute was obstinate on both sides till the night parted them unable still to determine which way Victory inclin'd But the next day discover'd both the Conquerour and the Vanquish'd and the King of Scots himself being mortally wounded in several places was found among the heaps of the slain Whence a new Addition was given to the Arms of the Howards 9 As I have formerly specified Twede encreas'd by Till runs now in a larger stream by Norham Norham or Northam which was formerly call'd Ubban-ford The Town belongs to the Bishops of Durham For Bishop Egfrid built it and his Successor Ralph erected the Castle on the top of a steep rock and moted it round In the utmost Wall and largest in Circuit are plac'd several Turrets on a Canton towards the river within which there is a second Enclosure much stronger than the former and in the middle of that again rises a high Keep But the well-establish'd Peace of our times has made these Forts to be long neglected notwithstanding that they are placed upon the very Borders gg Under the Castle on a Level Westward lyes the Town and Church wherein was buried Ceolwulph King Ceolwulph King of Northumberland to whom Venerable Bede
dedicated his Books of the Ecclesiastical History of England and who afterwards Rog. Hoveden renouncing the World took upon him the habit of a Monk in the Church of Lindisfern and listed himself a Souldier of the Kingdom of Heaven his body being afterwards translated to the Church of Northam When also the Danes had miserably wasted the Holy Issand wherein S. Cuthbert so much magnified by Bede was Bishop and lay buried some endeavour'd by a religious stealth to convey his body beyond Sea but the winds standing contrary they with all due reverence deposited the sacred Body at * The printed Books have corruptly Bulbeford Will. Malmesb de Gest Pont. lib. 1. Ubbanford whether a Bishop's See or no is uncertain near the river Twede where it lay for many years till the coming of King Ethelred This and other matters were taught me for I shall always own my Instructors by George Carlton born at this place being son to the Keeper of Norham-Castle whom for his excellent Proficiency in Divinity whereof he is Professor and other polite Learning I love and am lov'd by him and I were unworthy of that love if I should not acknowledge his Friendship The old people told us that at Killey Killay a little neighbouring Village below Norham were found within the memory of our Grandfathers the studds of a Knight's Belt A golden Hilt and the hilt of a Sword of massie Gold which were presented to T. Ruthall Bishop of Durham A little lower you have the mouth of Twede on the farther bank whereof stands Berwick Berwick the last Town in England and best fortify'd in all Britain hh Some derive the name of this Town from one Berengarius a Romantick Duke Leland fetches it from Aber the British word for the mouth of a river and so makes Aberwick to signifie a Fort built upon such a mouth But they will best understand the true etymology of it who know what is meant by the word Berwicus in the Charters of our Kings Ingulphus renders Berwicus a Mannour wherein nothing's more common than I give the Townships of C. and D. cum suis Berwicis ii For my part what it should mean I know not unless it be a Hamlet or some such dependency upon a place of better note For in the Grants of Edward the Confessor Totthill is call'd the Berwicus of Westminster Wandlesworth the Berwicus of Patricksey and a thousand of the like But why all this pains 'T is lost labour if as some maintain the Saxons call'd it anciently Beornica-ƿic that is the Town of the Bernicians for that this part of the Country was call'd Bernicia we have already noted and the thing is too well known to be here repeated But whence ever it had its name its situation carries it a good way into the sea so that that and the Twede almost incircle it Being seated betwixt two mighty Kingdoms as Pliny observes of Palmyra in Syria it has always been the first place that both Nations in their wars have had an eye on insomuch that ever since Edward the first wrung it out of the Scotch hands the English have as often retaken it as the Scots have ventur'd to seize it But if the Reader pleases we will here give him a summary abstract of its History The oldest account I find of Berwick is that William King of Scots being taken prisoner by the English pawn'd it for his ransom to our Henry the second redeemable only within such a time kk Whereupon says the Polychronicon of Durham Henry immediately fortify'd it with a Castle But Richard the first restor'd it to the Scots upon their payment of the money Afterwards King John as the History of Melross reports took the Town and Castle of Berwick at the same time that he burnt Werk Roxburgh Mitford and Morpath and with his Rutars wasted all Northumberland because the Barons of that county had done homage to Alexander King of Scots at Feltun A great many years after this when John Baliol King of Scotland had broken his Oath Edward the first reduc'd Berwick in the year of our Lord 1297. But soon after the fortune of war favouring the Scots our men quitted it and they seiz'd it but the English forthwith had it surrender'd to them again Afterwards in the loose reign of Edward the second Peter Spalding surrender'd it to Robert Brus King of Scots who warmly besieg'd it and the English vainly attempted its recovery till our Hector Edward the third bravely carry'd it in the year 1333. In the reign of Richard the second some Scottish Moss-troopers surpriz'd the Castle which within nine days was recover'd by Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland Within seven years after this the Scots regain'd it but by purchace not by their valour Whereupon the said Henry Percie being then Governour of the Town was accus'd of High-treason but he also corrupted the Scots with money and so got it again A long time after this when England was almost spent in civil wars Henry the sixth being already fled into Scotland deliver'd it up to the King of Scots the better to secure himself in that Kingdom Two and twenty years after Thomas Stanley with a great loss of men reduc'd it to the obedience of Edward the fourth Since which time the Kings of England have several times fortify'd it with new works but especially Queen Elizabeth who lately to the terrour of the enemy and security of the Burghers hath drawn it into a less compass than before and surrounded it with a high stone wall of firm Ashler work which is again strengthen'd with a deep ditch bastions and counterscarp so that its fortifications are so strong and regular that no besiegers can hope to carry it hereafter Not to mention the valour of the Garrison and the surprizing plenty of Ammunition and all warlike stores Be it also remember'd that the Governour of this place was alwaies a person of the greatest wisdom and eminence among the English Nobility and was also Warden of these eastern Marches The Mathematicians have plac'd this Town in 21 degrees and 43 minutes of longitude and in 55 and 48 of northern latitude So that the longest day in this climate consists of seventeen hours and 22 minutes and its night has only six hours and 38 minutes Brita has 〈◊〉 of Day So truly has Servius Honoratus written of this Country Britain says he has such plenty of day that she has hardly any room for night Nor is it a wonder that the Souldiers of this Garrison are able to play all night at dice without a candle if we consider their thorow twilight and the truth of Juvenal's expression Minimâ contentos nocte Britannos Britains with shortest nights content Take at parting J. Jonston's Verses upon Berwick Scotorum extremo sub limite Meta furoris Saxonidum gentis par utriusque labor Mille vices rerum quae mille est passa ruinas Mirum quî potuit tot superesse
V. M. Who this Apollo Grannus was and whence he had this denomination no one Antiquary to the best of my knowledge has ever yet told us But if I that am of the lowest form may give my sentiments I should say that Apollo Grannus amongst the Romans was the same as the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is having long locks For Isidore calleth the long hair of the Goths Granni But this may be lookt upon as foreign to my business Something lower near the Scottish Frith stands Edenborough â—â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh called by the Irish-Scots Dun-Eaden that is Eaden Town which without doubt is the same that Ptolemy calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Castrum Alatum the winged Castle for Edenborough signifies certainly the same as Winged Castle Adain in the British denoting a Wing and Edenborough from a word compounded of the British and Saxon Tongue is nothing else but the Winged Borough From Wings therefore we are to derive its name which if you think good may be done either from those Squadrons of horse which are called Wings or else from those Wings which the Greek Architects call Pteromata that is as Vitruvius tells us two walls so rising up in height that they bear a resemblance of Wings For want of these a certain City of Cyprus was antiently as we read in the Geographers called Aptera that is Wingless But if any man hath a mind to believe it took its name from Ebrauk a Britain or from Heth a Pict he may for me I shall not be against it This City in regard of its more eminent situation the goodness of the air and fertility of the soil many of the Nobilities lofty Seats lying all round it its being water'd with excellent Springs and reaching from East to West a mile in length and half as much in breadth is justly counted the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom strongly walled adorned with publick and private buildings well peopled and frequented for the advantage of the Sea which the neighbouring Port at Leith affords And as it is honoured with the King's residence so is it the sacred repository of the Laws and chief tribunal of Justice For the high Court of Parliament is generally held here for the enacting or repealing of Laws as also the Session and the Courts of the King's Justice and of the Commissariat whereof I have already spoken are here settled On the East side joyning to Holy-Rood-Monastery stands the Palace Royal built by King David the first over which within a Park stored with game hangs a double-topt mountain called Arthur's Chair from Arthur the Britain On the West side there mounts up a rock to a mighty height steep and inaccessible on all sides but that which looks towards the City upon which a Castle stands so strongly fortified with a number of Towers that it is look'd upon as impregnable This the Britains called Castle Myned Agned the Scots the Maidens Castle and the Virgins Castle because the Princesses of the Blood-Royal of the Picts were here kept and the same may really be lookt upon as the Castrum Alatum or Winged Castle abovementioned How Edenborough by the vicissitudes of war has been subject sometimes to the Scots sometimes to the Saxons who inhabited this Eastern part of Scotland until it became wholly under the Scots Dominion in the year of our Lord 960. when the English Empire under the convulsions of the Danish Wars lay as it were expiring How likewise as it is in an old Book Of the Division of Scotland in the Library of the Right Honourable my Lord Burleigh late High-Treasurer of England In the Reign of Indulph Eden Town was * Vacuatum quitted and abandonned to the Scots to this present day and what different turns of fortune it felt afterwards the Historians relate from whom you are to be informed †In the mean time you may read See a fuller description of this place in the Additions if you please the ingenious Johnston's Verses in praise of Edenborough Monte sub acclivi Zephyri procurrit in auras Hinc Arx celsa illinc Regia clara nitet Inter utramque patet sublimibus ardua tectis Urbs armis animis clara frequensque viris Nobile Scotorum caput pars maxima regni Paenè etiam gentis integra Regna suae Rarae artes opes quod mens optaverit aut hic Invenias aut non Scotia tota dabit Compositum hic populum videas sanctumque senatum Sanctaque cum puro lumine jura Dei An quisquam Arctoi extremo in limite mundi Aut haec aut paria his cernere posse putet Dic Hospes postquam externas lustraveris urbes Haec cernens oculis credis an ipse tuis Beneath a Western hill's delightful brow The Castle hence and hence the Court we view The stately town presents it self between Renown'd for arms for courage and for men The kingdom's noblest part the lofty head Or the whole kingdom of the Scottish breed Wealth arts and all that anxious minds desire Or not in Scotland or you meet with here The people sober grave the Senate show The worship pure the faith divinely true In the last borders of the Northern coast What rival land an equal sight can boast These glories Trav'ler when at last you see Say if you don't mistrust your wondring eye And think it transport all and extasy A mile from hence lieth Leith Leith an excellent Haven upon the River Leith which when Monsieur Dessie had fortified with works to secure Edenborough by the conflux of people thither from a mean Village p It has in it several Manufactures it grew to a large Town Again when the French King Francis 2. had married Queen Mary of Scotland the French who then made themselves sure of Scotland and began now to gape after England in the year 1560 strengthned it with more fortifications But Q. Elizabeth of England upon the solicitation of the Scotch Nobility of the Puritan party effected by her wisdom and authority that both they retuâ—ned into France and these their fortifications were levell'd with the ground and Scotland ever since hath had little cause to fear the French e. In the mid'st of this Frith where it begins by degrees to contract it self there stood as Bede noteth the City Caer-Guidi Caer-Guidi which seems now to be Inch-Keith-Island Whether this be the Victoria mentioned by Ptolemy I will not now dispute though a man might be easily induced to believe that the Romans turn'd this Guith into Victoria as our Isle Guith or Wight into Victesis and Vecta Certainly since both these are broken from the shore there is the same reason for the name in both languages For Ninius informs us that Guith in the British Tongue signifies a breaking off or separation Upon the same Frith more inwardly lies Abercorne a famous Monastery in Bede's time which now by the favour of King James 6. gives the Title of Earl to James
great men than any conduct or bravery of the Enemies The most considerable Houses Houses are Brocksmouth the chief residence of the Earl of Roxburgh Tiningham the residence of the Earl of Hadington near which there is a quarry of Marble Seaton and Winton the houses of the Earl of Winton The Templars and after them the Knights of Rhodes and Malta had a residence in this Shire at St. Germains It has at present two Presbyteries of Hadington and Dunbar e The Sheriffdom of Edenburgh commonly called Mid-Lothian Mid-Lothian is the principal Shire of the Kingdom and is in length 20 or 21 miles the breadth of it is different according to the several parts in some 16 or 17 miles in others not above 5 or 6. On the south it is bounded with the Sheriffdom of Hadington for 13 miles together on the east with the Baillery of Lauderdale for about four on the south with the Sheriffdom of Twedale for 13 miles on the south-west with the Sheriffdom of Lanerick for 6 or 7 miles and on the west for two miles by the said Sheriffdom on the north-west with the Sheriffdom of Linlithgow for 14 miles and on the north with the Firth or Forth for the space of 8 miles This tract is abundantly furnished with all necessaries producing a great deal of corn of all sorts and affording good pasture for cattle It has very much coal and lime-stone as also a sort of soft black marble and some few miles from Edenburgh near the water of Leith they have a Copper-mine Edenburgh * Theatrum Scotiae p. 7. is not only the most considerable place in those parts but the chief City of the Kingdom of Scotland The Romans could not well have made choice of a better place for a Fortification for the rock on which the present Castle is situated is inaccessible on all sides except the East The first building of a Fort here seems to have given Rise to the town and to have encouraged the neighbours to fix under the protection of it So that the houses and inhabitants by little and little increasing have brought it down to the very foot of the ascent toward the east and made it an entire Scotch mile in length and half a mile in breadth The ascent upon which the City stands has on the north-side a pool call'd the North-Loch and was formerly guarded by another on the south call'd the South-Loch as appears from the leases of some houses of S. Ninian's Row that are let with the privilege of a boat annext But this is drain'd many years ago and upon the banks of it are built two several tracts of houses The City has six Gates the principal whereof to the East was magnificently rebuilt in the year 1616 and adorned with Towers on both sides Two streets run along the whole length of the town The High-street from the Castle to the Abby said to be the broadest in Europe is of late built of hewen stone since by an Act of the Town-Council they have been prohibited to build any more of Timber either in the City or Suburbs upon account of the many Fires which have happened And as the private Buildings Publick Buildings so also the publick do very much exceed those in other parts of that Kingdom In the middle of the City is St. Giles's Church Churches a Cathedral built of hewn stone and adorned with stone pillars and vaultings 'T is so large as to be divided into 3 Churches each whereof has its Parish Besides this Grey-friers they have the South-Church in the Church-yard whereof amongst many other monuments is that of Sir George Mackenzy The Trone-Church built in 1641. The Collegiate Church of the Sacred Trinity built by Mary of Gueldres King James the Second's Queen The Lady Yester's Church built and endowed by one of the Lady Yesters and another very beautiful one built within these 5 years To these we must add two Chapels St. Magdalens and St. Mary's with another at the foot of the Canon-gate Next to these are their Hospitals Hospitals St. Thomas's and Heriot's Hospital In the first the poorer sort of Inhabitants are maintained very handsomly and have their own proper Chaplain The second so called from the founder George Heriot Jeweller to James 6. is a stately Fabrick like a Palace In the inner Frontispiece is the Statue of the Founder erected and round about the houses are pleasant gardens adorned with large Walks and Greens 'T is a Nursery for boys wherein the children of the poorer Citizens have their education till they be fit for the publick Schools and Colleges Other Buildings Near the Cathedral-Chuch is the Parliament-house standing in a great Court which on one side is enclosed with the upper and lower Exchange and with a tract of very stately buildings Here is one of the highest houses perhaps in the world mounting seven stories above the Parliament-Court and being built upon the descent of a hill the back-part is as far below it so that from the bottom to the top one stair-case ascends 14 stories high In the middle of the Court is the Statue of King Charles II. in brass erected upon a stately Pedestal at the charge of the City On the South-side is the College of King James the sixth founded in the year 1580 and endowed with all the Privileges of an University The precincts are very large and the whole is divided into 3 Courts adorned on all sides with excellent buildings two lower and one higher which is as large as both the other They have their publick Schools and a Common-hall wherein Divinity Hebrew and Mathematicks are taught Their Library is well stor'd with printed books and and has some Manuscripts under that is the King's Printing-house The Students have very good accommodation and the Professors neat and handsom Lodgings with very good Gardens for their recreation The Royal-Palace Palace whereof his Grace the Duke of Hamilton is hereditary Keeper hath four Courts The Outer-Court which is as big as all the rest has four principal Entries 'T is on all hands bounded with lovely Gardens on the south lies the King's Park which hath great variety of medicinal plants The Entry of the Palace is adorned with great pillars of hewn stone and a Cùpilo in fashion of a Crown above it The forepart is terminated by four high towers two towards the north erected by King James V. and the rest by King Charles II. The Inner-Court has Piazza's round it all of hewn stone But above all the Long-Gallery is most remarkable being adorned with the pictures of all the Kings of Scotland from Fergus I. About 20 years ago Water the Magistrates were at great expence to bring one of the best Springs of Scotland into the City which they did by leaden Pipes from a Hill at above 3 miles distance And to make it more convenient they have erected several stately Fountains in the middle of the
place of note here perhaps Aire Aire which is a Sheriffdom a little Mart and a well known Port upon a river of the same name * See 〈◊〉 of it iâ— Additâ—ons Concerning which I can meet with nothing better worth my writing than these Verses sent me by Mr. Johnston Parva urbs ast ingens animus in fortibus haeret Inferior nulli nobilitate virum Aëris è campis haurit purissima coelum Incubat miti mollior aura solo Aëria hinc non Aera priùs credo illa vocata est Cum duris quid enim mollia juris habent Infera cum superis quod si componere fas èst Aurea fo rs dici debuit illa prius Small is the town but of great Souls is prowd For courage fam'd and sons of noble blood From th' happy clime pure draughts of air descend And gentle breezes bless the fruitful land Old times if Poets have a right to guess Not Aeria but Aëria call'd the place Rough brass could ne're such soft delights express If I so high might raise my noble theme I 'd swear that Aurea was the ancient name Besides the River Aire there are two other Rivulets that water this small Territory having many little villages scattering upon their banks Lougar upon which the Crawfords and Cesnock upon which the Cambells have their residence noted families in this tract upon whose bank is also Uchiltre-Castle Uchiltre or Ochiltre the Seat of the Stewarts of the blood Royal as descending from the Dukes of Albany hence stiled Barons of Uchiltre of which House was that Robert Stewart the inseparable companion of the Prince of Conde who was kill'd with him in a battle in France Cambel of Louden enjoys the honour of Hereditary Bailiff of this Kyle CVNNINGHAM TO Kyle upon the West and North is joyned Cunningham and so hems in the same Bay that it streightens its hitherto expatiating breadth The name signifies as much as the King's habitation whence you may conjecture its pleasantness It is water'd by the Irwin which divides it from Kyle at the head almost of which river we have a sight of Kilmarnock the Seat of the Barons Boids 〈…〉 In the reign of King James the third Thomas one of these was by a gale of Court-favor advanced to the authority of Regent and Robert his Son to the Honour of Earl of Arran and a marriage with the King's Sister But upon the same gale's blowing contrary they were adjudged enemies to the State Robert had his Wife taken from him and given to James Hamilton their Estates were confiscated and stript of all by the inconstancy of fortune they died in exile Yet their posterity recover'd the ancient honour of Barons and enjoy it at this day Upon the mouth of the river Irwin stands 〈◊〉 e It hath a Viscount of the family of Ingram a Borough with a Port so choaked up with banks of sand and so shallow that it is only capable of small Vessels Higher up stands Ardrossan â—â—â—â—â—ssan a Castle of the Montgomeries hanging as it were over the bay this is an ancient and noble family which can shew as a proof of their Marshal valour Poununy-Castle built out of the ransom-money of Henry Percy sirnamed Hotspur whom J. Montgomery took with his own hand in the Battle at Otterburne and brought away Prisoner Not far from Ardrossan is Largis embru'd in the blood of the Norwegians by King Alexander the third From whence following the winding of the shore we meet with Eglington-Castle once possessed by Gentlemen of that name from whom it descended to the Montgomeries Montgomeries who take hence the title of Earls of Eglington Earls of Eglington But whence this Sirname came is hard to guess That out of Normandy it came into England and that there were several Families of that name I am satisfied But that in Essex from which Sir Thomas Montgomery Knight of the Garter in the reign of Edward the fourth was descended gave Arms but a little different from these But this noble House hath dilated it self very much and out of those of Gevan was that Gabriel de Lorges called Earl of Montgomery Captain of the Scotch Guard du Corps The Scotch Guard du Corps in France that was instituted by Charles the fifth King of France for a Guard to him and his Successors as a signal mark of their fidelity and favour who in a Tournament slew Henry the second King of France with a Splinter of his Spear which his Beaver chancing to be up penetrated through the eye into his brain Afterwards taking part with the Huguenots in the Civil wars of France he was intercepted and beheaded But the Family of the Cunninghams is accounted the most numerous in this Tract the head whereof the Earl of Glencairn Cunninghams Earls of Glencairn hath a Seat at Kilmauris and derives his descent out of England from an English Gentleman who together with others murdered Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury How true this is I know not but perhaps it may be grounded upon a probable conjecture taken from an Archbishop's Pall which they give in their Coat of Arms. b The Island GLOTTA or ARRAN WIthin sight of Cunningham amongst many other Islands Glotta is of greatest eminence an Island mentioned by Antonine the Emperor in the very Frith of the river Glotta or Clyde called at this day from a Castle of the same name Arran The innermost parts are wholly mountainous but the bottoms along the shore are well inhabited The first Earl it had â—â—â—â—s of â—â—â—on that I ever read of was Robert Boid whose wife and Earldom together upon Boid's being banished the Kingdom James Hamilton as I mentioned before obtained and his Posterity have enjoyed the same saving that of late James Steward appointed Guardian to James Hamilton Earl of Arran when he was so defective in his understanding that he could not manage his Estate took this Title in the right of being guardian Near unto this stands Buthe called from a little Religious Cell founded by Brendanus for so in Scotch the call a Cell which has a Sheriff of the Family of the Stewarts In this Island is Rothesay-Castle which gives the Title of Duke to the eldest Son of the King of Scotland who is born Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay and High Steward of Scotland ever since King Robert the third invested David his eldest Son Duke of Rothsay who was the first in Scotland that was honoured with the Title of Duke With which Title Queen Mary honoured Henry Lord Darley before she took him to be her Husband After this in the same Bay we have a sight of Hellen antiently Hellan-Leneow that is according to J. Fordon's interpretation The Saints Island the Hellan Tinoc that is the Island of Hogs with many others of less note Additions to the NOVANTES a THE Country of the Novantes is Galloway and the Sheriffdom of Aire Galloway hath upon
honourable the present Earl a great admirer of Antiquity caused to be gilded †See thâ— Adâ—â—â—ionâ— Somewhat farther from the sea stands Fordon Fordoâ— honoured by John de Fordon born here who with great labour and industry compiled the Scotochronicon t The famous Manuscript hereof is in the Library of S. Leonard's College at St. Andrews Theatr. Scotiae p. 21. and to whose studies the modern Scotch Historians are very much indebted But Fordon was much more honour'd in ancient times by St. Palladius's St. Pâ—â—dius reliques formerly as 't is thought deposited here who in the year 431 was appointed by Pope Caelestine Apostle of the Scots i MARR MARR lies farther up from the sea being a large Mediterranean Countrey and running out about 60 miles in length towards the west where it is broadest it swelleth up in mountains except where the rivers Dee Ptolemie's Diva and the Done open themselves a way and make the champagne very fruitful Upon the bank of the Done stands Kildrummy Kildrummy a great ornament to it the ancient seat of the Earls of Marr. Not far off is the residence of the Barons Forbois Barons Forbois or Forbes of a noble and ancient Stock who took this sirname being before called Bois upon the Heir of the Familie's valiantly killing a huge mighty Boar. But at the very mouth of the river are two towns that give a greater ornament to it which from the said mouth called in British Aber borrowing both of them the same name are divided by a little field that lies between The hithermost of them which stands nearer to Dee's mouth is much ennobled by the honour of a Bishoprick which King David the first translated hither from Murthlake a little village also by the Canons fine houses an Hospital for the Poor and a Free-school built by William Elphingston Bishop of this place in the year 1480 and is called New-Aberdene Nâ—w-â—berdâ— Oâ—â—â—â—dene Sâ—â—â—â— The other beyond it named Old-Aberdene very famous for the Salmon taken there * S 〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â—â—â—â— But J. Johnston a native hereof in these verses describes Aberdene thus ABERDONIA Ad Boream porrecta jugis obsessa superbis Inter connatas eminet una Deas Mitior algentes Phoebus sic temperat auras Non aestum ut rabidum frigora nec metuas Foecundo ditat Neptunus gurgite amnes Piscosi gemmis alter adauget opes Candida mens frons laeta hilaris gratissima tellus Hospitibus morum cultus ubique decens Nobilitas antiqua opibus subnixa vetustis Martiaque invicto pectore corda gerens Justitiae domus studiorum mater honoris Ingenio ars certant artibus ingenia Omnia ei cedunt meritos genitricis honores Pingere non ulla Ars ingeniumve valet ABERDENE With circling cliffs her lofty turrets vie And meet her rival sisters of the sky So gentle Phoebus warms the sharper air Nor cold nor heat's extreams her people fear Great Neptune and his sons for fish renown'd With useful floods enrich the fertile ground In one fair current pretious gems are found True hearts and pleasant looks and friendly cheer And honest breeding never fail you here Old their estates old is their noble blood Brave are their souls and scorn to be subdued Here steddy justice keeps her awful seat Wit strives with art and art contends with wit But my great Mother's worth and matchless praise Nor art nor wit can ever hope t' express It is almost incredible what abundance of Salmon there are as well in these rivers as others in Scotland on both sides of the Kingdom a fish unknown to Pliny unless it was the 〈◊〉 Bede â—â—d our 〈◊〉 it is 〈◊〉 it in â—ai◠〈◊〉 â—in Esox of the Rhine but very common and well known in those northern parts of Europe 〈◊〉 Pâ—â—â—ceâ—â—ctions â—â—are having their inside as he says of a bright scarlet colour They breed in Autumn in little rivers and most in shallows where they cover their spawn with sand at which time they are so very poor and lean that they seem to have nothing but bones Of that spawn in the spring following comes a fry of small fish which making towards the sea in a little time grow to their full bigness and then making back again to the rivers they were bred in struggle against the force of the stream and wheresoever any hindrance obstructs their passage with a jerk of their tail a certain leap whence probably their name of * From salio to leap Salmons to the amazement of the spectators they whip over and keep themselves within these rivers till they breed During which time there is a law against taking them that is from the Eighth of September to the First of December Aâ—d it should seem they were reckoned amongst the greatest commodities of Scotland since it hath been provided by law that they should be sold to the English for nought but English Gold But these matters I leave for others As for the Earls of Marr Earls of Marr. In the reign of Alexander the 3d William Earl of Marr is named amongst those who were enemies to the King Whilst David Brus reigned Donald was Earl of Marr and Protector of the Kingdom murdered in his bed before the battle at Dyplin by Edward Balliol and his English Auxiliaries whose daughter Isabella King Robert Brus took to his first wife and had by her Marjorie mother to Robert Stewart King of the Scots Under the same David there is mention made of Thomas Earl of Marr who was banished in the year 1361. And under Robert the 3d of Alexander Stewart Earl of Marr who was slain in the battel at Harley against the Islanders in the year 1411. In K. James the first 's time we read in the Scotochronicon Scotochron lib. 12. cap. 33. Alexander Earl of Marr died in the year 1435. natural son of Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan son of Robert the second King of Scotland after whom as being a Bastard the King succeeded in the Inheritance John a younger son of King James the 2d afterwards bore this title who being convicted of attempting by Art Magick to take away his Brother's life was bled to death And after him Robert Cockeran was advanced from a * Latomâ— Mason to this dignity by King James the 3d and soon after hang'd by the Nobility From that time it was discontinued till Queen Mary adorn'd her Bastard Brother James with this honour and not long after upon its being found that by ancient right the title of Earl of Marr belong'd to John Lord Ereskin in lieu of Marr she conferr'd upon him the honour and title of Earl of Murray and created John Ereskin a person of ancient Nobility Earl of Marr whose son of the same Christian name now enjoys the dignity and is in both Kingdoms one of his Majesties Privy Council k BVQVHAN WHere now Buquhan in Latin Boghania and Buchania above the River Done extends it self
towards the Ocean there were anciently seated the Taizali Some derive this later name from Boves Oxen whereas the ground is fitter to feed sheep whose wooll is highly commended Notwithstanding the Rivers in this Coast every where breed abundance of Salmon yet they never enter into the River Ratra Thâ— Râ—ver Raâ—ra as Buchanan hath told us Neither let it prove to my disadvantage if I cite his Testimony although his books were prohibited by authority of Parliament in the year 1584. because many passages in them were fit to be dash'd out He there reports also That on the bank of Ratra there is a Cave near Stany 's Castle whose nature seems worth our taking notice of A strange â—â—â—er The water distilling by drops out of a natural vault is presently turned into pyramidal stones and if people did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then the whole space in a little time would be fill'd up to the top of the vault Now the stone thus made is of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard stone for it is friable and never arrives to the solidity of Marble It is hardly worth my while to mention the Clayks Câ—ayks a 〈◊〉 of Gâ—ese a sort of Geese believed by some with great admiration to grow upon trees here in this coast and in other places and when they are ripe to fall down into the sea because neither their nests nor eggs cou'd ever any where be found But those that have seen the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round the world laid up in the river Thames can testifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of ships since a great number of such without life and feathers stuck close to the outside of the keel of this ship Yet I should think that the generation of these birds was not from the logs of wood but from the sea term'd by the Poets the Parent of all things a Hector Boetius first spread this errour but that it is such â—ppend 〈◊〉 Librum â— Part 3. â—â—atiae Ilâ—â—â—atae Dr. Sibbalds has largely proved in his Scotia Illustrata only he is now convinced that thâ—y are not informis mâ—ssa carnosa as he there câ—lls them And a Discourse concerning the late worthy Sir Andrew Balfour to be prefixt to the Catalogue of his Books will in a short time give further light into it A mighty mass likewise of Amber Amber as big as the body of a Horse was not many years since thrown up upon this shore This the learned call Succinum Glessum and Chryso-electrum and Sotacus was of opinion that it was a juice which amongst the Britains distill'd from trees ran into the sea and was there hardned Tacitus had the same sentiments of it in this passage of his I should believe De moribus Germanorum that as there are trees in the secret parts of the east which sweat out frankincense and balm so in the Islands and other countreys of the west there are woods of a more fatty substance which melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching sun run into the sea hard by and being driven by tempestuous weather float to the opposite shores But Serapio and the modern Philosophers will have it to work out of a bituminous sort of earth under the sea and by the sea-side that the waves in stormy weather cast part of it upon the shore and that part of it is devoured by the fish But I have digressed too far and will return into my way hoping my ingenuous confession will purchase me a pardon In the reign of Alexander the 2d Alexander Comin had conferr'd upon him the honour of Earl of Buquhan Earls of Baquhan who married a daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quircy Earl of Winchester in England and his grand child by a son brought the same title to Henry Beaumorâ— her husband For he in the reign of Edw. the 3d sat in the Parliament of England under the name of Earl of Buquhan Afterwards Alexander Stewart son to King Robert the 4th was Earl of this place succeeded by John a younger son of Robert Duke of Albany who being sent for into France with 7000 Auxiliary Scots by the French King Charles the 7th did extraordinary good service against the English and had so great a reputation there that after he had killed Thomas Duke of Clarence K. Henry the 5th's brother at Baugy and got as great a victory over the English as ever was obtained he was made Constable of France But 3 years after when the fortune of the war turned he with other valiant Commanders The valour of the Scots in the Wars of France Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours c. was routed at Vernoil by the English and there slain Whom yet as the Poet said Aeternum memorabit Gallia cives Grata suos titulos quae dedit tumulos Those grateful France shall ever call her own Who owe to her their graves and their renown The French cannot but confess that they owe the preservation of France and recovery of Aquitain by thrusting out the English in the reigns of Charles the 6th and 7th in a great measure to the fidelity and valour of the Scots But afterwards K. James the first out of pity to Geo. of Dunbar whom by authority of Parliament he had before divested of the Earldom of March for his father's crimes gave him the Earldom of Buquhan And not long after James son of James Stewart of Lorn sirnamed the Black Knight 14 Whom he had by Queen Joan sister to the Duke of Somerset and widow to King James I. c. whom he had by Joan of Somerset obtained this honour and left it to his posterity but not long since for default of heirs male it went by a daughter to Douglas a younger brother of the House of Lochlevin Beyond Buchan in the bending back of the shore northwards lies Boen Boen and a Now a Barony in the family of Ogilby Bamff a small Sheriffdom * See the Additions and Ainza a little tract of less consideration as also Rothamy Castle the seat of the Barons of Salton Barons Salton sirnamed b Now Frazer Abernethy Beneath these lies Strath-bolgy Strath-bolgy that is the Valley upon the Bolgy formerly the seat of the Earls of Athol sirnamed from thence but now the chief residence of the Marquess of Huntley c Now from the Marquisate of Huntley rais'd to the Dukedom of Gordon Marquess of Huntley For this title K. James the 6th conferred upon Geo. Gordon Earl of Huntley Lord Gordon and Badzenoth eminent for his ancient nobility and his many followers and dependants Whose ancestors are descended from the Setons and by authority of Parliament took upon them the name of Gordon upon Alexander Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir John Gordon with whom he had a very noble estate and received
from the Church as a Feudatory and Vicegerent and obliged his Successors to pay three hundred Marks to the Bishop of that See Yet the most eminent 1 Sir Thomas Hol. Thomas Moor who sacrificed his life to the Pope's Prerogative denies this to be true For he says the Romanists can shew no grant and that they have never demanded the said money nor the Kings of England acknowledged it However with submission to this great man the thing is really otherwise as most clearly appears from the Parliament-Rolls which are evidence incontestable For in a Parliament in Edward the third's Reign the Chancellor of England informs the House That the Pope intended to cite the King of England to a tryal at Rome as well for homage as for the tribute due and payable from England and Ireland and to which King John had bound both himself and his Successors and desired their opinion in it The Bishops required a day to consider of this matter apart as likewise did the Lords and Commons The next day they met again and unanimously voted and declared that forasmuch as neither King John nor any other King whatsoever could put the Kingdom under such a servitude but by the consent and agreement of a Parliament which was never had and farther that since whatsoever he had done in that kind was directly contrary to the Oath which he solemnly took before God at his Coronation if the Pope would insist upon it they were resolved to oppose him with their lives and fortunes to the very utmost of their power Such also as were learned in the law made the Charter of King John to be void and insignificant by that clause of reservation in the end saving to us and our heirs all our rights liberties and regalities But this is out of my road From King John's time the Kings of England were stiled Lords of Ireland till within the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth was declared King of Ireland by the States of that Realm assembled in Parliament the title of Lord seeming not so sacred and venerable to some seditious persons as that of King In the year 1555 when Queen Mary offered the subjection of the Kingdom of England by the hands of her Ambassadors to Pope Paul the fourth this name and title of Kingdom of Ireland was confirmed by the Pope in these word To the praise and glory of Almighty God and his most glorious mother the Virgin Mary to the honour of the whole Court of Heaven and the exaltation of the Catholick Faith We at the humble request of King Philip and Queen Mary made unto us by the advice of our brethren and by virtue of our full Apostolical authority do erect the Kingdom of Ireland and do for ever dignifie and exalt it with the title honours powers rights ensigns prerogatives preferments Royal praeeminencies and such like privileges as other Christian Realms have use and enjoy or may have use and enjoy hereafter Having accidentally found a Catalogue of those English Noble men who went in the first invasion of Ireland and with great valor subdued it to the Crown of England lest I should seem to envy them and their posterity the glory of this atchievment I will here give you them from the Chancery of Ireland for so 't is entitled The Names of such as came with Dermic Mac Morrog into Ireland Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke who by Eve the daughter of Morrog the Irish petty King aforesaid had an only daughter who brought to William Mareschall the title of Earl of Pembroke with a fair estate in Ireland and had issue five sons who in order succeeded one another all childless and as many daughters who enriched their husbands Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk Guarin Montchensey Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester William Ferrars Earl of Derby and William Breose with children honours and possessions Robert Fitz-Stephens Harvey de Mont Marish Maurice Prendergest Robert Barr. Meiler Meilerine Maurice Fitz-Girald Redmund nephew to Stephen William Ferrand Miles de Cogan Richard de Cogan Gualter de Ridensford Gualter sons of Maurice Girald Alexander sons of Maurice Girald William Notte Robert Fitz-Bernard Hugh de Lacy. William Fitz-Aldelm William Macarell Hunfrey Bohun Hugh de Gundevill Philip de Hasting Hugh Tirell David Walsh Robert Poer Osbert de Harloter William de Bendenge Adam de Gernez Philip de Breos Griffin Nephew of Stephen Ralph Fitz-Stephen Walter de Barry Philip Walsh Adam de Hereford To whom out of Giraldus Cambrensis may be added John de Curcy Hugh Contilon Redmond Cantimore Edmond Fitz-Hugh Miles of St. Davids and others The Government of the Kingdom of IRELAND SInce Ireland has been subject to the Crown of England the Kings of this Realm have ever sent their Vice-Roys to manage the publick affairs there who at first in their Letters Patents or Commissions Loâ—d Depâ—â—ies of â—â—â—â—and were stilled Keepers of Ireland after that Justices of Ireland or at pleasure Lieutenants and Deputies Their jurisdiction and authority is really large and Royal they make war and peace have power to fill all Magistracies and other Offices except some very few to pardon all crimes but those of high treason and to confer Knighthood c. These Letters Patents when any one enters upon this honourable office are publickly read and after the new Deputy has took a solemn oath of a certain set form for that purpose before the Chancellor the sword which is to be carried before him is delivered into his hands and he is seated in a Chair of state attended by the Chancellor of the Realm the Members of the Privy-Council the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom the King at Arms a Serjeant at Arms and other Officers of State So that whether we consider his jurisdiction and authority or his train attendance and splendor there is certainly no Vice-roy in Christendom that comes nearer the grandeur and majesty of a King His Council are the Chancellor of the Realm the Treasurer and such others of the Earls Barons and Judges as are of the Privy-Council Orders or degrees iâ— Ireland For Ireland has the same orders and degrees of honour that England has Earls Barons Knights Esquires c. The Courts or Tribunals of IRELAND THE supream Court in Ireland is the Parliament which Parliament at the pleasure of the King of England is either called or dissolved by his Deputy â—as an 〈◊〉 12. and yet in Edward the second 's time it was enacted That Parliaments should be held in Ireland every year 2 Which seemeth yet not to have been effected Here are likewise observed foure Law-terms in the year as in England and five Courts of Justice held 〈◊〉 the a The Court was called The Court of Castle-chamber because it was usually kept in the Castle of Dublin but has never been held since the Court of Star-Chamber was supprest in England Star-Chamber the Chancery King's-Bench Common Pleas and the Exchequer Here are
Iveragh and Dunkerran In this Castle dwelt Donald Mac Carty More a petty King of Irish descent who in the year 1566. resigned his estate to Queen Elizabeth and had it restored to hold of her after the English manner by fealty and homage At the same time he was created Baron of Valentia â—â—ron of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—l of â—â—â—ncar an Island adjoyning and Earl of Clan-car being a man eminent and of great power in these parts and formerly a bitter enemy of the Fitz-Giralds who dispossest his Ancestors Kings as he pretended of Desmond their antient seat and inheritance He enjoyed not this honour very long having but one daughter legitimate whom he married to Florence Mac Carty and lived to be very old â—â—ve The second Promontory lying in the middle between two Bays the Maire and the Bantre is called the b A ridge of hills running through this Promontory makes the bounds betwâ—en the Counties of Coâ—k and Kerry That part on the North side is the Barony of Glanerough in the County of Kerry that on the Sâ—uth is the half Barony of Bear in â—he County of Cork to which the half Barony of Bantry joyns Beare the soil of which is a hungry gravel mixt with stones where lives O Swillivant O Swilliâ—ant Beare and O Swilivant Bantre both of the same family and men very eminent in these parts The third named c This third Promontoâ—y is at this day part of the Barâ—ny of West-Caâ—bâ—y in the County of Cork Eraugh lyes between Bantre and Balatimore or Baltimore a Bay famous for the many herrings took in it and yearly visited by a Fleet of Spaniards and Portuguese in the very middle of winter â—â—ahâ—ns to fish for Codd In this the O Mahons had great possessions bestowed upon them by M. Carew This is that Promontory which Ptolemy calls Notium The Promontory Notium or the South-Promontory at this day Missen-head under which as we may see in him the river Iernus falls into the sea As for the name it now has Jernus a river I dare hardly in so much darkness pretend to guess at it unless it be that which is now called Maire and runs under Drunkeran aforesaid I am as much at a loss likewise for those people whom Ptolemy places upon these Promontories seeing their name differs in several Copies Iberni Outerni Iberi Iverni unless perhaps they are a Colony of the Iberi in Spain as well as their neighbours the Luceni and Concani were Desmonia was formerly of great extent in these parts even from the sea to the river Shanon and was called South-Mounster The Fitz-Giralds of the family of Kildare having conquer'd the Irish became Lords of very great possessions here Of these Maurice Fitz-Thomas to whom Thomas Carew heir to the Seigniory of Desmond made over his title was in the third of Edward 3. created Earl of Desmond Earl of Dâ—smond Of the posterity of this Earl many have been rich and valiant and men of great reputation But this glory was and still continues sullied in James who excluding his nephew has forcibly seiz'd the inheritance and impos'd upon the people those grievous tributes of Coyne Livery Cocherings Bonaughty c. for the maintenance of his Triarii and ravenous Soldiers His son Thomas as he exacted the same of the poor people was apprehended by an Order from John Tiptoft Lord Deputy and beheaded in the year 1467. for his own and his father's wickedness However his children were restored and this honour was hereditarily enjoyed by his posterity till Girald's time the rebel before mentioned who being banished by Act of Parliament Desmond was annext to the crown reduced into a county and a Sheriff ordain'd to govern it from year to year 5 Nâ—vâ—rthâ—lâ—ss in thâ— last rebellion the â—â—bels erected a titâ—laâ—â— Earl and against him Queen Elizabeth granted the Title of Earl of Desmond uâ—to J mâ—s Fâ—â—z-Giraâ—d sâ—n to the foresaid â—ebel who shortly after dyed â—ssucless in thâ— year 1601. The most noted and considerable Houses here for interest and riches are those descended from the Fitz-Giralds known by several and distinct names which upon various accounts have been assum'd by them VODIAE or CORIONDI MOre inward beyond the Iberi dwelt the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who are termed also the Vodiae The Vodiae and Udiae some resemblance of which name remains very express and clear in the Territories of Idou and Idouth and of the Coriondi The Coriondi in the County of Cork which borders upon them These people inhabited the Counties of Cork Tipperary Limerick and Waterford Comitatus Corcagiensis commonly The County of Cork THE County of Cork which was formerly a Kingdom and contain'd all that part of the country upon the shore between Lismore and St. d Brandon-hills in Kerry Brend * P rhaps Missâ—n head Muskeray where Westward it faces Desmond has in the midland of it Muskeray a wild and woody country where Cormac Mac Teg is very famous and towards the sea Carbray Carbray where the Mac-Carties are the most considerable The first place we come at upon the Coast is e A Bishop's See united to Cork Ross a road for ships and formerly frequented but now by reason of a ledge of sand across it seldom used From hence there shoots out a narrow neck of land into a peninsula called the old head of Kinsale near which the Curcies heretofore flourished in great wealth descended from a brother of John Curcy an English man that subdued Ulster Of which family here still remains Curcy Baron of f Baron of Kinsale Ringrom Curcy Baron of Ringrom but such is the uncertainty of human affairs poor and of mean fortune After it in a fertile spot upon the mouth of the river g Bandon Bany and withall well enough wooded stands Kinsale Kinsale a commodious port fortified with old walls under which in the year 1601. the Kingdom of Ireland was at stake and put to a fair trial whether it should belong to Spain or England For at that instant the Island was embroiled both with foreign and civil wars and Don John D' Aquila with an Army of 8000 Veteranes had surpriz'd this place and fortified it relying upon the censures and excommunications which Pius 5. Gregory 13. and Clement 8. had thunder'd out against Queen Elizabeth and upon the assistance of those Rebels The Spaniards driven out of Ireland who had sent for them under pretence of establishing their Religion the mask and disguise for all the Villanies of this degenerate age which makes such a scuffle about it In opposition to these 6 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron Montjoy Lord Deputy though his Army was harrassed and it was now the winter season besieged the Town by land and sea and at the same time also took the field against those Rebels headed by the Earl of Tir-Oen O Donell Mac Gwyre and Mac Mahound whom
title of Earl of Wiltshire given by King H. the 6th to him and the heirs of his body but being Lord Deputy of Ireland as some others of this family have been and Treasurer of England he was banish'd by Edw. the fourth and soon after taken and beheaded His brothers were banished likewise and absconded John died at Jerusalem without children Thomas by the favour of H. the 7th had his attainder reversed and died in the year 1515 leaving two daughters Ann married to 10 Sir James James de S. Leger and Margaret the wife of William de Bullein who had issue 11 Sir Thomas Thomas Bullein made first Viscount of Rochfort and after Earl of Wilton and Ormond by King Hen. the 8th upon his marriage with Ann Bullein the Earl's daughter by her he had Elizabeth Queen of England whose memory will be ever sacred to the English After the death of Thomas Bullein 12 Without issue male Sir Pierce c. Peter or Peirce Butler a man of great power in Ireland and of the Earl's family who had been before created Earl of Ossery by K. Henry the 8th was now also preferr'd to the Earldom of Ormond He dying left it to his son James who by the daughter and heir of James Earl of Desmond had a son Thomas Earl of Ormond now living whose fidelity and loyalty has been render'd eminent by many tryals He has married his only daughter to Theobald Butler his Brother's son upon whom King James has lately conferr'd the title of Viscount Tullo As for the story of some Irish and those too Men turned into wolves such as would be thought creditable that certain men in these parts are every year converted into wolves 't is without question fabulous unless perhaps through excess of melancholy they may be affected with that distemper which the Physicians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which will make them fancy and imagine themselves thus transformed As for those metamorphos'd Lycaones in Livonia so much talked of I cannot but have the same opinion of them Thus far we have continued in the Province of Mounster which Queen Elizabeth with great wisdom Presidents of Munster in order to advance the wealth and happiness of this Kingdom committed to the government of a Lord President that with one Assistant two Lawyers and a Secretary he might correct the insolencies of this Province and keep them to their duty The first President was Wartham St. Leger Kt. who was constituted in the year 1565 a man of great experience in the affairs of Ireland LAGENIA or LEINSTER THE second part of Ireland called by the inhabitants Leighnigh by the British Lein by the English Leinster by the Latins Lagenia and by the old Legends Lagen lies to the east entirely upon the sea bounded towards Mounster by the river Neor though in many places it reaches beyond it towards Conaught 't is bounded for a good way by the Shannon and towards Meath by its own limits The soil is rich and fruitful the air very warm and temperate and the inhabitants very near as civil and gentile in their mode of living as their neighbours in England from whence they are generally descended In Ptolemie's time it was peopled by the Brigantes Minapii Cauci and Blani From these Blani perhaps are derived and contracted those modern names Lein Leinigh and Leinster a At this day Leinster contains the Counties of Dublin Wicklow Wexford Caterlogh Kilkenny Kings-County Queens-County Kildare Meath West-Meath and Longford The whole Province is at present subdivided into the Counties of Kilkennigh Caterlogh Queens-County Kings-County Kildare Weisford and Dublin not to mention Wicklo and Fernes which either are already or will be added BRIGANTES or BIRGANTES THE Brigantes seem to have been seated between the mouth of the river Swire and the confluence of the Neor and Barrow called by Ptolemy Brigus And because there was an ancient city of the Brigantes in Spain called Brigantia Birgus now Barrow Florianus del Campo takes a great deal of pains to derive these Brigantes from his own country of Spain But allowing conjectures others may as likely derive them from the Brigantes of Britain a nation both near and populous However if what I find in some copies be true that these people were called Birgantes both he and others are plainly out for these take their denomination from the river a Now call'd Barrow Birgus about which they inhabit as the name it self may convince us These Brigantes or Birgantes Birgantes which you please peopled the Counties of Kilkenny Ossery and Caterlogh all watered by the river Birgus The County of KILKENNY THE County of Kilkenny is bounded on the west with the County of Tipperary on the east with the Counties of Weisford and Caterlogh on the south with the County of Waterford on the north with the Queens-County and on the north-west with the Upper-Ossery well beautified on all sides with towns and castles and more plentiful in every thing than any of the rest Near Ossery are those huge copling mountains Sleiew Bloemy which Giraldus calls Bladinae Montes of a vast height Bladin hills out of the bowels whereof springs the river Swire aforesaid as also the Neor and Barrow These descend in three several chanels but join in one before they fall into the sea which made the Ancients call them The three sisters The Neor commonly called the Neure in a manner cuts this County in two and when with a swift stream it has passed the Upper-Ossery the first Baron whereof was Barnabas Fitz-Patrick Upper-Ossery Barons of the Upper-Ossery raised to that honour by K. Edward the 6th and many forts on both sides it arrives at Kilkenny Kilkenny or as the word signifies the Cell or Church of Canic who was eminent for a pious and solitary life in this country The a It is now a City town is neat fair-built plentiful and by much the best midland town in this Island divided into the English-town and the Irish-town The Irish-town is as it were the suburbs where stands the said Canic's Church which hath both given name to the town and afforded a seat for the Bishops of Ossery The English-town is much newer built as I have read by Ranulph the third Earl of Chester wall'd on the west by Robert Talbot a noble man and fortified with a castle by the Butlers When the daughters of William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke made a partition of the lands among them 't is certain this fell to the share of the third sister married to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester Lower down upon the same river stands a little fortified town called in English Thomas-town Thomas-town in Irish Bala-mac-Andan i.e. the town of Anthony's son both derived from the founder Thomas Fitz-Anthony an Englishman who flourished in Henry the third's time whose heirs are at this day Lords of the place Below this the river Callan Calâ—an runs
into the Neor upon which stands the third Burrough-town of this County that takes the name Kallan from it and also Inis-Teag Inis-Teag a fourth The family of the Butlers spreads its branches almost all over this Country and has flourish'd in great honour being for their eminent virtues dignified with the title of Earls of Ormond Wiltshire in England and as it is already said of Ossery Besides the Earl of Ormond Viscount Thurles and Knight of the Garter there are of this family the Viscount Mont-Garret the Viscount Tullo the Barons de Dunboyn and Cahyr with many other noble branches The rest that are eminent in these parts are also of English original the Graces the Walshes Levels Foresters Shortels Blanch-felds or Blanchevelstons Drilands Comerfords c. The County of CATERLOGH THE County of Caterlogh by contraction Carlogh bounds upon Kilkenny on the east lying wholly in a manner between these two rivers the Barrow and the Slane The soil is fruitful and well shaded with woods It contains two towns considerable more eminent than the rest both situate upon the west of the Barrow the one Caterlogh about which Leonel Duke of Clarence begun to build a wall and Bellingham that famous and excellent Lord Deputy of Ireland built a strong Castle for the defence of it The other is Leighton in Latin Lechlinia where was formerly a Bishop's See now annex'd to the Bishoprick of Farnes These towns have both of them their Wards and Constables to govern them The greatest part of this County belonged by inheritance to the Howards The Stat. of Absenties Dukes of Norfolk descended by the Earls of Warren from the eldest daughter of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke but King Henry the eight by Act of Parliament had all the lands and possessions granted him either belonging to him and the other Gentry or to the Monasteries here in England b See the County of Waterford the last paragraph because that by their absence and neglect of private affairs there they had endangered the publick interest From hence the Barrow runs through the Barony of Ydron Baron Ydron which belonged to the Carews of Devonshire 13 For Sir John Carew an English Knight died sâ—isâ—d thereof in the time of King Edward 3. ever since Sir N. Carew an English Knight married the daughter of Digo an Irish Baron which has since our memory been recovered after a long usurpation by Peter Carew Upon the river Slane stands Tullo memorable for Theobald Butler brother's son to the Earl of Ormond who was lately honoured with the title of Viscount Tullo by King James The Cavanaughs Cavanaghs are very numerous in these parts descended from Duvenald a younger son or Bastard as some say of Dermot the last King of Leinster warlike men and famous for their good horsemanship and though very poor at this day yet of as much honour and generosity as their forefathers Upon the account of some slaughters which many years ago they committed upon one another they live in a state of war at this day Some of these being trusted by the English to manage their possessions in these parts about King Edward the second 's time usurp'd all to themselves assuming the name of O-More O-Moâ— From 〈◊〉 book oâ— Patricâ— Fingâ—â— and taking the Toles and Brens into their confederacy by which means they dispossess'd the English of all that territory between the Caterlogh and the Irish-Sea Among these the river Neor joins the Barrow and after they have travell'd some miles together in one stream they quit their names and present that with their waters to their eldest sister the Swire which empties it self soon after from a rocky mouth into the sea where on the left there is a little narrow-neck'd promontory upon which stands a high tower built by the merchants of Rosse while they flourished to direct their vessels into the river-mouth Hooktowâ—â— QVEENS-COVNTY TOwards the north-west above Caterlogh lies a woody boggy tract call'd in Irish the Lease Lease in English the Queens-County which Queen Mary by her Minister Thomas Ratcliff Earl of Sussex and Lord Deputy at that time first reduced into a County Hence the chief town is call'd Mary-Burgh Mary-Burgh defended by a garison under the command of a Seneschal who with much ado keeps off the O-mores pretending to be Lords of it as also the Mac-Gilpatricks the O-Dempsies and others a mischievous and unquiet sort of people who are daily conspiring against the English and endeavouring to free themselves from their laws At the first coming of the English into these parts Meilere was sent hither to subdue this wild and hostile part of the country Hugh Lacy Lord Deputy built a castle at Tahmelio for him as also another at Obowy a third upon the river Barrow and a fourth at Norrach Among others also he fortified Donemaws Donemawâ— an ancient castle situate in the most fruitful part of this territory which fell to the Breoses Lords of Brecknock by Eva the youngest daughter of William Mareshall Earl of Pembrook Where also the Barrow rising out of Slew-Blomey-hills westward after a solitary course through the woods sees the old city Rheba Rhebâ— a name it stiâ—l preserves entire in its present one Rheban though instead of a city 't is now only the reliques of one consisting of some few cottages and a fort However it gives the title of Baronet to that noble Gentleman N. of S. Michael commonly called the Baronet of Rheban Baroâ— Rhebâ—â— The KING's-COVNTY AS the Queen's County aforesaid was so named from Queen Mary so the adjacent little County on the north divided by the river Barrow and called heretofore Offalie was term'd in honour of Philip King of Spain her husband the King's County as likewise the head-town in it Philips-town Philips-town where there is a garison a Seneschal and several noble families of the English the Warrens Herberts Colbies Mores and the Leicesters of the Irish the family of O-conor to whom a great part of it formerly belong'd as also of Mac Coghlam and O maily Fox and others who stoutly defend this and the other possessions left them here by their ancestors while the natives complain that the estates of their families are took from them and no other possessions in lieu assigned them to live upon For this reason they break out into rebellion upon every occasion and annoy the English with great outrage and cruelty The County of KILDAR THE County of Kildar lies along like a foreland to the King and Queen's Counties on the east very rich and fruitful Giraldus Cambrensis applies those verses of Virgil to the pastures of it Et quantum longis carpunt armenta diebus Exiguâ tantum gelidus ros nocte reponit What in long days the browzing cattle crop In the short nights the fertil dew makes up The a The Shire-town at this day is Nans near which at Sigginstowne Thomas
sirnamed Albanach from his birth in Scotland seeing the fair Estate of this family devolved upon Leonell Duke of Clarence by a female was much concerned and drawing together a great body of lewd fellows who are ever to be had in Ireland as well as in other places enter'd by main force upon the estate of the Earls of Munster in this County and from his Grandfather whose reputation and power was then still fresh in remembrance Maâ—â—â—lâ—an 〈◊〉 calâ—â—â— Wiâ—â—â— Eughtâ— call'd himself Mac-William i.e. the son of William His posterity under that title have tyranniz'd in these parts breaking in upon one another with mutual slaughter and oppressing the poor people by their rapine and pillage so that hardly a village is left standing and unrifled by them 33 Sir Richard Richard Bingham Governour of Conaught a sharp man and fit to rule over such a fierce Province thought this was not to be endured wisely perceiving that these practices were the causes of rebellion barbarism and poverty in Ireland and that they corrupted the people so much as to their Allegiance that they hardly knew or acknowledged any other Prince than their own Lords Accordingly he was resolv'd to employ his thoughts and the utmost of his abilities to re-establish the King's power and overthrow the tyranny of this Mac-William and others wherein he persever'd tho' complain'd of both before the Queen and the Lord Deputy The Burks and their dependents who denied the juridiction and authority of all Laws took up arms at last against him drawing to their assistance the Clan-Donells Ioies and others who were apprehensive of their own danger and the diminution of their authority However Bingham easily suppressed them forced their Castles and drove them to the woods and by-places till the Lord Deputy upon their Petition commanded him by his Letters to desist and permit them to live quietly And they who had but now broke the peace were so far from a sense of the miseries of war that they were no sooner restored and had their lives given them but they took up arms again made inroads into all parts of the Country and turn'd all things to confusion saying they would either have their Mac-William to rule over them or send for one out of Spain that they would admit no Sheriffs for the future nor subject themselves to Law so they invited the Scots from the Hebrides to their assistance with promises of great estates The Lord Deputy sent orders to the Governour to suppress this insolent tumult who immediately thereupon offer'd them terms which being rejected he drew an army together and press'd them so closely in the woods and forests that after six or seven weeks grievous famine they were forced to submit At the same time their reinforcement from Scotland was upon their march seeking their way into the County of Maio to joyn them by strange unbeaten roads however their motions were so well watched by the Governour who was night and day upon his march that at length at Ardnary he intercepted them set upon them and defeated them there being in all kill'd or drowned in the river Moin to the number of three thousand This victory was not only famous then but of great consequence to after times as having put an end to that rebellion and the title of Mac-William and cut off Donell Coran and Alexander Carrogh the sons of James Mac-Conell and those Islanders who had ever most sadly infested Ireland These things I have briefly related 34 Out of my Annals though beyond the precise scope of my design the worth of them will entitle them to more room and a fuller account in an Historian The County of SLEGO UP higher the County of Slego very fit for grazing by reason of the excellent grass it produces lyes full upon the Sea bounded on the North by the River Trobis which Ptolemy calls Ravius springing from the Lough Ern in Ulster It is divided from Letrim and Roscoman which border upon it by the rugged Curlew-mountains and the river Succas Somewhere in this County Ptolemy places the City of Nagnata Nagnata but for my part I am not able to discover it The same Authour has likewise the River Libnius Libnius in these parts which has been misplaced by a mistake of transcribers and a little above is reduced to Dublin But the place which Ptolemy points at is now called the Bay of Slego a creeky road for ships just under the town which is the chief in this County adorned with a castle now the seat of the a O-Connor Sligo O-Connors sirnamed de Slego from this place and descended as they say from that Rotheric O-Conor Dun who was so potent that when the English invaded Ireland he acted as Monarch of that Kingdom and would hardly submit to King Henry the second but was often recoiling though he had promised submission And as an anonymous writer of that age says he was wont to exclaim against these words of Pope Adrian in his Diploma to the King of England as injurious to him You may enter into that Island V. Dipl lib. 2. cap. 6. Giral Cambren de Expugnatione p. 787. and do any thing therein that will contribute to God's glory and the well-being of the Country and let the people of that Island receive you and respect you as their Lord. And this he continued to protest against till Pope Alexander the third made another Diploma confirming this right to the Kings of England For then he grew milder and willing to hear of other terms as we shall observe hereafter The greatest families in these parts besides the O-Conors are O-Dono b O-Hara O-Haris c O-Gara O-Ghar and Mac-Donagh The County of LETRIM NExt to Slego on the East lyes Breany â—â—eany the Estate of that ancient family O Rorck descended from Rotherick Monarch of Ireland whom they call Rorck after their way of contracting and enjoy'd by them till Brien O Rorck Lord of Breany and Minterolise was inveigled by Pope Sixtus Quintus and the King of Spain to cast off his allegiance to Queen Elizabeth and take up arms against her Upon which he was presently forc'd to seek refuge in Scotland from whence he was sent into England and there hang'd for his inconsiderate folly The estate being thus forfeited to the Crown this territory was reduced into a County by John Perrott and from the head town in it called Letrim This is a Highland County very rank in grass but not so much as to verifie that of Solinus Grass grows so plentifully in Ireland that the beasts are certainly surfeited if they are not hindered to feed now and then So many herds are kept in this narrow County that it has reckoned above a hundred and twenty thousand head of cattle at one time The Bishoprick of Achonry now united to the See of Elphin lyes in this County as also the spring head of the Shanon and chief river in Ireland which
the * Dynastas petty Kings here that they willingly suffered their Seigniories to be reduced into Counties and admitted Sheriffs to govern them But being quickly recalled and aspiring after greater honours some envious persons that were too mighty for him together with the licentiousness of his own tongue for he had bolted out some words against his Sovereign who is not to be violated by word or thought brought him unawares to ruine The County of LOVTH THE County of Louth in old books call'd Luna and Luda Triel in Latin Urgalia in Irish Iriel or Uriel if that is not rather a part of this county lies beyond the County of Meath and the mouth of the river Boine toward the Irish Sea upon a winding and uneven shore running northwards full of forrage and so fertile that it easily gratifies the Industrious husbandman Near the mouth of the Boine stands Drogheda or Droghda in English Tredah Tredah a neat and populous town denominated from the a From whence Sir James Ware always calls it Pontana bridge and divided in the middle by the Boine King Edward the second endowed it with the privilege of a Market and Fair at the instance of Theobald Verdon and several great Liberties have been granted it by the Kings of England particularly the privilege of a Mint Near this stands Mellefont-Abbey founded by Donald King of Uriel Mellifont Monastery and commended by S. Bernard lately given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Edward Moor Knight b Whose heir is now Earl of Drogheda a Kentish man born very deserving for his wise conduct both at home and abroad the Monks having been turned out some time before Seven miles from hence stands c Ardâ—e Ardeth a mid-land town pretty emiment and higher in the Country Dundalk Dundalk which has the benefit of a good haven and was formerly fortified with strong walls It was burnt by Edward Brus brother to the King of Scots who had proclaimed himself King of Ireland and was soon after cut off with 8200 of his men hard by Within the memory of our age it was besieged by Shan O Neal who was soon forced to raise the siege with dishonour Eight miles from hence stands Carlingford Carlingâ—â—â—d a pretty famous harbor And these are all the places that I know of memorable in this County Bermingâ—am who 〈◊〉 also caâ—led Briâ—â—tham â—arl of â—â—gh This Louth has given the title of Earl to 38 Sir John John Bermingham an English man conferr'd upon him by King Edward the second as a reward to his great valour after he had defeated and slain Edward Brus that momentary King of Ireland aforesaid who had ravag'd the country with great cruelty and slaughter for some time giving him the said Earldom to have and to hold to him and the heirs males of his body as also the Barony of Athenry But as the honour had its first life and being in this Gentleman so it expir'd with him for after he had come off safe from the Conquest of his enemies he was overcome and slain here in a popular insurrection with many others of the same name leaving no issue behind him This County likewise within the memory of our fathers Barons of Louth has given the title of Baron to Oliver Plonket conferr'd upon him by King Henry the eighth Families now remaining in this County are the Verdons Tates Clintons Bellews or de Bella Aqua Dowdalls Gernons Hadsors Wottons Brandons Mores Warrens Chamberlains and many others of English original of Irish are the Mac-Mahons c. The County of CAVON NExt to this on the west lyes the County of Cavon 〈◊〉 Breaâ—â— Reiley formerly called East Breany Here lives the Family of the O Reileys who derive themselves from the Ridleys of England though their manners and course of life is mere Irish Not long ago this family was eminent for their Cavalry which are now weakened by the wise conduct of 39 Sir Henry Henry Sidney who divided this territory of theirs into seven Baronies The Lords of it all of this family hold immediately by Knights-service of the Crown of England Their way of living is not usualy in towns but in castles they have a Bishoprick among them Bishopric of Kilmore Poor Bishâ—ps but very mean and inconsiderable the See whereof is at Kilmore However this Bishop is not so poor neither as those Irish Bishops who had no other revenues or subsistance than three Milk-cows with this favourable custom that if they went dry the Parish was to give others in exchange for them as Adam Bremensis relates from the information of some of them returning out of Italy by Germany The County of FERMANAGH ON the west and north beyond Cavon lyes Fermanagh formerly inhabited by the Erdini a Country well wooded and full of bogs In the very middle of it lyes the greatest and most famous Lake in this Kingdom call'd Lough Erne 〈◊〉 Erne extended at least forty miles shaded with thick woods and full of inhabited Islands some of which contain no less than two or three hundred acres a piece And withal so well stor'd with Pike Trout Salmon and other fish that the Fishermen oftner complain of too great plenty and the breaking of their nets than of any want This lake does not stretch from east to west as the Maps describe it as I am inform'd by those who have took a full survey of it it begins at Bal-tarbet â—â—â—arbet which is the utmost village in the County of Cavon northward and reaches from south to north fourteen miles in length and four in breadth Before it has gone very far it contracts it self as narrow as the chanel of an ordinary river and so continues for six miles together Upon the lough in this narrow place stands a This is the famous Town of Iniskilling so often mentioned in the accounts of the late wars and of the rebellion in 1641. Iniskilling the best Fort of these parts defended in the year 1593 by the rebels and taken by Dowdall a gallant Captain From hence as it turns westward it is at its full bigness being as far as Belek Belek for twenty miles together at least ten miles broad and within a little of that it has a great fall or Cataract which they call the Salmons leap Here is a current report among the people living hereabouts that this Lough was formerly firm ground well cultivated and full of inhabitants and that it was suddenly overwhelmed and turned into a lake to extinguish the abominable crime of buggery then among them God Almighty says Giraldus the author of Nature condemned this land as guilty of those filthy and unnatural acts which rendered it not only unfit for the first Inhabitants but any other that might come after The Irish Annals lay this to the charge of certain Scotch-Refugees that were driven from the Hebrides and took up here The most noble and powerful
in good order protected the weak but still continued insolent and cruel to the Nobility insomuch that they petitioned the Lord Deputy for protection and relief whereupon he grew more outragious dispossest Mac-Guir Lord of Fermanagh with fire and sword who had under hand accus'd him burnt the Metropolitan Church of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but this proved ineffectual partly by the valour of the Garison and partly by the apprehension of being suppressed by William Sarfield the Mayor of Dublin who was on his march towards him with the flower of his Citizens However he made cruel ravages in the adjacent Country To put a stop to these bold and outragious proceedings 6 Sir Henry Sidney the Lord Deputy set out himself and was advancing at the head of an Army against him but wisely detach'd seven companies of foot and a â—ry Sidâ—â—â— Lord â—oxy 〈…〉 troop of horse beforehand under the conduct of Edward Randolph a famous old soldier by sea into the North parts of Ireland where they encamped themselves at Derry upon Loghfoil to be upon the rear of the enemy Shan fearing this immediately marched thither and with all his force endeavoured to remove them upon this attack Randolph issued out upon him and though he valiantly lost his own life in the engagement yet he gave the enemy such a defeat that from that time forward they were never able to keep the field so that Shan finding himself weaken'd by slight skirmishes and deserted by his soldiers was once resolved to go and throw himself with a halter about his neck at the mercy of the Lord Deputy But his Secretary perswading him rather to rely upon the friendship of the Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge i.e. the younger were now encampt in Claneboy he sent Surley boy Alexander's brother whom he had detained prisoner a long time to prepare the way and soon after followed him with the wife of O-Donnell his adultress The Scots received him kindly and with some few of his adherents he was admitted into a tent where after some cups they began to resent the fate of James Mac-Conell the brother of Alexander whom Shan had killed and the dishonour done to James's sister whom Shan had married and put away whereupon Alexander Oge and his brother Mac-Gillaspic took fire and giving the signal for revenge all fell upon Shan with their drawn swords and hewed him to death by which peace was restored to that Province in the year 1567. A little after this a Parliament was called at Dublin wherein an Act passed for the Attainder of Shan and annexing most of the Counties and Seigniories of Ulster to the person of the Queen and her Successors and for prohibiting any one ftom taking the stile and title of O-Neal hereafter Notwithstanding this was soon after assumed by Turlogh Leinigh Brother's son to this Con More O-Neal already spoken of who was now towards the decline of his age and therefore of a more calm temper but the rather because he lay under some apprehensions from Shan's sons and Hugh Baron of Dunganon his son though he had marryed his daughter to him whom soon after he put away and married another This Turlogh being very obsequious and dutiful to the Queen of England gave no disturbance to the English but prov'd a very troublesome neighbour to O-Donell and the Island Scots and in a skirmish cut off Alexander Oge who had killed Shan O-Neal Hugh the son of Matthew called Baron of Dunganon who lived sometimes obscurely in his own country and sometimes in England in the service of some of our Nobility began to rise from this mean condition to some degree of eminence The Queen made him Captain of a troop of horse in the war against the Earl of Desmond and allowed him an yearly pension of a thousand marks whereupon he behaved himself gallantly against the rebels in all encounters and at length exhibited a Bill in Parliament That by vertue of a Grant made to his Grandfather an Act might be pass'd for his restitution to the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen and to the estate of his Ancestors As for the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen it was granted without any difficulty but the estate of his Ancestors being annext to the Crown by the Attainder of Shan O-Neal it was wholly referred to the Queen who graciously gave it him in consideration of his services already done her and those she still expected hereafter Yet first she provided that the Province should be surveyed and laid out into proper districts one or two places reserv'd in her own hands for garisons particularly the Fort at Black-water that provision should be made for the maintenance of the sons of Shan and Turlogh and that he should pretend to no authority over any Seigniories beyond the County of Ter-Oen though they bordered upon it Having willingly received it with all these conditions he return'd his thanks to her Majesty with great expressions both of the reality of this address and of his sincere resolution to serve her with the utmost of his diligence authority and affection for these favours and indeed it may be said of him that he performed his promise and that the Queen could expect no more from the most faithful subject she had than he did His body was able to endure the miseries either of labour watching or want his industry was very great his mind excellent and capable of the greatest employments he had a great knowledge in the affairs of war and was so profound and unfathomable a dissembler that some foretold at that time He would either prove the greatest good or the greatest hurt to Ireland He gave such testimonies of his valour and loyalty that the Queen her self interceeded with Turlogh Leinigh for his Seigniory and got him to surrender it upon conditions After Leinigh's death he usurped the title of O-Neal notwithstanding it was made capital by Act of Parliament excusing it as done purely to anticipate others that would perhaps assume it and promising to relinquish it but begg'd earnestly that no oath might be press'd upon him for performance About this time the Spanish Armado which had in vain attempted to invade England was dispersed and routed many of them in their return were shipwreckt in the Irish Sea and great numbers of the Spaniards thrown upon the coast of Ireland the Earl of Ter-Owen was faid to have kindly received some of them and to have treated with them about making a private league between him and the King of Spain Upon this account he was accused before the Queen and no slight evidence brought against him by Hugh Ne-Gaveloc i.e. in Fetters the natural son of Shan so called from his being kept in fetters for a long time which so enraged the Earl that afterward he had him apprehended and commanded him to be strangled but had much ado to find an Executioner the people had so much veneration for the blood of the O-Neals
to it The Earl was sensible it lay convenient to annoy him and that his fame and fortune would dwindle into nothing unless he recover'd it Accordingly he invested the Fort with a strong army The Lord Deputy upon the news of this marched towards him without intermission and thus in his full speed to victory sickness and death arrested him to the grief of good men and the joy and safety of the Rebels For it was the opinion of some Sages that if he had lived he would have reduced the enemy to despair and the state had never been plung'd into such danger As soon as the Lord Deputy's death was known to the enemy they attacked the Fort with great clamor and violence but were ever repelled with greater loss those that scal'd the walls were pushed back headlong by the garison and many of them trod to pieces so that despairing of ever taking it by force they resolved to starve them being persuaded their provisions could not last above some few days and the garison upon the pinches of famine would stagger in their loyalty and turn traitors However the Fort was gallantly defended by the valour of Thomas Williams the Governor and his garison who lived upon herbs growing upon the rocks after they had eat their horses and held it in spight of famine the assaults of the enemies or any other extremity whatsoever By this time the Government was committed by the Queen to the Earl of Ormond under the title of Lieutenant General of the army together with the Chancellor and 30 Sir Robert Robert Gardiner the Earl presently gave the Lieutenant General a long account of the grievances aforementioned without omitting the outrage of any soldier or the insolence of any Sheriff coldly excusing his breach of covenant with 31 Sir John Norris but the great burden of the song was that Feogh-Mac-Hugh one of his relations had been took executed and lastly that his letters to the Queen had been intercepted and concealed and that the imposts and taxes were grown intolerable both to nobility and people adding He saw now very well that all the possesons in the hands of the nobility and gentry of Ireland would be shortly parcelled out among the Counsellors the Lawyers the Soldiers and the Attorneys At the same time he sent supplies to the sons of Feogh Mac-Hugh that they might be able to embroil the Province of Leinster So that now every body saw plainly that the Earl's design was from the very beginning to extirpate the English in Ireland notwithstanding his pretences to disguise it The Earl without intermission continued all this while in carrying on the siege at Black-water the Lieutenant General therefore for the Lord Deputy was not as yet appointed had detach'd fourteen choice * Vexâ—llationes troops under the conduct of Henry Bagnall 32 Sir Henry the Marshal a bitter enemy of the Earls to relieve it the Earl spurred on with revenge and envy fell upon him with great fury near Armach 33 As he marched with divers troops the Marshal himself against whom he principally aimed was soon cut off in the very throng of his enemies whereby the Earl had the satisfaction of triumphing over his particular adversary and of gaining a considerable victory over the English For this was the greatest defeat they had ever had in Ireland no less than thirteen brave Captains and fifteen hundred common soldiers cut off either in the engagement or after they weere broken and dispersed Those that escaped imputed this loss to no cowardise in the soldiers but to the ill conduct of the General as 't is common at this day The Fort of Black-water surrendered presently hereupon for having held out already with great loyalty and valor against the very shocks of famine they saw there was now no relief to be expected This was indeed a famous victory and of great importance to the rebels having both arms and provisions by it The Earl being cry'd up throughout the Country as the glorious restorer of their liberty grew intolerably proud and insolent and sent Ouny Mac-Rory-Og-O-More and one Tirel of English original but now an implacable enemy with four thousand Rapparies into Munster 34 Sir Thomas Thomas Norris President of the Province went against them and advanced with a good body as far as Kilmalock but dispersed his forces without facing the enemy and retired to Cork The Rebels who had been joyned by many rakes and profligates that flocked from all parts to them as soon as they understood this fell to wast the Country drive booty and plunder and burn all castles houses or possessions of the English and put the men themselves to some cruel death where-ever they could find them They made James Fitz-Thomas one of the family of the Earls of Desmon Earl of Desmond yet so that he should hold it of O-Neal or the Earl of Ter-Oen having thus embroiled Munster for a month they marched home with their booty The Earl forthwith now sent his letters into Spain with a long account of these victories desiring not to credit the English in case they pretend he had requested a Peace with them that he had been obstinate in refusing any terms though never so reasonable and that he was resolved to persevere in his faith and loyalty to the King of Spain Notwithstanding he pretended to intercede both by letters and messengers with the Earl of Ormond at this very instant for leave to submit upon such and such unreasonable terms This was the miserable state of Ireland when Queen Elizabeth made Robert Earl of Essex Robert Earl oâ— Essex Lâ— Deputy 159â— eminent for his taking Cades from the Spaniards and for his great prudence as well as valor and loyalty Lord Deputy of Ireland to repair the losses it had formerly received with commission to make an end of this war and which he had wrested by his importunity a power to pardon all crimes even those of high treason for this used to be excepted in all the Patents of the former Lord Deputies in these express words all treasons touching our own person or the persons of our heirs and successors excepted And without doubt it was great wisdom to obtain this authority considering that the Lawyers hold all rebellions do touch the person of the Prince He was also allowed as great an army as he pleased such a one as had never been seen before in Ireland namely sixteen thousand foot and thirteen hundred horse which was made up afterwards twenty thousand compleat He had particular instructions to aim chiefly at the Earl of Tir-Oen as the heart and soul of this rebellion and level the stress and weight of this war against him without much regard to any other by planting garisons at Lough-Foil and Bala-Shannon a thing that he always reckoned of great consequence and charged as an oversight in the former Deputies Thus the Earl accompanied with the flower of the Nobility and the
any expence or writing by certain judges whom they choose among themselves and call Deemsters Deemsters For the Magistrate taketh up a stone and after he has mark'd it gives it to the plaintiff by virtue whereof he summons in his witnesses and the defendant If the case is difficult and of great consequence it is referred to the hearing of twelve men whom they call the Keys of the Island Keys of the Island Annos They have also certain Coroners these they call Annos who are instead of Sheriffs and execute their office As for the Ecclesiastical Judge he hears and determines all causes within eight days from the citation and the party must either stand to his sentence or go to gaol As their language is peculiar so likewise are their laws and money as I have heard which are both signs of a distinct soveraignty The Ecclesiastical laws in force here next after the Canon law come nearest to the civil Neither the Judge nor the Clerks of the Court have any fees either for the process or instruments As for those mischievous effects of witchcraft of which English writers tell us there 's nothing in it The richer sort and those that have estates imitate the gentry of Lancashire in splendid living and integrity The women never stir abroad but with their winding sheets about them to put them in mind of mortality If a woman be tried and receives sentence of death she is sow'd up in a sack and thrown from a rock into the sea Stealing and begging from door to door is universally detested The people are wonderful religious and all of them zealously conformable to the Church of England They are likewise great enemies to the disorders as well Civil as Ecclesiastical of their neighbour Countreys And whereas the whole Isle is divided into two parts south and north the Inhabitants of this speak like the Scots and those of the other like the Irish If I should here subjoin a short history of the affairs of this Island it would be worth my while and truth it self seems to challenge it that hereby I may preserve the memory of such actions as are if not already buried in oblivion yet next door to it That this Island as well as Britain was possessed by the Britains is granted on all sides But when the northern nations broke in like a violent tempest upon these southern parts it became subject to the Scots In the time of Honorius and Arcadius Orosius says that it was as much inhabited by the Scots as Ireland was * By others Built and Ninius tells us of one Binle a certain Scot that held it Yet the same author observes that they were driven out of Britain and the Isles belonging to it by Cuneda the Grandfather of Maglocunas who from the cruel ravages he made in this Island is call'd the Dragon of the Isles by Gildas Afterwards this Island and likewise Anglesey aforesaid was subjected to the English Monarchy by Edwin King of the Northumbrians if we suppose them both to be signified by the word Menaviae as Writers would have us think At this time it was reputed a British Island At last when the north overswarming a second time sent out another Brood of Normans Danes and Norwegians to seek their fortune in the world the Norwegians who most sadly infested this sea by their piracies possessed themselves of this Island and the Hebrides and set up petty Princes over them of whom I will here add this Historical Account as it is word for word in an old Manuscript lest it should perish by some unlucky accident The title it bears is Chronicon Manniae i.e. A Chronicle of Man It seems to have been written by the Monks of Russin-Abbey the most eminent Monastery that was in this Island A CHRONICLE of the KINGS of MAN IN the year of our Lord 1065. died Edward King of England of pious memory to whom Harold son of Godwin succeeded Harold Harfager King of Norway rais'd war against him and was so beaten at a battle at Stainfordbridge that his men ran away In this flight one Godred sirnamed Crovan the son of Harold the black escaping out of Iseland came to Godred the son of Syrric King of Man at that time and was honourably entertained by him The same year William the Bastard conquered England and Godred the son of Syrric King of Man died and was succeeded by his son Fingall An. 1066. Godred Crovan got a numerous fleet together and arrived at Man where he fought with the inhabitants but was overcome and put to flight Having rallied his forces and his fleet he landed again at Man fought the inhabitants and was routed by them Having rais'd a great army the third time he came by night to the port called Ramsa and laid an ambuscade of three hundred men in a wood upon the hollow brow of a hill call'd Scacafel As soon as the sun was up the inhabitants drew themselves up in battalia and fell upon Godred with great violence When both parties were close engaged the three hundred men that lay in ambush behind came out to the assistance of their Countrymen and put the Islanders to flight When they saw themselves overcome and no place to retreat to for the tide was in so that there was no passing the river Ramsa and the enemy was at their heels pursuing them in a moanful manner they petitioned Godred to spare their lives Godred being moved with compassion at the calamitous condition of a people among whom he had himself been brought up for some time recall'd his army and hindred them from making any farther pursuit The next day Godred gave his army their choice whether they would divide the lands of the Isle among them and live there or seise upon the wealth and substance of the Country and return home with it But his army was rather for spoiling the Island and enriching themselves with the goods of it and so for departing However Godred himself with some of the Islanders that stayed with him settled in the south part of the Island and granted the north part to the remains of the natives upon condition that none of them should ever presume to claim any part of it as their inheritance Hence to this very day the whole Island is the King 's and all the rents that arise in it belong to him Godred then reduced Dublin and a great part of Laynestir As for the Scots he brought them to such subjection that if any of them built a ship or a boat they durst not drive * Plus quam tres clavos inscrere above 3 nails in it He reigned sixteen years and died in the Island call'd Yle leaving three sons Lagman Harald and Olave Lagman being eldest seised upon the Kingdom and reigned seven years His brother Harald continued a long time in rebellion against him but being at last taken he had his privy members cut off and his eyes put out Afterwards Lagman
defeated This occasion'd a general Insurrection in Scotland of both Earls and Barons against the King of England There was also at this time a Quarrel between the King of England and Roger Bigod Earl Marshal but this was soon made up S. Lewis a Frier minor Son of the King of Sicily and Archbishop of Cologn died this year This year also the son and heir of the King of Maliager i.e. of the Islands of Majorac instituted the Order of the Friers-minors at the direction of S. Lewis who bid him go and do it Item Leghlin in Ireland with other Towns were burnt by the Irish of Slemergi Item Calwagh O Hanlen and Yneg Mac-Mahon were slain in Urgale MCCXCVIII Pope Boniface IV. on the morrow of the Feast of S. Peter â—â—d S. Paul all things being then quiet made Peace between England â—â—d France upon certain Terms Item Edward King of England â—â—d an Army again into Scotland to conquer it There were slain 〈◊〉 this Expedition about the Feast of S. Mary Magdalen many â—â—ousands of the Scots at Fawkirk The Sun appear'd that day 〈◊〉 red as Blood in Ireland while the Battel at Fawkirk continu'd â—â—em about the same time the Lord King of England gave his Knights the Earldoms and Baronies of those Scots that were slain â—n Ireland Peace was concluded between the Earl of Ulster and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas about the Feast of Simon and Jude Also â—â—e morrow after the Feast of the seven Sleepers the Sun-beams â—ere chang'd into a bloodish colour all the morning to the great â—dmiration of every one Item This year died Thomas Fitz-â—aurice Knight and Sir Robert Bigod sometime Justiciary in the â—ench Item In the City Artha as also Reath in Italy during â—â—e stay of Pope Boniface there happen'd so great an Earthquake â—â—at Towers and Palaces fell down and the Pope and his Cardiâ—als fled out of the City with great consternation Item on the Feast of Epiphany there was an Earthquake in Engâ—â—nd from Canterbury to Hampton but not so violent MCCXCIX Theobald Lord Botilter the younger died in the Mannor of Turby on the second day before the Ides of May His Corps were convey'd towards Weydeney i. e Weney in the County of Limerick on the 6th day before the Calends of June Item Edward King of England married the Lady Margaret Sister to the noble King of France in Trinity-church at Canterâ—ury about the Feast of the Holy Trinity Item the Sultan of Baâ—ylon with a great Army was defeated by Cassan King of Tarâ—â—ry MCCXCIX On the day after the Purification there was an inâ—â—â—ite number of Saracen-horse slain besides as many Foot Item There was this same year a Fight of Dogs at Genelon-castle in â—urgundy the number of the Dogs were 3000 and all kill'd but â—â—e Item This year many Irish came to the Castle of Roch â—efore the Annunciation to give some disturbance to the Lord Theâ—bald de Verdon MCCC The * Numisma Pollardorum Pollard-mony was prohibited in England and Ireland Item King Edward enter'd Scotland with an Army in Autumn but was stay'd by an order from Pope Boniface and to excuse himself sent certain Envoys to the Court of Rome Item Thomas son â—o the King of England was born at Brotherton by Margaret the King of France's Sister on the last day of May. Item Edward Earl of Cornwall dy'd this year without issue and was buried in â—he Abby of Hailes MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd Scotland with an Army Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and Sir John Fitz-Thomas Peter Bermingham and many others set sail from Ireâ—and to assist him Item A great part of the City of Dublin was â—urnt down together with the Church of S. Warbutga on S. Caâ—â—mb's day at night Item Sir Jeffrey Genevil married the daughâ—er of Sir John Montefort and Sir John Mortimer married the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Genevil and the Lord Theobald Verdon married the daughter of the Lord Roger Mortimer The People of Leinster took up Arms in the Winter and burnt the Towns of Wyklo and Rathdon c. but they suffer'd for 't for the greater â—art of their Provisions at home was burnt up and their Cattel â—ole so that they had certainly famish'd if a sedition had not hapned among the English at that juncture Item A small company of the Brenies were defeated this year by the Tolans and 300 of those Robbers were cut off Item A great part of Mounster was wasted by Walter Power and many Farm-houses burnt MCCCII This year died the Lady Margaret Wife to Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland on the 3d day before the Ides of April And in the week following Maud Lacy the Wife of Sir Geffery Genevil died also Item Edmund Botiller recoverd the Mannour de S. Bosco Holywood forte with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging from Sir Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin by a Fine in the King's bench after the feast of S. Hilary Item the Flemings defeated the French in Flanders at Courtenay the Wednesday after the feast of S. Thomas In this Engagement were slain the Earl of Artois the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Hue Ralph de Neel Constable of France Guy de Nevil Marshal of France the Earl of Hennaund's son Godfrey de Brabant and his son William de Fenles and his son James de S. Paul lost his hand and fourty Baronets were kill'd that day with Knights Squires c. without number The Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Ireland were exacted by Pope Boniface for three years as a Subsidy for the Church of Rome against the King of Arragon Item upon the day of the Circumcision Sir Hugh Lacy made an inroad upon Sir Hugh Vernail and drove off his Beasts This year Robert Brus Earl of Carrick married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster Item Edward Botiller married the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Thomas The City of Bourdeaux with others thereabouts which Edward King of England had formerly lost by a sedition of the French were now restor'd upon S. Andrew's-eve by the means of the Lord John Hastings MCCCIII Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster and Sir Eustace Power invaded Scotland with a strong Army But after that the Earl himself had made 33 Knights in the Castle of Dublin he passed over into Scotland to assist the King of England Item Gerald the son and heir of Sir John Fitz-Thomas departed this life This year the King and Queen of France were excommunicated with all their Children by Pope Boniface who also confirm'd the privileges of the University of Paris Soon after the Pope was taken Prisoner and kept as it were in Prison three whole days Soon after the Pope dy'd The Countess of Ulster died likewise about this time Item Walran Wellesly and Sir Robert Percivall were slain this year on the 11th day before the Kalends of November MCCCIV A great part of Dublin was burnt down viz. the Bridge-street a good part of
the Key the Church of the Preaching Friers the Church of the Monks and no small part of the Monastery about the Ides of June namely on the feast of S. Medard Item This year was laid the foundation of the Quire for Friers-Predicants in Dublin by Eustace Lord Pover on the feast of the Virgin S. Agatha Item After the purification the King of France invaded Flanders in person with a brave Army He behav'd himself gallantly in this War and in one Battel had two or three Horses kill'd under him But at last he lost the Cap under his Helmet which the Flemings carried off upon a Spear in derision and in all the great Fairs in Flanders it was hung out at a high Window of some great House or other like the Sign of an Inn or Tavern as the Token of their Victory MCCCV Jordan Comyn and his Accomplices kill'd Moritagh O Conghir King of Offaley and Calwagh his * Germanum whole Brother and certain others in the Court of Sir Peter Bymgeham at Carryck in Carbery Likewise Sir Gilbert Sutton Seneschal of Weisford was slain by the Irish near the Village of Haymond Grace which Haymond fought stoutly in this Skirmish and escap'd by his great Valour Item In Scotland the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick without regard to his Oath of Allegiance to the King of England kill'd Sir John Rede Comyn within the Cloister of the Friers-minors of Dunfrese and soon after got himself crown'd King of Scotland by the hands of two Bishops the one of S. Andrews and the other of Glasco in the Town of Scone to the ruin of himself and many others MCCCVI In Offaley near Geshil-castle a great defeat was given to O Conghor by O Dympcies on the Ides of April O Brene K. of * Tothomoniae Towmond died this year Donald Oge Mac-carthy Donald Ruff King of Desmond A sad overthrow was given to a Party of Piers Brymegham in the Marches of Meth on the fourth day before the Kalends of May. Balimore in Leinster was burnt by the Irish and Henry Calfe slain there at the same time whereupon a War broke out between the English and the Irish in Leinster and a great Army was drawn together from all parts against the Irish Sir Thomas Mandevil a gallant Soldier in this Expedition had a sharp conflict with the Irish near Glenfell wherein he fought bravely till his Horse was slain and won great honour for the saving the lives of several others as well as his own Item Thomas Cantok Chancellour of Ireland was consecrated Bishop of Ymelasen in Trinity-Church at Dublin with great honour the Elders of Ireland were present at this Consecration and there was such great feasting both for the rich and for the poor as had never been known before in Ireland Item Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin died on S. Luke's-eve and was succeeded by Master Richard Haverings who held that See almost five years by the Pope's dispensation At last he resign'd his Archbishoprick and was succeeded by John Lech The cause of this resignation as the Archdeacon of Dublin his nephew a man of note hath said was a dream which he had one night wherein he fancied That a certain monster heavier than the whole world stood upright upon his breast and that he renounc'd all the goods he had in this world to be rid of it When he waken'd he began to reflect how this was certainly the Church of Dublin the fruits whereof he had received without taking pains to deserve them Upon this he went to the Lord the Pope as soon as he could with whom he was much in favour and relinquish'd his Archbishoprick For he had as the same Archdeacon averr'd other benefices of greater value than the Archbishoprick itself Item On the feast of Pentecost at London King Edward conferr'd Knighthood upon his son Edward and four hundred more sixty of whom were made by the said Edward of Carnarvan as soon as he was knighted He held his feast in London at the new Temple and his father gave him the Dutchy of Aquitain Item On the feast of S. Potentiana the Bishops of Winchester and Worcester by an order from the Pope excommunicated Robert Brus the pretended King of Scotland and his party for the death of John Rede Comyn This year upon S. Boniface's day Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroch and Lord Guy Earl cut off many of the Scots and the Lord Robert Brus was defeated near the town of S. Johns This year about the nativity of S. John baptist King Edward went by water from Newark to Lincoln toward Scotland Item This year the Earl of Asceles the Lord Simon Freysell the Countess of Carryck and the pretended Queen of Scotland daughter to the Earl of Ulster were taken Prisoners The Earl of Asceles and the Lord Simon Freysell were torn to peices The Countess remain'd with the King in great honour but the rest died miserably in Scotland Item About the feast of the Purification two brothers of Robert Brus that were both pyrats were taken prisoners with sixteen Scots besides as they landed to plunder the country the two brothers were torn to pieces at Carlile and the rest hanged Item Upon S. Patrick's day Mac Nochi and his two sons were taken prisoners near the New Castle in Ireland by Thomas Sueterby O boni and there Lorran Obons a great robber was beheaded MCCCVII On the third before the kalends of April Murcard Ballagh was beheaded by Sir David Caunton a valiant Knight near Marton and soon after Adam Dan was slain On Philip and Jacob's day Oscheles gave the English a bloody defeat in Connaght Item The castle of Cashill was pull'd down by the rapparies of Offaly and on the eve of the translation of S. Thomas they also burnt the town of Lye and besieg'd the castle but this was soon rais'd by John Fitz-Thomas and Edward Botiller Item This year died King Edward the first and his son Edward succeeded him who buried his father in great state at Westminster with honour and reverence Item Edward the younger married the Lady Isabell the King of France's daughter in S. Mary's church at Bologn and shortly after they were both crown'd in Westminster Abby Item The Templars in foreign parts being condemn'd for heresie as it was reported were apprehended and clapt in prison by the Pope's mandate In England likewise they were all taken the very next day after Epiphany In Ireland also they were taken into custody the day after the Purification MCCCVIII On the second of the ides of April died the Lord Peter de Bermingham a noble champion against the Irish Item On the 4th of the ides of May the castle of Kenin was burnt down and some of the guards slain by William Mac Balthor Cnygnismy Othothiles and his partisans Item On the 6th day before the ides of June the Lord John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland was defeated with his army near Glyndelory In this encounter were slain John
Ulster came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland upon whose coming the fair Weather suddenly turned foul and there was nothing but rainy and tempestuous Weather whilst he liv'd None of his Predecessors were comparable to him for he oppress'd the Irish and robbed both Clergy and Laity of their Goods neither did he spare the Poor more than the Rich under a colour of doing good he defrauded many He observed neither the Ecclesiastical nor Civil Laws He was injurious to the natural Irish and did Justice to few if any wholly distrusting all the Inhabitants except some few And being mis-led by his Wife's Counsel these things were his daily Attempts and Practices Item In March as he was going into Ulster through a Pass call'd Emerdullan he was there set upon by one Maccartan who robb'd him of his Mony Cloaths Goods Plate and Horses and kill'd some of his men But at last the chief Justice with the Ergalians got the Victory and made his way into Ulster MCCCXLV The seventh of June there was a Parliament held at Dublin where the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was not present Item D. Ralph Ufford the Chief Justice of Ireland after S. John Baptist's day without the consent of the Irish Nobility set up the King's Standard against D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond and marched into Munster where he seized on the Earl's Estate and farmed it out to others for a certain yearly Rent to be paid the King Item Whilst he was in Munster he gave Sir William Burton two Writs who was to give one of them to D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare The Contents of which were That under the forfeiture of his whole Estate he forthwith repair unto him with a considerable force to assist the King and him The other was an Order to Sir William Burton to apprehend the Earl of Kildare and imprison him which he finding impracticable persuaded the Earl who was preparing himself with his Army and levying forces to assist the Chief Justice that he should first go to the King's Council at Dublin and act in concert with them that in his Absence his Land might be kept safe and if any harm should come it shou'd be through the default of the Kings Council and not in him Upon this the Earl not distrusting Sir William nor any Plot that was against him prepar'd to go for Dublin where when he came altogether ignorant of the Treachery as he was consulting with the K.'s Council in the Exchequer on a sudden Sir William arrested him and he was taken and carried to the Castle Item The Chief Justice marched with his Army to O-Comill in Munster and to Kering where by treachery he took two Castles of the Earl of Desmond viz. the Castle of Ynyskysty and the Island-castle in which were Sir Eustace Poer Sir William Graunt and Sir John Cottrell who were first drawn and then in October hang'd Item The Chief Justice banished the Earl of Desmond with some other of his Knights After that in November he return'd with his Forces out of Munster to see his Wife then big with Child at Kylmainan near Dublin Besides what he had done to the Laity in indicting imprisoning and in robbing them of their Goods he had also plagued the Ecclesiastical Men as well Priests as Clerks by Arrests and Imprisonment to the end he might fleece them Item He revoked the Grants and Demises of their Lands bestowing them upon other Tenants as also the Writings concerning those Grants notwithstanding they were signed by him and sealed with the King's Seal Item The Earl of Desmond's 26 Mainprisers as well Earls as Barons Knights and others viz. William Lord Burke Earl of Ulster James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond Sir Richard Tuit Sir Eustace Poer Sir Gerald de Rochfort Sir John Fitz Robert Poer Sir Robert Barry Sir Moris Fitz-Gerald Sir John Wellesly Sir Walter Lenfaunt Sir Roger de la Rokell Sir Henry Traharn Sir Roger Poer Sir John Lenfaunt Sir Roger Poer Sir Matthew Fitz-Henry Sir Richard Wallis Sir Edward Burk son to the Earl of Ulster David Barry William Fitz-Gerald Fulk Ash Robert Fitz-Moris Henry Barkley John Fitz-George Roch and Thomas de Lees de Burgh who notwithstanding some of them had been at great Expences in the War with the Chief Justice and in pursuing of the Earls of Desmond yet he depriv'd them of their Estates and disinherited them and sent them all to Prison during the King's pleasure except four viz. William Burg Earl of Ulster James Botiller Earl of Ormond c. MCCCXLVI On Palm-sunday which was on the 9th of April D. Ralph Ufford the Lord Chief Justice died whose death was very much lamented by his Wife and Family but the loyal Subjects of Ireland rejoyced at it and both the Clergy and Laity out of joy did on purpose celebrate a solemn Feast at Easter Upon his death the Floods ceased and the Air again grew wholesome and the common sort of People thanked God for it Being laid in a strong sheet of Lead his Countess very sorrowfully conveyed his bowels with his Treasure not worthy to be bestowed among such holy Relicks into England where he was Interr d. And at last on the second of May a Prodigy which without doubt was the effect of divine Providence this fine Lady who came so gloriously into Dublin with the King's Ensigns and a great number of Soldiers attending her through the Streets where she lived a short time like a Queen of Ireland went out privily at a back Gate in the Castle to avoid the Peoples Clamors for their just Debts and in her disgraceful return home was attended with the Symptoms of death sorrow and heaviness Item After the death of the said Chief Justice Robert Lord Darcy by the consent of the King's Ministers and others was chosen to supply the office of Chief Justice for the time being Item The Castles of Ley and Kylmehede were taken and burnt by the Irish in April Item John Lord Moris being made Chief Justice of Ireland arrived here the 15th of May. The Irish of Ulster gave a great defeat to the English of Urgale in June three hundred at least of them were cut off Item Moris Chief Justice of Ireland was turn'd out of that office by the King and Walter Lord Bermingham put in who came into Ireland with his commission in June sometime after the great slaughter but now mention'd Item The care and preservation of the peace was committed by the King for some time to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond Having receiv'd this order on the eve of the exaltation of the holy Cross he embark'd immediately thereupon with his Wife and two Sons at Yoghil and arriv'd in England where he pressed hard in a suiâ— at law to have justice against Ralph Ufford the late Lord Chief Justice for the wrongs he had done him Item by the King's order the Earl was to be allow'd twenty shillings a day from the time of his first arrival during
Sir Hugh 529. Wroxeter 544 552 553. Wroxhall 504. Wulfere 111 Wulpett 371. Wulstan 246 268 519. Wydhgrig 688. Wydhva 692. Wye 196 221. River 161 232 233 494 575 596. Wyn R. 670. Wyr 794. Wyre-Forest 517 519. Wythicombe 39. Y YAle 566. Yanesbury-castle 89 105. Yardley-hastings 434. Y are fl 385. Yarmouth 128 388 397. Yarum 775 782. Yd what 489. Yda what 349. Ydron-Barony 987. Yellow-Oker 78. Yelvertons 401. Yeverin 861. Yew-trees 164. Yield whence derived cliii Ykenild-street 509 513 539 Y-kill what 740. Ylhingwyn-Lake 592. Ynis-Enlhi 643. Curcy Isle 1014. Ligod 1051. Yoghal 980. York Party defeated by the Earl of Warwick 256 270. routed by the Lancastrians 300. their Device 434 435. York 717 719 720 721 734 735· Dukes of 412 435 710 711 756 757 767. Yorkswold 735. YORKSHIRE 705 723. EAST RIDING of 735 741. NORTH-RIDING of 7â—9 WEST-RIDING 705 72â— Young Master to King James 897. Yrwith 601. Ys what 545. Ystrad Klwyd what 672. Ystwith fl 642. Z ZEister Barony 895. Zâ—nnan a Parish 20. Zester Baron 894. Zouch Eudo de la 78 437 443 Baron of Richard castles 237 443. Alen de la 122 161 443 444· a noble Family 28 33 403 429 437 442 493 545 777. Baron 28. Zouches of Harringworth Barons 61 437 444. of Ashby 444. ADVERTISEMENT AN UNIVERSAL ENGLISH DICTIONARY Explaining all difficult English Words Ancient and Modern And the Terms used in all Sciences and Arts. Together with the Etymology of Words and the Inventions of Things Collected from the most esteem'd Authors ancient and modern and made much more compleat and exact than any hitherto extant By several Persons particularly learned in the Sciences they undertake to speak of The whole digested into Alphabetical Order will be contained in one Volume in Folio which is now ready for the Press and will be Published in a few Months By Abel Swall and Tim. Child at the Vnicorn at the West-end of St. Paul's Church-yard An APPENDIX containing some short ADDITIONS and EMENDATIONS IN the Life Page 9. Col. 1. line 24. after effectual add Recommendation P. lxiv. l. 19. And so Agricola P. lxxiii l. 9. Cl. Corn. Laelianus P. 19. l 74. For King Arthur's read Prince Arthur's P. 132. at Alresford for 1610. read 1690. P. 157. l. 21. read his Grandchild P. 182. Charles and not Heneage Finch is Earl of Winchelsea P. 215. under Otford instead of Chester write Legecester and for Dorchester read Dunwich P. 290. In the Additions to Bedford observe That 't is of late much improv'd by new Buildings and a fair Market-house the River also is made navigable Ibid. To what our Author has said of Ampthill add That 't is a Town extraordinarily improv'd by many brick-buildings but especially by a beautiful Market-house and convenient Sessions-house where the Assize for the County have been frequently held at the charge of the right honourable the Earl of Alesbury who has there in the middle of a most pleasant Park a beautiful house built by the Countess of Pembroke the model whereof was devis'd by the incomparable Sir Philip Sidney in his Arcadia It has been likewise noted for a Palace belonging to King Henry 8. where Queen Catharine liv'd during the attempt of the Divorce and from whencâ— she was cited to appear before the Commissioners at Dunstable Three miles from Ampthill is discover'd a Gold-mine which they work with such great hopes as the Undertakers have offer'd 60 years purchace for the Land P. 291. To what is said of Dunstable add That after the Coronation of King Charles 2. the wives of two Blacksmiths were at the same time deliver'd of three Children each one of three Boys and the other of three Girls P. 432. In relation to what Mr. Camden has said of Wedon on the street insert in the Additions That Station is not properly placed at Wedon on the street which is not found to produce any Testimony of that nature either as to Coins or Entrenchments But there is a place somewhat more than a mile from it to the South which is now call'd by the name of Castle-Dikes which shews a clear demonstration of Antiquity and of what may be call'd Roman Antiquity 'T is in an enclosure within the Liberties of Farthingston where upon an Hill there are many Entrenchments the whole câ—mpass whereof contains about eleven Acres of Ground And in the highest part there stood as they say a Castle There is indeed a great deal of stone visible there but whether it be the foundation of such a Structure or whether it be the natural product of the Earth is not easily discover'd tho' the latter rather appears They have formerly it 's said in digging discover'd some ancient Works and a small sort of Tyle which might be part of some Roman Area The whole platform is so overgrown with Brush-wood that there is little now visible beside the Trenches only when the wood is down which they cut perhaps once in eight years there is a much clearer view of the whole There is at a small distance to the South-West an Entrenchment of another form running out more in length where they say a Town was situate but more properly a Roman Camp which by the form seems to have been pitch'd there There is a Town call'd Litchburrow which by its name and neighbourhood seems to lay a considerable claim of relation to Bennavenna and with great probability to make out its affinity rather than any other place in that part P. 454. Observe further of what is said of Melton-Mowbray That the present Church was formerly Collegiate may be easily evinc'd from its form which as almost all others of that nature is like a Cross from the Stalls which are yet to be seen in the Chancel and from a place in the Church where the Priests use to hang their Vestments There still remains the Organ-case with other Monuments of it's Religious Antiquity which manifest what it has formerly been Where the Chantry stood whether in that place call'd The Prior's Close lying at a small distance from the Town southward or in a place overthwart the street eastward from the Church is not easily discernable But upon further enquiry it plainly appears that what is now the Parsonage-house was so of old and not the Chantry-house as was once imagin'd P. 456. l. 5. Mr. Camden is in the right in affirming that Thomas Cromwell was Baron of Okeham P. 499. At the Vale of Redhorse observe that Pillerton is three miles off the figure Tysoe had been a better direction to it P. 505. l. 16. Henry 3. seems to be an error for Henry the 8th in the 11th of whose reign John Voisey was consecrated Ibid. last line but three for dangling read dischevel'd P. 506. l. penult read Dividing this County from Leicestershire passes northward by High-cross P. 510. l. 8. Sir Robert Shirley is now Lord Ferrars of Chartley. Ibid. l. 20. for Ealenden read Eatingdon The Works at Chesterton are not
Cistercian Monks 1140. Hol. This after the dissolution of the Abbeys pass'd through several hands and is now the seat of Edmund Prideaux Esq whose father bought and re-edify'd it t after it has wash'd Axanminster a town famous only in ancient histories for the tombs of those Saxon princes who were slain in the bloody battle at Brunaburg and brought hither it stands on the very edge of this County Under this place Reginald Mohun of Dunster to whom the mannour of Axminster came hereditarily by the fourth daughter of William de Briewr built the Abbey of Newenham â—â—ham 〈◊〉 in the year 1246. From hence the Eastern bounds run crookedly by less noted villages to the Severn-sea which we will now trace The first shore from Cornwall which for a long way lies upon the Severn-sea is call'd by Ptolemy Hercules's Promontory â—â—es's â—â—toâ— It keeps something of that name in what we call it at this day Hertypoint and hath in it these small towns Herton and Hertlond formerly famous for the reliques of Nectan a holy man to whose honour a small monastery was here built by Githa â—â—nes Earl Godwin's wife who particularly esteem'd Nectan upon a conceit that her husband had escap'd shipwrack by virtue of his merits u Yet afterwards the Dinants also call'd Dinhams who came originally from Britaine in Armorica and held this place were counted the Founders from whom descended Baron Dinham High Treasurer of England in Henry the 7th's time by whose sisters and heirs this inheritance was divided between Zouche Fitz-warrin Carew and Arundell x Sammes Britannia pag. 56. The name of this Promontory has given credit to a very formal story â—o that Hercules forsooth came into Britain and kill'd I know not what Giants Whether that be true which some Mythologists affirm that there was no such man as Hercules but that it is a meer fiction to denote the strength of humane prudence whereby we subdue our pride lust envy and such like monsters or by Hercules be meant the Sun according to the Gentile divinity and those twelve labours undergone by Hercules be an emblem only of the Zodiack and it's twelve signs which the sun runs thro' yearly as to these let them that have asserted them look to the truth of them For my part I willingly believe there was a Hercules nay that there were 43 of them as Varro does all whose actions were ascrib'd to that one the son of Alâ—mena Yet I cannot imagine that ever Hercules came here unless he was wasted over in that cup which Nereus gave him whereof Athenaeus makes mention But you 'l object that Franciscus Philelphus in his Epistles and Lilius Giraldus in his Hercules affirm this very thing With submission these later writers may move me but they will not convince me when Diodorus Siculus who has writ the history of Greece from the first known ages of it expresly tells us that neither Hercules nor Bacchus ever went into Britain And therefore I take it for granted that the name of Hercules was given to this place either by some Greeks out of vanity or some Britains upon a Religious account These being a warlike nation had brave men in great admiration and those in the first place that destroy'd monsters the Greeks on the other side dedicated every thing they found any where magnificent to the glory of Hercules and because he was a great traveller they who travel'd were wont to offer him sacrifices and consecrate the places where they arriv'd to him Thus comes Hercules's Rock in Campania Hercules's Haven in Liguria Hercules's Grove in Germany and Hercules's Promontories in Mauritania Galatia and Britain As the shore goes back from this Promontory of Hercules two rivers the Towridge and Taw which are the only rivers in this north-part of the County fall from one mouth into the sea The Towridge rising not far from the Promontory of Hercules alâ—eady mention'd runs towards the east and receiving the Ocke which has given name to Ockhampton a little market-town Doomesday where Baldwin the Viscount had his castle in William the Conqueror's time 11 From whom it descended to the Courtneys suddenly turning his channel maketh Northward insulating in a manner Potheridge the mansion of the family surnam'd Monke Happily for that some one of them being a profess'd Monk by dispensation to continue his house return'd to temporal estate as that noble house in France surnamed Archevesque that is Archbishop took that naeme to continue the memory that one of the progenitors of an Archbishop return'd by dispensation to be a temporal man Certainly from whencesoever the name came they have worshipfully march'd and not long since with one of the daughter of Aâ—thur Plantagenet Viscount Lisley natural Son to K. Edward the IV. as it appears from Domesday w it turns it's course suddenly towards the north by Tourington Tourington to which it gives that name seated on the side of a hill and lying along for a good way upon it x and Bediford Bediford pretty famous for resort of people and for an arch'd stone bridge y and then it presently joins the Taw which rising in the very heart of the County is first carry'd by Chimligh Chimligh a little market town not far from Chettelhampton Chattelhampton a little village where Hierytha kalendar'd among the She-saints was bury'd From thence flowing by Tawton J. Hooker of the Bishops of Exeter where Werstan and Putta first Bishops of Devonshire had their See about the year 906 and Tawstoke which stands over against it now the seat of the most honourable the Earl of Bath Berstaple it rushes on to Berstable This is look'd upon as an ancient town and for neatness and populousness easily surpasses any town upon this coast situated between hills in the form of a semicircle upon the river which makes as it were the diameter to it This river every new and full moon upon a spring-tide overflows the fields to that degree that the town it self seems a Peninsula but then as the Poet says when the sea withdraws into it self again 't is so small that it can hardly support little vessels being dilated in an uneven course among the sand On the south there is a stately bridge built by one Stamford a citizen of London on the north near the confluence of the little river North-Ewe are seen the remains of a castle which commonly is said to be built by King Athelstan but some ascribe it to Judael de Totenais For the defence of it some lands hereabouts are held in Castle-gard It had formerly walls quite round whereof there is hardly the least sign now extant This Judael de Totenais had it given him upon tenure by King William 1. and after that the Tracies held it a considerable time next to them the Martins and after in the reign of Richard 2. it came to John Holland Earl of Huntingdon who was afterwards Duke of
Exeter and last of all to the Crown But Queen Mary gave this mannour as our Lawyers call it to Thomas Marrow whose son sold it In the reign of William 1. as it is in Domesday it had forty burgesses within the Burg and nine without Henry 1. endow'd it with many privileges and K. John with more For a long time it was govern'd by a Mayor and two Bailiffs but Queen Mary granted it a Mayor two Aldermen and a Common-Council of four and twenty The inhabitants for the most part are merchants who drive a considerable trade with France and Spain Nor must I forget to take notice of two very learned men and most famous Divines bred in this School Joh. Jewell John Jewel Bishop of Salisbury Th. Harding and Thomas Harding Professor in Lovain who have very hotly and very nicely writ and engag'd one another in points of Religion From hence the Taw passing by Ralegh which formerly belonged to it's noble lords of the same name but now to the famous family sirnam'd de Chichester and after that enlarg'd by the river Towridge runs into the Severn sea Kenuith but finds not Kinuith castle mention'd by Asserius Yet there was upon this coast a castle of that name and so situated that there was no approaching it on any side but the east here in the year 879 Hubba the Dane who had harass'd the English and cut off many of them was himself cut off The place from thenceforward was call'd Hubbestow by our Historians At the same time the Danish standard call'd Reafan was took by the English Which I the rather observe because from a story in Asserius Menevensis who has writ these transactions it may be gather'd that the Danes us'd a crow for their standard which is said to have been wrought in needle-work in their Ensign by the daughters of Lothbroc the Dane portending them invincible as they imagin'd There is nothing henceforward to be seen on this North shore besides Ilfarcombe which is a pretty safe harbour for ships z and Combmarton joyning to it under which some old lead-mines not without veins of silver Combe what it signifies Nicotius have been open'd lately Now Combe that I may once for all observe it which is commonly added to the names of places in these parts signifies a low situation or a vale and perhaps may come from the British word Kum which has the same meaning and the Fâ—ench retain it in the same sense to this day 12 From the ancient Gallick Language the same with old British aa More to the south-east from hence and next to Somersetshire stands Bampton Bampton formerly Baentun which in William the Conqueror's time fell to Walter de Doway or Duacensis with very large estates in other parts of whose posterity Juliana an heiress marry'd to William Paganell Paganell or Panell commonly Paynell had issue Fulco de Bampton he had a son William and Christiana the wife of Cogan an Irishman whose posterity came to the estate the heir of William dying without issue From the Cogans it went hereditarily to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath by Hancford and the Fitz-warins bb Earls of Devonshire In the beginning of the Norman Government not to mention Hugh the Norman whom Queen Emma had formerly made Ruler of this County King William 1. made one Baldwin hereditary Viscount of Devonshire and Baron of Okehampton who was succeeded in this honour of Viscount by his son Richard who dy'd without issue male K. Henry 1. afterwards conferr'd upon Richard de Redveriis first Tiverton and after that the honour of Plimpton with other places appertaining to it and then made him Earl of De vonshire Ford Abbâ—y Register granting him the third penny of all the revenues of that County Now the revenues of that County belonging to the King did not at the utmost exceed 30 marks out of which the said Earl was to deduct ten yearly for his own share After these he obtain'd the Isle of Wight of the said King and thence was stil'd Earl of Devonshire and Lord of the Isle He had a son Baldwin who for siding with Mawd the Empress against Stephen was banish'd Yet Richard the son recover'd his Father's honour who left two sons Baldwin and Richard in their turns Earls of Devonshire but dy'd without issue And then this honour fell to their Uncle William sirnam'd de Vernon 13 Because he was born there He had a son Baldwin who dy'd in the life-time of his father having first by Margaret the daughter of Guarin Fitz-Gerold had Baldwin the third of that name Earl of Devonshire He had two children Baldwin the last Earl of this family who dy'd without issue and chang'd the Gryphon clenching a little beast which his ancestors us'd in their seal into a scutcheon or a lion rampant azure and Isabel who was married to William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle and had a son Thomas who dy'd young and Avellina who was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Lancaster whom she very much enrich'd But she soon dying without issue Hugh Courtney descended as they write from the Royal line of France and related to the former Earls was by K. Edw. 3. by his letters only without any other ceremony created Earl of Devonshire 14 And link'd as Cousin and next heir to the said Isabel Claus 〈◊〉 9 Ed. â—â— 35. in 〈◊〉 For he commanded him to use that title 15 And by a precept to the High-Sheriff of the Shire commanded he should be so acknowledg ' d. Reginald Courtney was the first of this family that came into England brought hither by K. Henry the second and him advanc'd with the marrige of the heir of the Barony of Okehampton for that he procur'd the marriage between the said King and Elenor heir of Poictou and Aquitam But whether he was branch'd from the house of Courtney before it was match'd in the Royal blood of France or after which our Monks affirm but du Tillet Keeper of the Records of France doubteth I may say somewhat in another place Hol. Our Historians tells us that the branch of that family which seated is self here was deriv'd from the Royal house of France But however that matter be there is one branch still in France known by the title of Princes of Courtenay as being lineally descended from Lewis le Grosse King of France Another branch came to be Emperors of Constantinople and enjoyed that Dignity for three or four descents Another seated it self in the East where Jocelin de Courtnay famous in the Holy Wars was made Count of Edesâ—â— He was succeeded by his son Hugh after him Edward his grandchild by his son Edward enjoy'd it and dying left it to his son Hugh He likewise to a son Thomas who dy'd in the 36 of K. Hen. 6. This Thomas had three sons Thomas Henry and John whose fortune during the bloody wars between the houses of York
birth of S. Wolstan the famous Bishop of Worcester who being educated in the Abbey of Peterburrow was shorn a Monk in the Monastery at Worcester and afterwards became Bishop of the place An. 1060. upon the removal of Aldred to the See of York This town was anciently one of the chief of this County as appears by the large number of hides it contain'd in the Conquerour's Survey and by its being rank'd in the number of those few which in 15 Hen. 2. were put under the title De auxilio villarum burgorum ad maritandam filiam Regis whereunto the inhabitants hereof paid C. shillings f From hence to the South-west lyes Chesterton Chesterton which shows a threefold evidence of its antiquity the first it carries in the name for the Saxon Ceaster and so our Chester comes plainly from the Roman Castrum and is not originally a German word but us'd by them here in England after the Romans had left it And this is plain from Mr. Burton's observation That he never found the termination added to any places but such only where the Romans had built their Castra The second mark is its nearness to the Roman Foss upon which 't is evident that at convenient distances places of entertainment were built for the reception of the Armies in their march The third token is that in the compass within which the Roman building is suppos'd to have stood several old coins have been digg'd up And these three arguments amount to little less than a demonstration of its Roman antiquity g Let us now return to the East-part and follow the course of the river Avon upon which we first meet with Rugby Rugby in Domesday-book written Rochebery which name ‖ Warwickshire p. 26. Sir William Dugdale derives from a Roche a rock or quarrey of stone For such says he there is westward from this town about half a mile and 't is very like that the ground whereon the town stands being high is of the same condition There was formerly at it a little castle which stood about a furlong from the Church northwards as is to be seen by the banks of earth and part of the moat yet remaining The fore-cited Author is of opinion that it was built in the time of King Stephen who fearing an invasion from the Empress granted leave to the Nobility to build every man his castle within his own grounds Not far from Rugby is Brounsover Brounsover upon the East-bank of the river Swift in the original whereof as also of many other names of the same termination I must crave leave to dissent from Sir William Dugdale who tells us that over us'd upon those occasions signifies always supra above over or higher And where it has nether answering it in the name of a place at some little distance the case is plain but whenever such a place stands upon a river I think it is more natural to fetch it from the Saxon ofre ripa a bank which as it is suited to the condition of the place so does it prevent the absurdity of laying down a relative name without a correlative to answer it This conjecture will I am confident approve it self by instances in most Counties in England as it does particularly in Warwickshire More towards the West we find Stretton Stretton so nam'd from its situation upon that Stratum or Street of the Romans call'd the Foss There is another place of this name not far from Stow in Lincolnshire which likewise stands upon a Roman Causey and that name wheresoever it occurs throughout this kingdom seems to have the same original which observation may perhaps now and then be of use to persons of curiosity whose inclinations lead them to the tracing out of such ways Going along with the Foss towards Leicestershire at a little distance from it Dugd. War p. 50. is Monks-kirkby where are certain tokens of a Roman station For by digging the ground near the Church there have been discover'd the foundations of old walls and Roman bricks There are also three or four heaps of earth in an adjoyning pasture apparently the monuments or Sepulture of some military persons in those days which badges are sufficient to prove that it hath been a place of note many hundreds of years since But what my Author adds And it may very well be that those materials for building by reason of the ruins before mention'd so ready at hand became a special motive to that renown'd Lady Aethelfleda so much taken notice of by our old Historians and stil'd Merciorum Domina to begin the structure of this place This I say I cannot agree to for two reasons the first because that place is call'd in Saxon Cyricbyrig and I have never observ'd that their byrig passes into our modern by or bie nor is this termination the same with byrig as Sir William Dugdale intimates which comes from beorg collis and includes in its signification a rising ground such as their forts were generally built upon whereas the other implies no more than a bare dwelling place without any respect to the situation and is if I mistake not of Danish original by meaning the very same thing in the old Islandick My second reason is that another place offers it self with a greater colour of probability It is Chirbury on the West-part of Shropshire which as it retains the old name so lying upon the frontiers of the kingdom of Mercia and not far from the Severn it seems to me a much more proper place than the other Next is Warwick Warwick in the description whereof our Author has been very particular as to matters of Antiquity but has left us little concerning its situation tho' that be pretty singular It stands on a hill which is one entire rock of free-stone out of whose bowels were wrought all the publick buildings that adorn it Each of the four ways to it answering the four points lead you by a Religious house through a rock and through streets which all meet in the centre of the town The wells and cellars are made in the rock and the descent every way keeps it clean Under it on the South is a fruitful Champain Country on the North are groves woods and parks i The Castle is now made a most noble and delightful seat the height of the solid rock from the river on which it stands is 40 foot but on the North side it stands even with the town which particularly is adorn'd with two publick buildings a County-hall and a Market-house and is now supply'd with water brought in pipes from Springs at half a miles distance k Besides the monuments of the Beauchamps the Church of St. Mary is honour'd with those of Robert and Ambrose Dudley Earls of Leicester On the north side also of the Quire in an octangular room formerly the Chapter-house is a stately monument black and white marble of Fulk Lord Brook erected by himself in his life-time
and circumscrib'd with this Epitaph Fulk-Grevil servant to Queen Elizabeth Counsellor to King James and friend to Sir Philip Sidney Trophaeum Peccati In the Church it self lies John Rous a native of this place and Chantry-priest of Guy's Cliff Sir William Dugdale calls him a famous Antiquary and Leland and Bale give him a character as ample when they tell us he had devoted himself wholly to the study and search of Antiquities particularly of this his native place and to that end had view'd and examin'd most Libraries in England Here lies also John Cartwright first Master of the Earl of Leicester's Hospital whom Mr. Camden in his Elizabeth stiles Inter Puritanos Antesignanus l The story of the famous Guy of this place is so much obscur'd by fables and Romances that 't is difficult to determine how far it ought to be credited 'T is certain however that some Centuries since the greatest of the Earls of Warwick have paid a mighty veneration to his memory William Beauchamp call'd his eldest son after him Guy Thomas by his last will bequeath'd the Sword and Coat of Mail of this Guy to his son another Christen'd a younger son by the name of his successor and dedicated to him a noble Tower the walls whereof are 10 foot thick the circumference 126 the height from the bottom of the ditch upward 113 foot Another left a Suit of Arras wherein were wrought the heroick Acts of Guy as an heirloom to his family Lastly his sword and other Accoutrements now to be seen in the Castle were by Patent 1 Hen. 8. granted to William Hoggeson Yeoman of the Buttery with the see of two pence per diem for that service Whether it was the example of this Heroe that put a spirit in his successors I know not but we find by our Histories that from the Conquest to the death of Ambrose Dudley there was scarce any one considerable scene of action wherein the Earls of Warwick made not a great figure Two miles below Warwick is Barford Barfâ—râ— where there is still living one Samuel Fairfax born in the year 1647. who when he was 12 years of age dwelt under the same roof and eat at the same table with his father and mother grandfather and grandmother great grandfather and great grandmother who all liv'd very happily together and none of the three generations of either sex had been twice marry'd m Then the Avon runs to Stratford given by Ethelardus a Viceroy of Worcestershire to the Bishoprick of Worcester 300 years before the Conquest The Church was Collegiate and the College is still standing in the Chancel lies William Shakespear a native of this place who has given proof of his genius and great abilities in the 48 Plays he has left behind him The stone that covers him has this Inscription Good friend for Jesus sake forbear To dig the dust inclosed here Blest be the man who spares these stones And curst be he that moves my bones n From hence we are carry'd by the same river to the Arrow Arrow which runs into this a little below Bitford I was once of opinion that it was this river the Danes sail'd up when they had a design upon the kingdom of Mercia being induc'd to it by the common conjecture and the similitude of ArÆ¿an the ancient name and Arrow the present What made it yet more plausible was the reading of Florence of Worcester and Hovden wherein I find the same river call'd Arewe But upon weighing the circumstances of that action I found a necessity of quitting my opinion tho' without the good fortune of meeting with any other place where I could safely settle it For first Arrow rises in Worcestershire and does not run long before it joyns it self to the Avon being no way so considerable as to be capable of carrying vessels tho' very small Then the history tells us they went out of the Thames and after they had compass'd their design brought the spoil into the river Medway in Kent which makes it very probable that this place was not at so great a distance as Warwickshire What if we should say that Orwel a good large river which parts Essex and Suffolk was the place 'T is more than probable that this initial Or was formerly Ar because that change has been very usual and at the side of this river is a place call'd Arwerton and why may not Harwich have been formerly call'd ArÆ¿ic and not HereÆ¿pic as Camden imagines who very often sets down Saxon names without the authority of Records unless he had some which I could never yet see If this conjecture seem a little too much strain'd why may not the reading of the Saxon Annals into ArÆ¿an be false for to ArÆ¿an and so that name rather denote the place whither they went than the river Nothing is more common in ancient Copies than such errors and if ArÆ¿an may be changed into Waran the river may be Lee and and the place Ware But these are bare conjectures to which I cannot reasonably challenge any man's positive assent o Leaving the Avon and following the river Arrow we first meet with Alcester â—â—celster Dâ—gd â—at p. 568. the termination whereof tempts us to expect something of Antiquity It 's situation likewise upon the Roman way Ykenild street raises our expectation yet higher and upon the authority of Sir William Dugdale who tells us that old foundations of buildings Roman bricks and coins both of gold silver and brass have been frequently found there we need not scruple to affirm that this was formerly a Roman Station About fifty years ago in an old foundation where they were digging a Cellar there was an urn taken up with 600 and odd pieces of Roman coin in it eight of them gold and the rest silver Most of them are of Roman Emperours and the Reverses generally different They fell to the right honourable the Lord Brooke as Lord of the manour and are now in the hands of his Lady p To follow Mr. Camden let us next go to Kenelworth 〈◊〉 or Killingworth which pass'd from Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester to Sir Robert Dudley his natural son who sold it to Prince Henry and he dying without issue it came into the hands of Prince Charles who committed the custody of it to Robert Earl of Monmouth Henry Lord Carey his eldest son and Tho. Carey Esquire the inheritance whereof is granted to Lawrence Viscount Hide of this place and Earl of Rochester King Edw. 2. was for some time detain'd Prisoner here They still find balls of stones 16 inches diameter suppos'd to have been thrown in slings in the times of the Barons wars Robert Earl of Leicester is said to have laid out 60000 pound in repairing building and adorning it He entertain'd Queen Elizabeth and the Court 17 days with all the varieties and magnificence both of feasting and shews In which time he spent 320 hogsheads of ordinary beer as appears by the