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england_n no_o man_n be_v capable_a to_o be_v a_o judge_n unless_o he_o have_v understanding_n in_o the_o law_n to_o perform_v that_o office_n therefore_o shall_v the_o king_n grant_v to_o one_o who_o be_v most_o learned_a a_o judge_n place_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n as_o to_o his_o heir_n it_o be_v void_a and_o the_o same_o it_o be_v if_o such_o a_o grant_n be_v make_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o consequent_o if_o the_o lord_n shall_v prescribe_v that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o parliament_z time_n have_v without_o mention_v it_o to_o be_v with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o judge_n reverse_v erroneous_a judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o in_o any_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v disallow_v judge_v as_o a_o evil_a use_n
not_o consonant_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n or_o reason_n it_o be_v without_o any_o disparagement_n to_o their_o lordship_n all_o one_o if_o not_o better_a when_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n err_v in_o judgement_n to_o have_v it_o determine_v by_o cast_v of_o lot_n for_o whether_o right_a or_o wrong_a judgement_n be_v give_v if_o the_o lord_n determine_v it_o it_o be_v but_o chance_n whether_o they_o pursue_v the_o law_n or_o not_o and_o if_o by_o lot_n expense_n of_o money_n be_v save_v therefore_o clear_v it_o be_v to_o examine_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n be_v in_o effect_n for_o the_o same_o person_n to_o judge_v whether_o themselves_o err_v or_o not_o and_o so_o whether_o the_o lord_n have_v or_o have_v not_o this_o power_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n report_n be_v still_o depend_v upon_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o that_o act_n be_v pass_v from_o they_o as_o before_o appear_v a_o appeal_n lie_v by_o a_o action_n or_o suit_n at_o law_n unto_o the_o judge_n who_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v whether_o that_o statute_n be_v bind_v or_o void_a and_o therefore_o clear_a and_o manifest_v it_o be_v that_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n the_o last_o and_o final_a sentence_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o i_o think_v for_o a_o nation_n which_o have_v be_v govern_v so_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n by_o a_o know_a law_n and_o under_o it_o so_o flourish_v a_o people_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v be_v and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v agree_v who_o be_v the_o final_a judge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v so_o gross_a a_o thing_n as_o that_o all_o foreign_a nation_n hear_v of_o it_o can_v but_o account_v we_o man_n to_o have_v lose_v our_o wit_n in_o every_o constitution_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o difficult_a even_o among_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o profession_n in_o some_o particular_a question_n arise_v to_o determine_v what_o the_o law_n be_v but_o not_o to_o know_v what_o person_n have_v authority_n to_o decide_v those_o question_n be_v most_o ridiculous_a the_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o conspicuous_a as_o that_o all_o person_n even_o from_o the_o most_o learned_a unto_o the_o most_o ignorant_a may_v equal_o alike_o discern_v the_o man_n which_o consider_v i_o conceive_v it_o necessary_a not_o only_o for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n of_o england_n which_o have_v herein_o be_v gross_o deceive_v but_o for_o the_o vindication_n and_o honour_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n establish_v so_o far_o to_o digress_v as_o in_o a_o word_n to_o show_v how_o this_o fond_a question_n be_v raise_v and_o controvert_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v thus_o this_o nation_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o know_a law_n that_o law_n â—â—dgeth_v the_o king_n to_o be_v our_o only_a supreme_a governor_n give_v power_n to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o two_o house_n and_o no_o other_o to_o alter_v that_o law_n and_o to_o make_v new_a law_n and_o to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n it_o ascribe_v the_o power_n final_o to_o declare_v the_o law_n now_o such_o who_o aim_n be_v to_o usurp_v sovereignty_n or_o to_o swallow_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o nation_n can_v hope_v to_o effect_v their_o end_n by_o submit_v to_o the_o know_a law_n that_o be_v to_o commit_v a_o crime_n &_o immediate_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o block_n therefore_o they_o must_v either_o deceive_v the_o people_n by_o mis-informing_a they_o what_o the_o law_n be_v else_o by_o strong_a hand_n to_o enforce_v upon_o they_o a_o new_a law_n for_o their_o own_o purpose_n now_o that_o the_o member_n aim_v be_v at_o no_o less_o than_o all_o be_v too_o too_o apparent_a but_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o distraction_n they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o force_v the_o people_n therefore_o their_o judgement_n must_v be_v deceive_v hereupon_o the_o plot_n be_v that_o the_o member_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v gain_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v the_o final_a judge_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v effect_v thus_o the_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o good_a law_n obtain_v of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o member_n procurement_n be_v inclinable_a to_o believe_v whatever_o they_o propound_v then_o the_o member_n vote_v thus_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o declare_v what_o the_o law_n of_o vote_n the_o land_n be_v it_o be_v a_o high_a breach_n of_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n to_o question_v it_o this_o be_v publish_v and_o the_o people_n by_o incendiary_n spread_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n for_o that_o purpose_n by_o false_a calumny_n cast_v upon_o the_o king_n be_v gross_o abuse_v the_o member_n work_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n finish_v then_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o power_n of_o the_o militia_n declare_v that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n person_n but_o virtual_o in_o they_o and_o from_o thence_o what_o make_v for_o their_o advantage_n how_o gross_a soever_o do_v but_o the_o member_n declare_v it_o for_o law_n and_o good_a enough_o thus_o the_o justice_n seat_n even_o by_o a_o sleight_n become_v both_o dispute_v and_o usurp_v but_o now_o the_o scale_n be_v turn_v the_o people_n understanding_n be_v enlighten_v they_o see_v how_o gross_o they_o be_v mislead_v they_o find_v that_o whilst_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o law_n both_o king_n and_o subject_a be_v preserve_v in_o their_o person_n life_n and_o fortune_n that_o by_o this_o usurpation_n the_o know_a law_n be_v subvert_v and_o consequent_o that_o protection_n vanish_v but_o as_o the_o people_n have_v change_v their_o opinion_n so_o have_v the_o member_n frame_v a_o new_a argument_n they_o have_v leave_v the_o word_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o sword_n they_o have_v army_n to_o back_v they_o their_o will_n be_v now_o the_o law_n and_o resolve_v whilst_o they_o can_v by_o force_n to_o hold_v it_o thus_o we_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o gulf_n of_o misery_n whereas_o have_v the_o people_n be_v but_o half_a so_o careful_a to_o have_v find_v out_o the_o truth_n as_o they_o be_v industrious_a to_o effect_v their_o own_o destruction_n these_o calamity_n have_v be_v prevent_v when_o the_o difference_n first_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o member_n have_v not_o the_o people_n leap_v into_o their_o own_o ruin_n but_o take_v the_o least_o consideration_n thereof_o have_v they_o bethink_v themselves_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v right_o inform_v what_o the_o law_n be_v they_o must_v have_v resolve_v that_o as_o we_o have_v a_o law_n consequent_o there_o must_v so_o long_o have_v be_v a_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n but_o the_o member_n neither_o exercise_v or_o pretend_v any_o such_o power_n one_o minute_n beyond_o the_o foresay_a vote_n and_o for_o authority_n to_o make_v their_o pretence_n good_a none_o can_v be_v produce_v but_o that_o their_o own_o testimony_n in_o this_o their_o own_o case_n and_o in_o a_o thing_n of_o no_o less_o concernment_n than_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o their_o own_o use_n and_o enslave_v the_o people_n to_o their_o own_o pleasure_n hereupon_o doubtless_o the_o people_n will_v have_v conclude_v that_o not_o the_o member_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v the_o man_n unto_o who_o all_o person_n be_v oblige_v to_o submit_v for_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o be_v too_o great_a a_o power_n for_o the_o judge_n for_o say_v they_o those_o person_n may_v and_o do_v err_v in_o judgement_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o corruption_n as_o in_o that_o case_n of_o ship-money_n answer_n it_o be_v true_a the_o judge_n have_v err_v and_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o shipmoney_n they_o do_v err_v and_o be_v corrupt_v too_o and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v but_o they_o shall_v again_o and_o again_o err_v &_o be_v corrupt_a yet_o until_o we_o have_v other_o creature_n than_o man_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o judge_n this_o objection_n ought_v to_o be_v disallow_v we_o find_v the_o member_n to_o be_v no_o go_n and_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o business_n conclude_v to_o be_v too_o great_a for_o the_o judge_n i_o answer_v that_o that_o power_n must_v be_v in_o some_o to_o have_v a_o law_n without_o a_o judge_n final_o to_o end_v controversy_n be_v worse_o than_o to_o have_v no_o law_n at_o all_o and_o to_o have_v a_o law_n and_o a_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o profession_n be_v a_o degree_n worse_o than_o
when_o the_o law_n be_v only_o declare_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n treason_n to_o kill_v or_o to_o attempt_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n the_o queen_n or_o prince_n or_o that_o it_o be_v not_o felony_n to_o steal_v or_o the_o like_a such_o declaration_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n they_o ought_v not_o they_o do_v not_o they_o can_v conclude_v the_o judge_n and_o as_o every_o statute_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o they_o whether_o it_o be_v bind_v or_o void_a so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n thereof_o must_v be_v by_o the_o judge_n expound_v too_o it_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n which_o be_v the_o law_n not_o the_o bare_a letter_n and_o this_o exposition_n be_v likewise_o the_o office_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o example_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v 1_o eliz._n it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o lease_n make_v afterward_o by_o any_o bishop_n of_o his_o church-land_n exceed_v print_v 21._o year_n or_o three_o life_n shall_v to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v judge_v void_a and_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v both_o in_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o in_o the_o common_a plea_n that_o a_o lease_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n be_v not_o void_a against_o that_o bishop_n himself_o who_o be_v lessor_n wherein_o the_o judge_n expound_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n to_o be_v thus_o that_o their_o intent_n be_v only_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o successor_n not_o to_o relieve_v any_o man_n against_o his_o own_o act_n therefore_o such_o lease_n make_v after_o the_o statute_n exceed_v twenty_o one_o year_n or_o three_o life_n be_v voidable_o only_o by_o the_o successor_n if_o they_o please_v and_o adjudge_v not_o void_a against_o the_o lessour_n himself_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v other_o infinite_a act_n of_o parliament_n expound_v by_o the_o judge_n wherein_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o their_o exposition_n of_o statute_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o 352._o common_a law_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v the_o member_n be_v not_o the_o interpreter_n for_o they_o know_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n beside_o the_o parliament_n can_v be_v the_o final_a expounder_n of_o statute_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o it_o appear_v before_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a letter_n but_o the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n can_v declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n they_o can_v say_v our_o law_n otherwise_o speak_v what_o ever_o they_o act_n or_o do_v in_o any_o other_o way_n be_v extrajudiciall_a if_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n unanimous_o deliver_v a_o opinion_n without_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o former_a statute_n it_o be_v of_o no_o more_o nor_o great_a force_n or_o effect_n then_o for_o the_o judge_n of_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n in_o a_o point_n of_o law_n in_o a_o case_n not_o judicial_o depend_v before_o they_o such_o a_o opinion_n bind_v not_o nor_o be_v pleadable_a in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o beside_o the_o absurd_a inconvenience_n and_o the_o impossibility_n to_o have_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o determine_v every_o question_n arise_v upon_o statute_n it_o may_v so_o happen_v as_o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n can_v never_o give_v a_o end_n to_o one_o controversy_n for_o example_n suppose_v a_o act_n be_v make_v to_o explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o former_a statute_n ambiguous_o pen_v the_o word_n of_o this_o act_n must_v have_v a_o meaning_n too_o and_o may_v admit_v of_o several_a interpretation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a act_n do_v and_o several_a person_n as_o they_o be_v therein_o concern_v may_v differ_v in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o and_o so_o irreconcilable_a as_o not_o to_o be_v end_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o this_o may_v fall_v out_o upon_o every_o act_n of_o explanation_n upon_o explanation_n in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o consequent_o by_o that_o way_n there_o can_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o the_o difference_n 2._o the_o validity_n of_o every_o statute_n and_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o at_o the_o will_n of_o every_o person_n concern_v may_v regular_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n but_o can_v judicial_o depend_v before_o the_o parliament_n for_o example_n every_o statute_n be_v bind_v or_o void_a if_o bind_v it_o concern_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o person_n or_o estate_n and_o when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o minister_n or_o actor_n therein_o may_v at_o the_o will_n of_o he_o interrupt_v thereby_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n or_o in_o some_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n by_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n by_o which_o suit_n what_o ever_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v both_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n thereof_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n and_o to_o their_o judgement_n as_o suppose_v this_o case_n to_o arise_v upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 6._o that_o one_o who_o have_v continue_v sheriff_n above_o one_o year_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n do_v arrest_v the_o body_n of_o a._n who_o for_o this_o bring_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o which_o the_o sheriff_n justify_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o writ_n a._n reply_n plead_v the_o statute_n and_o show_v that_o the_o year_n be_v end_v before_o the_o arrest_n upon_o which_o the_o sheriff_n demur_n in_o law_n by_o these_o plead_n the_o whole_a fact_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n the_o sheriff_n do_v acknowledge_v his_o year_n be_v out_o before_o the_o arrest_n and_o a._n confess_v the_o arrest_n be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o so_o the_o question_n be_v matter_n of_o law_n it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n wherein_o the_o sole_a doubt_n be_v whether_o that_o statute_n be_v bind_v or_o void_a for_o if_o bind_v judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n a._n because_o the_o statute_n be_v good_a the_o defendant_n be_v not_o sheriff_n after_o his_o year_n end_v when_o he_o make_v the_o arrest_n and_o so_o have_v no_o authority_n if_o void_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o sheriff_n for_o then_o the_o law_n be_v not_o by_o it_o alter_v and_o so_o he_o be_v sheriff_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o arrest_n although_o his_o year_n be_v out_o now_o in_o this_o case_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o judge_n must_v give_v judgement_n else_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n which_o be_v absurd_a to_o imagine_v have_v not_o power_n to_o determine_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v as_o in_o this_o case_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v for_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v already_o resolve_v and_o receive_v for_o a_o know_a truth_n that_o the_o foresay_a statute_n bind_v not_o the_o king_n this_o duty_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o person_n say_v the_o book_n 14._o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v sever_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v final_a and_o so_o if_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n by_o name_n shall_v not_o be_v condemn_v or_o punish_v for_o murder_n who_o afterward_o commit_v the_o fact_n for_o which_o be_v arraign_v at_o the_o king_n bench_n bar_n he_o plead_v the_o statute_n the_o judge_n even_o against_o the_o express_a word_n and_o intent_n of_o that_o act_n aught_o to_o give_v sentence_n of_o death_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o pardon_n for_o felony_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v judge_v void_a after_o which_o a_o subject_n commit_v felony_n obtain_v the_o king_n pardon_n for_o it_o be_v arraign_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o plead_v this_o pardon_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v allow_v be_v due_o plead_v and_o the_o justice_n in_o such_o case_n ought_v not_o to_o condemn_v but_o to_o acquit_v the_o prisoner_n and_o these_o judgement_n as_o to_o any_o appeal_n to_o the_o parliament_n be_v final_a they_o can_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n by_o any_o suit_n or_o action_n at_o law_n they_o can_v judicial_o determine_v any_o