uteri_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v very_o true_a to_o say_v that_o the_o structure_n and_o use_n of_o the_o tuba_fw-la in_o woman_n and_o the_o cornua_fw-la in_o brute_n have_v nothing_o essential_o different_a see_v that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o example_n of_o the_o conception_n make_v in_o the_o tuba_fw-la we_o have_v some_o observation_n which_o do_v manifest_a to_o we_o that_o this_o tuba_fw-la have_v sometime_o also_o a_o evident_a cavity_n we_o have_v here_o put_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la of_o a_o woman_n in_o which_o we_o find_v two_o apparent_a cavity_n which_o make_v some_o wind_a eight_o line_n long_o and_o near_o two_o broad_a at_o their_o beginning_n which_o from_o the_o fundus_fw-la uteri_fw-la do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o tuba_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o of_o the_o cornua_fw-la a_o little_a below_o the_o testicle_n there_o be_v a_o long_a body_n of_o a_o nervous_a substance_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o ligamenta_fw-la teretia_n for_o it_o descend_v into_o the_o groin_n and_o be_v there_o dilate_v like_o a_o goose_n foot_n as_o in_o woman_n it_o be_v original_n be_v only_o different_a in_o this_o that_o in_o woman_n these_o ligament_n proceed_v from_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tuba_fw-la begin_v a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o testicle_n soranus_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v in_o a_o woman_n this_o round_a ligament_n which_o he_o call_v the_o cremaster_fw-la of_o the_o testicle_n of_o woman_n which_o be_v fasten_v near_o the_o testicle_n even_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o lioness_n the_o mediastine_n be_v not_o pierce_v like_o a_o net_n as_o in_o the_o first_o lion_n but_o its_o membrane_n be_v thick_a and_o continue_a the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n three_o of_o each_o side_n and_o one_o in_o the_o middle_n those_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o left_a the_o whole_a parenchyma_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v scirrhous_a the_o 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not_o equal_o extend_v about_o the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o the_o concavitie_n of_o the_o choroide_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o chameleon_n it_o be_v represent_v alive_a perch_v on_o a_o tree_n somewhat_o crooked_a towards_o the_o side_n which_o it_o ascend_v to_o discover_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n in_o the_o part_n which_o the_o dissection_n discover_v a._n the_o gallbladder_n b._n the_o left_a lo_n e_o of_o the_o liver_n c_o c._n the_o right_a d._n the_o oesophagus_n e._n the_o ventricle_n f._n the_o pylorus_n g._n the_o ductus_fw-la cholidocus_fw-la h._n the_o vena_fw-la porta_n i._o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k_o k_o k._n the_o intestin_n l_o m._n a_o membrane_n which_o hold_v all_o these_o part_n link_v together_o and_o suspend_v n._n the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la o._n the_o left_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n p._n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o lung_n blow_v up_o and_o 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natural_a as_o moral_a philosophy_n the_o change_n of_o its_o colour_n and_o the_o particular_a manner_n of_o feed_v which_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o have_v in_o all_o age_n give_v great_a admiration_n and_o exercise_n to_o those_o that_o do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o those_o wonder_n which_o naturalist_n have_v relate_v of_o this_o inconsiderable_a animal_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a symbol_n use_v in_o rhetoric_n and_o ethic_n to_o represent_v the_o base_a compliance_n of_o courtier_n and_o flatterer_n and_o the_o vanity_n wherewith_o simple_a and_o light_a mind_n do_v feed_v themselves_o it_o be_v very_a name_n in_o tertullian_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o serious_a meditation_n upon_o false-glory_n and_o he_o propose_v it_o as_o the_o example_n of_o the_o impudence_n of_o cheat_n and_o boaster_n it_o be_v not_o know_v true_o why_o the_o greek_n have_v bestow_v so_o fine_a a_o name_n upon_o so_o vile_a and_o ugly_a a_o beast_n by_o call_v it_o the_o little-lyon_n or_o dwarf-lyon_n according_a to_o isidâ—…re's_n etymology_n gesner_n say_v that_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v the_o lion_n without_o mention_v wherein_o panarolus_n will_v have_v it_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v crooked_a at_o the_o end_n as_o he_o say_v like_o the_o lion_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o chameleon_n nor_o the_o lion_n have_v a_o crooked_a tail._n it_o will_v be_v more_o probable_a to_o place_v the_o resemblance_n on_o the_o crest_n which_o they_o both_o have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o casque_n but_o it_o appear_v on_o the_o lion_n head_n only_o when_o the_o fleâ—…h_n of_o the_o musculi_fw-la crotophitae_fw-la be_v cut_v off_o licetus_n think_v that_o this_o name_n be_v give_v it_o because_o as_o the_o lion_n hunt_v and_o devour_v other_o animal_n so_o the_o chameleon_n catch_v fly_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o a_o little_a worm_n which_o hunt_v and_o take_v ant_n as_o albertus_n have_v describe_v be_v call_v formicaleon_n and_o that_o a_o little_a lobster_n as_o pliny_n and_o athenaus_n report_n be_v name_v lion_n because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o chameleon_n be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o fourfooted_a beast_n which_o do_v lay_v egg_n as_o the_o crocodile_n and_o lizard_n which_o it_o sufficient_o resemble_v save_v that_o its_o head_n and_o back_o be_v not_o flat_a like_o the_o lizard_n who_o have_v likewise_o much_o short_a leg_n with_o which_o it_o crâ—…wls_v very_o fast_o along_o the_o ground_n whereas_o the_o chameleon_n have_v long_a leg_n and_o go_v easy_o only_a upon_o tree_n where_o it_o delight_v itself_o much_o more_o than_o on_o the_o ground_n because_o that_o as_o it_o be_v say_v it_o fear_v the_o serpent_n from_o which_o it_o can_v secure_v itself_o by_o flight_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o spy_v
man_n explain_v himself_o by_o a_o figure_n which_o leave_v those_o who_o will_v be_v deceive_v in_o their_o error_n without_o scandalize_a they_o and_o which_o make_v other_o to_o understand_v his_o meaning_n for_o the_o proverb_n be_v that_o the_o eye_n must_v be_v rub_v only_o with_o the_o elbow_n when_o it_o be_v sore_o to_o signify_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v touch_v at_o all_o he_o have_v intimate_v that_o there_o be_v no_o claw_n of_o the_o elk_n which_o infallible_o cure_v the_o epilepsy_n by_o say_v that_o there_o be_v none_o but_o that_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o the_o elk_n can_v put_v into_o its_o ear_n that_o can_v do_v it_o for_o he_o add_v this_o impossible_a qualification_n to_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o author_n do_v mention_n and_o which_o be_v very_o difficult_a but_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o make_v this_o remedy_n operate_v as_o to_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o one_o blow_n of_o a_o hatchet_n the_o animal_n be_v alive_a on_o st._n giles_n day_n from_o a_o male_n which_o be_v at_o rutilio_n and_o have_v not_o yet_o engender_v to_o manifest_v that_o the_o impostor_n which_o will_v sell_v elk_n claw_n have_v add_v all_o these_o difficult_a qualification_n to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o who_o have_v experience_v the_o claw_n of_o the_o elk_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v nothing_o may_v think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o want_n of_o some_o one_o of_o those_o qualification_n which_o be_v certain_o in_o that_o which_o the_o merchant_n present_v they_o have_v make_v these_o reflection_n on_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o ligament_n of_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o elk_n we_o observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o great_a canthus_n or_o corner_n of_o which_o be_v slit_v downward_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o stag_n fallow-deer_n and_o wild_a goat_n but_o after_o a_o fashion_n very_o extraordinary_a which_o be_v that_o this_o slit_n be_v not_o 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the_o right_a ventricle_n upon_o the_o left_a this_o eminence_n which_o be_v scarce_o visible_a in_o the_o heart_n of_o other_o animal_n be_v extraordinary_o apparent_a in_o this_o the_o septum_fw-la and_o rest_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o environ_v the_o left_a ventricle_n have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la artâ—…ria_fw-la be_v imperfect_a the_o brain_n comprehend_v the_o cerebellâ—…m_n be_v but_o four_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n the_o smallness_n of_o this_o part_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v a_o inch_n long_o seem_v to_o we_o as_o a_o argument_n capable_a of_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o believe_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o gland_n which_o be_v about_o the_o brain_n do_v not_o receive_v from_o it_o the_o humidity_n wherewith_o they_o usual_o be_v imbue_v but_o that_o they_o 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animal_n than_o in_o any_o other_o the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n exceed_v three_o line_n in_o length_n like_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o dromedary_n but_o its_o figure_n be_v conical_a as_o usual_o whereas_o the_o glandula_n of_o the_o dromedary_n have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o trefoil_n this_o greatness_n which_o to_o we_o seem_v very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o brain_n make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o those_o who_o follow_v erasistratus_n do_v attribute_n to_o the_o different_a formation_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o divers_a operation_n of_o the_o interior_a sense_n may_v fortify_v themselves_o in_o their_o opinion_n by_o some_o such_o like_a observation_n consider_v that_o lion_n bear_n and_o other_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a beast_n have_v this_o part_n so_o little_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o imperceptible_a and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o great_a in_o those_o which_o be_v timorous_a like_o the_o elk_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v so_o fearful_a that_o it_o die_v with_o fear_n when_o it_o have_v receive_v the_o least_o wound_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o never_o recover_v when_o he_o see_v the_o small_a drop_n of_o his_o own_o blood._n in_o the_o brain_n we_o likewise_o find_v another_o part_n who_o bigness_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o smell_a which_o be_v more_o exquisite_a in_o the_o elk_n than_o in_o any_o other_o animal_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o pausanias_n as_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v for_o the_o processus_n mammillare_v which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o that_o sense_n be_v without_o comparison_n great_a than_o in_o any_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v be_v above_o four_o line_n in_o diameter_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o coati_fw-la mondi_n the_o low_a
bone_n of_o a_o pullet_n thigh_n along_o the_o penis_n there_o be_v two_o vein_n very_o large_a and_o full_a of_o blood_n which_o go_v to_o the_o balanus_n the_o testicle_n be_v like_a to_o those_o of_o dog_n the_o epiploon_n be_v very_o small_a it_o have_v little_a fat_a and_o be_v a_o complication_n of_o fibres_n and_o fillet_n rather_o than_o a_o membrane_n it_o be_v not_o lay_v upon_o the_o intestine_n but_o tuck_v upon_o the_o ventricle_n the_o spleen_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o it_o be_v of_o a_o dark-red_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o stomach_n in_o its_o hollow_a part_n and_o blackish_a at_o the_o extremity_n in_o its_o gibbous_a part_n there_o be_v not_o observe_v any_o vessel_n in_o the_o external_a membrane_n of_o the_o ventricle_n except_o the_o coronaria_fw-la stomachica_fw-la which_o appear_v towards_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o soon_o disappear_v shoot_v forth_o a_o few_o branch_n the_o liver_n be_v somewhat_o blackish_a and_o of_o a_o substance_n 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hardly_o credible_a of_o the_o calf_n of_o the_o stature_n of_o we_o and_o can_v agree_v only_o with_o those_o which_o be_v take_v near_o england_n which_o according_a to_o gesner_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o bear_n or_o rather_o with_o those_o whereof_o gomara_n oviedo_n pedro_n ciesa_n and_o the_o last_o relation_n of_o the_o ant-isle_n do_v speak_v which_o be_v of_o a_o size_n so_o prodigious_a that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o seven_o thick_a but_o name_n be_v most_o frequent_o give_v to_o fish_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o resemblance_n that_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v pretend_v to_o certain_a thing_n whether_o that_o similitude_n be_v take_v from_o their_o shape_n or_o disposition_n thus_o the_o sea-sheep_n have_v this_o appellation_n because_o it_o be_v white_a and_o have_v crooked_a horn_n like_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v by_o some_o call_v a_o wolf_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o live_v on_o rapine_n nevertheless_o by_o this_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o sheep_n if_o compare_v to_o the_o sea-sheep_n and_o the_o sea-sheep_n ought_v on_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v call_v a_o wolf_n because_o that_o according_a to_o aelian_a the_o sea-sheep_n hunt_v the_o sea-calf_n and_o devour_v they_o the_o tongue_n be_v very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n be_v large_a flat_a and_o smooth_a it_o be_v fork_v and_o cut_v in_o two_o at_o the_o end_n as_o aristotle_n have_v remarque_v but_o not_o double_a round_o and_o small_a as_o in_o serpent_n and_o lizard_n as_o pliny_n describe_v it_o the_o larynx_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v proportionable_o large_a than_o in_o other_o animal_n it_o go_v half_a a_o inch_n in_o length_n beyond_o the_o glottis_fw-la to_o cover_v it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o be_v do_v more_o exact_o to_o close_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o this_o animal_n eat_v his_o prey_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o water_n from_o run_v into_o its_o lung_n the_o ventricle_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o intestine_a which_o be_v contract_v towards_o its_o two_o orifice_n severinus_n describe_v it_o round_o like_o a_o ostrich_n egg._n the_o interior_a membrane_n be_v fold_v and_o make_v several_a wrinkle_n severinus_n describe_v it_o without_o wrinkle_n these_o wrinkle_n from_o the_o superior_a orifice_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ventricle_n be_v wave_v and_o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o pylorus_n they_o be_v straight_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o the_o ventricles_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud_n in_o which_o the_o wrinkle_n of_o the_o low_a ventricle_n be_v straight_o and_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ventricle_n whereas_o in_o the_o upper_a they_o be_v transversal_a and_o oblique_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v find_v a_o round_a bottom_n of_o the_o sea-herb_n call_v by_o the_o seaman_n 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reason_n of_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v that_o he_o be_v take_v only_o for_o his_o gall_n which_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n for_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o vomit_v up_o this_o gall_n which_o be_v in_o his_o breast_n it_o be_v incredible_a that_o he_o can_v understand_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o fisherman_n unless_o that_o this_o sagacity_n be_v peculiar_a to_o it_o and_o other_o amphibia_fw-la such_o as_o be_v the_o castor_n serpent_n and_o frog_n which_o this_o same_o author_n report_v to_o take_v care_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v seek_v after_o so_o that_o the_o castor_n tear_v off_o the_o pouch_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o medicinal_a liquor_n of_o the_o castoreum_n the_o serpent_n do_v swallow_v the_o precious_a skin_n which_o they_o do_v cast_v at_o the_o spring_n the_o frog_n do_v daily_o vomit_v up_o certain_a salutiferous_a liquor_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o their_o body_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v kill_v for_o this_o liquor_n the_o kidney_n resemble_v not_o those_o of_o the_o otter_n as_o rondeletius_n say_v because_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o otter_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a small_a separate_a one_o which_o have_v each_o their_o emulgent_a vessel_n and_o particular_a ureter_n as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o bear._n the_o kidney_n of_o our_o subject_n be_v more_o like_a to_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o land-calf_n be_v cleave_v at_o top_n only_o in_o their_o surface_n by_o chap_n which_o do_v not_o sink_v very_o deep_a but_o these_o chap_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o in_o the_o land-calf_n and_o they_o make_v this_o kidney_n to_o seem_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n join_v together_o these_o kidney_n do_v likewise_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o the_o land-calf_n in_o that_o beside_o the_o great_a pelvis_n which_o be_v in_o the_o gibbous_a part_n of_o that_o kidney_n there_o be_v several_a other_o small_a one_o scatter_v in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o every_o of_o these_o small_a pelves_fw-la appertain_v to_o each_o of_o the_o little_a particular_a kidney_n of_o which_o the_o great_a one_o be_v compose_v and_o that_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o every_o of_o these_o particular_a kidney_n make_v but_o one_o single_a mass._n the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v all_o intersperse_v with_o very_o visible_a vessel_n which_o make_v rondeletius_n to_o say_v that_o the_o emulgent_n enter_v not_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n as_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o that_o they_o be_v distribute_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kidney_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o vessel_n in_o the_o left_a kidney_n be_v the_o branch_n or_o rather_o the_o root_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n which_o by_o reunite_a do_v form_v three_o great_a branch_n which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o emulgent_a do_v by_o the_o way_n receive_v this_o left_a kidney_n be_v accompany_v with_o a_o succenturiatus_fw-la which_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o filbert_n and_o immediate_o adhere_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o lung_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n on_o each_o side_n which_o be_v only_o a_o little_a transvers_o cut_v through_o the_o middle_n the_o heart_n be_v round_o and_o flat_a it_o be_v ventricles_n appear_v very_o large_a and_o its_o auricles_n very_o small_a the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n two_o inch_n in_o length_n before_o it_o return_v downward_o underneath_o the_o great_a aperture_n through_o which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la convey_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v another_o which_o penetrate_v into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o afterward_o into_o the_o aorta_fw-la this_o hole_n which_o be_v call_v the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi in_o the_o foetus_fw-la make_v the_o anastomosis_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o blood_n go_v from_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o aorta_fw-la without_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_o for_o the_o same_o use_n that_o this_o passage_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea-calf_n and_o foetus_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n which_o each_o have_v of_o live_v without_o respiration_n viz._n the_o foetus_fw-la whilst_o in_o the_o womb_n of_o its_o mother_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n whilst_o under_o water_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o circulation_n and_o that_o the_o blood_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v receive_v from_o one_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o be_v dilate_a be_v afterward_o thrust_v into_o the_o other_o ventricle_n by_o the_o compression_n of_o
without_o a_o cartilege_n at_o the_o place_n towards_o the_o backbone_n and_o which_o touch_v the_o oesophagus_n these_o ring_n be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n and_o so_o dispose_v that_o their_o extremity_n flatn_v and_o enlarge_v do_v each_o form_n as_o it_o be_v two_o wing_n or_o auricles_n which_o be_v lay_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o that_o for_o instance_n the_o low_a wing_n or_o auricles_n of_o the_o first_o cartilege_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o second_o which_o with_o its_o low_a wing_n do_v likewise_o cover_v the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o three_o which_o do_v cover_v its_o low_a wing_n with_o the_o upper_a one_o of_o the_o four_o this_o continue_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o all_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n which_o alone_o can_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v this_o extraordinary_a structure_n the_o residue_n of_o every_o ring_n which_o be_v the_o hard_a part_n be_v hollow_a in_o its_o middle_n and_o leave_v two_o eminency_n at_o its_o side_n this_o conformation_n do_v in_o this_o place_n make_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la more_o rough_a than_o it_o general_o be_v because_o that_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o two_o different_a substance_n which_o compose_v it_o namely_o the_o membrane_n and_o cartilege_n which_o be_v find_v in_o all_o fort_n of_o asperae_fw-la arteriae_fw-la this_o have_v over_o and_o above_o the_o inequality_n which_o the_o cavity_n or_o indenting_n that_o be_v in_o each_o ring_n do_v make_v the_o cornea_n in_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o other_o cow_n the_o iris_n be_v yellow_a a_o little_a incline_n to_o red._n the_o crystallinus_n be_v more_o convexbehind_n than_o before_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o cormorant_n in_o the_o low_a figure_n be_v observable_a the_o length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o its_o oblique_a situation_n the_o crooked_a figure_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a structure_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o have_v the_o great_a toe_n outward_o and_o the_o other_o inward_o be_v all_o four_o webbed_a together_o by_o membrane_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b._n represent_v the_o oesophagus_n blow_v up_o and_o tie_v at_o the_o top_n b_o c._n the_o ventricle_n blow_v up_o b._n the_o place_n where_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v straighten_a to_o make_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n d_o e._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la e._n a_o knot_n make_v of_o a_o bony_a ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la f_o f._n two_o musculous_a ligament_n which_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la with_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n g._n the_o heart_n h._n the_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n i._o the_o left_a lobe_n k._n the_o three_o lobe_n which_o be_v under_o the_o two_o other_o l._n the_o gallbladder_n m._n the_o pylorus_n n._n a_o part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n the_o inside_n of_o which_o be_v represent_v o._n the_o superior_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n p._n a_o part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n which_o be_v see_v on_o the_o inside_n q_o q._n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o ventricle_n cut_v asunder_o the_o interior_a of_o which_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o longish_n gland_n conglomerate_v and_o who_o point_n do_v make_v the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o ventricle_n rough_a like_o chagrin_n q._n the_o larynx_n r._n the_o tongue_n s_o t._n the_o right_a foot._n t._n the_o serrate_n or_o tooth_a claw_n which_o be_v on_o the_o second_o toe_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o cormorant_n this_o bird_n be_v call_v a_o cormorant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v crow-marine_n because_o that_o it_o be_v general_o all_o black_a and_o be_v a_o aquatic_a animal_n gesner_n say_v that_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v by_o albertus_n magnus_n call_v carbo_n aquaticus_fw-la gaza_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o corax_n of_o aristotle_n be_v this_o very_a bird_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o signify_v crow_n but_o likewise_o of_o the_o other_o mark_n by_o which_o this_o philosopher_n design_n it_o which_o do_v perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o cormorant_n that_o we_o describe_v it_o be_v twenty_o seven_o inch_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n expanded_a to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a many_o large_a on_o the_o sea-shore_n it_o be_v whole_a plumage_n be_v black_a or_o a_o very_a dark_a gray_a somewhat_o greenish_a on_o the_o wing_n except_o the_o belly_n and_o under_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v blackish_a which_o make_v these_o white_a part_n to_o seem_v spot_v with_o brown_a gesner_n report_v that_o in_o switzerland_n these_o cormorant_n which_o be_v there_o call_v scharbi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v coal_n have_v some_o of_o they_o white_a belly_n under_o the_o great_a plume_n which_o cover_v the_o body_n there_o be_v a_o gray_a down_o extreme_o fine_a and_o thick_a as_o in_o swan_n aldrovandus_n report_n that_o the_o skin_n of_o cormorant_n be_v prepare_v like_o those_o of_o vulture_n and_o use_v to_o cover_v and_o warm_v the_o stomach_n the_o feather_n which_o do_v garnish_n and_o adorn_v the_o neck_n be_v very_o short_a and_o those_o which_o do_v cover_v the_o head_n much_o short_a but_o they_o be_v very_o thick_a and_o small_a like_o fringe_n this_o demonstrate_v the_o cormorant_n not_o to_o be_v the_o phalocrocorax_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v no_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n and_o that_o pliny_n be_v deceive_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o aquatic_a crow_n which_o be_v the_o cormorant_n be_v natural_o bald_a and_o that_o this_o particularity_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n which_o it_o have_v among_o the_o greek_n belâ—…nius_n hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n these_o plume_n upon_o the_o head_n be_v four_o line_n in_o length_n straight_o and_o stare_v this_o make_v the_o head_n to_o appear_v less_o flat_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v although_o it_o very_o much_o appear_v so_o with_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n as_o well_o of_o the_o upper_a as_o low_a beak_n there_o be_v a_o skin_n without_o feather_n it_o be_v likewise_o extend_v round_o the_o eye_n this_o skin_n be_v red._n aldrovandus_n report_v that_o it_o be_v general_o white_a and_o gesner_n make_v it_o of_o a_o saffron-colour_n this_o same_o skin_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o beak_n upon_o the_o cavity_n which_o be_v general_o there_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v of_o a_o pale-yellow_a the_o bill_n at_o the_o side_n be_v grey_a mix_v with_o red_a and_o black_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v three_o inch_n in_o length_n from_o the_o open_n to_o its_o extremity_n it_o be_v crooked_a and_o very_o point_v at_o the_o end_n this_o beak_n serve_v he_o to_o catch_v fish_n but_o because_o that_o he_o can_v only_o swallow_v they_o backward_o or_o sidewise_o and_o can_v not_o convenient_o swallow_v the_o tail_n first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fin_n crest_n and_o scale_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o his_o throat_n he_o use_v to_o cast_v they_o in_o the_o air_n to_o receive_v they_o with_o the_o head_n first_o which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o much_o dexterity_n that_o he_o never_o miss_v this_o bird_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o fish_v by_o put_v a_o iron_n ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o neck_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o fish_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v very_o large_a make_v a_o kind_n of_o craw_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o ventricle_n and_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v make_v to_o cast_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beak_n there_o be_v not_o any_o hole_n for_o the_o nostril_n although_o in_o the_o palate_n there_o be_v one_o large_a enough_o to_o permit_v the_o vapour_n to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o smell_a the_o eye_n be_v small_a and_o situate_v very_o near_o the_o bill_n be_v shut_v the_o line_n which_o the_o eyelid_n make_v be_v somewhat_o more_o oblique_a than_o it_o general_o be_v in_o bird_n the_o foot_n be_v short_a not_o exceed_v four_o inch_n from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o be_v seven_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n these_o foot_n be_v very_o black_a and_o shine_v cover_v with_o long_a and_o strait_a scale_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o toe_n these_o four_o toe_n be_v webbed_a together_o by_o some_o membrane_n which_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v in_o a_o scotch_a goose._n these_o membrane_n be_v speckle_v like_o chagrin_n these_o four_o toe_n which_o
have_v as_o yet_o be_v see_v only_o by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n who_o have_v observe_v some_o of_o this_o nature_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o azygos_n and_o which_o he_o think_v to_o serve_v to_o hinder_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o azygos_n from_o return_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la but_o this_o conformation_n be_v extraordinary_a whatever_o this_o author_n say_v who_o averr'_v himself_o to_o have_v see_v it_o a_o thousand_o time_n because_o that_o all_o anatomist_n with_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n do_v testify_v and_o avow_v to_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a and_o never_o to_o have_v find_v valve_n in_o the_o vein_n who_o situation_n favour_v not_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n the_o carotide_n have_v be_v open_v long-way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v several_a ray_n like_o transverse_a cutts_n which_o interrupt_v the_o continuitie_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o this_o artery_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v make_v to_o knit_v together_o these_o fibre_n and_o to_o fortify_v they_o even_o as_o it_o be_v see_v in_o the_o fibres_fw-es of_o the_o right_a muscle_n of_o the_o belly_n which_o be_v so_o interrupt_v by_o the_o transverse_a line_n that_o they_o be_v call_v enervation_n it_o be_v search_v whether_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o crural_a artery_n but_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o even_a and_o have_v not_o these_o cutts_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o diameter_n the_o crystalline_a be_v more_o convex_a behind_o than_o before_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o pintado_n the_o pintado_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o low_a figure_n have_v no_o tuft_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o beak_n like_o that_o who_o head_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n as_o to_o other_o particular_n the_o ten_o which_o we_o describe_v have_v all_o that_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o viz._n the_o tail_n turn_v downward_o as_o it_o be_v in_o partridge_n the_o neck_n and_o leg_n long_o than_o partridge_n be_v the_o foot_n provide_v with_o membrane_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o waterfowl_n the_o head_n cover_v with_o a_o casque_n the_o top_n of_o the_o beak_n garnish_v with_o two_o appendix_n and_o the_o whole_a plumage_n black_a or_o dark-gray_a spekle_v with_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n a_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v uncover_v b_o be_v that_o which_o be_v cover_v by_o another_o feather_n c_o d._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o belly_n c_o the_o part_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o cover_v the_o down_o mark_v d._n e_o f_o g._n the_o head_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n e_o the_o tuft_n which_o grow_v out_o at_o the_o root_n at_o the_o beak_n f._n the_o casque_n or_o bonnet_n g_o the_o fleshy_a beard_n g._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear._n h_o h._n the_o small_a muscle_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la i_o i._n the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n divide_v into_o two_o branch_n k_o k._n the_o carotide_n the_o left_a of_o which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v immediate_o from_o the_o heart_n l._n the_o cross_n or_o bend_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi on_o the_o right_a side_n m_o n._n the_o heart_n n._n the_o right_a auricle_n o_o o._n the_o liver_n p._n the_o gallbladder_n q._n the_o ductus_fw-la which_o convey_v the_o choler_n into_o the_o intestine_a r._n the_o intestine_a s._n the_o ventricle_n or_o gizzard_n t_o t._n the_o venae_fw-la iliacae_fw-la v._o a_o single_a testicle_n fasten_v to_o the_o bifurcation_n of_o the_o iliack_a vein_n x_o x._o the_o emulgent_a vein_n y._n the_o continuation_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi beyond_o the_o venae_fw-la iliacae_fw-la a_o a._n the_o iliack_a artery_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o emulgent_n b_o b._n the_o kidney_n c_o c._n the_o ureter_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o ten_o pintado_n the_o bird_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o hen_n call_v pintado_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o exactness_n of_o the_o figure_n which_o seem_v as_o if_o paint_a on_o its_o plumage_n these_o figure_v not_o be_v irregular_a and_o as_o it_o be_v accidental_o make_v as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o bird_n upon_o this_o very_a reason_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o these_o fowl_n for_o by_o varro_n and_o pliny_n they_o be_v call_v variae_fw-la and_o by_o martial_a guttatae_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o white_a spot_n wherewith_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v diversify_v and_o speckled_a as_o it_o be_v with_o several_a drop_n their_o egg_n be_v likewise_o paint_v and_o chequer_v with_o white_a and_o black_a thus_o this_o sort_n of_o diversity_n be_v a_o thing_n natural_a and_o perpetual_a to_o these_o bird_n which_o this_o particularity_n distinguish_v from_o common_a hen_n which_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o bird_n be_v almost_o the_o sole_a one_o which_o have_v not_o the_o plumage_n always_o with_o the_o same_o colour_n in_o their_o species_n hen_n be_v indifferent_o white_a black_a gray_a yellow_a or_o mix_v with_o all_o these_o colour_n other_o author_n have_v give_v to_o the_o pintado_n appellation_n take_v from_o the_o country_n where_o they_o do_v general_o breed_v which_o be_v africa_n by_o call_v they_o hen_n of_o africa_n barbary_n numidia_n guinea_n mauritania_n tunis_n pharos_n that_o be_v to_o say_v egypt_n margravius_n report_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n it_o be_v call_v quesele_n pliny_n relate_v that_o they_o be_v also_o call_v meleagrides_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o his_o time_n they_o go_v annual_o from_o africa_n into_o boeotia_n and_o come_v to_o beat_v themselves_o near_o the_o tomb_n of_o meleager_n who_o story_n feign_v that_o the_o sister_n be_v change_v into_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v some_o which_o do_v think_v that_o the_o meleagris_n be_v the_o cocq-d'inde_a or_o turkey-cock_n which_o shall_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o ten_o pintado_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v the_o dissection_n be_v of_o the_o size_n and_o almost_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o ordinary_a hen._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o do_v better_o resemble_v the_o partridge_n but_o the_o length_n of_o their_o neck_n and_o leg_n which_o do_v even_o surpass_v that_o of_o the_o neck_n and_o leg_n of_o hen_n have_v make_v we_o to_o disapprove_v this_o similitude_n we_o only_o find_v that_o they_o have_v the_o tail_n bend_v downward_o like_o the_o partridge_n and_o not_o hold_v up_o like_o the_o hen._n but_o they_o have_v no_o characteristic_a more_o particular_a of_o the_o hen_n than_o the_o fleshy_a appendix_n which_o do_v hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o their_o jaw_n which_o be_v not_o mett-with_a in_o any_o other_o bird_n and_o which_o even_o in_o the_o pintado_n have_v something_o different_a from_o those_o which_o be_v in_o hen_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v explain_v their_o whole_a plumage_n be_v only_o of_o two_o colour_n viz._n white_a and_o black._n the_o white_a be_v every_o where_o perfect_o white_a the_o black_a be_v also_o in_o some_o place_n perfect_o black_a but_o in_o the_o most_o it_o be_v faint_a and_o incline_v to_o a_o dark-gray_n the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n instead_o of_o feather_n be_v only_o garnish_v with_o a_o black_a down_o which_o do_v better_o resemble_v hair_n than_o feather_n these_o hair_n be_v about_o two_o line_n long_o be_v turn_v upward_o contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a situation_n of_o hair_n and_o feather_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n these_o hair_n be_v almost_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tuft_n the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n have_v little_a dark-gray_a feather_n mark_v with_o white_a these_o feather_n go_v insensible_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n the_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n be_v garnish_v with_o beard_n or_o branching_n like_o grayish_a white_a down_n above_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o on_o each_o side_n each_o down_n or_o beard_n be_v dissheivel_v and_o divide_v as_o it_o be_v into_o several_a fine_a lock_n or_o thread_n towards_o its_o extremity_n near_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n the_o root_n of_o each_o beard_n be_v join_v together_o by_o the_o crotchet_n or_o little_a fibres_n wherewith_o the_o beard_n or_o branching_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o flight_n use_v to_o be_v fasten_v and_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o ostrich_n the_o other_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n be_v compose_v of_o these_o same_o sort_n of_o beard_n or_o branching_n which_o
foot_n in_o find_v only_o in_o animal_n which_o do_v love_n and_o dilight-in_a watery_a place_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o turkey-cock_n take_v no_o pleasure_n in_o fine_a in_o the_o exact_a description_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v of_o the_o meleagris_n it_o be_v impossible_a if_o it_o be_v the_o turkey-cock_n that_o they_o shall_v omit_v the_o remarkable_a and_o particular_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o turkey-cock_n and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o pintado_n such_o as_o be_v the_o way_n of_o display_v its_o tail_n of_o drag_v its_o wing_n against_o the_o ground_n of_o extend_v and_o suffer_v the_o comb_n on_o its_o head_n to_o hang_v of_o have_v the_o neck_n rough_a and_o whole_o void_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o have_v a_o lock_n of_o black_a hair_n at_o the_o breast_n as_o for_o what_o respect_v the_o inward_a part_n we_o find_v the_o oesophagus_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n range_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la it_o be_v enlarge_v before_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o thorax_n and_o make_v a_o craw_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tennis_n ball_n when_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o afterward_o it_o be_v contract_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o thorax_n this_o contract_a part_n measure_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n this_o whole_a oesophagus_n be_v spread_v over_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n which_o be_v not_o visible_a in_o the_o passage_n which_o from_o the_o dilatation_n that_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o craw_n pass_v to_o the_o gizzard_n this_o passage_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n hardder_n white_a and_o more_o nervous_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o gizzard_n be_v as_o in_o the_o hen._n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fill_v only_o with_o gravel_n it_o be_v internal_a membrane_n be_v very_o much_o plait_v and_o easy_o separable_a from_o the_o fleshy_a part_n it_o be_v substance_n be_v like_a to_o white_a glue_n so_o that_o this_o membrane_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o gizzard_n be_v easy_o dry_v and_o wax_v hard_a and_o brittle_a like_o glass_n the_o intestine_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o without_o reckon_v the_o two_o caecum_n which_o be_v each_o six_o inch_n the_o duodenum_fw-la be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o other_o be_v above_o eight_o line_n the_o caecum_n be_v not_o of_o a_o uniform_a breadth_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n but_o do_v go_v enlarge_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o receive_v vessel_n therefrom_o like_o the_o other_o intestine_n there_o be_v no_o pancreas_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n which_o at_o the_o top_n have_v each_o a_o cavitie_n to_o receive_v the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o right_a side_n the_o low_a extremity_n of_o the_o lobe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o top_n downward_o and_o to_o the_o bladder_n which_o the_o lung_n form_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n in_o most_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n and_o fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o hard_a yellow_a grain_n some_o as_o large_a as_o pease_n and_o other_o less_o we_o find_v a_o gallbladder_n only_o in_o two_o of_o our_o subject_n in_o the_o one_o it_o be_v nine_o line_n in_o length_n and_o six_o in_o breadth_n it_o have_v a_o ductus_fw-la from_o its_o bottom_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a near_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o four_o line_n broad_a be_v fasten_v to_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n and_o the_o ductus_fw-la be_v from_o its_o middle_n and_o not_o from_o its_o low_a extremity_n and_o insert_v itself_o into_o the_o intestine_a four_o finger_n beneath_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o subject_n which_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o ramus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la be_v there_o find_v very_o large_a and_o visible_a it_o measure_v five_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a six_o inch_n beyond_o the_o pylorus_n towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gizzard_n there_o be_v a_o body_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n nine_o line_n long_o and_o of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o a_o firm_a substance_n it_o have_v connexion_n with_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n with_o that_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la and_o with_o the_o intestine_n and_o ventricle_n by_o some_o very_a visible_a branch_n some_o modern_a author_n have_v observe_v that_o bird_n which_o have_v a_o fleshy_a ventricle_n have_v no_o spleen_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o body_n can_v be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o spleen_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o connexion_n as_o of_o the_o sympathy_n which_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v with_o the_o liver_n because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o subject_n where_o the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n this_o part_n be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n although_o the_o hard_a and_o compact_a substance_n of_o this_o body_n in_o the_o subject_n where_o it_o be_v scirrhous_n and_o its_o figure_n so_o regular_o oval_a may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o it_o be_v a_o testicle_n but_o there_o be_v two_o other_o round_a body_n four_o line_n diameter_n couch_v on_o the_o loin_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la which_o be_v the_o true_a testicle_n in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n these_o round_a body_n be_v single_a and_o fasten_v on_o the_o place_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_n the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la it_o make_v all_o the_o bladder_n to_o swell_v which_o receive_v the_o air_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o that_o do_v descend_v into_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o pericardium_n be_v likewise_o blow_v up_o this_o remark_n may_v be_v of_o some_o importance_n to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o respiration_n and_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o air_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v introduce_v into_o the_o thorax_n may_v bring_v to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o compression_n it_o may_v there_o cause_n by_o the_o impression_n of_o its_o quality_n by_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o fume_n which_o it_o incessant_o exhale_v in_o the_o continual_a heat_n in_o which_o it_o be_v etc._n etc._n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o pericardium_n be_v not_o just_o fit_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o heart_n as_o be_v usual_a but_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n extend_v towards_o the_o point_n make_v a_o sack_n or_o appendix_n half_a a_o inch_n long_o in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n this_o appendix_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n long_o for_o descend_v between_o the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n it_o go_v to_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o gizzard_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la after_o have_v enter_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n have_v two_o small_a muscle_n which_o be_v knit_v to_o its_o anteriour_a part_n and_o which_o turn_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o somewhat_o downward_o be_v by_o several_a fibre_n unite_v to_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n these_o muscle_n be_v each_o almost_o a_o inch_n long_o round_o like_o a_o cord_n and_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n we_o have_v find_v these_o same_o muscle_n in_o a_o great_a many_o bird_n in_o most_o they_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la to_o the_o sternum_fw-la the_o lung_n be_v of_o spongious_a flesh_n perforate_v with_o several_a little_a hole_n as_o big_a as_o the_o head_n of_o a_o small_a pin_n regular_o place_v as_o well_o full_a as_o empty_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o very_a fine_a tunicle_n they_o be_v of_o a_o pale-red_n incline_v to_o ash-colour_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a and_o five_o thick_a the_o heart_n measure_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o length_n and_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n towards_o its_o basis_n it_o be_v very_o point_v the_o aorta_fw-la be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v turn_v direct_o forward_o be_v still_o in_o the_o heart_n and_o cover_v with_o the_o right_a auricle_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o right_a uentricle_n and_o cross_v over_o in_o this_o place_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o right_a side_n for_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o left_a carotid_n do_v likewise_o appear_v to_o come_v from_o the_o heart_n although_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o trunk_n the_o division_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o form_n the_o iliack_a branch_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_o
second_o muscle_n its_o action_n be_v by_o make_v its_o tendon_n to_o approach_v towards_o its_o origine_fw-la to_o hinder_v the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o it_o embrace_v from_o hurt_v the_o optic_a nerve_n but_o its_o principal_a use_n be_v to_o assist_v the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n and_o it_o be_v herein_o that_o the_o mechanism_n be_v marvellous_a in_o this_o structure_n which_o make_v that_o these_o two_o muscle_n join_v together_o do_v draw_v much_o far_a than_o if_o it_o have_v but_o one_o for_o the_o inflexion_n of_o the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o make_v a_o angle_n on_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v make_v only_o for_o this_o end_n and_o a_o single_a muscle_n with_o a_o strait_a tendon_n have_v be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o have_v power_n to_o draw_v far_o enough_o but_o the_o traction_n which_o must_v make_v the_o eyelid_n to_o extend_v over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n be_v necessary_o great_a it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o a_o very_a long_a muscle_n and_o such_o a_o muscle_n not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o eye_n all_o its_o length_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n than_o to_o supply_v the_o action_n of_o a_o long_a muscle_n by_o that_o of_o two_o indifferent_a one_o and_o by_o bend_v one_o of_o they_o to_o give_v it_o the_o great_a length_n in_o a_o little_a space_n the_o inspection_n of_o the_o figure_n will_v serve_v great_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o description_n which_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o thing_n render_v obscure_a in_o itself_o the_o use_n of_o this_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o till_o now_o have_v be_v describe_v by_o no_o person_n be_v not_o determine_v our_o opinion_n be_v that_o it_o serve_v to_o clean_a the_o cornea_n and_o to_o hinder_v that_o by_o dry_v it_o grow_v not_o less_o transparent_a man_n and_o the_o ape_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a animal_n where_o we_o have_v not_o find_v this_o eyelid_n have_v not_o want_v this_o precaution_n for_o the_o cleanse_v their_o eye_n because_o that_o they_o have_v hand_n with_o which_o they_o may_v by_o rub_v their_o eyelid_n express_v the_o humidity_n which_o they_o contain_v and_o which_o they_o let_v out_o through_o the_o ductus_fw-la lacrymalis_n which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n when_o the_o sight_n be_v darken_v or_o when_o the_o eye_n suffer_v any_o pain_n or_o itch_a for_o these_o accident_n do_v cease_v when_o the_o eye_n be_v rub_v but_o the_o dissection_n have_v distinct_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o organ_n which_o do_v particular_o serve_v for_o this_o use_n and_o which_o be_v otherwise_o in_o bird_n than_o in_o man_n where_o the_o ductus_fw-la pass_v not_o beyond_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n for_o in_o bird_n it_o go_v beyond_o and_o penetrate_v above_o half_a way_n on_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n it_o be_v open_v underneath_o upon_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v evident_o do_v to_o spread_v a_o liquor_n over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n when_o this_o eyelid_n pass_v and_o repass_n as_o we_o observe_v it_o to_o do_v every_o moment_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tortoise_n this_o tortoise_n have_v several_a particularity_n which_o do_v render_v it_o different_a from_o those_o that_o we_o have_v in_o france_n it_o be_v shell_n be_v not_o flat_a but_o very_o convex_a it_o have_v but_o one_o shell_n to_o cover_v its_o back_n and_o belly_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o horn_n at_o the_o end_n its_o paw_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o scales_n but_o with_o a_o skin_n wrinkle_a like_o spanish_a leather_n its_o claw_n be_v not_o sharp_a but_o blunt_a and_o half_o wear_v away_o and_o its_o jaw_n tooth_v like_o a_o saw._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o liver_n a._n a_o little_a lobe_n which_o cover_v the_o bladder_n b._n the_o bladder_n c._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n d._n the_o right_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la e_o f_o g._n the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n e._n the_o left_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la f._n the_o isthmus_n by_o which_o the_o left_a and_o right_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v join_v together_o g._n the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n h_o h._n the_o right_a vena_fw-la cava_fw-la i_o i._n the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la l._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o rami_n hepatici_n m_o m._n the_o kidney_n n_o n._n the_o venae_fw-la emulgentes_fw-la to_o which_o be_v fasten_v two_o gland_n o_o o._n the_o testicle_n p_o p._n the_o epididymides_n proceed_v from_o the_o kidney_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o testicle_n by_o little_a ductus_n q_o q._n the_o ureter_n r_o r._n the_o bladder_n open_v s._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n open_v offer_v to_o the_o sight_n two_o carunculae_fw-la which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ureter_n and_o two_o other_o which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o deferentia_fw-la t_o t._n two_o hole_n which_o be_v of_o the_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o spongious_a ligament_n compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n v_o v._n a_o large_a muscle_n which_o include_v the_o rectum_fw-la and_o penis_n x_o x._o two_o other_o muscle_n of_o the_o penis_n which_o be_v interlace_v with_o two_o other_o mark_v y_o y._n y._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la z._n the_o great_a circular_a appendix_n δ._n the_o little_a appendix_n with_o its_o two_o button_n φ_n φ._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la cut_v lengthwise_o to_o discover_v the_o body_n if_o the_o penis_n θ._n a_o aperture_n between_o the_o two_o ligament_n on_o which_o abutt_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n φ._n the_o penis_n cut_v a_o cross_n to_o discover_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o two_o ligament_n mark_v ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr and_o the_o cavity_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o urethra_n mark_v Ï€._n ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω._n the_o great_a ductus_n of_o the_o lung_n ξ_n ξ_n ξ._n the_o bladder_n open_v into_o the_o ductus_n λ_n λ._n the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n see_v on_o the_o side_n which_o touch_v the_o backbone_n 1._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 2._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o right_n vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 3._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n form_v two_o cross_n 4._o the_o left_a aorta_n 5._o the_o right_a aorta_n 6._o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o two_o aortas_n 7_o 7._o the_o carotide_n 8._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n 9_o 9_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v discharge_v into_o the_o axillare_v 10._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o stomach_n 11._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o liver_n pancreas_n spleen_n etc._n etc._n 12._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o intestine_n 13._o the_o heart_n in_o its_o natural_a situation_n 14._o the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n 15._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n open_v to_o show_v its_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n 16._o 16._o the_o heart_n out_o of_o its_o natural_a situation_n be_v raise_v upward_o and_o separate_v from_o its_o auricles_n λ_n λ_n which_o be_v in_o their_o place_n 17._o 18._o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n 19_o the_o aorta_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o right_a ventricle_n it_o be_v open_v to_o represent_v its_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n 20_o 20_o 20._o the_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n which_o be_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n a_o b._n two_o hole_n which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ductus_fw-la by_o which_o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n do_v commnuicate_a c_o d._n two_o other_o hole_n which_o do_v make_v the_o communication_n of_o the_o posteriour_a left_a ventricle_n with_o the_o anteriour_a α_n α._n the_o cerebrum_fw-la β._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la γ_n γ._n the_o olfactory_a nerve_n δ._n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la ε_n ε._n the_o musculi_fw-la crotaphitae_fw-la cut_n θ_o θ._n the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la χ._n the_o cartilaginous_a plate_n oâ—…_n film_n which_o stop_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear._n Ï„._n a_o ductus_fw-la which_o descend_v into_o the_o palate_n κ._n the_o plate_n or_o film_n sustain_v by_o the_o â—…ony_n stylus_fw-la mark_v â—…_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o great_a indian_a tortoise_n this_o tortoise_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v take_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n it_o be_v four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o fourteen_o inch_n thick_a the_o shell_n contain_v three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n how_o great_a soever_o this_o tortoise_n be_v it_o come_v not_o near_o those_o of_o which_o elian_n and_o pliny_n do_v speak_v which_o be_v fifteen_o cubit_n and_o every_o one_o of_o
of_o which_o form_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ligament_n be_v convex_a and_o the_o three_o form_v by_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o intestine_a be_v straight_o each_o of_o the_o two_o ligament_n be_v not_o only_o spongious_a as_o it_o be_v ordinary_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o they_o be_v hollow_a with_o a_o long_a cavity_n in_o form_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o go_v from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la where_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o ligament_n as_o far_o as_o the_o glans_fw-la the_o vessel_n which_o be_v send_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n have_v a_o particular_a distribution_n for_o whereas_o the_o artery_n vein_n and_o nerve_n do_v usual_o all_o three_o run_v upon_o the_o penis_n there_o be_v but_o two_o in_o our_o subject_n and_o the_o vein_n after_o have_v form_v a_o net_n work_n and_o several_a circumvolution_n towards_o the_o root_n of_o the_o penis_n do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o ligament_n and_o produce_v a_o trunk_n which_o run_v along_o the_o internal_a and_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n send_v forth_o several_a branch_n into_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o this_o cavity_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la be_v yet_o more_o extraordinary_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n above_o it_o terminate_v in_o a_o point_n and_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o continuation_n of_o the_o ligament_n not_o differ_v therefrom_o neither_o in_o its_o substance_n nor_o its_o tunicle_n underneath_o it_o have_v two_o flat_a and_o almost_o circular_a append_v ces_fw-fr place_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o the_o great_a which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o glans_fw-la underneath_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o diameter_n the_o least_o which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a contain_v but_o half_a a_o inch._n it_o have_v moreover_o two_o little_a appendix_n like_o two_o bud_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o line_n all_o the_o glans_fw-la be_v of_o a_o colour_n like_o to_o that_o of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la which_o serve_v as_o a_o case_n to_o the_o penis_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a dark_a slate_n colour_n there_o be_v two_o muscle_n serve_v to_o draw_v the_o glans_fw-la inward_o they_o take_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o vertetrae_fw-la lumbares_n and_o pass_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la insert_v themselves_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o penis_n near_o the_o glans_fw-la towards_o the_o middle_n they_o be_v interlace_v with_o two_o other_o muscle_n appoint_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o which_o serve_v they_o as_o a_o poultry_n the_o heart_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v close_v in_o a_o very_a thick_a pericardium_n and_o fasten_v by_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v the_o liver_n it_o be_v figure_n differ_v great_o from_o that_o which_o the_o heart_n general_o have_v for_o instead_o of_o be_v extend_v from_o its_o basis_n to_o its_o point_n its_o great_a dimension_n be_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v three_o inch_n this_o way_n and_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a only_o from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n the_o two_o auricles_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o basis_n be_v very_o loose_a and_o as_o it_o be_v hang_v down_o the_o right_n have_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n to_o a_o inch_n and_o half_o over_o the_o left_a be_v lesser_a the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v have_v two_o trunk_n proceed_v the_o one_o from_o the_o right_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o left_a convey_v the_o blood_n through_o each_o of_o these_o trunk_n into_o each_o of_o the_o auricles_n these_o auricles_n as_o usual_o open_v each_o into_o a_o ventricle_n and_o at_o each_o of_o the_o aperture_n which_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o auricle_n into_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_v which_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o this_o kind_n of_o valve_n hinder_v the_o blood_n from_o go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n to_o return_v into_o the_o auricles_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o the_o valvulae_fw-la tricuspide_n beside_o these_o two_o ventricles_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o face_v the_o spine_n there_o be_v a_o three_o in_o the_o forepart_n incline_v a_o little_a towards_o the_o right_a side_n these_o three_o ventricles_n be_v communicate_v by_o several_a aperture_n their_o substance_n not_o be_v solid_a and_o continue_v as_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o other_o animal_n but_o spongious_a and_o compose_v of_o fibres_n and_o fleshy_a column_n contiguous_a only_o to_o each_o other_o and_o interweave_v together_o beside_o the_o strait_a aperture_n which_o be_v between_o these_o column_n there_o be_v other_o more_o capacious_a by_o which_o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n have_v communication_n together_o and_o with_o the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n the_o two_o hinder_v ventricles_n as_o have_v be_v say_v do_v receive_v the_o blood_n from_o the_o two_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o pulmonique_a vein_n which_o be_v double_a there_o be_v one_o on_o each_o side_n for_o these_o vein_n empty_v themselves_o into_o each_o axillary_a do_v mix_v the_o blood_n that_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o lung_n with_o that_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n from_o which_o the_o aorta_n do_v proceed_v the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n have_v no_o other_o vessel_n than_o the_o pulmonique_a artery_n this_o artery_n as_o well_o as_o the_o aorta_fw-mi have_v three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n the_o action_n of_o which_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o blood_n which_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n from_o re-enter_v when_o the_o ventricles_n have_v dilate_v themselves_o to_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o the_o lung_n this_o uncommon_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n must_v have_v some_o particular_a use_n on_o which_o we_o will_v not_o declare_v our_o conjecture_n support_v on_o different_a experiment_n till_o after_o have_v show_v that_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v not_o less_o extraordinary_a for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o structure_n be_v thus_o extraordinary_a in_o these_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a action_n that_o they_o have_v in_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o which_o kind_n the_o tortoise_n be_v the_o aorta_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n which_o form_v two_o cross_n these_o cross_n before_o they_o be_v quite_o turn_v downward_o do_v produce_v the_o axillare_v and_o carotides_n afterward_o the_o left_a cross_n descend_v along_o the_o vertebra_n do_v cast_v forth_o branch_n the_o first_o be_v distribute_v to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n the_o second_o go_v to_o the_o liver_n pancreas_n duodenum_fw-la and_o spleen_n the_o three_o furnish_v branch_n to_o all_o the_o intestine_n afterward_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o right_a cross_n which_o descend_v so_o far_o without_o cast_v forth_o any_o branch_n and_o both_o form_v but_o one_o trunk_n which_o descend_v along_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n give_v branch_n to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n the_o larynx_n be_v compose_v as_o in_o bird_n of_o a_o arytenoide_n and_o cricoide_n articulate_v together_o the_o two_o bone_n which_o do_v each_o make_v one_o of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o hyoide_n be_v not_o articulate_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_z each_z separately_z in_o different_a place_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o hyoide_n the_o cleave_v of_o the_o glottis_fw-la be_v straight_o and_o close_o apparent_o to_o keep_v the_o air_n a_o long_a time_n enclose_v in_o the_o lung_n for_o use_n which_o shall_v be_v afterward_o explain_v it_o may_v be_v also_o believe_v that_o this_o so_o exact_a enclosure_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o water_n from_o enter_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o tortoise_n be_v under_o water_n and_o this_o particular_a conformation_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o snore_v of_o the_o sea-tortoise_n which_o as_o pliny_n report_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a way_n when_o they_o do_v float_v sleep_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o sea-calf_n which_o be_v likewise_o remarkable_a for_o their_o snore_v have_v also_o their_o glottis_fw-la and_o epiglottis_fw-la extraordinary_a close_o as_o have_v be_v remark_v in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o amphibious_a animal_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o have_v its_o ring_n entire_a be_v separate_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o breast_n into_o two_o long_a branch_n of_o six_o inch_n each_o from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o lung_n these_o branch_n do_v loose_v their_o
cartilage_n and_o produce_v only_o membranous_a channel_n very_o large_a and_o unequal_a contain_v even_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o some_o place_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n only_o in_o other_o the_o membrane_n that_o form_v these_o channel_n be_v transparent_a and_o thinn_n but_o solid_a and_o fortify_v with_o ligament_n link_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o net_n compose_v of_o several_a mash_n like_v to_o those_o that_o be_v see_v in_o the_o second_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n that_o ruminate_v each_o of_o these_o mash_n be_v the_o border_n and_o entrance_n of_o a_o little_a pouch_n which_o open_v into_o a_o second_o and_o that_o sometime_o into_o a_o three_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v run_v along_o the_o ligament_n of_o which_o they_o do_v accompany_v all_o the_o division_n equal_o distribute_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o author_n that_o have_v think_v that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v no_o blood_n in_o the_o lung_n have_v ground_v this_o opinion_n on_o the_o whiteness_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o membrane_n whereof_o they_o be_v compose_v which_o do_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v altogether_o membranous_a when_o it_o be_v swell_v whereas_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n appear_v fleshy_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o of_o more_o and_o less_o the_o lung_n of_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n be_v compose_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o small_a vesicles_n heap_v one_o against_o the_o other_o among_o which_o the_o sanguinary_a vessel_n be_v interlace_v in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o they_o do_v form_v a_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n like_o little_a lobe_n fasten_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o bronchi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o little_a lobe_n that_o the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v yet_o this_o difference_n of_o more_o and_o less_o fill_v with_o blood_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o pass_v for_o essential_a and_o sufficient_a to_o establish_v a_o species_n of_o lung_n which_o be_v one_o of_o three_o to_o which_o we_o reduce_v the_o lung_n of_o the_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v for_o we_o have_v find_v lung_n which_o do_v appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a other_o absolute_o membranous_a and_o other_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a the_o lung_n of_o all_o four_o footed_a terrestrial_a animal_n which_o lie_v no_o egg_n and_o some_o of_o the_o amphibious_a as_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n and_o these_o lung_n do_v absolute_o appear_v fleshy_a because_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v equal_o disperse_v through_o all_o their_o substance_n into_o which_o it_o circulate_v entire_o make_v all_o the_o blood_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o its_o vessel_n from_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o other_o the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n serpent_n frog_n salamander_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n and_o they_o appear_v absolute_o membranous_a have_v but_o very_o little_a blood_n disperse_v into_o their_o substance_n viz._n only_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o particular_a nourishment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o circulation_n make_v in_o its_o vessel_n but_o of_o this_o nourishment_n the_o lung_n of_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o three_o species_n and_o they_o do_v appear_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o part_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o rib_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n by_o which_o the_o circulation_n be_v entire_o make_v as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o and_o sometime_o into_o ten_o great_a bladder_n have_v no_o vessel_n and_o the_o circulation_n therein_o be_v only_o for_o its_o peculiar_a nourishment_n these_o three_o species_n of_o the_o lung_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o if_o their_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o use_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n and_o other_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o that_o kind_n will_v make_v a_o particular_a species_n their_o lung_n be_v useless_a for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n and_o that_o of_o terrestrial_a animal_n will_v make_v another_o species_n which_o will_v be_v common_a to_o those_o who_o lung_n appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o those_o that_o appear_v only_o in_o one_o part_n for_o the_o establish_n these_o two_o species_n there_o may_v be_v likewise_o add_v another_o difference_n take_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n even_o as_o in_o bird_n be_v continual_a regular_a and_o periodical_a and_o in_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o tortoise_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o seldom_o and_o unequal_a that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o half_a a_o day_n without_o one_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v in_o he_o any_o motion_n for_o the_o respiration_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v perceive_v to_o swell_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o to_o remain_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o this_o condition_n the_o tortoise_n do_v probable_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n we_o have_v a_o long_a time_n observe_v several_a live_n and_o entire_a and_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o indeed_o they_o sometime_o cast_v forth_o a_o cold_a breath_n through_o the_o nostril_n but_o it_o be_v by_o interval_n and_o without_o order_n in_o those_o which_o be_v open_v alive_a we_o see_v that_o the_o lung_n remain_v continual_o swell_v by_o the_o exact_a compression_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o shrink_v entire_o and_o sudden_o when_o entrance_n be_v give_v to_o the_o air_n by_o cut_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o live_a dog_n be_v open_v by_o take_v away_o the_o sternum_fw-la with_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendix_n of_o the_o rib_n the_o lung_n be_v observe_v sudden_o to_o sink_v and_o afterward_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o cease_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o that_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o auricle_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v swell_v as_o if_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v so_o that_o to_o prevent_v the_o animal_n death_n the_o end_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n be_v put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o push_v in_o the_o air_n to_o make_v the_o lung_n swell_v and_o afterward_o withdraw_v they_o to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o be_v artificial_o make_v to_o have_v the_o motion_n that_o they_o natural_o use_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ventricle_n and_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v unswell_o and_o the_o heart_n resume_v its_o ordinary_a motion_n again_o this_o hapnes_n not_o to_o the_o tortoise_n in_o which_o one_o have_v lay_v open_a the_o lung_n for_o whether_o they_o continue_v swell_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v shrink_v the_o circulation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n do_v continue_v so_o well_o in_o their_o natural_a manner_n that_o it_o be_v experiment_v that_o a_o tortoise_n have_v live_v above_o four_o day_n in_o this_o condition_n we_o have_v also_o make_v another_o experiment_n to_o know_v more_o distinct_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o which_o be_v not_o amphibious_a a_o injection_n be_v make_v by_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o a_o dead_a dog_n it_o happen_v that_o if_o one_o continue_v to_o make_v the_o lung_n rise_v and_o sink_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o bellows_o put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o liquor_n which_o be_v push_v into_o the_o lung_n do_v easy_o pass_v and_o go_v through_o the_o vein_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o that_o when_o one_o cease_v to_o blow_v it_o pass_v not_o but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n after_o have_v veiw_v the_o different_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o tortoise_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v some_o probable_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o these_o experiment_n for_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o dog_n be_v sink_v after_o expiration_n the_o vessel_n be_v compress_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o blood_n can_v pass_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o vessel_n be_v dilate_v by_o inspiration_n for_o the_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o they_o be_v afterward_o compress_v in_o the_o expiration_n to_o press_v it_o out_o and_o make_v it_o pass_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n it_o may_v be_v again_o imagine_v that_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tortoise_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o membranous_a not_o have_v their_o wall_n solid_a like_o those_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n wherein_o the_o blood_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n from_o one_o ventricle_n to_o
the_o other_o but_o across_o the_o lung_n but_o that_o be_v porous_a in_o all_o their_o substance_n and_o also_o open_a one_o into_o the_o other_o by_o very_o large_a hole_n it_o must_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o although_o the_o lung_n remain_v immovable_a whether_o blow_v up_o or_o sink_v the_o circulation_n be_v not_o hinder_v and_o that_o in_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v always_o perform_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o foetus_fw-la because_o that_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la as_o in_o these_o animal_n the_o lung_n receive_v the_o blood_n only_o for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o not_o for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n so_o that_o it_o send_v to_o the_o heart_n only_o the_o remainder_n of_o what_o it_o have_v not_o consume_v and_o in_o fine_a as_o the_o entire_a circulation_n be_v not_o perform_v but_o by_o the_o anastomosis_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o foetus_fw-la it_o be_v do_v also_o in_o the_o other_o animal_n which_o we_o treat_v of_o only_o by_o particular_a aperture_n which_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o heart_n have_v one_o into_o the_o other_o but_o to_o be_v more_o assure_v that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v not_o entire_o through_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o tortoise_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v tie_v up_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o no_o manner_n alter_v and_o that_o the_o circulation_n be_v continue_v always_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n now_o this_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o animal_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n that_o its_o heart_n be_v whitish_a and_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n thin_a before_o the_o blood_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n see_v to_o enter_v in_o and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n from_o which_o the_o aorta_n proceed_v as_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o a_o redness_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n approach_v its_o basis_n and_o which_o disappear_v when_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o it_o for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_n that_o when_o the_o point_n approach_v the_o basis_n it_o be_v then_o that_o the_o heart_n utter_v the_o blood_n from_o its_o ventricles_n because_o that_o at_o this_o very_a instant_n their_o wall_n prese_v inward_o and_o compress_v the_o blood_n do_v cause_v a_o redness_n to_o appear_v in_o this_o place_n the_o compression_n be_v capable_a of_o make_v the_o body_n which_o their_o spongious_a consistence_n have_v render_v opake_v to_o become_v diaphanous_a by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o interval_n which_o make_v they_o spongious_a in_o fine_a this_o circulation_n thus_o apparent_a &_o which_o have_v continue_v for_o four_o day_n the_o lung_n be_v open_v and_o cut_v in_o several_a place_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o very_o clear_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o in_o the_o tortoise_n the_o lung_n serve_v not_o for_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o in_o the_o animal_n which_o have_v fleshy_a lung_n the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o tortoise_n and_o other_o animal_n of_o its_o genus_fw-la be_v a_o thing_n which_o have_v seem_v to_o we_o obscure_a enough_o to_o excite_v we_o to_o examine_v it_o careful_o and_o to_o allow_v we_o the_o boldness_n of_o promote_a thought_n somewhat_o extraordinary_a follow_v the_o liberty_n that_o we_o think_v we_o may_v take_v to_o ourselves_o in_o these_o memoires_n where_o we_o do_v not_o place_v thing_n as_o be_v complete_v but_o only_o as_o material_n which_o may_v be_v employ_v or_o reject_v according_a as_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v fit_a or_o useless_a or_o defective_a when_o time_n by_o new_a experiment_n or_o better_a argumentation_n shall_v better_o make_v know_v their_o worth._n we_o do_v believe_v then_o that_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o tortoise_n serve_v for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n for_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v allege_v neither_o be_v it_o make_v for_o the_o voice_n the_o tortoise_n be_v absolute_o mute_a and_o it_o be_v not_o conduce_v to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n nor_o for_o the_o evacuation_n of_o their_o vapour_n see_v that_o it_o want_v the_o continual_a and_o regulate_v motion_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o other_o animal_n and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o these_o purpose_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v only_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n who_o use_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n that_o we_o have_v make_v of_o bird_n and_o which_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o preparation_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n but_o we_o do_v search_v after_o another_o use_n more_o important_a and_o which_o be_v more_o particular_a to_o the_o tortoise_n and_o the_o other_o animal_n of_o its_o species_n do_v better_a answer_n to_o the_o particular_a conformation_n of_o their_o lung_n and_o we_o have_v find_v that_o to_o this_o part_n may_v be_v attribute_v the_o faculty_n that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v of_o raise_v and_o hold_v itself_o above_o the_o water_n and_o of_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o it_o please_v in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o air-bladder_n which_o be_v find_v in_o most_o fish_n there_o be_v several_a conjecture_n on_o which_o we_o find_v the_o probability_n of_o this_o opinion_n and_o which_o do_v make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o this_o bladder_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o tortoise_n be_v enlarge_v do_v render_v the_o body_n of_o these_o animal_n light_a enough_o to_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o that_o when_o these_o part_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o air_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o compression_n take_v up_o less_o room_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v straighten_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v less_o extend_v it_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o little_a hollow_a figure_n of_o enamel_n enclose_v in_o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n do_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o by_o press_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o cavity_n that_o make_v they_o swim_v we_o have_v frequent_o observe_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o tortoise_n be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n it_o cast_v forth_o through_o the_o mouth_n or_o nostril_n several_a bubble_n which_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n form_v by_o the_o overmuch_a air_n that_o it_o have_v in_o its_o lung_n for_o the_o keep_n itself_o in_o a_o just_a equilibrium_n which_o put_v it_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o be_v heavy_a enough_o to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o least_o compression_n which_o its_o muscle_n do_v make_v upon_o its_o lung_n just_a as_o the_o little_a figure_n of_o enamel_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o small_a effort_n that_o be_v make_v to_o compress_v the_o air_n that_o it_o enclose_v and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o comprehend_v that_o if_o the_o tortoise_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n relax_n the_o muscle_n that_o do_v compress_v its_o lung_n the_o air_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n return_v into_o its_o first_o state_n can_v give_v again_o to_o its_o whole_a body_n the_o extent_n which_o it_o have_v when_o it_o do_v swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o probability_n of_o this_o argue_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o experience_n a_o live_a tortoise_n be_v lock_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n on_o which_o there_o be_v with_o wax_n exact_o fasten_v a_o cover_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o there_o go_v a_o glass_n pipe._n the_o vessel_n be_v full_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o water_n appear_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n pipe_n we_o observe_v the_o water_n do_v sometime_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o sometime_o it_o descend_v now_o this_o can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o augmentation_n and_o dimunition_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o tortoise_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o when_o the_o tortoise_n endeavour_v to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n fall_v in_o the_o pipe_n because_o that_o the_o animal_n lessen_v its_o bulk_n by_o the_o contraction_n of_o its_o muscle_n and_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v by_o the_o slacken_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o cease_v to_o compress_v the_o lung_n do_v permit_v it_o to_o return_v to_o its_o first_o size_n and_o do_v render_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o tortoise_n light_a
230_o scarce_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 207_o in_o the_o castor_n two_o inch_n ½_o long_o 89_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a between_o the_o two_o upper_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n 117_o large_a in_o eagle_n different_o annect_v in_o the_o different_a subject_n 187_o fasten_v to_o the_o left_a side_n in_o the_o indian-cock_n 192_o generative_a part_n in_o the_o civet-cat_n conceal_v 101_o of_o male_a ape_n different_a from_o man_n and_o dog_n 161_o of_o female_a ape_n like_o woman_n in_o some_o particular_n ib_a gizzard_n want_v in_o the_o cormorant_n 136_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n cover_v with_o a_o brittle_a coat_n on_o the_o inside_n 193_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr like_o a_o hen_n 208_o want_v in_o the_o cassowar_n though_o a_o graniverous_a animal_n 244_o possible_o supply_v by_o the_o many_o ventricles_n in_o the_o cassowar_n 245_o gland_n in_o the_o eagle_n craw._n 186_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n craw._n 193_o in_o the_o bustard_n oesophagus_fw-la 200_o in_o the_o demoiselles_fw-fr craw._n 208_o discharge_v a_o lympha_fw-la into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 211_o in_o the_o pancreas_n of_o the_o ostrich_n quite_o separate_v and_o distinct_a 231_o in_o the_o craw_n of_o the_o bustard_n most_o distinct_a of_o any_o 244_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n in_o the_o elk_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a 110_o swell_v by_o syre_v into_o its_o ductus_fw-la in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 211_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la in_o the_o dromedary_n compose_v of_o three_o other_o 41_o in_o the_o chaâ—…pard_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin._n 65_o in_o the_o lynx_n very_o small_a 79_o in_o the_o lion_n diaphanous_a and_o small_a 6_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n 103_o in_o the_o elk_n very_o big_a 112_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n large_a 125_o in_o the_o chamois_v a_o line_n diameter_n 145_o general_o very_o small_a in_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a creature_n and_o very_o large_a in_o fearful_a one_o 112_o glottis_fw-la in_o the_o 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the_o eight_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o duplicature_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la the_o heart_n be_v long_o and_o point_a towards_o the_o point_n there_o be_v a_o callous_a white_a hard_a and_o round_a apophysis_n it_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n end_n the_o brain_n be_v large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n contain_v two_o inch_n in_o breadth_n and_o three_o in_o length_n comprehend_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la the_o anfractuosity_n be_v more_o and_o more_o diversify_v than_o they_o common_o be_v in_o brute_n although_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o the_o right_n and_o left_a by_o a_o long_a cavity_n as_o be_v usual_a yet_o there_o be_v no_o production_n of_o the_o dura_fw-la mater_fw-la to_o make_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o falx_n there_o be_v only_o a_o line_n very_o little_o elevate_v which_o answer_v to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o choroide_n be_v very_o much_o dilate_v by_o the_o affluence_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o have_v be_v retain_v in_o the_o vessel_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v large_a contain_v a_o line_n in_o diameter_n it_o be_v figure_n be_v round_a than_o ordinary_a the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n out_o of_o the_o axis_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o towards_o the_o brow_n than_o towards_o the_o jaw_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o enter_v through_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tapetum_fw-la which_o be_v brown_a of_o colour_n the_o crystallinus_n be_v more_o convex_a on_o the_o outside_n than_o on_o the_o inside_n it_o be_v natural_o divide_v in_o three_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o its_o interior_a part_n the_o membrana_fw-la arachnoide_v be_v very_o thick_a and_o hard_o so_o that_o it_o be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o crystallinus_n the_o explanation_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o porcupine_n and_o hedgehog_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v the_o difference_n of_o these_o two_o species_n of_o amal_n which_o be_v unlike_o not_o only_o in_o their_o size_n but_o also_o in_o their_o prickle_n which_o be_v all_o of_o one_o sort_n in_o the_o hedgehog_n and_o much_o short_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n than_o in_o the_o porcupine_n which_o have_v great_a and_o hard_a prickle_n on_o the_o back_n and_o flank_n and_o which_o on_o its_o neck_n head_n and_o side_n of_o its_o jaw_n have_v only_o long_a small_a and_o flexible_a bristle_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o porcupine_n b._n the_o duodenum_fw-la which_o may_v pass_v for_o a_o four_o ventricle_n c._n the_o great_a spleen_n d._n the_o little_a spleen_n which_o be_v fasten_v on_o the_o ventricle_n by_o its_o middle_n and_o join_v by_o its_o low_a end_n to_o the_o ilium_n towards_o e._n e_o f_o g._n the_o ilium_n h._n the_o caecum_fw-la i_o i._n the_o colon._n k._n the_o external_a ear_n like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o man_n l._n one_o of_o the_o porcupine_n great_a tooth_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n m_o m._n the_o parastatae_fw-la n_o n._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male_a porcupine_n o_o o._n the_o prostatae_fw-la p._n the_o bladder_n q_o q._n the_o ligament_n which_o do_v fasten_v testicle_n and_o pass_v into_o the_o thigh_n r._n the_o epididymis_fw-la natural_o separate_v from_o the_o testicle_n q_o q._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v print_v on_o the_o inside_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v wrinkle_a in_o small_a cavity_n lozenge-wise_a there_o be_v likewise_o one_o of_o the_o porcupine_n prickle_n which_o be_v leave_v fasten_v to_o this_o piece_n of_o skin_n to_o show_v how_o little_a adherent_a it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o smallness_n of_o its_o root_n which_o penetrate_v not_o far_o into_o the_o skin_n r._n one_o of_o the_o quill_n which_o
brush_n to_o clean_a their_o clothes_n the_o liver_n have_v seven_o lobe_n one_o of_o which_o be_v divide_v in_o two_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o upper_a lobe_n which_o be_v the_o great_a it_o be_v form_n be_v ovale_n it_o be_v eight_o line_n long_o very_o full_a and_o bluish_a the_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la be_v white_a and_o very_a apparent_a in_o the_o mesentery_n and_o the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o chyle_n be_v great_a ample_a and_o full_a the_o spleen_n be_v lay_v on_o the_o ventricle_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v by_o twelve_o branch_n from_o the_o vas_n breve_fw-la it_o be_v long_a and_o cut_v like_o a_o cock_n comb._n the_o pancreas_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v have_v the_o same_o form_n it_o differ_v therfrom_o only_o in_o colour_n the_o pancreas_n be_v whitish_a and_o the_o spleen_n of_o a_o blackish_a red._n the_o intestine_n be_v all_o alike_o in_o substance_n and_o thickness_n there_o be_v no_o caecum_fw-la they_o contain_v all_o together_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o kidney_n be_v a_o inch_n long_a and_o eight_o line_n broad_a they_o be_v of_o a_o olive_n colour_n the_o right_a be_v situate_v high_a that_o the_o left_a the_o bladder_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o a_o inch_n broad_a in_o the_o male_a the_o testicle_n be_v in_o the_o belly_n which_o according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o hedgehog_n which_o among_o all_o quadruped_n that_o do_v engender_v a_o perfect_a and_o live_a animal_n be_v the_o only_a one_o who_o testicle_n be_v enclose_v in_o it_o as_o in_o bird_n these_o testicle_n have_v a_o very_a large_a epididymis_fw-la which_o receive_v the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la divide_v into_o four_o branch_n and_o which_o be_v separately_z insert_v into_o they_o from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o great_a half_n of_o their_o length_n this_o epididymis_fw-la be_v not_o separate_v from_o the_o testicle_n as_o in_o the_o porcupine_n but_o be_v thereto_o fasten_v all_o its_o length_n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la the_o testicle_n and_o its_o vessel_n be_v tie_v and_o suspend_v by_o a_o ligament_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o a_o cremaster_fw-la because_o that_o it_o be_v a_o membrane_n which_o appear_v somewhat_o fleshy_a near_o the_o testicle_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o membrane_n be_v extend_v and_o enlarge_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o broad_a ligament_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la it_o have_v a_o great_a many_o vessel_n of_o which_o two_o of_o the_o chief_n do_v make_v a_o very_a considerable_a anastomosis_n by_o cross_v one_o another_o in_o the_o middle_n they_o proceed_v from_o the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la as_o from_o their_o trunk_n and_o be_v distribute_v through_o this_o whole_a membrane_n extend_v like_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o bat_n as_o in_o the_o uterus_fw-la so_o that_o consider_v the_o greatness_n and_o number_n of_o these_o vessel_n which_o be_v not_o proportionate_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o membrane_n may_v require_v it_o may_v be_v probable_o think_v that_o the_o use_n of_o this_o structure_n be_v that_o the_o arteria_fw-la spermatica_fw-la may_v send_v to_o this_o membrane_n a_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o it_o carry_v to_o the_o testicle_n to_o be_v prepare_v in_o this_o great_a number_n of_o branch_n in_o which_o the_o remainder_n that_o can_v be_v employ_v to_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o membrane_n seem_v to_o be_v sometime_o retain_v and_o perfect_v by_o this_o long_a retention_n to_o be_v enable_v afterward_o to_o reflow_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o spermatick_a artery_n and_o to_o mingle_v with_o the_o blood_n which_o go_v into_o the_o testicle_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o oppose_v this_o reflux_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o suppose_v the_o liberty_n into_o all_o the_o artery_n which_o upon_o this_o account_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o valve_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o vein_n and_o the_o compression_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o respiration_n cause_n to_o all_o the_o viscera_n bâ—…ing_v a_o sufficient_a impulsive_a cause_n for_o this_o reflux_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n there_o be_v pouch_n of_o a_o substance_n partly_o glandulous_a partly_o membranous_a they_o be_v very_o yellow_a it_o be_v apparent_o the_o parastatae_fw-la the_o prostatae_fw-la be_v a_o little_a underneath_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n even_o as_o the_o parastatae_fw-la in_o the_o female_a the_o uterus_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o a_o neck_n and_o two_o horn_n the_o neck_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o membrane_n the_o external_a be_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a the_o internal_a be_v thin_a membranous_a and_o nervous_a the_o horn_n be_v unequal_a the_o left_a being_n lesser_a than_o the_o right_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o foetus_fw-la the_o lung_n have_v five_o lobe_n viz._n three_o of_o a_o middle_a size_n 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do_v not_o likewise_o make_v any_o fold_n on_o the_o forepart_n to_o form_v the_o iris_n so_o that_o the_o eye_n when_o the_o lid_n be_v open_a do_v appear_v all_o black._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o two_o sapajous_a and_o two_o other_o monkey_n the_o low_a figure_n show_v how_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o ape_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o man_n the_o thumb_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v small_a and_o the_o great_a toe_n of_o the_o foot_n very_o large_a and_o the_o other_o toe_n extraordinary_a long_o here_o be_v not_o describe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o four_o ape_n which_o be_v the_o second_o sapajou_n because_o that_o it_o be_v whole_o like_a to_o that_o which_o be_v here_o represent_v except_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v long_a in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o umbilical_a vein_n b_o b._n the_o two_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n c_o c._n the_o two_o left_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n d._n the_o five_o cleave_v and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v two_o leave_n e._n the_o gallbladder_n f._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la g_o g_o g._n the_o three_o ductus_fw-la hepatici_n 4._o 5._o 6._o three_o branch_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o first_o h._n the_o common_a ductus_fw-la i._o the_o ventricle_n k._n the_o spleen_n l._n the_o pancreas_n m._n the_o caecum_fw-la n._n the_o end_n of_o the_o ileum_n o._n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o colon._n p._n a_o gland_n fasten_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la q_o q._n two_o other_o gland_n fasten_v to_o the_o two_o iliack_a vein_n r_o r._n the_o testicle_n s_o s_o the_o glandulous_a prostate_n θ._n the_o bladder_n so_o turn_v upside_o down_o as_o to_o hide_v the_o penis_n t_o t._n the_o brain_n t_o t._n the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o brain_n without_o anfractuositys_n v._o the_o bladder_n in_o the_o natural_a situation_n and_o open_v to_o show_v the_o caruncle_n y_fw-fr and_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o prostate_n 3._o 3._o x_o x._o the_o 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like_o a_o epiploon_n the_o upper_a part_n which_o cover_v the_o ventricles_n be_v thin_a and_o transparent_a without_o fat_a gland_n or_o apparent_a vessel_n the_o part_n which_o descend_v to_o enclose_v the_o intestine_n have_v some_o vessel_n and_o fat_a but_o in_o a_o very_a little_a quantity_n the_o spleen_n be_v round_o thin_a and_o whole_o adherent_a to_o the_o great_a ventricle_n it_o be_v six_o inch_n diameter_n the_o vessel_n which_o do_v make_v the_o vas_n breve_fw-la be_v utter_o imperceptible_a the_o gibbous_a and_o upper_a part_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n by_o three_o strong_a ligament_n the_o liver_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n and_o be_v only_o cleave_v before_o and_o quite_o whole_a within_o the_o right_a side_n be_v somewhat_o more_o extend_v that_o the_o leave_v and_o make_v a_o point_n towards_o the_o kidney_n there_o be_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o kidney_n be_v very_o large_a be_v five_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a there_o be_v no_o ren_fw-it succenturiatus_fw-la the_o penis_n have_v no_o bone_n the_o proper_a membrane_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o glandulous_a substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o inseparable_a therefrom_o and_o more_o than_o usual_a in_o other_o animal_n over_o this_o membrane_n be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o blood-vessel_n some_o whereof_o be_v straight_o and_o as_o big_a as_o a_o bodkin_n other_o be_v undulate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v frizzle_a very_o small_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin._n the_o glandulous_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v yellow_a that_o of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la red._n the_o unite_n of_o the_o vasa_n praeparantia_fw-la be_v wreathe_v and_o confound_v and_o make_v a_o tube_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o finger_n which_o produce_v the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o cover_v and_o embrace_v the_o top_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n even_o as_o the_o cup_n of_o a_o acorne_n this_o part_n resemble_v a_o acorne_n do_v produce_v a_o body_n about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n which_o descend_v along_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v there_o fasten_v and_o make_v towards_o the_o bottom_n a_o kind_n of_o a_o teat_n from_o whence_o it_o return_v along_o the_o side_n opposite_a to_o that_o by_o which_o it_o descend_v and_o form_v the_o vas_n deferens_fw-la which_o be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n four_o on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o three_o on_o the_o left_a the_o heart_n be_v very_o large_a almost_o round_o and_o soft_a because_o that_o the_o ventricles_n be_v very_o large_a there_o be_v a_o bone_n as_o usual_o in_o staggs_n to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o stag_n we_o do_v join_v that_o of_o the_o hind_n to_o discover_v wherein_o these_o two_o animal_n do_v agree_v and_o in_o what_o they_o be_v unlike_a beside_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sex._n the_o height_n of_o this_o hind_n be_v two_o foot_n eight_o inch_n from_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o the_o hind-legg_n from_o the_o knee_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o heel_n one_o foot_n the_o hair_n be_v of_o four_o colour_n viz._n fallow_a white_a black_a and_o grace_n there_o be_v some_o white_a under_o the_o belly_n and_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n on_o the_o back_o it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a fallow_a on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o isabella-fallow_a both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v mark_v with_o white_a spot_n of_o different_a figure_n along_o the_o back_n there_o be_v two_o row_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n the_o rest_n be_v confuse_o speckled_a along_o the_o flank_n there_o be_v on_o each_o side_n a_o white_a line_n the_o neck_n and_o head_n be_v grace_n the_o tail_n all_o white_a underneath_o and_o black_a at_o top_n the_o hair_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o the_o 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asperite_n or_o teat_n as_o be_v general_o see_v in_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud._n all_o this_o great_a ventricle_n be_v contract_v in_o several_a place_n and_o separate_v in_o different_a pouch_n as_o in_o the_o stagg_n it_o be_v fill_v with_o grass_n among_o which_o there_o be_v find_v several_a piece_n of_o skin_n of_o shoe-sole_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crown-piece_n some_o piece_n of_o lead_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o nail_n which_o seem_v wear_v and_o fret_v and_o some_o fragment_n of_o slate_n this_o may_v make_v one_o to_o think_v that_o these_o sort_n of_o animal_n do_v hasty_o gather_v their_o food_n in_o the_o field_n and_o that_o they_o do_v wait_v to_o cull_v it_o leisurely_o when_o they_o chew_n it_n the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n be_v not_o different_a from_o those_o of_o sheep_n the_o intestine_n be_v very_o long_o as_o in_o the_o stagg_n but_o less_o in_o proportion_n they_o measure_v in_o all_o forty_o foot_n there_o be_v 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the_o inside_n a_o cartilege_n fasten_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n its_o side_n be_v rough_a with_o some_o prickly_a part_n of_o a_o substance_n between_o a_o membrane_n and_o a_o cartilege_n the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v entire_a in_o some_o of_o the_o subject_n there_o be_v on_o each_o side_n a_o caruncle_n or_o red_a gland_n immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o to_o the_o carotide_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o branch_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o great_a pin_n which_o be_v very_o common_a in_o bird_n the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a big_a the_o sack_n which_o form_n the_o fleshy_a valve_n which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o bird_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v four_o line_n deep_a the_o flesh_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v four_o line_n thick_a towards_o its_o 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of_o the_o aâ—…rta_n and_o cava_fw-la be_v seat_v towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o kidney_n they_o have_v a_o epididymis_fw-la loose_a from_o the_o testicle_n which_o hang_v by_o one_o end_n it_o be_v five_o line_n long_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n the_o testicle_n be_v of_o a_o whitish-yellow_a the_o ductus_fw-la deferens_fw-la proceed_v not_o from_o the_o epididymis_fw-la but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o testicle_n from_o whence_o descend_v along_o the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ureter_n so_o that_o the_o ureter_n and_o deferens_fw-la make_v but_o one_o ductus_fw-la the_o female_n have_v testicle_n like_o those_o of_o the_o male_n except_o the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o be_v want_v immediate_o underneath_o the_o testicle_n the_o ovarrum_fw-la be_v place_v it_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a egg_n different_a in_o size_n some_o be_v as_o big_a as_o little_a pease_n other_o as_o small_a as_o rape-seed_n the_o 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do_v more_o easy_o pass_v from_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la into_o the_o oesophagus_n than_o from_o the_o oesophagus_fw-la into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o communication_n and_o the_o way_n by_o which_o it_o be_v perform_v be_v not_o as_o yet_o well_o know_v we_o refer_v the_o speak_v thereof_o to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o pigeon_n the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n broad_a at_o its_o basis_n it_o weigh_v half_a a_o ounce_n the_o pericardium_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o heart_n by_o several_a small_a fibres_n the_o right_a ventricle_n be_v as_o usual_o large_a than_o it_o be_v long_o it_o be_v interior_a be_v extraordinary_a smooth_a the_o fleshy_a valve_n which_o bird_n have_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v five_o line_n long_o and_o half_a a_o line_n thick_a the_o artery_n of_o the_o heart_n have_v their_o
the_o temple_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o forehead_n do_v leave_v that_o cavitie_n which_o aristotle_n in_o his_o physiognomy_n adjudge_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o lion_n every_o of_o these_o muscle_n be_v five_o inch_n in_o length_n four_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n two_o in_o thickness_n and_o twenty_o ounce_n in_o weight_n this_o head_n thus_o garnish_v with_o flesh_n and_o compose_v of_o bone_n so_o firm_a in_o their_o structure_n and_o substance_n make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o if_o the_o bear_n according_a to_o pliny_n have_v a_o head_n so_o tender_a and_o weak_a that_o it_o may_v be_v slay_v with_o a_o slight_a blow_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o stun_v a_o lion_n and_o that_o this_o be_v well_o know_v to_o theocritus_n who_o tell_v hercules_n that_o all_o that_o he_o can_v do_v to_o the_o nemaean_a lion_n with_o his_o club_n be_v to_o stun_v he_o and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o kill_v he_o but_o by_o strangle_v he_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o bone_n which_o be_v find_v in_o brute_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la over_o the_o satura_fw-la lambdoide_v be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o ten_o line_n broad_a and_o two_o thick_a of_o a_o squarer_n figure_n than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scull_n of_o cat_n dog_n &c_n &c_n the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v diaphanous_a and_o so_o small_a that_o it_o exceed_v not_o a_o line_n in_o length_n and_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n in_o breadth_n at_o its_o basis._n the_o optic_a nerve_n appear_v much_o thick_a after_o their_o conjunction_n than_o before_o which_o proceed_v hence_o that_o the_o foramina_fw-la through_o which_o they_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o orbita_fw-la be_v not_o round_o but_o like_o a_o slit_v which_o make_v they_o broad_a by_o flatten_v they_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o orbita_fw-la they_o be_v extend_v to_o 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to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o lion._n the_o reverse_n of_o the_o anterior_a vuea_n in_o the_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o crystallinus_n be_v all_o black._n the_o crystallinus_n be_v find_v very_o flat_a and_o its_o great_a convexity_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v in_o other_o animal_n be_v in_o its_o anteriour_a part_n which_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o cat_n the_o figur_n of_o the_o crystallinus_n be_v such_o that_o it_o seem_v shrink_v up_o have_v a_o dent_n in_o the_o side_n which_o make_v the_o crystallinus_n of_o the_o left_a eye_n where_o this_o dent_n be_v the_o great_a like_o the_o form_n of_o a_o heart_n but_o one_o of_o these_o crystallinus_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v spoil_v by_o a_o glaucoma_n make_v we_o to_o suspect_v that_o this_o be_v praet_fw-la ernatural_a and_o particular_a to_o our_o subject_n the_o aqucous_a humour_n be_v find_v very_o abundant_a so_o that_o it_o almost_o equal_v the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n this_o abundance_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o clearness_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o eye_n after_o death_n which_o be_v obscure_v when_o the_o cornea_n be_v dry_v and_o contract_v for_o want_n of_o this_o humour_n which_o keep_v his_o it_o extend_v the_o last_o observation_n be_v that_o consider_v the_o season_n which_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a when_o this_o dissection_n be_v make_v and_o the_o disposition_n to_o putrefaction_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n dead_a of_o a_o disease_n and_o which_o all_o author_n report_n to_o have_v a_o breath_n so_o stink_v that_o it_o infect_v whatever_o it_o approach_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o other_o animal_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o flesh_n whereof_o he_o have_v eat_v yet_o there_o appear_v nothing_o to_o we_o which_o denote_v any_o extraordinary_a corruption_n its_o smell_n be_v less_o offensive_a than_o that_o of_o a_o deer_n which_o must_v be_v embowel_v soon_o after_o it_o be_v kill_v and_o although_o there_o be_v find_v some_o worm_n in_o its_o flesh_n the_o four_o day_n it_o be_v judge_v that_o they_o be_v engender_v of_o fly_n because_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o tongue_n wrap_v up_o in_o paper_n be_v dry_v in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o night_n and_o be_v grow_v very_o hard_o without_o any_o smell_n which_o make_v we_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o lion_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o fever_n it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o humour_n and_o be_v only_o a_o ephemera_fw-la although_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o have_v it_o all_o his_o life_n this_o may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o choler_n be_v a_o balsam_n in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n which_o resist_v corruption_n and_o which_o have_v this_o effect_n that_o lion_n in_o who_o it_o be_v predominant_a do_v live_v a_o long_a time_n there_o be_v likewise_o make_v another_o reflection_n upon_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o brain_n of_o this_o animal_n of_o which_o natural_a historian_n do_v relate_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o judgement_n and_o reason_n and_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o abundance_n of_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n it_o be_v judge_v that_o the_o littleness_n of_o brain_n be_v rather_o the_o sign_n and_o cause_n of_o a_o savage_a and_o cruel_a disposition_n than_o a_o want_n of_o judgement_n this_o conjecture_n be_v fortify_v by_o a_o other_o observation_n which_o be_v make_v four_o day_n before_o upon_o a_o sea-fox_n where_o be_v find_v hardly_o any_o brain_n although_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o sagacity_n and_o subtlety_n which_o it_o have_v have_v give_v it_o this_o name_n among_o fish_n all_o the_o kind_n of_o which_o be_v general_o ill_o provide_v of_o brain_n so_o that_o they_o have_v little_a disposition_n to_o the_o society_n and_o discipline_n which_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o another_o lyon_n this_o lion_n be_v extraordinary_a large_a though_o very_o young_a it_o be_v seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n our_o observation_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v on_o the_o first_o lion_n but_o among_o other_o thing_n the_o straitness_n and_o narrowness_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v seem_v to_o we_o very_o considerable_a in_o this_o subject_a for_o in_o the_o inside_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o large_a place_n it_o exceed_v not_o seven_o inch_n of_o which_o the_o heart_n take_v up_o four_o so_o that_o there_o remain_v but_o three_o for_o the_o lung_n pericardium_n mediastinum_fw-la and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o pericardium_n be_v likewise_o without_o water_n and_o the_o intestine_n short_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n contain_v but_o twenty_o five_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o be_v just_a three_o time_n the_o length_n of_o the_o body_n the_o crystallinus_n be_v more_o convex_a on_o the_o outside_n than_o the_o inside_n what_o we_o find_v different_a be_v that_o the_o liver_n which_o be_v of_o so_o dark_a a_o red_a in_o the_o first_o lion_n that_o it_o appear_v black_a be_v so_o pale_a in_o this_o that_o it_o have_v a_o fevillemorte_a colour_n that_o the_o annular_a cartilage_n of_o the_o larynx_n which_o be_v entire_a in_o the_o first_o lion_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o old_a be_v find_v imperfect_a in_o this_o which_o be_v young_a and_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resolve_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o attribute_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o age_n that_o which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o paw_n because_o that_o in_o those_o of_o the_o young_a lion_n we_o
appear_v very_o curious_a but_o they_o be_v strengthen_v by_o fibres_n inter-woven_a like_o net_n when_o we_o cease_v to_o blow_v all_o these_o membrane_n fall_v down_o and_o lie_v upon_o one_o another_o cause_v all_o these_o bladder_n to_o disappear_v which_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o processus_n of_o the_o lung_n gesner_n say_v that_o of_o the_o entrail_n of_o a_o chameleon_n the_o lung_n only_o be_v visible_a but_o aristotle_n have_v more_o true_o observe_v that_o quadrupe_v which_o lay_v egg_n have_v lung_n almost_o invisible_a if_o they_o be_v not_o blow_v into_o to_o swell_v they_o indeed_o whatever_o appear_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o lung_n ought_v to_o be_v be_v before_o it_o be_v extend_v by_o blow_v but_o like_o two_o little_a piece_n of_o rose-coloured_a flesh_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o bean_n situate_v on_o each_o side_n the_o heart_n which_o make_v panarolus_n to_o say_v that_o the_o chameleon_n have_v little_a lung_n but_o these_o little_a piece_n of_o flesh_n be_v not_o all_o the_o lung_n they_o can_v be_v take_v only_o for_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o lung_n plait_v and_o heap_v together_o which_o in_o this_o place_n be_v intersperse_v with_o small_a red_a eminence_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n dilate_v these_o membrane_n appear_v all_o over_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o superfice_n and_o when_o the_o membrane_n subside_v these_o little_a red_a eeminence_n approach_v one_o another_o cause_v again_o this_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n which_o be_v no_o spongious_a substance_n as_o panarolus_n will_v have_v it_o but_o only_o a_o heap_n of_o contiguous_a membrane_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v very_o short_a compose_v as_o be_v usual_o of_o annulary_a cartilage_n it_o have_v a_o larynx_n at_o its_o beginning_n make_v up_o as_o it_o be_v of_o two_o epiglottis_n which_o shut_v the_o open_n or_o chink_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o glottis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o transverse_a slit_n and_o not_o 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to_o close_v the_o little_a round_a hole_n of_o the_o lidd_o this_o muscle_n be_v raise_v the_o iris_n be_v see_v entire_a which_o johnston_n say_v the_o chameleon_n want_v it_o be_v of_o a_o isabel_n colour_n encompass_v at_o its_o interior_a edge_n with_o a_o little_a golden_a circle_n which_o have_v already_o be_v mention_v the_o cornea_n be_v very_o small_a the_o forepart_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la very_o thick_a and_o hard_o and_o the_o hinder_a part_n very_o thin_a the_o choroide_v black_a under_o the_o iris_n and_o bluish_a in_o the_o bottom_n the_o retina_fw-la very_o thick_a and_o somewhat_o reddish_n the_o humour_n all_o aqueous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o didistinguish_v they_o the_o crystallinus_n itself_o seem_v to_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o other_o humour_n near_o the_o place_n through_o which_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o orbitae_fw-la or_o eye-hole_n several_a very_a fine_a fibre_n of_o nerve_n do_v likewise_o enter_v and_o 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find_v neither_o any_o passage_n for_o sound_n nor_o any_o sign_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o our_o chameleon_n which_o can_v make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o it_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o true_a say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o animal_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o make_v any_o noise_n the_o nerve_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n be_v easy_o see_v when_o the_o entrail_n be_v take_v away_o they_o proceed_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n from_o the_o vertebra_n and_o some_o of_o those_o which_o be_v dâ—…stributed_v into_o the_o foreleg_n come_v out_o from_o the_o superior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n because_o that_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v very_o short_a can_v not_o sufficient_o afford_v they_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o thorax_n three_o on_o each_o side_n which_o first_o unite_v and_o be_v afterward_o divide_v return_v towards_o the_o omâ—…platae_n those_o design_v for_o the_o move_n 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very_o sleek_a and_o smooth_a from_o the_o outside_n inward_o these_o point_n view_v with_o a_o microscope_n be_v transparent_a as_o crystal_n and_o appear_v to_o have_v three_o line_n in_o length_n and_o one_o and_o a_o half_a at_o their_o basis._n the_o throat_n be_v very_o large_a and_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v not_o lesser_a than_o the_o stomach_n in_o which_o author_n do_v say_v that_o this_o fish_n conceal_v its_o young_a when_o they_o be_v afraid_a by_o swallow_v they_o down_o to_o vomit_v they_o up_o again_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o make_v aelian_a and_o plutarch_n to_o say_v that_o the_o subtlety_n which_o this_o fish_n have_v to_o quit_v itself_o of_o the_o hook_n which_o it_o have_v swallow_v be_v to_o spew_v it_o up_o with_o its_o stomach_n which_o as_o aelian_a report_n it_o can_v turn_v the_o wrong_a side_n outward_a which_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a than_o what_o other_o do_v say_v viz._n that_o it_o proceed_v to_o swallow_v the_o line_n until_o it_o 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two_o point_n already_o mention_v and_o which_o author_n report_v to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o male_n the_o bronchiae_n or_o gills_n which_o be_v five_o of_o each_o side_n have_v this_o common_a among_o they_o that_o their_o aperture_n which_o be_v about_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a be_v enlarge_v almost_o as_o much_o again_o in_o the_o inside_n to_o lap_v over_o a_o hole_n like_o to_o their_o aperture_n that_o wherein_o they_o differ_v be_v that_o the_o three_o middle_a hole_n be_v great_a and_o provide_v on_o the_o inside_n with_o bronchiae_n the_o two_o last_o which_o be_v somewhat_o lesser_a especial_o that_o which_o be_v most_o distant_a from_o the_o head_n have_v this_o particular_a that_o they_o be_v smooth_a and_o without_o those_o foliage_n whereof_o the_o bronchiae_n or_o gills_n be_v compose_v the_o heart_n have_v no_o pericardium_n but_o there_o be_v a_o membrane_n like_v to_o that_o of_o the_o pericardium_n which_o reinve_v and_o envelop_v the_o aorta_fw-la the_o bigness_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o figure_n resemble_v a_o pullet_n egg._n be_v ventricle_n which_o be_v single_a as_o in_o most_o animal_n which_o do_v not_o breath_n have_v five_o valve_n three_o sigmoide_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi and_o two_o tricuspide_n at_o that_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cauâ—…_n the_o heart_n have_v likewise_o one_o single_a auricle_n very_o large_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o aorta_n be_v gird_v with_o a_o fleshy_a ring_n of_o ten_o line_n the_o aorta_fw-la ascendens_fw-la have_v cast_v forth_o some_o branch_n for_o the_o brain_n be_v consume_v and_o near_o all_o lose_v under_o the_o tongue_n the_o head_n be_v a_o mere_a lump_n of_o flesh_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o contain_v four_o inch_n in_o thickness_n the_o cranium_fw-la be_v not_o big_a than_o one_o fist_n it_o be_v near_o two_o finger_n thick_a at_o top_n this_o thickness_n be_v excavate_v by_o cavernous_a and_o unequal_a sinus_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o empty_a contain_v only_o a_o little_a mucous_a matter_n mix_v with_o blood._n the_o brain_n which_o be_v very_o small_a and_o have_v but_o little_a anfractuosity_n be_v so_o soft_a and_o flabby_a that_o no_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v on_o its_o structure_n the_o spinalis_fw-la medulla_n which_o shoot_v out_o all_o along_o through_o the_o foramina_fw-la or_o hole_n which_o be_v between_o the_o vertebra_n filament_n of_o nerve_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin_n produce_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o exit_fw-la out_o of_o the_o cranium_fw-la three_o pair_n which_o be_v about_o a_o line_n and_o a_o half_a in_o bigness_n two_o whereof_o divide_v themselves_o at_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n and_o at_o those_o which_o do_v move_v the_o great_a fore-fin_n the_o three_o pair_n run_v all_o along_o the_o backbone_n always_o keep_v the_o same_o bigness_n although_o it_o continual_o cast_v into_o the_o flesh_n little_a branch_n like_o those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la the_o eye_n which_o be_v large_a than_o those_o of_o a_o ox_n be_v only_o demi-spherical_a be_v flat_o before_o and_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cup._n this_o membrane_n be_v very_o thin_a but_o so_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v rather_o pass_v for_o a_o bone_n than_o a_o membrane_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cornea_n be_v so_o tender_a that_o it_o be_v fold_v and_o sink_v on_o the_o crystallinus_n which_o be_v perfect_o spherical_a as_o it_o be_v general_o find_v in_o fish_n yet_o in_o one_o of_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v somewhat_o flatn_v the_o anteriour_a uvea_o be_v not_o black_a nor_o very_o obscure_a in_o the_o inside_n but_o only_o greyish_a as_o it_o be_v on_o the_o outside_n where_o it_o make_v the_o iris._n the_o choroide_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o its_o ground_n have_v that_o
inch_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o external_a orifice_n to_o the_o bifurcation_n of_o the_o two_o horn_n or_o ductus_n which_o from_o the_o bifurcation_n to_o their_o extremity_n where_o the_o testicle_n be_v contain_v each_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n the_o testicle_n be_v six_o line_n long_o and_o four_o broad_a they_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n like_o the_o liver_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o and_o friable_a through_o the_o extraordinary_a heat_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v black_v by_o adustion_n this_o blackness_n of_o the_o blood_n have_v make_v the_o heart_n livid_n and_o tinge_v the_o water_n of_o the_o pericardium_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bloody_a the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o auricles_n vessel_n and_o valve_n be_v as_o in_o a_o cat_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v large_a and_o strong_a be_v eight_o line_n in_o thickness_n and_o two_o inch_n in_o breadth_n this_o bigness_n seem_v to_o we_o very_o considerable_a to_o make_v dubious_a the_o belief_n which_o we_o have_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v the_o lynx_n of_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o when_o galen_n speak_v of_o the_o different_a size_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n in_o various_a animal_n he_o give_v only_o three_o example_n of_o those_o which_o have_v they_o extraordinary_a small_a and_o feeble_a which_o be_v man_n the_o ape_n and_o lynx_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o galen_n mean_v the_o little_a lynx_n of_o oppian_n which_o only_o hunt_v hare_n and_o not_o that_o which_o devour_v staggs_n which_o be_v the_o lupus_n cervarius_n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o skull_n be_v very_o ample_a and_o open_a the_o bone_n which_o sepertes_o the_o brain_n from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o a_o tiger_n fox_n dog_n cat_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o animal_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o skull_n the_o anfractuosity_n of_o the_o brain_n appear_v through_o the_o dura_n mater_n which_o be_v transparent_a the_o external_a part_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o cortex_fw-la be_v very_o white_a and_o solid_a the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v very_o small_a the_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n diameter_n it_o be_v almost_o sphâ—…rical_a except_o the_o cornea_n which_o be_v raise_v somewhat_o more_o point_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cornea_n which_o be_v half_o a_o line_n be_v every_o where_o alike_o it_o be_v join_v as_o usual_o with_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la by_o the_o mutual_a attenuation_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o two_o membrane_n which_o be_v each_o in_o this_o place_n make_v like_o the_o diamond-cut_a of_o a_o glass_n do_v so_o join_v themselves_o that_o both_o together_o be_v not_o thick_a than_o each_o apart_o because_o that_o the_o thin_a place_n of_o the_o one_o which_o be_v its_o extremity_n lie_v upon_o the_o 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size_n it_o be_v black_a at_o the_o hinder_a part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o crystalline_a the_o aqueous_a humour_n be_v very_o abundant_a but_o somewhat_o muddy_a be_v sully_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o black_a substance_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o uvea_o the_o crystaline_a be_v seven_o line_n diameter_n and_o five_o thick_a three_o of_o which_o make_v the_o anteriour_a convexitie_n and_o two_o the_o posteriour_a the_o vitreous_a humour_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o transparent_a the_o tapetum_fw-la of_o the_o uvea_o which_o be_v of_o a_o bluish_a white_a be_v pierce_v by_o the_o optic_a nerve_n not_o at_o its_o extremity_n as_o it_o be_v see_v in_o most_o animal_n but_o almost_o in_o its_o centre_n the_o optic_a nerve_n have_v in_o its_o middle_n a_o red_a point_n incline_v to_o black._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o castor_n or_o beaver_n it_o be_v represent_v below_o with_o half_a of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v the_o fore_a part_n on_o the_o land_n and_o hind_a part_n in_o the_o water_n because_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v dure_v the_o time_n that_o it_o be_v keep_v that_o it_o love_v frequent_o to_o plung_v its_o hind-paw_n and_o tail_n into_o the_o water_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la b._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n c_o c._n the_o two_o first_o pouch_n which_o be_v the_o large_a of_o those_o wherein_o the_o castoreum_n be_v prepare_v and_o contain_v d_o d._n the_o two_o second_o which_o be_v less_o e_o e._n the_o other_o pouch_n of_o a_o three_o sort_n enclose_v in_o the_o second_o d_o e._n several_a little_a globular_a body_n be_v see_v upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sort_n of_o pouch_n f._n the_o common_a hole_n to_o the_o intestine_a and_o penis_n g._n the_o begin_n of_o the_o penis_n h_o h._n the_o epididymides_n i._o the_o testicle_n k_o k._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la l_o l._n the_o deferentia_fw-la m_o m._n the_o cremaster_n n._n one_o of_o the_o fore-paw_n o_o o._n the_o colon._n p._n the_o caecum_fw-la q._n a_o ligament_n fasten_v to_o the_o caecum_fw-la along_o which_o be_v spread_v several_a vessel_n which_o lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o coat_n of_o this_o intestine_a r_o r._n the_o brain_n s._n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n t_o t_o t_o t._n four_o other_o sinus_n proceed_v from_o the_o other_o which_o divide_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o three_o v_o v_o v._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la x._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o penis_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o castor_n or_o beaver_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a to_o observe_v nice_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o castor_n because_o there_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v make_v a_o exact_a description_n thereof_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v almost_o whole_o silent_a concern_v this_o animal_n and_o the_o modern_n apply_v themselves_o more_o to_o speak_v of_o its_o nature_n than_o to_o examine_v the_o structure_n of_o its_o body_n that_o which_o be_v dissect_v at_o the_o king_n library_n be_v take_v in_o canada_n about_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n it_o resemble_v a_o otter_n but_o be_v large_a and_o big_a and_o weigh_v above_o thirty_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o its_o great_a breadth_n be_v near_o twelve_o inch_n the_o hair_n which_o cover_v its_o whole_a body_n except_o the_o tail_n be_v not_o every_o where_o alike_o but_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o be_v mingle_v together_o and_o which_o differ_v in_o length_n as_o well_o as_o colour_n the_o big_a be_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o as_o thick_a as_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o head._n be_v colour_n be_v brown_a somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o minime_fw-la or_o soot-colour_n but_o very_o bright_a and_o its_o substance_n be_v firm_a and_o so_o solid_a that_o have_v cut_v it_o crosswise_o there_o can_v not_o any_o cavity_n be_v see_v even_o with_o the_o microscope_n the_o lesser_a be_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n there_o be_v some_o much_o short_a than_o other_o it_o seem_v likewise_o more_o slender_a and_o be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o fine_a down_n be_v not_o soft_a the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o hair_n so_o different_a be_v find_v in_o many_o animal_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o castor_n otter_n and_o wild-boar_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v likewise_o more_o necessary_a for_o they_o for_o these_o animal_n be_v subject_a to_o wallow_v in_o the_o mire_n beside_o the_o short_a hair_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o cold_a they_o have_v need_n of_o another_o long_a hair_n to_o receive_v the_o mudd_n and_o keep_v it_o
toe_n be_v equal_a have_v each_o their_o three_o phalanges_fw-la and_o the_o pollex_n not_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o other_o toe_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v from_o each_o other_o the_o nose_n eye_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o whole_a head_n do_v hardly_o render_v it_o different_a from_o the_o castor_n the_o tooth_n only_o be_v unlike_a not_o be_v sharp_a nor_o so_o strong_a as_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n which_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o aristotle_n have_v mistake_v the_o otter_n for_o the_o castor_n when_o he_o exaggerate_v after_o the_o manner_n already_o show_v the_o strange_a force_n of_o its_o bite_a for_o our_o otter_n have_v not_o those_o four_o great_a and_o long_a incisore_n which_o be_v particular_a to_o the_o castor_n and_o some_o other_o animal_n as_o the_o hare_n squirel_n and_o rat_n all_o the_o tooth_n be_v make_v like_o those_o of_o the_o dog_n or_o wolf_n and_o the_o canini_n be_v as_o be_v usual_a long_o than_o the_o incisore_n so_o that_o these_o tooth_n make_v all_o the_o resemblance_n that_o we_o find_v the_o otter_n to_o have_v with_o the_o dog_n although_o bellonius_fw-la report_v that_o it_o have_v its_o head_n and_o aelian_a call_v it_o the_o river-dog_n the_o ear_n which_o be_v little_a as_o in_o the_o castor_n be_v low_a than_o the_o eye_n and_o situate_v near_o the_o low_a jaw_n the_o hair_n be_v not_o half_a so_o long_o as_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n contain_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o body_n where_o it_o be_v long_a but_o eight_o line_n whereas_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v eighteen_o it_o be_v colour_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n but_o not_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o author_n do_v express_v it_o for_o they_o do_v report_n that_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o castor_n incline_v more_o to_o grey_n and_o we_o have_v find_v the_o contrary_a our_o otter_n have_v the_o hair_n underneath_o its_o throat_n stomach_n and_o belly_n much_o greyer_n than_o it_o be_v in_o our_o castor_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v short_a than_o upon_o the_o body_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n long_o than_o on_o the_o foot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hair_n viz._n on_o the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n and_o of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o long_o brown_a straight_a and_o thick_a the_o other_o short_a grayer_n more_o frizzle_a and_o soft_a to_o finish_v the_o description_n of_o the_o outside_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o particular_a very_o remarkable_a and_o which_o great_o distinguish_v the_o otter_n not_o only_o from_o the_o castor_n but_o even_o from_o other_o brute_n which_o be_v the_o extraordinary_a formation_n of_o the_o exterior_a orifice_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la where_o we_o find_v the_o nymphae_n and_o a_o clitoris_n as_o in_o woman_n the_o clitoris_n which_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o nymphae_n and_o beyond_o their_o junction_n be_v three_o line_n in_o length_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o membrane_n and_o ligament_n which_o enclose_v a_o bone_n two_o line_n long_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v see_v by_o the_o dissection_n be_v yet_o more_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n than_o the_o exterior_a be_v the_o liver_n which_o contain_v but_o five_o lobe_n in_o the_o castor_n have_v six_o in_o our_o otter_n the_o spleen_n which_o be_v cylindrical_a in_o the_o castor_n and_o very_o small_a not_o exceed_v ten_o line_n diameter_n and_o seven_o inch_n in_o length_n be_v flat_a in_o the_o otter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o four_o and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o its_o connexion_n be_v so_o particular_a that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n but_o from_o almost_o all_o other_o animal_n in_o which_o the_o spleen_n be_v general_o fasten_v to_o the_o stomach_n whereas_o in_o our_o otter_n it_o be_v at_o the_o epiploon_n the_o kidney_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a in_o the_o castor_n they_o be_v not_o two_o in_o length_n but_o the_o principal_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o conformation_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o a_o bear_n those_o of_o the_o otter_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o number_n of_o little_a kidney_n whereof_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v compose_v for_o instead_o of_o fifty_o two_o little_a kidney_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o bear_n there_o be_v only_o ten_o in_o the_o otter_n which_o be_v separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o each_o have_v their_o parenchyma_n vena_fw-la and_o arteria_fw-la emulgens_fw-la apart_o with_o a_o three_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o pelvis_n which_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o ureter_n produce_v and_o ten_o branch_n of_o which_o go_v to_o each_o little_a kidney_n one_o these_o little_a kidney_n beside_o a_o common_a membrane_n that_o envelop_v they_o have_v store_n of_o fibres_n which_o tie_v and_o collect_v they_o into_o a_o heap_n which_o have_v a_o figure_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o kidney_n usual_o have_v and_o there_o be_v one_o of_o these_o small_a kidney_n which_o be_v a_o little_a more_o separate_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o extend_v this_o figure_n towards_o the_o top_n so_o that_o this_o little_a kidney_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o capsula_fw-la atrabilaria_n the_o pancreas_n be_v compose_v of_o conglomerated_a gland_n like_a that_o of_o the_o castor_n and_o generality_n of_o other_o animal_n but_o they_o appear_v more_o distinct_a and_o separate_a one_o from_o the_o other_o than_o usual_a the_o lung_n as_o in_o the_o castor_n be_v compose_v of_o seven_o lobe_n six_o of_o which_o be_v equal_a in_o size_n and_o the_o seven_o very_o small_a which_o seem_v only_o a_o appendix_n of_o the_o six_o we_o careful_o seek_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o animal_n while_o they_o do_v remain_v without_o breathe_v in_o the_o belly_n of_o their_o dam_n for_o supply_v the_o use_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o respiration_n which_o be_v to_o assist_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v make_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o dilatation_n and_o compression_n of_o this_o part_n we_o have_v former_o make_v this_o search_n in_o the_o castor_n because_o that_o some_o have_v think_v that_o that_o animal_n have_v need_n of_o this_o conformation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o make_v it_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o cessation_n of_o respiration_n which_o it_o undergo_v when_o it_o plunge_v and_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n but_o we_o find_v not_o this_o foramen_fw-la open_a nor_o that_o there_o be_v other_o conveyance_n which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n than_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lung_n yet_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o we_o observe_v some_o vestigia_fw-la of_o this_o aperture_n which_o seem_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o have_v not_o be_v long_o close_v which_o appear_v to_o we_o the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o castor_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n shut_v up_o in_o his_o hutt_n without_o have_v liberty_n to_o plunge_v into_o the_o water_n and_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o this_o foramen_fw-la be_v stop_v as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o all_o animal_n a_o little_a after_o their_o birth_n when_o the_o faculty_n which_o they_o have_v of_o breathe_v render_v this_o foramen_fw-la useless_a but_o in_o our_o otter_n we_o find_v not_o any_o appearance_n that_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o foramen_fw-la which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o this_o sufficient_o agree_v with_o the_o remark_n which_o all_o author_n have_v make_v that_o the_o otter_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o force_v to_o raise_v itself_o above_o the_o water_n to_o breath_n which_o the_o castor_n do_v not_o have_v a_o much_o great_a facility_n of_o want_v respiration_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o other_o part_n which_o have_v be_v careful_o dissect_v have_v furnish_v we_o with_o nothing_o considerable_a and_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v remark_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n it_o be_v dispose_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o one_o may_v see_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o pouch_n in_o which_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n and_o the_o three_o aperture_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o animal_n and_o which_o be_v more_o distinct_o represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o penis_n forcible_o draw_v outward_o b_o b._n the_o anus_fw-la of_o the_o
the_o contrary_a the_o spleen_n be_v extraordinary_a long_o contain_v above_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n the_o colour_n thereof_o be_v livid_v incline_v to_o a_o black._n the_o pancreas_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o duodenum_fw-la and_o extend_v towards_o the_o spleen_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n and_o four_o in_o length_n the_o liver_n have_v five_o great_a lobe_n and_o a_o six_o lesser_o than_o the_o rest_n situate_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o low_a part_n bartholinus_n reckon_v seven_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o female_a be_v much_o pale_a than_o that_o of_o the_o male_a and_o it_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o great_a many_o spot_n of_o a_o dark_a red._n the_o situation_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v such_o that_o the_o right_n be_v high_a than_o the_o left_a they_o be_v both_o fasten_v to_o the_o loin_n by_o a_o membrane_n which_o we_o take_v for_o the_o duplicature_n of_o the_o paeritoneum_fw-la which_o 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man_n who_o it_o call_v by_o their_o name_n to_o entice_v they_o from_o their_o habitation_n and_o devour_v they_o as_o pliny_n relate_v and_o to_o have_v also_o humane_a foot_n and_o no_o vertebra_n in_o the_o neck_n like_o the_o animal_n which_o busbequius_fw-la take_v for_o the_o hyaena_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v particularity_n which_o leo_n africanus_n have_v not_o observe_v in_o the_o animal_n which_o he_o propose_v for_o the_o hyaena_fw-la for_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o exterior_a form_n consist_v in_o three_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o resemble_v the_o wolf_n by_o the_o head_n to_o have_v long_o stare_a hair_n on_o the_o back_n and_o a_o particular_a aperture_n under_o the_o tail_n beside_o the_o two_o which_o be_v common_o there_o in_o the_o female_n of_o other_o animal_n the_o two_o first_o mark_n which_o we_o very_o distinct_o discover_v in_o our_o civet-cat_n although_o common_a to_o other_o animal_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o very_o convince_a be_v join_v to_o the_o three_o which_o be_v so_o particular_a that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v not_o know_v any_o animal_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o like_a for_o the_o aperture_n which_o hare_n gazella_n and_o several_a other_o animal_n have_v in_o this_o place_n have_v nothing_o that_o resemble_v the_o extraordinary_a figure_n of_o this_o which_o be_v in_o the_o civet-cat_n and_o which_o aristotle_n have_v very_o distinct_o observe_v in_o the_o hyaena_fw-la which_o he_o describe_v by_o say_v that_o this_o foramen_fw-la be_v like_a to_o the_o exterior_a orifice_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la of_o a_o woman_n the_o sole_a difficulty_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o the_o ancient_n have_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n which_o have_v make_v gillius_fw-la to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o panther_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o castellus_n that_o it_o be_v a_o hyaena_fw-la of_o a_o particular_a species_n but_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o most_o natural_a historian_n have_v compose_v their_o work_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o other_o and_o that_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o the_o hunter_n who_o inform_v they_o of_o the_o particularity_n of_o animal_n be_v not_o too_o gross_a and_o rude_a as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o savage_n which_o be_v addict_v to_o this_o exercise_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n and_o in_o this_o resemble_v beast_n that_o distinguish_v not_o the_o difference_n of_o odour_n but_o as_o they_o do_v relate_v to_o eat_v and_o drink_v see_v that_o we_o do_v know_v that_o the_o smell_n of_o civet_n be_v very_o disagreeable_a and_o offensive_a to_o several_a when_o it_o be_v new_a and_o not_o mix_v with_o other_o perfume_n but_o especial_o country_n person_n do_v not_o think_v that_o sweet_a odour_n be_v pleasant_a
fore-feet_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o rondeletius_n have_v confound_v the_o true_a sea-calf_n or_o phoca_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o sea-ox_n of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o have_v no_o hind-feet_n but_o only_o a_o misshape_a fish-tail_n which_o it_o make_v use_v of_o for_o swim_v which_o it_o perform_v with_o a_o very_a great_a swiftness_n according_a to_o clusius_n who_o say_v that_o he_o see_v one_o which_o the_o hollander_n have_v bring_v from_o the_o indies_n the_o sea-calf_n which_o we_o describe_v have_v not_o only_o two_o hind-feet_n but_o beside_o that_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o which_o aristotle_n just_o compare_v to_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o stagg_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o toe_n of_o these_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o shape_v nor_o so_o distinct_a as_o in_o the_o fore-feet_n and_o that_o these_o two_o foot_n thus_o extend_v as_o they_o be_v and_o join_v one_o against_o the_o other_o have_v rather_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fishe_n tail_n 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not_o like_o those_o of_o a_o calf_n which_o have_v they_o full_a and_o as_o it_o be_v stand_v out_o of_o the_o head_n for_o those_o of_o our_o subject_n be_v hide_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sink_v into_o their_o orbite_n who_o upper_a edge_n be_v not_o raise_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o calf_n nevertheless_o thesâ—…_n eye_n be_v large_a contain_v fifteen_o line_n diameter_n there_o be_v a_o internal_a eyelidd_a to_o cover_v the_o eye_n it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o hide_v in_o the_o great_a canthus_n over_o the_o eye_n there_o want_v those_o long_a hair_n which_o rondeletius_n and_o severinus_n do_v there_o place_n and_o it_o only_o have_v some_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a peculiar_a figure_n be_v square_a and_o flat_v with_o knot_n from_o space_n to_o space_n and_o very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n beyond_o the_o eye_n there_o be_v hole_n for_o the_o internal_a ear_n as_o in_o bird_n and_o there_o be_v 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severinus_n declare_v that_o he_o have_v see_v this_o miracle_n but_o he_o express_v it_o with_o such_o excess_n that_o it_o be_v the_o less_o credible_a he_o say_v that_o when_o the_o northwind_n blow_v the_o hair_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o southwind_n be_v not_o only_o lay_v but_o do_v whole_o disappear_v cardan_n affirm_v that_o this_o property_n which_o have_v pass_v for_o fabulous_a be_v find_v true_a in_o the_o indies_n experience_n have_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o this_o miracle_n be_v never_o see_v at_o paris_n for_o have_v keep_v and_o observe_v this_o skin_n for_o several_a month_n we_o find_v that_o the_o hair_n be_v in_o all_o weather_n of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o situation_n the_o skin_n be_v hard_a and_o thick_a pliny_n say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o kill_v the_o sea-calf_n but_o by_o break_v its_o head._n the_o historian_n of_o the_o west-indies_n do_v report_v that_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o manati_n be_v tan_v be_v above_o a_o inch_n thick_a 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the_o heart_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o facility_n which_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v of_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n must_v rather_o be_v attribute_v to_o this_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n than_o to_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o pliny_n allege_v between_o these_o two_o hole_n which_o be_v in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la there_o be_v a_o membranous_a separation_n make_v by_o a_o fold_n of_o the_o interior_a coat_n of_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o in_o the_o lung_n there_o be_v find_v great_a store_n of_o blood._n pliny_n report_v that_o these_o part_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n do_v contain_v less_o blood_n than_o in_o other_o animal_n this_o blood_n be_v keep_v congeal_v very_o firm_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n do_v affirm_v that_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v cartilaginous_a we_o find_v that_o they_o be_v 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the_o humour_n be_v half_o suppurate_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v not_o find_v the_o thousand_o colour_n which_o natualist_n report_v to_o be_v there_o observable_a the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o barbary_n cow._n the_o low_a figure_n be_v to_o discover_v the_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v very_o high_a the_o wind_a of_o the_o horn_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o bunch_n which_o the_o shoulder_n do_v form_n on_o the_o back_n that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o sternum_n as_o in_o the_o camel_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o other_o particularity_n which_o do_v render_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o animal_n different_a from_o the_o ordinary_a cow._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o be_v the_o great_a ventricle_n b_o b_o b._n the_o three_o other_o ventricles_n c_o c._n the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o epiploon_n d_o d._n the_o pancreas_n e._n a_o part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o its_o natural_a bigness_n â—…_n â—…â—…_n the_o membranous_a part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la on_o which_o the_o oesophagus_n lie_v and_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_o e_o e_o e._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v and_o enlarge_v make_v as_o it_o be_v the_o wing_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o extremitys_n of_o the_o other_o half_a ring_n which_o be_v underneath_o and_o be_v represent_v by_o f_z f_o f._n g_o g._n the_o hollow_a and_o chanellate_v part_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n f_o f._n the_o liver_n g._n the_o gallbladder_n γ._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n h._n half_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n loose_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o discover_v its_o interior_a surface_n i_o i._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n with_o the_o valve_n which_o do_v half_o shut_v they_o k._n the_o head_n see_v in_o another_o aspect_n than_o that_o of_o the_o low_a figure_n to_o represent_v the_o particular_a wind_a of_o the_o horn_n l_o l_o l_o l_o l._n the_o five_o small_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n m_o m._n the_o two_o great_a lobe_n n._n the_o ligament_n which_o fasten_v the_o two_o great_a lobe_n to_o one_o another_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o barbary_n cow_n this_o animal_n be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o cow._n its_o hair_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n pale_a towards_o the_o point_n than_o the_o root_n it_o be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o it_o common_o be_v in_o cow_n and_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n towards_o the_o point_n as_o the_o root_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o hair_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o big_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o other_o end_n yet_o we_o have_v before_o remarque_v a_o irregularity_n opposite_a to_o this_o in_o 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little_a teat_n be_v separate_v from_o each_o other_o be_v only_o fasten_v to_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o great_a ventricle_n by_o their_o root_n in_o some_o ostrich_n we_o have_v find_v the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o gizzard_n of_o a_o structure_n whole_o like_a to_o this_o in_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n towards_o the_o orifice_n there_o be_v several_a worm_n eight_o or_o ten_o line_n long_o and_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o middling_a pin_n they_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o body_n there_o be_v see_v as_o it_o be_v a_o blackish_a vein_n go_v from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v more_o point_v than_o the_o head_n which_o be_v small_a than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v a_o matter_n like_o to_o black_a blood_n half_o curdle_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n from_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v 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which_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n do_v knit_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la to_o the_o sternum_n do_v in_o this_o join_v it_o to_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n when_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a tendon_n these_o tendon_n become_v membranous_a and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o goose_n foot._n the_o heart_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o pericardium_n where_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a and_o lymphid_a water_n it_o be_v almost_o round_o its_o point_n be_v very_o blunt_a it_o be_v auricles_n be_v very_o little_a especial_o the_o left_a it_o descend_v not_o between_o the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n the_o liver_n be_v quite_o underneath_o its_o point_n the_o tongue_n be_v very_o small_a not_o exceed_v three_o line_n in_o length_n it_o be_v double_a have_v two_o point_n one_o whereof_o which_o be_v round_o and_o fleshy_a do_v bend_v outward_o the_o other_o which_o be_v membranous_a and_o cartilaginous_a do_v tend_v towards_o the_o larynx_n which_o 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its_o hole_n otherwise_o than_o in_o woman_n be_v very_o far_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la viz._n towards_o the_o middle_n at_o the_o place_n where_o its_o roughness_n begin_v which_o be_v see_v only_o towards_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ductus_fw-la near_o the_o internal_a oriface_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la be_v also_o different_a from_o those_o of_o woman_n and_o resemble_v those_o of_o brute_n in_o that_o they_o be_v proportionable_o long_o and_o more_o redouble_v by_o various_a turn_n the_o clitoris_n have_v something_o more_o conformable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o other_o brute_n that_o have_v it_o than_o in_o that_o of_o woman_n be_v proportionable_o great_a and_o more_o visible_a than_o it_o be_v in_o woman_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o nervous_a and_o spongious_a ligament_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la and_o oblique_o advance_v to_o the_o side_n of_o these_o bone_n do_v unite_v to_o 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scratch_v by_o their_o mutual_a rub_n and_o by_o that_o of_o the_o stone_n and_o not_o by_o corrosion_n cause_v by_o any_o humour_n or_o acide_fw-la spirit_n as_o we_o find_v because_o that_o some_o of_o these_o double_v which_o be_v hollow_a on_o one_o side_n and_o boss_v on_o the_o other_o be_v so_o wear_v and_o bright_a on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o boss_n that_o there_o remain_v nothing_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o money_n whereas_o the_o side_n which_o be_v hollow_a be_v not_o at_o all_o damage_v its_o cavity_n have_v defend_v it_o from_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o other_o double_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o uentricle_n with_o these_o double_v as_o well_o stone_n and_o bone_n as_o pulse_n and_o hay_n be_v green_a we_o find_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o uentricle_n of_o a_o bustard_n where_o there_o be_v ninety_o double_v wear_v by_o this_o rub_n they_o have_v likewise_o give_v a_o green_a colour_n to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o hay_n which_o be_v there_o this_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o in_o bird_n and_o general_o in_o all_o animal_n the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n be_v not_o perform_v only_o by_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a spirit_n but_o also_o by_o the_o organical_a and_o mechanical_a action_n of_o the_o ventricle_n which_o compress_n and_o incessant_o beat_v the_o thing_n which_o it_o contain_v so_o that_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o animal_n which_o do_v swallow_v a_o hard_a nourishment_n without_o chew_v it_o as_o bird_n which_o live_v on_o grain_n nature_n have_v make_v their_o ventricle_n musculous_a and_o have_v give_v they_o the_o instinct_n of_o swallow_a stone_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o may_v break_v in_o their_o ventricle_n what_o other_o do_v bruise_v with_o their_o tooth_n in_o fine_a this_o affectation_n which_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n have_v of_o swallow_a stone_n have_v a_o more_o manifest_a use_n than_o that_o which_o eagle_n and_o crane_n have_v of_o put_v stone_n into_o their_o nest_n cardan_n and_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o naturalist_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o ventricle_n of_o bird_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o ostrich_n be_v fleshy_a to_o afford_v it_o more_o heat_n but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o musculous_a and_o fibrous_a flesh_n act_v more_o by_o its_o motion_n than_o by_o its_o temper_n and_o that_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o important_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o of_o contraction_n and_o dilatation_n which_o serve_v not_o less_o to_o the_o concoction_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o blood_n than_o to_o its_o distribution_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o those_o who_o have_v think_v that_o the_o stone_n and_o iron_n which_o ostrich_n do_v devour_v be_v dissolve_v in_o their_o ventricle_n by_o a_o particular_a virtue_n that_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o ventricles_n of_o different_a animal_n by_o which_o some_o do_v digest_v poison_n other_o bone_n and_o raw_a flesh_n and_o that_o the_o ostrich_n be_v furnish_v with_o that_o of_o digest_v metal_n and_o stone_n reflect_v not_o on_o that_o attrition_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o copper_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o much_o less_o on_o the_o verdure_n with_o which_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n be_v tinge_v for_o if_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o ostrich_n have_v a_o faculty_n peculiar_a for_o digest_v of_o metal_n it_o will_v digest_v they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o thing_n be_v digest_v which_o be_v to_o be_v melt_v and_o dissolve_v without_o suffer_v other_o change_n in_o their_o colour_n than_o to_o become_v white_a which_o proceed_v from_o the_o almost_o infinite_a little_a bubble_n which_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o fermentation_n there_o produce_v for_o this_o ebullition_n give_v a_o white_a colour_n to_o whatever_o it_o agitate_v as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o froth_n of_o ink_n which_o be_v white_a it_o be_v likewise_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o ventricle_n do_v receive_v a_o alteration_n in_o their_o substance_n without_o change_a colour_n as_o it_o be_v remark_v in_o craw-fish_n which_o be_v find_v half_o digest_v in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o fish_n with_o their_o natural_a blackness_n and_o not_o have_v that_o redness_n which_o they_o do_v acquire_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n boil_v and_o alter_v they_o after_o a_o manner_n which_o be_v very_o different_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o animal_n so_o that_o the_o greeness_n which_o happen_v to_o copper_n in_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o ostrich_n can_v proceed_v from_o a_o dissolvent_a that_o it_o have_v to_o digest_v metal_n but_o there_o be_v a_o probability_n that_o the_o dissolution_n be_v there_o make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v out_o of_o this_o ventricle_n if_o the_o copper_n have_v be_v champ_v with_o herb_n or_o some_o acid_n or_o saline_a liquor_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o it_o be_v and_o which_o shall_v be_v very_o different_a from_o this_o acid_a or_o salt_n or_o else_o from_o that_o general_a dissolvent_a whatever_o it_o be_v of_o all_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o afford_v nourishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o ostrich_n be_v a_o voracious_a animal_n which_o have_v need_n of_o swallow_v some_o hard_a thing_n that_o be_v requisite_a as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o break_v its_o nourishment_n it_o misuse_v the_o instinct_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v it_o for_o that_o end_n when_o it_o swallow_n iron_n and_o especial_o copper_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o poison_n in_o its_o stomach_n instead_o of_o turn_v into_o nourishment_n and_o indeed_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o those_o who_o look_v after_o these_o animal_n in_o the_o aviary_n of_o versalle_n that_o the_o ostrich_n ostrich_n which_o do_v swallow_n much_o iron_n or_o copper_n do_v all_o dye_n present_o after_o the_o intestine_n in_o our_o subject_n be_v different_a in_o length_n although_o the_o animal_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o size_n in_o one_o they_o be_v fifty_o foot_n in_o another_o forty_o two_o in_o a_o three_o thirty_o three_o in_o a_o four_o twenty_o nine_o the_o three_o small_a intestine_n have_v scarce_o more_o length_n than_o the_o colon_n and_o rectum_fw-la together_o the_o caecum_fw-la be_v double_v as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n each_o comprehend_v two_o foot_n in_o length_n more_o or_o less_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o other_o intestine_n the_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o colon_n and_o caecum_fw-la be_v uneven_a with_o some_o very_a regular_a boss_n but_o different_a in_o each_o of_o these_o intestine_n these_o boss_n be_v form_v by_o some_o leaf-like_a ligament_n which_o be_v on_o the_o inside_n almost_o the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v see_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v
communicate_v themselves_o along_o the_o testicle_n to_o which_o they_o insert_v some_o branch_n at_o equal_a space_n in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v exceed_o enveloped_v with_o membrane_n and_o fat_a but_o notwithstanding_o these_o impediment_n their_o structure_n and_o communication_n be_v distinct_o see_v because_o that_o have_v boil_v one_o testicle_n and_o all_o the_o fat_a be_v melt_v the_o vessel_n evident_o appear_v and_o show_v that_o after_o be_v unite_v they_o be_v separate_v to_o rejoin_v again_o the_o deferens_fw-la descend_v along_o the_o spine_n to_o the_o second_o bladder_n be_v there_o fasten_v after_o be_v dilate_v and_o change_v into_o a_o membrane_n this_o ductus_fw-la as_o usual_o be_v solid_a and_o without_o cavity_n at_o its_o beginning_n and_o at_o the_o end_n it_o be_v enlarge_v and_o become_v membranous_a the_o liver_n be_v red_a of_o a_o substance_n hard_a and_o firm_a by_o its_o figure_n it_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o man_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a lobe_n the_o left_a be_v part_v into_o two_o other_o small_a one_o there_o be_v also_o another_o little_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o two_o great_a one_o which_o be_v find_v but_o in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n there_o be_v no_o gallbladder_n but_o only_o a_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la which_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o insert_v itself_o at_o the_o pylorus_n the_o ductus_fw-la be_v form_v by_o the_o unite_n of_o three_o great_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o liver_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o one_o of_o these_o branch_n very_o near_o its_o insertion_n into_o the_o ductus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o great_a filbeard_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v because_o it_o be_v again_o cover_v over_o by_o the_o parenthyma_n of_o the_o liver_n the_o vena_fw-la porta_n be_v double_a have_v two_o separate_a trunk_n and_o each_o their_o particular_a root_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o big_a be_v fasten_v to_o the_o right_a lobe_n at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o gallbladder_n common_o be_v in_o bird_n the_o second_o the_o lesser_a come_v out_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o left_a lobe_n the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v join_v along_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n right_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi the_o pancreas_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v place_v between_o the_o first_o fold_n which_o the_o intestine_n do_v make_v in_o form_n of_o a_o long_a sinuosity_n as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v of_o a_o true_a flesh-colour_n the_o gland_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v be_v whole_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o join_v only_o by_o membrane_n the_o ductus_fw-la pancreaticus_fw-la be_v knit_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o jejunum_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pancreas_n where_o the_o two_o branch_n join_v which_o it_o shoot_v forth_o into_o each_o half_n of_o the_o pancreas_n one_o towards_o the_o top_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n the_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n be_v insert_v near_o the_o cholidochi_n but_o in_o our_o ostrich_n the_o insertion_n of_o the_o pancreaticus_n be_v above_o three_o foot_n distant_a from_o that_o of_o the_o hepaticus_fw-la the_o spleen_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ventricle_n by_o a_o strong_a membrane_n which_o conduct_v and_o hold_v the_o splenatick_a vessel_n it_o be_v cylindrical_a be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o eight_o line_n diameter_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o little_o small_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v parenchyma_n be_v solid_a and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o quadrupedes_fw-la the_o kidney_n comprehend_v eight_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n in_o most_o of_o our_o subject_n they_o be_v different_a from_o the_o kidney_n of_o other_o bird_n not_o be_v cut_v into_o several_a lobe_n but_o have_v a_o continuity_n very_o equal_a their_o whole_a substance_n which_o be_v quaggy_a appear_v moreover_o very_o unequal_a as_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o gland_n they_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a membrane_n that_o immediate_o cover_v they_o which_o be_v again_o cover_v over_o with_o another_o strong_a and_o thick_a supply_v the_o use_n of_o the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n the_o colour_n of_o these_o gland_n be_v of_o a_o very_a brisk_a dark_a red._n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n we_o find_v the_o kidney_n be_v cut_v in_o three_o as_o usual_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n be_v large_a than_o that_o of_o the_o middle_n the_o ureter_n be_v not_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n lay_v upon_o the_o kidney_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v include_v in_o their_o substance_n where_o it_o be_v a_o little_o large_a than_o outward_o as_o it_o be_v to_o form_v a_o pelvis_n which_o be_v about_o the_o length_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o this_o pelvis_n there_o be_v see_v several_a hole_n which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o branch_n or_o channel_n which_o the_o pelvis_n send_v into_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n there_o be_v not_o any_o appearance_n of_o papillae_fw-la the_o ring_n which_o compose_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v entire_a but_o a_o little_a compress_v which_o give_v they_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o larynx_n consist_v of_o one_o cricoide_n and_o one_o arytaenoide_n the_o cricoide_v resemble_v that_o of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o arytaenoide_n be_v make_v of_o two_o flat_a and_o large_a cartilage_n articulate_v with_o the_o cricoide_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o muscle_n between_o they_o they_o leave_v a_o aperture_n of_o six_o line_n which_o make_v the_o glottis_fw-la these_o two_o cartilage_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o one_o muscle_n which_o plain_o serve_v to_o close_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la by_o draw_v they_o together_o the_o diaphragme_n be_v not_o single_a as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o partition_n which_o separate_v the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o thorax_n from_o those_o of_o the_o low_a venture_n but_o there_o be_v several_a diaphragme_n which_o make_v a_o great_a many_o separation_n by_o divide_v the_o cavity_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v call_v the_o trunk_n into_o six_o other_o cavity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o five_o partition_n which_o may_v be_v take_v for_o as_o many_o diaphragme_n there_o be_v four_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n or_o partition_n who_o situation_n be_v direct_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n and_o a_o five_o seat_v a_o cross._n of_o the_o four_o straight_o one_o two_o be_v little_a and_o two_o great_a the_o little_a one_o cover_v the_o lung_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o side_n and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o four_o upper_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o cover_v these_o bladder_n as_o the_o little_a one_o cover_v the_o lung_n leave_v a_o great_a space_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o heart_n and_o liver_n be_v include_v together_o the_o five_o diaphragme_n which_o be_v seat_v crosswise_o go_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o separated_z the_o heart_n and_o liver_n from_o the_o gizzard_n the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o which_o the_o two_o inferior_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v likewise_o hold_v so_o that_o the_o six_o cavivity_n be_v a_o great_a one_o of_o the_o low_a venture_n another_o great_a one_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thorax_n seat_v over_o the_o first_o two_o middling_a one_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o second_o which_o contain_v the_o four_o upper_a bladder_n and_o two_o little_a one_o at_o the_o side_n of_o these_o middling_a one_o where_o the_o right_a and_o left_a lung_n be_v enclose_v each_o of_o the_o little_a diaphragme_n which_o we_o call_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n because_o that_o it_o be_v fleshy_a and_o cover_v the_o lung_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la very_o fleshy_a which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o head_n fasten_v towards_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o great_a rib_n near_o the_o angle_n which_o they_o do_v make_v with_o other_o little_a rib_n that_o fasten_v they_o to_o the_o sternum_n instead_o of_o the_o cartilage_n which_o knit_v they_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n these_o six_o head_n do_v altogether_o produce_v a_o large_a tendon_n or_o aponeurosis_n which_o be_v couch_v on_o the_o lung_n go_v to_o join_v itself_o with_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o other_o opposite_a muscle_n on_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n to_o which_o it_o be_v also_o strong_o connect_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v oblique_a incline_v a_o little_a
towards_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o its_o action_n be_v to_o contract_v the_o thorax_n by_o close_v the_o rib_n and_o draw_v they_o downward_o each_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o be_v only_o a_o membrane_n without_o musculous_a flesh_n and_o consequent_o without_o action_n and_o serve_v only_o for_o a_o partition_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o merit_n rather_o the_o name_n of_o diaphragme_n than_o the_o two_o little_a one_o that_o be_v musculous_a and_o also_o than_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n which_o serve_v for_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o separate_v the_o upper_a belly_n from_o the_o low_a be_v principal_o employ_v by_o its_o motion_n in_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v free_a as_o be_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v violent_a and_o force_v the_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o dilatation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n each_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n be_v join_v at_o the_o top_n and_o at_o the_o fore-side_n along_o each_o rib_n of_o the_o strnum_fw-la which_o be_v very_o broad_a in_o our_o ostrich_n as_o it_o common_o be_v in_o bird_n at_o its_o backpart_n it_o join_v to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o aponeurosis_n to_o the_o vertibrae_fw-la of_o the_o back_o at_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o transverse_a diaphragme_n be_v seat_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n and_o cle_n a_o ving_z on_o the_o forepart_n to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o on_o the_o hind-part_n to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n it_o go_v to_o fasten_v itself_o to_o the_o other_o great_a diaphragme_n underneath_o it_o be_v garnish_v with_o fat_a about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n the_o lung_n be_v include_v between_o the_o rib_n and_o little_a diaphragme_n call_v by_o we_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o red_a and_o spongious_a fleshy_a part_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n they_o be_v each_o ten_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a each_o of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la enter_v into_o the_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o its_o whole_a parenchyma_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n except_o that_o all_o these_o branch_n be_v simple_o membranous_a without_o any_o cartilage_n the_o air_n pass_v into_o these_o branch_n go_v to_o the_o external_a surface_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n which_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a hole_n which_o be_v see_v through_o a_o very_a thin_a coat_n wherewith_o the_o whole_a lung_n be_v cover_v to_o enclose_v the_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o only_o through_o five_o hole_n each_o about_o five_o line_n diameter_n and_o rank_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o lung_n some_o towards_o the_o backbone_n other_o towards_o the_o sternum_n those_o hole_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sternum_n pierce_v the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bladder_n be_v oblique_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o form_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v voluntary_o retain_v in_o these_o bladder_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o by_o contract_v itself_o may_v lessen_v this_o hole_n for_o some_o use_n which_o may_v be_v conjecture_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o four_o bladder_n which_o be_v on_o each_o side_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v include_v as_o have_v be_v say_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n where_o with_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o the_o coat_n of_o each_o bladder_n be_v fasten_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bladder_n between_o which_o it_o be_v the_o five_o bladder_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o include_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o between_o the_o two_o diaphragme_n with_o the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o that_o they_o touch_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n only_o at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v pierce_v to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o lung_n in_o eagle_n and_o some_o other_o bird_n we_o find_v these_o bladder_n fasten_v by_o the_o bottom_n to_o a_o membrane_n exceed_o load_v with_o fat_a which_o enclose_v as_o in_o a_o sack_n the_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n and_o which_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o epiploon_n the_o part_n of_o this_o structure_n can_v not_o be_v so_o well_o observe_v in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenderness_n of_o the_o coat_n whereof_o these_o bladder_n be_v compose_v which_o in_o the_o ostrich_n be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o hog_n bladder_n and_o we_o find_v those_o of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n four_o time_n thick_a be_v scirrhous_n but_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a not_o to_o cut_v they_o in_o make_v the_o dissection_n and_o they_o can_v be_v well_o view_v only_o by_o keep_v they_o extend_v by_o blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la this_o knowledge_n of_o this_o structure_n give_v the_o society_n a_o occasion_n of_o make_v several_a reflection_n on_o the_o manner_n of_o respiration_n in_o general_n and_o on_o that_o particular_a to_o bird_n to_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n which_o these_o organ_n must_v have_v which_o be_v so_o different_a in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v consider_v that_o respiration_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o the_o voice_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o useful_a for_o the_o concoction_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n by_o the_o continual_a agitation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o press_v the_o lung_n fill_v with_o air_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v render_v like_o soft_a pillow_n make_v that_o they_o gentle_o squeeze_v out_o not_o only_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o their_o vessel_n and_o push_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n but_o do_v also_o compress_v the_o other_o vessel_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n to_o favour_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o violent_a action_n where_o the_o retention_n of_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o make_v the_o blood_n to_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o face_n but_o the_o manner_n whereby_o respiration_n be_v accomplish_v by_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n do_v evident_o demonstrate_v the_o verity_n of_o this_o use_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n for_o inspiration_n be_v perform_v when_o the_o thorax_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o sternum_n which_o render_v its_o capacity_n more_o ample_a and_o by_o the_o relaxation_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o likewise_o diminish_v the_o capacity_n because_o that_o it_o make_v it_o to_o mount_v on_o high_a and_o take_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o thorax_n now_o this_o relaxation_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n passive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o powerful_a effort_n that_o expiration_n require_v because_o that_o the_o air_n enclose_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o action_n which_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n do_v cause_n in_o respiration_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o force_v the_o diaphragme_n downward_o if_o not_o thrust_v upward_o by_o some_o power_n which_o act_n strong_o in_o expiration_n this_o power_n be_v double_a one_o be_v that_o of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la which_o after_o have_v be_v draw_v and_o extend_v in_o the_o inspiration_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n descend_v downward_o do_v afterward_o draw_v the_o same_o centre_n upward_o as_o do_v spring_n which_o after_o have_v be_v force_v return_n to_o its_o first_o state_n by_o a_o action_n which_o galen_n call_v natural_a and_o which_o be_v not_o volentary_a like_o that_o of_o the_o muscle_n so_o that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o the_o involuntary_a retraction_n which_o happen'_v to_o the_o part_n by_o muscle_n who_o antagonist_n have_v be_v cut_v the_o other_o power_n which_o make_v the_o diaphragme_n to_o ascend_v be_v that_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o antagonist_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n when_o they_o do_v compress_v whatever_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o diaphragme_n for_o
region_n be_v destitute_a for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o bird_n which_o do_v never_o rise_v very_o high_a into_o the_o air_n who_o lung_n have_v notwithstanding_o these_o bladder_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v retain_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a many_o that_o have_v wing_n which_o they_o use_v not_o for_o fly_v and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o part_n in_o animal_n which_o have_v not_o any_o use_n in_o certain_a species_n and_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o whole_a genus_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v a_o important_a use_n in_o some_o of_o the_o species_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o in_o several_a kind_n of_o animal_n the_o male_n have_v teat_n like_o the_o female_n that_o mole_n have_v eye_n ostrich_n and_o cassowar_n wing_n and_o that_o land-tortoise_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o agree_v only_o with_o water-tortoise_n as_o it_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tortoise_n however_o it_o be_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v serve_v to_o this_o retention_n because_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o hole_n which_o they_o have_v to_o give_v entrance_n into_o the_o pouch_n be_v most_o in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o voluntary_a constriction_n and_o relaxation_n and_o moreover_o this_o retention_n of_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_a in_o the_o chameleon_n which_o have_v lung_n of_o a_o structure_n like_o that_o of_o bird_n for_o we_o have_v remark_v that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o swell_v as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o this_o posture_n although_o the_o reciprocation_n of_o the_o respiration_n cease_v not_o from_o go_v its_o usual_a pace_n as_o if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n this_o animal_n do_v retain_v the_o air_n in_o some_o of_o the_o bladder_n viz._n in_o those_o who_o aperture_n be_v in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o that_o in_o the_o other_o it_o leave_v a_o free_a egress_n and_o entrance_n to_o the_o air_n for_o respiration_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o great_a diaphragme_n there_o be_v a_o membrane_n which_o like_o a_o mediastinum_fw-la descend_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n and_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o ligament_n to_o suspend_v the_o heart_n liver_n ventricle_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v separable_a from_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n each_o have_v their_o particular_a tunicle_n these_o tunicle_n be_v join_v together_o make_v double_a and_o not_o single_a partition_n the_o second_o bladder_n have_v two_o hole_n the_o four_o descend_v not_o so_o low_a as_o in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o sternum_fw-la be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n great_a than_o ordinary_a this_o bladder_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a as_o in_o bird_n which_o have_v the_o sternum_n big_a which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o use_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o this_o four_o bladder_n and_o which_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ostrich_n now_o the_o sternum_n be_v proportionable_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o ostrich_n because_o that_o the_o muscle_n design_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o which_o it_o give_v rise_v be_v very_o small_a and_o proportion_v to_o the_o wing_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o a_o inch_n broad_a towards_o its_o basis._n it_o be_v fleshy_a valve_n make_v a_o sack_n that_o be_v but_o one_o line_n deep_a the_o tongue_n measure_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o eight_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v indent_v all_o round_a like_o a_o cock_n comb_n aldrovandus_n have_v say_v that_o the_o cassowar_n have_v neither_o wing_n nor_o tongue_n instead_o of_o say_v that_o these_o part_n be_v of_o a_o structure_n altogether_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o bird._n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v very_o big_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o cornea_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a diameter_n and_o the_o cornea_n but_o three_o line_n the_o crystalline_a be_v four_o the_o black_a purse_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v as_o usual_o in_o other_o bird_n in_o this_o subject_a we_o apply_v ourselves_o exact_o to_o remark_n what_o belong_v to_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o bird_n and_o in_o those_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o particularity_n of_o the_o admirable_a structure_n of_o this_o eyelid_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v distinct_o discover_v the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o of_o which_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o contrivance_n because_o we_o understand_v they_o only_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o we_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o we_o here_o treat_v of_o a_o machine_n all_o the_o part_n whereof_o be_v visible_a and_o which_o need_v only_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o action_n this_o internal_a eyelid_n in_o bird_n be_v a_o membranous_a part_n which_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o cornea_n when_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o it_o like_o a_o curtain_n by_o a_o little_a cord_n or_o tendon_n and_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o again_o into_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n to_o uncover_v the_o cornea_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o very_a strong_a ligament_n that_o it_o have_v and_o which_o in_o draw_v it_o back_o towards_o their_o origine_fw-la do_v fold_v it_o up_o it_o make_v a_o triangle_n when_o extend_v and_o it_o have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_a when_o fold_v up_o it_o be_v basis_n which_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la be_v towards_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la form_n when_o it_o be_v flat_v before_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o its_o anteriour_a part_n which_o be_v flat_a and_o on_o which_o the_o cornea_n be_v raise_v make_v a_o convexitie_n this_o basis_n which_o be_v the_o part_n immovable_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la do_v take_v up_o more_o than_o a_o three_o of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la the_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o which_o be_v movable_a be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o border_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o tarsus_n and_o which_o be_v black_a in_o most_o quadruped_n this_o side_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v that_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o into_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o whole_a eyelid_n which_o part_v from_o its_o origine_fw-la proceed_v to_o join_v themselves_o to_o its_o tarsus_n to_o extend_v this_o eyelid_n over_o the_o cornea_n there_o be_v two_o muscle_n that_o be_v see_v when_o the_o six_o be_v take_v away_o which_o serve_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a eye_n we_o find_v that_o the_o great_a of_o these_o two_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o very_a edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la towards_o the_o great_a corner_n from_o whence_o the_o eyelid_n take_v its_o original_n it_o be_v very_o fleshy_a in_o its_o beginning_n which_o be_v a_o large_a basis_n from_o whence_o come_v insensible_o to_o contract_v itself_o by_o pass_v under_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n like_v as_o the_o eyelid_n pass_v over_o it_o it_o approach_v the_o optic_a nerve_n where_o it_o produce_v a_o tendon_n round_o and_o slender_a so_o that_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o other_o muscle_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o poultry_n and_o which_o hinder_v it_o from_o press_v the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v and_o make_v a_o angle_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o come_v out_o from_o underneath_o the_o eye_n to_o insert_v itself_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o make_v the_o internal_a eyelid_n this_o second_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o same_o circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la but_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o eye_n like_o the_o other_o go_v to_o meet_v it_o and_o embrace_v its_o tendon_n as_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o action_n of_o these_o two_o muscle_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o first_o to_o draw_v by_o mean_n of_o its_o cord_n or_o tendon_n the_o corner_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n and_o to_o extend_v it_o over_o the_o cornea_n as_o to_o the_o
the_o exactness_n with_o which_o the_o glottis_fw-la be_v close_v in_o this_o animal_n seem_v great_o to_o assist_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o compression_n even_o as_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o be_v for_o such_o a_o use_n that_o the_o bladder_n of_o fish_n be_v so_o close_v that_o what_o force_n soever_o be_v use_v for_o the_o compress_v they_o the_o air_n can_v be_v get_v out_o otherwise_o than_o by_o burst_v they_o for_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o these_o bladder_n be_v in_o fish_n to_o remain_v always_o in_o one_o state_n they_o will_v hurt_v they_o as_o much_o in_o hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v in_o the_o water_n as_o they_o will_v assist_v they_o by_o make_v they_o to_o rise_v towards_o its_o surface_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o will_v have_v suffice_v that_o their_o body_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n thin_a enough_o to_o render_v their_o bulk_n proportion_v to_o their_o weight_n such_o as_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o wood_n and_o other_o spongious_a 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that_o so_o little_a a_o change_n as_o this_o which_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o sole_a dry_n of_o the_o shell_n be_v capable_a of_o make_v it_o useless_a for_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o tortoise_n which_o be_v always_o careful_a to_o keep_v itself_o in_o this_o equilibrium_n so_o as_o other_o animal_n be_v to_o keep_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o same_o instinct_n dare_v not_o let_v the_o air_n out_o of_o its_o lung_n to_o acquire_v a_o weight_n which_o may_v makeit_fw-ge speedy_o to_o sink_v because_o it_o fear_v that_o its_o shell_n be_v wet_a it_o shall_v become_v so_o heavy_a that_o it_o be_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v never_o have_v power_n afterward_o to_o re-ascend_a now_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o unmoveableness_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v very_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o want_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o its_o motion_n for_o the_o tortoise_n have_v not_o only_o its_o shell_n which_o 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wing_n though_o they_o do_v not_o fly_v the_o brain_n be_v very_o small_a for_o the_o size_n of_o the_o head_n which_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v very_o small_a consist_v principal_o in_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o crotaphitae_n muscle_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o which_o be_v thick_a as_o in_o the_o lion_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n have_v a_o crest_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o animal_n that_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a strength_n in_o the_o jaw_n the_o cerebrum_fw-la with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v in_o all_o sixteen_o line_n long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a the_o sea-tortoise_n which_o be_v take_v at_o the_o ant-iles_a have_v it_o three_o time_n lesser_a in_o proportion_n for_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n which_o we_o have_v of_o those_o country_n the_o tortoise_n which_o have_v there_o a_o head_n as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n have_v the_o brain_n no_o 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and_o its_o cavity_n be_v advance_v very_o far_o into_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la go_v even_o to_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o its_o usual_a membrane_n and_o moisten_a by_o several_a vessel_n which_o do_v accompany_v it_o to_o its_o end_n it_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o vertebra_n and_o send_v from_o one_o part_n and_o the_o other_o several_a pair_n of_o nerve_n those_o which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o arm_n leg_n neck_n and_o tail_n be_v very_o large_a and_o numerous_a the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n diameter_n the_o internal_a eyelidd_a which_o we_o have_v see_v stir_v in_o live_a tortoise_n have_v the_o same_o muscle_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o bird_n the_o cornea_n be_v very_a thinn_n the_o aqueous_a humour_n have_v a_o consistence_n so_o thick_a that_o it_o do_v hardly_o run_v the_o iris_n be_v of_o a_o light-soot-colour_n there_o be_v see_v several_a vessel_n interlace_v in_o the_o little_a tortoise_n that_o we_o have_v here_o which_o be_v all_o water_n tortoise_n the_o iris_n have_v four_o yellow_a ray_n on_o a_o ground_n of_o light_a soot-colour_n these_o ray_n be_v dispose_v in_o cross_n round_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o uvea_o the_o chrystallinus_n contain_v but_o one_o line_n diameter_n it_o be_v flat_a and_o lenticular_a the_o membrane_n make_v like_o a_o black_a purse_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o bird_n be_v not_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o subject_n the_o tongue_n who_o figure_n be_v pyramidal_a have_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o four_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v thinn_n not_o exceed_v a_o line_n the_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o which_o make_v but_o the_o half_a the_o tunicle_n have_v over_o it_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a teat_n the_o tongue_n with_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n have_v ten_o muscle_n five_o on_o
h._n hâ—…liaetos_n 184._o hedgehog_n 147._o 152._o herisson_n 152._o hen_n of_o africa_n barbary_n numidia_n guinea_n mauritania_n tunis_n and_o pharos_n 175._o hind_n of_o sardinia_n 167._o 170._o hyaena_fw-la 101._o hystrix_fw-la 147._o k._n kemas_n 55._o 142_o l._n lamantin_n 125._o lion._n 3._o 9_o lionness_n 13._o lupus_fw-la cervarius_n 75._o lynx_n 77._o m_o manati_fw-la 121._o meleagris_n 175._o mituporanga_n 191._o mondi_n 115._o monkey_n 157._o o._n ostrich_n 217._o otis_n 198._o otter_n 93._o otus_n 206._o p._n pintado_n 175._o phoca_fw-la 120._o porcupine_n 147._o q._n quesele_n 175._o r._n rupicapra_n 142._o s._n sapajou_n 157._o scharbo_n 133._o scops_n 206._o stag_n of_o canada_n 167._o strepsiceros_n 53._o 142._o t._n tortoise_n 252._o w._n sea-wolfe_n 122._o y._n y_fw-fr sere_n vercken_n 152._o errata_fw-la p._n 5._o l._n 48._o r._n measure_v p._n 13._o l._n 12._o r._n splitt_v at_o the_o end_n l._n 26._o r._n a_o cartilege_n p._n 20._o l._n 2._o r._n resemble_v p._n 40._o l._n 28._o r._n urethra_n l._n 30._o r._n heart_n l._n 37._o deal_n usual_o p._n 44._o l._n 4._o r._n for_o p._n 47._o l._n 36._o r._n each_o of_o the_o kidney_n p._n 48._o l._n ult_n r._n visual_a p._n 55._o l._n 41._o r._n dug_n p._n 57_o l._n 28._o r._n irregular_a l._n 33._o deal_n great_a p._n 62._o l._n 11._o r._n in_o proportion_n to_o it_o p._n 70._o l._n 23._o r._n left_a side_n p._n 71._o l._n 26._o add_v after_o ventricle_n on_o the_o out_o side_n of_o the_o liver_n p._n 78._o l._n 33._o deal_n as_o p._n 8â—…_n l._n 37._o deal_n cause_v l._n 38._o r._n urethra_n p._n 100_o l._n 1._o for_o cut_n r._n knaw_v l._n 17._o add_v then_o p._n 101._o l._n 47._o r._n out_o of_o p._n 110._o l._n 40._o r._n seller_n p._n 11â—…_n l._n 36._o r._n inch_n and_o half_a p._n 114._o l._n 14._o r._n leave_v p._n 116._o l._n 28._o for_o gula_fw-la r._n mouth_n p._n 164._o l._n 6._o r._n ossa_fw-la ilia_fw-la in_fw-la p._n 176._o l._n 18._o r._n insensible_o increase_v till_o they_o become_v three_o etc._n etc._n l._n 39_o r._n on_o p._n 182._o l._n 7._o r._n toe_n p._n 186._o l._n 17._o r._n craw._n p._n 192._o l._n 45._o r._n on_o p._n 193._o l._n 32._o r._n happen_v to_o these_o coat_n p._n 217._o l._n 29._o deal_n some_o p._n 231._o l._n 8._o for_o diaphragme_n right_a r._n right_a diaphragme_n p._n 244._o l._n 5._o deal_n by_o run_v p._n 264._o l._n 7._o r._n shut_v a_o index_n of_o matter_n chief_o anatomical_a a_o ae_n gritudo_fw-la fastigii_fw-la a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o lion_n what_o it_o be_v according_a to_o pliny_n 5_o air_n be_v use_v in_o respiration_n 179_o air_n why_o retain_v in_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o bird_n 246_o alâ—…e_n of_o the_o ancient_n our_o elk_n 107_o amber_n yellow_a think_v to_o be_v pintado_n tear_n 177_o antilope_n strepsiceros_n and_o dorcas_n the_o same_o animal_n 34_o antilope_n and_o hare_n have_v bag_n fill_v with_o a_o substance_n like_o wax_n in_o the_o groin_n 55_o anus_fw-la of_o the_o castor_n have_v no_o sphincter_n 85_o aorta_n in_o bird_n how_o divide_v at_o its_o come_n forth_o of_o the_o heart_n 210_o aorta_n descend_v on_o the_o right_a side_n in_o bird_n 236_o ape_n not_o so_o like_a man_n inward_o as_o outward_o 159_o ape_n wherein_o different_a from_o man._n ib._n ape_n provide_v with_o all_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n 163_o aqueous_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n freeze_v not_o 66_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o the_o lion_n consist_v of_o entire_a ring_n 6_o in_o the_o cametion_n of_o entire_a ring_n 20_o in_o the_o bear_n of_o imperfect_a one_o but_o large_a than_o in_o the_o lyon._n 48_o in_o the_o elk_n of_o imperfect_a ring_n 111_o in_o the_o cormorant_n of_o entire_a ring_n 137_o in_o the_o porcupine_n of_o imperfect_a ring_n 151_o in_o the_o bustard_n of_o entire_a one_o 202_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr entire_a and_o boney_n 209_o in_o the_o ostrich_n of_o entire_a ring_n 231_o enter_v into_o the_o sternum_fw-la of_o the_o indian-cock_n 194_o and_o of_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 210_o be_v fasten_v by_o round_a muscle_n to_o the_o sternum_fw-la in_o bird_n general_o 180_o be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o craw_n and_o oesophagus_n be_v swell_v up_o 210_o auricle_n leave_v big_a than_o the_o right_n in_o the_o castor_n 89_o b_o ball_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o animal_n how_o make_v 143_o barbary_n cow_n have_v a_o small_a forehead_n 127_o thought_n to_o be_v the_o bubalus_n of_o the_o ancient_n 128_o beard-hair_n common_a to_o all_o carnivorous_a animal_n 100_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n of_o a_o particular_a figure_n 122_o beak_n of_o the_o cassowar_n and_o indian-cock_n divide_v into_o three_o at_o the_o end_n 243_o bear_n most_o powerful_a of_o any_o animal_n in_o the_o faculty_n of_o grow_v 49_o she_o bear_v after_o cubbing_n eat_v nothing_o for_o 40_o day_n 49_o cub_n of_o the_o bear_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o all_o creature_n ib_o bear_v very_o strong_a of_o digestion_n ib_a beaver_n inside_n very_o much_o like_o a_o dog_n 89_o bezoar_n in_o the_o maw_n of_o the_o chamois_n 143_o bellows_o make_v use_v of_o to_o blow_v up_o the_o lung_n and_o keep_v the_o animal_n alive_a 261_o bird_n have_v a_o membrane_n like_o a_o epiploon_n 185_o have_v a_o fleshy_a valve_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la in_o the_o heart_n 210_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o aorta_n be_v divide_v 236_o how_o they_o trimm_n their_o feather_n 219_o bird_n of_o paradise_n false_o think_v footless_a 221_o bladder_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n blow_v up_o by_o the_o lung_n 179_o how_o fill_v and_o empty_v of_o wind_n 235_o bladder_n urinary_a in_o the_o porcupine_n have_v two_o coat_n 151_o in_o the_o lion_n very_o small_a 14_o fill_v with_o urine_n in_o the_o ostrich_n 227_o in_o small_a water-tortoise_n near_o the_o rectum_fw-la 257_o in_o the_o tortoise_n fibrous_a like_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o heart_n ib_a bone_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o carnivorous_a 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