greek_n call_v it_o diaphragma_n now_o this_o part_n be_v true_o a_o muscle_n assist_v respiration_n we_o may_v on_o that_o account_n have_v defer_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o till_o we_o come_v to_o describe_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n but_o because_o it_o be_v whole_o a_o internal_a part_n and_o serve_v to_o make_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o breast_n we_o rather_o choose_v to_o discourse_v of_o it_o here_o and_o omit_v it_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o muscle_n it_o be_v almost_o round_o situation_n except_v its_o two_o appendage_n whereby_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o muscle_n or_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o be_v seat_v transvers_o or_o across_o the_o body_n only_o slope_v a_o little_a backward_o it_o be_v as_o broad_a as_o the_o width_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o its_o edge_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sternum_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o low_a rib_n and_o to_o the_o low_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n it_o be_v circumference_n be_v carnous_a substance_n but_o in_o its_o middle_n or_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v nervous_a and_o membranous_a for_o thither_o do_v all_o the_o carnous_a fibre_n run_v from_o the_o edge_n wound_n in_o the_o nervous_a part_n of_o it_o be_v mortal_a because_o the_o party_n present_o fall_v into_o convulsion_n and_o respiration_n fail_v but_o if_o it_o be_v wound_v in_o its_o fleshy_a part_n the_o patient_a oft_o escape_v it_o be_v clad_v with_o two_o membrane_n the_o upper_a from_o the_o pleura_fw-la to_o which_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la and_o pericardium_fw-la be_v join_v and_o sometime_o the_o low_a tip_n of_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o under_o from_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la it_o be_v perforate_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n near_o the_o nervous_a centre_n by_o the_o trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la ascend_v from_o the_o liver_n holes_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o say_a centre_n by_o the_o gullet_n and_o two_o stomachick_a nerve_n spring_v from_o the_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la behind_o at_o the_o vertebra_n there_o descend_v betwixt_o its_o two_o appendage_n or_o production_n the_o aorta_fw-mi a_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la azygos_fw-la and_o the_o intercostal_n nerve_n distinguish_v from_o the_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la by_o dr._n willis_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la it_o have_v two_o artery_n vessel_n call_v phrenicae_fw-la from_o the_o aorta_fw-la descend_v and_o as_o many_o vein_n from_o the_o trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la ascend_v through_o it_o nerve_n it_o have_v first_o from_o the_o second_o pair_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o according_a to_o dr._n willis_n communicate_v with_o the_o intercostal_n pair_n by_o this_o communication_n of_o the_o intercostal_n nerve_n with_o that_o from_o whence_o this_o nerve_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n spring_v yea_o with_o this_o nerve_n itself_o for_o the_o say_a author_n say_v that_o two_o or_o three_o nerve_n be_v send_v from_o the_o cervical_a plexus_fw-la of_o the_o intercostal_n into_o the_o trunk_n itself_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n he_o very_o ingenious_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consent_n of_o the_o midriff_n with_o the_o heart_n brain_n and_o face_n when_o a_o man_n laugh_v for_o say_v he_o as_o often_o as_o the_o imagination_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o pleasant_a or_o wonderful_a conceit_n the_o heart_n will_v present_o fain_o triumph_v ovare_fw-la and_o be_v lighten_v by_o throw_v off_o its_o burden_n as_o it_o be_v wherefore_o that_o the_o blood_n may_v the_o quick_o be_v empty_v out_o of_o its_o right_a ventricle_n into_o the_o lung_n and_o consequent_o out_o of_o the_o leave_v into_o the_o aorta_n the_o diaphragm_n be_v instigate_v by_o the_o nerve_n that_o go_v to_o it_o from_o the_o abovesaid_a plexus_fw-la be_v draw_v upward_o with_o a_o more_o rapid_a systole_n and_o often_o repeat_v its_o jump_n as_o it_o be_v it_o bear_v up_o the_o lung_n and_o cause_v they_o the_o quick_a and_o frequent_a to_o discharge_v the_o air_n and_o blood_n and_o then_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o intercostal_n nerve_n that_o communicate_v below_o with_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n be_v also_o continue_v above_o with_o the_o maxillar_n nerve_n when_o a_o cackle_a be_v begin_v in_o the_o breast_n the_o gesture_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o face_n pathetical_o answer_v thereto_o and_o when_o the_o diaphragm_n be_v wound_v in_o its_o nervous_a part_n than_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n suffer_v convulsion_n and_o the_o laughter_n call_v risus_fw-la sardonius_n which_o be_v involuntary_a be_v cause_v beside_o the_o abovesaid_a nerve_n it_o have_v second_o small_a twig_n from_o the_o stomachick_a nerve_n and_o intercostal_n as_o they_o descend_v through_o it_o it_o be_v use_n be_v first_o to_o divide_v the_o thorax_n from_o the_o abdomen_fw-la use_v that_o noisome_a and_o impure_a vapour_n may_v not_o ascend_v from_o the_o more_o ignoble_a part_n as_o the_o gut_n to_o offend_v the_o more_o noble_a as_o the_o heart_n etc._n etc._n second_o to_o help_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o compress_v and_o exclude_v the_o excrement_n and_o in_o woman_n the_o foetus_fw-la but_o three_o its_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o assist_v respiration_n in_o which_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a muscle_n in_o inspiration_n it_o be_v stretch_v out_o plain_a in_o expiration_n it_o grow_v slaggy_a it_o be_v motion_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o mix_a motion_n but_o rather_o animal_n than_o natural_a for_o though_o we_o move_v it_o in_o our_o sleep_n and_o so_o it_o may_v seem_v natural_a yet_o see_v when_o awake_a we_o can_v stop_v slacken_v or_o hasten_v its_o motion_n as_o we_o please_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v voluntary_a or_o animal_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o part_n contain_v now_o to_o the_o part_n contain_v chap._n iu._n of_o the_o pericardium_n and_o the_o humour_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o part_n contain_v be_v either_o viscera_n or_o vasa_n bowel_n or_o vessel_n the_o bowel_n be_v the_o heart_n and_o lung_n but_o the_o heart_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o membranous_a cover_n call_v pericardium_n we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v call_v pericardium_n because_o it_o be_v place_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o heart_n denomination_n it_o be_v call_v also_o capsula_fw-la cordis_fw-la the_o heart-case_n and_o involucrum_fw-la the_o cover_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v membranous_a and_o encompass_v the_o whole_a heart_n who_o shape_n it_o therefore_o resemble_v but_o be_v large_a both_o to_o grant_v a_o free_a motion_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o contain_v its_o proper_a liquor_n it_o spring_v at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n from_o the_o outer_a common_a coat_n that_o be_v borrow_v of_o the_o pleura_fw-la of_o those_o vessel_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o heart_n origine_fw-la whence_o it_o have_v five_o hole_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o vessel_n that_o go_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o heart_n holes_n as_o first_o one_o make_v by_o the_o ascend_a trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la another_o by_o the_o vena_fw-la subclavia_fw-la both_o which_o enter_v the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n from_o whence_o there_o go_v out_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la into_o the_o lung_n which_o make_v a_o three_o hole_n a_o four_o be_v make_v by_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la enter_v the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o a_o five_o by_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la go_v out_o of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v outside_n adhere_v to_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la by_o many_o fibre_n connexion_n and_o be_v continue_v to_o it_o at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o the_o vessel_n perforate_v it_o it_o be_v low_a end_n be_v knit_v firm_o to_o the_o centre_n or_o nervous_a part_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n which_o bartholin_n say_v be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n for_o in_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o hang_v loose_a it_o have_v vein_n below_o from_o the_o phrenicae_fw-la vessel_n above_o from_o the_o axillare_v its_o artery_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v discover_v it_o receive_v nerve_n from_o the_o pair_n common_o call_v the_o six_o bartholin_n affirm_v it_o to_o have_v lymphaticks_n also_o which_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o may_v absorb_v part_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o lest_o it_o abound_v too_o much_o see_v it_o receive_v continual_a supply_n for_o i_o be_o not_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o liquor_n be_v spew_v out_o of_o the_o lymphduct_n as_o steno_n think_v but_o that_o they_o rather_o imbibe_n it_o and_o convey_v it_o to_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la it_o contain_v in_o it_o a_o serous_a liquor_n liquor_n that_o in_o healthful_a body_n be_v a_o little_a radish_n much_o like_o water_n wherein_o flesh_n have_v be_v wash_v it_o be_v breed_v of_o vapour_n exhale_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v stop_v by_o this_o
dense_a membrane_n and_o condense_v into_o humour_n dr._n lower_v oppose_v this_o opinion_n bring_v for_o argument_n that_o if_o it_o be_v collect_v this_o way_n because_o it_o will_v be_v continual_o a_o gather_n it_o will_v soon_o increase_v so_o much_o that_o this_o capsula_fw-la can_v not_o hold_v it_o but_o the_o abovesaid_a lymphduct_n absorb_v what_o be_v superfluous_a wash_v away_o this_o objection_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o his_o own_o opinion_n that_o it_o drop_v out_o of_o the_o gland_n seat_v at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n for_o such_o distillation_n will_v be_v as_o continual_a as_o this_o condensation_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v natural_o it_o be_v not_o in_o quantity_n above_o two_o spoonful_n this_o be_v that_o liquor_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v slow_v from_o the_o side_n of_o our_o saviour_n when_o the_o soldier_n pierce_v it_o with_o a_o spear_n for_o say_v the_o text_n john_n 19_o 34._o there_o come_v forth_o blood_n and_o water_n the_o pericardium_n be_v some_o sort_n of_o fence_n to_o the_o heart_n use_n but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o make_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o liquor_n it_o contain_v which_o serve_v for_o the_o moisten_a of_o the_o heart_n and_o make_v it_o slippery_a that_o it_o may_v move_v more_o glib_o chap._n v._n of_o the_o heart_n in_o general_a and_o of_o its_o motion_n the_o heart_n in_o latin_a cor_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o burn_v because_o it_o be_v the_o source_n of_o vital_a heat_n be_v the_o principal_n bowel_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o no_o perfect_a animal_n do_v want_v nor_o can_v long_o survive_v its_o wound_n vital_a spirit_n and_o natural_a heat_n be_v communicate_v from_o it_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o much_o owe_v to_o its_o substance_n as_o to_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n in_o it_o as_o shall_v be_v discourse_v hereafter_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n situation_n encompass_v with_o the_o pericardium_n and_o mediastinum_fw-la it_o be_v low_a tip_n or_o mucro_n bend_v a_o little_a to_o the_o left_a side_n neither_o its_o mucro_n nor_o side_n be_v knit_v to_o any_o place_n but_o it_o hang_v loose_a in_o its_o case_n only_o suspend_v by_o the_o vessel_n that_o go_v in_o and_o out_o of_o its_o upper_a part_n or_o basis_n it_o be_v situation_n in_o beast_n that_o feed_v upon_o grass_n be_v near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n reckon_v from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o tail_n but_o in_o man_n and_o most_o carnivorous_a animal_n it_o be_v near_o the_o head_n whereof_o the_o learned_a dr._n lower_n give_v a_o ingenious_a reason_n see_v say_v he_o the_o trajection_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n depend_v whole_o on_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o its_o liquor_n be_v not_o drive_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n so_o ready_o into_o the_o upper_a part_n as_o into_o vessel_n even_o with_o it_o or_o downward_o into_o those_o under_o it_o if_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o heart_n have_v be_v further_o from_o the_o head_n it_o must_v needs_o either_o have_v be_v make_v strong_a to_o cast_v out_o its_o liquor_n with_o great_a force_n or_o else_o the_o head_n will_v want_v its_o due_a proportion_n of_o blood_n but_o in_o animal_n that_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n and_o which_o be_v extend_v towards_o their_o food_n as_o it_o be_v the_o heart_n be_v seat_v as_o far_o from_o the_o head_n as_o from_o the_o other_o part_n and_o they_o find_v no_o inconvenience_n from_o it_o because_o they_o feed_v with_o their_o head_n for_o the_o most_o part_n hang_v down_o and_o so_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o have_v far_a to_o go_v to_o their_o head_n than_o in_o other_o so_o it_o go_v a_o plain_a and_o often_o a_o steep_a way_n it_o have_v a_o firm_a substance_n thick_a dense_a substance_n thin_a and_o soft_a in_o the_o right_a side_n thick_a and_o more_o dense_a in_o the_o left_a but_o most_o compact_a and_o hard_a at_o its_o tip_n only_o on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o tip_n it_o be_v thin_a as_o consist_v most_o of_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o inner_a and_o outer_a membrane_n it_o be_v parenchyma_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n make_v up_o of_o musculary_a fibres_n so_o that_o itself_o may_v true_o be_v repute_v a_o muscle_n it_o be_v fibres_n be_v a_o few_o of_o they_o straight_o fibres_fw-fr but_o far_o more_o oblique_a both_o be_v insert_v into_o a_o tendon_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o its_o basis_n under_o the_o auricles_n part_v of_o which_o tendon_n at_o the_o egress_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi in_o some_o creature_n become_v bony_a as_o in_o a_o stag_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o outer_a superficies_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n there_o run_v a_o few_o slender_a fibre_n straight_o upward_o and_o be_v terminate_v in_o its_o basis_n in_o which_o also_o terminate_v the_o oblique_a one_o next_o under_o these_o ascend_v from_o the_o left_a side_n towards_o the_o right_n spiral-wise_a the_o fibre_n that_o lie_v under_o these_o go_v clean_a contrary_n for_o they_o arise_v every_o where_o from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o heart_n whence_o be_v carry_v oblique_o towards_o the_o left_a and_o have_v embrace_v each_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n they_o rise_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o left_a side_n spiral-wise_a as_o the_o other_o but_o they_o run_v not_o all_o of_o they_o the_o whole_a length_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o cone_n for_o than_o will_v the_o heart_n be_v as_o broad_a or_o thick_a at_o the_o low_a end_n as_o the_o upper_a but_o some_o reach_v not_o above_o half_a way_n other_o a_o little_a further_o etc._n etc._n and_o some_o to_o the_o very_a apex_n the_o fibre_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n differ_v not_o from_o those_o of_o the_o right_a as_o to_o kind_a only_o they_o be_v considerable_o strong_a which_o they_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o whereas_o the_o right_a ventricle_n only_o promote_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o lung_n the_o left_a must_v cast_v it_o forth_o with_o that_o force_n as_o that_o it_o may_v circulate_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o curious_a reader_n may_v find_v a_o most_o accurate_a description_n of_o these_o fibre_n in_o dr._n lower_n treatise_n the_o cord_n whither_o i_o refer_v he_o for_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o such_o minute_n similar_v part_n will_v not_o be_v suitable_a to_o this_o epitome_n of_o anatomy_n though_o by_o a_o view_n of_o those_o figure_n that_o i_o have_v borrow_v of_o he_o their_o structure_n may_v be_v pretty_a plain_o apprehend_v it_o be_v shape_n be_v like_o a_o boy_n be_v top_n save_o that_o it_o be_v flattish_a behind_o or_o a_o pyramid_n turn_v topsy_n turuie_o figure_n whence_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o its_o basis_n which_o be_v its_o broad_a part_n and_o upper_a and_o into_o its_o cone_n or_o apex_n or_o narrow_a and_o low_a part_n which_o end_v in_o a_o tip_n or_o mucro_fw-la it_o be_v big_a in_o man_n than_o in_o other_o creature_n bigness_n consider_v the_o proportion_n of_o their_o body_n it_o be_v lesser_a but_o more_o dense_a in_o hot_a and_o bold_a man_n than_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o cowardly_a in_o adult_a person_n it_o be_v common_o six_o finger_n breadth_n long_o and_o four_o broad_a at_o the_o basis_n outward_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o proper_a coat_n coat_n which_o be_v thin_a but_o strong_a and_o dense_a and_o very_o hard_a to_o separate_v from_o it_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o outer_a coat_n of_o the_o great_a artery_n as_o that_o which_o clothes_v the_o ventricles_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v continue_v and_o common_a with_o that_o thin_a skin_n that_o cover_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o artery_n like_o a_o cuticula_fw-la and_o hence_o it_o be_v likely_a say_v diemerbroeck_n that_o the_o artery_n borrow_v these_o coat_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o the_o nerve_n borrow_v their_o two_o tunicle_n from_o the_o pia_fw-la and_o dura_n mater_fw-la of_o the_o brain_n upon_o this_o membrane_n that_o invest_v the_o heart_n there_o grow_v some_o hard_a fat_a about_o the_o basis_n which_o serve_v to_o moisten_v it_o it_o be_v not_o nourish_v by_o the_o blood_n or_o nutritious_a juice_n receive_v into_o its_o ventricles_n vessel_n but_o by_o vessel_n run_v through_o its_o parenchyma_n its_o artery_n be_v two_o artery_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi before_o it_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o pericardium_n and_o be_v call_v coronariae_fw-la because_o their_o trunk_n do_v not_o present_o sink_v into_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o fetch_v a_o circuit_n on_o its_o surface_n the_o better_a to_o branch_v out_o themselves_o towards_o its_o cone_n they_o encompass_v its_o basis_n and_o
substance_n of_o the_o part_n and_o that_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n than_o suffice_v for_o their_o nourishment_n as_o be_v just_a now_o show_v what_o be_v superfluous_a must_v needs_o enter_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n from_o which_o it_o go_v forward_o to_o the_o large_a and_o so_o to_o the_o heart_n but_o see_v this_o way_n of_o transfuse_v the_o blood_n through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o part_n answer_v not_o to_o that_o hasty_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n we_o above_o demonstrate_v it_o be_v necessary_a also_o to_o admit_v of_o the_o former_a way_n namely_o anastomose_v in_o which_o the_o vein_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o artery_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o their_o large_a branch_n as_o that_o notable_a one_o of_o the_o splenick_n artery_n with_o the_o splenick_n vein_n but_o also_o in_o their_o small_a twig_n in_o the_o extreme_a part_n and_o second_o as_o to_o the_o space_n of_o time_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n may_v ordinary_o circulate_v through_o the_o heart_n it_o be_v probable_o much_o short_a than_o many_o have_v imagine_v for_o suppose_v that_o the_o heart_n make_v two_o thousand_o pulse_n a_o hour_n which_o be_v the_o least_o number_n any_o speak_v of_o and_o some_o have_v tell_v twice_o as_o many_o and_o that_o at_o every_o pulse_n there_o be_v expel_v a_o ounce_n of_o blood_n which_o we_o may_v well_o suppose_v see_v the_o ventricles_n be_v wide_a enough_o to_o contain_v two_o ounce_n and_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a both_o that_o they_o be_v fill_v near_o full_a in_o the_o diastole_n and_o that_o they_o be_v near_o if_o not_o quite_o empty_v by_o the_o strong_a constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o systole_n see_v the_o whole_a mass_n usual_o exceed_v not_o four_o and_o twenty_o pound_n it_o will_v be_v circulate_v six_o or_o seven_o time_n over_o through_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o often_o by_o how_o much_o the_o blood_n come_v short_a of_o the_o suppose_a quantity_n or_o the_o pulse_n either_o natural_o or_o by_o a_o fever_n or_o violent_a motion_n be_v render_v more_o frequent_a by_o which_o quick_a motion_n the_o blood_n itself_o be_v keep_v from_o coagulation_n and_o putrefaction_n and_o the_o part_n be_v cherish_v with_o vital_a heat_n which_o heat_n of_o the_o part_n be_v much_o according_a to_o the_o slowness_n or_o rapidness_n of_o the_o circulation_n so_o when_o we_o sit_v still_o and_o the_o pulse_n be_v slow_a or_o rare_a we_o grow_v cold_a but_o when_o upon_o run_v or_o any_o violent_a exercise_n the_o pulse_n become_v more_o frequent_a and_o quick_a we_o become_v hot_a chap._n vii_o how_o blood_n be_v make_v of_o chyle_n of_o its_o colour_n and_o whether_o the_o body_n be_v nourish_v by_o it_o according_a to_o dr._n harvey_n observation_n there_o appear_v in_o a_o embryo_n a_fw-fr punctum_fw-la saliens_fw-la or_o red_a beat_a speck_n which_o be_v blood_n before_o any_o the_o least_o lineament_n of_o the_o heart_n so_o that_o whatever_o instrument_n of_o sanguification_n the_o heart_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v afterward_o it_o contribute_v nothing_o to_o the_o elaborate_n of_o the_o first_o blood_n but_o it_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o blood_n be_v sake_n to_o transmit_v it_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o embryo_n or_o foetus_fw-la than_o the_o blood_n to_o be_v make_v by_o it_o but_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o thing_n proceed_v in_o the_o grow_v foetus_fw-la far_o otherwise_o than_o they_o do_v in_o the_o first_o formation_n for_o the_o part_n of_o a_o embryo_n be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v before_o it_o have_v a_o stomach_n to_o concoct_v any_o thing_n and_o yet_o in_o a_o perfect_a foetus_fw-la none_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o stomach_n do_v concoct_v and_o prepare_v nourishment_n for_o it_o so_o it_o move_v before_o the_o brain_n be_v form_v so_o perfect_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n and_o yet_o after_o it_o be_v perfect_v every_o one_o know_v that_o the_o brain_n do_v elaborate_v such_o spirit_n as_o be_v send_v into_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o nerve_n enable_v they_o to_o move_v in_o like_a manner_n though_o there_o be_v blood_n in_o the_o embryo_n before_o the_o heart_n be_v form_v yet_o after_o it_o be_v perfect_v nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o it_o may_v at_o least_o contribute_v something_o to_o sanguification_n we_o will_v suppose_v then_o that_o as_o all_o the_o other_o part_n be_v form_v by_o the_o vis_fw-fr plastica_fw-la or_o generative_a faculty_n of_o the_o first_o vegetative_a and_o then_o animal_n soul_n seat_v in_o the_o ouum_fw-la but_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v perfect_v and_o the_o foetus_fw-la exclude_v be_v nourish_v by_o the_o blood_n so_o the_o blood_n itself_o be_v at_o first_o make_v in_o like_a manner_n assoon_o as_o the_o vein_n heart_n and_o artery_n be_v complete_v so_o as_o it_o can_v circulate_v by_o they_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v nourish_v by_o the_o chyle_n the_o heart_n assist_v the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n blood_n the_o chyle_n ascend_v by_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la as_o be_v describe_v book_n 1._o chap._n 10._o and_o flow_v into_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n together_o with_o the_o return_v venal_a blood_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o its_o diastole_n or_o relaxation_n then_o by_o its_o systole_n or_o contraction_n it_o be_v drive_v out_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o lung_n from_o whence_o it_o ascend_v again_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v expel_v through_o the_o aorta_fw-mi and_o pass_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n return_v again_o with_o it_o by_o the_o vein_n to_o the_o heart_n for_o it_o undergo_v many_o circulation_n before_o it_o can_v be_v assimilate_v to_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v evident_a both_o because_o it_o be_v the_o chyle_n but_o little_a alter_v that_o be_v separate_v in_o the_o placenta_fw-la uteri_fw-la for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la and_o in_o the_o breast_n for_o the_o infant_n to_o suck_v in_o the_o form_n of_o milk_n and_o also_o from_o hence_o that_o if_o one_o be_v let_v blood_n four_o or_o five_o hour_n or_o late_a after_o a_o full_a meal_n there_o will_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o milky_a chyle_n itself_o swim_v a_o top_n the_o coagulate_v blood_n but_o every_o time_n the_o new_a infuse_a chyle_n pass_v through_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o blood_n the_o particle_n of_o the_o one_o be_v more_o intimate_o mix_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o in_o its_o ventricles_n and_o the_o vital_a spirit_n and_o other_o active_a principle_n of_o the_o blood_n work_v upon_o the_o chyle_n which_o be_v full_a of_o salt_n sulphur_n and_o spirit_n assoon_o as_o its_o compage_n be_v loosen_v by_o its_o fermentation_n with_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n especial_o but_o also_o in_o the_o artery_n these_o principle_n have_v obtain_v the_o liberty_n of_o motion_n do_v ready_o associate_v themselves_o and_o be_v assimilate_v with_o such_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o be_v of_o a_o like_a and_o suitable_a nature_n now_o whether_o this_o alteration_n that_o happen_v to_o the_o chyle_n especial_o in_o the_o heart_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o fermentation_n or_o accension_n or_o by_o what_o other_o action_n be_v a_o thing_n not_o yet_o nor_o likely_a to_o be_v agree_v upon_o it_o be_v so_o full_a of_o difficulty_n but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v by_o fermentation_n from_o the_o considerable_a heat_n observable_a in_o the_o arterial_a blood_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o accension_n that_o seem_v to_o proceed_v not_o from_o any_o part_n inherent_a either_o in_o the_o blood_n or_o chyle_n nor_o to_o be_v effect_v so_o much_o in_o the_o heart_n and_o artery_n as_o in_o the_o lung_n while_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o their_o parenchyma_n out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o be_v inspirited_a or_o impregnate_v with_o nitrous_a air_n draw_v into_o they_o by_o inspiration_n which_o will_v be_v more_o evident_a by_o what_o follow_v why_o the_o blood_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o blood_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o the_o will_n of_o the_o creator_n though_o some_o attribute_n it_o to_o the_o heart_n other_o to_o the_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o subacid_a juice_n with_o sulphureous_a even_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v pour_v upon_o conserve_v of_o rose_n or_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o a_o palish_a red_a if_o it_o contain_v any_o thing_n of_o sulphur_n make_v it_o of_o a_o most_o deep_a
inosculate_v with_o those_o of_o the_o artery_n in_o all_o its_o ramification_n the_o three_o vessel_n be_v call_v vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la or_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la venosa_fw-la this_o have_v but_o a_o single_a coat_n as_o the_o other_o vein_n have_v after_o it_o have_v accompany_v the_o windpipe_n and_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la in_o all_o their_o branching_n in_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o its_o small_a twig_n have_v receive_v the_o blood_n by_o anastomosis_n out_o of_o the_o artery_n it_o unite_v first_o into_o two_o trunk_n viz._n the_o right_a and_o left_a afterward_o into_o one_o and_o open_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n at_o its_o orifice_n there_o be_v place_v two_o membranous_a valve_n call_v mitrale_n valve_v because_o when_o they_o be_v join_v together_o they_o do_v in_o some_o manner_n resemble_v a_o bishop_n mitre_n they_o be_v of_o a_o strong_a contexture_n than_o those_o call_v tricuspide_n at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o so_o be_v the_o fibre_n that_o ascend_v to_o they_o from_o the_o papillae_fw-la or_o fleshy_a column_n strong_a for_o see_v the_o blood_n be_v expel_v more_o impetuous_o out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n than_o out_o of_o the_o right_n for_o the_o blood_n send_v out_o of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o circulate_v only_o through_o the_o lung_n but_o that_o out_o of_o the_o other_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o valve_n and_o fibres_n shall_v be_v strong_a to_o sustain_v the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o hinder_v it_o from_o return_v into_o this_o vein_n again_o to_o direct_v its_o course_n into_o the_o aorta_n who_o orifice_n open_v in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o ventricle_n just_o as_o this_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la be_v enter_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n there_o be_v in_o a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n a_o pipe_n call_v foramen_fw-la ovale_n that_o open_v into_o it_o come_v from_o the_o cava_fw-la as_o be_v note_v above_o to_o which_o we_o shall_v here_o add_v that_o at_o its_o orifice_n into_o this_o vein_n there_o be_v a_o valve_n place_v that_o hinder_v any_o blood_n from_o return_v into_o the_o foramen_fw-la out_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o here_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n worth_n note_v concern_v the_o pulmonary_a artery_n and_o vein_n that_o whereas_o in_o all_o the_o other_o artery_n and_o vein_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n beside_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o artery_n be_v of_o a_o bright_a scarlet_a colour_n and_o that_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o black_a purple_a on_o the_o contrary_a the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la contain_v black_a purple_a blood_n and_o the_o vein_n scarlet-coloured_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v show_v before_o chap._n 7._o viz._n that_o the_o scarlet_a colour_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v whole_o owe_v to_o the_o mixture_n of_o air_n with_o it_o in_o the_o lung_n and_o therefore_o that_o blood_n which_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n bring_v into_o the_o lung_n out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o venal_a blood_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o the_o circulation_n by_o the_o cava_fw-la change_v not_o its_o colour_n till_o it_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o small_a twig_n of_o the_o say_a artery_n into_o those_o of_o the_o pulmonary_a vein_n where_o the_o airy_a particle_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o it_o and_o so_o alter_v its_o colour_n the_o pulmonary_a vein_n have_v no_o valve_n in_o it_o except_o that_o at_o its_o open_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o which_o dr._n willis_n give_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o blood_n within_o the_o praecordia_fw-la may_v always_o because_o of_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o passion_n free_o fluctuate_v and_o regurgitate_v both_o way_n backward_o and_o forward_o and_o lest_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v suffocate_v by_o the_o blood_n rush_v too_o impetuous_o into_o it_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr in_o the_o root_n of_o the_o vein_n for_o both_o this_o and_o the_o cava_fw-la have_v such_o there_o by_o the_o instinct_n of_o nature_n contract_v themselves_o invert_v its_o course_n and_o make_v it_o flow_v backward_o towards_o the_o lung_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o great_a artery_n or_o aorta_n the_o four_o vessel_n be_v the_o great_a artery_n call_v aorta_n arcula_fw-la a_o little_a chest_n and_o by_o way_n of_o eminency_n arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la because_o it_o be_v the_o great_a artery_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n from_o which_o all_o the_o other_o except_o the_o pulmonary_a be_v derive_v it_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n valve_n and_o at_o its_o rise_n have_v three_o valve_n look_v outward_o call_v semilunare_n be_v altogether_o like_o those_o at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n these_o hinder_v the_o blood_n from_o return_v out_o of_o the_o great_a artery_n into_o the_o heart_n again_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi or_o else_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o adhere_v to_o it_o in_o some_o creature_n especial_o in_o heart_n do_v often_o grow_v bony_a and_o sometime_o in_o man_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o bartholin_n and_o riolanus_n assoon_o as_o the_o aorta_n be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n it_o ascend_v not_o in_o a_o direct_a course_n towards_o the_o head_n for_o if_o it_o have_v see_v it_o open_v straight_o upward_a out_o of_o the_o ventricle_n it_o will_v have_v pour_v the_o blood_n in_o too_o rapid_a a_o stream_n into_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v have_v be_v defraud_v of_o their_o due_a share_n but_o it_o first_o bend_v arch-wise_a so_o that_o its_o bow_a corner_n sustain_v the_o first_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o expel_v blood_n and_o direct_v the_o great_a torrent_n towards_o its_o descend_a trunk_n and_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n pass_v up_o by_o the_o ascend_a be_v to_o convey_v the_o arterial_a blood_n to_o few_o and_o small_a part_n in_o a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n there_o come_v a_o pipe_n out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonalis_fw-la into_o the_o aorta_n call_v canalis_fw-la arteriosus_fw-la which_o bring_v out_o of_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n little_o more_o pass_v into_o the_o lung_n than_o may_v serve_v for_o their_o nourishment_n of_o which_o we_o give_v the_o reason_n before_o chap._n 9_o after_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v bear_v this_o canalis_fw-la degenerate_v into_o a_o impervious_a ligament_n before_o the_o aorta_n come_v out_o of_o the_o pericardium_n it_o send_v forth_o sometime_o one_o but_o often_o two_o small_a twig_n from_o each_o side_n one_o which_o compass_n the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n like_o a_o garland_n and_o send_v down_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o heart_n other_o twig_n these_o be_v call_v coronariae_fw-la when_o these_o two_o twig_n have_v encompass_v the_o basis_n and_o meet_v they_o inosculate_v with_o one_o another_o but_o not_o with_o the_o vein_n at_o their_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi there_o be_v a_o valve_n place_v that_o permit_v the_o blood_n to_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o great_a artery_n into_o they_o but_o hinder_v its_o reflux_n when_o it_o have_v pierce_v the_o pericardium_n aorta_fw-mi and_o bend_v a_o little_a arch-wise_a backward_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o trunk_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v truncus_fw-la ascendens_fw-la the_o ascend_a trunk_n the_o other_o descendens_fw-la the_o descend_v of_o these_o two_o the_o descending_z be_v large_a because_o it_o minister_v to_o more_o part_n the_o ascend_a trunk_n run_v up_o under_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la lie_v upon_o the_o windpipe_n ascend_v and_o be_v present_o divide_v into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o pass_v to_o the_o right_n subclavia_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o left_a arm_n they_o be_v call_v rami_n subclavii_fw-la because_o they_o march_v under_o the_o channel-bone_n and_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o breast_n be_v call_v axillare_v the_o right_n be_v the_o large_a and_o arise_v high_o go_v a_o more_o direct_a way_n towards_o the_o arm_n the_o left_a be_v less_o and_o arise_v lower_v ascend_v more_o oblique_o towards_o the_o left_a arm._n they_o send_v out_o several_a branch_n both_o from_o their_o low_a and_o upper_a side_n from_o the_o low_a proceed_v the_o superior_a intercostal_n superior_a which_o run_v along_o the_o interstice_n or_o interval_n of_o the_o four_o uppermost_a rib_n and_o send_v slip_n to_o the_o neighbour_a muscle_n and_o spinal_a marrow_n these_o sometime_o arise_v from_o the_o cervical_a artery_n come_v out_o through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o vertebra_n from_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o each_o subclavian_n spring_v first_o mammaria_fw-la mammaria_fw-la which_o descend_v towards_o the_o breast_n through_o the_o muscle_n that_o fill_v
iliaci_fw-la they_o run_v down_o out_o of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la to_o the_o thigh_n where_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v crurale_n where_o we_o shall_v leave_v they_o till_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o limb_n book_n 4._o chap._n 5._o have_v now_o trace_v all_o the_o artery_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi whether_o out_o of_o its_o ascend_a or_o descend_v trunk_n in_o the_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la take_v occasion_n to_o do_v so_o because_o the_o great_a artery_n out_o of_o which_o they_o all_o arise_v have_v its_o origine_fw-la in_o the_o heart_n to_o which_o we_o have_v consider_v it_o as_o a_o appendage_n we_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n in_o the_o breast_n not_o yet_o speak_v to_o pag_n 281._o tab._n ix_o fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o fig._n 7._o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o table_n figure_n i._n represent_v the_o vessel_n that_o go_v into_o and_o out_o of_o the_o heart_n a_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n b_o the_o mucro_n or_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n c_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la ascend_v from_o the_o liver_n d_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la above_o the_o heart_n descend_v from_o the_o claviculae_fw-la e_o the_o unite_n of_o these_o two_o trunk_n as_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n f_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la rise_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o pass_v towards_o the_o lung_n g_o the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_fw-la from_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi pervious_a in_o a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb._n h_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la come_v from_o the_o lung_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n i_o the_o aorta_fw-la ascend_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n k_o the_o ascend_a trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi j_o the_o descend_a trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi figure_n ii_o represent_v the_o oblique_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n lie_v under_o the_o straight_o which_o be_v outermost_a but_o here_o remove_v which_o ascend_v from_o the_o left_a side_n towards_o the_o right_a oblique_o terminate_v in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n from_o doctor_n lower_n a_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n b_o the_o cone_n c_o the_o fibres_n that_o encompass_v the_o left_a ventricle_n d_o the_o fibre_n encompass_v the_o right_a ventricle_n e_o a_o sinus_n in_o the_o interstice_n of_o the_o ventricles_n make_v for_o receive_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n figure_n iii_o represent_v a_o second_o rank_n of_o oblique_a fibres_n lie_v under_o the_o former_a and_o run_v clean_a contrary_n from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o left_a also_o from_o dr._n lower_n a_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n b_o the_o cone_n c_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o heart_n d_o the_o left_a e_o the_o fibres_fw-es of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n f_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o left_a figure_n iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o represent_v the_o valve_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o go_v into_o and_o out_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n figure_n iu._n a_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la coronaria_fw-la b_o a_o print_n of_o the_o anastomosis_n between_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o pulmonaria_fw-la by_o mean_n of_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi cc_o the_o valvulae_fw-la tricuspide_n with_o the_o fibrillae_n by_o which_o they_o be_v tie_v figure_n v._n a_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n open_v bbb_n the_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_v of_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la figure_n vi._n aa_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la lay_v open_a b_o a_o print_n of_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi opening_z into_o it_o cc_o the_o two_o valvulae_fw-la mitrale_n d_o the_o left_a ventricle_n lay_v open_a figure_n vii_o a_o the_o aorta_fw-la cut_v open_a near_o the_o heart_n bbb_n the_o valvulae_fw-la semilunare_n in_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi chap._n xii_o of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o lung_n as_o in_o the_o first_o book_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o stomach_n we_o first_o describe_v the_o gullet_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o tunnel_n to_o it_o so_o the_o same_o reason_n induce_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o windpipe_n call_v trachea_n or_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la thereby_o to_o usher_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o which_o it_o perform_v the_o same_o office_n as_o the_o gullet_n to_o the_o stomach_n this_o receive_n in_o air_n as_o that_o do_v meat_n and_o drink_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la then_o be_v a_o long_a pipe_n windpipe_n consist_v of_o cartilage_n and_o membrane_n which_o beginning_n at_o the_o throat_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o jaw_n and_o lie_v upon_o the_o gullet_n descend_v into_o the_o lung_n through_o which_o it_o spread_v in_o many_o branching_n it_o be_v common_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n part_n the_o upper_a which_o be_v call_v larynx_n larynx_n and_o the_o low_a that_o be_v name_v bronchus_n of_o the_o former_a we_o shall_v speak_v in_o chap._n 14._o where_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o other_o here_o by_o the_o bronchus_n we_o mean_v all_o the_o trachea_n beside_o the_o larynx_n bronchus_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o lung_n it_o be_v join_v immediate_o to_o the_o larynx_n to_o who_o low_a cartilege_n all_o those_o of_o the_o bronchus_n be_v assimilate_v these_o cartilage_n be_v like_o so_o many_o rib_n hope_n or_o ring_n seat_v one_o below_o another_o at_o equal_a distance_n and_o keep_v in_o their_o place_n by_o the_o inner_a membrane_n of_o the_o trachea_n which_o fill_v up_o their_o interstice_n and_o tie_n they_o one_o to_o another_o like_o a_o ligament_n yet_o these_o ring_n have_v not_o their_o circle_n entire_a but_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bronchus_n next_o the_o gullet_n that_o they_o may_v give_v way_n to_o the_o meat_n in_o swallow_v they_o pass_v into_o a_o membrane_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o inner_a membrane_n that_o tie_v they_o together_o so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o figure_n like_o the_o letter_n c._n beside_o the_o inner_a there_o be_v also_o a_o outer_a membrane_n that_o help_v to_o connect_v these_o cartilage_n the_o more_o firm_o one_o to_o another_o and_o the_o whole_a trachea_n to_o the_o neighbour_a part_n that_o it_o may_v more_o safe_o and_o firm_o descend_v into_o the_o thorax_n this_o be_v much_o thin_a than_o the_o other_o for_o the_o inner_a according_a to_o dr._n willis_n have_v two_o row_n of_o muscular_a fibres_n the_o outer_a straight_o the_o inner_a oblique_a the_o first_o by_o their_o contraction_n shorten_v the_o trachea_n the_o latter_a straiten_v it_o so_o that_o he_o think_v they_o assist_v expiration_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v violent_a as_o in_o cough_v hawk_v or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v also_o of_o most_o exquisite_a sense_n as_o every_o one_o know_v be_v the_o least_o thing_n offend_v it_o and_o cause_n a_o cough_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o convulsive_a motion_n and_o this_o it_o owe_v to_o the_o recur_v nerve_n of_o the_o six_o pair_n dr._n willis_n eighth_z creep_v along_o it_o more_o than_o the_o outer_a it_o be_v usual_o besmear_v with_o a_o fattish_a and_o mucous_a humour_n to_o hinder_v its_o dry_n and_o to_o make_v the_o voice_n smooth_a for_o when_o this_o humour_n be_v fret_v off_o in_o catarrh_n or_o it_o become_v unequal_a from_o any_o cause_n the_o voice_n become_v hoarse_a and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_v by_o too_o much_o heat_n as_o in_o fever_n it_o become_v squeak_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la have_v vein_n from_o the_o external_a jugular_n vessel_n artery_n from_o the_o carotide_n and_o from_o the_o arteria_fw-la bronchialis_fw-la first_o find_v out_o by_o frederick_n ruysch_n which_o spring_v from_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o descend_a trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi a_o little_a above_o the_o low_a intercostal_n nerve_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o recur_v branch_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la as_o abovesaid_a when_o it_o be_v descend_v as_o low_a as_o the_o four_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n division_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o trunk_n whereof_o one_o go_v into_o the_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o other_o into_o the_o left_a and_o each_o be_v present_o again_o divide_v into_o two_o and_o those_o into_o other_o till_o at_o last_o they_o end_v in_o very_o small_a branch_n which_o be_v disperse_v among_o the_o root_n of_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n and_o vein_n and_o end_n into_o and_o be_v continue_v with_o the_o little_a bladder_n that_o make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o though_o the_o lung_n call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lung_n à _fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o breath_n
mother_n blood_n why_o shall_v her_o menses_fw-la be_v stop_v all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o while_o she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o nurse_n that_o give_v suck_v common_o want_v they_o also_o for_o as_o in_o nurse_n the_o chyle_n pass_v in_o a_o great_a proportion_n to_o the_o breast_n whereby_o the_o blood_n be_v defraud_v of_o its_o due_a and_o wont_a share_n do_v not_o increase_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o to_o need_v to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o menses_fw-la so_o in_o woman_n with_o child_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nutritius_fw-la which_o be_v only_a chyle_n a_o little_a refine_a and_o impregnate_v with_o vital_a spirit_n that_o pass_v to_o the_o placenta_n by_o the_o hypogastrick_n and_o spermatick_a artery_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la that_o unless_o the_o mother_n be_v very_o sanguine_a her_o menses_fw-la intermit_v after_o the_o first_o or_o second_o month_n i_o shall_v conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v nourish_v three_o several_a way_n but_o only_o by_o one_o humour_n first_o by_o apposition_n of_o it_o while_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o imperfect_a embryo_n and_o have_v not_o the_o umbilical_a vessel_n form_v but_o after_o these_o be_v perfect_v it_o than_o receive_v the_o same_o nutritious_a juice_n by_o the_o umbilical_a vein_n the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o thin_a part_n whereof_o it_o transmute_v into_o blood_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o grosser_n part_n by_o the_o umbilical_a artery_n into_o the_o amnio_n which_o the_o foetus_fw-la suck_v in_o at_o its_o mouth_n and_o undergo_a a_o new_a concoction_n in_o its_o stomach_n be_v receive_v out_o of_o the_o intestin_n by_o the_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la as_o be_v do_v after_o the_o birth_n chap._n xxxiv_o what_o part_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n differ_v from_o those_o of_o a_o adult_n person_n have_v deliver_v the_o history_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la we_o will_v only_o further_o show_v in_o what_o part_n a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n differ_v from_o a_o adult_n person_n and_o this_o we_o can_v do_v more_o exact_o than_o in_o the_o manner_n that_o diemerbroeck_n have_v reckon_v they_o who_o therefore_o we_o shall_v here_o translate_v with_o little_a alteration_n this_o diversity_n he_o say_v consist_v in_o the_o difference_n of_o magnitude_n figure_n situation_n number_n use_v colour_n cavity_n hardness_n motion_n excrement_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o part_n now_o this_o diversity_n be_v conspicuous_a either_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o in_o the_o several_a ventricles_n or_o in_o the_o limb_n there_o be_v considerable_a in_o the_o whole_a body_n 1._o the_o littleness_n of_o all_o the_o part_n 2._o the_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o whole_a 3._o the_o softness_n of_o the_o bone_n whereof_o many_o be_v as_o yet_o gristly_a and_o flexible_a and_o that_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v further_o from_o maturity_n in_o the_o head_n there_o be_v several_a difference_n as_o 1._o the_o head_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v big_a and_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o face_n less_o neat_a 2._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o skull_n be_v soft_a and_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o bone_n but_o only_o with_o a_o membrane_n 3._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o forehead_n be_v divide_v as_o also_o of_o the_o under_o jaw_n and_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a be_v divide_v into_o four_o 4._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o occiput_fw-la or_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o four_o or_o five_o bone_n 5._o the_o brain_n be_v soft_a and_o more_o fluid_a and_o the_o nerve_n very_o soft_a 6._o the_o bone_n that_o serve_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v be_v wonderful_o hard_a and_o big_a 7._o the_o tooth_n lie_v hide_v in_o the_o little_a hole_n of_o the_o jawbone_n there_o be_v no_o less_o diversity_n in_o the_o thoraxâ—_n for_o 1._o the_o dug_n swell_v and_o out_o of_o they_o in_o infant_n new_a bear_v whether_o male_a or_o female_a a_o serous_a milk_n issue_v forth_o sometime_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n sometime_o with_o a_o light_a pressure_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o glandule_n very_o conspicuous_a but_o there_o be_v some_o fashion_n of_o a_o nipple_n 2._o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_o want_v their_o spinous_a process_n and_o be_v each_o one_o make_v of_o three_o distinct_a bone_n who_o mutual_a concourse_n form_v that_o hole_n whereby_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n descend_v 3._o the_o heart_n be_v remarkable_o big_a and_o its_o auriculae_fw-la large_a 4._o there_o be_v two_o union_n of_o the_o great_a vessel_n that_o be_v not_o conspicuous_a in_o adult_n person_n viz._n 1._o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o passage_n open_v out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la just_a as_o each_o of_o they_o be_v open_v the_o first_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o the_o latter_a into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o this_o foramen_fw-la just_o as_o it_o open_v into_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la have_v a_o valve_n that_o hinder_v any_o thing_n from_o return_v out_o of_o the_o say_a vein_n into_o the_o foramen_fw-la 2._o the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_fw-la which_o two_o finger_n breadth_n from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n join_v the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi it_o have_v a_o pretty_a large_a cavity_n and_o ascend_v a_o little_a oblique_o from_o the_o say_a artery_n to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi into_o which_o it_o convey_v the_o blood_n that_o be_v drive_v into_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n so_o that_o it_o never_o come_v in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n even_o as_o that_o blood_n that_o be_v send_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n into_o the_o aorta_n never_o come_v in_o the_o right_n except_o a_o little_a that_o be_v return_v from_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o pass_v immediate_o into_o it_o out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la by_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi so_o that_o the_o blood_n pass_v not_o through_o both_o the_o ventricles_n as_o it_o do_v after_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v bear_v for_o than_o it_o must_v have_v have_v its_o course_n through_o the_o lung_n which_o it_o can_v have_v because_o they_o be_v now_o very_o dense_a and_o lie_v idle_a and_o unmoved_a yea_o they_o be_v so_o dense_a and_o heavy_a that_o if_o one_o throw_v they_o into_o water_n they_o will_v sink_v whereas_o if_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v but_o bear_v and_o take_v only_o half_a a_o dozen_o breath_n they_o become_v so_o spungy_a and_o light_a that_o they_o will_v swim_v which_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o discover_v whether_o those_o infant_n that_o be_v kill_v by_o whore_n and_o which_o they_o common_o affirm_v be_v still-born_a be_v real_o so_o or_o no._n for_o if_o they_o be_v still-born_a the_o lung_n will_v sink_v but_o if_o alive_a so_o as_o to_o breath_n never_o so_o little_a a_o while_n they_o will_v swim_v 5._o the_o gland_n thymus_n be_v notable_o large_a and_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v of_o three_o gland_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n there_o be_v these_o difference_n 1._o the_o umbilical_a vessel_n go_v out_o of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la 2._o the_o stomach_n be_v narrow_a yet_o not_o empty_a but_o pretty_a full_a of_o a_o whitish_a liquor_n 3._o the_o caul_n be_v hardly_o discernible_a be_v almost_o like_o a_o spider_n web_n 4._o the_o gut_n be_v seven_o time_n long_o or_o more_o than_o the_o body_n 5._o in_o the_o small_a gut_n the_o excrement_n be_v pituitous_a and_o yellow_a but_o in_o the_o thick_a somewhat_o hard_a and_o blackish_a sometime_o greenish_a the_o caecum_fw-la be_v large_a than_o usual_a and_o often_o fill_v with_o faeâ—es_fw-la 6._o the_o liver_n be_v very_o large_a fill_v not_o only_o the_o right_a hypochondre_fw-fr but_o extend_v itself_o into_o the_o left_a side_n and_o cover_v all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o stomach_n it_o have_v a_o passage_n now_o more_o than_o in_o the_o adult_n call_v canalis_fw-la venosus_fw-la which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o porâ—a_n carry_v the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o umbilical_a vein_n direct_o and_o in_o a_o full_a stream_n into_o the_o cava_fw-la above_o the_o liver_n but_o assoon_o as_o the_o infant_n be_v bear_v and_o nothing_o come_v any_o long_a by_o the_o say_a vein_n this_o canalis_fw-la present_o close_n as_o the_o vein_n itself_o turn_v to_o a_o ligament_n as_o also_o do_v the_o vrachus_fw-la and_o the_o two_o umbilical_a artery_n 7._o the_o spleen_n be_v small_a 8._o the_o gallbladder_n be_v full_a of_o yellow_a or_o green_a choler_n 9_o the_o sweetbread_n be_v very_o large_a and_o white_a 10._o
the_o gland_n many_o do_v take_v for_o true_a lacteal_v lacteae_fw-la and_o therefore_o do_v believe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la that_o conduct_v the_o chyle_n direct_o to_o the_o mammae_fw-la but_o from_o whence_o those_o lacteal_v have_v their_o origine_fw-la be_v not_o agree_v among_o the_o defender_n of_o that_o opinion_n some_o affirm_v they_o to_o rise_v from_o the_o stomach_n some_o from_o the_o pancreas_n and_o some_o from_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la the_o truth_n be_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n they_o shall_v not_o agree_v concern_v their_o rise_n see_v the_o opinion_n be_v ground_v more_o upon_o rational_a conjecture_n than_o ocular_a discovery_n for_o as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o former_a book_n chap._n 32._o discourse_v of_o the_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la their_o being_n say_v to_o convey_v the_o liquor_n into_o the_o amnio_n that_o that_o be_v a_o plausible_a opinion_n if_o such_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o anatomy_n so_o we_o may_v say_v as_o to_o their_o convey_v the_o chyle_n to_o the_o breast_n where_o it_o come_v to_o be_v call_v milk_n but_o with_o all_o due_a respect_n and_o deference_n to_o the_o espouser_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n such_o as_o the_o most_o learned_a sir_n george_n ent_n caspar_n martianus_n diemerbroeck_n etc._n etc._n we_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o dissent_v therefrom_o with_o doctor_n wharton_n doctor_n needham_n etc._n etc._n till_o there_o shall_v be_v observe_v more_o certain_a footstep_n of_o such_o vessel_n the_o use_n of_o the_o breast_n in_o woman_n be_v to_o prepare_v or_o separate_v milk_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o child_n mammae_fw-la which_o how_o it_o be_v do_v we_o shall_v show_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o may_v be_v it_o be_v a_o old_a opinion_n that_o milk_n be_v make_v of_o blood_n send_v from_o the_o womb_n by_o the_o epigastrick_n vessel_n ascend_v and_o as_o be_v think_v inosculate_v with_o those_o branch_n of_o the_o mammariae_fw-la that_o descend_v towards_o the_o navel_n but_o as_o late_a anatomist_n have_v find_v those_o anastomosis_n only_o imaginary_a invent_v to_o serve_v a_o hypothesis_n so_o it_o be_v general_o deny_v that_o either_o blood_n send_v from_o the_o womb_n or_o from_o wheresoever_o be_v the_o true_a matter_n out_o of_o which_o milk_n be_v make_v for_o not_o to_o mention_v which_o yet_o be_v very_o considerable_a that_o it_o be_v incredible_a that_o the_o mother_n can_v every_o day_n endure_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n suppose_v a_o pound_n and_o half_a as_o the_o child_n suck_v daily_a milk_n from_o the_o breast_n i_o think_v the_o argument_n urge_v by_o dr._n wharton_n may_v satisfy_v any_o man._n viz._n nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a she_o go_v not_o forward_o and_o backward_o by_o the_o same_o path_n but_o if_o she_o make_v blood_n of_o chyle_n which_o be_v certain_a and_o then_o make_v chyle_n of_o blood_n again_o she_o go_v so_o for_o chyle_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o milk_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o lacteal_v vein_n if_o therefore_o that_o chyle_n be_v first_o excoct_v into_o blood_n and_o then_o return_v again_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o milk_n nature_n shall_v certain_o frustrate_v her_o first_o work_n we_o shall_v not_o therefore_o spend_v further_a time_n to_o refute_v so_o improbable_a and_o now_o obsolete_a a_o opinion_n but_o shall_v avow_v that_o chyle_n be_v the_o true_a matter_n out_o of_o which_o milk_n be_v make_v which_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o chyle_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o common_a receptacle_n from_o the_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la of_o the_o mesentery_n make_v ascend_v up_o by_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la and_o by_o it_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o subclavian_a vein_n where_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n and_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v circulate_v with_o it_o through_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o when_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n by_o the_o aorta_fw-mi a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o as_o yet_o not_o assimilate_v to_o the_o blood_n be_v send_v to_o the_o breast_n by_o the_o mammary_n and_o thoracick_a artery_n who_o capillary_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o gland_n through_o which_o it_o be_v strain_v or_o filtrate_v into_o the_o tubuli_fw-la lactiferi_fw-la even_o as_o the_o serum_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o by_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o kidney_n into_o their_o tubuli_n or_o syphon_n and_o as_o those_o syphon_n of_o the_o kidney_n carry_v the_o serum_n into_o the_o pelvis_n so_o do_v these_o of_o the_o mammae_fw-la the_o milk_n into_o the_o common_a dust_z of_o the_o nipple_n as_o for_o the_o blood_n that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o chyle_n to_o the_o gland_n that_o return_v back_o again_o into_o the_o subclavian_n and_o axillar_n vein_n and_o so_o to_o the_o heart_n beside_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o milk_n viz._n chyle_n dr._n wharton_n suitable_a to_o his_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nutritius_fw-la of_o the_o nerve_n think_v that_o the_o nerve_n contribute_v their_o share_n which_o he_o call_v spermatick_a for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o spermatick_a part_n of_o the_o child_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o nerve_n have_v such_o succus_fw-la in_o they_o which_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v what_o weakness_n must_v it_o need_v induce_v upon_o the_o mother_n to_o have_v so_o much_o of_o it_o with_o the_o animal_n spirit_n daily_o drain_v out_o of_o they_o whereas_o we_o see_v that_o many_o woman_n be_v more_o cheerful_a and_o healthful_a when_o they_o give_v suck_v than_o at_o other_o time_n we_o can_v therefore_o consent_v to_o that_o opinion_n and_o here_o a_o most_o difficult_a question_n may_v arise_v why_o the_o chyle_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v by_o some_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la or_o by_o the_o artery_n flow_v only_o to_o the_o breast_n at_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o not_o always_o see_v the_o vessel_n that_o carry_v it_o be_v not_o obliterated_a nor_o itself_o exhaust_v they_o that_o teach_v only_o that_o the_o milk_n be_v make_v of_o blood_n and_o that_o that_o blood_n be_v send_v from_o the_o womb_n by_o the_o hypogastrick_n vessel_n inosculate_v with_o the_o mammary_n these_o i_o say_v derive_v the_o milk_n from_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n as_o its_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v think_v that_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o menses_fw-la as_o common_o happen_v to_o nurse_n unless_o very_a plethoric_n occasion_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o blood_n by_o the_o say_a vessel_n up_o to_o the_o breast_n where_o so_o free_a a_o vent_n be_v find_v for_o it_o after_o it_o be_v first_o change_v into_o milk_n by_o their_o glandule_n they_o assign_v the_o same_o blood_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n and_o that_o after_o the_o birth_n it_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o breast_n but_o have_v in_o the_o former_a book_n chap._n 33._o show_v that_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v not_o nourish_v at_o all_o by_o the_o mother_n blood_n as_o also_o in_o this_o chapter_n that_o milk_n be_v not_o make_v of_o it_o we_o need_v not_o though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v how_o ill_o this_o hypothesis_n will_v satisfy_v the_o question_n if_o blood_n shall_v be_v suppose_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o the_o milk_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o invalidate_v the_o reason_n that_o have_v be_v urge_v for_o it_o than_o to_o produce_v any_o new_a one_o that_o be_v more_o satisfactory_a for_o as_o above_o in_o book_n i._o discourse_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o nourish_a the_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n we_o scruple_v not_o to_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o the_o smile_n of_o our_o so_o oversagacious_a virtuoso_n in_o resolve_v all_o into_o the_o wise_a disposal_n of_o the_o creator_n so_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o profess_v our_o i_o think_v invincible_a ignorance_n in_o this_o also_o and_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o wise_a providence_n of_o nature_n however_o we_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v diemerbroeck_n opinion_n which_o if_o it_o can_v satisfy_v may_v for_o its_o ingeniousness_n delight_n the_o cause_n of_o it_o say_v he_o be_v a_o strong_a imagination_n or_o a_o intense_a and_o often_o think_v of_o milk_n breast_n and_o their_o suction_n which_o work_v wonderful_a thing_n in_o our_o body_n not_o indeed_o simple_o of_o itself_o but_o by_o mediation_n of_o the_o appetitive_a power_n or_o of_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o induce_v various_a motion_n on_o the_o spirit_n and_o humour_n so_o the_o imagination_n and_o think_v of_o a_o great_a danger_n make_v a_o man_n tremble_v fall_v be_v cold_a fall_v into_o a_o swoon_n yea_o have_v sometime_o turn_v all_o the_o hair_n grey_a in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o imagination_n of_o a_o joyful_a matter_n cause_v heat_n and_o animosity_n of_o the_o body_n think_v on_o a_o
red_n we_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o show_v in_o how_o many_o respect_v this_o similitude_n fall_v short_a of_o explain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n but_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o inquire_v from_o whence_o the_o difference_n of_o colour_n arise_v between_o the_o venal_a and_o arterial_a blood_n every_o one_o know_v that_o blood_n let_v out_o of_o a_o vein_n into_o a_o porringer_n be_v indeed_o of_o a_o florid_n scarlet_a colour_n in_o its_o surface_n but_o all_o that_o coagulate_v be_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n from_o the_o superficies_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o of_o such_o a_o colour_n it_o appear_v as_o it_o stream_n out_o of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vein_n but_o if_o a_o artery_n be_v cut_v the_o stream_n than_o look_v of_o a_o far_o bright_a colour_n like_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o venal_a blood_n when_o it_o be_v congeal_v in_o a_o porringer_n now_o the_o arterial_a blood_n receive_v not_o this_o florid_n colour_n in_o the_o heart_n but_o in_o the_o lung_n for_o if_o it_o receive_v it_o in_o the_o heart_n then_o may_v the_o right_a ventricle_n be_v suppose_v to_o give_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o left_a but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o do_v so_o be_v clear_a by_o this_o experiment_n of_o dr._n lower_n if_o you_o open_v the_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la which_o receive_v the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n the_o blood_n differ_v nothing_o in_o colour_n from_o the_o venal_a but_o its_o curdle_a part_n look_v every_o whit_n as_o black_a but_o if_o one_o open_v the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la as_o it_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n it_o have_v the_o perfect_a colour_n of_o arterial_a blood_n which_o show_v that_o as_o it_o owe_v not_o that_o colour_n to_o the_o left_a ventricle_n any_o more_o than_o to_o the_o right_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o it_o so_o it_o must_v receive_v that_o alteration_n of_o colour_n in_o the_o lung_n in_o which_o the_o nitrous_a air_n be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v intimate_o mix_v with_o it_o and_o if_o you_o will_v accend_v it_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o flamma_n vitalis_fw-la proper_o so_o call_v in_o animal_n though_o the_o blood_n be_v to_o it_o instead_o of_o the_o oil_n or_o other_o matter_n whereon_o it_o feed_v yet_o it_o owe_v the_o continuance_n of_o its_o burn_a to_o the_o air_n without_o the_o continue_a inspiration_n of_o which_o the_o animal_n can_v live_v but_o instant_o die_v even_o as_o a_o candle_n be_v present_o extinguish_v if_o you_o put_v it_o in_o a_o close_a place_n where_o the_o air_n can_v come_v to_o it_o or_o by_o some_o engine_n be_v suck_v from_o it_o but_o this_o by_o the_o bye_n for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o plausibleness_n of_o the_o opinion_n this_o alteration_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o blood_n by_o the_o air_n in_o the_o lung_n be_v no_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v any_o such_o vital_a flame_n see_v the_o arterial_a blood_n be_v extravasated_a retain_v its_o florid_n colour_n when_o no_o doubt_n if_o there_o ever_o be_v any_o accension_n the_o flame_n be_v extinguish_v but_o this_o scarlet_a colour_n be_v mere_o from_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o blood_n from_o which_o it_o transpire_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n while_o the_o blood_n circulate_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n out_o of_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n whence_o the_o venous_a blood_n become_v so_o much_o dark_a in_o colour_n than_o the_o arterial_a and_o yet_o the_o venous_a blood_n itself_o when_o extravasated_a appear_v of_o a_o scarlet_a dye_n in_o its_o surface_n which_o be_v mere_o from_o its_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o one_o turn_v the_o congeal_a blood_n in_o a_o porringer_n upside_o down_o the_o bottom_n which_o at_o the_o turn_n be_v blackish_a will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n turn_v red_a though_o we_o have_v confess_v that_o the_o chyle_n do_v circulate_a through_o the_o body_n several_a time_n before_o it_o be_v perfect_o assimilate_v to_o the_o blood_n blood_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o it_o pass_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o form_n of_o chyle_n and_o therefore_o when_o speak_v of_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n book_n 1_o chap._n 33._o we_o often_o mention_v a_o nutritious_a juice_n which_o be_v chyle_n a_o little_a alter_v we_o do_v not_o call_v it_o so_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la but_o to_o the_o blood_n itself_o who_o pabulum_fw-la or_o nourishment_n it_o be_v assoon_o as_o the_o umbilical_a vein_n be_v form_v as_o the_o blood_n be_v of_o the_o body_n for_o as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o first_o delineate_v part_n of_o a_o imperfect_a embryo_n that_o be_v far_o different_a from_o ordinary_a nutrition_n the_o blood_n then_o consist_v of_o particle_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n each_o particle_n pass_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o that_o part_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n so_o the_o salt_n and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v equal_o mix_v be_v agglutinate_v and_o assimilate_v to_o the_o fleshy_a or_o musculous_a part_n the_o oily_a and_o sulphureous_a to_o the_o fat_a the_o salt_n and_o tartareous_a to_o the_o bone_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o be_v not_o do_v by_o any_o election_n or_o attraction_n of_o the_o part_n as_o if_o they_o pick_v and_o choose_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o discretion_n such_o particle_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o own_o nature_n for_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n be_v equal_o and_o indifferent_o carry_v to_o all_o the_o part_n but_o there_o be_v that_o diversity_n of_o figure_n both_o in_o the_o several_a particle_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o each_o part_n that_o in_o the_o circulation_n through_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n some_o stick_n in_o these_o and_o other_o in_o those_o where_o they_o be_v fasten_v and_o unite_v to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o respective_a part_n and_o those_o which_o through_o their_o peculiar_a figure_n be_v unapt_a to_o adhere_v to_o one_o or_o other_o return_v again_o to_o the_o vein_n and_o so_o to_o the_o heart_n where_o they_o receive_v some_o new_a alteration_n so_o that_o as_o the_o life_n of_o the_o flesh_n be_v in_o the_o blood_n according_a to_o levit._n 17._o 11._o so_o have_v it_o its_o vital_a heat_n and_o nourishment_n from_o it_o also_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o heart_n viz._n the_o auriculae_fw-la the_o ventricles_n and_o the_o septum_fw-la that_o divide_v they_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o heart_n in_o general_n and_o of_o its_o action_n etc._n etc._n we_o now_o come_v to_o discourse_v in_o specie_fw-la of_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o viz._n it_o be_v two_o auriculae_fw-la two_o ventricles_n and_o the_o septum_fw-la the_o auriculae_fw-la or_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v so_o call_v from_o some_o similitude_n of_o shape_n they_o have_v with_o those_o of_o the_o head_n auriculae_fw-la for_o they_o rise_v from_o a_o long_a basis_n upon_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o end_n in_o a_o obtuse_a point_n make_v a_o obtuse_a triangle_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v two_o appendage_n of_o the_o heart_n seat_v at_o its_o basis_n over_o the_o ventricles_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o fabric_n and_o use_n be_v both_o muscle_n and_o make_v up_o of_o the_o same_o order_n of_o fibres_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o opposite_a tendon_n whereof_o that_o at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v common_a to_o it_o and_o these_o auriculae_fw-la and_o the_o other_o run_v along_o their_o upper_a part_n the_o right_n be_v large_a and_o soft_a the_o left_a be_v less_o but_o more_o firm_a their_o superficies_n be_v smooth_a when_o they_o be_v fill_v but_o when_o empty_a it_o be_v wrinkle_v and_o the_o leave_v more_o than_o the_o right_n when_o they_o be_v cut_v open_a there_o appear_v in_o their_o cavity_n many_o fleshy_a column_n run_v from_o the_o upper_a to_o the_o low_a tendon_n and_o betwixt_o they_o there_o be_v pretty_a deep_a ditch_n or_o long_a cavity_n but_o few_o in_o the_o right_n than_o the_o left_a they_o be_v dilate_v and_o contract_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o heart_n motion_n but_o at_o different_a time_n for_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o diastole_n of_o the_o auriculae_fw-la and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o systole_n of_o the_o auriculae_fw-la with_o the_o diastole_n of_o the_o ventricles_n so_o that_o the_o auriculae_fw-la be_v a_o receive_v their_o blood_n from_o the_o vein_n while_o the_o ventricles_n be_v expel_v they_o into_o the_o artery_n and_o when_o
the_o ventricles_n be_v relax_v and_o empty_a in_o their_o diastole_n the_o auricles_n force_v their_o blood_n into_o they_o by_o their_o systole_n they_o serve_v to_o receive_v the_o venal_a blood_n immediate_o out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la use_v and_o pulmonalis_fw-la and_o to_o measure_v it_o as_o it_o be_v into_o the_o ventricles_n whither_o that_o they_o may_v expel_v it_o with_o the_o great_a force_n the_o internal_a fibre_n or_o column_n of_o their_o cavity_n arise_v from_o their_o root_n where_o they_o be_v join_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n reach_v direct_o outward_o towards_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o pulmonaris_n and_o in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o auriculae_fw-la grasp_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o their_o cavity_n like_o so_o many_o finger_n and_o squeeze_v it_o into_o the_o ventricles_n whilst_o they_o be_v relax_v in_o their_o diastole_n the_o heart_n have_v two_o cavity_n ventricle_n call_v ventricles_n whereinto_o it_o receive_v the_o blood_n from_o its_o two_o auricles_n and_o out_o of_o which_o it_o expel_v it_o into_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la the_o right_n be_v wide_a and_o not_o exact_o round_a but_o almost_o semicircular_a nor_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o mucro_n or_o tip_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o left_a be_v narrow_a but_o round_a and_o long_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o very_a tip_n now_o though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v smooth_a yet_o these_o ventricles_n be_v very_o unequal_a have_v their_o side_n hollow_v into_o divers_a interstice_n or_o furrow_n and_o interweave_v with_o carnous_a fibres_n reach_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n they_o be_v more_o numerous_a in_o man_n heart_n than_o in_o those_o of_o any_o other_o animal_n though_o such_o as_o be_v big_a as_o horse_n and_o the_o like_a have_v they_o large_a these_o fibre_n or_o fleshy_a column_n serve_v to_o straiten_v or_o constringe_v the_o ventricles_n and_o the_o cleft_n or_o furrow_n betwixt_o they_o help_v their_o side_n to_o close_v more_o exact_o in_o their_o systole_n than_o they_o can_v have_v do_v have_v they_o be_v smooth_a the_o fibre_n be_v more_o and_o strong_a and_o the_o furrow_n deep_o in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n than_o in_o the_o right_n yea_o they_o be_v also_o in_o that_o side_n of_o the_o septum_fw-la that_o make_v part_n of_o the_o left_a though_o that_o side_n that_o look_v to_o the_o right_n be_v well_o nigh_o smooth_a for_o there_o be_v need_n of_o great_a and_o strong_a constriction_n in_o the_o left_a than_o in_o the_o right_a see_v the_o right_n expel_v the_o blood_n to_o no_o great_a circuit_n than_o through_o the_o lung_n but_o the_o leave_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o septum_fw-la septum_fw-la or_o a_o partition_n that_o stand_v like_o a_o wall_n betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v hollow_a towards_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o as_o be_v just_a now_o say_v have_v such_o like_a fibres_n and_o cleft_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cavity_n but_o towards_o the_o right_n it_o be_v convex_a or_o bunch_v out_o and_o have_v but_o very_o little_a inequality_n many_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o have_v some_o wide_a pore_n through_o which_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n do_v pass_v immediate_o out_o of_o the_o right_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n but_o he_o that_o search_v for_o they_o diligent_o will_v find_v none_o unless_o he_o first_o make_v they_o with_o his_o probe_n and_o indeed_o if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o grow_v person_n we_o may_v much_o more_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v in_o foetus_n in_o the_o womb_n in_o who_o be_v several_a passage_n that_o after_o the_o birth_n be_v obliterated_a but_o if_o these_o be_v in_o the_o foetus_fw-la then_o shall_v nature_n have_v make_v those_o two_o other_o passage_n in_o vain_a namely_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi whereby_o the_o blood_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la as_o it_o be_v enter_v the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_fw-la which_o carry_v the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la into_o the_o aorta_fw-la i_o say_v if_o the_o blood_n can_v have_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o ventricle_n into_o the_o other_o without_o go_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o any_o pore_n that_o perforate_v the_o septum_fw-la these_o other_o passage_n have_v be_v superfluous_a and_o therefore_o we_o may_v suppose_v that_o as_o in_o grow_v person_n they_o can_v be_v find_v by_o any_o probe_n or_o bristle_n so_o they_o be_v not_o there_o even_o while_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v in_o the_o womb_n see_v there_o be_v no_o occasion_n for_o they_o as_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ventricles_n it_o may_v be_v learn_v partly_o by_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v in_o the_o three_o former_a chapter_n and_o partly_o by_o what_o shall_v be_v say_v further_o in_o the_o follow_a wherein_o we_o be_v to_o describe_v the_o vessel_n open_v into_o and_o out_o of_o they_o whither_o also_o we_o transfer_v the_o treat_v of_o their_o valve_n that_o be_v place_v at_o their_o orifice_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o ascend_v trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la because_o the_o vessel_n contain_v in_o the_o thorax_n either_o open_a into_o the_o heart_n or_o run_v out_o of_o it_o have_v finish_v the_o description_n of_o it_o we_o shall_v discourse_v next_o of_o they_o as_o appendage_n to_o it_o but_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o repeat_v here_o what_o we_o say_v book_n 1._o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o ductus_fw-la chyliferus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la that_o run_v up_o the_o thorax_n by_o the_o spine_n and_o open_v into_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n but_o shall_v desire_v the_o reader_n to_o look_v back_o thither_o for_o the_o description_n of_o it_o and_o now_o shall_v only_o meddle_v with_o the_o sanguiferous_a vessel_n that_o be_v four_o in_o number_n viz._n vena_fw-la cava_fw-la arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la or_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la or_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o the_o aorta_fw-mi or_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o in_o this_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o viz._n vena_fw-la cava_fw-la in_o the_o former_a book_n chap_n 12._o cava_fw-la and_o 13._o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o vessel_n contain_v in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la we_o suppose_v with_o the_o galenist_n that_o both_o the_o vena_fw-la porte_fw-fr and_o cava_fw-la have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o liver_n not_o dogmatical_o assert_v it_o but_o suppose_v it_o for_o method_n sake_n and_o in_o chap._n 13._o describe_v the_o branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la we_o find_v it_o present_o divide_v itself_o after_o its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n into_o the_o ascend_v and_o descend_v trunk_n the_o description_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o latter_a in_o the_o low_a belly_n we_o there_o finish_v but_o trace_v the_o ascend_v trunk_n no_o further_o than_o its_o penetrate_a through_o the_o midriff_n up_o into_o the_o thorax_n defer_v the_o further_a prosecution_n of_o it_o till_o this_o place_n that_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o vessel_n contain_v in_o the_o thorax_n as_o it_o ascend_v through_o the_o midriff_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o small_a sprig_n on_o each_o side_n phrenicae_fw-la call_v venae_fw-la phrenicae_fw-la these_o run_v through_o the_o midriff_n the_o mediastinum_fw-la and_o pericardium_fw-la if_o at_o any_o time_n matter_n gather_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v afterward_o discharge_v by_o urine_n which_o many_o physician_n have_v affirm_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o vein_n gape_v in_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n upon_o which_o such_o matter_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o fluctuate_v whereby_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o circulation_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o kidney_n out_o of_o the_o emulgent_a artery_n and_o descend_v by_o the_o ureter_n to_o the_o bladder_n from_o the_o diaphragm_n it_o pass_v undivided_a to_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n coronariae_fw-la but_o before_o it_o enter_v it_o have_v pierce_v the_o pericardium_n it_o send_v forth_o sometime_o one_o sometime_o two_o twig_n call_v venae_fw-la coronariae_fw-la which_o compass_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n bring_v back_o into_o the_o cava_fw-la the_o blood_n that_o be_v superfluous_a from_o its_o nutrition_n as_o these_o open_a into_o the_o cava_fw-la there_o be_v a_o valve_n place_v which_o permit_v the_o blood_n to_o return_v by_o they_o into_o the_o cava_fw-la but_o hinder_v any_o to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o they_o before_o this_o trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la open_a into_o the_o ventricle_n it_o be_v join_v to_o that_o other_o trunk_n that_o descend_v from_o the_o claviculae_fw-la though_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o as_o a_o continuation_n of_o this_o by_z and_o
to_o be_v particular_a as_o to_o the_o difference_n of_o number_n or_o shape_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o stomach_n of_o several_a animal_n have_v design_v only_o a_o succinct_a anatomy_n of_o man._n but_o the_o inquisitive_a may_v satisfy_v themselves_o in_o the_o learned_a dr._n charleton_n second_o prelection_n before_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n entitle_v historia_n ventriculi_fw-la or_o more_o full_o in_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n grew_n comparative_a anatomy_n of_o stomach_n and_o gut_n publish_v with_o his_o museum_fw-la regalis_fw-la societatis_fw-la it_o be_v place_v immediate_o under_o the_o midriff_n situation_n which_o it_o touch_v wherefore_o if_o it_o be_v too_o full_a it_o cause_v a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v by_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o in_o the_o forepart_n on_o the_o right_a side_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n on_o the_o left_a side_n it_o be_v touch_v by_o the_o spleen_n towards_o the_o back_n by_o the_o aorta_fw-mi the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o under_o it_o backward_o by_o the_o pancrea_n all_o which_o further_o its_o heat_n the_o bigness_n of_o it_o be_v common_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v so_o much_o food_n at_o one_o time_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o nutrition_n it_o be_v less_o in_o woman_n than_o in_o man_n to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o distension_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la they_o who_o have_v wide_a mouth_n have_v large_a stomach_n it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o gula_fw-la on_o the_o left_a side_n connexion_n where_o its_o upper_a orifice_n be_v it_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o duodenum_fw-la where_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o bottom_n in_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o caul_n by_o who_o mediation_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o liver_n back_o spleen_n colon_n and_o pancreas_n the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v membranous_a substance_n that_o it_o may_v admit_v distension_n and_o contraction_n it_o have_v three_o membrane_n the_o first_o be_v common_a which_o it_o have_v from_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la or_o the_o diaphragm_n about_o the_o upper_a orifice_n it_o be_v the_o thick_a of_o all_o those_o which_o spring_n from_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la the_o fibre_n of_o it_o be_v nervous_a be_v straight_o run_v from_o one_o orifice_n to_o the_o other_o and_o encompass_v both_o its_o bottom_n and_o side_n in_o their_o whole_a longitude_n near_o the_o orifice_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n they_o be_v far_o thick_a than_o in_o the_o middle_n insomuch_o as_o there_o they_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n carnous_a and_o motory_a these_o nervous_a fibres_n of_o this_o membrane_n do_v cross_a at_o right_a angle_n the_o carnous_a one_o lie_v next_o under_o they_o the_o second_o be_v fleshy_a and_o the_o fibre_n of_o it_o be_v transverse_a under_o which_o a_o few_o oblique_a and_o those_o fleshy_a lie_v this_o coat_n be_v believe_v by_o some_o to_o be_v muscular_a the_o three_o be_v nervous_a endue_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o fibres_n straight_o oblique_a and_o transverse_a but_o the_o straight_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a and_o plentiful_a it_o be_v something_o wrinkle_v and_o its_o inner_a superficies_n be_v pulpous_a porous_a and_o soft_a it_o be_v always_o moisten_a with_o a_o slimy_a phlegmatic_a humour_n that_o stick_v so_o close_o to_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v something_o that_o grow_v out_o of_o it_o beside_o these_o membrane_n with_o their_o fibre_n it_o have_v also_o a_o parenchyma_n but_o that_o not_o sanguineous_a but_o of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n for_o without_o a_o parenchyma_n how_o shall_v the_o inequality_n that_o spring_n from_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o fibre_n be_v fill_v up_o and_o what_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o those_o that_o make_v string_n for_o musical_a instrument_n scrape_v from_o the_o gut_n if_o not_o it_o for_o we_o see_v after_o such_o scrape_n they_o have_v lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o strength_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o the_o fibre_n and_o membrane_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o gut_n and_o stomach_n be_v the_o same_o some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v this_o parenchyma_n that_o i_o plead_v for_o to_o be_v almost_o whole_o glandulous_a it_o have_v also_o two_o orifice_n orifice_n the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o left_a side_n call_v sinistrum_fw-la wide_o than_o that_o in_o the_o right_n that_o meat_n not_o well_o chew_v might_n the_o better_o pass_v it_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cor_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o region_n of_o the_o stomach_n under_o the_o cartilago_fw-la ensiformis_fw-la be_v call_v scrobiculus_fw-la cordis_fw-la or_o heart-pit_n and_o hence_o also_o the_o pain_n which_o happen_v in_o it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o there_o be_v a_o great_a consent_n between_o it_o and_o the_o heart_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o twig_n of_o nerve_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o branch_n spring_v from_o the_o six_o pair_n communicate_v to_o both_o so_o that_o one_o be_v affect_v primary_o the_o other_o must_v suffer_v by_o consent_n this_o have_v orbicular_a fibres_n that_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v once_o receive_v within_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o stomach_n it_o may_v be_v exact_o shut_v lest_o fume_n and_o the_o heat_n shall_v break_v out_o which_o may_v hinder_v concoction_n and_o annoy_v the_o head_n the_o other_o by_o the_o grecian_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d janitor_n or_o doorkeeper_n because_o it_o as_o a_o porter_n do_v make_v way_n for_o the_o chylus_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o duodenum_fw-la it_o be_v not_o so_o wide_a as_o the_o other_o orifice_n because_o it_o be_v only_o to_o transmit_v the_o elaborate_a chylus_n here_o the_o inmost_a nervous_a coat_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wrinkle_n the_o middle_n which_o be_v carnous_a have_v here_o also_o two_o rank_n of_o fibres_n transverse_a or_o anular_a to_o straiten_v this_o passage_n and_o second_o straight_o viz._n such_o as_o run_v lengthway_n do_v gather_v up_o and_o draw_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o stomach_n towards_o this_o door_n for_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o chyle_n after_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o concoct_v in_o the_o stomach_n it_o have_v vein_n vein_n first_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la porta_fw-la and_o this_o be_v pyloricus_fw-la ramus_fw-la or_o second_o from_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o for_o so_o from_o ramus_fw-la splenicus_fw-la it_o have_v gastrica_fw-la minor_fw-la and_o gastrica_fw-la major_n the_o large_a vein_n of_o the_o stomach_n from_o whence_o coronaria_fw-la spring_v gastroepiplois_a sinistra_fw-la and_o vas_fw-la breve_fw-la from_o the_o ramus_fw-la mesentericus_fw-la before_o it_o be_v divide_v it_o have_v gastroepiplois_a dextra_fw-la all_o these_o vein_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n serve_v only_o to_o convey_v back_o again_o towards_o the_o heart_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o arterial_a blood_n which_o in_o the_o circulation_n be_v not_o spend_v on_o the_o refection_n and_o nourishment_n of_o the_o part_n though_o some_o learned_a modern_a anatomist_n think_v they_o do_v beside_o the_o arterial_a blood_n receive_v some_o of_o the_o more_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o chyle_n for_o its_o ready_a conveyance_n into_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o thence_o draw_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o very_a quick_a refreshment_n that_o hungry_a and_o faint_a person_n receive_v by_o eat_v or_o drink_v it_o have_v its_o artery_n from_o ramus_fw-la coeliacus_fw-la artery_n which_o do_v accompany_v every_o vein_n and_o have_v the_o same_o denomination_n with_o they_o it_o have_v nerve_n from_o the_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la nerve_n oâ—_n the_o six_o pair_n dr._n willis_n eighth_z who_o trunk_n pass_v down_o below_o the_o pneumonick_a branch_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o gullet_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o two_o branch_n the_o outer_a and_o inner_a both_o the_o inner_a branch_n bend_v to_o one_o another_o grow_v into_o one_o which_o pass_v with_o the_o gullet_n through_o the_o midriff_n go_v on_o the_o outer_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o spread_v itself_o in_o its_o bottom_n the_o two_o outer_a branch_n in_o like_a manner_n incline_v to_o each_o other_o unite_v into_o one_o which_o descend_v to_o the_o stomach_n by_o the_o oesophagus_fw-la and_o arrive_v at_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o its_o orifice_n there_o turn_v back_o and_o creep_v through_o its_o upper_a part_n the_o inner_a and_o outer_a branch_n as_o they_o come_v one_o on_o one_o side_n and_o another_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n send_v forth_o many_o small_a twig_n which_o mutual_o inosculate_v make_v there_o the_o plexus_fw-la nerveus_fw-la like_o a_o net_n from_o this_o multitude_n of_o nerve_n interweave_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n proceed_v that_o great_a consent_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o head_n so_o
cava_fw-la the_o large_a their_o channel_n come_v to_o be_v at_o their_o arrival_n towards_o it_o the_o small_a twig_n be_v innumerable_a the_o large_a root_n join_v immediate_o to_o the_o cava_fw-la be_v common_o but_o three_o though_o two_o of_o they_o be_v present_o towards_o the_o liver_n divide_v into_o other_o two_o as_o large_a each_o as_o themselves_o so_o that_o one_o may_v account_v they_o to_o be_v five_o these_o empty_n all_o the_o blood_n exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o liver_n into_o the_o cava_fw-la it_o be_v present_o divide_v into_o the_o ascend_v and_o descend_v trunk_n the_o ascend_v forthwith_o enter_v the_o diaphragm_n and_o march_n up_o the_o thorax_n where_o we_o shall_v leave_v it_o till_o we_o come_v thither_o and_o only_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o descend_v trunk_n as_o long_o as_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o descend_v trunk_n be_v somewhat_o narrow_a than_o the_o ascend_v truâ—k_o and_o pass_v down_o along_o with_o the_o great_a artery_n it_o continue_v undivided_a till_o the_o four_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o send_v forth_o divers_a slip_n from_o its_o trunk_n as_o 1._o the_o venae_fw-la adiposae_fw-la for_o the_o coat_n and_o fat_a of_o the_o kidney_n that_o on_o the_o left_a side_n go_v out_o first_o 2._o the_o emulgent_n descend_v to_o the_o kidney_n by_o a_o short_a and_o oblique_a passage_n these_o bring_v back_o that_o blood_n to_o the_o cava_fw-la which_o the_o emulgent_a artery_n carry_v to_o the_o kidney_n with_o the_o serum_n 3._o the_o spermaticks_n call_v vasa_n praeparantia_fw-la the_o right_n spring_v from_o the_o trunk_n of_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la a_o little_a below_o the_o emulgent_a but_o the_o leave_v from_o the_o left_a emulgent_a itself_o of_o these_o more_o in_o the_o 20_o chapter_n 4._o the_o lumbares_n sometime_o two_o sometime_o three_o carried_z to_o be_v 'tween_o four_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n all_o these_o vein_n be_v send_v forth_o of_o the_o trunk_n by_o this_o time_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o four_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n where_o it_o go_v to_o behind_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la above_o or_o before_o which_o it_o have_v thus_o far_o descend_v and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a branch_n call_v iliaci_n because_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o os_fw-mi ileon_n etc._n etc._n as_o they_o go_v down_o to_o the_o thigh_n just_o about_o the_o division_n there_o spring_v two_o vein_n call_v muscula_n superior_a for_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la and_o muscle_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o abdomen_fw-la and_o sacra_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o single_a sometime_o double_a for_o the_o marrow_n of_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la afterward_o the_o iliacal_a branch_n be_v again_o divide_v each_o into_o two_o other_o the_o exterior_a that_o be_v great_a and_o the_o interior_a that_o be_v less_o from_o the_o interior_a arise_v two_o vein_n muscula_n media_fw-la for_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hip_n and_o buttock_n and_o hypogastrica_fw-la which_o be_v a_o notable_a one_o sometime_o double_a for_o most_o part_n of_o the_o hypogastrium_n as_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o straight_a gut_n which_o be_v the_o external_a hemorrhoidals_n for_o the_o bladder_n and_o its_o neck_n the_o yard_n and_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o womb_n and_o its_o neck_n which_o last_o be_v the_o vein_n by_o which_o the_o menstrue_n be_v believe_v to_o pass_v before_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v find_v out_o for_o since_o it_o be_v know_v that_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o hypogastrick_n artery_n and_o what_o blood_n be_v not_o send_v forth_o at_o those_o time_n or_o at_o other_o time_n be_v not_o spend_v on_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o part_n return_n by_o these_o vein_n to_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o by_o it_o to_o the_o heart_n from_o the_o exterior_a three_o two_o before_o it_o go_v out_o of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la and_o one_o after_o 1._o epigastrica_fw-la for_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o most_o note_a branch_n of_o it_o ascend_v under_o the_o musculi_fw-la recti_fw-la towards_o the_o venae_fw-la mammariae_fw-la with_o which_o they_o have_v be_v think_v to_o inosculate_v about_o the_o navel_n 2._o pudâ—nda_n for_o the_o genitals_o in_o man_n and_o woman_n this_o go_v transvers_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 3._o muscula_n inferior_a for_o the_o buttock_n and_o now_o the_o descend_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la be_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la into_o the_o thigh_n and_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v crural_a and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v discourse_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o limb_n in_o book_n 4._o cap._n 4._o now_o the_o use_n of_o this_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v not_o to_o carry_v any_o thing_n to_o any_o part_n from_o the_o liver_n use_n but_o wheresoever_o its_o lesser_a twig_n end_v into_o capillary_n from_o thence_o be_v blood_n receive_v be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o respective_a artery_n and_o convey_v into_o the_o great_a branch_n and_o by_o they_o into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la by_o which_o it_o ascend_v to_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o to_o be_v anew_o inspirited_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o be_v send_v forth_o again_o by_o the_o artery_n as_o shall_v be_v further_o explain_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o heart_n for_o though_o the_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi or_o great_a artery_n pass_v down_o the_o abdomen_fw-la along_o with_o that_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o so_o be_v contain_v therein_o as_o well_o as_o it_o yet_o because_o the_o artery_n have_v all_o of_o they_o their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o heart_n we_o will_v forbear_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o anatomy_n of_o it_o in_o the_o next_o book_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o gallbladder_n and_o porus_n bilarius_fw-la for_o the_o receive_n and_o evacuate_v of_o bile_n there_o be_v two_o vessel_n or_o passage_n frame_v in_o the_o right_n and_o hollow_a side_n of_o the_o liver_n namely_o the_o gallbladder_n and_o porus_n bilarius_fw-la by_o this_o latter_a there_o flow_v a_o thick_a but_o mild_a by_o the_o former_a a_o thin_a more_o acrimonious_a and_o fermentative_a choler_n into_o the_o intestin_n the_o gallbladder_n description_n call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o latin_a vesica_fw-la bilaria_fw-la or_o folliculus_n fellis_fw-la be_v a_o hollow_a bag_n place_v in_o the_o hollow_a side_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o in_o figure_n represent_v a_o pear_n it_o be_v about_o two_o inch_n in_o length_n bigness_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n by_o its_o upper_a part_n it_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o liver_n connexion_n which_o do_v afford_v it_o a_o hollowness_n to_o receive_v it_o but_o the_o low_a part_n which_o hang_v without_o the_o liver_n rest_v upon_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o colon_n and_o do_v often_o die_v they_o both_o yellow_a it_o have_v two_o membrane_n membrane_n the_o one_o common_a which_o be_v thin_a and_o exterior_a without_o fibres_n this_o spring_a from_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o liver_n only_o cover_v that_o part_n which_o hang_v without_o the_o liver_n the_o other_o membrane_n be_v proper_a this_o be_v thick_a and_o strong_a membrane_n and_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o fibres_n the_o outermost_a be_v transverse_v the_o middlemost_a oblique_a and_o the_o innermost_a straight_o within_o it_o have_v a_o mucous_a substance_n or_o crust_n engender_v of_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o three_o concoction_n of_o its_o membrane_n to_o withstand_v the_o acrimony_n of_o the_o choler_n it_o have_v two_o part_n it_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o bottom_n the_o neck_n be_v hard_a than_o the_o bottom_n and_o high_a in_o situation_n it_o from_o the_o bottom_n by_o degree_n grow_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a at_o last_o end_v in_o the_o ductus_fw-la communis_fw-la or_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o the_o choler_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o jejunum_n or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o duodenum_fw-la this_o elongation_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vesica_fw-la fellea_n be_v call_v meatus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la because_o it_o spring_v from_o the_o cystis_n the_o choler_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o vesica_fw-la by_o many_o very_a small_a root_n it_o disperse_v in_o the_o liver_n between_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o porta_n and_o cava_fw-la they_o be_v so_o very_o small_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a but_o when_o they_o meet_v together_o they_o make_v one_o pretty_a notable_a trunk_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o cystis_n near_o its_o neck_n with_o a_o valve_n before_o its_o mouth_n to_o hinder_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o choler_n for_o in_o the_o jaundice_n the_o choler_n do_v not_o return_v out_o of_o the_o gallbladder_n into_o the_o blood_n again_o but_o either_o for_o want_v of_o a_o convenient_a ferment_n it_o be_v not_o separate_v from_o the_o blood_n or_o
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though_o at_o their_o rise_n they_o turn_v one_o on_o one_o side_n and_o tother_o on_o the_o other_o of_o the_o heart_n yet_o at_o their_o end_n they_o meet_v again_o and_o inosculate_v one_o with_o the_o other_o so_o that_o if_o one_o inject_v any_o liquor_n into_o one_o it_o will_v run_v into_o the_o other_o it_o have_v also_o two_o vein_n call_v coronariae_fw-la which_o encompass_v its_o basis_n in_o like_a manner_n vein_n and_o communicate_v one_o with_o the_o other_o these_o receive_v and_o carry_v back_o the_o arterial_a blood_n that_o remain_v from_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o refund_v it_o into_o the_o cava_fw-la nerve_n it_o have_v from_o the_o six_o pair_n dr._n willis_n eighth_z which_o pass_v between_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonalis_fw-la and_o the_o aorta_n do_v send_v forth_o divers_a twig_n on_o each_o side_n into_o the_o auriculae_fw-la nerve_n and_o then_o be_v branch_v out_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n dr._n lower_n say_v they_o be_v 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this_o kind_n of_o flux_n continue_v a_o day_n or_o two_o the_o heart_n the_o mean_a while_n retain_v its_o pulsation_n till_o at_o length_n be_v stop_v the_o youth_n be_v restore_v by_o degree_n to_o entire_a health_n and_o grow_v to_o a_o robu_v and_o lusty_a fellow_n this_o experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o say_v do_v make_v it_o apparent_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o ebullition_n or_o accension_n of_o the_o blood_n for_o then_o when_o in_o the_o first_o the_o beer_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o second_o the_o broth_n flow_v into_o its_o ventricles_n instead_o of_o blood_n its_o motion_n must_v either_o have_v be_v more_o notable_o alter_v or_o rather_o have_v quite_o cease_v these_o liquor_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o blood_n especial_o the_o broth._n and_o last_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o cause_v partly_o by_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ebullition_n or_o accension_n of_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o the_o argument_n produce_v against_o each_o opinion_n apart_o and_o yet_o if_o a_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v this_o seem_v the_o most_o probable_a namely_o that_o the_o blood_n destil_v into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o they_o accend_v and_o rarefy_a and_o want_v more_o room_n expand_n or_o bear_v against_o their_o side_n and_o then_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v molest_v by_o that_o expansion_n call_v in_o the_o animal_n spirit_n for_o help_n which_o come_v in_o in_o convenient_a plenty_n contract_v the_o muscular_a fibres_fw-fr that_o make_v up_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o by_o straighten_v its_o ventricles_n drive_v forth_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o into_o the_o artery_n but_o we_o have_v rather_o ingenuous_o confess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o so_o admirable_a a_o action_n and_o profess_v with_o dr._n low_o that_o it_o be_v too_o hard_a for_o man_n to_o conceive_v of_o and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o god_n only_o who_o search_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o motion_n also_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o pulse_n and_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pulse_n in_o latin_a pulsus_fw-la pulse_n or_o beat_n and_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o diastole_n or_o dilatation_n in_o which_o it_o receive_v blood_n into_o its_o ventricles_n and_o systole_n or_o contraction_n by_o which_o it_o expel_v it_o contraction_n be_v the_o proper_a motion_n of_o a_o muscle_n diastole_n the_o systole_n be_v the_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o diastole_n be_v but_o a_o cease_n or_o restitution_n from_o that_o motion_n for_o in_o the_o diastole_n the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v relax_v so_o that_o the_o blood_n destill_v down_o into_o its_o ventricles_n out_o of_o the_o vein_n whereby_o when_o they_o be_v fill_v and_o in_o some_o measure_n distend_v the_o fibre_n both_o straight_o and_o oblique_a begin_v to_o contract_v themselves_o and_o compress_v or_o straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o also_o draw_v up_o the_o cone_n near_o its_o basis_n whereby_o the_o heart_n become_v round_a and_o hard_a and_o the_o blood_n be_v expel_v with_o force_n out_o of_o the_o ventricles_n into_o the_o artery_n which_o motion_n be_v call_v the_o systole_n but_o why_o the_o heart_n shall_v keep_v such_o state_v turn_n of_o systole_n and_o diastole_n and_o continue_v they_o for_o may_v be_v fourscore_o year_n together_o that_o as_o we_o say_v above_o we_o can_v conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o but_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n and_o power_n of_o the_o creator_n in_o beginning_n and_o continue_v such_o a_o motion_n blood_n now_o see_v by_o this_o continual_a
reciprocation_n of_o the_o pulse_n there_o be_v a_o constant_a expulsion_n of_o blood_n from_o the_o heart_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o continual_a influx_n of_o blood_n into_o the_o heart_n out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o see_v the_o cava_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o supply_n be_v be_v never_o draw_v dry_a and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n see_v the_o artery_n that_o receive_v the_o blood_n continual_o from_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o undue_o swell_v with_o it_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o this_o motion_n proceed_v circular_o viz._n that_o the_o blood_n be_v continual_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n out_o of_o these_o into_o the_o vein_n and_o part_n to_o be_v nourish_v then_o from_o the_o lesser_a vein_n return_v to_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o so_o at_o length_n to_o the_o heart_n again_o the_o invention_n of_o which_o circulation_n be_v owe_v to_o our_o countryman_n dr._n harvey_n and_o may_v be_v prove_v invincible_o by_o these_o reason_n 1._o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n that_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n at_o every_o pulse_n for_o though_o the_o ancient_n who_o know_v not_o this_o circulation_n imagine_v that_o only_a a_o drop_n or_o two_o be_v expel_v by_o every_o systole_n which_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o suppose_v to_o avoid_v the_o great_a distension_n that_o the_o artery_n must_v be_v liable_a to_o if_o any_o considerable_a quantity_n issue_v into_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o demonstrable_a that_o there_o must_v needs_o a_o ounce_n or_o more_o be_v drive_v into_o they_o each_o time_n for_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n for_o any_o liquor_n to_o pass_v from_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o kidney_n but_o through_o the_o heart_n along_o with_o the_o blood_n see_v if_o some_o man_n at_o some_o time_n drink_v three_o pint_n of_o drink_n they_o shall_v piss_v it_o out_o again_o in_o half_a a_o hour_n yea_o more_fw-it of_o tunbridge_n water_n in_o that_o space_n and_o see_v second_o that_o there_o be_v common_o as_o much_o blood_n as_o serum_n that_o flow_v to_o the_o kidney_n the_o blood_n return_v back_o by_o the_o emulgent_a vein_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o by_o the_o two_o emulgent_n which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o large_a artery_n there_o must_v pass_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n six_o pound_n of_o liquor_n all_o which_o must_v come_v from_o the_o heart_n and_o how_o much_o more_o than_o may_v we_o conceive_v to_o be_v drive_v through_o all_o the_o other_o artery_n that_o run_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n this_o be_v more_o accurate_o evince_v by_o dr._n lower_n experiment_n which_o be_v this_o i_o cut_v asunder_o say_v he_o both_o cervical_a artery_n in_o a_o large_a dog_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n through_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o the_o left_a side_n of_o his_o breast_n over_o against_o the_o heart_n i_o compress_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi below_o the_o heart_n with_o my_o finger_n to_o hinder_v any_o blood_n from_o descend_v by_o it_o and_o last_o i_o take_v care_n also_o to_o straiten_v the_o brachial_a artery_n under_o the_o axillae_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v almost_o all_o the_o blood_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n through_o the_o cervicals_n beside_o that_o which_o be_v send_v into_o the_o vertebral_n and_o which_o be_v wonderful_a to_o be_v relate_v within_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o whole_a mass_n issue_v out_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o all_o past_a through_o the_o heart_n in_o that_o space_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v that_o amid_o such_o wound_n and_o torture_n the_o heart_n do_v beat_v somewhat_o quick_a in_o such_o a_o case_n than_o at_o other_o time_n yet_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v partly_o evident_a from_o wound_n in_o the_o limb_n when_o some_o notable_a artery_n be_v cut_v asunder_o for_o it_o be_v strange_a in_o how_o small_a a_o time_n a_o man_n will_v bleed_v to_o death_n even_o at_o that_o one_o artery_n yea_o we_o may_v give_v a_o great_a guess_n how_o much_o blood_n be_v send_v out_o at_o every_o pulse_n even_o from_o the_o ordinary_a open_n of_o one_o vein_n in_o the_o arm_n from_o whence_o a_o notable_a quantity_n of_o blood_n will_v issue_v in_o a_o short_a time_n how_o much_o than_o may_v we_o suppose_v will_v flow_v out_o of_o all_o the_o vein_n if_o they_o be_v open_v at_o one_o time_n see_v then_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o blood_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n at_o every_o systole_n and_o that_o for_o all_o that_o the_o artery_n be_v not_o undue_o distend_v nor_o any_o part_n swell_v by_o it_o neither_o yet_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o other_o vein_n empty_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v drive_v into_o the_o artery_n flow_v back_o to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o vein_n in_o a_o constant_a circulation_n 2._o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v it_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o valve_n in_o the_o vein_n which_o be_v so_o frame_v that_o blood_n may_v free_o flow_v through_o they_o out_o of_o the_o lesser_a vein_n into_o the_o great_a and_o so_o into_o the_o cava_fw-la but_o not_o on_o the_o contrary_a out_o of_o the_o great_a into_o the_o less_o yea_o if_o one_o blow_n into_o the_o cava_fw-la through_o a_o pipe_n there_o will_v no_o wind_n pass_v into_o the_o small_a vein_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o you_o blow_v up_o the_o lesser_a vein_n the_o wind_n will_v ready_o pass_v to_o the_o large_a and_o so_o to_o the_o cava_fw-la 3._o and_o last_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v most_o clear_a by_o the_o ligature_n in_o blood-letting_n for_o whether_o you_o let_v blood_n in_o the_o arm_n or_o foot_n you_o always_o tie_v the_o fillet_n above_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o make_v the_o orifice_n and_o then_o the_o vein_n below_o the_o ligature_n will_v present_o fill_v and_o grow_v tumid_a but_o above_o it_o will_v fall_v and_o almost_o disappear_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v from_o hence_o for_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v drive_v along_o the_o artery_n towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n return_n by_o the_o vein_n and_o ascend_v upward_o which_o come_v to_o the_o ligature_n and_o be_v stop_v there_o swell_v the_o vein_n below_o the_o ligature_n and_o spurt_v out_o assoon_o as_o the_o orifice_n be_v make_v but_o when_o the_o fillet_n be_v loose_v again_o the_o blood_n flow_v no_o long_o out_o thereat_o but_o hold_v on_o its_o wont_a channel_n the_o vein_n and_o the_o orifice_n close_v up_o again_o have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n we_o will_v show_v two_o thing_n further_o first_o how_o the_o blood_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n and_o second_o in_o how_o long_o a_o time_n the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o heart_n in_o its_o ordinary_a circulation_n as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o riolanus_n that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v only_o through_o the_o large_a vessel_n by_o anastomosis_n or_o inosculation_n of_o the_o vein_n with_o the_o artery_n and_o that_o that_o which_o run_v into_o the_o small_a be_v all_o spend_v on_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o part_n but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o circulation_n even_o in_o the_o small_a from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n that_o will_v flow_v out_o of_o the_o least_o artery_n in_o the_o hand_n or_o foot_n when_o it_o be_v cut_v which_o it_o be_v very_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v to_o be_v all_o spend_v on_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o respective_a part_n now_o there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n whereby_o the_o blood_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n viz._n either_o by_o the_o former_a open_n into_o the_o latter_a by_o inosculation_n or_o else_o by_o the_o capillary_a artery_n let_v out_o their_o blood_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o part_n on_o who_o nutrition_n part_n be_v spend_v and_o the_o remainder_n imbibe_v by_o the_o gape_a mouth_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n and_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o admit_v both_o these_o way_n this_o latter_a because_o if_o part_n of_o the_o arterial_a blood_n do_v not_o issue_n into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o part_n they_o can_v not_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o for_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o vessel_n it_o may_v add_v warmth_n indeed_o to_o the_o part_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v but_o can_v nourish_v they_o see_v even_o the_o vessel_n themselves_o be_v not_o nourish_v by_o that_o stream_n of_o blood_n that_o glide_v along_o their_o cavity_n but_o by_o capillary_n run_v through_o their_o coat_n and_o if_o the_o blood_n be_v drive_v into_o the_o
by_z and_o both_o of_o they_o discharge_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o by_o one_o mouth_n into_o the_o say_a ventricle_n as_o they_o be_v go_v to_o join_v there_o come_v a_o tubercle_fw-la or_o protuberance_n betwixt_o they_o that_o hinder_v the_o one_o from_o open_v into_o the_o other_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n but_o make_v they_o both_o go_v oblique_o towards_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o they_o enter_v the_o auricula_fw-la without_o which_o provision_n that_o blood_n that_o be_v a_o descend_v from_o the_o claviculae_fw-la will_v have_v fall_v so_o full_a on_o that_o which_o be_v ascend_v by_o this_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la we_o have_v be_v a_o describe_v as_o must_v have_v make_v it_o either_o to_o stagnate_n if_o not_o regurgitate_v or_o however_o will_v have_v retard_v its_o motion_n now_o immediate_o below_o this_o protuberance_n out_o of_o the_o unite_a trunk_n there_o go_v a_o passage_n along_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la in_o foetus_n in_o the_o womb_n which_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v close_v up_o and_o become_v obliterate_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o they_o be_v because_o their_o lung_n have_v either_o none_o or_o but_o a_o very_a obscure_a and_o imperfect_a motion_n the_o blood_n do_v but_o little_a of_o it_o pass_v through_o they_o but_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o through_o this_o foramen_fw-la out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la just_a as_o it_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n into_o which_o this_o blood_n be_v discharge_v together_o with_o that_o little_a that_o be_v return_v by_o the_o say_v vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la from_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o though_o there_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o blood_n at_o every_o pulse_n into_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonalis_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v but_o a_o little_a of_o it_o that_o go_v to_o the_o lung_n though_o all_o do_v in_o adult_n person_n that_o it_o may_v be_v there_o impregnate_v with_o air_n but_o the_o great_a part_n by_o a_o pipe_n call_v canalis_fw-la arteriosus_fw-la run_v into_o the_o aorta_n which_o pipe_n do_v degenerate_a into_o a_o ligament_n after_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v bear_v so_o that_o the_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o womb_n live_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o fish_n or_o other_o creature_n that_o have_v no_o lung_n and_o but_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o there_o be_v but_o very_o little_a of_o its_o blood_n that_o pass_v any_o more_o than_o one_o of_o its_o ventricles_n in_o one_o circulation_n that_o which_o circulate_v through_o one_o miss_v the_o other_o but_o to_o return_v the_o unite_a trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la open_v by_o one_o large_a orifice_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o which_o be_v pour_v all_o the_o blood_n that_o return_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n except_o the_o lung_n in_o its_o circulation_n and_o lest_o in_o the_o systole_n or_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o blood_n shall_v be_v expel_v the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o come_v in_o by_o at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la there_o grow_v a_o membranous_a circle_n which_o be_v cleave_v into_o three_o membranous_a valve_n look_v inward_o call_v tricuspide_n or_o three-pointed_n which_o permit_v the_o blood_n to_o come_v in_o but_o not_o to_o go_v out_o and_o this_o office_n these_o valve_n perform_v in_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v most_o ingenious_o describe_v by_o dr._n lower_n out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n there_o grow_v certain_a papillae_fw-la or_o round_a and_o long_a caruncle_n call_v before_o fleshy_a column_n from_o who_o top_n there_o proceed_v certain_a tendinous_a fibres_n that_o be_v knit_v to_o these_o membranous_a valve_n now_o these_o membrane_n encompass_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la round_o about_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o mucro_n or_o tip_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o every_o systole_n draw_v up_o towards_o the_o basis_n the_o papillae_fw-la be_v also_o move_v upward_o do_v slacken_v their_o fibre_n like_o bridle-rein_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o membrane_n or_o valve_n also_o to_o which_o they_o be_v tie_v hang_v loose_a be_v drive_v upward_o like_o sail_n fill_v with_o wind_n by_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v squeeze_v in_o every_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o thereby_o they_o shut_v this_o inlet_n into_o the_o heart_n so_o close_o that_o not_o a_o drop_n of_o liquor_n can_v flow_v back_o again_o into_o the_o auricula_fw-la or_o cava_fw-la but_o be_v expel_v all_o into_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonalis_fw-la that_o be_v now_o open_a but_o as_o in_o every_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n its_o tip_n be_v bring_v near_o its_o basis_n the_o papillae_fw-la do_v much_o relax_v their_o fibre_n so_o in_o the_o diastole_n the_o tip_n recede_v from_o the_o basis_n again_o do_v also_o draw_v down_o the_o papillae_fw-la and_o their_o fibre_n with_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o membrane_n or_o valve_n be_v also_o draw_v down_o do_v present_o unshut_a this_o orifice_n and_o open_v the_o door_n as_o it_o be_v for_o more_o blood_n to_o come_v in_o what_o come_v in_o before_o be_v expel_v in_o the_o last_o systole_n the_o unite_a trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la discharge_v themselves_o thus_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n that_o which_o ascend_v towards_o the_o claviculae_fw-la for_o so_o we_o must_v consider_v it_o for_o order_n sake_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o descend_v from_o thence_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o pericardium_n send_v forth_o a_o notable_a branch_n call_v vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v but_o one_o have_v no_o fellow_n it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la pari_fw-la but_o more_o towards_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o descends_z through_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n after_o its_o beginning_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o four_o and_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o breast_n it_o bend_v a_o little_a forward_o towards_o the_o right_a hand_n till_o it_o be_v descend_v as_o far_o as_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o vertebra_n where_o it_o begin_v just_a to_o keep_v the_o middle_n it_o send_v forth_o on_o each_o side_n intercostal_n branch_n to_o the_o interstice_n of_o the_o eight_o low_a rib_n and_o at_o the_o eight_o rib_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n one_o whereof_o be_v the_o large_a descend_v towards_o the_o left_a hand_n betwixt_o the_o process_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n and_o be_v insert_v sometime_o into_o the_o cava_fw-la above_n or_o below_o the_o emulgent_a but_o often_o into_o the_o emulgent_a itself_o the_o other_o be_v the_o right_n be_v join_v also_o to_o the_o cava_fw-la common_o a_o little_a above_o the_o emulgent_a but_o seldom_o into_o the_o emulgent_a itself_o it_o be_v former_o hold_v before_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v find_v out_o that_o in_o a_o empyema_n of_o the_o thorax_n the_o matter_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o vein_n and_o carry_v direct_o to_o the_o emulgent_a vein_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v with_o the_o serum_n by_o the_o kidney_n but_o see_v the_o blood_n do_v indeed_o ascend_v from_o the_o emulgent_n by_o this_o vein_n and_o that_o at_o its_o insertion_n into_o they_o there_o be_v common_o a_o valve_n that_o hinder_v any_o thing_n from_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la into_o the_o emulgent_a but_o permit_v the_o contrary_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o this_o vein_n be_v at_o any_o time_n a_o instrument_n to_o evacuate_v such_o pus_fw-la it_o must_v first_o ascend_v to_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o pass_v through_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o kidney_n by_o the_o aorta_fw-mi and_o the_o emulgent_a artery_n arise_v out_o of_o it_o but_o though_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o vein_n shall_v open_v so_o wide_a into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n as_o to_o imbibe_n slimy_a roapy_a pus_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o let_v forth_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v more_o fluid_a so_o that_o one_o will_v hardly_o assign_v this_o office_n to_o it_o yet_o when_o the_o pus_fw-la be_v collect_v betwixt_o the_o pleura_fw-la and_o intercostal_n muscle_n and_o the_o tumour_n do_v not_o burst_v i_o see_v not_o why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o intercostal_n branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la do_v imbibe_n the_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o tumour_n and_o carry_v it_o that_o way_n which_o be_v just_a now_o speak_v of_o and_o if_o ever_o pus_fw-la be_fw-mi imbibe_v out_o of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n because_o it_o float_v upon_o the_o diaphragm_n the_o venae_fw-la phrenicae_fw-la
be_v like_a to_o do_v it_o than_o this_o as_o be_v note_v before_o in_o this_o chapter_n when_o we_o describe_v those_o vein_n of_o this_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o at_o its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la it_o have_v a_o valve_n that_o open_v towards_o the_o cava_fw-la which_o have_v send_v forth_o this_o vein_n ascend_v on_o towards_o the_o claviculae_fw-la strengthen_v and_o sustain_v by_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la and_o thymus_n and_o before_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o two_o rami_n subclavii_fw-la sometime_o after_o send_v out_o yet_o two_o other_o small_a vein_n call_v the_o superior_a intercostal_n superiores_fw-la on_o each_o side_n one_o each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o valve_n where_o it_o join_v to_o the_o cava_fw-la permit_v the_o influx_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o it_o but_o hinder_v its_o relapse_n these_o run_v along_o the_o interstice_n or_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o or_o four_o uppermost_a rib_n yet_o sometime_o the_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la send_v twig_n to_o these_o four_o interstice_n of_o the_o rib_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o eight_o low_a and_o then_o these_o superior_a intercostal_n be_v want_v afterward_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o two_o large_a vein_n subclaviae_fw-la one_o of_o which_o go_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a these_o while_n they_o be_v within_o the_o breast_n be_v call_v venae_fw-la subclaviae_fw-la run_v along_o the_o channel-bone_n but_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v go_v out_o of_o it_o axillares_n they_o send_v forth_o several_a branch_n both_o upward_o and_o downward_o sometime_o the_o superior_a intercostal_n just_a now_o mention_v though_o seldom_o arise_v out_o of_o they_o next_o the_o mammariae_fw-la discend_fw-la from_o they_o they_o though_o these_o sometime_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la so_o uncertain_a be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o some_o of_o these_o vein_n mammariae_fw-la these_o send_v forth_o double_a branch_n internal_a and_o external_n the_o internal_a run_v to_o the_o gristly_a end_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o their_o intercostal_n space_n and_o some_o of_o their_o twig_n also_o be_v terminate_v in_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o mammae_fw-la the_o external_a pass_v down_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o send_v many_o twig_n into_o the_o say_a gland_n and_o march_v further_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cartilago_n ensiformis_fw-la descend_v out_o of_o the_o thorax_n continue_v their_o course_n down_o the_o abdomen_fw-la under_o the_o straight_a muscle_n thereof_o till_o about_o the_o navel_n where_o it_o have_v be_v a_o old_a tradition_n that_o they_o inosculate_v with_o the_o venae_fw-la epigastricae_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n as_o have_v be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o already_o bartholin_n say_v that_o sometime_o there_o be_v but_o one_o mammaria_fw-la the_o second_o vein_n that_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o subclavian_n be_v the_o mediastina_fw-la mediastina_fw-la this_o send_v twig_n to_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la from_o which_o it_o have_v its_o name_n to_o the_o pericardium_n and_o to_o the_o gland_n call_v thymus_n this_o also_o sometime_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la the_o three_o be_v cervicalis_fw-la or_o vertebralis_fw-la cervicalis_fw-la this_o turn_v backward_o towards_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n into_o who_o lateral_a hole_n it_o enter_v by_o some_o small_a twig_n which_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o the_o membrane_n that_o invest_v the_o marrow_n contain_v in_o these_o vertebra_n and_o other_o twig_n it_o bestow_v upon_o the_o muscle_n that_o lie_v next_o upon_o the_o vertebra_n the_o four_o be_v muscula_n inferior_a inferior_a this_o be_v spend_v upon_o the_o low_a muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o upper_a of_o the_o thorax_n it_o rise_v sometime_o from_o the_o external_a jugular_a all_o these_o spring_n from_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n but_o these_o that_o follow_v from_o the_o upper_a as_o the_o muscula_n superior_a superior_a which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n then_o the_o jugular_n jugulares_fw-la which_o be_v double_a external_n and_o internal_a as_o they_o go_v out_o of_o the_o subclavians_n there_o be_v place_v sometime_o one_o thin_a valve_n sometime_o two_o to_o hinder_v the_o return_n of_o the_o blood_n out_o of_o these_o into_o they_o the_o external_n ascend_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o these_o be_v they_o which_o be_v open_v when_o any_o one_o be_v let_v blood_n in_o the_o neck_n for_o any_o distemper_n of_o the_o head_n or_o quinzy_n etc._n etc._n they_o ascend_v but_o just_a under_o the_o skin_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n chap_n head_n and_o face_n they_o make_v the_o temple-vein_n and_o the_o forehead-vein_n both_o which_o be_v wont_n sometime_o to_o be_v open_v yea_o they_o send_v small_a capillary_n through_o the_o suture_n of_o the_o skull_n into_o the_o membrane_n that_o cover_v the_o brain_n the_o internal_a in_o man_n be_v large_a than_o the_o external_n they_o ascend_v from_o the_o subclavian_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o windpipe_n on_o which_o they_o bestow_v small_a twig_n assoon_o as_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o skull_n they_o be_v each_o divide_v into_o two_o the_o great_a and_o less_o the_o great_a be_v carry_v backward_o and_o by_o that_o hole_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la by_o which_o the_o six_o pair_n of_o nerve_n dr._n willis_n eighth_z come_v out_o of_o the_o head_n they_o enter_v in_o and_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o less_o enter_v in_o by_o the_o hole_n make_v for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o pair_n of_o nerve_n and_o be_v also_o bestow_v on_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n have_v send_v forth_o all_o these_o branch_n they_o then_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o thorax_n and_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v axillar_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v treat_v in_o the_o four_o book_n chap._n 1._o into_o the_o vena_fw-la subclavia_fw-la be_v insert_v also_o the_o ductus_fw-la chyliferus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la of_o which_o in_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n 10._o and_o lymphaticus_fw-la ramus_fw-la which_o return_v the_o lympha_fw-la from_o the_o arm_n neck_n etc._n etc._n but_o sometime_o this_o open_v into_o the_o jugular_a chap._n x._o of_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la and_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la the_o second_o vessel_n in_o the_o breast_n be_v call_v arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la otherwise_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la it_o be_v a_o artery_n from_o its_o office_n for_o it_o carry_v blood_n out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o lung_n it_o be_v coat_n be_v double_a also_o like_o that_o of_o other_o artery_n as_o it_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n valve_n there_o stand_v at_o its_o orifice_n three_o membranous_a valve_n look_v outward_o call_v semilunare_n because_o they_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o half_a circle_n as_o also_o sigmoide_v or_o sigmoideae_n from_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o greek_a letter_n sigma_fw-la which_o of_o old_a be_v of_o the_o same_o figure_n with_o a_o english_a capital_a c._n in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n they_o open_v and_o permit_v the_o blood_n to_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ventricle_n into_o this_o artery_n but_o in_o the_o diastole_n they_o shut_v so_o that_o none_o can_v return_v back_o again_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o pericardium_n lung_n it_o bend_v towards_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la or_o windpipe_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o right_n and_o left_a branch_n which_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o like_a branch_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la do_v every_o where_o accompany_v they_o on_o the_o under_o side_n and_o as_o they_o run_v along_o send_v out_o very_a many_o twig_n on_o every_o side_n which_o present_o associate_v with_o those_o of_o the_o windpipe_n and_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la and_o where_o the_o small_a pipe_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la end_n into_o the_o little_a round_a cell_n which_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o twig_n of_o this_o artery_n be_v complicate_v with_o those_o of_o the_o vein_n do_v embrace_v they_o like_o a_o net_n whence_o one_o may_v guess_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o sanguiferous_a vessel_n do_v so_o exact_o accompany_v all_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o windpipe_n and_o it_o be_v annex_v little_a bladder_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n pass_v this_o way_n may_v be_v inspire_v or_o impregnate_v with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitrous_a air._n for_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a spend_v on_o the_o nutrition_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v drive_v into_o the_o small_a twig_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la which_o
i._n represent_v the_o sternum_n cut_v off_o and_o lift_v up_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la thymus_n lung_n diaphragm_n etc._n etc._n aaa_o the_o inner_a superficies_n of_o the_o sternum_n and_o of_o the_o cartilage_n knit_v to_o it_o tab._n x_o pag._n 290_o fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o bb_n the_o mammary_n vein_n and_o artery_n descend_v under_o the_o sternum_fw-la c_o the_o glandulous_a body_n call_v thymus_n dddd_v the_o side_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la pull_v asunder_o from_o the_o sternum_fw-la i_fw-mi the_o space_n between_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o tear_n of_o it_o from_o the_o sternum_fw-la gg_n the_o lung_n hh_o the_o diaphragm_n i_o the_o cartilago_n ensiformis_fw-la figure_n ii_o represent_v the_o diaphragm_n with_o its_o process_n a_o the_o left_a nerve_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n b_o the_o right_a c_o the_o upper_a membrane_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n a_o little_a separate_v d_o the_o carnous_a substance_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n bare_v e_o a_o hole_n for_o the_o gullet_n to_o descend_v by_o f_o a_o hole_n for_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la ggg_n the_o membranous_a part_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n hhh_o its_o process_n or_o appendix_n betwixt_o which_o the_o great_a artery_n descend_v figure_n iii_o represent_v a_o piece_n of_o one_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n according_a to_o the_o ramification_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la divide_v into_o many_o lesser_a lobule_n from_o dr._n willis_n a_o the_o muscular_a villi_fw-la or_o fibres_n run_v straight_o lengthway_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la upon_o which_o other_o circular_a one_o lie_v bbb_n a_o part_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o trachea_n as_o also_o its_o branch_n that_o make_v the_o lesser_a lobule_n uncut_a open_a that_o their_o annular_a cartilage_n may_v be_v see_v cccc_o the_o secondary_a lobule_n hang_v upon_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o bronchia_fw-la like_o grape_n which_o may_v yet_o be_v divide_v into_o lesser_a lobule_n all_o who_o inner_a duct_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o bronchia_fw-la into_o the_o air-bladder_n or_o vesiculary_a cell_n dddd_v the_o sanguiferous_a vessel_n creep_v along_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o lobule_n chap._n xiii_o of_o respiration_n the_o action_n for_o which_o the_o lung_n be_v appoint_v by_o nature_n be_v respiration_n which_o be_v a_o alternative_a diastole_n and_o systole_n or_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n of_o the_o breast_n whereby_o the_o air_n be_v receive_v in_o and_o drive_v forth_o of_o the_o lung_n now_o the_o lung_n do_v not_o dilate_v themselves_o by_o any_o proper_a power_n or_o faculty_n of_o their_o own_o perform_v be_v destitute_a of_o instrument_n to_o perform_v such_o a_o action_n nor_o do_v they_o attract_v the_o air_n by_o any_o magnetic_a property_n in_o inspiration_n but_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o though_o contraction_n be_v the_o only_a and_o proper_a action_n of_o a_o muscle_n yet_o the_o thorax_n be_v dilate_v by_o certain_a of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v contract_v by_o other_o whilst_o it_o be_v dilate_v there_o be_v great_a space_n give_v for_o expand_v the_o lung_n and_o then_o the_o air_n by_o its_o proper_a elastic_a virtue_n do_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n issue_n in_o at_o the_o trachea_n and_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o all_o its_o bronchia_fw-la and_o into_o the_o vesiculae_fw-la and_o puff_v they_o all_o up_o namely_o to_o the_o end_n that_o its_o nitrous_a particle_n may_v every_o where_o meet_v with_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o glide_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o when_o the_o breast_n recede_v from_o that_o dilatation_n be_v contract_v the_o lung_n be_v partly_o compress_v thereby_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o muscular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o vesiculae_fw-la and_o of_o the_o inner_a coat_n of_o the_o trachea_n and_o bronchia_fw-la expel_v the_o air_n out_o again_o the_o muscle_n that_o assist_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o breast_n respiration_n be_v those_o that_o lift_v up_o the_o rib_n and_o draw_v they_o backward_o which_o shall_v be_v describe_v book_n 4._o chap._n 15._o and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o internal_a muscle_n namely_o the_o midriff_n that_o contribute_v towards_o it_o as_o be_v show_v chap._n 3._o of_o this_o book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o straighten_n or_o concidence_n of_o the_o thorax_n that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o motion_n of_o restitution_n or_o a_o cessation_n of_o the_o foresay_a muscle_n from_o their_o action_n as_o evident_a see_v sometime_o expiration_n be_v perform_v more_o laborious_o and_o violent_o than_o inspiration_n as_o in_o cough_v holloo_v or_o the_o like_a and_o therefore_o nature_n have_v provide_v peculiar_a and_o proper_a muscle_n for_o that_o purpose_n describe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o book_n and_o these_o be_v assist_v partly_o by_o some_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o partly_o by_o the_o muscular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o vesiculae_fw-la trachea_n and_o bronchia_fw-la as_o abovesaid_a there_o have_v be_v great_a controversy_n among_o philosopher_n whether_o respiration_n be_v a_o animal_n or_o natural_a motion_n be_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a be_v think_v to_o be_v prove_v both_o in_o that_o it_o be_v perform_v as_o well_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a as_o awake_v and_o also_o that_o though_o it_o be_v continue_v through_o a_o man_n whole_a life_n yet_o we_o be_v never_o weary_v with_o it_o as_o we_o be_v with_o animal_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n some_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v animal_n first_o because_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o such_o instrument_n as_o serve_v for_o animal_n motion_n namely_o muscle_n and_o second_o because_o at_o our_o pleasure_n we_o can_v make_v it_o quick_a or_o slow_a strong_a or_o weak_a or_o alter_v it_o how_o we_o please_v other_o think_v the_o argument_n on_o either_o side_n convince_a take_v both_o in_o and_o suppose_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o mix_a action_n partly_o natural_a and_o partly_o spontaneous_a but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n from_o the_o argument_n allege_v to_o grant_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a or_o any_o more_o than_o animal_n or_o spontaneous_a for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o argument_n that_o the_o motion_n be_v as_o well_o perform_v when_o we_o sleep_v as_o when_o we_o be_v awake_a and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v voluntary_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v of_o force_n we_o must_v also_o grant_v walk_v and_o talk_v to_o be_v natural_a motion_n because_o many_o perform_v they_o both_o when_o they_o be_v asleep_a and_o as_o to_o the_o second_o from_o our_o not_o be_v weary_v by_o it_o in_o answer_n to_o it_o we_o may_v distinguish_v of_o animal_n action_n into_o such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n and_o be_v free_a and_o into_o such_o as_o serve_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n the_o former_a proceed_v always_o and_o without_o impediment_n even_o when_o we_o think_v not_o thereon_o but_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v direct_v and_o moderate_v when_o we_o do_v think_v of_o they_o and_o such_o be_v respiration_n the_o latter_a be_v not_o perform_v continual_o as_o to_o run_v leap_z write_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o former_a there_o be_v a_o plentiful_a and_o continual_a influx_n of_o animal_n spirit_n into_o the_o muscle_n of_o custom_n or_o course_n whence_o there_o follow_v no_o weariness_n though_o they_o be_v continual_a in_o the_o latter_a see_v by_o the_o determination_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o spirit_n now_o flow_v in_o and_o anon_o cease_v sometime_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o sometime_o in_o less_o from_o this_o mutation_n and_o unaccustomedness_n do_v the_o weariness_n proceed_v respiration_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o the_o continuance_n of_o life_n it_o that_o after_o once_o the_o foetus_fw-la come_v into_o the_o open_a air_n and_o begin_v to_o breath_n it_o can_v hardly_o live_v two_o minute_n without_o it_o but_o upon_o what_o account_v it_o become_v so_o necessary_a be_v not_o agree_v among_o learned_a man_n each_o party_n exhibit_v such_o reason_n of_o it_o as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o their_o hypothesis_n hence_o some_o and_o those_o the_o most_o think_v that_o respiration_n serve_v for_o the_o cool_a and_o ventilate_v of_o the_o blood_n that_o acquire_v a_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o also_o for_o the_o carry_v out_o fuliginous_a stream_n therefrom_o other_o that_o it_o serve_v for_o the_o better_a mixture_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n as_o also_o to_o further_o its_o circulation_n other_o that_o the_o air_n be_v inspire_v for_o the_o great_a subtilization_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o enkindle_n of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n or_o to_o continue_v the_o metaphor_n vital_a flame_n more_o opinion_n there_o be_v but_o this_o last_o be_v if_o not_o the_o true_a
dr._n willis_n call_v these_o fibres_n canales_n or_o striae_fw-la whence_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v striatum_fw-la for_o nutrition_n and_o confection_n of_o animal_n spirit_n it_o receive_v blood_n by_o artery_n derive_v from_o the_o carotide_n and_o cervical_a vessel_n who_o capillary_n be_v disperse_v through_o its_o substance_n and_o what_o be_v superfluous_a to_o the_o say_a use_n be_v partly_o imbibe_v by_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o meninge_n and_o partly_o deposit_v in_o the_o sinus_n by_o the_o artery_n themselves_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o internal_a branch_n of_o the_o jugular_n and_o thereby_o to_o the_o heart_n the_o artery_n inosculate_v one_o with_o another_o i._o e._n the_o right_a carotides_n with_o the_o left_a as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o vein_n and_o it_o be_v from_o the_o pulse_n of_o the_o artery_n altogether_o that_o the_o beat_n or_o systole_n and_o diastole_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o brain_n proceed_v a_o man_n of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n have_v the_o big_a brain_n bigness_n for_o it_o weigh_v four_o or_o five_o pound_n in_o some_o and_o be_v as_o big_a again_o as_o a_o ox_n brain_n the_o outer_a surface_n be_v full_a of_o wind_n figure_n like_o those_o of_o the_o gut_n which_o be_v several_o invest_v with_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la as_o also_o tie_v together_o by_o it_o the_o whole_a brain_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o head_n viz._n roundish_n but_o with_o bunching_n out_o towards_o the_o forehead_n of_o its_o action_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n proper_o so_o call_v viz._n cortex_fw-la corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la septum_fw-la lucidum_fw-la fornix_n three_o sinus_n infundibulum_fw-la glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la plexus_fw-la choroide_v rete_fw-la mirabile_fw-la nates_n testes_fw-la anus_fw-la and_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la the_o brain_n take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n have_v three_o part_n cerebrum_fw-la that_o which_o proper_o be_v call_v the_o brain_n the_o cerebellum_fw-la or_o little_a brain_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o spinalis_fw-la medulla_n which_o be_v within_o the_o skull_n now_o there_o be_v several_a method_n of_o dissect_v the_o brain_n some_o begin_n behind_o as_o dr._n willis_n some_o on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o silvius_n and_o some_o at_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v the_o old_a way_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v follow_v begin_v with_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la proper_o so_o call_v which_o lie_v uppermost_a the_o brain_n differ_v from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la cerebellum_fw-la first_o in_o substance_n for_o it_o be_v soft_a second_o in_o colour_n for_o it_o be_v white_a three_o in_o bigness_n for_o it_o be_v three_o time_n as_o big_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o the_o falx_n above-described_n brain_n to_o wit_n into_o the_o right_n and_o left_a but_o this_o partition_n descend_v no_o deep_a into_o the_o brain_n than_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o ash-coloured_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v call_v its_o cortex_fw-la cortex_fw-la for_o if_o this_o be_v remove_v that_o which_o lie_v under_o it_o callosum_fw-la be_v of_o a_o white_a substance_n be_v a_o continue_a body_n common_o call_v corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la who_o substance_n we_o describe_v above_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n out_o of_o malpighius_n dr._n willis_n say_v it_o be_v whole_o medullar_n whence_o some_o divide_v the_o brain_n proper_o so_o call_v into_o cortex_fw-la and_o medulla_n the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la make_v a_o partition_n lucidum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v septum_fw-la lucidum_fw-la it_o be_v loose_a and_o wrinkle_a but_o if_o it_o be_v spread_v out_o and_o hold_v to_o the_o light_n it_o appear_v clear_a it_o cleave_v above_o to_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la but_o below_o to_o the_o fornix_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o reduplication_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la other_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o brain_n under_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la fornix_n the_o fornix_n or_o vault_n be_v seat_v of_o the_o like_a substance_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o be_v arch_v but_o in_o the_o low_a part_n convex_v in_o figure_n it_o be_v triangular_a it_o hold_v up_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o bear_v down_o on_o the_o subjacent_a part_n there_o be_v several_a sinus_n or_o cavity_n in_o the_o brain_n sinus_n that_o be_v continue_v indeed_o to_o one_o another_o yet_o because_o at_o the_o first_o view_n they_o seem_v separate_v be_v consider_v by_o anatomist_n as_o distinct_a and_o they_o common_o reckon_v four_o of_o they_o three_o of_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la of_o which_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o the_o four_o be_v common_a to_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la and_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la of_o which_o in_o the_o next_o the_o brain_n be_v take_v away_o as_o far_o as_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la anteriour_a there_o appear_v two_o of_o the_o say_v sinus_n which_o be_v call_v the_o superior_a lateral_a or_o anteriour_a and_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o the_o septum_fw-la lucidum_fw-la just_o now_o describe_v they_o be_v something_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o halfmoon_n or_o horse-shoe_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o very_a thin_a membrane_n they_o descend_v forward_o by_o a_o pretty_a large_a dust_z to_o the_o processus_n mammillare_v and_o backward_o they_o descend_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o which_o place_n branch_n of_o the_o carotide_n enter_v their_o membrane_n choroide_n and_o make_v in_o it_o the_o plexus_fw-la choroide_v together_o with_o some_o twig_n of_o vein_n interweave_v with_o they_o the_o membrane_n wherein_o this_o plexus_fw-la be_v form_v have_v very_o many_o small_a glandule_n which_o separate_v a_o pituitous_a matter_n or_o phlegm_n from_o the_o vessel_n into_o the_o sinus_n along_o which_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v to_o flow_v to_o the_o processus_n mammillare_v and_o from_o they_o to_o destill_n through_o the_o os_fw-mi cribriforme_a into_o the_o nose_n but_o dr._n lower_n deny_v any_o such_o office_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi cribriforme_a affirm_v that_o the_o hole_n in_o it_o be_v only_o for_o the_o transit_fw-la of_o the_o nerve_n and_o membrane_n go_v forth_o from_o the_o processus_n and_o that_o these_o fill_v they_o so_o close_o that_o nothing_o can_v flow_v through_o they_o and_o say_v that_o flux_n of_o rheum_n through_o the_o nose_n upon_o the_o wula_n and_o into_o the_o mouth_n etc._n etc._n in_o catarrh_n fall_v not_o from_o the_o head_n but_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o artery_n in_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o respective_a part_n as_o into_o the_o nose_n through_o the_o gland_n of_o its_o invest_n membrane_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o serous_a matter_n that_o be_v infuse_v into_o these_o sinus_n in_o the_o brain_n he_o say_v it_o be_v all_o absorb_v again_o by_o the_o vessel_n open_v into_o they_o and_o return_n by_o the_o jugular_a vein_n to_o the_o heart_n the_o three_o ventricle_n be_v nothing_o else_o posterior_n but_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o former_a two_o towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n in_o it_o there_o be_v two_o passage_n the_o first_o in_o the_o forepart_n which_o march_v strait-way_n down_o to_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la the_o second_o pass_v under_o the_o testes_fw-la and_o nates_n to_o the_o four_o ventricle_n and_o be_v call_v foramen_fw-la any_fw-la or_o vulva_fw-la the_o infundibulum_fw-la infundibulum_fw-la or_o funnel_n be_v a_o certain_a cavity_n under_o this_o three_o ventricle_n pass_v down_o from_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o say_v some_o but_o doctor_n wharton_n say_v out_o of_o the_o four_o it_o be_v frame_v of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la which_o be_v wide_o at_o its_o beginning_n and_o become_v narrow_a towards_o its_o end_n represent_v a_o funnel_n pituitaria_fw-la it_o end_v in_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o sella_n equina_fw-la and_o upon_o the_o wedge-like_a bone_n through_o which_o it_o have_v be_v think_v to_o destil_n upon_o the_o palate_n the_o phlegm_n pour_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la but_o dr._n lower_n deny_v this_o appeal_n to_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n and_o his_o often_o experiment_n upon_o calf_n head_n in_o which_o he_o say_v the_o wedge-like_a bone_n lie_v under_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la be_v sometime_o perforate_v in_o divers_a place_n at_o least_o by_o one_o large_a dust_z which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o do_v on_o each_o side_n open_a into_o the_o jugular_a vein_n so_o that_o if_o milk_n or_o ink_n be_v inject_v through_o those_o duct_n by_o a_o syringe_n it_o present_o pass_v through_o on_o each_o side_n into_o the_o say_a vein_n and_o nothing_o of_o tincture_n will_v appear_v about_o the_o palate_n nostril_n mouth_n fauces_fw-la or_o larynx_n so_o that_o in_o a_o calf_n the_o humour_n that_o
proceed_v from_o the_o brain_n return_v all_o again_o into_o the_o vein_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n he_o say_v he_o have_v late_o try_v in_o a_o man_n skull_n wherein_o though_o the_o wedge-like_a bone_n be_v never_o perforate_v yet_o nature_n have_v frame_v other_o duct_n whereby_o all_o the_o serum_n may_v be_v again_o derive_v out_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o blood_n for_o there_o be_v two_o vessel_n seat_v on_o each_o side_n the_o sella_n turcica_n to_o be_v describe_v book_n 6._o chap._n 6._o which_o with_o gape_a mouth_n as_o it_o be_v receive_v all_o the_o water_n distil_v out_o of_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la and_o deposit_v it_o on_o each_o side_n into_o the_o jugular_a vein_n without_o the_o skull_n who_o duct_n will_v easy_o appear_v if_o water_n or_o milk_n be_v squirt_v forcible_o out_o of_o a_o syringe_n into_o either_o jugular_a vein_n near_o the_o skull_n for_o the_o liquor_n will_v by_o and_o by_o break_v out_o near_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la which_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o whatever_o serum_n be_v separate_v into_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o issue_v out_o of_o they_o through_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la destil_v not_o upon_o the_o palate_n but_o be_v pour_v again_o into_o the_o blood_n and_o mix_v with_o it_o so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n the_o rheum_n that_o issue_v so_o plentiful_o sometime_o into_o the_o mouth_n and_o fauces_fw-la etc._n etc._n fall_v not_o from_o the_o brain_n but_o as_o be_v note_v above_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o artery_n immediate_o by_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o respective_a part_n about_o this_o glandule_n all_o over_o the_o side_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a cavity_n there_o be_v a_o membranous_a plexus_fw-la frame_v of_o innumerable_a twig_n of_o artery_n which_o spring_n from_o the_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o carotide_n that_o pass_v by_o a_o proper_a hole_n in_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la it_o be_v call_v rete_fw-la intrabile_fw-la mirabile_fw-la represent_v a_o net_n spread_v abroad_o about_o the_o hindermost_a passage_n of_o the_o three_o ventricle_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o four_o ventricle_n certain_a round_a body_n appear_v be_v small_a protuberance_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la as_o first_o and_o uppermost_a there_o be_v the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o say_v medulla_n which_o be_v call_v corpora_fw-la striata_fw-la be_v of_o such_o a_o like_a substance_n as_o the_o corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la before_o describe_v the_o rest_n lie_v under_o these_o have_v their_o denomination_n from_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o resemble_v the_o first_o be_v glandula_n pinealis_fw-la penis_n or_o penis_n because_o it_o represent_v the_o pine-nut_n or_o a_o man_n yard_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o pipe_n by_o which_o the_o three_o and_o four_o ventricles_n be_v unite_v it_o be_v basis_n be_v downward_o and_o its_o apex_n or_o end_n look_v upward_o it_o be_v of_o a_o substance_n hard_a than_o the_o brain_n of_o a_o pale_a colour_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o thin_a membrane_n this_o gland_n des_fw-fr cartes_n think_v to_o be_v the_o primary_n seat_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o that_o all_o animal_n operation_n draw_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o it_o but_o bartholin_n have_v sufficient_o confute_v that_o opinion_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o same_o use_n as_o other_o gland_n and_o particular_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la place_v near_o it_o viz._n to_o separate_v the_o lympha_fw-la from_o the_o arterial_a blood_n which_o lympha_fw-la be_v resorb_v by_o the_o vein_n or_o it_o may_v be_v by_o vasa_n lymphatica_fw-la as_o be_v show_v above_o from_o dr._n lower_n near_o to_o this_o on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o three_o ventricle_n four_o round_a body_n appear_v the_o two_o upper_a be_v lesser_a and_o be_v call_v testes_fw-la testes_fw-la the_o two_o great_a be_v lower_v and_o be_v call_v nates_n nates_n the_o chink_n betwixt_o the_o nates_n be_v call_v anus_fw-la anus_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o ventricles_n be_v first_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o blood_n ventricle_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a for_o the_o sanguiferous_a vessel_n to_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o soft_a substance_n of_o the_o brain_n lest_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o blood_n shall_v have_v be_v hinder_v whereas_o now_o it_o have_v no_o such_o let_v see_v the_o vessel_n be_v interweave_v in_o the_o membrane_n that_o invest_v these_o sinus_n and_o make_v the_o plexus_fw-la choroide_v and_o rete_fw-la mirabile_fw-la abovemention_v another_o use_n be_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o serous_a excrement_n of_o the_o blood_n separate_v from_o it_o by_o the_o glandulous_a membrane_n of_o the_o plexus_fw-la choroide_v and_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la which_o according_a to_o the_o old_a doctrine_n be_v discharge_v out_o of_o they_o by_o the_o sieve-like_a bone_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o through_o the_o wedge-like_a bone_n upon_o the_o wula_n fauces_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o according_a to_o the_o new_a be_v absorb_v again_o by_o the_o vein_n and_o descend_v by_o the_o jugular_n to_o the_o heart_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la and_o the_o four_o ventricle_n the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v call_v cerebellum_fw-la or_o the_o little_a brain_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o hinder_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n or_o skull_n seat_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la by_o the_o two_o membrane_n wherewith_o it_o be_v wrap_v namely_o the_o dura_n and_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o brain_n proper_o so_o call_v substance_n save_v that_o it_o be_v hard_a it_o do_v not_o run_v in_o such_o wind_n as_o the_o brain_n but_o its_o substance_n be_v make_v up_o of_o lamellae_n or_o plate_n that_o lie_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o be_v each_o keep_v apart_o from_o other_o by_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la that_o invest_v each_o one_o single_o and_o be_v much_o interweave_v with_o artery_n within_o it_o be_v very_o white_a but_o outward_o more_o dusky_a or_o greyish_a it_o be_v frame_v of_o four_o part_n part_n whereof_o two_o be_v lateral_a the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a these_o be_v spherical_a two_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n to_o wit_n the_o foremost_a and_o hindermost_a these_o be_v round_o and_o be_v frame_v of_o sundry_a orbicular_a portion_n which_o because_o they_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o worm_n that_o be_v in_o rot_a timber_n vermiforme_v be_v call_v processus_n vermiforme_v or_o worm-like_a process_n the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o four_o ventricle_n the_o other_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n the_o use_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o of_o the_o brain_n use_v only_a dr._n willis_n not_o content_a with_o this_o general_a opinion_n 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etc._n etc._n between_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la and_o the_o crura_fw-la or_o root_n of_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la ventricle_n be_v the_o four_o ventricle_n form_v this_o be_v common_o call_v the_o noble_a ventricle_n from_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v elaborate_v unto_o perfection_n herein_o as_o they_o be_v prepare_v in_o the_o three_o other_o but_o as_o we_o have_v assign_v other_o use_n to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n so_o we_o can_v grant_v any_o such_o office_n to_o this_o as_o shall_v be_v further_o show_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n it_o be_v low_a part_n that_o run_v in_o betwixt_o the_o fork_a root_n of_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la from_o its_o shape_n end_v in_o a_o point_n be_v call_v calamus_fw-la scriptorius_fw-la or_o a_o write_n pen._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la and_o spinalis_fw-la now_o follow_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n name_n call_v medulla_n oblongata_fw-la within_o
the_o part_n what_o a_o similar_v part_n be_v the_o number_n of_o simple_a part_n of_o a_o tendon_n the_o difference_n of_o simple_a part_n what_o a_o dissimilar_v part_n be_v thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o a_o organical_a part_n the_o degree_n of_o a_o organical_a part_n the_o difference_n of_o part_n take_v from_o their_o end_n the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o region_n of_o it_o 1._o cuticula_fw-la or_o skarf-skin_n its_o use_n 2._o the_o true_a skin_n it_o be_v colour_n it_o be_v action_n its_o use_n 3._o fat_n its_o use_n 4_o membrana_fw-la carnosa_fw-la its_o use_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a belly_n the_o cawl_n it_o be_v substance_n it_o be_v connexion_n or_o origine_fw-la its_o vessel_n 1._o artery_n 2._o vein_n 3._o nerve_n 4._o vasa_n adiposa_fw-la 5._o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la its_o gland_n it_o be_v fat_a its_o use_n a_o observation_n another_o it_o be_v origine_fw-la &_o descent_n the_o name_n of_o it_o it_o be_v structure_n 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lymphduct_n 〈…〉_z venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la the_o use_n of_o the_o mammae_fw-la how_o milk_n be_v make_v why_o it_o flow_v to_o the_o breast_n at_o some_o time_n only_o pleura_fw-la it_o be_v substance_n part_n figure_n holes_n rise_v vein_n artery_n nerve_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la it_o be_v rise_n substance_n length_n vein_n artery_n nerve_n lymphduct_n use_v thymus_n its_o vessel_n use_v the_o diaphragm_n it_o be_v figure_n and_o situation_n substance_n holes_n vessel_n use_v it_o be_v denomination_n origine_fw-la holes_n connexion_n vessel_n it_o be_v liquor_n their_o use_n it_o be_v situation_n substance_n fibres_fw-fr figure_n bigness_n coat_n vessel_n artery_n vein_n nerve_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o pulse_n systole_n and_o diastole_n the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n how_o chyle_n be_v turn_v into_o blood_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o blood_n whether_o the_o body_n be_v nourish_v by_o blood_n auriculae_fw-la their_o motion_n use_v the_o ventricle_n septum_fw-la vena_fw-la cava_fw-la venae_fw-la phrenicae_fw-la venae_fw-la coronariae_fw-la vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la intercostales_fw-la superiores_fw-la venae_fw-la subclaviae_fw-la branch_n arise_v from_o they_o 1._o mammariae_fw-la 2._o mediastina_fw-la 3._o cervicalis_fw-la 4._o muscula_n inferior_a 5._o muscula_n superior_a 6._o jugulares_fw-la vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la its_o valve_n branching_n in_o the_o lung_n arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la it_o be_v valve_v its_o valve_n the_o division_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi the_o branch_n of_o the_o trunk_n ascend_v 1._o subclavia_n 2._o intercostalis_fw-la superior_a 3._o mammaria_fw-la 4._o cervicalis_fw-la 5._o muscula_n carotide_n the_o branch_n of_o the_o trunk_n descend_v 1._o intercostalis_fw-la inferior_a 2._o phrenica_fw-la 3._o coeliaca_fw-la its_o branch_n gastrica_fw-la dextra_fw-la cysticae_fw-la gemellae_fw-la epiplois_fw-fr dextra_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la gastroepiplois_fw-fr dextra_fw-la hepaticae_n splenica_fw-la gastrica_fw-la major_n coronaria_fw-la stomachica_fw-la gastrica_fw-la sinistra_fw-la epiplo_n postica_fw-la epiplois_fw-fr sinistra_fw-la vas_n breve_fw-la arteriosum_fw-la gastroepiplois_fw-fr sinistra_fw-la 4._o mesenterica_fw-la superior_a 5._o emulgentes_fw-la 6._o spermaticae_fw-la 7._o mesenterica_fw-la inferior_a 8_o lumbares_n rami_n iliaci_fw-la their_o branch_n 1._o muscula_n inferior_a 2._o hypogastrica_fw-la 3._o umbilicalis_fw-la 4._o epigastrica_fw-la 5._o pudenda_fw-la the_o windpipe_n its_o part_n 1._o larynx_n 2._o bronchus_n its_o vessel_n division_n the_o lung_n their_o substance_n invest_v membrane_n division_n connexion_n vessel_n 1._o trachea_n 2._o artery_n and_o vein_n 3._o lymphduct_n 4._o nerve_n how_o respiration_n be_v perform_v muscle_n minister_a to_o respiration_n what_o kind_n of_o motion_n respiration_n be_v the_o use_n of_o it_o it_o be_v name_n part_n contain_v contain_a 1._o larynx_n it_o be_v figure_n bigness_n vessel_n substance_n cartilage_n muscle_n 2._o pharynx_n 3._o tonsillae_fw-la their_o dust_z use_v it_o be_v seat_n figure_n bigness_n part_n it_o be_v name_n definition_n figure_n life_n matter_n colour_n why_o hair_n turn_v white_a their_o use_n the_o pericranium_n it_o be_v connexion_n periosteum_n their_o vessel_n the_o meninge_n dura_n mater_fw-la its_o hole_n vessel_n falx_n sinus_n pia_fw-la mater_fw-la the_o plexus_fw-la of_o its_o vessel_n it_o be_v substance_n vessel_n bigness_n figure_n it_o be_v difference_n from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la