luc._n lib._n 4._o imprudentium_fw-la fiducia_fw-la est_fw-la fortunam_fw-la sibi_fw-la spondere_fw-la seneca_n de_fw-fr beneficiis_fw-la incauta_fw-la semper_fw-la nimia_fw-la praesamptio_fw-la &_o svi_fw-la negligens_fw-la egâ—sip_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la instit_n cyri._fw-la caesar_n thucyd._n lib._n 7._o caesar_n â—aetis_fw-la hâ—nc_fw-la nâ—mine_fw-la rebus_fw-la ciescendi_fw-la posuere_fw-la modum_fw-la lucan_n eodem_fw-la ubi_fw-la laserunt_fw-la navigia_fw-la forbentur_fw-la seneca_n epist_n 4._o non_fw-fr est_fw-fr in_o bâ—llo_fw-la bis_fw-la peccaâ—e_fw-la pluâ—aâ—ch_n nullo_n contectus_fw-la curio_n busto_fw-la luc._n homer_n iliad_n 8._o caesar_n lib._n 6._o de_fw-la comitiis_fw-la lib._n 5._o anno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 701._o liv._o lib._n 7._o liv._o lib._n 9_o 9_o four_o gallon_n and_o a_o half_a plin._n l._n 35._o cap._n 12._o 12._o lib._n 39_o lib._n 1._o offic_n nec_fw-la enim_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vehementius_fw-la rempub_fw-la contiâ—t_fw-la quam_fw-la side_n lib._n 2._o offic_n in_o the_o life_n of_o julius_n caesar_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 7._o 2._o offic._n vetus_fw-la urbi_fw-la foenebre_fw-la malum_fw-la &_o seditionum_fw-la discordiarumque_fw-la crebeâ—rima_fw-la causa_fw-la annal._n 6_o tull_n 2._o offic_n pecuniae_fw-la quarenten_a ratio_fw-la naturae_fw-la consentanea_fw-la omnibus_fw-la est_fw-la à _fw-la fructibus_fw-la &_o animalibus_fw-la de_fw-fr repub_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o caesar_n gen_n latinae_fw-la feriae_fw-la lib._n 4_o de_fw-la antiquit._fw-la rom._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 2_o appian_n lib._n 4._o caesar_n iliad_n 6._o 12_o metam_fw-la just_a lib._n 1._o herodot_n lib._n 2._o treble_a pol_n sigism_n baâ—in_v muscâ—â—_n quod_fw-la fonestias_n quam_fw-la â—xoâ—iâ—m_fw-la levamentum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tac._n l._n 3._o annal._n vix_fw-la praesenti_fw-la custedia_fw-la manere_fw-la illaesa_fw-la conjugiâ—_n modem_n judg._n 9_o anno_fw-la 1595._o caesar_n qui_fw-la sapiunt_fw-la bellum_fw-la absolvunt_fw-la celeriter_fw-la pace_fw-la fruâ—ntur_fw-la quam_fw-la possant_fw-la dâ—utissime_fw-la appian_n leges_fw-la à _fw-la victoribus_fw-la 〈…〉_z a_o victis_fw-la lib._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d in_o aeqâ—abi_fw-la itate_fw-la motâ—m_fw-la in_o inaequalitate_fw-la sâ—mper_fw-la constitâ—imâ—s_fw-la in_o timâ—o_n caesar_n timendum_fw-la ne_fw-la sub_fw-la pacis_fw-la nomine_fw-la involutum_fw-la bellum_fw-la cicero_n 〈◊〉_d 7._o poedus_fw-la pacis_fw-la foedus_fw-la commercil_n foedus_fw-la mutuâ—_fw-la auxâ—lii_fw-la 1._o reg._n 22._o in_o veâ—rem_fw-la the_o publication_n of_o their_o secular_a place_n be_v cry_v in_o these_o word_n convenice_n ad_fw-la judos_n spâ—ctandâ—s_v quos_fw-la nâ—qâ—e_fw-la spectavit_fw-la quisquam_fw-la nec_fw-la spectâ—tutus_fw-la est_fw-la sueâ—on_n in_o claudio_n nolenteâ—_n amicum_fw-la câ—pere_fw-la difficile_fw-la xenoph._n de_fw-fr factis_fw-la &_o dict_z socrat._v caesar_n frustra_fw-la sapit_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la non_fw-la sapit_fw-la aeneid_n â—_o lib._n 16._o successum_fw-la fortuna_fw-la experientiam_fw-la laus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la vaâ—râ—_n ex_fw-la gellio_n sallust_n caesar_n caesar_n rostra_fw-la omnia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d facilia_n quam_fw-la 〈…〉_z de_fw-fr mechaniâ—is_fw-la livy_n lib._n 8._o plutarch_n caesar_n incertae_fw-la sunt_fw-la res_fw-la bellicae_fw-la thucyd._n caesar_n aeneid_n 2._o homer_n 9_o iliad_n 〈◊〉_d lib._n 8._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n uladislaus_n audaces_fw-la fortuna_fw-la iuvat_fw-la virtus_fw-la omne_fw-la potest_fw-la virtute_fw-la faciendum_fw-la est_fw-la quicquid_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la bellicis_fw-la est_fw-la gerendum_fw-la plutarch_n 6_o metamer_n nunquam_fw-la ita_fw-la quilquam_fw-la bene_fw-la subducta_fw-la ratione_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fait_fw-fr quin_fw-la res_fw-la aetas_fw-la usus_fw-la sen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aliquid_fw-la 〈…〉_z tâ—ren_n 〈◊〉_d multi_fw-la homines_fw-la pauâ—i_fw-la viâ—i_fw-la herod_n lib._n 7._o 〈◊〉_d say_v that_o the_o roman_n 〈◊〉_d the_o siege_n of_o veâ—ente_n be_v out_o of_o humane_a hope_n turn_v their_o eye_n to_o fate_n and_o the_o hope_v they_o have_v in_o destiny_n caesar_n caesar_n a_o hill_n separate_v syria_n from_o cilicia_n columnaria_fw-la ostiâ—â—â—_n propter_fw-la aurum_fw-la &_o argentum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la pacem_fw-la facit_fw-la ferrum_fw-la lib._n 14._o epist_n 93._o ferrum_fw-la omnis_fw-la artis_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la aurum_fw-la &_o atgentum_fw-la mortis_fw-la mancipia_fw-la epictetus_n capitatio_fw-la ostiaria_n columnariae_n 31_o ad_fw-la atticum_fw-la epist_n 1._o in_o the_o paâ—pacy_n of_o sixt._n quinâ—us_n fiscus_n reipub_fw-la lie_v quod_fw-la eo_fw-la câ—escente_fw-la artus_fw-la reliqui_fw-la tabescunt_fw-la sext._n aurelius_n victor_n in_o paraeâ—et_o 2_o de_fw-fr offic._n plutarch_n bella_fw-la sustentantuâ—_n pecuniâ—rum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dion_n 〈…〉_z 6._o ann._n l._n 13._o caesar_n quae_fw-la libera_fw-la appellabatur_fw-la appellabatur_fw-la lepâ—nto_fw-la in_o macedonia_n quae_fw-la velint_fw-la sibi_fw-la candida_fw-la nasci_fw-la ad_fw-la haliaâ—monem_fw-la ducere_fw-la quae_fw-la â—ugra_fw-mi &_o 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la axium_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n biremes_n 〈◊〉_d hostium_fw-la discessiones_fw-la semper_fw-la suspectas_fw-la habere_fw-la cap._n 5._o 5_o cyropaed_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z petram_fw-la lucan_n actus_fw-la activorum_fw-la in_o patientis_fw-la sunt_fw-la dispositione_n arist_n metaph._n caesar_n ex_fw-la subâ—â—actis_fw-la &_o cen_n conibus_fw-la contemprares_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la nisi_fw-la supra_fw-la humana_fw-la se_fw-la â—rexit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ratione_fw-la i_fw-it 〈…〉_z iâ—â—_n caesar_n caesar_n plâ—taâ—ch_n lib._n 3._o c._n 59_o labour_n militiae_fw-la assidua_fw-la frâ—ga_fw-la itatis_fw-la conâ—â—â—tudine_fw-la factlior_fw-la est_fw-la justin_n cyâ—us_n content_v with_o bread_n and_o water_n xenophon_n aequalem_fw-la oportet_fw-la semper_fw-la esse_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la animum_fw-la mâ—tari_fw-la enim_fw-la pro_fw-la terum_fw-la varieâ—atibus_fw-la mentis_fw-la instabilis_fw-la argumentum_fw-la efficitur_fw-la agapâ—tus_fw-la unus_n homo_fw-la nobis_fw-la cunctando_fw-la restitute_a rem_fw-la enn._n lib._n 6._o de_fw-fr cyropaed_n there_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o history_n in_o this_o place_n omit_v caesar_n alâ—ae_fw-la sunt_fw-la legati_fw-la parâ—es_fw-la atque_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la â—vocati_fw-la millibus_fw-la ducentis_fw-la aeris_fw-la prinâ—ipilus_n solon_n plat._n â—_o de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d liviâ—_n lib._n 4._o lib._n 6._o in_o vita_fw-la caeâ—â—is_fw-la in_o repub_fw-la multo_fw-it praestat_fw-la beneficii_fw-la qâ—â—m_fw-la maâ—â—ficii_fw-la immemorem_fw-la esse_fw-la bone_fw-la signior_n â—it_n ubi_fw-la negligas_fw-la mâ—â—as_fw-la improbior_fw-la sal._n juger_n caesar_n et_fw-fr morâ—u_fw-fr spoliare_fw-la nemus_fw-la lethumqâ—e_fw-la minantes_fw-la vellere_fw-la aâ—_n ignotis_fw-la dubias_fw-la radicibus_fw-la â—erbas_fw-la si_fw-mi bonam_fw-la dederitis_fw-la fidam_fw-la &_o perpetuâ—m_fw-la 〈…〉_z diuturâ—â—m_o liâ—_n lib._n 8._o 〈◊〉_d est_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la expâ—gnet_fw-la pertâ—nâ—â—x_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o intenta_fw-la &_o diligens_fw-la cura_fw-la senec._n lib._n 6._o epist_n 51._o plin._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 4._o caesar_n poenam_fw-la semper_fw-la anâ—e_fw-la oculos_fw-la versari_fw-la putent_fw-la qui_fw-la peccaverunt_fw-la cic._n â—n_o â—rat_n 〈◊〉_d milone_n lib._n 5._o cyâ—op_n caesar_n arma_fw-la alienasse_n grave_n â—rimâ—n_fw-fr est_fw-fr &_o â—a_n poeâ—a_fw-la deâ—ertioni_fw-la exâ—quatur_fw-la utique_fw-la si_fw-la tota_fw-la alienâ—vit_fw-la lib._n 14._o §_o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la vir_fw-la virtute_fw-la ex_fw-la miâ—s_fw-la aliquâ—ndo_fw-la fortuna_fw-la semperâ—a_fw-la imo_fw-la maximus_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n eâ—itius_n sapiens_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la itâ—_n uno_fw-la gradu_fw-la 〈…〉_z herodot_n 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la expensa_fw-la omne_fw-la feruntur_fw-la acceptant_a &_o in_o tota_fw-la ratiore_fw-la mortalium_fw-la sâ—la_fw-la uttâ—â—que_fw-la paginam_fw-la facit_fw-la plin._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 7._o caesar_n humanaâ—um_fw-la rerum_fw-la â—â—â—culus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la roâ—atus_fw-la semper_fw-la â—osdem_fw-la fortunatos_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la herodot_n lib._n 1._o habet_fw-la have_v vice_n conditio_fw-la mortalium_fw-la ut_fw-la aduâ—rsi_fw-la ex_fw-la secundis_fw-la secunda_fw-la ex_fw-la adversis_fw-la nascantur_fw-la pâ—in_n in_o paneg._n herodot_n lib._n 1._o lâ—â—vento_fw-it è_fw-it spesso_fw-it judice_fw-la non_fw-la imperito_fw-la dell_fw-it cose_z guicâ—_n lib._n 5._o caesar_n the_o philosophâ—â—_n câ—ator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o 〈…〉_z occasion_n of_o a_o ill_a 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o great_a comfort_n in_o any_o 〈◊〉_d of_o adversity_n plaâ—_n in_o câ—ns_n apo._n 〈…〉_z prae_fw-la â—orum_fw-la delâ—cta_fw-la 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la acâ—â—piunt_fw-la veâ—â—t_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o finem_fw-la dolendi_fw-la qui_fw-la consilio_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la tempore_fw-la invenit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d epist_n 64._o lib._n 2._o livy_n 31._o livy_n 27._o lib._n 2._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la front_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o caesar_n lib._n 5._o de_fw-fr milit._n ro._n cap._n 14._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 1_o caesar_n humanâ—tum_fw-la actionum_fw-la felâ—_n itas_fw-la infeli_fw-it 〈…〉_z rerum_fw-la particulis_fw-la quae_fw-la multae_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o vary_v sed_fw-la ex_fw-la eventis_fw-la judi_fw-la intuâ—_fw-la diony_n hal._n lib._n 9_o caesar_n after_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n lib._n 5._o obsidio_fw-la ejus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la quam_fw-la cito_fw-la capere_fw-la velis_fw-la &_o utgenda_fw-la &_o premenda_fw-la lib._n 6._o de_fw-la instit_n cyri._fw-la bello_fw-la lex_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la justissima_fw-la diony_n 〈◊〉_d in_o exper_n legate_n polyb._n lib._n 8_o caesar_n comineus_n in_o orat_fw-la pro_fw-la plaâ—â—o_n virtus_fw-la felicitatis_fw-la mensura_fw-la non_fw-la foâ—tuna_fw-la dio._n hâ—licarn_n lib._n 2._o caesar_n prima_fw-la egregiorum_fw-la ducum_fw-la sapientia_fw-la victoriam_fw-la siâ—e_fw-la periculo_fw-la comparare_fw-la polyae_n lib._n 1_o stratag_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 3._o excid_n 2._o offic._n 〈◊〉_d in_o manibus_fw-la vestris_fw-la quantus_fw-la sit_fw-la caesar_n habetis_fw-la lucan_n lib._n 7._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 3_o singulas_fw-la cohortes_fw-la detraxit_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o caesar_n plutarch_n lucan_n lib._n 4._o homer_n iliad_n 3._o lib._n 4._o cap._n 2._o lib._n 7._o lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n florus_n lib._n 4._o infelix_fw-la quanta_fw-la dominum_fw-la virtute_fw-la paraâ—â—â—_n caesar_n utilis_fw-la &_o tuta_fw-la res_fw-la dilato_fw-la diony_n halicar_n lib._n 8._o non_fw-la commitruntur_fw-la regâ—â—is_fw-la trireâ—es_fw-la aut_fw-la loca_fw-la aut_fw-la legiones_fw-la aut_fw-la arces_fw-la sed_fw-la verba_fw-la &_o tempora_fw-la demost_a de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la legatione_fw-la 1._o labour_n in_o nâ—gotio_n 2._o fortitudo_fw-la in_o periculo_fw-la 3._o induâ—tria_n in_o agendo_fw-la 4._o celeritas_fw-la in_o consiciendo_fw-la be_v caesar_n property_n caesar_n interdâ—â—_n majores_fw-la copiae_fw-la sternuntur_fw-la à _fw-la minoribus_fw-la 〈…〉_z lib._n 8._o lib._n 8._o caesar_n pompeius_n trogus_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 8._o caesar_n pompâ—ius_n 〈…〉_z esse_fw-la non_fw-la poâ—et_fw-la risi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la servitutis_fw-la 5._o the_o 〈◊〉_d 16_o 5._o polit._n nil_fw-la nimium_fw-la cupito_fw-la be_v write_v in_o golden_a letter_n at_o delphos_n justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la esse_fw-la iis_fw-la quibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la spes_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la machiav_n nusquana_n gâ—ntium_fw-la râ—peritur_fw-la qui_fw-la possit_fw-la penibus_fw-la approbart_n mors_fw-la omnium_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la per_fw-la quae_fw-la venit_fw-la diversi_fw-la sunt_fw-la id_fw-la in_o quod_fw-la definiâ—unam_fw-la est_fw-la epist_n 67._o homines_fw-la sicut_fw-la pomi_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la matura_fw-la caduâ—t_fw-la aut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d plut._n in_o viâ—a_n rompeii_n mors_fw-la naturae_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la mors_fw-la tribuâ—um_fw-la officiumque_fw-la mortalium_fw-la seneâ—â—_n natural_a quaest_n â—_o fabius_n dictus_fw-la maximus_fw-la scipio_n magnus_fw-la polyaenus_n lib._n 8._o epist_n 100_o this_o thaâ—â—_n follow_v seem_v of_o another_o stile_n the_o priest_n of_o egypt_n say_v that_o whensoever_o the_o axe_n and_o the_o bundle_n of_o rod_n come_v into_o alexandria_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n shall_v present_o case_n according_a as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o a_o column_n of_o gold_n at_o memphis_n lib._n 2._o ep._n 8._o lib._n 15._o cap._n 18._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 9_o a_o file_n the_o leader_n battallion_n a_o rank_n or_o front_n sideman_n the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o a_o battallion_n unâ—â—rtain_a the_o length_n breadth_n oâ—_n depth_n dignity_n in_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o rank_n the_o bringer_n up_o or_o tergiductores_fw-la or_o last_v rank_n the_o second_o and_o nine_o rank_n the_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n file_n the_o right-hand_a file_n the_o left-hand_a file_n distance_n between_o file_n and_o rank_n open_v order_n order_n close_o order_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n the_o manner_n of_o charge_v with_o five_o rank_n stand_v in_o front_n in_o arrectostate_n face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n declinate_a in_o hastam_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o scutum_fw-la face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n duplicate_v declinatio_fw-la or_o mutatio_fw-la wheel_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n conuersio_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la vel_fw-la scutum_fw-la as_o you_o be_v revolutio_fw-la reversio_fw-la wheel_v about_o inflexio_n militum_fw-la reflexâ—o_o file_n from_o the_o rear_n 〈◊〉_d â—volutio_fw-la macedonica_fw-la from_o the_o front_n through_o laconica_n evolutio_fw-la from_o the_o front_n and_o stand_v choâ—ica_fw-la evolutio_fw-la countermarch_v of_o rank_n the_o double_n of_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n by_o man_n duplicare_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la by_o ground_n double_v of_o rank_n by_o insert_v or_o add_v new_a troop_n duplicare_fw-la longitudinem_fw-la silence_z to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o champain_n in_o straits_n or_o narrow_a passage_n how_o to_o 〈◊〉_d a_o division_n for_o such_o a_o maâ—ch_n to_o reduce_v they_o 〈◊〉_d in_o into_o theâ—r_n first_o front_n the_o manner_n of_o chaâ—ging_a pike_n with_o pike_n five_o rank_n only_o by_o the_o whole_a depth_n to_o charge_v with_o musketeer_n there_o must_v not_o be_v too_o many_o in_o a_o rank_n in_o the_o retreat_n the_o manner_n of_o charge_v by_o â—iles_n in_o narrow_a passage_n in_o the_o pase_n of_o ireland_n by_o sign_n by_o drum_n or_o trumpet_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n the_o most_o usual_a direct_v term_n in_o exercise_v a_o baâ—â—allion_n or_o division_n
according_a to_o the_o custom_n he_o take_v his_o chair_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o first_o come_v up_o to_o he_o be_v one_o celer_n who_o while_o he_o be_v entreat_v he_o to_o release_v a_o brother_n of_o his_o that_o be_v in_o captivity_n the_o rest_n come_v up_o to_o he_o whereat_o he_o suspect_v some_o violence_n cry_v out_o what_o force_n be_v this_o to_o which_o the_o abovementioned_a atilius_n cimber_n answer_v he_o with_o a_o wound_n in_o the_o throat_n which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o conspirator_n second_v with_o other_o but_o that_o which_o amaze_v he_o above_o all_o be_v to_o see_v brutus_n among_o they_o one_o who_o authority_n be_v great_a and_o one_o who_o he_o have_v oblige_v beyond_o all_o expression_n of_o gratitude_n when_o a_o conquer_a enemy_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v not_o but_o break_v forth_o into_o these_o word_n and_o thou_o son_fw-fr brutus_n be_v thou_o one_o whereupon_o see_v there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o escape_v he_o remember_v to_o keep_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o person_n cover_v his_o head_n with_o part_n of_o his_o robe_n and_o with_o his_o left_a hand_n settle_v his_o clothes_n about_o he_o and_o so_o have_v receive_v 23._o wound_n he_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n a_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o public_a liberty_n near_o the_o base_a of_o pompey_n statue_n which_o be_v note_v as_o a_o judgement_n of_o the_o go_n caesar_n have_v neither_o son_n nor_o daughter_n legitimate_a at_o his_o death_n have_v by_o his_o will_n before_o adopt_v his_o nephew_n octavius_n caesar_n who_o be_v afterward_o call_v octavianus_n augustus_n who_o study_v in_o apollonia_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o murder_n of_o caesar_n and_o expect_v to_o go_v with_o he_o to_o the_o war_n against_o the_o parthian_n be_v then_o about_o 17._o year_n of_o age_n this_o death_n as_o all_o extraordinary_a accident_n must_v needs_o beget_v tumult_n and_o confusion_n in_o the_o city_n all_o office_n cease_v the_o temple_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o caesar_n friend_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o conspirator_n &_o they_o reciprocal_o of_o they_o this_o tumult_n somewhat_o startle_v the_o conspirator_n who_o see_v the_o design_n take_v not_o with_o the_o people_n as_o they_o expect_v to_o secure_v themselves_o seize_v the_o capitol_n cry_v as_o they_o go_v liberty_n liberty_n liberty_n whereupon_o antonius_n and_o lepidus_n be_v all_o this_o while_n in_o arm_n divers_a treaty_n of_o accommodation_n pass_v between_o they_o whereby_o it_o be_v at_o last_o agree_v the_o senate_n shall_v sit_v whither_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n come_v antonius_n son_n be_v hostage_n for_o their_o return_n the_o senate_n approve_v the_o fact_n the_o people_n dissemble_v their_o satisfaction_n for_o as_o the_o authority_n of_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n with_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n be_v very_o charm_v on_o one_o side_n so_o the_o horror_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o love_n some_o bare_a caesar_n exasperate_v they_o against_o the_o murderer_n but_o mark_v antony_n endeavour_v to_o trouble_v the_o water_n as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v among_o other_o thing_n get_v caesar_n testament_n to_o be_v open_v wherein_o he_o have_v bequeath_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n certain_a garden_n and_o heritage_n near_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o to_o every_o citizen_n of_o rome_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v know_v it_o re-enflamed_n their_o old_a affection_n to_o caesar_n and_o raise_v a_o compassion_n and_o a_o regret_n for_o his_o death_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o his_o funeral_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o burn_v his_o body_n in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n antonius_n be_v to_o make_v the_o oration_n bring_v with_o he_o the_o robe_n wherein_o caesar_n be_v assassinate_v which_o be_v all_o bloody_a he_o show_v to_o the_o people_n use_v some_o expression_n which_o raise_v in_o they_o both_o indignation_n and_o pity_n insomuch_o as_o before_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o funeral_n be_v end_v they_o all_o depart_v in_o great_a fury_n with_o the_o brand_n of_o the_o same_o fire_n to_o set_v afire_o the_o house_n of_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o conspirator_n who_o they_o seek_v run_v up_o &_o down_o the_o street_n in_o which_o fury_n they_o kill_v aelius_n cinna_n mistake_v he_o for_o cornelius_n cinna_n who_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o they_o this_o tumult_n force_v brutus_n cassius_n and_o all_o who_o conceive_v themselves_o guilty_a of_o caesar_n death_n to_o depart_v from_o rome_n whereupon_o antonius_n take_v occasion_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o assume_v caesar_n power_n and_o authority_n persecute_v they_o all_o he_o can_v brutus_n and_o cassius_n go_v into_o greece_n to_o govern_v those_o province_n which_o caesar_n who_o they_o have_v murder_v have_v confer_v on_o they_o which_o be_v macedonia_n and_o syria_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v all_o the_o rest_n disperse_v and_o that_o so_o unfortunate_o that_o within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n they_o all_o come_v to_o violent_a death_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o 56._o year_n of_o his_o age_n somewhat_o above_o four_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n 700._o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n 3010._o year_n after_o the_o creation_n but_o according_a to_o the_o 70._o interp._n 5157._o in_o the_o 184._o olympiad_n and_o 42._o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n have_v make_v himself_o perpetual_a dictator_n he_o enjoy_v it_o 3._o year_n 4._o month_n and_o 6._o day_n thus_o have_v we_o trace_v this_o transcendent_a personage_n through_o all_o his_o great_a and_o incomparable_a action_n and_o achievement_n we_o have_v view_v he_o in_o his_o distress_n and_o extremity_n and_o we_o have_v also_o see_v he_o in_o his_o victory_n &_o triumph_n express_v the_o same_o greatness_n that_o be_v the_o same_o equality_n of_o mind_n in_o both_o we_o have_v survey_v he_o in_o all_o his_o excellency_n and_o ability_n both_o of_o mind_n and_o body_n we_o have_v consider_v the_o invincibility_n of_o his_o spirit_n his_o incomparable_a courage_n his_o clemency_n &_o magnanimity_n his_o policy_n vigilance_n prudence_n conduct_n we_o have_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v enumerate_v the_o many_o battle_n he_o fight_v the_o many_o victory_n obtain_v the_o many_o people_n and_o province_n reduce_v the_o many_o king_n and_o country_n subdue_v so_o to_o figure_v a_o person_n imitable_a in_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v call_v great_a or_o virtuous_a not_o exceedable_a in_o any_o we_o have_v describe_v and_o dilucidate_v his_o medal_n wherein_o if_o we_o have_v commit_v any_o offence_n it_o have_v be_v in_o study_v brevity_n purposely_o omit_v many_o thing_n that_o may_v have_v be_v say_v and_o forbear_v the_o multitude_n and_o particularity_n of_o citation_n lest_o it_o may_v be_v think_v a_o vanity_n last_o we_o have_v accompany_v he_o to_o his_o funeral_n pile_n the_o fire_n whereof_o consume_v his_o murderer_n and_o enemy_n while_o he_o himself_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o same_o element_n to_o shine_v eternal_o a_o star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n in_o the_o firmament_n of_o famous_a and_o heroic_a spirit_n and_o there_o we_o leave_v he_o recommend_v the_o reader_n to_o see_v and_o find_v he_o haply_o far_o great_a than_o our_o commendation_n in_o his_o own_o everlasting_a commentary_n finis_fw-la the_o second_o and_o seven_o page_n of_o this_o life_n of_o caesar_n be_v rash_o put_v to_o work_v at_o the_o press_n before_o they_o be_v correct_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o ensue_a fault_n with_o their_o emendation_n and_o to_o think_v never_o the_o worse_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o book_n in_o pag._n 2._o lin_v 1._o after_o be_v kill_v read_v as_o if_o even_a virtue_n may_v be_v excessive_a and_o a_o crime_n as_o he_o etc._n etc._n l._n 20._o for_o paint_v ever_o paint_v over_o l._n 33._o for_o cisalphina_n cisalpina_n l._n 35._o for_o lacedemonia_fw-la lacedaemon_n l._n 37_o 38._o for_o sardynia_n creeta_n candia_n cypress_n rhodes_n and_o negrepont_n sardinia_n crect_n cyprus_n rhodes_n and_o negropont_n in_o pag._n 7._o l._n 1._o for_o which_o four_o with_o four_z l._n 9_o for_o gulf_n venice_n gulf_n of_o venice_n l._n 14._o for_o their_o fort_n their_o effort_n l._n 15._o for_o curius_n curio_n l._n 19_o for_o that_o consul_n that_o consul_n l._n 28._o for_o boetia_n lacedaemonia_n creeta_n in_o some_o copy_n boeotia_n lacedaemon_n crect_n l._n 38._o for_o defer_v he_o deter_v he_o l._n 46._o for_o take_v it_o takes_z in_o with_o some_o literal_a fault_n and_o ill_o point_v julius_n caesar_n read_v and_o discourse_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o soldier_n perfect_a in_o the_o art_n military_a how_o great_a soever_o his_o knowledge_n may_v be_v which_o long_a experience_n and_o much_o practice_n of_o arm_n have_v gain_v when_o i_o
thus_o command_v at_o sometime_o to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o about_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o order_n hand_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n before_o name_v so_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v reduce_v into_o their_o close_a order_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v as_o one_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n scutum_fw-la it_o be_v perform_v thus_o imagine_v the_o battallion_n stand_v first_o in_o order_n it_o shall_v be_v command_v that_o they_o close_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n when_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v still_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o return_v as_o they_o be_v next_o that_o they_o close_v their_o rank_n from_o behind_o when_o every_o follower_n march_v forward_o to_o his_o leader_n unto_o his_o rapier_n point_v as_o be_v say_v before_o this_o do_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v immovable_a all_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o a_o great_a gate_n turn_v about_o that_o leader_n as_o about_o the_o hinge_n or_o centre_n every_o one_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n and_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v first_o place_v as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n when_o the_o same_o battallion_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o same_o station_n wherein_o it_o be_v first_o be_v it_o be_v command_v revolutio_fw-la face_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o march_v into_o your_o order_n from_o whence_o you_o be_v close_v reversio_fw-la then_o let_v your_o leader_n or_o first_o rank_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o march_z rank_n in_o order_n as_o before_o then_o turn_v as_o you_o be_v and_o you_o be_v restore_v when_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v in_o their_o close_a order_n shall_v turn_v about_o and_o make_v the_o rear_n the_o front_n about_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a turn_n or_o declination_n militum_fw-la and_o command_v to_o wheel_v about_o which_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o former_a face_n about_o or_o mutation_n there_o be_v also_o another_o wheel_a in_o this_o sort_n reflexâ—o_o when_o the_o front_n change_v the_o aspect_n thrice_o for_o as_o wheel_v about_o make_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n so_o this_o wheel_v from_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a or_o contrariwise_o which_o fashion_n be_v so_o seldom_o use_v that_o we_o scarce_o afford_v it_o a_o name_n in_o all_o such_o motion_n and_o alteration_n it_o be_v most_o fit_a that_o all_o man_n perform_v their_o direction_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v be_v in_o that_o sort_n most_o easy_a to_o be_v command_v as_o also_o less_o troublesome_a to_o their_o follower_n and_o leader_n countermarch_v file_n and_o rank_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n his_o assault_v we_o in_o the_o rear_n or_o flank_n lest_o he_o shall_v find_v our_o worst_a man_n least_o able_a to_o make_v resistance_n and_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o countermarch_v both_o file_n and_o rank_n three_o divers_a way_n apiece_o the_o first_o be_v use_v by_o the_o macedonian_n file_n after_o this_o fashion_n first_o the_o leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o the_o next_o follower_n march_v behind_o his_o leader_n turn_v also_o macedonica_fw-la and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o until_o the_o bringer_n up_o have_v carry_v himself_o out_o into_o a_o new_a place_n in_o the_o rear_n further_o from_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o be_v before_o next_o unto_o he_o but_o this_o neither_o be_v nor_o be_v account_v safe_a or_o secure_a because_o it_o do_v somewhat_o resemble_v a_o fly_a or_o run_v away_o from_o the_o enemy_n which_o may_v give_v he_o no_o small_a encouragement_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o practice_n only_o at_o some_o time_n the_o bringer_n up_o march_v throughout_o beyond_o the_o leader_n until_o they_o possess_v the_o same_o space_n before_o they_o which_o they_o do_v behind_o they_o all_o turn_v their_o face_n about_o make_v their_o leader_n to_o affront_v the_o enemy_n who_o be_v before_o far_a from_o they_o the_o lacedamonian_o use_v the_o contrary_a through_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n the_o bringer_n up_o first_o be_v turn_v face_n about_o and_o so_o the_o next_o march_v before_o he_o and_o so_o the_o three_o evolutio_fw-la until_o the_o leader_n himself_o become_v also_o turn_v and_o in_o the_o foremost_a front_n unto_o the_o enemy_n which_o with_o we_o be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o but_o yet_o both_o affront_a and_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n because_o our_o leader_n first_o begin_v this_o motion_n and_o so_o countermarch_v through_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n become_v in_o the_o front_n in_o a_o new_a space_n of_o ground_n who_o be_v before_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o persian_n who_o when_o the_o place_n or_o near_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o change_v their_o ground_n stand_v they_o be_v wont_n to_o countermarch_n the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o stand_v still_o until_o the_o other_o half_a file_n have_v likewise_o march_v forth_o and_o fall_v upon_o their_o leader_n in_o every_o file_n in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v especial_o command_v evolutio_fw-la to_o march_v still_o in_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o by_o whole_a rank_n to_o prevent_v confusion_n which_o especial_o the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n must_v needs_o be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o like_a sort_n the_o rank_n may_v countermarch_n when_o either_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o left_a rank_n or_o the_o leave_v by_o the_o right_n always_o march_v by_o whole_a file_n towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o direction_n either_o change_v the_o ground_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n as_o in_o the_o former_a countermarche_n there_o be_v use_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o strengthen_v both_o the_o front_n and_o flank_v when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v viz_o by_o double_v either_o file_n or_o rank_n and_o this_o either_o by_o double_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o same_o file_n or_o rank_n keep_v still_o the_o same_o breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o ground_n hand_n or_o else_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n keep_v the_o same_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o file_n be_v double_v when_o the_o second_o file_n shall_v insert_v itself_o into_o the_o first_o the_o leader_n thereof_o put_v himself_o a_o follower_n unto_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o man_n and_o the_o next_o follower_n follower_n to_o the_o next_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forward_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n insert_v itself_o into_o the_o three_o and_o the_o six_o into_o the_o five_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v when_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o his_o order_n to_o double_v the_o place_n or_o depth_n altitudinem_fw-la be_v when_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n shall_v put_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o order_n into_o their_o open_a order_n ground_n either_o by_o advance_v forward_o or_o by_o fall_v backward_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v the_o rank_n be_v double_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n troop_n either_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o into_o the_o first_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o before_z in_o the_o file_n or_o else_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n by_o join_v whole_a troop_n together_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a wing_n according_a as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v longitudinem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o safe_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n it_o be_v perform_v either_o in_o the_o same_o ground_n or_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n when_o either_o we_o desire_v to_o exceed_v the_o front_n of_o our_o enemy_n his_o battallion_n or_o to_o prevent_v lest_o we_o ourselves_o be_v include_v the_o term_n to_o both_o be_v double_v your_o file_n or_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o when_o you_o will_v have_v they_o return_v again_o into_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v command_v as_o you_o be_v the_o ordinary_a direction_n which_o be_v especial_o give_v in_o these_o martial_a exercise_n be_v first_o that_o no_o man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o exercise_v or_o marshal_n shall_v be_v loud_o than_o his_o officer_n keep_v but_o every_o one_o attend_v to_o his_o place_n when_o he_o be_v command_v shall_v diligent_o hearken_v to_o such_o direction_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v the_o captain_n in_o the_o front_n shall_v speak_v and_o the_o sergeant_n in_o each_o flank_n shall_v give_v the_o word_n unto_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o ensign_n
reduction_n of_o africa_n wherein_o be_v place_v iuba_n son_n as_o a_o captive_a as_o for_o the_o battle_n against_o pompey_n caesar_n will_v not_o triumph_v for_o it_o because_o it_o be_v against_o roman_a citizen_n these_o triumph_n end_v and_o great_a reward_n scatter_v among_o the_o soldiery_n who_o have_v be_v assistant_n in_o so_o great_a transaction_n the_o people_n be_v also_o entertain_v with_o feast_n sport_n and_o present_n caesar_n be_v choose_v the_o four_o time_n consul_n but_o there_o yet_o remain_v some_o sword-work_n to_o do_v for_o cneius_n pompeius_n great_a pompey_n son_n have_v get_v together_o most_o of_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o african_a army_n and_o be_v go_v into_o spain_n to_o join_v with_o his_o brother_n sextus_n who_o as_o be_v hint_v before_o be_v there_o and_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n with_o the_o city_n of_o sevill_n and_o cordova_n the_o spaniard_n be_v ready_a enough_o to_o come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n caesar_n take_v with_o he_o his_o most_o experience_a veterane_n soldier_n and_o with_o extraordinary_a speed_n arrive_v in_o spain_n within_o a_o few_o day_n be_v accompany_v with_o his_o nephew_n octavius_n who_o be_v about_o sixteen_o year_n of_o age._n be_v come_v into_o baetica_n now_o andaluzia_n where_o the_o two_o pompey_n be_v with_o such_o legion_n as_o they_o have_v get_v together_o he_o soon_o begin_v a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a war_n whereof_o to_o be_v short_a the_o issue_n be_v this_o caesar_n and_o cneius_n sextus_n be_v in_o cordova_n near_o munda_n join_v battle_n which_o prove_v the_o sharp_a and_o most_o obstinate_a that_o ever_o be_v it_o last_v almost_o a_o whole_a day_n and_o that_o with_o such_o indifference_n as_o to_o point_v of_o victory_n that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v sometime_o to_o one_o side_n sometime_o to_o another_o suetonius_n and_o eutropius_n tell_v we_o that_o caesar_n one_o time_n upon_o his_o man_n give_v ground_n be_v in_o such_o a_o plunge_n that_o he_o be_v almost_o resolve_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o so_o to_o have_v avoid_v the_o shame_n and_o dishonour_n of_o be_v conquer_v and_o that_o in_o that_o heat_n of_o indignation_n and_o despair_n he_o snatch_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o his_o soldier_n say_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n as_o plutarch_n relate_v if_o you_o be_v not_o ashamed_a leave_v i_o or_o deliver_v i_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o these_o boy_n for_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o my_o life_n and_o your_o honour_n with_o which_o word_n the_o soldier_n be_v animate_v and_o heighten_v by_o his_o example_n regain_v their_o lose_a ground_n turn_n by_o degree_n the_o scale_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o towards_o the_o evening_n the_o enemy_n faint_v and_o fly_v become_v apparent_a victor_n the_o enemy_n lose_v in_o this_o field_n 30000._o man_n caesar_n beside_o the_o common_a soldiery_n 1000_o all_o person_n of_o quality_n this_o do_v caesar_n account_v the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o his_o victory_n the_o commemoration_n of_o hazard_n and_o suffering_n be_v to_o some_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n conceivable_a for_o he_o will_v often_o say_v afterward_o that_o at_o other_o time_n he_o fight_v for_o fame_n and_o victory_n but_o that_o that_o day_n he_o fight_v for_o his_o life_n which_o he_o have_v never_o fight_v for_o before_o pompey_n who_o have_v perform_v all_o that_o a_o wise_a and_o stout_a captain_n can_v persecute_v by_o a_o malicious_a fortune_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n escape_v by_o flight_n but_o be_v hopeless_a and_o refugelesse_a he_o be_v at_o last_o surprise_v by_o some_o of_o caesar_n friend_n kill_v and_o his_o head_n bring_v to_o he_o which_o be_v also_o the_o fate_n of_o labienus_n sextus_n upon_o this_o quit_v cordova_n and_o short_o after_o spain_n leave_v all_o to_o caesar_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n reduce_v and_o settle_v the_o whole_a country_n which_o do_v he_o return_v to_o rome_n and_o triumph_n for_o the_o war_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v his_o five_o and_o last_o triumph_n have_v thus_o conquer_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o by_o consequence_n gain_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o most_o powerful_a man_n in_o it_o it_o be_v at_o least_o a_o pardonable_a ambition_n if_o he_o think_v no_o title_n name_n or_o dignity_n too_o great_a for_o he_o it_o require_v some_o faith_n to_o believe_v that_o such_o vast_a body_n as_o roman_a army_n consist_v of_o many_o legion_n can_v at_o a_o ordinary_a rate_n march_v through_o so_o many_o country_n and_o cross_v so_o many_o sea_n have_v they_o have_v no_o enemy_n to_o engage_v but_o to_o conquer_v they_o transcend_v it_o and_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o miracle_n for_o within_o less_o than_o five_o year_n through_o infinite_a conquest_n and_o victory_n he_o consummate_v the_o roman_a monarchy_n make_v himself_o perpetual_a dictator_n sovereign_a lord_n or_o emperor_n which_o late_a title_n though_o it_o have_v not_o that_o height_n of_o signification_n which_o his_o successor_n have_v raise_v it_o to_o yet_o be_v it_o the_o great_a attribution_n of_o honour_n which_o that_o or_o after-age_n have_v acknowledge_v but_o if_o his_o thought_n be_v so_o high_a and_o his_o ambition_n so_o exorbitant_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o severe_a censure_n certain_o it_o may_v prove_v so_o much_o the_o more_o excusable_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v inflame_v by_o the_o general_a acclamation_n and_o acknowledgement_n for_o both_o the_o senate_n and_o peole_n of_o rome_n some_o out_o of_o fear_n some_o out_o of_o affection_n some_o out_o of_o dissimulation_n be_v forward_o enough_o to_o invent_v those_o appellation_n of_o honour_n and_o preeminence_n and_o afterward_o to_o elevate_v they_o to_o the_o height_n of_o his_o ambitious_a mind_n hence_o be_v he_o call_v emperor_n father_n restorer_n and_o preserver_n of_o his_o country_n hence_o create_v perpetual_a dictator_n and_o consul_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o perpetual_a censor_n of_o their_o custom_n his_o statue_n erect_v among_o the_o king_n of_o rome_n hence_o he_o have_v his_o throne_n and_o chair_n of_o state_n in_o the_o theatre_n and_o temple_n which_o as_o also_o all_o public_a place_n be_v fill_v with_o his_o picture_n and_o image_n nay_o their_o adoration_n ascend_v to_o that_o point_n that_o from_o these_o humane_a honour_n they_o attribute_v to_o he_o divine_a find_v marble_n little_a enough_o for_o temple_n and_o statue_n for_o he_o which_o be_v dedicate_v to_o he_o with_o the_o same_o veneration_n as_o to_o their_o god_n and_o metal_n little_a enough_o to_o represent_v his_o high_a and_o almost_o incredible_a adventure_n but_o all_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o so_o many_o nation_n as_o he_o have_v conquer_v be_v inconsiderable_a as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o mind_n whereby_o we_o may_v see_v what_o small_a acquaintance_n there_o be_v between_o ambition_n and_o acquiescence_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o have_v be_v personal_o engage_v in_o fifty_o signal_n battle_n and_o to_o have_v lay_v with_o their_o belly_n to_o the_o sun_n a_o million_o ninety_o and_o odd_a thousand_o man_n abate_v all_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n but_o there_o yet_o remain_v something_o to_o do_v great_a than_o all_o this_o the_o fierce_a parthian_n break_v his_o sleep_n they_o be_v yet_o unconquered_a which_o once_o do_v it_o be_v easy_a like_a lightning_n to_o pass_v through_o hyrcania_n and_o other_o country_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o so_o scour_v the_o province_n of_o scythia_n asiatica_fw-la and_o so_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n tanais_n to_o come_v into_o europe_n and_o bring_v in_o germany_n and_o the_o border_a province_n under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o roman_a eagle_n in_o order_n to_o this_o expedition_n have_v he_o in_o sundry_a place_n raise_v 10000_o horse_n and_o 16._o legion_n of_o choice_a foot_n but_o another_o great_a power_n think_v fit_a he_o shall_v leave_v some_o work_n for_o his_o successor_n nay_o some_o thing_n he_o aim_v at_o beyond_o man_n attempt_n correct_v even_o nature_n itself_o as_o that_o design_n of_o make_v peloponnesus_n a_o island_n by_o cut_v of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o be_v between_o the_o aegeaan_n and_o ionian_a sea_n he_o think_v to_o have_v alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o aâ—ien_n and_o make_v they_o navigable_a for_o ship_n of_o the_o great_a burden_n he_o have_v begin_v to_o level_v diverse_a hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o italy_n and_o to_o dry_v up_o lake_n and_o fen_n he_o re-edify_v and_o re-peopled_n the_o once_o famous_a carthage_n and_o corinth_n these_o and_o many_o other_o thing_n he_o have_v do_v without_o doubt_n have_v not_o a_o unexpected_a and_o barbarous_a death_n surprise_v he_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o designation_n which_o because_o it_o be_v the_o tragical_a part_n of_o this_o relation_n we_o
bank_n do_v natural_o second_v their_o violent_a impression_n neither_o can_v the_o shock_n at_o handy-blowe_n be_v any_o thing_n so_o furious_a which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o great_a respect_n in_o their_o battle_n when_o the_o soldier_n spend_v their_o strength_n in_o franchise_v the_o in_o jury_n of_o a_o rise_a mountain_n as_o when_o the_o place_n by_o a_o natural_a inclination_n do_v further_o their_o course_n and_o to_o conclude_v if_o the_o battle_n succeed_v not_o according_a to_o theâ—_n desire_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o place_n afford_v they_o mean_n of_o a_o strong_a retreat_n in_o the_o high_a part_n whereof_o they_o have_v common_o their_o camp_n well_o fence_v and_o fortify_v against_o all_o chance_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o the_o upper_a ground_n be_v of_o like_a use_n in_o regard_n of_o our_o weapon_n i_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o skirmish_n of_o shot_n i_o take_v the_o advantage_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a ground_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o piece_n be_v hasty_o charge_v as_o common_o they_o be_v after_o the_o first_o volley_n if_o the_o bullet_n chance_v to_o lie_v loose_a when_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v low_a than_o the_o breech_n it_o must_v needs_o fly_v at_o random_n and_o be_v altogether_o uneffectual_a but_o when_o the_o nose_n shall_v be_v raise_v upward_o to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n the_o bullet_n be_v ram_v in_o with_o his_o own_o weight_n shall_v fly_v with_o great_a certainty_n and_o fury_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o powder_n to_o be_v such_o that_o the_o more_o it_o be_v stop_v and_o shut_v in_o the_o more_o it_o seek_v to_o enlarge_v his_o room_n and_o break_v forth_o with_o great_a violence_n and_o fury_n concern_v other_o weapon_n i_o take_v the_o upper_a ground_n in_o the_o shock_n and_o encounter_v to_o be_v advantageous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o sword_n as_o the_o pike_n and_o will_v deserve_v as_o great_a respect_n if_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v by_o these_o weapon_n as_o seldom_o time_n it_o be_v the_o second_o observation_n by_o causidius_n his_o demeanour_n we_o see_v that_o verify_v which_o physician_n affirm_v that_o nothing_o will_v soon_o carry_v our_o judgement_n out_o of_o her_o proper_a seat_n than_o the_o passion_n of_o fear_n and_o that_o among_o soldier_n themselves_o who_o custom_n have_v make_v familiar_o acquaint_v with_o horror_n and_o death_n it_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v a_o flock_n of_o sheep_n into_o a_o squadron_n of_o corselet_n and_o a_o few_o cane_n or_o olier_n into_o pike_n and_o lancier_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o advise_v a_o discreet_a general_n not_o easy_o to_o credit_v a_o relation_n of_o that_o nature_n when_o a_o man_n of_o reputation_n in_o so_o perfect_a a_o discipline_n and_o so_o experience_v in_o the_o service_n of_o three_o famous_a chief_n be_v so_o surprise_v with_o fear_n that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v his_o friend_n from_o his_o enemy_n but_o i_o will_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o passion_n in_o the_o war_n with_o aâ—â—ovistus_n the_o three_o observation_n in_o every_o relation_n throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o this_o history_n victual_v the_o first_o word_n be_v common_o these_o re_fw-mi frumentaria_fw-la comparata_fw-la as_o the_o foundation_n and_o strength_n of_o every_o expedition_n without_o which_o no_o man_n can_v manage_v a_o war_n according_a to_o the_o true_a maxim_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o art_n military_a but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o relieve_v that_o inconvenience_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o other_o advantage_n of_o great_a consequence_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o gaspar_n the_o coligm_n that_o famous_a admiral_n of_o france_n among_o other_o oracle_n of_o truth_n wherewith_o his_o mind_n be_v marvellous_o enrich_v often_o to_o use_v this_o say_n that_o he_o that_o will_v shape_v that_o beast_n mean_v war_n must_v begin_v with_o the_o belly_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v diligent_o observe_v by_o caesar_n who_o best_o know_v how_o to_o express_v the_o true_a portraiture_n of_o that_o beast_n in_o due_a proportion_n and_o lively_a resemblance_n the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v at_o the_o day_n of_o measure_v to_o give_v corn_n to_o every_o particular_a soldier_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o be_v common_o desined_a by_o circumstance_n and_o by_o the_o measure_n which_o be_v give_v they_o they_o know_v the_o day_n of_o the_o next_o payment_n for_o every_o footman_n receive_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o a_o bushel_n a_o week_n which_o be_v think_v sufficient_a for_o he_o and_o his_o servant_n for_o if_o they_o have_v pay_v they_o their_o whole_a stipend_n in_o money_n it_o may_v have_v be_v waste_v in_o unnecessary_a expense_n but_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o provision_n for_o the_o time_n determine_v and_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n be_v provident_o care_v for_o by_o the_o general_n the_o corn_n be_v deliver_v out_o be_v husband_v ground_n with_o hand-mille_n which_o they_o carry_v always_o with_o they_o and_o make_v into_o hasty_a cake_n dainty_a enough_o for_o a_o soldier_n mouth_n by_o no_o other_o but_o themselves_o and_o their_o servant_n neither_o can_v they_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o for_o bread_n for_o sallust_n reckon_v this_o up_o among_o other_o dishonour_n of_o the_o discipline_n corrupt_v that_o the_o soldier_n sell_v away_o their_o corn_n which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o treasurer_n and_o buy_v their_o bread_n by_o the_o day_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o provision_n have_v many_o special_a commodity_n which_o be_v not_o incident_a to_o our_o custom_n of_o victual_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o victualler_n shall_v follow_v a_o army_n upon_o a_o service_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o day_n together_o with_o sufficient_a provision_n for_o a_o army_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o general_n can_v attend_v advantage_n and_o fit_a opportunity_n which_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v often_o offer_v but_o be_v force_v either_o to_o hazard_v the_o whole_a upon_o unequal_a term_n or_o to_o found_v a_o unwilling_a retreat_n and_o whereas_o the_o victualler_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n voluntary_a respect_v nothing_o but_o their_o gain_n and_o the_o soldier_n on_o the_o other_o side_n careless_a of_o the_o morrow_n and_o prodigal_a of_o the_o present_a in_o that_o turbulent_a marre-market_n where_o the_o seller_n have_v a_o eye_n only_o to_o his_o particular_a and_o the_o buyer_n respect_v neither_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o his_o private_a commodity_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v look_v for_o but_o famine_n and_o confusion_n whereas_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o manner_n of_o provision_n impose_v the_o general_a care_n of_o the_o public_a good_a upon_o the_o chief_a commander_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o provide_v store_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o army_n and_o the_o particular_a care_n upon_o every_o private_a soldier_n who_o it_o especial_o concern_v to_o see_v that_o the_o allowance_n which_o the_o commonweal_n have_v in_o plentiful_a manner_n give_v he_o for_o his_o maintenance_n may_v not_o be_v waste_v through_o negligence_n or_o prodigality_n which_o excellent_a order_n the_o nature_n of_o our_o victual_n will_v no_o way_n admit_v their_o province_n and_o the_o next_o confederate_a state_n furnish_v their_o army_n continual_o with_o corn_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o for_o provision_n of_o grain_n he_o depend_v altogether_o upon_o the_o hedui_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n country_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o reap_v and_o gather_v corn_n and_o deliver_v it_o thresh_v and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o treasurer_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v until_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n but_o to_o leave_v this_o fiugall_a and_o provident_a manner_n of_o provision_n as_o unpossible_a to_o be_v amitate_v by_o this_o age_n let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o history_n and_o see_v how_o the_o helvetian_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o probable_a error_n to_o their_o last_o overthrow_n chap._n vii_o the_o helvetian_o follow_v after_o caesar_n and_o overtake_v the_o rearward_n he_o imbattail_v his_o legion_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o battle_n whereof_o the_o enemy_n be_v advertise_v by_o certain_a fugitive_n of_o the_o troup_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o l._n emilius_n caesar_n present_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o think_v the_o roman_n do_v turn_v away_o for_o fear_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o day_n before_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n they_o refuse_v to_o sight_n or_o whether_o they_o think_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o provision_n of_o corn_n they_o alter_v their_o purpose_n and_o turn_v back_o again_o begin_v to_o attack_v our_o man_n in_o the_o rear_n which_o caesar_n perceive_v draw_v his_o force_n to_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o send_v the_o cavalry_n
for_o that_o it_o jump_v with_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o condition_n for_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o do_v well_o when_o well-doing_n agree_v with_o that_o they_o will_v do_v otherwise_o the_o act_n may_v happy_o be_v effect_v but_o the_o mind_n never_o approve_v it_o by_o assent_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o exhortation_n or_o speech_n of_o encouragement_n be_v never_o emit_v by_o caesar_n in_o any_o conflict_n mention_v in_o this_o historic_n but_o he_o still_o use_v it_o as_o a_o necessary_a instrument_n to_o set_v virtue_n on_o foot_n and_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o stir_v up_o alacrity_n or_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o his_o man_n be_v at_o any_o time_n discourage_v by_o disaster_n or_o cross_a accident_n gallico_n as_o they_o be_v at_o gergobia_n and_o at_o the_o two_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la he_o never_o will_v adventure_v to_o give_v battle_n until_o he_o have_v encourage_v they_o again_o and_o confirm_v their_o mind_n in_o valour_n and_o resolution_n but_o this_o age_n have_v put_v on_o so_o scornful_a a_o humour_n that_o it_o can_v hear_v a_o speech_n in_o this_o key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilent_a pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o lose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoever_o else_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n describe_v which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o three_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand-breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o upto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_o this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v roman_n of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o inform_v or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper-wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot-spirited_n enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_n the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upn_v they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n salusâ—_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v pointblank_o and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light-armed_n enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_o faint_v in_o the_o battle_n retire_v to_o a_o hill_n the_o roman_n follow_v after_o and_o the_o battle_n be_v continue_v the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o the_o helvetian_o the_o hill_n be_v take_v and_o the_o legion_n follow_v on_o to_o drive_v they_o from_o thence_o the_o boii_n and_o â—ulingi_fw-la to_o the_o number_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o guard_v the_o lag_a of_o their_o army_n set_v on_o our_o man_n as_o they_o be_v in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o rest_n do_v charge_v they_o upon_o the_o open_a side_n and_o begin_v to_o enclose_v they_o about_o which_o the_o helvetian_o that_o have_v get_v the_o hill_n perceive_v begin_v again_o to_o fall_v upon_o our_o man_n and_o renew_v the_o battle_n the_o roman_n divide_v themselves_o turn_v their_o ensign_n two_o way_n the_o first_o and_o second_o army_n fight_v against_o the_o helvetian_o that_o return_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o three_o battle_n take_v charge_n of_o they_o that_o stand_v ready_a to_o enclose_v they_o about_o and_o here_o the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o furious_a for_o a_o long_a time_n until_o at_o length_n they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n and_o so_o one_o part_n betake_v themselves_o as_o at_o the_o first_o to_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o place_n where_o their_o cart_n and_o baggage_n be_v lodge_v and_o hitherto_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n in_o all_o this_o conflict_n although_o the_o fight_v continue_v from_o the_o seven_o hour_n until_o the_o evening_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n roman_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o chief_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v a_o eagle_n which_o always_o attend_v upon_o the_o primipile_n or_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o say_a legion_n the_o ensign_n of_o
target_n be_v of_o such_o reputation_n among_o the_o roman_a arm_n and_o challenge_v such_o interest_n in_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n let_v we_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o use_n &_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v better_a understand_v then_o by_o that_o comparison_n which_o polybius_n have_v make_v between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macodonian_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v it_o in_o these_o discourse_n and_o thus_o it_o follow_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o macedonian_a weapon_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o six_o book_n that_o i_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o macedonian_n and_o that_o i_o will_v likewise_o write_v of_o the_o disposition_n of_o either_o of_o their_o army_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o what_o regard_n the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v either_o inferior_a or_o superior_a which_o promise_v i_o will_v now_o with_o diligence_n endeavour_v to_o perform_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o army_n of_o the_o macedonian_n have_v give_v so_o good_a testimony_n of_o themselves_o by_o their_o action_n by_o overcome_v the_o army_n as_o well_o of_o asia_n as_o of_o greece_n and_o that_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v as_o well_o those_o of_o africa_n as_o all_o the_o eastern_a country_n of_o europe_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o but_o very_o profitable_a to_o search_v out_o the_o difference_n of_o either_o especial_o see_v that_o these_o our_o time_n have_v not_o once_o but_o many_o time_n see_v trial_n both_o of_o their_o battle_n and_o force_n that_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o in_o their_o battle_n carry_v away_o the_o better_a we_o do_v not_o as_o vain_a man_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v attribute_v the_o same_o to_o fortune_n and_o esteem_v they_o without_o reason_n happy_a victor_n but_o rather_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n we_o give_v they_o their_o due_a praise_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n and_o sound_a judgement_n concern_v the_o battle_n between_o hannibal_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o concern_v the_o roman_n loss_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o i_o speak_v much_o for_o their_o loss_n be_v neither_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o defect_n of_o their_o arm_n or_o disposition_n of_o their_o army_n but_o to_o the_o dexterity_n and_o industry_n of_o hannibal_n but_o we_o have_v entreat_v thereof_o when_o we_o make_v mention_v of_o the_o battle_n themselves_o and_o the_o end_n itself_o of_o that_o war_n do_v especial_o confirm_v this_o our_o opinion_n for_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o captain_n equal_a with_o hannibal_n even_o consequent_o he_o with_o all_o his_o victory_n vanish_v and_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o overcome_v the_o roman_n but_o by_o and_o by_o reject_v his_o own_o weapon_n he_o train_v his_o army_n to_o their_o weapon_n and_o so_o take_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o continue_v they_o on_o unto_o the_o end_n and_o pyrrhus_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v both_o their_o weapon_n and_o order_n &_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medley_n both_o of_o the_o cohort_n and_o phalanx_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v he_o not_o to_o get_v the_o victory_n but_o always_o the_o event_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o make_v the_o same_o doubtful_a concern_v who_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_a that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o lest_o in_o be_v altogether_o silent_a it_o may_v seem_v to_o prejudice_v this_o my_o opinion_n but_o notwithstanding_o i_o will_v hasten_v to_o my_o purpose_a comparison_n now_o touch_v the_o phalanx_n if_o it_o have_v the_o disposition_n and_o force_n proper_a to_o it_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v itself_o against_o it_o or_o to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o as_o may_v easy_o by_o many_o document_n be_v approve_v for_o when_o a_o arm_a man_n do_v stand_v firm_a in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o so_o thick_a a_o array_n of_o battle_n and_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o basis_n or_o scantling_n sixteen_o foot_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a and_o right_a conveniency_n of_o they_o fourteen_o cubit_n out_o of_o which_o be_v take_v four_o allow_v for_o the_o space_n between_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o support_v the_o same_o and_o the_o butt_n end_n thereof_o while_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o attend_v the_o encounter_n be_v thus_o order_v i_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o length_n of_o ten_o cubit_n do_v extend_v itself_o before_o the_o body_n of_o every_o arm_a man_n where_o with_o both_o his_o hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o the_o phalanx_n have_v his_o proper_a and_o due_a thickness_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a disposition_n both_o on_o the_o side_n and_o behind_o as_o homer_n make_v mention_v when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o target_n do_v enclose_v and_o fortify_v another_o one_o head-piece_n be_v join_v to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v unite_v &_o close_o together_o these_o circumstance_n be_v right_o and_o true_o set_v down_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o every_o former_a rank_n in_o the_o phalanx_n do_v extend_v themselves_o two_o cubit_n before_o each_o other_o which_o proportion_n of_o difference_n they_o have_v between_o themselves_o by_o which_o may_v evident_o be_v see_v the_o assault_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o whole_a phalanx_n what_o it_o be_v and_o what_o force_n it_o have_v consist_v of_o sixteen_o rank_n in_o depth_n or_o thickness_n the_o excess_n of_o which_o number_n of_o rank_n above_o five_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o can_v commodious_o couch_v their_o pike_n without_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o former_a the_o point_n of_o they_o not_o be_v long_a enough_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o beyond_o the_o foremost_a rank_n they_o grow_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o can_v man_v by_o man_n make_v any_o impression_n or_o assault_n but_o serve_v only_o by_o lay_v their_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o those_o which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o sustain_v and_o hold_v up_o the_o sway_v and_o give_v back_o of_o the_o former_a rank_n which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o front_n may_v stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o with_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o pike_n they_o do_v repel_v all_o those_o dart_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v before_o will_v annoy_v those_o rank_n which_o be_v more_o backward_o and_o far_o by_o move_v forward_o with_o the_o force_n of_o their_o body_n they_o do_v so_o press_v upon_o the_o former_a that_o they_o do_v make_v a_o most_o violent_a impression_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o foremost_a rank_n shall_v give_v back_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o general_a and_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n we_o must_v now_o speak_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n touch_v the_o property_n and_o difference_n as_o well_o of_o the_o arm_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_a battle_n for_o every_o roman_a soldier_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o weapon_n be_v allow_v three_o foot_n to_o stand_v in_o and_o in_o the_o encounter_n be_v move_v man_n by_o man_n every_o one_o cover_v himself_o with_o his_o target_n and_o mutual_o move_v whensoever_o there_o be_v occasion_n offer_v but_o those_o which_o use_v their_o sword_n do_v fight_n in_o a_o more_o thin_a and_o distinct_a order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v three_o foot_n more_o allow_v they_o to_o stand_v in_o both_o from_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n and_o from_o back_n to_o belly_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o weapon_n with_o the_o better_a commodity_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o roman_a soldier_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o two_o of_o those_o which_o be_v to_o encounter_v he_o of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n so_o that_o one_o roman_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o oppose_v himself_o against_o ten_o pike_n which_o pike_n the_o say_v one_o soldier_n can_v neither_o by_o any_o agility_n come_v to_o offend_v or_o else_o at_o handy_a blow_n otherwise_o annoy_v and_o those_o which_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v not_o only_o unable_a to_o repel_v their_o force_n but_o also_o with_o conveniency_n to_o use_v their_o own_o weapon_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o battle_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o front_n of_o a_o phalanx_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o if_o it_o have_v
have_v bring_v out_o of_o aquitain_n observation_n it_o seem_v by_o this_o place_n archery_n that_o france_n in_o those_o day_n do_v favour_n archery_n for_o as_o the_o story_n say_v they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o archer_n among_o they_o but_o of_o what_o value_n they_o be_v be_v not_o here_o deliver_v the_o use_n they_o make_v of_o they_o follow_v after_o in_o this_o commentary_n which_o be_v to_o intermingle_v they_o among_o the_o horse_n and_o so_o they_o fight_v as_o light-armed_n man_n in_o the_o time_n that_o our_o english_a nation_n carry_v a_o scourge_v hand_n in_o france_n the_o matter_n between_o we_o and_o they_o touch_v archery_n stand_v in_o such_o term_n as_o give_v england_n great_a advantage_n for_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o bowman_n at_o all_o among_o they_o whereas_o our_o nation_n have_v heretofore_o excel_v all_o other_o as_o well_o in_o number_n of_o bowman_n as_o in_o excellent_a good_a shoot_v and_o have_v make_v so_o good_a proof_n thereof_o against_o the_o french_a as_o it_o need_v not_o any_o long_a dispute_n archery_n concern_v archery_n i_o find_v these_o thing_n considerable_a first_o that_o every_o man_n be_v so_o fit_v with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n head_n as_o he_o may_v be_v apt_a for_o strong_a and_o quick_a shoot_v wherein_o i_o can_v so_o much_o commend_v these_o livery_n bow_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n heavy_a slug_n and_o of_o great_a weight_n than_o strength_n and_o of_o more_o show_n than_o service_n second_o that_o in_o a_o day_n of_o service_n the_o bowman_n endeavour_v so_o to_o deliver_v their_o quiver_n that_o the_o whole_a band_n or_o sleeve_n of_o shot_n may_v let_v go_v all_o at_o one_o instant_a of_o time_n for_o so_o the_o shower_n of_o arrow_n will_v be_v more_o fierce_a and_o terrible_a and_o more_o available_a against_o a_o enemy_n three_o body_n the_o fit_a form_n of_o imbattel_v for_o bowman_n which_o must_v not_o at_o any_o hand_n be_v deep_a in_o slank_n for_o so_o such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o hindmost_a rank_n will_v either_o shoot_v short_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o the_o fit_a form_n of_o imbattel_v for_o archery_n have_v ever_o be_v account_v a_o long-sided_a square_n resemble_v a_o hearse_n hearse_n broad_a in_o front_n and_o narrow_a in_o flank_n four_o their_o defance_n in_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n which_o must_v either_o be_v a_o covert_a woody_a place_n where_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o enemy_n can_v come_v at_o they_o or_o a_o trench_n cast_v before_o they_o or_o the_o place_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o galthrop_n and_o stake_n such_o as_o be_v devise_v by_o henry_n the_o five_o at_o agincourt_n field_n or_o some_o other_o mean_n to_o avoid_v the_o cavalry_n the_o last_o thing_n be_v the_o effect_n which_o the_o bowman_n work_v holinshed_a which_o be_v two_o first_o the_o gall_v of_o the_o enemy_n effect_n and_o second_o disorder_n touch_v the_o gall_v of_o the_o enemy_n enemy_n there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a description_n then_o that_o which_o plutarch_n make_v of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o parthian_a arrow_n crassus_n the_o roman_a soldier_n hand_n say_v he_o be_v nail_v to_o their_o target_n disorder_n and_o their_o foot_n to_o the_o ground_n or_o otherwise_o be_v sore_o wound_v in_o their_o body_n and_o die_v of_o a_o cruel_a linger_a death_n cry_v out_o for_o anguish_n and_o pain_n they_o feel_v and_o turn_v &_o torment_v themselves_o upon_o the_o ground_n they_o break_v the_o arrow_n stick_v in_o they_o again_o strive_v by_o force_n to_o pluck_v out_o the_o barb_a head_n that_o have_v pierce_v far_o into_o their_o body_n through_o their_o vein_n and_o sinew_n they_o open_v the_o wound_n wide_a and_o so_o cast_v themselves_o away_o the_o disorder_n or_o rout_v of_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o bowman_n come_v from_o the_o fearful_a spectacle_n of_o a_o drift_n of_o arrow_n for_o a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n well_o deliver_v and_o well_o second_v for_o a_o while_o be_v so_o terrible_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o so_o dreadful_a in_o the_o success_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o unpossible_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o rout_v the_o two_o great_a victory_n which_o our_o nation_n have_v in_o france_n at_o cressie_n and_o agincourt_n next_o to_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o english_a be_v attribute_v to_o our_o archery_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o our_o archery_n at_o those_o time_n be_v first_o disorder_n and_o consequent_o slaughter_n cressie_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o cressie_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n fight_v for_o the_o french_a cause_v his_o horseman_n to_o tie_v the_o bridle_n of_o their_o horse_n together_o in_o rank_n that_o they_o may_v keep_v order_n notwithstanding_o the_o gall_v which_o he_o fear_v from_o our_o english_a archery_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o as_o ill_a as_o if_o he_o have_v tie_v their_o head_n and_o their_o tail_n together_o in_o file_n for_o the_o drift_n of_o arrow_n fall_v so_o terrible_o among_o they_o that_o they_o run_v together_o on_o heap_n with_o such_o confusion_n as_o make_v the_o slaughter_n great_a and_o their_o particular_a destiny_n most_o miserable_o fortune_v agincourt_n at_o agincourt_n the_o number_n of_o prisoner_n which_o every_o soldier_n have_v be_v admirable_a to_o speak_v of_o for_o some_o report_n that_o many_o of_o our_o english_a have_v ten_o prisoner_n apiece_o which_o happen_v chief_o from_o the_o disorder_n which_o fall_v among_o the_o french_a and_o that_o disorder_n come_v by_o our_o archery_n and_o doubtless_o if_o ever_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o go_v against_o a_o enemy_n that_o so_o abound_v in_o horse_n as_o the_o french_a do_v there_o can_v be_v no_o better_a mean_n against_o such_o horse_n than_o our_o english_a bowman_n i_o know_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v alter_v musket_n and_o the_o harquebuse_n and_o musket_n be_v so_o general_o receive_v and_o of_o such_o reputation_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o modern_a war_n that_o in_o comparison_n of_o they_o bowman_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o name_n wherein_o i_o will_v not_o go_v about_o to_o extenuate_v the_o use_n of_o either_o of_o these_o weapon_n as_o know_v they_o to_o be_v both_o very_a serviceable_a upon_o fit_a and_o convenient_a occasion_n nor_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v most_o effectual_a in_o a_o day_n of_o service_n but_o only_o deliver_v my_o conceit_n touch_v their_o effect_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o wise_a and_o discreet_a commander_n and_o first_o touch_v shoot_v prevail_v a_o wing_n of_o musketeer_n be_v available_a against_o a_o enemy_n only_o in_o such_o bullet_n as_o do_v hit_v for_o such_o as_o do_v not_o hit_v pass_v away_o insensible_o without_o any_o further_a fear_n and_o the_o crack_n be_v but_o as_o the_o lose_v of_o the_o bow_n of_o such_o bullet_n as_o do_v hit_v the_o great_a part_n do_v not_o strike_v to_o death_n but_o be_v oftentimes_o carry_v until_o the_o skirmish_n be_v end_v before_o the_o party_n do_v feel_v himself_o hurt_v so_o that_o a_o enemy_n receive_v no_o further_a hurt_n by_o a_o charge_n of_o shot_n then_o happen_v to_o such_o particular_a man_n as_o shall_v chance_v to_o be_v slay_v outright_o or_o sore_o hurt_v enemy_n but_o a_o sleeve_n of_o archer_n be_v available_a against_o a_o enemy_n as_o well_o in_o such_o arrow_n as_o do_v not_o hit_v as_o in_o such_o as_o do_v hit_v for_o whereas_o the_o cloud_n of_o arrow_n be_v subject_a to_o our_o sight_n and_o every_o arrow_n be_v both_o suspect_v and_o able_a to_o bring_v death_n sit_v on_o the_o head_n a_o enemy_n be_v as_o much_o trouble_v at_o such_o arrow_n as_o come_v fair_a upon_o he_o and_o do_v not_o hit_v as_o at_o those_o that_o do_v hit_v for_o no_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o expose_v his_o flesh_n to_o a_o open_a and_o eminent_a danger_n when_o it_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o avoid_v it_o and_o therefore_o while_o every_o man_n seek_v to_o avoid_v hurt_v they_o fall_v into_o such_o confusion_n as_o beside_o the_o loss_n of_o particular_a man_n the_o enemy_n do_v hardly_o escape_v disorder_n which_o be_v the_o great_a disadvantage_n that_o can_v befall_v he_o moreover_o the_o arrow_n have_v barb_a head_n although_o they_o make_v but_o a_o light_a hurt_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o pull_v out_o which_o make_v the_o soldier_n not_o to_o intend_v the_o fight_n until_o they_o be_v deliver_v of_o they_o and_o the_o horse_n so_o to_o fling_v and_o chafe_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v either_o keep_v their_o rank_n or_o be_v otherwise_o manage_v for_o any_o service_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v bowman_n and_o archery_n which_o be_v a_o weapon_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o first_o and_o true_a history_n 3._o and_o be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o such_o weapon_n as_o
desire_v to_o see_v a_o parallel_n draw_v between_o caesar_n and_o the_o other_o leader_n for_o matter_n of_o war_n it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o take_v the_o issue_n for_o a_o square_a of_o their_o direction_n civil_a be_v draw_v to_o this_o head_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v within_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o curio_n note_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o soldier_n cato_n see_v the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n say_v their_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o god_n allude_v peradventure_o to_o that_o of_o plato_n in_o his_o politic_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v age_n wherein_o the_o god_n do_v govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o there_o be_v other_o time_n wherein_o they_o altogether_o neglect_v the_o same_o the_o world_n take_v a_o course_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o god_n direct_v but_o lucan_n speak_v from_o a_o sure_a ground_n where_o he_o say_v victrix_n causa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la the_o conquer_a cause_n please_v jove_n the_o conquer_a cato_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o commentary_n the_o second_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n have_v three_o special_a part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n the_o strange_a work_n and_o extreme_a endeavour_n to_o take_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o town_n the_o second_o express_v the_o vain_a labour_n which_o pompey_n lieutenant_n undertake_v after_o that_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v defeat_v to_o keep_v the_o province_n of_o andaluzia_n out_o of_o caesar_n power_n and_o command_v and_o the_o three_o part_n consist_v of_o the_o expedition_n curio_n make_v into_o africa_n and_o end_v with_o his_o overthrow_n chap._n i._n the_o preparation_n for_o the_o siege_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o town_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o spain_n câ—sar_n c._n trebonius_n the_o legate_n be_v leave_v to_o besiege_v marseilles_n have_v begin_v in_o two_o place_n to_o raise_v mount_n to_o make_v mantelet_n and_o tower_n against_o the_o town_n one_o next_o unto_o the_o port_n where_o the_o ship_n lay_v and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o way_n lead_v from_o gallia_n and_o spain_n into_o the_o town_n just_a upon_o the_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o unto_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr for_o three_o part_n of_o marseilles_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n wash_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o give_v passage_n by_o land_n whereof_o that_o part_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o castle_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n will_v require_v a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n for_o the_o perfect_a of_o those_o work_n trebonius_n have_v command_v out_o of_o all_o the_o province_n great_a store_n of_o horse_n for_o carriage_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n require_v they_o to_o bring_v rod_n to_o make_v hurdle_n and_o other_o material_n for_o the_o work_n which_o be_v prepare_v &_o bring_v together_o he_o raise_v a_o mount_n of_o fourscore_o foot_n high_a but_o such_o be_v the_o provision_n which_o of_o ancient_a time_n they_o have_v store_v up_o in_o the_o town_n of_o all_o equipage_n and_o necessary_n for_o the_o war_n with_o such_o provision_n of_o munition_n and_o engine_n that_o no_o hurdle_n make_v of_o rod_n or_o osier_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v out_o the_o force_n thereof_o for_o out_o of_o their_o great_a balistae_fw-la they_o shoot_v beam_n of_o twelve_o foot_n long_o point_v with_o iron_n with_o such_o force_n as_o they_o will_v pierce_v through_o four_o course_n of_o hurdle_n and_o stick_v in_o the_o earth_n whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o roof_n their_o porticuâ—_fw-la gallery_n with_o timber_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a and_o to_o bring_v matter_n that_o way_n by_o hand_n to_o make_v the_o testudo_fw-la mount_n a_o testudo_fw-la of_o sixty_o foot_n in_o length_n be_v always_o carry_v before_o for_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n make_v of_o mighty_a strong_a timber_n cover_v and_o arm_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o may_v defend_v it_o from_o fire_n and_o stone_n or_o what_o else_o shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o it_o but_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o tower_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o engine_n do_v retard_v and_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n thereof_o moreover_o the_o albici_n do_v make_v often_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o mount_v and_o to_o the_o turret_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o our_o soldier_n with_o great_a facility_n and_o ease_n force_v such_o as_o sally_v out_o to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n observation_n have_v describe_v in_o the_o former_a commentary_n these_o engine_n and_o work_n here_o mention_v the_o reader_n may_v please_v for_o his_o better_a satisfaction_n to_o review_v those_o place_n as_o also_o far_o to_o note_v telum_fw-la that_o the_o word_n artillery_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o these_o age_n from_o the_o use_n of_o ancient_a engine_n which_o consist_v of_o those_o two_o primitives_n arcus_n and_o telum_fw-la and_o according_a as_o diversity_n of_o art_n and_o wit_n find_v mean_n to_o fit_v these_o to_o use_v and_o occasion_n so_o have_v they_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n whereof_o i_o find_v chief_o these_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n tolenones_n scorpiones_fw-la onagri_fw-la of_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v divers_a and_o several_a sort_n as_o first_o of_o the_o balistae_fw-la some_o be_v call_v centenariae_fw-la other_o talentariae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bullet_n or_o weapon_n they_o shoot_v of_o the_o rate_n and_o proportion_n whereof_o vitruvius_n and_o his_o learned_a interpreter_n daniel_n barbarus_fw-la 17._o have_v make_v accurate_a description_n again_o some_o be_v make_v to_o shoot_v stone_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o of_o tacitus_n petrariae_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la eximia_fw-la quartaedecimae_fw-la legionis_fw-la balista_n ingentibus_fw-la saxis_fw-la hostilem_fw-la aciem_fw-la proruebat_fw-la the_o balista_n of_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n be_v a_o exceed_o great_a one_o beat_v down_o the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o huge_a stone_n and_o other_o to_o shoot_v dart_n and_o pile_n of_o timber_n head_v with_o iron_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_v by_o this_o place_n moreover_o the_o manner_n of_o bend_v of_o these_o engine_n make_v a_o difference_n some_o be_v draw_v up_o with_o a_o wrinch_n or_o screw_n and_o some_o with_o a_o wheel_n some_o have_v long_a arm_n and_o other_o have_v short_a but_o the_o string_n be_v general_o either_o all_o of_o sinew_n or_o of_o woman_n hair_n as_o strong_a and_o sure_a of_o any_o other_o kind_n 29._o of_o these_o vegetius_n prefer_v the_o balistae_fw-la and_o the_o onagri_fw-la as_o unresistable_a when_o they_o be_v skilful_o handle_v the_o word_n onagri_fw-la as_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n note_v be_v of_o a_o late_a stamp_n and_o impose_v upon_o those_o engine_n which_o former_a time_n call_v scorpiones_fw-la and_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o wild_a ass_n that_o be_v say_v to_o cast_v stone_n backward_o with_o their_o foot_n at_o the_o hunter_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o dash_v out_o their_o brain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o barbarism_n all_o these_o engine_n be_v general_o call_v mangonella_n as_o appear_v by_o viginâ—rius_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o onosander_n which_o be_v likewise_o show_v by_o that_o which_o mr._n camden_n have_v insert_v in_o the_o description_n of_o bedfordshire_n concern_v the_o siege_n of_o bedford_n castle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o out_o of_o a_o author_n that_o be_v present_a mangle_v exit_fw-la parte_fw-la orientali_fw-la fuit_fw-la una_fw-la petraria_fw-la &_o duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la quotidie_fw-la turrim_fw-la infestabant_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la occidentis_fw-la duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la turrim_fw-la veterem_fw-la contriverunt_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la mangonellum_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la australi_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v place_v one_o engine_n to_o cast_v stone_n and_o two_o mangonel_n which_o continual_o play_v upon_o the_o tower_n and_o on_o the_o west_n side_n two_o mangonel_n which_o beat_v down_o the_o old_a tower_n and_o one_o mangonel_n on_o the_o south_n side_n etc._n etc._n but_o our_o powder_n have_v blow_v all_o these_o out_o of_o use_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o insist_v long_o upon_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o marseillian_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o a_o sea-fight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n l._n nasidius_n be_v send_v by_o cn._n pompeius_n with_o a_o navy_n of_o sixteen_o ship_n among_o which_o some_o few_o have_v their_o beak-head_n of_o iron_n to_o the_o succour_n and_o supply_v of_o l._n domitius_n and_o the_o marseillian_o he_o pass_v the_o straits_n of_o sicily_n messinâ—_n before_o curio_n have_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o put_v
desirous_a to_o have_v fight_v with_o they_o yet_o wonder_v at_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o pitch_v his_o camp_n direct_o over_o against_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o a_o valley_n which_o be_v more_o in_o deepness_n downward_o then_o in_o wideness_n any_o way_n at_o the_o bottom_n this_o camp_n he_o command_v to_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o rampire_n of_o twelve_o foot_n and_o a_o open_a gallery_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o a_o double_a ditch_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fifteen_o foot_n apiece_o with_o side_n plum_n down_o and_o many_o turret_n to_o be_v rear_v of_o three_o story_n high_a and_o to_o be_v join_v together_o with_o draw-bridge_n to_o let_v down_o at_o pleasure_n the_o front_n whereof_o be_v fence_v with_o grate_n of_o wicker_n to_o the_o intent_n the_o enemy_n may_v be_v repulse_v with_o double_a row_n of_o defendant_n of_o which_o the_o one_o from_o the_o bridge_n the_o more_o out_o of_o danger_n they_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n so_o much_o the_o bold_o and_o the_o far_o off_o may_v they_o send_v their_o dart_n the_o other_o the_o near_o they_o be_v place_v to_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o rampire_n so_o much_o the_o better_a shall_v they_o be_v cover_v from_o the_o artillery_n that_o may_v fall_v down_o upon_o they_o and_o over_o the_o gate_n he_o make_v high_a tower_n this_o kind_n of_o fortification_n be_v to_o two_o good_a purpose_n for_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o work_n and_o his_o pretence_n of_o fear_n he_o hope_v to_o put_v the_o barbarous_a gall_n into_o a_o great_a confidence_n and_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o send_v out_o far_o for_o forage_v or_o victual_n he_o see_v that_o the_o camp_n may_v be_v defend_v with_o a_o small_a power_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o fortification_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o mean_a while_n party_n on_o both_o side_n will_v several_a time_n go_v out_o and_o skirmish_n in_o the_o marish_a that_o be_v between_o our_o two_o camp_n the_o which_o oftentimes_o either_o the_o gall_n and_o german_n that_o be_v of_o our_o host_n will_v pass_v and_o eager_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n or_o else_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o enemy_n pass_v over_o it_o do_v send_v our_o man_n far_o off_o it_o happen_v in_o our_o daily_a forage_n as_o there_o be_v no_o other_o shift_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o fetch_v forage_n at_o house_n that_o stand_v scatter_v far_o a_o sunder_a that_o our_o forage_v being_n dissever_v in_o disadvantageous_a place_n be_v entrap_v the_o which_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v some_o loss_n to_o we_o of_o our_o beast_n of_o carriage_n and_o slave_n so_o it_o heighten_v the_o foolish_a courage_n of_o the_o barbarous_a gall_n and_o that_o so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o comius_n of_o arras_n who_o we_o say_v before_o be_v go_v to_o fetch_v aid_n of_o the_o german_n be_v return_v with_o some_o horse_n of_o who_o although_o there_o be_v not_o above_o the_o number_n of_o five_o hundred_o yet_o the_o gall_n be_v puff_v up_o at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o german_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n strengthen_v himself_o with_o more_o force_n the_o man_n of_o rheims_n worsted_n by_o the_o enemy_n and_o they_o again_o by_o the_o german_n on_o caesar_n party_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v how_o his_o enemy_n keep_v themselves_o many_o day_n together_o within_o their_o camp_n which_o be_v fortify_v both_o with_o a_o marish_a and_o also_o with_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o assault_v they_o without_o manifest_a peril_n nor_o enclose_v the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v with_o any_o fortification_n without_o a_o great_a army_n he_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o trebonius_n that_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o haste_n possible_a send_v for_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n which_o winter_v among_o the_o bituriges_n under_o t._n sextius_n the_o legate_n and_o so_o with_o three_o legion_n make_v long_o march_v to_o come_v to_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a season_n he_o send_v out_o by_o turn_n the_o horseman_n of_o rheims_n and_o of_o the_o lingones_n and_o other_o state_n of_o who_o he_o have_v call_v forth_o a_o great_a number_n to_o safe-conduct_n the_o forager_n and_o to_o withstand_v the_o sudden_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n this_o be_v do_v day_n by_o day_n and_o our_o man_n take_v now_o less_o heed_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n with_o they_o which_o thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o daily_a custom_n the_o bellovaci_n with_o a_o band_n of_o choose_a footman_n know_v the_o place_n where_o our_o horseman_n daily_o keep_v their_o stand_n lay_v ambush_n in_o woody_a place_n and_o the_o next_o day_n they_o send_v thither_o their_o horseman_n first_o to_o draw_v cut_v our_o man_n into_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o ambushment_n and_o then_o to_o assail_v they_o as_o they_o be_v enclose_v the_o lot_n of_o this_o ill_a luck_n light_v upon_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n who_o turn_n it_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o duty_n that_o day_n for_o they_o when_o they_o have_v espy_v the_o horseman_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o sudden_a despise_v they_o because_o they_o werelesse_a in_o number_n follow_v they_o over-greedy_o and_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o footman_n whereby_o be_v disorder_v they_o retire_v more_o hasty_o than_o horseman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v in_o battle_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o vertisco_n the_o prince_n of_o their_o state_n and_o captain_n of_o their_o horseman_n who_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o sit_v upon_o a_o horse_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o age_n will_v notwithstanding_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o gall_n neither_o seek_v to_o disburden_v himself_o of_o the_o captainship_n by_o excuse_n of_o his_o age_n nor_o suffer_v the_o encounter_n to_o be_v fight_v without_o he_o with_o this_o lucky_a battle_n wherein_o they_o slay_v the_o prince_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n the_o courage_n of_o our_o enemy_n be_v heighten_v and_o raise_v and_o our_o man_n be_v teach_v by_o their_o own_o harm_n to_o search_v the_o place_n better_o where_o they_o shall_v keep_v their_o stand_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o enemy_n more_o advise_o when_o he_o flee_v in_o the_o mean_a while_o cease_v not_o the_o daily_a skirmish_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o both_o our_o camp_n which_o be_v make_v at_o the_o ford_n and_o passage_n of_o the_o marish_a in_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n whenas_o the_o german_n who_o caesar_n have_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n fetch_v over_o the_o rhine_n that_o they_o shall_v fight_v intermingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n in_o the_o battle_n have_v all_o bold_o pass_v the_o marish_a and_o slay_v a_o few_o that_o make_v resistance_n follow_v eager_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o multitude_n not_o only_o they_o that_o be_v overthrow_v at_o hand_n or_o wound_v aloof_o but_o also_o they_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o succour_v afar_o off_o be_v so_o strike_v with_o fear_n that_o they_o run_v away_o shameful_o and_o never_o leave_v fly_v from_o high_a ground_n to_o high_a which_o they_o oftentimes_o lose_v before_o they_o either_o recover_v into_o their_o camp_n or_o as_o some_o do_v for_o very_a shame_n flee_v far_o off_o with_o who_o danger_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o host_n be_v so_o trouble_v that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v judge_v whether_o good_a success_n be_v it_o never_o so_o small_a will_v make_v they_o more_o arrogant_a or_o a_o misfortune_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a will_v make_v they_o more_o cow_v and_o fearful_a chap._n four_o the_o gall_n discamp_v and_o be_v pursue_v by_o caesar_n the_o rout_v of_o part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o death_n of_o corbeus_n after_o they_o have_v link_v many_o day_n in_o the_o same_o camp_n when_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n understand_v that_o c._n trebonius_n one_o of_o caesar_n legate_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o mo_z legion_n fear_v the_o like_a siege_n as_o be_v at_o alexia_n they_o send_v away_o in_o the_o night_n all_o such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o year_n or_o otherwise_o want_v strength_n and_o all_o such_o as_o want_v armour_n among_o they_o and_o with_o they_o they_o send_v away_o also_o their_o carriage_n while_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o this_o trouble_a and_o confuse_a company_n for_o the_o gall_n even_o when_o they_o go_v light_a be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o cart_n follow_v they_o daylight_n come_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o set_v their_o man_n in_o battle-array_n in_o their_o camp_n lest_o the_o roman_n shall_v pursue_v before_o the_o company_n of_o their_o carriage_n can_v get_v any_o thing_n forward_o but_o caesar_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o assail_v they_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v themselves_o have_v so_o