Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	king_n	time_n	year_n	19,963	5	5.0438	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54625	A treatise of taxes and contributions shewing the nature and measures of [brace] crown-lands, assessments, customs, poll-moneys, lotteries, benevolence, penalties, monopolies, offices, tythes, raising of coins, harth-money, excize, &c. : with several intersperst discourses and digressions concerning [brace] warres, the church, universities, rents and purchases, usury and exchange, banks and lombards, registries for conveyances, beggars, ensurance, exportation of money/wool, free-ports, coins, housing, liberty of conscience, &c. : the same being frequently applied to the present state and affairs of Ireland.	Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687.	1662 (1662)	Wing P1938; ESTC R33399	59,466	94

the_o infancy_n of_o those_o place_n be_v obnoxious_a these_o office_n be_v thererore_n tax_n upon_o such_o as_o can_v or_o will_v not_o avoid_v the_o pass_n through_o they_o and_o be_v bear_v as_o man_n endure_v and_o run_v themselves_o into_o the_o mischief_n of_o duel_v the_o which_o be_v very_o great_a which_o side_n soever_o prevail_v for_o certain_o man_n do_v not_o always_o go_v to_o law_n to_o obtain_v right_a or_o prevent_v wrong_a which_o judicious_a neighbour_n may_v perform_v as_o well_o as_o a_o jury_n of_o no_o able_a man_n and_o man_n may_v tell_v the_o judge_n himself_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o now_o they_o instruct_v their_o council_n this_o therefore_o of_o office_n be_v a_o voluntary_a tax_n upon_o contentious_a man_n as_o excize_v upon_o drink_n be_v to_o good_a fellow_n to_o love_v it_o chap._n xii_o of_o tithe_n the_o word_n tithe_n be_v the_o same_o with_o ten_o signify_v of_o itself_o no_o more_o than_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o excisium_n or_o part_v retrench_v as_o if_o custom_n upon_o import_v and_o export_v commodity_n shall_v be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o twentieth_n as_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v tonnage_n and_o poundage_n wherefore_o it_o remain_v to_o say_v that_o tithe_n in_o this_o place_n do_v together_o with_o the_o say_a proportion_n consignifie_v the_o use_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o also_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n out_o of_o which_o this_o maintenance_n be_v cut_v viz._n the_o immediate_a fruit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o water_n or_o the_o proceed_v of_o man_n labour_n art_n and_o stock_n lay_v out_o upon_o they_o it_o signify_v also_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v it_o viz._n in_o specie_fw-la and_o not_o but_o upon_o special_a and_o voluntary_a cause_n in_o money_n 2._o we_o say_v the_o matter_n of_o tithe_n be_v the_o immediate_a fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n of_o grain_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o ground_n that_o bear_v it_o and_o not_o of_o bread_n which_o be_v corn_n thresht_v winnow_v ground_n temper_v with_o liquor_n and_o bake_a 3._o it_o be_v also_o the_o second_o choice_n out_o of_o the_o young_a of_o multiparous_a cattle_n take_v in_o specie_fw-la so_o soon_o as_o the_o say_a youngling_n can_v subsist_v without_o their_o dam_n or_o else_o a_o composition_n in_o money_n for_o the_o uniparon_n 4._o it_o be_v wool_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v shear_v it_o be_v fowl_n and_o fish_n where_o fowl_v and_o fish_n be_v rather_o a_o trade_n then_o a_o mere_a recreation_n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la 5._o moreover_o in_o great_a city_n tithe_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o composition_n in_o money_n for_o the_o labour_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o artisan_n who_o work_v upon_o the_o material_n which_o have_v pay_v tithe_n before_o 6._o tithe_n therefore_o increase_v within_o any_o territory_n as_o the_o labour_n of_o that_o country_n increase_v and_o labour_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o people_n do_v now_o within_o four_o hundred_o year_n the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v about_o quadruple_v as_o double_v every_o two_o hundred_o year_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v about_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o people_n in_o it_o so_o as_o the_o other_o three_o part_n be_v labour_n and_o stock_n 7._o wherefore_o the_o tithe_n now_o shall_v be_v twelve_o time_n as_o good_a as_o they_o be_v four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o which_o the_o rate_n of_o benefice_n in_o the_o king_n book_n do_v pretty_a well_o show_v by_o compare_v of_o time_n something_o of_o this_o shall_v be_v abate_v because_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o proceed_v of_o land_n and_o labour_n do_v vary_v as_o the_o hand_n of_o labourer_n vary_v wherefore_o we_o shall_v rather_o say_v that_o the_o tithe_n be_v but_o six_o time_n as_o good_a now_o as_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o that_o be_v that_o the_o tithe_n now_o will_v pay_v six_o time_n as_o many_o labourer_n or_o feed_v six_o time_n as_o many_o mouth_n as_o the_o tithe_n four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o will_v have_v do_v 8._o now_o if_o there_o be_v not_o only_o as_o many_o parish_n then_o as_o now_o more_o priest_n in_o every_o parish_n and_o also_o more_o religious_a man_n who_o be_v also_o priest_n and_o the_o religion_n of_o those_o time_n be_v more_o operose_fw-la and_o full_a of_o work_n then_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o confession_n holiday_n office_n etc._n etc._n more_o in_o those_o day_n then_o now_o the_o great_a work_n in_o these_o day_n be_v a_o compendious_a teach_n above_o a_o thousand_o at_o once_o without_o much_o particular_a confession_n and_o catechise_n or_o trouble_v about_o the_o dead_a it_o seem_v clear_a that_o the_o clergy_n now_o be_v far_o rich_a than_o heretofore_o and_o that_o to_o be_v a_o clergyman_n than_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o mortification_n whereas_o now_o praise_v be_v god_n it_o be_v matter_n of_o splendour_n and_o magnificence_n unless_o any_o will_v say_v that_o there_o be_v golden_a priest_n when_o the_o chalice_n be_v wood_n and_o but_o wooden_a priest_n when_o the_o chalice_n be_v gold_n or_o that_o religion_n best_o flourish_v when_o the_o priest_n be_v most_o mortify_v as_o be_v before_o say_v of_o the_o law_n which_o best_o flourish_v when_o lawyer_n have_v least_o to_o do_v 9_o but_o what_o ever_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o church_n good_n be_v i_o grudge_v it_o they_o not_o only_o wish_v that_o they_o will_v take_v a_o course_n to_o enjoy_v it_o with_o safety_n and_o peace_n to_o themselves_o whereof_o one_o be_v not_o to_o breed_v more_o churchman_n than_o the_o benefice_n as_o they_o now_o stand_v shred_v out_o will_v receive_v that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o there_o be_v place_n but_o for_o about_o twelve_o thousand_o in_o england_n and_o wales_n it_o will_v not_o be_v safe_a to_o breed_v up_o 24000._o minister_n upon_o a_o view_n or_o conceit_n that_o the_o church_n mean_v otherwise_o distribute_v may_v suffice_v they_o all_o for_o then_o the_o twelve_o thousand_o which_o be_v unprovided_a for_o will_v seek_v way_n how_o to_o get_v themselves_o a_o livelihood_n which_o they_o can_v do_v more_o easy_o then_o by_o persuade_v the_o people_n that_o the_o twelve_o thousand_o incumbent_n do_v poison_n or_o starve_v their_o soul_n and_o misguide_v they_o in_o their_o way_n to_o heaven_n which_o needy_a man_n upon_o a_o strong_a temptation_n will_v do_v effectual_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o lecturer_n be_v such_o a_o sort_n of_o supernumeraries_n have_v preach_v more_o time_n in_o a_o week_n more_o hour_n in_o the_o day_n and_o with_o great_a vehemence_n every_o time_n than_o the_o incumbent_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v for_o graeculus_n esuriens_fw-la in_o coelum_fw-la jusseris_fw-la ibit_fw-la now_o this_o vehemence_n this_o pain_n this_o zeal_n and_o this_o live_n upon_o particular_a donation_n make_v the_o people_n think_v that_o those_o who_o act_v they_o be_v withal_o more_o orthodox_n nay_o better_o assist_v from_o god_n than_o the_o other_o now_o let_v any_o man_n judge_n whether_o man_n repute_v to_o be_v inspire_v will_v not_o get_v help_n to_o lift_v themselves_o into_o church-living_n etc._n etc._n but_o these_o thing_n be_v too_o plain_a from_o the_o late_a experience_n 10._o now_o you_o will_v ask_v how_o shall_v that_o be_v do_v or_o how_o may_v we_o know_v how_o to_o adjust_a our_o nursery_n to_o our_o orchard_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o there_o be_v twelve_o thousand_o church-living_n in_o england_n dignitaries_n include_v then_o that_o about_o four_o hundred_o be_v send_v forth_o per_fw-la ann_n into_o the_o vineyard_n may_v keep_v it_o well_o serve_v without_o luxuriency_n for_o according_a to_o the_o mortality-bill-observation_n about_o that_o number_n will_v die_v yearly_a out_o of_o twelve_o thousand_o adult-person_n such_o as_o minister_n be_v as_o to_o age_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o well_o as_o to_o speculative_a knowledge_n as_o practical_a experience_n both_o of_o themselves_o and_o other_o 11._o but_o i_o have_v digress_v my_o main_a scope_n be_v to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tax_n of_o tithe_n nevertheless_o since_o the_o end_n of_o such_o explanation_n be_v but_o to_o persuade_v man_n to_o bear_v quiet_o so_o much_o tax_n as_o be_v necessary_a and_o not_o to_o kick_v against_o the_o prick_n and_o since_o the_o end_n of_o that_o again_o and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o else_o we_o be_v to_o do_v be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o public_a peace_n i_o think_v i_o have_v not_o be_v impertinent_a in_o insert_v this_o little_a advertisement_n make_v so_o much_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o jerusalem_n 12._o but_o to_o return_v to_o tithe_n as_o a_o tax_n or_o levy_n i_o say_v that_o in_o england_n it_o be_v

highway_n build_v bridge_n and_o causeys_n and_o the_o make_n of_o river_n navigable_a in_o england_n will_v make_v english_a horse_n a_o exportable_a commodity_n and_o help_v to_o vend_n the_o commodity_n of_o ireland_n ibid._n the_o cause_n of_o unquiet_a bear_n of_o tax_n viz._n 14_o first_o that_o the_o sovereign_n exact_v too_o much_o 15_o second_o that_o assessment_n be_v unequal_o lay_v ibid._n three_o that_o the_o money_n levy_v be_v vain_o expend_v ibid._n four_o or_o give_v to_o favourite_n ibid._n five_o ignorance_n of_o the_o number_n trade_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o people_n 16_o sixthly_a obscurity_n about_o the_o right_n of_o impose_v ibid._n seven_o fewness_n of_o people_n ibid._n eight_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o confusion_n of_o coin_n 17_o nine_o that_o scarce_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v coin_v bullion_n ibid._n ten_o the_o non-acceptance_n of_o some_o commodity_n in_o specie_fw-la in_o discharge_v of_o tax_n ibid._n the_o consequence_n of_o a_o tax_n too_o heavy_a if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o money_n in_o a_o nation_n which_o may_v be_v or_o be_v there_o be_v too_o little_a and_o that_o either_o in_o a_o state_n well_o or_o ill_o govern_v 17_o 18_o 19_o the_o first_o way_n of_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a charge_n be_v the_o excind_n or_o set_v apart_o of_o a_o proportion_n of_o the_o territory_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o crown-land_n 20_o the_o second_o be_v take_v away_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o all_o land_n 21_o the_o nation_n be_v happy_a where_o either_o of_o the_o say_v two_o way_n be_v practise_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la and_o upon_o original_a agreement_n and_o not_o exact_v as_o a_o sudden_a contingent_a surcharge_n upon_o the_o people_n 21_o the_o owner_n of_o settle_a rent_n bear_v the_o burden_n of_o a_o land-tax_n or_o assessment_n other_o probable_o gain_v thereby_o ibid._n a_o land-tax_n upon_o free_a estate_n resolve_v into_o a_o excize_n upon_o consumption_n 22_o assessment_n upon_o house_n more_o uncertain_a than_o that_o of_o land_n house_n being_n of_o a_o double_a nature_n viz._n either_o a_o instrument_n of_o gain_n or_o way_n of_o expense_n ibid._n the_o heavy_a tax_n of_o house_n no_o discouragement_n to_o new_a building_n nor_o be_v the_o discouragement_n of_o new_a building_n any_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o populousness_n of_o a_o city_n ibid._n prohibition_n to_o build_v upon_o new_a foundation_n serve_v only_o to_o fix_v the_o ground-plot_n of_o a_o city_n 23_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o city_n of_o london_n remove_v its_o ground-plot_n westward_o ibid._n that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o king_n of_o england_n palace_n will_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v towards_o chelsey_n ibid._n that_o the_o present_a seat_n of_o london_n will_v be_v the_o great_a cohabitation_n of_o people_n ever_o whilst_o this_o island_n be_v inhabit_v 24_o the_o nature_n and_o natural_a measure_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n compute_v in_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o say_v land_n ibid._n the_o par_fw-fr between_o food_n or_o other_o proceed_v of_o land_n and_o bullion_n or_o coin_n 25_o the_o par_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n ibid._n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v not_o natural_a standard_n of_o the_o value_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 26_o the_o prime_a denomination_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o two_o viz._n land_n and_o labour_n as_o the_o denomination_n of_o money_n in_o england_n be_v pound_n shilling_n penny_n ibid._n of_o the_o par_fw-fr between_o land_n and_o labour_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v that_o land_n be_v worth_a in_o several_a country_n 27_o why_o land_n in_o ireland_n be_v worth_a few_o year_n purchase_v then_o in_o england_n 27_o 28._o the_o description_n and_o ratio_fw-la formalis_fw-la of_o usury_n 29_o the_o same_o of_o exchange_n ibid._n the_o measure_n of_o both_o 29_o 30_o why_o usury_n have_v be_v limit_v more_o than_o exchange_n 30_o a_o parallel_n between_o the_o change_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o money_n and_o that_o of_o land_n ibid._n how_o to_o compute_v and_o compare_v the_o rent_n of_o land_n in_o order_n to_o a_o just_a land-tax_n or_o assessment_n 31_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o land_n be_v find_v by_o survey_v of_o the_o quantity_n figure_n and_o situation_n ibid._n and_o by_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o quality_n viz._n its_o aptitude_n to_o bear_v first_o precious_a commodity_n second_o the_o best_a of_o the_o kind_n three_o most_o in_o quantity_n ibid._n the_o extrinsic_a or_o accidental_a value_n depend_v upon_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n luxurious_a or_o frugal_a live_n the_o opinion_n civil_a natural_a and_o religious_a of_o the_o people_n ibid._n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o these_o inquiry_n to_o know_v how_o to_o tell_v the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o former_a time_n 32_o how_o to_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o money_n of_o this_o present_a age_n with_o that_o of_o the_o former_a but_o the_o entire_a riches_n of_o the_o present_a with_o the_o former_a people_n ibid._n by_o the_o number_n of_o people_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o money_n among_o they_o the_o accidental_a value_n of_o land_n be_v to_o be_v compute_v 33_o how_o to_o proportion_n the_o rate_n of_o a_o commodity_n in_o one_o place_n unto_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n ibid._n that_o the_o day-wage_n of_o labourer_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o most_o vulgar_a tradesman_n ought_v to_o be_v ascertain_v and_o well_o adapt_v to_o the_o change_n of_o time_n ibid._n that_o though_o the_o difficulty_n of_o compute_v the_o contingent_a value_n of_o land_n be_v great_a yet_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o undergo_a it_o 34_o the_o nature_n of_o credit_n as_o the_o say_a word_n be_v common_o use_v among_o tradesman_n and_o otherwise_o ibid._n that_o the_o sovereign_n exact_a knowledge_n of_o the_o subject_n estate_n will_v do_v they_o no_o harm_n ibid._n a_o descriptiou_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o custom_n 35_o a_o conjecture_n that_o custom_n at_o first_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o praemium_fw-la for_o insurance_n against_o pirate_n ibid._n the_o measure_n of_o the_o say_a duty_n upon_o exported_a good_n 36_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o too_o heavy_a custom_n ibid._n what_o commodity_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v custom_n 37_o the_o measure_n of_o custom_n upon_o import_v good_n ibid._n the_o inconvenience_n of_o raise_v money_n by_o the_o way_n of_o custom_n ibid._n a_o proposal_n that_o instead_o of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n upon_o ship_v good_n a_o tonnage_n be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n freight_v 38_o or_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v take_v as_o a_o insurance_n praemium_fw-la ibid._n of_o prohibit_v commodity_n in_o general_n ibid._n of_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n 39_o the_o say_a prohibition_n of_o money_n serve_v as_o a_o sumptuary_n law_n ibid._n about_o the_o exportation_n of_o wool_n ibid._n the_o lessen_v of_o our_o sheep-trade_n and_o increase_v of_o corn-tillage_n be_v a_o expedient_a in_o this_o case_n for_o many_o reason_n 40_o other_o consideration_n tend_v to_o show_v that_o the_o too_o vehement_a prohibition_n of_o wool_n may_v be_v ineffectual_a or_o to_o do_v more_o harm_n then_o good_a 41_o of_o prohibit_v importation_n ibid._n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v and_o raise_v commodity_n though_o to_o burn_v they_o than_o not_o to_o make_v they_o or_o let_v the_o maker_n lose_v their_o faculty_n and_o be_v idle_a ibid._n of_o free_a port_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v do_v good_a or_o harm_n 42_o of_o poll-money_n and_o the_o sort_n of_o it_o ibid._n the_o fault_n of_o the_o late_a poll-money_n 43_o of_o the_o most_o simple_a poll-money_n where_o all_o pay_n alike_o its_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n ibid._n of_o poll-money_n upon_o title_n office_n and_o faculty_n 44_o harth-money_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o simple_a poll-money_n but_o both_o be_v rather_o accumulative_a excize_n 45_o grant_n for_o public_a lottery_n be_v tax_n upon_o the_o people_n ibid._n why_o lottery_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v but_o by_o good_a authority_n ibid._n raise_v of_o money_n by_o benevolence_n be_v a_o real_a tax_n 46_o three_o case_n where_o the_o way_n of_o a_o benevolence_n may_v be_v make_v good_a ibid_fw-la several_a reason_n against_o it_o 46_o 47_o the_o several_a species_n of_o penalty_n 47_o a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o penalty_n set_v down_o in_o moses_n law_n ought_v to_o be_v inflict_v now_o 47_o the_o proper_a use_n and_o reason_n of_o every_o sort_n of_o penalty_n 48_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o slow_a death_n 49_o in_o what_o case_n death_n mutilation_n imprisonment_n disgrace_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o be_v commute_v for_o pecuniary_a mulct_n

ibid._n the_o meaning_n of_o the_o double_a and_o multiple_a restitution_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n ibid._n of_o the_o way_n for_o punish_v or_o permit_v heterodox_n believer_n in_o religion_n 50_o that_o the_o sovereign_n may_v do_v either_o 51_o that_o all_o pseudodoxy_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v safe_o muzzle_v from_o do_v harm_n by_o pecuniary_a mulct_n 51_o 52_o that_o the_o sovereign_n by_o punish_v they_o with_o death_n mutilation_n or_o imprisonment_n do_v therein_o punish_v himself_o and_o that_o too_o re_fw-mi infecta_fw-la very_o often_o 51_o that_o the_o pastor_n ought_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o error_n and_o defection_n of_o their_o flock_n 52_o the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v pattern_n of_o holiness_n then_o to_o teach_v man_n variety_n of_o opinion_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la divinis_fw-la 53_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o whole_a discourse_n about_o the_o church_n ibid._n the_o abuse_n of_o penal_a law_n 54_o of_o monopoly_n ibid._n the_o use_n and_o reason_n of_o institute_a monopoly_n 55_o a_o digression_n about_o new_a invention_n and_o the_o vexation_n incident_a to_o the_o projector_n of_o new_a practice_n ibid._n office_n institute_v by_o the_o state_n with_o fee_n of_o their_o own_o appointment_n be_v of_o a_o parallel_a nature_n to_o monopoly_n 56_o why_o the_o fee_n of_o office_n be_v great_a heretofore_o ibid._n how_o office_n be_v become_v as_o a_o saleable_a commodity_n 57_o why_o many_o superfluous_a office_n be_v not_o abolish_v ibid._n a_o description_n of_o tithe_n in_o several_a particular_n 58_o the_o cause_n why_o tithe_n increase_v ibid._n the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v but_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o people_n 59_o the_o tithe_n in_o england_n be_v six_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o ibid._n the_o clergy_n be_v far_o rich_a now_o than_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o yet_o have_v less_o work_n to_o do_v ibid._n the_o danger_n of_o too_o many_o church_n man_n 60_o how_o to_o adjust_a the_o number_n of_o churchman_n and_o student_n in_o divinity_n ibid._n tithe_n be_v now_o no_o tax_n or_o burden_n upon_o the_o people_n 61_o the_o way_n of_o tithe_n be_v a_o good_a pattern_n for_o a_o tax_n ibid_fw-la the_o way_n of_o pay_v tithe_n in_o the_o city_n and_o country_n be_v very_o disproportionable_a 61_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o tithe_n ibid._n a_o reason_n why_o the_o way_n of_o tax_v the_o people_n be_v often_o shift_v 62_o the_o state_n gain_v in_o several_a country_n by_o be_v the_o common_a cashier_n usurer_n ensurer_n monopolist_n etc._n etc._n 63_o the_o case_n of_o the_o jew_n every_o where_o subject_n to_o great_a tax_n brief_o state_v 64_o the_o way_n of_o levy_v a_o aliquot_fw-la part_n of_o man_n estate_n very_o dangerous_a ibid._n alteration_n in_o the_o value_v of_o coin_n be_v a_o tax_n upon_o such_o as_o live_v by_o determine_a rent_n pension_n fee_n etc._n etc._n 65_o what_o be_v embase_v of_o money_n and_o what_o be_v not_o ibid._n of_o tin_n and_o copper_n money_n as_o well_o curious_o as_o coarse_o wrought_v ibid._n of_o the_o token_n coin_v by_o retail_v shopkeeper_n ibid._n what_o be_v gold_n and_o silver_n embase_v 66_o the_o reason_n for_o embase_v of_o money_n ibid._n reason_n against_o the_o same_o ibid._n what_o be_v proper_o raise_v of_o money_n 67_o the_o effect_n of_o raise_v both_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a coin_n ibid._n raise_v of_o money_n change_v the_o species_n of_o money_n but_o lessen_v the_o bullion_n ibid._n why_o many_o wise_a state_n have_v raise_v their_o money_n 68_o raise_v of_o foreign_a money_n to_o a_o double_a value_n or_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n to_o half_a be_v not_o all_o one_o but_o the_o former_a be_v better_a 69_o the_o way_n of_o compute_v and_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n upon_o natural_a ground_n 69_o 70_o man_n be_v real_o and_o actual_o rich_a according_a to_o what_o they_o spend_v and_o enjoy_v in_o their_o own_o person_n 71_o excize_n be_v a_o tax_n upon_o such_o riches_n be_v a_o just_a way_n by_o which_o to_o defray_v the_o public_a charge_n ibid._n that_o a_o proportion_n ought_v to_o be_v pitch_v between_o the_o expense_n or_o consumption_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o the_o public_a charge_n thereof_o ib._n commodity_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v until_o they_o be_v just_o ripe_a for_o consumption_n 72_o commodity_n of_o equal_a value_n may_v be_v unequal_o excize_v with_o justice_n ibidem_fw-la of_o accumulate_v the_o excize_n of_o many_o thing_n upon_o some_o one_o thing_n ibid._n whether_o native_a commodity_n export_v ought_v to_o pay_v excize_a ibid._n the_o explication_n of_o accumulative_a excize_n 73_o reason_n for_o accumulate_v the_o excize_n of_o all_o thing_n upon_o some_o one_o thing_n ibid._n why_o beer_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v that_o one_o thing_n 74_o hearth_n or_o smoak-money_n be_v a_o accumulative_a excize_n with_o the_o reason_n for_o and_o against_o it_o ibid._n reason_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o excize_n 75_o of_o frame_v person_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o great_a trust_n as_o to_o be_v cashier_v store-keeper_n checques_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o public_a charge_n the_o public_a charge_n of_o a_o state_n be_v that_o of_o its_o defence_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n of_o its_o peace_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o as_o also_o of_o its_o honourable_a vindication_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o other_o state_n all_o which_o we_o may_v call_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o militia_n which_o common_o be_v in_o ordinary_a as_o great_a as_o any_o other_o branch_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o extraordinary_a that_o be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o fear_v of_o war_n be_v much_o the_o great_a 2._o another_o branch_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n be_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o governor_n chief_a and_o subordinate_a i_o mean_v such_o not_o only_o as_o spend_v their_o whole_a time_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o respective_a office_n but_o also_o who_o spend_v much_o in_o fit_v themselves_o as_o well_o with_o ability_n to_o that_o end_n as_o in_o beget_v a_o opinion_n in_o their_o superior_n of_o such_o their_o ability_n and_o trustworthiness_n 3._o which_o maintenance_n of_o the_o governor_n be_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o plenty_n and_o splendour_n as_o private_a endeavour_n and_o calling_n seldom_o reach_v unto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o such_o governor_n may_v have_v the_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o the_o artificial_a cause_n of_o power_n to_o act_v with_o 4_o for_o if_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o man_n shall_v call_v one_o of_o their_o number_n king_n unless_o this_o institute_v prince_n appear_v in_o great_a visible_a splendour_n than_o other_o can_v reward_v those_o that_o obey_v and_o please_v he_o and_o do_v the_o contrary_a to_o other_o his_o institution_n signify_v little_a even_o although_o he_o chance_v to_o have_v g●●●ter_a corporal_a or_o mental_a faculty_n than_o any_o other_o of_o the_o number_n 5._o there_o be_v office_n which_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o sheriff_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n constable_n churchwarden_n etc._n etc._n which_o man_n may_v attend_v without_o much_o prejudice_n to_o their_o ordinary_a way_n of_o livelihood_n and_o for_o which_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v trust_v and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o be_v fear_v have_v be_v think_v a_o competent_a reward_n 6._o unto_o this_o head_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o administer_a justice_n may_v be_v refer_v as_o well_o between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o between_o the_o whole_a state_n or_o commonalty_n and_o particular_a member_n of_o it_o as_o well_o that_o of_o right_v and_o punish_v past_a injury_n and_o crime_n as_o of_o prevent_v the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v 7._o a_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n be_v that_o of_o the_o pastorage_n of_o man_n soul_n and_o the_o guidance_n of_o their_o conscience_n which_o one_o will_v think_v because_o it_o respect_v another_o world_n and_o but_o the_o particular_a interest_n of_o each_o man_n there_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o public_a charge_n in_o this_o nevertheless_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n of_o man_n to_o commit_v unproveable_a crime_n to_o corrupt_v and_o divert_v testimony_n to_o wrest_v the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n there_o follow_v a_o necessity_n of_o contribute_v towards_o a_o public_a charge_n wherewith_o to_o have_v man_n instruct_v in_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o take_v notice_n of_o evil_a thought_n and_o design_n and_o much_o more_o of_o secret_a deed_n and_o that_o punish_v eternal_o in_o another_o

land_n with_o such_o another_o measure_n of_o labour_n forasmuch_o as_o both_o ship_n and_o garment_n be_v the_o creature_n of_o land_n and_o man_n labour_n thereupon_o this_o be_v true_a we_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o find_v out_o a_o natural_a par_fw-fr between_o land_n and_o labour_n so_o as_o we_o may_v express_v the_o value_n by_o either_o of_o they_o alone_o as_o well_o or_o better_a then_o by_o both_o and_o reduce_v one_o into_o the_o other_o as_o easy_o and_o certain_o as_o we_o reduce_v penny_n into_o pound_n wherefore_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o find_v the_o natural_a value_n of_o the_o fee_n simple_a of_o land_n though_o but_o no_o better_a than_o we_o have_v do_v that_o of_o the_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la abovemention_v which_o we_o attempt_v as_o follow_v 19_o have_v find_v the_o rent_n or_o value_n of_o the_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o question_n be_v how_o many_o year_n purchase_v as_o we_o usual_o say_v be_v the_o fee_n simple_a natural_o worth_a if_o we_o say_v a_o infinite_a number_n than_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n will_v be_v equal_a in_o value_n to_o a_o thousand_o acre_n of_o the_o same_o land_n which_o be_v absurd_a a_o infinity_n of_o unite_v be_v equal_a to_o a_o infinity_n of_o thousand_o wherefore_o we_o must_v pitch_v upon_o some_o limit_a number_n and_o that_o i_o apprehend_v to_o be_v the_o number_n of_o year_n which_o i_o conceive_v one_o man_n of_o fifty_o year_n old_a another_o of_o twenty_o eight_o and_o another_o of_o seven_o year_n old_a all_o be_v alive_a together_o may_v be_v think_v to_o live_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o grandfather_n father_n and_o child_n few_o man_n have_v reason_n to_o take_v care_n of_o more_o remote_a posterity_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v a_o great_a grandfather_n he_o himself_o be_v so_o much_o the_o near_o his_o end_n so_o as_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o a_o continual_a line_n of_o descent_n usual_o co-existing_a together_o and_o as_o some_o be_v grandfather_n at_o forty_o year_n yet_o as_o many_o be_v not_o till_o above_o sixty_o and_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la 20._o wherefore_o i_o pitch_v the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v that_o any_o land_n be_v natural_o worth_a to_o be_v the_o ordinary_a extent_n of_o three_o such_o person_n their_o life_n now_o in_o england_n we_o esteem_v three_o life_n equal_a to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o consequent_o the_o value_n of_o land_n to_o be_v about_o the_o same_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v possible_o if_o they_o think_v themselves_o mistake_v in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o observator_fw-la on_o the_o bill_n of_o mortality_n think_v they_o be_v they_o will_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o unless_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o force_n of_o popular_a error_n and_o dependence_n of_o thing_n already_o concatenate_v do_v hinder_v they_o 21._o this_o i_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v where_o title_n be_v good_a and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o moral_a certainty_n of_o enjoy_v the_o purchase_n but_o in_o other_o country_n land_n be_v worth_a near_o thirty_o year_n purchase_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o better_a title_n more_o people_n and_o perhaps_o true_a opinion_n of_o the_o value_n and_o duration_n of_o three_o life_n 22._o and_o in_o some_o place_n land_n be_v worth_a yet_o more_o year_n purchase_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o special_a honour_n pleasure_n privilege_n or_o jurisdiction_n annex_v unto_o they_o 23._o on_o the_o other_o hand_n land_n be_v worth_a few_o year_n purchase_v as_o in_o ireland_n for_o the_o follow_a reason_n which_o i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o as_o unto_o the_o like_a whereof_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o like_a cheapness_n in_o any_o other_o place_n may_v be_v impute_v first_o in_o ireland_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a rebellion_n in_o which_o if_o you_o be_v conquer_v all_o be_v lose_v or_o if_o you_o conquer_v yet_o you_o be_v subject_a to_o swarm_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o envy_n which_o precedent_a mission_n of_o english_a have_v against_o the_o subsequent_a perpetuity_n itself_o be_v but_o forty_o year_n long_o as_o within_o which_o time_n some_o ugly_a disturbance_n have_v hitherto_o happen_v almost_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o english_a thither_o 24._o 2._o the_o claim_n upon_o claim_n which_o each_o have_v to_o the_o other_o estate_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o make_v good_a any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o many_o governor_n and_o minister_n which_o within_o forty_o year_n shall_v be_v in_o power_n there_o as_o also_o by_o the_o frequency_n of_o false_a testimony_n and_o abuse_v of_o solemn_a oath_n 25._o 3._o the_o paucity_n of_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v not_o above_o the_o â…•_n the_o part_v so_o many_o as_o the_o territory_n will_v maintain_v and_o of_o those_o but_o a_o small_a part_n do_v work_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o a_o small_a work_n so_o much_o as_o in_o other_o country_n 26._o 4._o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a in_o ireland_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v over_o the_o profit_v raise_v out_o of_o ireland_n refund_v nothing_o so_o as_o ireland_n export_v more_o than_o it_o import_v do_v yet_o grow_v poor_a to_o a_o paradox_n 27._o 5._o the_o difficulty_n of_o execute_v justice_n so_o many_o of_o those_o in_o power_n be_v themselves_o protect_v by_o office_n and_o protect_a other_o moreover_o the_o number_n of_o criminous_a and_o indebt_v person_n be_v great_a they_o favour_v their_o like_a in_o juries_n office_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o can_v beside_o the_o country_n be_v seldom_o enough_o to_o give_v due_a encouragement_n to_o profound_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n which_o make_v judgement_n very_o casual_a ignorant_a man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v bold_a and_o arbitrary_a than_o such_o as_o understand_v the_o danger_n of_o it_o but_o all_o this_o with_o a_o little_a care_n in_o due_a season_n may_v remedy_v so_o as_o to_o bring_v ireland_n in_o a_o few_o year_n to_o the_o same_o level_n of_o value_n with_o other_o place_n but_o of_o this_o also_o elsewhere_o more_o at_o large_a for_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o usury_n chap._n v._o of_o usury_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o take_v or_o give_v interest_n or_o usury_n for_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v certain_o have_v again_o whensoever_o we_o call_v for_o it_o i_o see_v not_o nor_o why_o usury_n shall_v be_v scruple_v where_o money_n or_o other_o necessary_n value_v by_o it_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o borrower_n choose_v so_o as_o the_o lender_n can_v have_v his_o money_n pay_v he_o back_o where_o and_o when_o himself_o please_v i_o also_o see_v not_o wherefore_o when_o a_o man_n give_v out_o his_o money_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o demand_v it_o back_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o come_v whatsoever_o his_o own_o necessity_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o certain_o may_v take_v a_o compensation_n for_o this_o inconvenience_n which_o he_o admit_v against_o himself_o and_o this_o allowance_n be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v usury_n 2._o and_o when_o one_o man_n furnish_v another_o with_o money_n at_o some_o distant_a place_n and_o engage_v under_o great_a penalty_n to_o pay_v he_o there_o and_o at_o a_o certain_a day_n beside_o the_o consideration_n for_o this_o be_v that_o we_o call_v exchange_n or_o local_a usury_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n want_v money_n at_o carlisle_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o the_o way_n be_v full_a of_o soldier_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o passage_n by_o sea_n very_o long_o troublesome_a and_o dangerous_a and_o seldom_o pass_v why_o may_v not_o another_o take_v much_o more_o than_o a_o 100l_n at_o london_n for_o warrant_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o carlisle_n on_o a_o certain_a day_n 3._o now_o the_o question_n arise_v hence_o be_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a standard_n of_o usury_n and_o exchange_n as_o for_o usury_n the_o least_o that_o can_v be_v be_v the_o rent_n of_o so_o much_o land_n as_o the_o money_n lend_v will_v buy_v where_o the_o security_n be_v undoubted_a but_o where_o the_o security_n be_v casual_a than_o a_o kind_n of_o insurance_n must_v be_v enterwoven_v with_o the_o simple_a natural_a interest_n which_o may_v advance_v the_o usury_n very_o conscionable_o unto_o any_o height_n below_o the_o principal_n itself_o now_o if_o thing_n be_v so_o in_o england_n that_o real_o there_o be_v no_o such_o security_n as_o abovemention_v but_o that_o all_o be_v more_o or_o less_o hazardous_a troublesome_a or_o chargeable_a to_o make_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o endeavour_v to_o limit_v usury_n upon_o time_n any_o more_o

than_o that_o upon_o place_n which_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o world_n do_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o those_o who_o make_v such_o law_n be_v rather_o borrower_n than_o lender_n but_o of_o the_o vanity_n and_o fruitlessness_n of_o make_v civil_a positive_a law_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o have_v speak_v elsewhere_o and_o instance_a in_o several_a particular_n 4._o as_o for_o the_o natural_a measure_n of_o exchange_n i_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o great_a exchange_n can_v be_v but_o the_o labour_n of_o carry_v the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la but_o where_o be_v hazard_n emergent_a use_n for_o money_n more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o etc._n etc._n or_o opinion_n of_o these_o true_a or_o false_a the_o exchange_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o they_o 5._o parallel_v unto_o this_o be_v something_o which_o we_o omit_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n for_o as_o great_a need_n of_o money_n heighten_v exchange_n so_o do_v great_a need_n of_o corn_n raise_v the_o price_n of_o that_o likewise_o and_o consequent_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n that_o bear_v corn_n and_o last_o of_o the_o land_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o corn_n which_o feed_v london_n or_o a_o army_n be_v bring_v forty_o mile_n thither_o than_o the_o corn_n grow_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o london_n or_o the_o quarter_n of_o such_o army_n shall_v have_v add_v unto_o its_o natural_a price_n so_o much_o as_o the_o charge_n of_o bring_v it_o thirty_o nine_o mile_n do_v amount_v unto_o and_o unto_o perishable_a commodity_n as_o fresh_a fish_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n the_o insurance_n upon_o the_o hazard_n of_o corrupt_v etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v add_v also_o and_o final_o unto_o he_o that_o eat_v these_o thing_n there_o suppose_v in_o tavern_n shall_v be_v add_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o the_o circumstancial_a appurtenance_n of_o house-rent_a furniture_n attendance_n and_o the_o cook_n skill_n as_o well_o as_o his_o labour_n to_o accompany_v the_o same_o 6._o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o land_n intrinsical_o alike_o near_o populous_a place_n such_o as_o where_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o area_n that_o feed_v they_o be_v great_a will_v not_o only_o yield_v more_o rend_v for_o these_o reason_n but_o also_o more_o year_n purchase_v then_o in_o remote_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o pleasure_n and_o honour_v extraordinary_a of_o have_v land_n there_o for_o omne_fw-la tulit_fw-la punctum_fw-la qui_fw-la miscuit_fw-la utile_fw-la dulci._n 7._o have_v finish_v our_o digression_n upon_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o value_v of_o land_n and_o money_n we_o now_o return_v to_o our_o second_o way_n of_o levy_v public_a charge_n which_o be_v the_o take_n of_o a_o proportion_n of_o the_o rent_n common_o call_v assessment_n it_o follow_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o way_n of_o compute_v the_o say_a rent_n otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o the_o bargain_n which_o a_o few_o man_n make_v one_o with_o another_o through_o ignorance_n haste_n false_a suggestion_n or_o else_o in_o their_o passion_n or_o drink_n although_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o medium_n or_o common_a result_n of_o all_o the_o bargain_n make_v within_o three_o year_n or_o other_o such_o cycle_n of_o time_n as_o within_o which_o all_o contingency_n of_o land_n revolve_v may_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v but_o the_o sum_n synthetical_o compute_v by_o casual_a opinion_n as_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o cast_v up_o analytical_o by_o a_o distinct_a particularise_v of_o the_o cause_n 8._o 1._o therefore_o i_o propound_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o figure_n quantity_n and_o situation_n of_o all_o the_o land_n both_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a bound_n of_o parish_n farm_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o natural_a distinction_n thereof_o by_o the_o sea_n rivers_n ridge_n of_o rock_n or_o mountain_n etc._n etc._n 9_o 2._o i_o propound_v that_o the_o quality_n of_o each_o denomination_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o commodity_n it_o have_v usual_o bear_v in_o some_o land_n some_o sort_n of_o timber_n grain_n pulse_n or_o root_n grow_v more_o happy_o then_o in_o other_o also_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o thing_n sow_v or_o plant_v which_o it_o have_v yield_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o withal_o the_o comparative_a goodness_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n not_o unto_o the_o common_a standard_n money_n but_o to_o one_o another_o as_o for_o example_n if_o there_o be_v ten_o acre_n of_o land_n i_o will_v have_v it_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v better_o for_o hay_n or_o corn_n if_o for_o hay_o whether_o the_o say_v ten_o acre_n will_v bear_v more_o or_o less_o of_o hay_n then_o ten_o other_o acre_n and_o whether_o a_o hundred_o weight_n of_o the_o say_a hay_n will_v feed_v or_o fatten_v more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o other_o hay_n and_o not_o as_o yet_o compare_v it_o to_o money_n in_o which_o the_o value_n of_o the_o say_a hay_n will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o have_v change_v strange_o since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o according_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n live_v near_o this_o land_n together_o with_o the_o luxurious_a or_o frugal_a live_n of_o they_o and_o beside_o all_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a natural_a and_o religious_a opinion_n of_o the_o say_a people_n as_o for_o example_n egg_n in_o the_o forepart_n of_o lent_n because_o their_o goodness_n and_o delicacy_n decay_v before_o lend_v be_v do_v be_v worth_a little_a in_o some_o popish_a country_n nor_o swine_n flesh_n among_o the_o jew_n nor_o hedgehog_n frog_n snail_n mushroom_n etc._n etc._n to_o those_o that_o fear_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o poisonous_a or_o unwholesome_a nor_o curran_n and_o spanish_a wine_n if_o they_o be_v all_o to_o be_v destroy_v as_o the_o great_a thief_n of_o this_o nation_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o state_n 10._o this_o i_o call_v a_o survey_n or_o inquisition_n into_o the_o intrinsic_a value_v of_o land_n that_o of_o extrinsic_a or_o accidental_a follow_v we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o store_n of_o money_n will_v change_v the_o rate_n of_o commodity_n according_a to_o our_o reckon_n in_o name_n and_o word_n pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n be_v nothing_o else_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n can_v bring_v to_o london_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o peru_n in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o can_v produce_v a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n than_o one_o be_v the_o natural_a price_n of_o the_o other_o now_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o new_a and_o more_o easy_a mine_n a_o man_n can_v get_v two_o ounce_n of_o silver_n as_o easy_o as_o former_o he_o do_v one_o than_o corn_n will_v be_v as_o cheap_a at_o ten_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n as_o it_o be_v before_o at_o five_o shilling_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la 11._o it_o behoove_v we_o therefore_o to_o have_v a_o way_n whereby_o to_o tell_v the_o money_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v and_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o without_o cost_n and_o which_o be_v more_o without_o look_v into_o particular_a man_n pocket_n of_o which_o hereafter_o now_o if_o we_o know_v what_o gold_n and_o silver_n we_o have_v in_o england_n two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o can_v tell_v it_o again_o now_o and_o though_o we_o also_o know_v the_o difference_n of_o our_o denomination_n then_o when_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n be_v make_v out_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n as_o sixty_o two_o be_v now_o also_o that_o of_o the_o alloy_n labour_n in_o coinage_n remedy_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n nay_o if_o we_o also_o know_v the_o labourer_n wage_n then_o and_o now_o yet_o all_o this_o will_v not_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o our_o nation_n even_o in_o money_n alone_o 12._o wherefore_o we_o must_v add_v to_o the_o premise_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n and_o conclude_v that_o if_o all_o the_o money_n in_o the_o nation_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o all_o the_o people_n both_o then_o and_o now_o that_o that_o time_n wherein_o each_o devisee_fw-mi have_v wherewith_o to_o hire_v most_o labourer_n be_v the_o rich_a so_o that_o we_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o people_n and_o bullion_n which_o be_v now_o in_o this_o land_n and_o which_o be_v heretofore_o all_o which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v find_v out_o even_o for_o the_o time_n past_a but_o more_o probable_o for_o the_o time_n present_a and_o to_o come_v 13._o but_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v we_o have_v they_o than_o we_o will_v pitch_v the_o accidental_a value_n upon_o our_o land_n about_o london_n as_o thus_o viz._n we_o will_v first_o at_o hazard_n compute_v the_o material_n for_o food_n and_o cover_n which_o the_o

belong_v 29._o concern_v penalty_n and_o penal_a law_n i_o shall_v add_v but_o this_o that_o the_o abuse_n of_o they_o be_v when_o they_o be_v make_v not_o to_o keep_v man_n from_o sin_n but_o to_o draw_v they_o into_o punishment_n and_o when_o the_o executer_n of_o they_o keep_v they_o hide_v until_o a_o fault_n be_v do_v and_o then_o show_v they_o terrible_a to_o the_o poor_a immalicious_a offender_n just_o like_o sentinel_n who_o never_o show_v man_n the_o advertisement_n against_o piss_v near_o their_o guard_n till_o they_o have_v catch_v they_o by_o the_o coat_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n they_o claim_v chap._n xi_o of_o monopoly_n and_o office_n monopoly_n as_o the_o word_n signify_v be_v the_o sole_a sell_v power_n which_o whosoever_o have_v can_v vend_n the_o commodity_n whereupon_o he_o have_v this_o power_n either_o qualify_v as_o himself_o please_v or_o at_o what_o price_n he_o please_v or_o both_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o commission_n 2._o the_o great_a example_n of_o a_o monopoly_n be_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o gabel_n upon_o salt_n whereby_o he_o sell_v that_o for_o sixty_o which_o cost_v he_o but_o one_o now_o salt_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o universal_a use_n to_o all_o degree_n of_o man_n and_o scarce_o more_o to_o the_o poor_a than_o the_o rich_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o the_o simple_a poll-money_n abovemention_v in_o case_n all_o man_n spend_v equal_o of_o it_o or_o if_o man_n be_v force_v to_o take_v it_o whether_o they_o spend_v it_o or_o not_o as_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v but_o if_o man_n spend_v or_o eat_v salt_n unequal_o as_o they_o common_o do_v nor_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v or_o pay_v for_o more_o than_o they_o spend_v then_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o accumulative_a excize_n especial_o if_o the_o salt_n be_v all_o of_o one_o uniform_a goodness_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a species_n of_o levy_n viz._n a_o monopoly_n 3._o the_o use_n or_o pretence_n of_o institute_v a_o monopoly_n be_v first_o right_o of_o invention_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o law_n do_v reward_v invention_n by_o grant_v they_o a_o monopoly_n of_o they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o here_o in_o england_n for_o fourteen_o year_n for_o thereby_o the_o inventor_n be_v reward_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o acceptance_n which_o his_o invention_n find_v among_o man_n where_o note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o few_o new_a invention_n be_v ever_o reward_v by_o a_o monopoly_n for_o although_o the_o inventor_n oftentimes_o drink_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o merit_n think_v all_o the_o world_n will_v invade_v and_o encroach_v upon_o he_o yet_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n will_v scarce_o be_v hire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o new_a practice_n which_o themselves_o have_v not_o thorough_o try_v and_o which_o length_n of_o time_n have_v not_o vindicate_v from_o latent_fw-la inconvenience_n so_o as_o when_o a_o new_a invention_n be_v first_o propound_v in_o the_o begin_n every_o man_n object_n and_o the_o poor_a inventor_n run_v the_o gantloop_n of_o all_o petulant_a wit_n every_o man_n find_v his_o several_a flaw_n no_o man_n approve_v it_o unless_o mend_v according_a to_o his_o own_o advice_n now_o not_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o outlive_v this_o torture_n and_o those_o that_o do_v be_v at_o length_n so_o change_v by_o the_o various_a contrivanee_n of_o other_o that_o not_o any_o one_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o whole_a nor_o well_o agree_v about_o their_o respective_a share_n in_o the_o part_n and_o moreover_o this_o common_o be_v so_o long_a a_o do_v that_o the_o poor_a inventor_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o disable_v by_o the_o debt_n contract_v to_o pursue_v his_o design_n and_o withal_o rail_v upon_o as_o a_o projector_n or_o worse_o by_o those_o who_o join_v their_o money_n in_o partnership_n with_o his_o wit_n so_o as_o the_o say_a inventor_n and_o his_o pretence_n be_v whole_o lose_v and_o vanish_v second_o a_o monopoly_n may_v be_v of_o real_a use_n for_o a_o time_n viz._n at_o the_o first_o introduce_v of_o a_o new_a manufacture_n wherein_o be_v much_o nicety_n to_o make_v it_o well_o and_o which_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n can_v judge_v of_o as_o to_o the_o performance_n as_o for_o example_n suppose_v there_o be_v some_o most_o approve_a medicament_n which_o one_o certain_a man_n can_v make_v most_o exact_o well_o although_o several_a other_o can_v also_o make_v the_o same_o less_o perfect_o in_o this_o case_n this_o same_o chief_a artist_n may_v be_v allow_v a_o monopoly_n for_o a_o time_n viz._n until_o other_o have_v have_v experience_n enough_o under_o he_o how_o to_o make_v the_o medicament_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o first_o because_o the_o world_n may_v not_o have_v the_o medicament_n various_o make_v when_o as_o they_o can_v neither_o discern_v the_o difference_n by_o their_o sense_n nor_o judge_v of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o à_fw-fr posteriori_fw-la by_o their_o reason_n second_o because_o other_o may_v be_v full_o instruct_v by_o he_o that_o can_v best_o do_v it_o and_o three_o because_o he_o may_v have_v a_o reward_n for_o such_o his_o communication_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o monopoly_n of_o this_o kind_n great_a levy_n be_v seldom_o make_v they_o be_v scarce_o pertinent_a to_o our_o design_n office_n institute_v by_o the_o state_n with_o fee_n of_o their_o own_o appointment_n be_v of_o parallel_a nature_n to_o monopoly_n the_o one_o relate_v to_o action_n and_o employment_n as_o the_o other_o to_o thing_n and_o have_v the_o same_o to_o be_v say_v for_o and_o against_o they_o as_o monopoly_n have_v as_o a_o kingdom_n increase_v and_o flourish_v so_o do_v variety_n of_o thing_n of_o action_n and_o even_o of_o word_n increase_v also_o for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o language_n of_o the_o most_o flourish_a empire_n be_v ever_o the_o most_o copious_a and_o elegant_a and_o that_o of_o mountainous_a canton_n the_o contrary_a now_o as_o the_o action_n of_o this_o kingdom_n increase_v so_o do_v the_o office_n that_o be_v the_o power_n and_o faculty_n of_o sole_o execute_v and_o perform_v the_o say_a action_n increase_v likewise_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o the_o business_n of_o office_n increase_v so_o do_v the_o difficulty_n and_o danger_n of_o discharge_v they_o amiss_o decrease_v proportionable_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o office_n which_o at_o their_o first_o erect_v be_v not_o perform_v but_o by_o the_o able_a most_o inventive_a and_o versatile_a instrument_n such_o as_o can_v wrestle_v with_o all_o emergent_a difficulty_n and_o collect_v rule_n and_o axiom_n out_o of_o the_o series_n of_o their_o own_o observation_n with_o reference_n to_o the_o various_a casualty_n of_o their_o employment_n whereby_o to_o direct_v posterity_n be_v now_o perform_v by_o the_o most_o ordinary_a formal_a packhorse_n deputy_n and_o sub-deputy_n and_o whereas_o at_o first_o such_o large_a fee_n be_v allow_v as_o consider_v even_o the_o paucity_n of_o they_o which_o may_v then_o be_v receive_v shall_v compensate_a the_o art_n trust_v and_o industry_n of_o the_o administratour_n yet_o the_o large_a say_a fee_n be_v still_o continue_v although_o the_o skill_n and_o trust_n be_v lessen_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o say_a fee_n so_o extreme_o multiply_v so_o as_o now_o the_o profit_n of_o such_o officer_n be_v become_v clear_a and_o the_o work_n so_o easy_a as_o any_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o even_o those_o that_o never_o see_v it_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v for_o year_n or_o life_n as_o any_o other_o annuity_n may_v be_v and_o withal_o the_o splendour_n arise_v from_o the_o easy_a gain_n of_o those_o place_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v call_v the_o flourish_a of_o the_o law_n which_o certain_o flourish_v best_a when_o the_o professor_n and_o minister_n of_o it_o have_v least_o to_o do_v and_o moreover_o when_o the_o burden_n and_o uselessness_n of_o such_o a_o office_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o spare_v as_o a_o subject_n freehold_a in_o favour_n of_o he_o that_o buy_v it_o of_o these_o office_n be_v many_o in_o this_o nation_n and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v a_o revenue_n to_o the_o king_n either_o by_o their_o annual_a profit_n or_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o for_o many_o year_n together_o and_o these_o be_v the_o office_n that_o be_v proper_o saleable_a viz._n where_o the_o fee_n be_v large_a as_o appoint_v when_o the_o number_n of_o they_o be_v few_o and_o also_o numerous_a as_o multiply_v upon_o the_o increase_n of_o business_n and_o where_o the_o business_n be_v only_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o mean_a man_n length_n of_o time_n have_v make_v all_o the_o work_n so_o easy_a and_o find_v out_o security_n against_o all_o the_o fraud_n breach_n of_o trust_n and_o male-administrations_a whereunto_o

in_o effect_n but_o at_o half_a the_o usual_a rate_n which_o unto_o they_o that_o want_v such_o commodity_n will_v as_o well_o yield_v the_o full_a so_o that_o abate_v our_o price_n will_v as_o well_o allure_v stranger_n to_o buy_v extraordinary_a proportion_n of_o our_o commodity_n as_o raise_v their_o money_n will_v do_v but_o neither_o that_o nor_o abate_v the_o price_n will_v make_v stranger_n use_v more_o of_o our_o commodity_n then_o they_o want_v for_o although_o the_o first_o year_n they_o shall_v carry_v away_o a_o unuseful_a and_o superfluous_a proportion_n yet_o afterward_o they_o will_v take_v so_o much_o the_o less_o 14._o if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o in_o substance_n it_o be_v why_o then_o have_v so_o many_o wise_a state_n in_o several_a ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a time_n frequent_o practise_v this_o artifice_n as_o a_o mean_n to_o draw_v in_o money_n into_o their_o respective_a dominion_n i_o answer_v that_o something_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o stupidity_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n who_o can_v of_o a_o sudden_a understand_v this_o matter_n for_o i_o find_v many_o man_n wise_a enough_o who_o though_o they_o be_v well_o inform_v that_o raise_n of_o money_n signify_v little_a yet_o can_v sudden_o digest_v it_o as_o for_o example_n a_o unengage_v person_n who_o have_v money_n in_o his_o purse_n in_o england_n and_o shall_v hear_v that_o a_o shilling_n be_v make_v fourteen_o penny_n in_o ireland_n will_v more_o ready_o run_v thither_o to_o buy_v land_n then_o before_o not_o sudden_o apprehend_v that_o for_o the_o same_o land_n which_o he_o may_v have_v buy_v before_o for_o six_o year_n purchase_n he_o shall_v now_o pay_v seven_o nor_o will_v seller_n in_o ireland_n of_o a_o sudden_a apprehend_v cause_n to_o raise_v their_o land_n proportional_o but_o will_v at_o least_o be_v content_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n viz._n to_o sell_v at_o six_o and_o a_o half_a and_o if_o the_o difference_n be_v a_o more_o ragged_a fraction_n man_n under_o a_o long_a time_n will_v not_o apprehend_v it_o nor_o ever_o be_v able_a exact_o to_o govern_v their_o practice_n according_a to_o it_o 15._o second_o although_o i_o apprehend_v little_a real_a difference_n between_o raise_v foreign_a money_n to_o double_a and_o abase_v half_a in_o the_o price_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n yet_o to_o sell_v they_o on_o on_o a_o tacit_a condition_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a present_a money_n shall_v increase_v our_o money_n forasmuch_o as_o between_o raise_v the_o money_n and_o abase_v the_o price_n be_v the_o same_o difference_n as_o between_o sell_v for_o money_n and_o in_o barter_n which_o latter_a be_v the_o dear_a or_o between_o sell_v for_o present_a money_n and_o for_o time_n barter_v resolve_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o uncertain_a time_n 16._o i_o say_v suppose_v english_a cloth_n be_v sell_v at_o six_o shilling_n a_o yard_n and_o french_a canvas_n at_o eighteen_o penny_n the_o ell_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v all_o one_o in_o order_n to_o increase_v money_n in_o england_n to_o raise_v the_o french_a money_n double_a or_o to_o abate_v half_a of_o the_o price_n of_o our_o cloth_n i_o think_v the_o former_a because_o that_o former_a way_n or_o proposition_n carry_v with_o it_o a_o condition_n of_o have_v foreign_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la and_o not_o canvas_n in_o barter_n between_o which_o two_o way_n the_o world_n general_o agree_v there_o be_v a_o difference_n wherefore_o if_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o abate_v half_a our_o price_n but_o will_v not_o do_v it_o but_o for_o our_o neighbour_n money_n than_o we_o gain_v so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a difference_n between_o money_n and_o barter_n amount_v unto_o by_o such_o raise_n of_o our_o neighbour_n money_n 17._o but_o the_o fundamental_a solution_n of_o this_o question_n depend_v upon_o a_o real_a and_o not_o a_o imaginary_a way_n of_o compute_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n in_o order_n to_o which_o real_a way_n i_o premise_v these_o supposition_n first_o then_o suppose_v there_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n a_o thousand_o people_n let_v these_o people_n be_v suppose_v sufficient_a to_o till_o this_o whole_a territory_n as_o to_o the_o husbandry_n of_o corn_n which_o we_o will_v suppose_v to_o contain_v all_o necessary_n for_o life_n as_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n we_o suppose_v the_o word_n bread_n do_v and_o let_v the_o production_n of_o a_o bushel_n of_o this_o corn_n be_v suppose_v of_o equal_a labour_n to_o that_o of_o produce_v a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n suppose_v again_o that_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o this_o land_n and_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n viz._n a_o hundred_o of_o they_o can_v produce_v corn_n enough_o for_o the_o whole_a suppose_v that_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n find_v out_o as_o abovementioned_a be_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a product_n about_o which_o proportion_n it_o real_o be_v as_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o pay_v a_o four_o sheaf_n instead_o of_o rent_n in_o some_o place_n suppose_v also_o that_o whereas_o but_o a_o hundred_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o husbandry_n yet_o that_o two_o hundred_o have_v take_v up_o the_o trade_n and_o suppose_v that_o where_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n will_v suffice_v yet_o man_n out_o of_o delicacy_n will_v use_v two_o make_v use_n of_o the_o flower_n only_o of_o both_o now_o the_o inference_n from_o hence_o be_v first_o that_o the_o goodness_n or_o badness_n or_o the_o value_n of_o land_n depend_v upon_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a share_n of_o the_o product_v give_v for_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o simple_a labour_n bestow_v to_o raise_v the_o say_a product_n second_o that_o the_o proportion_n between_o corn_n and_o silver_n signific_a only_o a_o artificial_a value_n not_o a_o natural_a because_o the_o comparison_n be_v between_o a_o thing_n natural_o useful_a and_o a_o thing_n in_o itself_o unnecessary_a which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v part_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a change_n and_o leap_v in_o the_o pro●●ed_n of_o silver_n as_o of_o other_o commodity_n three_o that_o natural_a dearness_n and_o cheapness_n depend_v upon_o the_o few_o or_o more_o hand_n requisite_a to_o necessary_n of_o nature_n as_o corn_n be_v cheap_a where_o one_o man_n produce_v corn_n for_o ten_o then_o where_o he_o can_v do_v the_o like_o but_o for_o six_o and_o withal_o according_a as_o the_o climate_n dispose_v man_n to_o a_o necessity_n of_o spend_v more_o or_o less_o but_o political_a cheapness_n depend_v upon_o the_o paucity_n of_o supernumerary_a interloper_n into_o any_o trade_n over_o and_o above_o all_o that_o be_v necessary_a viz._n corn_n will_v be_v twice_o as_o dear_o where_o be_v two_o hundred_o husbandman_n to_o do_v the_o same_o work_n which_o a_o hundred_o can_v perform_v the_o proportion_n thereof_o be_v compound_v with_o the_o proportion_n of_o superfluous_a expense_n viz._n if_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o dearness_n abovementioned_a be_v add_v to_o the_o double_a expense_n to_o what_o be_v necessary_a then_o the_o natural_a price_n will_v appear_v quadruple_v and_o this_o quadruple_a price_n be_v the_o true_a political_a price_n compute_v upon_o natural_a ground_n and_o this_o again_o proportion_v to_o the_o common_a artificial_a standard_n silver_n give_v what_o be_v seek_v that_o be_v the_o true_a price_n currant_n 18._o but_o forasmuch_o as_o almost_o all_o commodity_n have_v their_o substitute_n or_o succedanea_n and_o that_o almost_o all_o use_n may_v be_v answer_v several_a way_n and_o for_o that_o novelty_n surprise_n example_n of_o superior_n and_o opinion_n of_o unexaminable_a effect_n do_v add_v or_o take_v away_o from_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n we_o must_v add_v these_o contingent_a cause_n to_o the_o permanent_a cause_n abovemention_v in_o the_o judicious_a foresight_n and_o computation_n whereof_o lie_v the_o excellency_n of_o a_o merchant_n now_o to_o apply_v this_o digression_n i_o say_v that_o to_o increase_v money_n it_o be_v as_o well_o necessary_a to_o know_v how_o to_o abate_v the_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o that_o of_o money_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o the_o say_a digression_n 19_o to_o conclude_v this_o whole_a chapter_n we_o say_v that_o raise_v or_o embase_v of_o money_n be_v a_o very_a pitiful_a and_o unequal_a way_n of_o tax_v the_o people_n and_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o state_n sink_v which_o catch_v hold_v on_o such_o weed_n as_o be_v accompany_v with_o the_o dishonour_n of_o impress_v a_o prince_n effigy_n to_o justify_v adulterate_a commodity_n and_o the_o breach_n of_o public_a faith_n such_o as_o be_v the_o call_v a_o thing_n what_o it_o real_o be_v not_o chap._n xv._n of_o excize_n it_o be_v general_o allow_v by_o all_o that_o man_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n but_o according_a to_o the_o share_n and_o interest_n they_o have_v in_o the_o public_a peace_n that_o