Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	great_a	king_n	normandy_n	4,212	5	10.9535	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68397	The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English	Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1573 (1573)	STC 16636; ESTC S108126	73,902	228

water_n either_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o aberconwy_n abertivi_fw-la abertawy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o conway_n tibius_n and_o tobius_n or_o into_o some_o great_a river_n as_o aber_n hodni_fw-la abergevenni_fw-la to_o say_v the_o fall_n of_o hodnus_fw-la and_o gevenus_fw-la into_o osca_n moreover_o we_o call_v mouth_n and_o entrance_n of_o river_n aber_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n more_o thereto_o as_o in_o carnaruanshyre_n between_o conovium_fw-la and_o banchorium_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v aber_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o aestus_fw-la do_v which_o be_v the_o rage_n fall_v or_o force_v of_o water_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o ptolomaeus_n above_o these_o be_v the_o damnij_n who_o chief_a city_n antoninus_n make_v vandagora_n to_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o valley_n ofdam_n whereby_o i_o conjecture_v that_o they_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v now_o westmerlandshyremen_n the_o selgovij_fw-la and_o otadeni_n in_o time_n westmoreland_n past_a inhabit_v cumberland_n at_o the_o very_a brim_n of_o the_o uallie_o stand_v a_o most_o ancient_a city_n ptolomeus_n call_v it_o lucopibia_n antoninus_n luguballia_n the_o britain_n and_o englishman_n term_v it_o caerloyl_v and_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o the_o novantes_fw-la not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n as_o malmsburiensis_n report_v there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v with_o this_o inscription_n in_o token_n of_o marius_n victory_n which_o token_n of_o triumph_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v by_o meurigus_n who_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n have_v term_v more_o apt_o aruiragus_n othersome_a marius_n in_o token_n that_o the_o redshank_n be_v there_o vanquish_v rodericus_fw-la vanquish_v be_v their_o king_n which_o at_o that_o season_n as_o the_o saxon_n do_v exercise_v piracy_n in_o our_o sea_n until_o at_o length_n one_o part_n of_o they_o settle_v in_o albania_n and_o other_o in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o country_n together_o with_o gallovidia_fw-la so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cluda_n unto_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 870_o be_v in_o the_o britain_n possession_n at_o what_o time_n be_v by_o the_o scot_n dane_n and_o englishman_n disquiet_v with_o many_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o end_n their_o king_n constantinus_n slay_v at_o lochmaba_n in_o anandra_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v into_o wales_n to_o their_o countryman_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o english_a saxon_n forcible_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o conway_n and_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n which_o they_o possess_v and_o there_o appoint_v a_o kingdom_n which_o of_o the_o river_n cluda_n on_o who_o shore_n they_o dwell_v be_v of_o our_o countryman_n call_v struteluyd_v of_o marianus_n scotus_n corrupt_o streadiylead_v of_o the_o wallane_n they_o have_v many_o conflict_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v until_o at_o length_n their_o last_o king_n die_v at_o rome_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n this_o marianus_n the_o chief_a historiographer_n of_o his_o time_n one_o of_o late_a have_v cause_v to_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n be_v imperfect_a and_o lack_v the_o better_a part_n of_o set_a purpose_n as_o himself_o confess_v because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n in_o like_a manner_n sleydan_n while_o he_o turn_v his_o abbridgement_n of_o frossard_n into_o latin_a be_v too_o too_o much_o partial_a to_o the_o frenchman_n either_o overpass_v with_o silence_n the_o most_o noble_a &_o valiant_a deed_n of_o the_o englishman_n or_o vari_v from_o his_o author_n report_v they_o otherwise_o then_o frossard_n have_v write_v wherefore_o i_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v of_o martial_a the_o poet_n very_o well_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o now_o thou_o do_v turn_v oh_o fidentine_n the_o book_n be_v i_o but_o when_o thou_o turn_v he_o ill_o then_o he_o begin_v for_o to_o be_v thou_o but_o this_o much_o by_o the_o way_n the_o last_o of_o the_o northumberlandshyreman_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o lhoëgr_n follow_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o lancashyre_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o who_o the_o river_n call_v of_o the_o englishman_n merssee_n divide_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n march._n of_o who_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n in_o england_n be_v so_o call_v it_o be_v soon_o prove_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n that_o these_o be_v call_v ordovici_fw-la in_o old_a time_n for_o the_o ordovici_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v more_o south-west_n than_o the_o brigant_n do_v since_o therefore_o that_o yorkeshyre_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o brigant_n in_o vain_a with_o boethius_n we_o seek_v they_o in_o scotland_n and_o much_o more_o in_o norfolk_n with_o polydorus_n wherefore_o renounce_v these_o fable_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o ordovici_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o lancas_n hyreman_n but_o also_o the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n and_o shrops_n hyreman_n be_v recompt_v of_o tacitus_n for_o a_o great_a city_n in_o this_o city_n place_n i_o call_v a_o city_n as_o caesar_n do_v a_o whole_a convent_n or_o kingdom_n for_o look_v how_o many_o city_n there_o be_v so_o many_o kyngedome_n in_o old_a time_n be_v in_o britain_n which_o several_o wage_a battle_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v all_o the_o soon_o overcummen_v among_o the_o city_n of_o these_o kingdom_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v mediolanun_n call_v now_o lancastre_n lancastre_n mancunium_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n be_v call_v manchestre_n their_o king_n in_o time_n past_a be_v cataracus_n manchester_n who_o fame_n be_v know_v above_o the_o sky_n who_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o continual_a year_n very_o much_o molest_v the_o roman_n with_o war_n at_o length_n be_v take_v by_o treason_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o lead_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n for_o vanquishing_n cataracus_n then_o do_v scipio_n for_o syphax_n or_o lucius_n paulus_n for_o perses_n as_o tacitus_n write_v two_o most_o puissant_a king_n bring_v home_o in_o show_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o here_o can_v i_o not_o marvel_v enough_o what_o come_v in_o mind_n to_o that_o boëthius_n not_o the_o trojan_a but_o the_o scot_n for_o alas_o what_o one_o be_v he_o how_o far_o from_o that_o same_o hector_n sore_o he_o change_v be_v that_o in_o achilles_n spoil_n come_v home_o before_o impudent_o to_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o scot_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o world_n but_o if_o there_o be_v it_o be_v so_o enfold_v in_o darkness_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n or_o as_o haymo_n armenius_n write_v of_o a_o certain_a nation_n it_o have_v so_o blear_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o people_n and_o country_n that_o the_o scot_n be_v invisible_o conversant_a between_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n polydorus_n also_o write_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o the_o ordulacae_fw-la when_o neither_o tacitus_n nor_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o same_o but_o 12_o of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la and_o tacitus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la but_o also_o of_o the_o siluri_n which_o siluri_n dwell_v not_o in_o scotland_n siluri_n but_o in_o southwales_n as_o in_o another_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v prove_v more_o plain_o and_o i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o shrops_n hire_n with_o other_o about_o certain_a business_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o right_a honoble_a earl_n of_o arundel_n where_o some_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n lie_v i_o chance_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o view_n of_o a_o place_n exceed_o well_o fortify_a both_o by_o nature_n &_o art_n the_o situation_n whereof_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o triple_a ditch_n of_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v iij._o gate_n not_o direct_o but_o a_o shoshe_fw-mi the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o on_o three_o side_n steep_v headlong_o place_n and_o compass_v with_o two_o river_n on_o the_o lift_v hand_n with_o colun_n or_o clun_n on_o the_o right_n with_o themis_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v tevidia_fw-la and_o accessible_a but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o these_o thing_n when_o i_o behold_v i_o understand_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o this_o place_n be_v call_v caër_fw-la caradoc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n caradoc_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o fierce_a battle_n fight_v there_o against_o a_o certain_a king_n call_v caradoc_n who_o at_o last_o be_v vanquish_v and_o take_v of_o his_o enemy_n for_o our_o countryman_n ca●_n not_o only_o wall_v city_n &_o town_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n place_n which_o be_v entrench_v and_o wall_v by_o the_o name_n caër_fw-la as_o i_o will_v prove_v afterward_o by_o

example_n of_o many_o &_o diverse_a place_n of_o wales_n wherefore_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o this_o place_n be_v within_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o siluri_n &_o the_o ordovici_fw-la for_o it_o be_v scarce_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o colun_n or_o clun_n castle_n which_o be_v castle_n the_o patrimony_n &_o inheritance_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n of_o fytz_n alane_n in_o england_n &_o that_o it_o so_o agree_v in_o all_o point_n with_o the_o description_n of_o tacitꝰ_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v want_v i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a self_n same_o place_n in_o which_o ostorius_n contend_v with_o cataracus_n in_o battle_n &_o vanquish_v he_o from_o whence_o fly_v &_o put_v himself_o in_o trust_n to_o the_o faith_n &_o creditie_n of_o cartimandua_n the_o queen_n of_o brigant_n be_v by_o she_o betray_v moreover_o that_o name_n of_o cataracus_n be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o welshman_n that_o many_o prince_n &_o noble_a man_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n among_o who_o at_o that_o time_n trahernus_n the_o son_n of_o caradoc_n rule_v north-wales_n fleanchus_n as_o the_o scot_n say_v son_n to_o banguho_fw-it after_o that_o king_n macabaeus_fw-la have_v slay_v his_o father_n by_o flight_n escape_v into_o wales_n on_o who_o daughter_n by_o secret_a access_n but_o infortunate_a and_o miserable_a to_o the_o parent_n he_o beget_v walter_n who_o be_v the_o first_o of_o stuarts_n the_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n that_o be_v of_o renoun_n from_o who_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v vaunt_v themselves_o to_o have_v descend_v but_o i_o suppose_v it_o more_o likely_a that_o he_o who_o they_o report_v to_o be_v the_o nephew_n of_o trahernus_n the_o scot_n bear_v of_o his_o daughter_n and_o his_o father_n a_o scot_n in_o north-wales_n a_o thing_n much_o disagree_v from_o the_o truth_n rather_o to_o be_v one_o of_o trahernus_n own_o child_n which_o by_o gryffine_fw-la son_n unto_o conane_n together_o with_o caradoc_n gryffine_fw-la and_o meylere_a rywallon_n son_n be_v vanquish_v and_o slay_v and_o that_o this_o walter_n escape_v by_o flight_n into_o scotland_n and_o there_o attain_a to_o great_a honour_n and_o this_o can_v be_v no_o great_a fraud_n or_o disgrace_a to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o stuarts_n that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o antique_a british_a king_n from_o which_o also_o most_o honourable_a family_n the_o same_o owen_n tuder_n grandfather_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n lineal_o descend_v by_o the_o father_n side_n as_o we_o will_v declare_v in_o our_o description_n of_o wales_n and_o not_o from_o any_o mean_a or_o base_a degree_n as_o false_a and_o impudent_a meyerus_n a_o fleming_n stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v now_o that_o we_o have_v scotland_n wander_v over_o all_o england_n call_v lhoegr_n let_v we_o next_o in_o order_fw-fr proceed_v to_o the_o second_o region_n of_o britain_n which_o of_o our_o countryman_n be_v call_v albania_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n scotland_n this_o same_o in_o old●_n time_n be_v of_o the_o roman_n call_v the_o second_o britain_n for_o sextus_n ruffus_n recite_v five_o province_n of_o britain_n maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n caesariensis_n which_o i_o do_v take_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o by_o julius_n caesar_n be_v make_v tributary_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o wit_n kent_n the_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxons_n and_o the_o region_n of_o atrabates_n the_o second_o be_v flavia_n which_o by_o like_a conjecture_n be_v thereto_o move_v i_o suppose_v to_o be_v that_o which_o by_o vespasian_n who_o descend_v of_o the_o family_n flavia_n be_v by_o he_o set_v upon_o and_o subdue_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n which_o afterward_o be_v make_v part_n of_o the_o westsaxons_n king_n doom_n the_o third_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o britain_n which_o lie_v forth_o from_o the_o thames_n to_o the_o valley_n or_o trench_n the_o four_o be_v the_o less_o and_o the_o second_o britain_n comprise_v scotland_n it_o remain_v then_o of_o necessity_n that_o wales_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o valentia_n which_o make_v up_o the_o five_o province_n howbeit_o ammianus_n write_v that_o that_o province_n which_o by_o theodosius_n captain_n to_o valentinia_n v●lentia_n be_v take_v when_o he_o have_v drive_v thence_o the_o redshank_n and_o scot_n be_v then_o of_o the_o emperor_n name_n call_v valentia_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n inhabit_v these_o province_n both_o our_o own_o and_o the_o roman_a writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n neither_o be_v there_o ●uer_o any_o writer_n of_o name_n that_o make_v mention_n either_o of_o scot_n or_o redshank_n before_o vespasians_n time_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n incarnation_n threescore_o and_o twelve_o at_o what_o time_n meurigus_n or_o maus_n or_o aruiragus_n reign_v in_o britain_n for_o our_o chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o a_o nation_n which_o live_v by_o piracy_n &_o rove_a on_o the_o sea_n come_n forth_o of_o suevia_n or_o norway_n have_v one_o rhythercus_fw-la to_o their_o captain_n and_o land_v in_o albania_n waste_v all_o the_o country_n with_o rob_n and_o spoil_a so_o far_o as_o caerleyl_n where_o he_o be_v discomfit_v and_o slay_v by_o meurigus_n &_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n also_o &_o those_o which_o escape_v flee_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o so_o convey_v themselves_o into_o the_o orchades_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o scotland_n where_o they_o quiet_o abide_v a_o great_a while_n they_o call_v they_o phichtiaid_n that_o be_v to_o say_v phichtiani_fw-la in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o call_v in_o the_o scottish_a and_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o paint_v of_o their_o body_n since_o they_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n before_o that_o they_o be_v ever_o know_v to_o the_o latin_n neither_o be_v they_o these_o but_o the_o britain_n of_o who_o caesar_n and_o other_o do_v report_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o paint_v their_o body_n blow_v with_o woad_n that_o they_o may_v appear_v the_o more_o terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n and_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n which_o seem_v to_o argue_v antiquity_n blow_v cou●er_n be_v call_v glass_n by_o ●●as_fw-la which_o name_n also_o that_o herb_n not_o altogether_o unlike_o a_o plantain_n very_o well_o know_v now_o to_o merchant_n be_v call_v beside_o all_o this_o the_o roman_n which_o first_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o people_n term_v they_o not_o picti_n but_o pictones_n these_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o after_o that_o they_o have_v take_v heart_n of_o grass_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o some_o power_n out_o of_o these_o island_n in_o their_o little_a leathern_a boat_n such_o as_o our_o fisherman_n do_v use_v now_o a_o day_n along_o scotland_n be_v want_v to_o rob_v and_o sp●yie_a shepherd_n and_o husbandman_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 290._o when_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n be_v both_o encumber_v with_o civil_a war_n for_o the_o purple_a robe_n which_o carausius_n wear_v and_o after_o he_o alectus_n they_o enter_v general_o into_o cathanesia_n and_o caledonia_n and_o drive_v thence_o the_o british_a shepherd_n and_o herdsman_n and_o calling_n unto_o they_o the_o gatheli_n out_o of_o ireland_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o scot_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o provoke_v the_o britain_n in_o open_a war_n for_o the_o scot_n come_v of_o the_o irish_a brood_n as_o they_o themselves_o original_a and_o other_o do_v know_v very_o well_o and_o be_v term_v amongst_o our_o countryman_n by_o the_o same_o name_n to_o wit_n gwydhyl_v which_o as_o their_o own_o history_n do_v testify_v be_v the_o most_o ancient_a name_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o that_o the_o same_o nation_n come_v forth_o of_o cantabria_n now_o biscaya_n &_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n into_o ireland_n and_o there_o choose_v they_o a_o place_n of_o abode_n both_o we_o and_o their_o own_o writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n but_o by_o what_o cause_n or_o occasion_n they_o be_v call_v scot_n true_o i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o i_o do_v quite_o reject_v the_o egyptian_a fable_n of_o scota_n and_o the_o scota_fw-la self_n same_o language_n and_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n with_o the_o irishman_n and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o britain_n by_o one_o name_n declare_v sufficient_o that_o they_o come_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o southernman_n of_o they_o be_v not_o true_a scot_n but_o bear_v and_o beget_v rather_o of_o englishman_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_a fly_v at_o the_o come_v of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n depart_v into_o scotlan_n and_o do_v boast_n to_o this_o day_n that_o

arfon_n by_o the_o river_n conway_n of_o who_o antoninus_n &_o ptolomaeus_n do_v speak_v under_o the_o name_n of_o novius_fw-la in_o this_o beside_o the_o forename_a river_n stand_v a_o most_o antique_a city_n of_o the_o britain_n call_v dyganwy_n in_o rosse_n of_o the_o englishman_n gannock_n &_o ▪_o famous_a in_o tacitus_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cangorum_fw-la whereof_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o roman_n cangi_n and_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o promontory_n of_o the_o jangani_fw-la which_o they_o call_v now_o gogarth_n a_o place_n so_o fortify_v by_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v take_v by_o man_n strength_n this_o city_n as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o seat_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o britain_n when_o as_o now_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o quail_v as_o namely_o of_o maylgun_v caduanus_fw-la cadwalla_n who_o bede_n term_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v his_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o of_o cadwalladar_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n this_o city_n the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n eight_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o cananus_n dyndaythuy_n reign_v in_o wales_n be_v strike_v with_o lighten_v from_o heaven_n and_o burn_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v afterward_o restore_v howbeit_o the_o name_n remain_v to_o the_o place_n to_o this_o day_n out_o o●_n who_o rubbish_n conovia_n be_v build_v lincoln_n moreover_o in_o this_o territory_n in_o rhyfaniacum_fw-la henry_n lacey_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n to_o who_o the_o conquer_v our_o thereof_o edward_n the_o first_o give_v that_o land_n erect_v a_o very_a stout_a castle_n not_o only_o by_o natural_a situation_n but_o also_o by_o a_o wall_n of_o wonderful_a thickness_n make_v of_o a_o very_a hard_a kind_n of_o stone_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o strong_a and_o best_a defense_a thing_n in_o england_n add_v also_o thereto_o a_o town_n wall_v about_o which_o by_o the_o ancient_a name_n he_o call_v dynbech_n although_o those_o which_o come_v afterward_o term_v it_o denbigh_n this_o fine_a town_n and_o my_o sweet_a denbigh_n country_n be_v compass_v wellnigh_o about_o with_o very_o fair_a park_n &_o stand_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o a_o exceed_a pleasant_a ualley_n abound_v plentiful_o with_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o man_n the_o hill_n yield_v flesh_n and_o white_a meat_n the_o most_o fertile_a ualley_n very_o good_a corn_n and_o grass_n the_o sweet_a river_n with_o the_o sea_n at_o hand_n minister_v all_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o foul_a strange_a wynes_z come_v thither_o forth_o of_o spain_n france_n &_o greece_n abundant_o and_o be_v the_o chief_n town_n of_o the_o shire_n stand_v in_o the_o very_o middle_a of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v a_o great_a market_n town_n famous_a and_o much_o frequent_v with_o ware_n and_o people_n from_o all_o part_n of_o north-wales_n the_o indweller_n have_v the_o use_n of_o both_o tongue_n and_o be_v endue_v by_o king_n of_o england_n with_o many_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n be_v rule_v by_o their_o own_o law_n the_o valley_n nigh_o whereto_o this_o town_n stand_v be_v term_v amongst_o we_o dyphryn_n clwyd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ualley_n of_o clwyd_n it_o be_v almost_o eighteen_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n four_o mile_n in_o other_o some_o six_o on_o the_o east_n west_n and_o south_n side_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o ocean_n sea._n in_o the_o midst_n it_o be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n clwyd_n whereof_o it_o take_v name_n into_o who_o diverse_a other_o little_a stream_n fall_a out_o of_o the_o hill_n do_v discharge_v themselves_o by_o reason_n whereof_o irriguous_a and_o pleasant_a meadow_n &_o plentiful_a pasture_n do_v lie_v about_o the_o bank_n thereof_o in_o the_o entrance_n of_o which_o ualley_n ruthyn_n a_o ancient_a town_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o gray_n from_o gray_n whence_o the_o most_o noble_a family_n among_o the_o englishman_n take_v begin_v be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n stand_v rudhlan_n in_o tegengyl_n sometime_o a_o great_a town_n but_o now_o a_o little_a uyllage_n in_o the_o same_o province_n be_v a_o cathedral_n church_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v lhanel_n wey_n of_o the_o englishman_n s._n assaph_n build_v assaph_n between_o two_o river_n clwyd_n and_o elwey_n i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v that_o there_o be_v one_o elbodius_n arch_a elbodius_n bis●hoppe_n of_o north-wales_n prefer_v unto_o that_o honour_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o first_o of_o all_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n seven_o hundred_o three_o score_n and_o two_o reconcile_a the_o welshman_n to_o the_o romish_a church_n from_o which_o before_o they_o have_v disagree_v for_o the_o britain_n imitate_v the_o asiaticke_a church_n celebrate_v their_o easter_n from_o the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n unto_o the_o twenty_o when_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o nicene_n counsel_n keep_v their_o easter_n from_o the_o fifteen_o to_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o nation_n have_v celebrate_v that_o feast_n on_o diverse_a sunday_n but_o let_v the_o bishop_n take_v regard_n how_o far_o they_o do_v err_v from_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n while_o they_o follow_v that_o uncertain_a rule_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o son_n and_o moon_n which_o they_o call_v the_o golden_a reprove_v number_n be_v therein_o very_o foul_o deceive_v which_o thing_n in_o time_n paste_v be_v object_v for_o a_o crime_n against_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o over_o superstitious_a mounke_n augustine_n and_o likewise_o by_o bede_n which_o to_o much_o attribute_v unto_o such_o title_n in_o somuch_o that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n he_o dare_v term_v they_o heretic_n but_o now_o howbeit_o under_o curse_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n it_o be_v otherwise_o command_v it_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o prelate_n themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o europe_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o see_v of_o s._n assaph_n be_v be_v sometime_o a_o college_n of_o learned_a agonist_n that_o i_o may_v use_v capgraves_n word_n celebrate_v for_o multitude_n under_o centigeme_n a_o scot_n which_o be_v call_v elguense_a or_o eluense_a of_o a_o river_n this_o province_n tegenia_n be_v call_v of_o the_o latin_n igenia_n and_o after_o be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o englishman_n begin_v to_o be_v term_v tegengel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o englishman_n tegenia_n afterwards_o be_v inhabit_v by_o britain_n cumminge_n forth_o of_o scotland_n &_o drive_v the_o englishman_n thence_o with_o the_o ualley_n of_o clwyd_n ruthyn_n and_o rosse_n make_v one_o kingdom_n which_o marianus_n call_v streudglead_v our_o countryman_n term_v it_o stradclwyd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o soil_n of_o clwyd_n for_o this_o word_n strat_n with_o the_o name_n of_o some_o river_n join_v thereto_o do_v usual_o signify_v amongst_o the_o welsh_a man_n a_o vein_n or_o soil_n of_o land_n nigh_o to_o a_o river_n as_o strad_n alyn_n strad_n towyn_n with_o many_o such_o like_a their_o last_o prince_n call_v dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n dunwallon_n when_o the_o dane_n afflict_v all_o britain_n depart_v to_o rome_n the_o year_n after_o the_o incarnation_n 971._o where_o short_o after_o he_o die_v in_o tegenia_n be_v a_o well_o of_o a_o marvellous_a nature_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kilken_a ebb_v and_o flow_v twice_o in_o one_o day_n yet_o have_v i_o mark_v this_o of_o late_a when_o the_o moon_n ascend_v from_o the_o east_n horizon_n to_o the_o south_n at_o what_o time_n all_o sea_n do_v flow_v that_o then_o the_o water_n of_o this_o well_o diminish_v and_o ebb_v and_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o famous_a fountain_n take_v name_n of_o the_o superstitious_a worship_n of_o the_o well_o virgin_n winifred_n which_o boil_v up_o sudden_o out_o of_o a_o place_n which_o they_o call_v sychnant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o dry_a valley_n raise_v forth_o of_o itself_o a_o great_a stream_n which_o run_v immediate_o into_o devanus_fw-la this_o water_n beside_o that_o it_o breed_v moss_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a savour_n be_v also_o most_o wholesome_a unto_o man_n body_n both_o for_o wash_v and_o drink_v and_o of_o very_o good_a taste_n in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o be_v wash_v therein_o be_v cure_v of_o diverse_a infirmity_n wherewith_o they_o be_v bear_v moreover_o in_o tegenia_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a ancient_a monument_n of_o a_o old_a building_n in_o a_o place_n call_v pot_n vary_n sometime_o renown_v by_o roman_a letter_n and_o arm_n the_o town_n which_o they_o call_v flynt_n stand_v upon_o the_o water_n flint_n deva_n be_v

¶_o the_o breviary_n of_o britain_n as_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o renown_a island_n be_v of_o ancient_a time_n divide_v into_o three_o kingdom_n england_n scotland_n and_o wales_n ▪_o contain_v a_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o variable_a state_n &_o alteration_n thereof_o under_o diverse_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o foreign_a prince_n &_o conqueror_n together_o with_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o same_o such_o as_o neither_o by_o elder_n nor_o late_a writer_n the_o like_a have_v be_v set_v forth_o before_o written_a in_o latin_a by_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v of_o denbigh_n a_o cambre_n britain_n and_o late_o english_v by_o thomas_n twine_v gentleman_n 1573._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_n deviere_n lord_n bulbeck_n earl_n of_o oxenford_n lord_n great_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n tho._n twine_n wish_v long_a life_n perfect_a health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o endless_a felicity_n nobility_n be_v a_o precious_a gift_n which_o so_o glitter_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o one_o corporal_a thing_n in_o this_o world_n whereof_o we_o make_v a_o great_a account_n for_o so_o be_v it_o esteem_v of_o all_o desire_v of_o all_o and_o reverence_v of_o al._n virtue_n say_v tul_o and_o before_o he_o plato_n if_o it_o may_v be_v see_v with_o our_o bodily_a eye_n doubtless_o it_o will_v procure_v marvellous_a love_n and_o good_a like_n unto_o itself_o the_o show_n thereof_o will_v appear_v so_o fair_a and_o amiable_a the_o unite_n of_o which_o two_o most_o noble_a grace_n with_o all_o other_o furniture_n of_o nature_n &_o fortune_n with_o in_o your_o person_n right_o honourable_a and_o my_o very_a good_a lord_n have_v so_o bend_v my_o judgement_n and_o bring_v i_o into_o such_o like_n &_o admiration_n thereof_o that_o i_o have_v rest_v no_o small_a time_n not_o only_o not_o satisfy_v in_o be_v one_o of_o the_o admiratour_n but_o also_o desierus_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o participatour_n of_o those_o your_o honour_n most_o laudable_a disposition_n whereunto_o i_o do_v now_o humble_o submit_v myself_o and_o in_o token_n of_o my_o dutiful_a meaning_n herein_o be_o so_o hardi_fw-la as_o to_o present_v your_o honour_n with_o this_o simple_a travail_n which_o i_o so_o term_v in_o respect_n of_o my_o pain_n in_o translate_v the_o same_o howbeit_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o it_o cost_v m._n lhuyd_v who_o first_o and_o not_o long_o since_o write_v the_o same_o in_o latin_a no_o small_a labour_n and_o industry_n in_o the_o gather_n and_o pen_v regard_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v amongst_o there_a a_o very_a fit_a patron_n for_o it_o in_o consideration_n that_o be_v as_o yet_o but_o in_o your_o flower_n and_o tender_a age_n and_o general_o hope_v and_o account_v of_o in_o time_n to_o become_v the_o chief_a stay_n of_o this_o your_o common_a wealth_n and_o country_n you_o will_v receive_v into_o your_o self_n tuition_n the_o write_v name_n and_o description_n of_o that_o britain_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o part_n your_o native_a soil_n so_o your_o duty_n bid_v you_o to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v it_o here_o on_o when_o your_o honour_n shall_v be_v at_o lee_n sure_a to_o look_v bestow_v such_o regard_n as_o you_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v on_o book_n of_o geography_n history_n and_o other_o good_a learning_a wherein_o i_o be_o privy_a your_o honour_n take_v singular_a delight_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o judge_v your_o time_n very_o well_o apply_v and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o in_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n it_o be_v expedient_a first_o to_o know_v exact_o the_o situation_n of_o our_o own_o home_n where_o we_o a_o bide_v before_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v how_o other_o country_n do_v lie_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o we_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o foul_a shame_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a of_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a land_n and_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o our_o own_o as_o your_o honour_n be_v already_o perfect_o instruct_v be_v not_o now_o to_o learn_v at_o my_o ●ande_n but_o for_o my_o part_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a that_o your_o honour_n will_v dayn_v to_o accept_v this_o small_a present_n or_o rather_o therein_o my_o hearty_a good_a will_n which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o able_a to_o gratify_v the_o same_o shall_v never_o cease_v to_o pray_v to_o god_n that_o he_o will_v always_o direct_v you_o in_o the_o commendable_a race_n of_o virtue_n and_o learn_v which_o you_o have_v begin_v augment_v your_o honour_n with_o many_o degree_n and_o in_o the_o end_n reward_v you_o with_o immortal_a felicity_n your_o honour_n most_o humble_a at_o commandment_n thomas_n twine_v ¶_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o translatour_n to_o the_o reader_n when_o i_o first_o take_v in_o hand_n this_o book_n gentle_a reader_n &_o be_v determine_v to_o translate_v it_o into_o english_a i_o consider_v the_o great_a judgement_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o author_n &_o my_o own_o simplicity_n and_o unskilfulness_n by_o conference_n whereof_o i_o be_v eftsoon_o drive_v from_o my_o determination_n for_o i_o perceive_v how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o i_o who_o god_n know_v be_o but_o a_o simple_a antiquary_n and_o but_o slender_o practise_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o island_n to_o geve_v forth_o my_o absolute_a sentence_n in_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v in_o controversy_n not_o only_o amongst_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o best_a learned_a ancient_a writer_n in_o this_o behalf_n but_o also_o between_o such_o as_o have_v be_v very_o well_o see_v therein_o in_o our_o time_n whereof_o some_o be_v dead_a and_o some_o be_v yet_o live_v which_o i_o see_v that_o of_o necessity_n i_o must_v do_v as_o for_o this_o one_o example_n among_o many_o although_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o full_o agree_v upon_o what_o town_n in_o england_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o caleva_n do_v signify_v and_o the_o place_n thereof_o be_v also_o as_o uncertain_a as_o upon_o which_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n it_o shall_v lie_v yet_o follow_v my_o author_n so_o near_o as_o i_o may_v i_o be_o enforce_v to_o determine_v some_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a not_o without_o mislike_v of_o many_o the_o like_a reprehension_n i_o have_v incur_v in_o the_o english_v of_o name_n of_o diverse_a place_n more_o some_o english_a some_o scottish_a but_o especial_o welsh_a or_o british_a in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o be_v determine_v to_o have_v set_v they_o down_o as_o i_o have_v find_v they_o in_o m._n lhuyd_n latin_a book_n which_o he_o for_o that_o he_o wroate_fw-mi in_o latin_a have_v so_o nigh_o as_o he_o can_v make_v they_o all_o latin_a word_n in_o sound_n &_o termination_n but_o be_v therein_o much_o lighten_v especial_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o rightworshipfull_a m._n doct._n yale_n of_o london_n i_o trust_v i_o have_v deserve_v less_o blame_n in_o that_o then_o in_o any_o other_o one_o part_n of_o my_o translation_n how_o be_v it_o for_o my_o little_a skill_n in_o that_o tongue_n i_o be_o the_o more_o i_o hope_v to_o be_v bear_v with_o all_o and_o where_o as_o the_o author_n in_o the_o latin_a copy_n recite_v the_o peculiar_a letter_n &_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o they_o with_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o double_a letter_n as_o dd_v or_o a_o letter_n with_o a_o aspiration_n as_o lh_o will_v for_o brevety_n sake_n have_v they_o write_v with_o the_o same_o letter_n &_o a_o prick_n under_o the_o foot_n for_o want_n of_o the_o like_o letter_n we_o have_v throughout_o the_o whole_a work_n express_v the_o same_o to_o that_o very_a effect_n in_o the_o double_a letter_n or_o with_o aspiration_n from_o place_n to_o place_n where_o he_o have_v use_v the_o same_o under_o prick_v letter_n so_o that_o hereby_o save_v for_o his_o conceit_n of_o write_v there_o be_v no_o error_n commit_v at_o al._n and_o herein_o i_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o admonish_v thou_o moreover_o if_o there_o shall_v haply_o appear_v any_o fault_n by_o we_o now_o commit_v either_o in_o misname_a any_o person_n town_n or_o other_o thing_n wrong_n place_v of_o word_n evil_a allegation_n of_o writer_n alter_v of_o the_o author_n mean_v by_o false_a point_v one_o word_n put_v for_o a_o other_o or_o such_o like_a the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o can_v not_o exact_o try_v out_o by_o diligent_a animadversion_n or_o due_a conference_n in_o so_o short_a time_n i_o most_o hearty_o crave_v pardon_n and_o must_v needs_o impute_v the_o most_o part_n thereof_o unto_o the_o falseness_n a_o disordre_fw-fr of_o the_o latin_a copy_n print_v at_o colone_n who_o errata_fw-la be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v common_o see_v in_o a_o book_n of_o no_o great_a quantity_n &_o yet_o if_o the_o printer_n will_v have_v note_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v note_v twice_o so_o many_o as_o

divide_v it_o into_o many_o kingdom_n namely_o kent_n the_o south_n saxon_n the_o westsaxons_n the_o eastsaxons_n east_n englishmen_n the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n who_o lazius_n a_o man_n very_o well_o learned_a and_o well_o deserve_v of_o posterity_n in_o vain_a seek_v for_o in_o germany_n suppose_v the_o history_n of_o bede_n to_o be_v write_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o germany_n and_o not_o of_o england_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o twain_o bernicia_n and_o deira_n who_o king_n be_v pagan_n destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o church_n monastery_n and_o library_n and_o after_o that_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n monk_n they_o fight_v many_o battle_n both_o among_o themselves_o and_o against_o the_o britain_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o egbert_n lord_n 620._o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n be_v make_v monarch_n of_o all_o begin_v to_o rule_v alone_o and_o first_o of_o all_o command_v that_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v call_v england_n and_o the_o people_n englishmen_n englishmen_n be_v a_o very_a famous_a people_n of_o germany_n whereof_o the_o captain_n and_o chief_n of_o saxony_n as_o crantzius_n report_v be_v long_o time_n call_v captain_n of_o anglaria_n and_o there_o remain_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v read_v a_o castle_n where_o they_o sometime_o abode_n term_v now_o engern_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o westphalia_n between_o osnabrugh_n and_o heruordia_n whereby_o it_o come_v that_o our_o countryman_n retain_v the_o first_o name_n do_v call_v all_o englishman_n saison_n and_o their_o tongue_n saissonaëg_n and_o know_v not_o what_o this_o word_n england_n or_o a_o englishman_n mean_v short_o after_o the_o dane_n over_o come_v the_o englishman_n &_o possess_v this_o land_n until_o the_o year_n of_o the_o incarnate_a bastard_n word_n 1066_o william_n bastard_n of_o normandy_n with_o his_o normans_n vanquishing_n both_o englishman_n and_o dane_n usurp_v the_o country_n from_o which_o stock_n almost_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o this_o realm_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v fetch_v their_o descent_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o lhoëgr_n which_o lhoëgr_n in_o time_n past_a be_v environ_v with_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o river_n of_o severne_n dee_n and_o humber_n but_o now_o since_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n stretchefoorth_o beyond_o humber_n to_o twede_v we_o will_v also_o stretch_v forth_o the_o name_n of_o lhoëgr_n so_o far_o and_o although_o the_o englishman_n do_v possess_v beyond_o severn_n hereford_n shire_n the_o forest_n of_o deane_n and_o many_o other_o place_n yet_o we_o hold_v that_o they_o dwell_v in_o wales_n not_o in_o lhëogr_n and_o be_v take_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o all_o other_o englishman_n for_o welshman_n but_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi be_v account_v at_o this_o day_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a bond_n save_v that_o in_o certain_a place_n both_o the_o people_n &_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n have_v encroach_v more_o into_o england_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o presuppose_v let_v we_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particulared_a escription_n of_o lhoëgr_n or_o england_n in_o which_o the_o country_n call_v cantium_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o our_o countryman_n caint_v of_o englishmen_n kent_n come_v kent_n first_o unto_o our_o view_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v but_o a_o narrow_a cut_v over_o into_o france_n to_o the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n which_o be_v now_o term_v bollen_a as_o s._n rhenanus_fw-la gather_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a chart_n of_o warly_a description_n and_o not_o only_a marcellinus_n amongst_o the_o old_a writer_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n town_n of_o bollen_a in_o the_o life_n of_o julian_n the_o emperor_n but_o also_o in_o his_o panegiricus_n call_v constantinus_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n these_o be_v find_v constantinus_n the_o father_n be_v make_v emperor_n at_o his_o first_o come_n with_o a_o innumerable_a fleet_n of_o enemy_n pen_v out_o the_o fierce_a ocean_n &_o environ_v army_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o town_n bollen_a etc_n etc_n coenalis_n affirm_v the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n be_v caslete_a of_o flanders_n which_o town_n stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n sufficient_o declare_v the_o author_n unskilfulness_n and_o i_o take_v iccius_n to_o be_v the_o same_o haven_n which_o now_o they_o term_v caletum_n for_o calitium_fw-la calais_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v calais_n with_o those_o which_o make_v selusas_fw-la of_o flaunders_n to_o be_v iccius_n be_v unlike_a that_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v use_v so_o long_o a_o course_n by_o sea_n when_o they_o may_v have_v pass_v over_o soon_o &_o more_o commedious_o from_o that_o place_n there_o be_v in_o kent_n in_o old_a time_n three_o famous_a port_n well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n doris_n rhutupis_n and_o lemanis_n doris_n undoubted_o be_v the_o same_o which_o both_o englishman_n and_o britain_n reserve_v the_o ancient_a name_n at_o this_o day_n do_v call_v dover_n for_o we_o call_v water_n dover_n dour_a or_o duúr_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o dovarians_n stout_o defend_v that_o their_o town_n heretofore_o be_v call_v rutupium_n and_o that_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o britain_n build_v there_o a_o noble_a castle_n yet_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o antoninus_n who_o speak_v of_o both_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v rutupium_n which_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v repcestre_n nigh_o sandwiche_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o thanat_n for_o that_o i_o land_n we_o call_v thanat_n ynys_n rhuochym_n as_o much_o to_o say_v rutupina_n whereof_o the_o shore_n deserve_v to_o be_v term_v rutupinum_n and_o the_o porte_fw-fr rutupis_n lemanis_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o linienus_fw-la be_v that_o river_n which_o be_v now_o call_v amongst_o the_o englishman_n rotler_n rotler_n and_o flow_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n nigh_o apuldore_v moreover_o beside_o sea_n these_o famous_a port_n be_v rye_n and_o wynchelsea_n two_o town_n &_o far_a within_o the_o main_n land_n durobrevis_fw-la and_o durovernum_fw-la the_o same_o englishman_n do_v call_v cantorbury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cantorburie_n the_o court_n of_o the_o kentyshman_n and_o with_o we_o caërgant_n and_o be_v chief_a metropolitant_a sea_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n the_o tother_o be_v term_v rofcester_n but_o antoninus_n place_v vagniacum_n between_o london_n and_o dorovernum_fw-la &_o between_o that_o and_o durovernum_fw-la durolernum_fw-la but_o what_o name_v they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n i_o be_o not_o altogether_o ignorant_a howbeit_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o town_n take_v their_o name_n of_o water_n which_o be_v duur_n in_o british_a and_o duriverne_v amongst_o we_o plain_o signify_v water_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o same_o town_n in_o time_n pass_v thereof_o obtain_v his_o name_n but_o before_o i_o depart_v forth_o of_o kent_n i_o must_v brief_o touch_v that_o great_a will_v whereof_o both_o british_a and_o english_a writer_n have_v speak_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o coëd_v andr_v but_o the_o englishman_n andedreswald_n and_o huntingdon_n affirm_v that_o it_o contain_v in_o length_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n thirty_o mile_n and_o that_o the_o worthy_a city_n call_v caër_fw-la andr_v and_o andredecester_n stand_v therein_o which_o dalla_n king_n of_o the_o southsaxons_n utter_o overthrow_v so_o that_o there_o remain_v no_o token_n nor_o rubbish_n thereof_o the_o kentishman_n and_o southsaxons_n to_o this_o day_n do_v call_v a_o place_n where_o wood_n have_v be_v walden_n walden_n not_o know_v for_o all_o that_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v when_o other_o but_o false_o call_v it_o welden_v other_o wylden_n for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o wood_n walden_n as_o the_o german_n do_v now_o term_v a_o plain_n without_o tree_n wolden_a as_o in_o these_o word_n cottiswolden_a and_o pork_n will_v it_o appear_v next_o unto_o the_o kentishman_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v those_o which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxson_n and_o be_v term_v southsaxon_n but_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o shire_n southsex_n and_o southtrey_n and_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o neomaguin_n be_v their_o city_n where_o chichester_n gylford_n now_o stand_v chichester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o southsaxons_n be_v call_v caërceri_fw-la in_o british_a after_o these_o come_v the_o atrabates_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o people_n of_o barkshyre_n who_o principal_a city_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v walingford_n caleva_n but_o now_o walyngford_n wherein_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o those_o which_o call_v oxford_n caleva_n stand_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n of_o the_o thames_n there_o be_v also_o a_o village_n name_v cilcester_n not_o far_o from_o basinge_v which_o before_o time_n be_v call_v caërsegent_n and_o segontium_n of_o

building_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v caërludd_n and_o lhundain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lud_n city_n and_o also_o london_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o polydorus_n seek_v trinovantum_fw-la about_o northampton_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a antiquity_n be_v of_o more_o force_n with_o i_o than_o any_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a person_n we_o yield_v these_o name_n to_o london_n although_o ptolomaeus_n lay_v they_o near_o to_o the_o thames_n &_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n have_v call_v london_n a_o city_n of_o kent_n and_o marius_n niger_n afterward_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a bosom_n for_o the_o other_o side_n the_o trinovamte_n do_v hold_v into_o the_o middle_n whereof_o the_o river_n thames_n do_v flow_v polydorus_n virgilius_n the_o vrbinate_a go_v about_o to_o prove_v out_o of_o tacitus_n by_o argument_n of_o little_a force_n that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inland_a people_n when_o as_o his_o reason_n seem_v to_o próove_v the_o contrary_n for_o where_o as_o he_o say_v if_o the_o trinobantes_n have_v be_v nigh_o london_n suetonius_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o self_n passage_n thither_o nay_o rather_o polydorus_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n it_o have_v be_v hard_a for_o he_o to_o have_v come_v to_o london_n through_o the_o thick_a of_o his_o enemy_n for_o his_o way_n lie_v through_o they_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inhabitant_n of_o essex_n as_o all_o save_v a_o few_o obscure_a and_o unknown_a writer_n do_v affirm_v who_o suppose_v that_o with_o the_o iceni_n their_o neigh_v bour_n which_o now_o be_v the_o people_n of_o norfolk_n and_o nordovolke_n they_o have_v conspire_v the_o death_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v spoil_v with_o ●●er_n &_o sword_n all_o that_o ever_o be_v in_o their_o way_n unto_o verolanun_n s●ayinge_v threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o roman_n and_o be_v return_v back_o again_o self_n and_o sound_n before_o suetonius_n come_v as_o tacitus_n avouch_v and_o that_o their_o rage_n extend_v not_o unto_o london_n the_o cause_n be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v for_o that_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o great_a mart_n city_n of_o they_o famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o travailer_n which_o resort_v thither_o for_o tra●aque_v of_o merchandise_n abound_v with_o victual_n and_o stout_o defense_v with_o munition_n and_o garrison_n against_o all_o adventure_n as_o all_o man_n do_v know_v hereby_o it_o appear_v how_o weak_a polydorus_n argument_n be_v especial_o who_o so_o well_o know_v that_o part_n of_o england_n and_o that_o london_n be_v the_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o call_v augusta_n as_o marcellinus_n report_v with_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_o instruct_v i_o say_v that_o the_o trinobantes_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o after_o the_o come_v of_o saxon_n make_v up_o their_o four_o kingdom_n which_o they_o call_v eastsaxons_n and_o another_o call_v midlesaxons_n who_o principal_a city_n be_v london_n at_o this_o day_n which_o sometime_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o mercij_fw-la or_o march_n ptolomaeus_n mention_v asleep_o neither_o beside_o this_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la call_v camudolanum_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v all_o one_o with_o camalodunum_n as_o i_o judge_v by_o read_v roman_a history_n although_o ptolomaeus_n speak_v of_o camalodunum_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v by_o claudius_n appoint_v the_o first_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o not_o near_o the_o brigant_n as_o polydorus_n much_o less_o in_o scotlan_n as_o boethius_n dream_v and_o for_o the_o more_o plainness_n hereof_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o bring_v forth_o the_o word_n of_o dion_n who_o have_v be_v sometime_o consul_n claudius_n after_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o message_n forthwith_o commit_v the_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o city_n and_o the_o souldieurs_fw-fr to_o vitellius_n his_o college_n who_o consulship_n as_o also_o his_o own_o he_o have_v prorogue_v for_o six_o month_n long_a himself_o depart_v from_o rome_n to_o ostia_n where_o he_o take_v ship_n and_o arrive_v at_o massilia_n and_o take_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o journey_n partly_o by_o land_n and_o partly_o by_o water_n come_v too_o the_o ocean_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o come_v to_o his_o army_n which_o lie_v by_o the_o thames_n look_v for_o he_o who_o when_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o charge_n he_o go_v over_o the_o water_n with_o certain_a barbarian_n which_o draw_v to_o he_o at_o his_o come_v ●e_z spread_v his_o banner_n fight_v and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o win_v camalodunum_n the_o regal_a seat_n of_o cynobellinus_n and_o take_v many_o prisoner_n partly_o by_o force_n &_o partly_o by_o yield_v hereby_o it_o appear_v eviuident_o that_o camalodunum_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n in_o which_o place_n ptolomaeus_n place_v camudolanun_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o colony_n of_o claudius_n cesar_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n which_o they_o call_v now_o colchestre_n the_o old_a name_n colchestre_fw-fr be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v by_o join_v the_o water_n and_o the_o church_n together_o a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o henlhan_n that_o be_v a_o old_a church_n lhanelwy_a a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n elguen_n or_o the_o church_n elguen_n which_o the_o englishman_n and_o bishop_n now_o a_o day_n call_v but_o not_o well_o the_o see_v of_o s._n asaphe_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_a more_o whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o latin_a begin_v or_o end_n in_o these_o termination_n lan_n or_o lam_n be_v of_o old_a so_o term_v of_o church_n in_o the_o british_n tongue_n moreover_o out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o dion_n it_o be_v gather_v how_o much_o a_o man_n without_o shame_n that_o polydorus_n virgillius_fw-la be_v who_o doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v reprove_v that_o claudius_n caesar_n vanquish_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o battle_n &_o most_o imputent_o call_v they_o dastard_n who_o caesar_n himself_o tacitus_n dion_n &_o herodian_a term_v by_o these_o name_n most_o warlike_a cruel_a bloodthirsty_a impatient_a both_o of_o bondage_n &_o injury_n but_o a_o infamous_a beggage_n groom_n full_o fraught_v with_o envy_n &_o hatred_n what_o dare_v he_o not_o do_v or_o say_v i_o omit_v his_o schoolmaster_n boethius_n who_o beside_o these_o lie_n speak_v of_o a_o mighty_a war_n which_o claudius_n make_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orchades_n affirm_v the_o same_o to_o be_v true_a too_o too_o impudent_o for_o thou_o may_v easy_o judge_v good_a reader_n how_o much_o land_n and_o sea_n the_o roman_a emperor_n with_o a_o great_a army_n can_v march_v over_o in_o xuj_o day_n only_o during_o which_o time_n he_o abide_v in_o britain_n when_o tacitus_n also_o a_o most_o faithful_a writer_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o agricola_n the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v know_v and_o the_o isle_n call_v orchades_n be_v orchades_n then_o unknown_a but_o first_o find_v out_o and_o subdue_v by_o he_o this_o dion_n testify_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o life_n of_o titus_n the_o emperor_n neither_o speak_v suetonius_n against_o it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o claudius_n tarry_v in_o britain_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n howbeit_o eutropius_n and_o after_o he_o orosius_n seem_v to_o think_v otherwise_o not_o know_v exact_o how_o far_o distant_a the_o orchades_n be_v from_o kent_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o truth_n certain_o persuade_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v we_o stick_v unto_o they_o as_o unto_o two_o most_o faithful_a guide_n neglect_v the_o judgement_n of_o polydorus_n with_o his_o hector_n next_o to_o the_o trinovante_n be_v the_o iceni_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o region_n which_o make_v the_o five_o kingdom_n of_o german_n which_o be_v the_o east_n englisman_n and_o their_o city_n venta_n which_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v northwe●_n and_o i_o be_o privy_a also_o northwey_n that_o there_o be_v think_v to_o be_v other_o iceni_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o these_o iceni_n be_v put_v for_o tigeni_n of_o who_o i_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n englishmen_n comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o iceni_n but_o also_o cambridgshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n in_o old_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v grantcester_n caërgrawnt_v the_o englishman_n grantcester_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v high_a but_o now_o corrupt_o be_v common_o call_v cambridge_n cambridge_n and_o be_v a_o noble_a university_n wherein_o flourish_v all_o good_a learning_n willow_n not_o far_o of_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o wyllowe_n not_o of_o eel_n as_o some_o have_v write_v for_o helig_v

in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v wyllow_a tree_n wherewith_o those_o fen_n do_v abound_v all_o these_o in_o fore_a time_n be_v call_v girui_fw-it join_v to_o these_o be_v the_o parisi_n who_o chief_a city_n pettuaria_n be_v now_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v peterborow_n peterborow_n beyond_o the_o mydland_n saxon_n west_n ward_n be_v the_o catychlauni_fw-la now_o hertfordshyremen_n and_o buckynghanshyreman_n on_o the_o hill_n who_o city_n be_v salinae_n and_o verolanum_fw-la whereof_o this_o last_o take_v name_n of_o a_o river_n be_v for_o before_o time_n it_o be_v call_v in_o british_a guernhan_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n ver_n afterward_o caër_fw-la municip_n because_o it_o be_v a_o municipin_n or_o incorporate_a town_n belong_a to_o the_o roman_n englishman_n term_v it_o verlamcester_n and_o watlyngchester_n this_o watling-ch_a city_n be_v destroy_v through_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o be_v it_o there_o remain_v the_o token_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o this_o day_n never_o to_o s._n alban_n church_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n but_o where_o as_o some_o do_v think_v that_o the_o thames_n sometime_o run_v that_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v laugh_v at_o howbeit_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a stand_a water_n hard_o by_o the_o city_n wall_n where_o now_o be_v pleasant_a flourish_v meadow_n in_o which_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v there_o be_v a_o anchor_n of_o a_o ship_n find_v of_o late_a whereby_o and_o also_o by_o the_o corrupt_a copy_n of_o gyldas_n that_o conjecture_n be_v rise_v after_o these_o come_v the_o oxfordeshyreman_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o thames_n who_o city_n be_v call_v by_o englishmen_n oxenford_n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o rhyd_n oxenford_n ychen_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ford_z of_o ox_n but_o what_o name_n it_o have_v in_o old_a time_n it_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a yet_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v caër_fw-la vortigeru_n that_o be_v vortiger_n city_n and_o by_o he_o build_v whereto_o i_o can_v agree_v for_o gyldas_n write_v that_o the_o same_o city_n be_v build_v in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n be_v call_v now_o after_o his_o name_n gurthronion_n our_o friend_n m._n leland_n the_o antiquary_n earnest_o defend_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v call_v ouseford_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ford_z of_o isis_n against_o who_o as_o one_o have_v very_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o britain_n and_o much_o exercise_v in_o ancient_a history_n i_o dare_v not_o contend_v for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o stand_v upon_o isis_n and_o that_o tract_n of_o time_n corrupt_v the_o name_n of_o many_o place_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a but_o whatsoever_o name_n it_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o have_v a_o very_a beautiful_a oxford_n and_o healthsome_a situation_n and_o a_o country_n which_o minister_v allthings_n necessary_a abundant_o and_o a_o most_o famous_a school_n of_o all_o good_a learning_n as_o all_o do_v confess_v which_o have_v see_v the_o other_o university_n of_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n stand_v caërdor_n so_o call_v of_o the_o roman_n a_o city_n not_o unknown_a to_o the_o englishman_n a_o bishop_n see_v now_o call_v dorchester_n whereas_o the_o thames_n dorchester_n discharge_v himself_o into_o isis_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o tamesis_n the_o thames_n proceed_v towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o buckynghamshyreman_n and_o beneath_o they_o the_o bedfordshyreman_n and_o more_o northerly_a the_o huntyngtonshiremen_n who_o ancient_a name_n be_v not_o know_v after_o these_o be_v the_o lincolnshyreman_n of_o old_a coritani_n so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n trent_n the_o britain_n in_o old_a time_n call_v it_o caërludcoy_n the_o roman_n lindum_n the_o englishman_n lindecolyn_n lincoln_n and_o at_o this_o day_n lincoln_n notwithstanding_o afterward_o the_o norman_n call_v it_o corrupt_o nychol_n as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n note_v in_o ancient_a charter_n and_o record_n of_o the_o earl_n thereof_o write_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o all_o that_o province_n be_v call_v lyndesey_n next_o leycester_n unto_o these_o at_o trent_n be_v the_o leycestershyreman_n so_o call_v of_o leicestre_n which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v caërbier_n at_o the_o south_n appear_v the_o northampton_n shyreman_n so_o call_v of_o the_o river_n avon_n which_o come_v along_o by_o the_o town_n avon_n for_o avon_n in_o british_a signify_v a_o river_n and_o the_o saxon_n hear_n the_o britain_n so_o term_v river_n suppose_v that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o proper_a name_n thereof_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o notable_a river_n in_o england_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n after_o these_o at_o the_o west_n follow_v the_o warwickshiremen_n who_o principal_a city_n caër_fw-la wythelin_n be_v found_v by_o guythelnius_fw-la a_o king_n of_o britain_n afterward_o of_o the_o roman_a legion_n which_o go_v no_o far_o caërlheon_n last_o of_o a_o noble_a britain_n which_o beautify_v it_o with_o many_o fair_a building_n caërgwayr_n and_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v warwick_n next_o after_o these_o be_v warwik_n the_o staffordshiremen_n amongst_o who_o be_v lychfeild_n a_o bishop_n see_v that_o be_v to_o lichfeild_n say_v the_o field_n of_o dead_a folk_n for_o the_o northern_a englishman_n call_v death_n lych_n and_o the_o unlucky_a night_n raven_n lych●oules_n some_o affirm_v that_o here_o not_o in_o legancestre_n etheldrede_v king_n of_o northumberlande_n most_o cruel_o slay_v two_o thousand_o monk_n of_o the_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n man_n excellent_o learn_v and_o such_o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o get_v their_o live_v with_o travail_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n which_o bloody_a war_n he_o will_v never_o monk_n have_v begin_v have_v it_o not_o be_v at_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o blood_n thirty_o monk_n who_o they_o call_v augustine_n the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o in_o some_o point_v they_o seam_v to_o disagree_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o refuse_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archebishop_n of_o cantorbury_n have_v already_o of_o their_o own_o the_o archbishop_n of_o legion_n this_o be_v the_o chearitie_n and_o religion_n of_o that_o man_n to_o make_v away_o such_o good_a &_o godly_a man_n as_o can_v not_o abide_v his_o intolerable_a pride_n but_o touch_v these_o matter_n godwilling_n we_o will_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n on_o the_o otherside_n of_o warwykeshyre_n be_v the_o worcestershyreman_n next_o to_o the_o dobani_fw-la their_o city_n vigornia_n be_v of_o old_a time_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n brangonia_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o this_o day_n caër_fw-la vrangon_n and_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v common_o call_v worcestre_n worcester_n and_o be_v build_v at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o severn_n where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o the_o great_a city_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o east_n shore_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o do_v you_o be_v build_v to_o resist_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o britain_n into_o lhoëgr_n that_o be_v england_n like_v as_o the_o roman_n erect_v many_o notable_a city_n on_o the_o west_n shore_n of_o the_o rind_n to_o restrain_v the_o forcible_a invasion_n of_o the_o german_n into_o france_n adjoin_v unto_o these_o be_v the_o shropshyreman_n who_o ancient_a city_n be_v vricovium_n call_v afterward_o of_o the_o englishman_n wrekecestre_n and_o short_a wroxcestre_fw-fr wroxcestre_n all_o raise_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o saxon_a war_n from_o who_o relic_n four_o mile_n of_o lie_v salopia_n the_o head_n city_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n notable_a for_o two_o bridge_n and_o almost_o compass_v with_o the_o severn_n the_o same_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v pengwern_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o head_n of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v and_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o powyse_o from_o whence_o the_o english_a name_n schreusbury_n be_v derive_v although_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o ancient_a record_n schreusburie_n i_o read_v it_o term_v salopsbury_n and_o slopesbury_n our_o countryman_n call_v it_o ymwythig_n at_o this_o day_n next_o after_o these_o be_v the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o as_o be_v certain_a well_n out_o of_o who_o liquor_n very_o good_a &_o pure_a white_a salt_n be_v sodden_a beside_o the_o city_n itself_o famous_a for_o the_o roman_a monument_n therein_o which_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o roman_a legion_n winter_v there_o be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n at_o this_o day_n caër_fw-la lheon_n be_v ddourdwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n of_o legion_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi for_o difference_n sake_n betwixt_o that_o and_o another_o of_o that_o name_n upon_o the_o river_n osca_n it_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n that_o the_o same_o in_o time_n paste_n be_v

inheritance_n unto_o a_o woman_n call_v havisia_n who_o be_v marry_v unto_o one_o carleton_n a_o englishman_n make_v he_o lord_n of_o powis_n from_o which_o house_n at_o length_n it_o descend_v unto_o the_o gray_n in_o the_o north._n next_o unto_o that_o stand_v cadevenna_n a_o new_a town_n above_o who_o towards_o the_o rise_n of_o severn_n be_v arwistle_n and_o lhanidlos_n country_n well_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o town_n and_o more_o by_o west_n and_o by_o north_n at_o the_o head_n of_o devey_n mouthuy_n now_o a_o portion_n of_o merionedh_n &_o kefelioc_n know_v by_o the_o town_n machaulhaith_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o severn_n beneath_o the_o region_n kerey_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n by_o a_o little_a town_n which_o welshman_n call_v trefaldwyn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v baldwyne_n town_n but_o the_o englishman_n term_v it_o mountgomer_n montgomery_n of_o the_o builder_n roger_n of_o mont_n gomer_n from_o this_o town_n all_o these_o region_n be_v join_v together_o be_v call_v montgomershyre_n a_o country_n brood_a sometime_o of_o noble_a horse_n now_o it_o send_v forth_o but_o few_o and_o by_o the_o forename_a roger_n and_o his_o son_n very_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a gentleman_n very_o sore_o afflict_v until_o that_o robert_n be_v accuse_v of_o high_a treason_n be_v enforce_v to_o fly_v his_o country_n the_o region_n be_v hilly_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o plentifulness_n of_o pasture_n very_o good_a for_o grasinge_v of_o cattle_n abound_v with_o many_o water_n and_o bring_a forth_o tall_a man_n very_o well_o favour_v much_o addict_v unto_o idleness_n and_o unprofitable_a game_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o shall_v find_v many_o rich_a english_a farmer_n amongst_o they_o when_o as_o the_o landelordes_n themselves_o which_o will_v take_v no_o pain_n do_v become_v very_o poor_a these_o six_o shire_n namely_o anglysey_n aruon_n merionydh_n denbyghshyre_n fluitense_n and_o montgomershyre_n englishmen_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o north-wales_n there_o remain_v yet_o that_o part_n of_o powis_n which_o stretch_v sometime_o unto_o wey_n who_o first_o region_n take_v name_n of_o the_o river_n colunwy_n and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n next_o to_o melienyth_n and_o gurttrenion_n hilly_a country_n and_o at_o the_o south_n radenor_n call_v of_o the_o welshman_n maisifod_n head_n of_o the_o shire_n join_v unto_o these_o be_v the_o eluil_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o pain_n by_o wey_n which_o our_o country_n man_n call_v gwy_a beyond_o all_o these_o be_v prestene_n which_o we_o call_v s._n andrew_n prestenia_n church_n and_o kynton_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o upon_o themis_n of_o we_o call_v tefedioc_fw-la ▪_o stand_v the_o fair_a town_n &_o castle_n of_o ludlaw_n in_o schreupshyre_n ludlaw_n in_o old_a time_n call_v dinav_n the_o work_n of_o roger_n montgomer_n and_o above_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o wigmore_n the_o patrimony_n of_o ca●●le_a the_o mortumar_n and_o at_o severn_n bridgenorth_n &_o beaude_o in_o old_a time_n very_o well_o know_v by_o the_o castle_n tyrhil_n ▪_o and_o on_o the_o southwest_n side_n upon_o logus_fw-la which_o we_o call_v lhygwy_a on_o a_o pass_a fertile_a plain_n stand_v lhanlhieni_fw-la of_o the_o englishman_n lemstre_n and_o not_o far_o thence_o be_v the_o ancient_a city_n henfford_n that_o be_v to_o say●_n a_o old_a way_n of_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ferleg_n now_o hereford_n stand_a upon_o wey_n or_o more_o true_o upon_o gwy_n towards_o severn_n be_v maluern_n hill_n and_o in_o the_o very_a corner_n between_o severn_n and_o weigh_v not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n of_o rosse_n be_v that_o renown_a wood_n which_o of_o the_o dane_n be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o deane_n these_o region_n with_o all_o herefordshyre_n beyond_o wey_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n be_v term_v in_o british_a euryeynnwc_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eurnwyr_n of_o which_o name_n there_o remain_v yet_o some_o signification_n apparent_a in_o one_o place_n of_o herefordshire_n for_o that_o which_o the_o englishman_n call_v vrchenfeld_n the_o welshman_n call_v ergnig_n and_o afterward_o ergengel_n and_o no_o marvel_n since_o the_o least_o portion_n thereof_o retain_v now_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o name_n of_o powis_n there_o remain_v the_o thyrd_o kyngkingedome_n dehubarth_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a call_v southwales_n of_o our_o countryman_n which_o inhabit_v the_o land_n deheubarth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o right_a or_o south_n part_n for_o so_o we_o use_v to_o term_v the_o south_n the_o same_o be_v whole_o compass_v with_o the_o irish_a sea_n the_o stream_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o river_n weigh_v and_o dyvei_n and_o although_o the_o country_n be_v very_o fertile_a &_o the_o land_n rich_a and_o far_o more_o big_a than_o gwynedh_n notwithstanding_o as_o gyraldus_n say_v it_o be_v count_v the_o d_o and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o nobly_a &_o chief_a man_n refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o king_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n coast_n thereof_o be_v continual_o molest_v by_o the_o englishman_n norman_n &_o fleming_n whereby_o the_o prince_n be_v compel_v to_o forsake_v caer_fw-mi mardthyn_a his_o seat_n and_o to_o apoyncte_n the_o principal_a place_n of_o his_o regality_n at_o dinefur_n in_o cantremawr_n and_o although_o these_o prince_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n in_o wales_n yet_o after_o that_o rhesus_n the_o son_n rhesus_n of_o theodore_n the_o great_a be_v slay_v through_o the_o treason_n of_o his_o own_o man_n they_o be_v no_o long_o term_v duke_n nor_o prince_n but_o arglwydhi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lord_n until_o at_o length_n through_o civil_a war_n by_o divide_v of_o their_o land_n amongst_o many_o and_o also_o by_o external_a while_o the_o englishman_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v all_o by_o force_n and_o craft_n they_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o rhesus_n the_o son_n of_o griffith_n a_o very_a noble_a and_o valiant_a gentleman_n they_o lose_v both_o the_o authority_n and_o name_n of_o prince_n and_o lord_n now_o let_v we_o descend_v unto_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n whereof_o the_o first_o region_n which_o come_v to_o hand_n be_v that_o which_o gyraldus_n call_v ceretica_n our_o countryman_n ceredigion_n the_o englishman_n cardigan_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v cardigan_n as_o in_o all_o other_o that_o c_o and_o g_z have_v the_o force_n of_o cappa_fw-la &_o gamma_n this_o region_n on_o the_o north_n have_v the_o irish_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n the_o river_n dyvei_n whereby_o it_o be_v deviue_v from_o gwynedh_n &_o towards_o powis_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o south_n caermyrthyn_n and_o on_o the_o west_n dyfetia_n their_o tongue_n as_o gyraldus_n affirm_v tongue_n be_v esteem_v the_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o other_o people_n of_o wales_n and_o gwynedh_n the_o pure_a with_o out_o permixtion_n come_v near_a unto_o ancient_a british_a but_o the_o southern_a most_o rude_a &_o course_v because_o it_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o strange_a tongue_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o this_o part_n richard_n clarens_n clarens_n a_o very_a noble_a man_n come_n in_o with_o a_o navy_n and_o build_v castle_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o teifi_n and_o vstwyth_n possess_v it_o for_o his_o own_o and_o leave_v garrison_n there_o return_v into_o england_n but_o when_o he_o understand_v that_o his_o man_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o welshman_n be_v bolden_v by_o his_o great_a power_n he_o intend_v by_o a_o over_o rash_a enterprise_n to_o go_v aid_v they_o by_o land_n but_o at_o coed_n gronus_fw-la not_o far_o from_o abergeveni_fw-la he_o be_v slay_v with_o all_o his_o army_n by_o jerwerthus_fw-la of_o caërlheon_n and_o so_o those_o fort_n return_v again_o unto_o their_o old_a lord_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o ystwyth_n be_v of_o ptolomaeus_n call_v rotossa_n and_o tibium_fw-la abertius_fw-la but_o that_o through_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n they_o be_v confound_v into_o one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n stand_v lhanpaternfawr_n that_o be_v the_o church_n of_o paternus_n the_o great_a which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v have_v in_o great_a veneration_n for_o welshman_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v accustom_v to_o reverence_v church_n &_o attribute_v much_o honour_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n for_o as_o gyraldus_n report_v they_o use_v not_o once_o to_o touch_v the_o most_o deadly_a foe_n they_o have_v and_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n if_o they_o escape_v unto_o the_o church_n yea_o not_o so_o much_o as_o their_o enemy_n cattle_n if_o they_o feed_v in_o any_o pasture_n or_o leazes_z which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o church_n moreover_o when_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o go_v unto_o battle_n if_o they_o fortune_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o priest_n on_o the_o way_n they_o will_v cast_v down_o their_o