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admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a 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sea_n among_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o impose_v because_o of_o pirate_n either_o robber_n or_o other_o invade_v the_o sea_n for_o they_o infest_v the_o country_n waste_v it_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a therefore_o for_o the_o repress_v of_o their_o insolence_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o a_o yearly_a payment_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o danegeld_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n through_o the_o whole_a land_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o hinder_v the_o eruption_n of_o pirate_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o some_o francofurt_n copy_n 102._o other_o render_v it_o irruption_n but_o the_o other_o read_v seem_v to_o signify_v that_o this_o tax_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o raise_n and_o maintain_v of_o naval_a force_n so_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n that_o pirate_n or_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o eruption_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o can_v the_o word_n eruption_n otherwise_o be_v well_o put_v in_o that_o place_n so_o that_o even_o that_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v therefore_o not_o obscure_o represent_v by_o he_o who_o command_v as_o admiral_n over_o the_o fleet_n of_o that_o age._n this_o tribute_n or_o tax_n have_v its_o beginning_n under_o king_n ethelred_n for_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o miserable_a strait_n by_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n of_o he_o hire_v xlv_o danish_a ship_n also_o by_o agreement_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o secure_v of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n who_o be_v to_o receiv_v their_o pay_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o tribute_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_a story_n that_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n usual_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o dane_n be_v of_o more_o kind_n than_o one_o there_o be_v one_o tribute_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n wherewith_o the_o english-saxons_a be_v force_v sometime_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o such_o as_o grievous_o infest_a the_o island_n but_o another_o be_v levy_v to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n the_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n appear_v by_o that_o of_o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o year_n mvii_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o dane_n give_v they_o commission_n to_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o defray_v their_o charge_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o tribute_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v desist_v from_o rapine_n and_o establish_v a_o firm_a peace_n with_o he_o to_o which_o demand_n of_o his_o they_o yield_v and_o from_o that_o time_n their_o charge_n be_v defraied_a by_o all_o england_n and_o a_o tribute_n pay_v which_o amount_v to_o 36000_o pound_n that_o be_v he_o effect_v this_o only_a for_o the_o present_a that_o he_o obtain_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o time_n by_o money_n which_o he_o can_v not_o by_o arm_n as_o florilegus_n say_v well_o four_o year_n after_o also_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o england_n of_o both_o order_n meet_v together_o at_o london_n before_o easter_n and_o there_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o till_o payment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tribute_n promise_v to_o the_o dane_n amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n which_o we_o read_v of_o likewise_o both_o in_o florentius_n and_o 1012_o hoveden_n but_o this_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o dane_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o every_o place_n dwell_v peaceable_o by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o both_o people_n shall_v have_v as_o it_o be_v one_o heart_n and_o one_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o florilegus_n other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o a_o elder_a date_n yet_o this_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o but_o levy_v now_o and_o then_o as_o occasion_v require_v notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v true_a perhaps_o which_o cottoniana_n some_o write_v that_o ethelred_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a agreement_n of_o the_o year_n mvii_o yield_v to_o pay_v every_o year_n a_o tribute_n of_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o a_o long_a continuation_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o read_v here_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o grant_v but_o no_o where_o likewise_o that_o he_o pay_v it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o for_o hire_v of_o the_o danish_a navy_n it_o be_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o levy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o least_o in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o wit_n of_o our_o lord_n mxii_o wherein_o these_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o procure_v a_o peace_n nor_o be_v it_o limit_v by_o any_o setsumme_n of_o money_n but_o so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v for_o victual_v and_o clothe_v the_o force_n at_o sea_n florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a year_n say_v after_o these_o thing_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n mean_v that_o of_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o oath_n the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v dispose_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o afar_o off_o but_o xlv_o ship_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v england_n against_o foreiner_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v they_o victual_n and_o clothe_v this_o be_v relate_v likewise_o in_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o 1012._o abingdon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o tribute_n be_v pay_v and_o oath_n of_o amity_n take_v the_o army_n or_o navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v disperse_v abroad_o but_o forty_o five_o ship_n of_o that_o navy_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n do_v find_v they_o victual_n and_o clothing_n swain_n be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o denmark_n with_o who_o ethelred_n make_v this_o agreement_n but_o both_o the_o kind_n of_o payment_n aforemention_v be_v call_v danegelo_n danegeld_n or_o danageld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v danish_a tribute_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v express_o intimate_v by_o this_o name_n in_o 21._o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n where_o he_o say_v swain_n waste_v and_o spoil_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o have_v in_o his_o possession_n and_o afflict_v the_o member_n of_o christ_n with_o many_o persecution_n by_o a_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n they_o call_v danageld_v but_o the_o second_o kind_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n be_v call_v likewise_o by_o the_o same_o name_n both_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n that_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o territory_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n not_o only_o under_o these_o danish_a king_n canutus_n harold_n the_o first_o and_o hardecanutus_n but_o also_o under_o the_o english-saxon_a or_o english_a and_o that_o this_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v the_o original_a hereof_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n a_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n say_v 897._o in_o the_o year_n mli_o which_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o king_n edward_n in_o regard_v the_o earth_n do_v not_o bring_v forth_o its_o fruit_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a but_o devour_v very_o many_o people_n by_o famine_n insomuch_o that_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n die_v through_o the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o want_v of_o bread_n therefore_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n be_v move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o people_n release_v that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n call_v danigeld_v to_o all_o england_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o that_o this_o most_o religious_a king_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o officer_n into_o the_o exchequer_n to_o see_v the_o danigeld_v that_o be_v collect_v and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o heap_n of_o treasure_n stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n
protest_v that_o he_o behold_v the_o devil_n dance_v upon_o the_o heap_n of_o money_n &_o extreme_o rejoice_v whereupon_o he_o immediate_o command_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v one_o joâ—_n of_o so_o cruel_a a_o exaction_n but_o remit_v it_o for_o ever_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v every_o year_n to_o his_o navy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n ethelred_n by_o dis-counting_a 38_o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1051._o that_o year_n 1012._o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a wherein_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o danegeld_n be_v place_v according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n at_o all_o that_o there_o seem_v perhaps_o to_o be_v one_o year_n over_o and_o above_o for_o such_o as_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o monk_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o difference_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v very_o frequent_a among_o they_o especial_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o careless_a confound_v of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n who_o beginning_n do_v various_o differ_v as_o every_o man_n know_v nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o agree_v touch_v the_o tribute_n and_o tax_n before_o the_o next_o or_o one_o thousand_o and_o thirteen_o year_n for_o concern_v that_o year_n florentius_n hoveden_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o thus_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tyrant_n swain_n give_v command_v to_o make_v ready_a provision_n in_o abundance_n for_o his_o navy_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o a_o almost_o intolerable_a tribute_n in_o like_a manner_n turkillus_n send_v out_o his_o command_n every_o where_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o fleet_n which_o lie_v at_o greenwich_n that_o fleet_n of_o xlv_o ship_n ride_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o thames_n near_o greenwich_n and_o then_o first_o receive_v their_o promise_a pay_n that_o be_v in_o that_o very_a year_n which_o be_v discount_v be_v the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n as_o ingulphus_n will_v have_v it_o wherefore_o its_o beginning_n be_v not_o ill_o place_v in_o that_o year_n without_o all_o question_n that_o ingulphus_n be_v a_o courtier_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o or_o a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a account_n at_o the_o time_n wherein_o that_o be_v do_v which_o he_o relate_n so_o that_o especial_a credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v he_o in_o this_o particular_a whereas_o also_o he_o say_v that_o king_n edward_n remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v affirm_v also_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n and_o matthew_n the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n who_o say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n mli_o king_n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n of_o 38_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v usual_o pay_v to_o the_o danish_a auxiliary_n during_o his_o father_n reign_n whereof_o we_o read_v also_o in_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n but_o hoveden_n say_v k._n edward_n absolve_v the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o that_o grievous_a tribute_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n after_o that_o his_o father_n k._n ethelred_n have_v command_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a soldier_n other_o there_o be_v also_o that_o write_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n some_o of_o the_o annalibus_fw-la english_a saxon_a chronicle_n place_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o so_o affirm_v that_o there_o intervene_v 39_o year_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o tribute_n which_o also_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o heregild_n that_o be_v a_o military_a oâ—_n naval_a tribute_n to_o that_o abolishment_n of_o it_o by_o king_n edward_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o beginning_n they_o agree_v with_o ingulphus_n and_o hoveden_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n mlii_o those_o chronicle_n render_v it_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v k._n edward_n abolish_v that_o military_a tribute_n or_o heregild_n which_o have_v be_v former_o impose_v by_o k._n ethelred_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v but_o yet_o in_o the_o author_n of_o that_o regis_fw-la dialogue_n concern_v the_o exchequer_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o common_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v gervasius_n tilburiensis_n we_o read_v it_o be_v pay_v yearly_o even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o or_o the_o norman_a conquest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o fourteen_o year_n complete_a immediate_o after_o that_o abolishment_n for_o so_o long_o k._n edward_n reign_v who_o that_o william_n succeed_v the_o autor_n word_n be_v these_o the_o pirate_n of_o the_o adjacent_a island_n have_v make_v a_o irruption_n and_o spoil_v the_o seacoast_n carry_v away_o gold_n silver_n and_o all_o thing_n of_o any_o value_n but_o assoon_o as_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n set_v forth_o any_o preparation_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o nation_n they_o present_o â—â—ed_v away_o by_o sea_n but_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o and_o ever_o more_o incline_v to_o mischief_n be_v that_o warlike_a and_o populous_a nation_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a desire_n of_o prey_n press_v on_o the_o more_o furious_o because_o they_o lay_v claim_v to_o somewhat_o of_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o british_a history_n relate_n more_o at_o large_a therefore_o for_o the_o repel_v of_o they_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o two_o shilling_n silver_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n shall_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o custom_n for_o ever_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o valiant_a man_n who_o by_o scout_v about_o continual_o and_o guard_v the_o seacoast_n may_v repress_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n and_o in_o regard_n this_o revenue_n be_v appoint_v chief_o 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this_o whole_a sea_n unto_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shore_n or_o port_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o but_o concern_v that_o libel_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o shore_n large_a than_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n happen_v first_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o isle_n be_v so_o retain_v by_o the_o english_a after_o they_o be_v out_v of_o normandy_n for_o before_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o prince_n that_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o of_o bretaign_n by_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n of_o that_o country_n so_o that_o the_o french_a king_n have_v neither_o any_o shore_n almost_o nor_o any_o considerable_a use_n of_o sea-affair_n at_o that_o time_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o english_a do_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n retain_v the_o aforesaid_a 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assail_v by_o a_o english_a fleet_n of_o 40_o sail._n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o the_o french_a who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o sea-fight_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n whole_o defeat_v observe_v here_o they_o say_v that_o hitherto_o the_o french_a be_v not_o accustom_v to_o fight_v by_o sea_n but_o of_o the_o english_a they_o say_v the_o english_a be_v warlike_a and_o skilled_a in_o sea-fight_n gall_v they_o with_o dart_n and_o arrow_n run_v they_o through_o with_o their_o lance_n do_v execution_n with_o their_o sword_n sink_v their_o ship_n and_o they_o with_o lime_n which_o they_o do_v by_o throw_v the_o powder_n of_o lime_n into_o the_o aër_fw-la so_o it_o may_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o french-men_n eye_n they_o be_v deprive_v also_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o succour_n and_o know_v not_o which_o way_n to_o sly_a the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n time_n be_v expert_a in_o sea-fight_n do_v by_o this_o mean_n make_v good_a the_o possession_n of_o their_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n also_o that_o be_v situate_a therein_o for_o even_o this_o fight_n relate_n to_o the_o second_o year_n of_o henry_n â—ondin_fw-fr the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxviii_o that_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n almost_o when_o the_o english_a be_v first_o deprive_v of_o normandy_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o say_v that_o these_o island_n first_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a norman_a privilegiis_fw-la right_a or_o by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o affirm_v by_o any_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o weight_n in_o this_o reason_n that_o because_o those_o island_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v certain_a custom_n like_o the_o norman_a therefore_o they_o do_v belong_v to_o normandy_n for_o the_o norman_a custom_n be_v often_o use_v in_o england_n as_o the_o roman_a be_v sometime_o by_o other_o nation_n yet_o every_o man_n know_v this_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o argument_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o those_o island_n be_v within_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constances_n in_o normandy_n until_o that_o in_o our_o grand-father_n day_n they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dorso_fw-la winchester_n their_o ecclesiastic_a government_n be_v a_o long_a time_n derive_v out_o of_o normandy_n with_o more_o convenience_n indeed_o because_o of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o begin_v as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o those_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o many_o priory_n heretofore_o in_o england_n who_o be_v of_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n do_v therefore_o belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o that_o of_o the_o english_a king_n as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v every_o jot_n as_o weak_a also_o which_o they_o use_v to_o allege_v about_o the_o norman_a language_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n the_o people_n of_o cornwâ—l_n in_o england_n have_v always_o use_v the_o welsh_a tongue_n at_o least_o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o the_o dialect_n as_o the_o bretaigns_n do_v also_o in_o france_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n use_v the_o irish_a tongue_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v conclude_v thence_o either_o that_o this_o paie_n obedience_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n or_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o that_o the_o other_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o prince_n by_o any_o right_n of_o the_o welsh_a principality_n we_o know_v indeed_o that_o
sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o 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pluis_fw-it per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr navy_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o old_a norman_a speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o english_a be_v ever_o in_o the_o age_n past_o renown_a for_o sea_n affair_n in_o all_o country_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o have_v also_o so_o numerous_a a_o navy_n that_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n esteem_v and_o call_v our_o king_n the_o king_n or_o sovereign_a of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o notable_a testimony_n touch_v this_o business_n in_o the_o parlament-record_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o where_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n run_v as_o be_v usual_a after_o this_o manner_n item_n priont_fw-fr les_fw-fr 6._o commons_n que_fw-fr per_fw-la lou_z nostre_fw-fr tressoverain_a seigneur_fw-fr le_z roy_fw-fr et_fw-fr sesse_n nobles_n progenitor_n de_fw-fr tout_fw-fr temps_fw-fr on_o it_o este_fw-fr signior_n deal_v mere_a &_o over_o 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to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o 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as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a 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the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v 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guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o hinder_v all_o for_o this_o narrow_a see_n what_o be_v contain_v more_o at_o large_a in_o these_o rhythme_n you_o have_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o it_o contract_v above_o in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o render_v the_o word_n themselves_o the_o same_o versifier_n also_o proceed_v thus_o but_o king_n edward_n make_v a_o siege_n royal_a and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o in_o special_a the_o sea_n be_v keep_v and_o thereof_o he_o be_v lord_n thus_o make_v he_o coin_v noble_n come_v of_o record_n we_o have_v also_o divers_a other_o very_a large_a domestic_a testimony_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v mingle_v together_o with_o the_o ancient_a recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o foreign_a nation_n concern_v the_o same_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v a_o libel_n publish_v of_o old_a or_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v wherein_o very_a many_o foreign_a nation_n heretofore_o in_o the_o time_n our_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v all_o together_o and_o by_o common_a consent_n with_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n whereto_o i_o shall_v add_v also_o a_o particular_a declaration_n of_o that_o kind_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o but_o that_o the_o strike_n of_o sail_n be_v do_v not_o only_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o also_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n certain_o the_o french_a can_v doubt_v of_o it_o who_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v will_v have_v have_v themselves_o heretofore_o acknowledge_v lord_n of_o our_o sea_n but_o in_o vain_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v as_o 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cognisance_n of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o truce_n and_o pass_v their_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o dorso_n la_o or_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o form_n of_o sufferance_n after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n wherein_o this_o kind_n of_o truce_n take_v place_n and_o sometime_o not_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccciii_o which_o be_v the_o one_o and_o thirty_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n be_v 2._o that_o those_o king_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v at_o amity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o also_o that_o they_o shall_v defend_v one_o another_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o right_n against_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o except_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o son_n in_o law_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n but_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n albertus_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_z john_n earl_n of_o henault_n but_o the_o three_o article_n thereof_o for_o the_o first_o and_o three_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n in_o that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o be_v this_o item_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr accord_n qe_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr receptera_fw-fr ne_fw-fr sustendra_fw-fr ne_fw-fr confortera_fw-mi ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr comfort_n ne_o aid_n as_o enemy_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soffera_fw-mi qu'_fw-fr ils_fw-fr eient_fw-fr comfort_n souccor_n ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr de_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr victual_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr terres_fw-la ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n mais_fw-fr adiondera_fw-la sur_fw-fr peine_fw-fr de_fw-fr forfeiture_n de_fw-fr corpse_n &_o d'_fw-fr avoir_fw-fr &_o empeschera_fw-la à _fw-la tot_fw-la son_n poair_a loiaument_n en_fw-fr bon_fw-fr foi_fw-fr qe_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n enemy_n ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr resceipt_n ne_fw-fr conforte_n es_fw-la terres_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr seignurie_n ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n ne_fw-fr q'ils_fw-fr en_fw-fr aient_fw-fr comfort_n soccour_v ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n des_fw-fr chevaux_fw-fr d'_fw-fr armeures_fw-fr de_fw-fr vitail_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a to_o this_o effect_n that_o according_a to_o this_o contract_n of_o amity_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o in_o any_o wise_a to_o cherish_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o other_o nor_o suffer_v any_o kind_n of_o aid_n or_o relief_n to_o be_v afford_v they_o in_o their_o territory_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o at_o a_o end_n because_o there_o arise_v very_o many_o complaint_n concern_v injury_n do_v up_o and_o down_o as_o well_o in_o the_o more_o open_a as_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n during_o the_o special_a truce_n afore_o mention_v but_o also_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v arise_v perhaps_o after_o the_o league_n be_v make_v especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n at_o that_o time_n betwixt_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n therefore_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v they_o and_o those_o at_o that_o time_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v robert_n junii_fw-la de_fw-fr burghershe_n constable_n of_o dover_n castle_n and_z john_n the_o banquell_n steward_n of_o pontoise_n baraldus_n de_fw-fr sescas_n and_o arnaldus_n ayquein_o knight_n on_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n be_v appoint_v the_o lord_n saquil_o mittonius_n blanvillius_n bertrandus_fw-la jordanus_n and_o gulielmus_fw-la ralastansius_n knight_n also_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v take_v cognisance_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n commission_n des_fw-fr enterprise_n mesprise_n &_o forfaites_n en_fw-fr treve_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr sufferance_n entre_fw-fr nos_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n d'_fw-fr un_fw-fr part_n &_o d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr es_fw-mi costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o autres_fw-fr per_fw-la deceâ—_fw-la &_o ausint_fw-la per_fw-la dever_v normandy_n &_o autres_fw-fr costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr per_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr that_o be_v of_o encroachment_n injury_n and_o offence_n commit_v on_o either_o side_n in_o time_n either_o of_o the_o league_n or_o sufferance_n or_o of_o the_o truce_n agree_v on_o between_o we_o and_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n for_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n only_o either_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o towards_o normandy_n or_o other_o more_o remote_a but_o the_o aforesaid_a party_n be_v authorize_v by_o two_o commission_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o one_o commission_n contain_v four_o and_o the_o other_o also_o four_o a_o equal_a number_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o the_o king_n they_o both_o bear_v date_n the_o last_o day_n of_o june_n mccciii_o to_o these_o commissioner_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n the_o libel_n be_v joint_o exhibit_v by_o procurator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n of_o england_n also_o of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o england_n and_o last_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n and_o other_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v otherwise_o than_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v join_v the_o procurator_n of_o most_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n throughout_o europe_n as_o the_o genoëse_n catalonian_o spaniard_n almain_n zelander_n hollander_n friâ—slanders_n dane_n and_o norwegian_n beside_o other_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n german_n empire_n all_o these_o together_o institute_v a_o action_n or_o complaint_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v during_o the_o war_n between_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n intercept_v and_o spoil_v merchant_n of_o their_o good_n in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v bind_v for_o flanders_n and_o all_o these_o complainants_n joint_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n without_o controversy_n enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o right_a of_o their_o realm_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o prescribe_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibition_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o ship_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o belong_v to_o merchant_n and_o by_o demand_v surety_n and_o afford_v protection_n in_o all_o place_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o order_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n right_o and_o equity_n between_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o other_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n also_o that_o they_o have_v have_v and_o have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n thereof_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o conisance_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o do_v right_o and_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a dominion_n in_o the_o say_a place_n to_o wit_n such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n then_o add_v the_o first_o article_n aforementioned_a of_o the_o league_n make_v but_o a_o little_a before_o whereby_o both_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v one_o another_o right_a they_o proceed_v in_o their_o accusation_n against_o grimbald_n say_v that_o he_o be_v only_a master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o pretend'_v that_o he_o be_v authorize_v under_o that_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o make_a war_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o he_o have_v for_o above_o a_o year_n time_n unjust_o assume_v aâ—d_v usurp_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n imprison_v and_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o good_n forfeit_v and_o confiscate_v and_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o a_o very_a insolent_a manner_n justify_v these_o action_n of_o he_o in_o writing_n as_o don_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n as_o also_o according_a to_o
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o 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charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
howsoêver_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v then_o according_a to_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n have_v have_v court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o those_o province_n as_o there_o be_v no_o place_n almost_o without_o court_n of_o admiralty_n even_o where_o not_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v unto_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hold_v yet_o by_o no_o mean_n may_v he_o thence_o be_v call_v commander_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o if_o so_o be_v you_o except_v the_o port_n and_o such_o like_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v within_o land_n either_o as_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o normandy_n or_o to_o aquitain_n gascoign_n or_o picardy_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n he_o have_v exercise_v maritime_a jurisdiction_n in_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o almost_o than_o our_o admiral_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n or_o other_o the_o like_a do_v at_o 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be_v show_v there_o also_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o whereas_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o normandy_n a_o long_a time_n before_o nor_o in_o any_o wise_a after_o nor_o do_v he_o in_o that_o agreement_n 8._o make_v a_o little_a before_o with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n claim_v any_o other_o possession_n in_o picardy_n beside_o that_o of_o calais_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o guise_n and_o ham_n and_o so_o it_o have_v continue_v now_o for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o year_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o maritime_a government_n or_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n without_o any_o relation_n at_o all_o have_v to_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n which_o bound_v the_o sea_n under_o his_o master_n protection_n upon_o
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those_o time_n touch_v the_o office_n constitute_v by_o our_o king_n in_o france_n and_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n in_o most_o whereof_o i_o find_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v here_o wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n be_v omit_v which_o in_o like_a manner_n lie_v over_o against_o our_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o together_o with_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n normandy_n and_o aquitain_n sufficient_o take_v up_o that_o whole_a tract_n which_o stretch_v itself_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n certain_o if_o the_o aforementioned_a reason_n take_v place_n there_o be_v little_a cause_n to_o doubt_v that_o it_o happen_v thence_o because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n so_o possess_v of_o bretaign_a that_o be_v out_v of_o it_o he_o need_v to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n adjoin_v distinct_a lord_n of_o territory_n confine_v on_o each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n heretofore_o for_o bretaign_v have_v king_n and_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o before_o charles_n the_o eight_o under_o who_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1491._o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v their_o bound_n so_o distinct_a that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o evident_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o all_o but_o when_o of_o such_o kind_n of_o territory_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v while_o he_o possess_v either_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n or_o any_o other_o maritime_a province_n in_o france_n together_o with_o england_n he_o be_v out_v of_o either_o aught_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o future_a distinction_n of_o bound_n for_o fear_v then_o lest_o it_o may_v have_v be_v pretend_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v or_o confine_v with_o those_o maritime_a province_n which_o be_v a_o long_a time_n heretofore_o possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o afterward_o take_v away_o be_v take_v away_o together_o with_o the_o province_n whenas_o perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n all_o man_n may_v not_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n place_v as_o we_o have_v say_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o therefore_o for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o those_o bound_n the_o name_n first_o of_o aquitain_n after_o its_o be_v lose_v be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n and_o then_o that_o also_o of_o normandy_n be_v add_v and_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n continue_v down_o to_o our_o time_n which_o 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