do_v the_o rather_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o singular_a integrity_n and_o his_o perfectness_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n which_o ariovistus_n through_o long_a continuance_n have_v learn_v and_o that_o the_o german_n have_v no_o cause_n of_o offence_n against_o he_o and_o with_o he_o he_o send_v m._n titius_n that_o be_v familiar_o acquaint_v with_o ariovistus_n with_o instruction_n to_o hear_v what_o be_v say_v and_o to_o make_v report_n thereof_o to_o caesar_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o ariovistus_n see_v come_v into_o his_o camp_n he_o cry_v out_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o army_n demand_v wherefore_o they_o come_v thither_o and_o whether_o they_o be_v not_o send_v as_o spy_n and_o as_o they_o be_v about_o to_o make_v answer_n he_o cut_v they_o off_o and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v put_v in_o iron_n the_o same_o day_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n and_o lodge_v himself_o under_o a_o hill_n six_o mile_n from_o caesar_n the_o next_o day_n he_o bring_v his_o force_n along_o by_o caesar_n camp_n and_o encamp_v himself_o two_o mile_n beyond_o he_o of_o purpose_n to_o cut_v off_o all_o such_o corn_n and_o convoy_n as_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o heduan_o and_o sequans_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o by_o the_o space_n of_o five_o day_n together_o caesar_n imbattel_v his_o man_n before_o his_o camp_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o if_o ariovistus_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v battle_n he_o may_v do_v it_o when_o he_o will_v but_o ariovistus_n all_o this_o while_n keep_v his_o army_n within_o his_o camp_n and_o daily_o send_v out_o his_o horseman_n to_o skirmish_v with_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o fight_v which_o the_o german_n have_v practise_v there_o be_v 6000_o horseman_n and_o as_o many_o strong_a and_o nimble_a footman_n who_o the_o horseman_n have_v select_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a host_n every_o man_n one_o for_o his_o safeguard_n these_o they_o have_v always_o at_o hand_n with_o they_o in_o battle_n and_o unto_o these_o they_o resort_v for_o succour_v if_o the_o horseman_n be_v overcharge_v these_o ever_o step_v in_o to_o help_v they_o if_o any_o one_o be_v wound_v or_o unhorse_v they_o come_v about_o he_o and_o succour_v he_o if_o the_o matter_n require_v either_o to_o adventure_v forward_o or_o to_o retire_v speedy_o back_o again_o their_o swiftness_n be_v such_o through_o continual_a exercise_n that_o hang_v on_o the_o horse-mane_n by_o the_o one_o hand_n they_o will_v run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horse_n observation_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a unto_o the_o soldier_n of_o our_o time_n horseman_n that_o the_o footman_n shall_v be_v mingle_v pell-mell_o among_o the_o horseman_n without_o hurt_n and_o disadvantage_n to_o themselves_o so_o unlikely_a it_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o succour_v the_o horseman_n in_o any_o danger_n or_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v imagine_v that_o these_o footman_n in_o the_o encounter_n cast_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n and_o so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n assist_v the_o horseman_n but_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o place_n &_o of_o other_o which_o i_o will_v allege_v 〈◊〉_d purpose_n plain_o evince_v that_o these_o footman_n be_v mingle_v indifferent_o among_o the_o â—orsemen_n to_o assist_v every_o particular_a man_n as_o his_o 〈◊〉_d and_o occasion_n require_v and_o therefore_o the_o choice_n of_o these_o footman_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o horseman_n in_o who_o service_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v his_o friend_n in_o who_o he_o repose_v great_a confidence_n when_o they_o be_v overcharge_v these_o step_v in_o to_o help_v they_o if_o any_o man_n be_v wound_v or_o unhorse_v he_o have_v his_o footman_n ready_a to_o assist_v he_o and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o any_o speedy_a service_n or_o sudden_o to_o retire_v upon_o advantage_n they_o stay_v themselves_o upon_o the_o mane_n of_o the_o horse_n with_o one_o hand_n and_o so_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horseman_n can_v go_v which_o service_n they_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v perform_v without_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n if_o the_o footman_n have_v not_o several_o attend_v upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o affection_n specify_v in_o their_o particular_a election_n the_o principal_a use_n of_o these_o footman_n of_o the_o german_n consist_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o their_o own_o horseman_n upon_o any_o necessity_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v their_o service_n upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horseman_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v long_o before_o practise_v the_o same_o art_n to_o a_o more_o effectual_a purpose_n namely_o as_o a_o principal_a remedy_n not_o only_o to_o resist_v but_o to_o defeat_v far_o great_a troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o enemy_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v against_o they_o whereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a memory_n which_o history_n mention_v be_v record_v by_o livy_n in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n under_o the_o regiment_n of_o quintus_n fulvius_n the_o consul_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o all_o their_o conflict_n as_o the_o roman_a legion_n return_v with_o the_o better_a so_o their_o cavalry_n be_v always_o put_v to_o the_o worst_a and_o therefore_o they_o invent_v this_o mean_n to_o make_v that_o good_a by_o art_n which_o be_v want_v in_o force_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v take_v the_o choice_a young_a man_n both_o for_o strength_n and_o agility_n and_o to_o they_o be_v give_v little_a round_a buckler_n and_o seven_o dart_n apiece_o in_o stead_n of_o their_o other_o weapon_n these_o soldier_n practise_v to_o ride_v behind_o the_o horseman_n and_o speedy_o to_o light_v from_o the_o horse_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v and_o so_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n on_o foot_n and_o when_o by_o exercise_n they_o be_v make_v so_o expert_a that_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o invention_n no_o whit_n affright_v they_o the_o roman_a horseman_n go_v forth_o to_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n every_o man_n carry_v his_o foot-souldier_n behind_o he_o who_o at_o the_o encounter_n sudden_o alight_v charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o a_o fury_n that_o they_o follow_v they_o in_o slaughter_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o capua_n and_o hence_o say_v livy_n grow_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o velite_n which_o ever_o after_o that_o time_n be_v enrol_v with_o the_o legion_n the_o author_n of_o this_o stratagem_n be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o q._n navius_n a_o centurion_n and_o be_v honourable_o reward_v by_o fulvius_n the_o consul_n for_o the_o same_o sallust_n in_o the_o history_n of_o jugurth_n say_v that_o marius_n mingle_v the_o velite_n with_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o associate_n ut_fw-la quacunque_fw-la invaderent_fw-la equitatus_fw-la hostium_fw-la propulsarent_fw-la the_o like_a practice_n be_v use_v by_o caesar_n as_o appear_z in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n save_v that_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o velite_n he_o mingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n four_o hundred_o of_o the_o lusty_a of_o his_o legionary_a soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o pompey_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n genusum_n after_o the_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la qui_fw-la tantum_fw-la profecere_fw-la say_v the_o text_n ut_fw-la equestri_fw-la praelio_fw-la commisso_fw-la pellerent_fw-la omnes_fw-la complures_fw-la interficerent_fw-la ipsique_fw-la incolumes_fw-la ad_fw-la agmen_fw-la se_fw-la reciperent_fw-la many_o other_o place_n may_v be_v recite_v but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o ancient_a time_n strengthen_v their_o cavalry_n with_o footman_n disperse_v among_o they_o the_o roman_a horseman_n 6._o say_v polybius_n at_o the_o first_o carry_v but_o a_o weak_a limber_a pole_n or_o staff_n and_o a_o little_a round_a buckler_n but_o afterward_o they_o use_v the_o furniture_n of_o the_o grecian_n exâ—id_n which_o josephus_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a lance_n or_o staff_n and_o three_o or_o four_o dart_n in_o a_o quiver_n with_o a_o buckler_n and_o a_o long_a sword_n by_o their_o right_a side_n the_o use_n of_o their_o lance_n be_v most_o effectual_a when_o they_o charge_v in_o troup_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n and_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n afford_v no_o mean_n to_o intermingle_v footman_n but_o when_o they_o use_v their_o dart_n every_o man_n get_v what_o advantage_n of_o ground_n he_o can_v as_o our_o carbine_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v and_o so_o the_o footman_n may_v have_v place_n among_o they_o or_o otherwise_o for_o so_o good_a a_o advantage_n they_o will_v easy_o make_v place_n for_o the_o footman_n to_o serve_v among_o they_o but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n how_o little_a the_o roman_n fear_v troop_n of_o horse_n consider_v that_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o defeat_v their_o horse_n be_v by_o their_o foot_n company_n but_o
to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a of_o many_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v two_o the_o one_o out_o of_o livy_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v not_o comparable_a for_o service_n to_o footman_n africano_n the_o other_o out_o of_o hirtius_n to_o show_v the_o same_o effect_n against_o stranger_n &_o numidian_a horseman_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o l._n valerius_n and_o marcus_n horatius_n valerius_n have_v fortunate_o overthrow_v the_o equi_fw-la and_o the_o volsci_n horatius_n proceed_v with_o as_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o sabine_n wherein_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o sabine_n reserve_v two_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n to_o give_v a_o fresh_a assault_n upon_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o be_v in_o conflict_n which_o take_v such_o effect_n that_o the_o legionary_a footman_n of_o that_o cornet_n be_v force_v to_o retreat_n which_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v in_o number_n six_o hundred_o perceive_v and_o not_o be_v able_a with_o their_o horse_n to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o make_v haste_n to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n on_o foot_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n they_o give_v the_o like_a advantage_n to_o their_o footman_n against_o the_o sabine_n and_o then_o betake_v themselves_o again_o to_o their_o horse_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o chase_n as_o they_o flee_v for_o the_o second_o point_n the_o numidian_n as_o caesar_n witness_v be_v the_o best_a horseman_n that_o ever_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o use_v the_o same_o art_n as_o the_o german_n do_v mingle_v among_o they_o light-armed_n footman_n and_o ambuscado_n of_o these_o numidian_n charge_v the_o legion_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o history_n say_v that_o primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la legionis_fw-la equitatus_fw-la &_o levis_fw-la armatura_fw-la hostium_fw-la nullo_n negotio_fw-la loco_fw-la pulsa_fw-la &_o dejecta_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr coll_n and_o as_o they_o sometime_o retire_v and_o sometime_o charge_v upon_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o army_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o numidian_a fight_n the_o history_n say_v caesariani_n interim_n non_fw-la amplius_fw-la tres_fw-la ant_n quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la veterani_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la convertissent_fw-la &_o pila_fw-la viribus_fw-la contortain_v numidas_n infestos_fw-la conâ—ecissent_fw-la amplius_fw-la duorum_fw-la millium_fw-la ad_fw-la unum_fw-la terga_fw-la vertebant_fw-la so_o that_o to_o free_v himself_o of_o this_o inconvenience_n he_o take_v his_o horseman_n out_o of_o the_o rearward_n and_o place_v his_o legion_n there_o ita_fw-la vim_o hostium_fw-la per_fw-la legionarium_fw-la militem_fw-la commodius_fw-la sustinebat_fw-la and_o ever_o as_o he_o march_v he_o cause_v three_o hundred_o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n to_o be_v free_a and_o without_o burden_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n quos_fw-la in_o equitatum_fw-la labieâ—_n immisit_fw-la tum_o labienus_n conversis_fw-la equis_fw-la signorum_fw-la conspectu_fw-la perterritus_fw-la turpissime_fw-la contendit_fw-la fugere_fw-la multis_fw-la ejus_fw-la occisis_fw-la compluribus_fw-la vulneratis_fw-la milites_fw-la legionarii_fw-la ad_fw-la sua_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la signa_fw-la atque_fw-la iter_fw-la inceptum_fw-la ire_n coeperunt_fw-la i_o allege_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o history_n to_o take_v away_o all_o suspicion_n of_o falsify_v or_o wrest_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o affect_a opinion_n if_o any_o man_n will_v look_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disparity_n he_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v chief_o the_o work_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n a_o unresistable_a weapon_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o horseman_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fall_v so_o thick_a that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o avoid_v they_o but_o to_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o any_o light-armed_n footman_n can_v better_a make_v head_n against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o own_o party_n although_o they_o bear_v but_o the_o same_o weapon_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o nimble_a and_o ready_a they_o be_v that_o fight_v on_o foot_n either_o to_o take_v a_o advantage_n or_o to_o shun_v and_o avoid_v any_o danger_n cast_v their_o dart_n with_o far_o great_a strength_n and_o more_o certainty_n than_o the_o horseman_n can_v do_v for_o as_o the_o force_n of_o all_o the_o engine_n of_o old_a time_n as_o the_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n and_o tolenones_n proceed_v from_o that_o stability_n and_o rest_a centre_n which_o nature_n afford_v as_o the_o only_a strength_n and_o life_n of_o the_o engine_n so_o what_o force_n soever_o a_o man_n make_v must_v principal_o proceed_v from_o that_o firmness_n and_o stay_v which_o nature_n by_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o other_o unmoveable_a rest_n give_v to_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v more_o or_o less_o strength_n according_a to_o the_o violence_n which_o it_o perform_v as_o he_o that_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n by_o so_o much_o tread_v heavy_a upon_o the_o earth_n by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n be_v heavy_a than_o his_o body_n the_o footman_n therefore_o have_v a_o sure_a stay_n to_o counterpoise_v their_o force_a motion_n then_o the_o horseman_n have_v cast_v their_o dart_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o consequent_o with_o more_o certainty_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n prevent_v ariovistus_n of_o his_o purpose_n by_o make_v two_o camp_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o ariovistus_n mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o fight_v caesar_n but_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n lest_o peradventure_o he_o shall_v intercept_v the_o sequans_n and_o other_o of_o his_o associate_n as_o they_o come_v with_o convoy_n of_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_n beyond_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o german_n abode_n about_o six_o hundred_o pace_n from_o their_o camp_n he_o choose_v a_o ground_n meet_v to_o incamp_v in_o and_o march_v thither_o in_o three_o battle_n command_v two_o of_o they_o to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n and_o the_o three_o to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n ariovistus_n send_v sixteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o all_o his_o horse_n to_o interrupt_v the_o soldier_n and_o hinder_v the_o entrenchment_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n as_o he_o have_v before_o determine_v cause_v two_o battle_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n and_o the_o three_o to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o work_n which_o be_v end_v he_o leave_v there_o two_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o associate_n force_n and_o lead_v the_o other_o four_o legion_n back_o again_o into_o the_o great_a camp_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n bring_v his_o whole_a power_n out_o of_o both_o his_o camp_n &_o march_v a_o little_a from_o the_o great_a camp_n he_o put_v his_o man_n in_o array_n and_o proffer_a battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v that_o ariovistus_n will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n about_o noon_n he_o convey_v his_o army_n into_o their_o several_a camp_n then_o at_o length_n ariovistus_n send_v part_n of_o his_o force_n to_o assault_v the_o lesser_a camp_n the_o encounter_n continue_v very_o sharp_a on_o both_o part_n until_o the_o evening_n and_o at_o sunset_n after_o many_o wound_n give_v and_o take_v ariovistus_n convey_v his_o army_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n and_o as_o caesar_n make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o captive_n what_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o ariovistus_n refuse_v battle_n he_o find_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n the_o german_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o woman_n shall_v by_o cast_v of_o lot_n and_o southsay_a declare_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o their_o behoof_n to_o fight_v or_o no_o and_o that_o they_o find_v by_o their_o art_n the_o german_n can_v not_o get_v the_o victory_n if_o they_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v what_o especial_a importance_n this_o manner_n of_o encamp_v carry_v in_o that_o absolute_a discipline_n which_o the_o roman_n observe_v and_o by_o which_o they_o conquer_v so_o many_o nation_n for_o beside_o the_o safety_n which_o it_o afford_v their_o own_o troop_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o hold_v well-fenced_n and_o man_v or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a fortify_v town_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o think_v it_o expedient_a either_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o or_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o passage_n hinder_v his_o attempt_n block_v up_o his_o camp_n beside_o many_o other_o advantage_n all_o aver_v the_o say_n of_o domitius_n corbulo_n dolabra_fw-la vincendum_fw-la esse_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o thing_n long_a time_n neglect_v but_o of_o late_a happy_o renew_v by_o the_o commander_n of_o such_o force_n as_o serve_v the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o belgia_n who_o time_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o war_n have_v teach_v to_o entertain_v the_o use_n of_o the_o spade_n and_o
to_o caesar_n the_o hedui_n say_v he_o have_v always_o find_v in_o the_o bellovaci_n a_o faithful_a and_o friendly_a disposition_n to_o their_o state_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v betray_v by_o their_o nobility_n who_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o the_o hedui_n be_v bring_v in_o bondage_n by_o the_o roman_n and_o suffer_v all_o villainy_n and_o despite_n at_o their_o hand_n they_o have_v never_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o hedui_n nor_o consent_v to_o conspire_v against_o the_o roman_n the_o author_n of_o this_o counsel_n perceive_v into_o what_o great_a misery_n they_o have_v bring_v their_o country_n be_v flee_v into_o brittany_n wherefore_o not_o only_o the_o bellovaci_n but_o the_o hedui_n also_o in_o their_o behalf_n beseech_v he_o to_o use_v his_o clemency_n towards_o they_o which_o thing_n if_o he_o do_v it_o will_v very_o much_o greaten_v the_o esteem_n &_o authority_n of_o the_o hedui_n among_o the_o belgae_n who_o former_o in_o their_o war_n have_v recourse_n to_o they_o for_o supply_n and_o assistance_n caesar_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o hedui_n and_o divitacus_n promise_v to_o receive_v they_o to_o mercy_n but_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o state_n be_v very_o great_a and_o more_o populous_a and_o powerful_a than_o other_o town_n of_o the_o belgae_n he_o demand_v six_o hundred_o hostage_n which_o be_v deliver_v and_o their_o armour_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o town_n he_o march_v from_o thence_o into_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o ambiani_n themselves_o who_o without_o further_a linger_a give_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v into_o his_o power_n upon_o these_o border_v the_o nervii_n nervii_n of_o who_o caesar_n find_v thus_o much_o by_o inquiry_n that_o there_o be_v no_o recourse_n of_o merchant_n unto_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o suffer_v any_o â—â—ine_n or_o what_o thing_n else_o may_v tend_v to_o riot_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o country_n for_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o by_o such_o thing_n their_o courage_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o their_o virtue_n weaken_v further_o he_o learn_v that_o these_o nervii_n be_v a_o savage_a people_n and_o of_o great_a valour_n often_o accuse_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o belgae_n for_o yield_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o roman_a yoke_n open_o affirm_v that_o they_o will_v neither_o send_v ambassador_n nor_o take_v peace_n upon_o any_o condition_n caesar_n have_v march_v three_o day_n journey_n in_o their_o country_n understand_v that_o the_o river_n namur_n sabis_n be_v not_o pass_v ten_o mile_n from_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o on_o the_o further_a side_n of_o this_o river_n all_o the_o nervii_n be_v assemble_v together_o and_o there_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o they_o be_v join_v the_o atâ—ebates_n and_o veromandui_n who_o they_o have_v persuade_v to_o abide_v the_o same_o fortune_n of_o war_n with_o they_o beside_o they_o expect_v a_o power_n from_o the_o aduatici_n the_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v unmeet_a for_o the_o field_n they_o bestow_v in_o a_o place_n unaccessible_a for_o any_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n and_o marsh_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n caesar_n send_v his_o discoverer_n and_o centurion_n before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o incamp_v in_o now_o whereas_o many_o of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n and_o other_o gall_n be_v continual_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n certain_a of_o these_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o the_o captive_n observe_v the_o order_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o march_v come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o nervii_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o between_o every_o legion_n go_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o carriage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o legion_n be_v come_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o legion_n yet_o a_o great_a way_n off_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o upon_o a_o sudden_a before_o they_o be_v disburden_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v they_o which_o legion_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o their_o stuff_n take_v the_o rest_n will_v have_v small_a courage_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o it_o much_o further_v this_o advice_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o nervii_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o power_n of_o horse_n but_o what_o they_o do_v they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v with_o foot_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o borderer_n whensoever_o they_o make_v any_o road_n into_o their_o march_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o cut_v young_a tree_n half_o asunder_o and_o bow_v the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n plash_v the_o bough_n in_o breadth_n and_o with_o thorn_n and_o brier_n plant_v between_o they_o they_o make_v they_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v through_o they_o so_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o enter_v or_o pass_v through_o they_o so_o that_o when_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n must_v needs_o be_v hinder_v the_o nervii_n think_v the_o foresay_a counsel_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v the_o place_n which_o the_o roman_n choose_v to_o incamp_v in_o be_v a_o hill_n of_o like_a level_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n sabis_n and_o with_o the_o like_a level_n on_o the_o other_o side_n rise_v another_o hill_n direct_o against_o this_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o two_o hundred_o pace_n the_o bottom_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o open_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n so_o thick_a with_o wood_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v look_v into_o within_o these_o wood_n the_o â—ervians_n keep_v themselves_o close_o and_o in_o the_o open_a ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v only_o see_v a_o few_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o river_n in_o that_o place_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n deep_a caesar_n march_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a at_o hand_n observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n have_v fortunate_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n march_n march_n as_o well_o in_o safe_a passage_n as_o in_o dangerous_a and_o suspect_a place_n which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o martial_a discipline_n be_v subject_a to_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o great_a art_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o manage_v a_o war_n concern_v the_o discreet_a carriage_n of_o a_o march_n by_o this_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o caesar_n principal_o respect_a safety_n and_o second_o conveniency_n mâ—râ—h_n if_o the_o place_n afford_v a_o secure_a passage_n and_o give_v no_o suspicion_n of_o hostility_n he_o be_v content_a in_o regard_n of_o conveniency_n to_o suffer_v every_o legion_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o their_o particular_a carriage_n safety_n and_o to_o insert_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n conveniency_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v at_o hand_n such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a either_o for_o their_o private_a use_n or_o public_a discipline_n but_o if_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o sudden_a attempt_n or_o stand_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v impeach_v by_o a_o enemy_n he_o then_o omit_v convenient_a disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o particular_a use_n as_o disadvantageous_a to_o their_o safety_n and_o carry_v his_o legion_n in_o that_o readiness_n that_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v without_o any_o alteration_n of_o their_o march_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o their_o carriage_n receive_v the_o charge_n in_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o be_v best_a approve_v by_o their_o military_a rule_n and_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o their_o fortunate_a progenitour_n the_o old_a roman_n observe_v likewise_o the_o same_o respect_n for_o in_o unsafe_a and_o suspect_a place_n they_o carry_v their_o troop_n again_o quadrato_fw-la quadratum_fw-la in_o a_o square_a march_n which_o as_o livy_n seem_v to_o note_v be_v free_a from_o all_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n which_o may_v hinder_v they_o in_o any_o sudden_a alarm_n neither_o do_v that_o of_o gall._n hirtius_n any_o way_n contradict_v this_o interpretation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o caesar_n so_o dispose_v his_o troop_n against_o the_o bellovaci_n that_o three_o legion_n march_v in_o front_n and_o after_o they_o come_v all_o the_o carriage_n to_o which_o the_o ten_o legion_n serve_v as_o a_o rearward_n and_o so_o they_o march_v pene_fw-la agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la almost_o in_o a_o square_a march_n epist_n seneca_n in_o like_a manner_n note_v the_o safety_n of_o agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v expect_v we_o ought_v to_o march_v agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la ready_a to_o fight_v the_o most_o material_a consequence_n of_o these_o place_n allege_v be_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o suspect_v any_o onset_n or_o charge_n their_o order_n in_o a_o march_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v from_o their_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v and_o
his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n than_o be_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a and_o champain_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v and_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o twenty_o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_v and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o any_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjectur_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o werebut_n one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n stand_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a place_n they_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v apt_a for_o all_o these_o purpose_n for_o every_o soldier_n among_o they_o be_v once_o arm_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v refuse_v no_o place_n time_n nor_o occasion_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o order_n whether_o he_o fight_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n or_o particular_o by_o himself_o man_n to_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o disposition_n be_v advantageous_a so_o the_o end_n do_v answer_v the_o expectation_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a because_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v and_o again_o many_o wonder_v how_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o roman_a army_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o weapon_n thus_o far_o go_v polybius_n in_o compare_v the_o weapon_n and_o embattel_v of_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o macedonian_n wherein_o we_o see_v the_o pike_n true_o and_o exact_o order_v according_a as_o the_o wise_a grecians_n can_v best_o proportion_v it_o with_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n which_o may_v give_v most_o advantage_n to_o the_o use_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o our_o squadron_n of_o pike_n jump_v not_o with_o the_o perfect_a manner_n of_o a_o phalanx_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v not_o they_o fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o other_o nation_n impute_v unto_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o can_v allow_v it_o that_o disposition_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o war_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o weapon_n do_v require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n the_o say_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v be_v tie_v to_o such_o dangerous_a circumstance_n of_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n of_o fight_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o profitable_a a_o weapon_n as_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n do_v seem_v to_o make_v it_o especial_o in_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o ireland_n be_v where_o the_o use_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o be_v note_v to_o hinder_v the_o manage_n thereof_o and_o doubtless_o if_o our_o commander_n do_v but_o consider_v of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o ireland_n they_o will_v not_o proportion_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o they_o in_o every_o company_n as_o there_o be_v for_o common_o half_a the_o company_n be_v pike_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o war_n that_o half_o the_o army_n have_v neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n but_o only_o against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n for_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o come_v to_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n with_o the_o foot_n company_n where_o they_o may_v charge_v and_o offend_v the_o enemy_n and_o for_o defence_n if_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o buckle_v with_o they_o at_o hand_n but_o make_v more_o advantage_n to_o play_v upon_o they_o afar_o off_o with_o shot_n it_o afford_v small_a safety_n to_o shake_v a_o long_a pike_n at_o they_o and_o stand_v fair_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o entertain_v a_o volley_n of_o shot_n with_o the_o body_n of_o their_o battalion_n as_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o pike_n in_o some_o service_n be_v profitable_a as_o behind_o a_o rampire_n or_o at_o a_o breach_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v weapon_n if_o they_o be_v put_v to_o trial_n that_o will_v countervail_v the_o pike_n even_o in_o those_o service_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v most_o profitable_a concern_v the_o target_n we_o see_v it_o take_v the_o hand_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o polybius_n of_o all_o other_o weapon_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o divers_a and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n wheresoever_o for_o their_o use_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o small_a body_n and_o century_n as_o in_o gross_a troop_n and_o great_a
prince_n and_o senate_n will_v swear_v faith_n and_o safe_a continuance_n unto_o their_o people_n neither_o will_v they_o require_v more_o than_o three_o day_n to_o negotiate_v this_o business_n caesar_n conceive_v this_o entreaty_n to_o import_v nothing_o else_o then_o the_o return_n of_o their_o horseman_n that_o be_v absent_a in_o pillage_n who_o they_o expect_v within_o three_o day_n notwithstanding_o he_o promise_v they_o to_o march_v but_o four_o mile_n further_o that_o day_n to_o a_o convenient_a watring-place_n and_o bid_v that_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o shall_v come_v thither_o to_o he_o next_o day_n that_o he_o may_v know_v what_o they_o desire_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o send_v to_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o be_v before_o not_o to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v and_o if_o they_o be_v set_v upon_o to_o sustain_v the_o charge_n until_o he_o come_v near_o with_o the_o army_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v his_o dissemble_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o the_o german_n and_o the_o encouragement_n which_o he_o give_v they_o in_o a_o faithful_a and_o loyal_a affection_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n when_o he_o himself_o know_v they_o have_v start_v from_o that_o duty_n which_o both_o their_o honour_n and_o a_o good_a respect_n of_o their_o friend_n require_v for_o he_o well_o understand_v that_o his_o presence_n do_v take_v away_o all_o scruple_n of_o any_o further_a motion_n in_o that_o kind_n and_o therefore_o to_o have_v object_v unto_o they_o their_o error_n have_v not_o be_v to_o heal_v but_o to_o discover_v their_o wound_n only_o he_o take_v the_o way_n to_o cut_v off_o their_o hope_n of_o any_o practice_n which_o they_o may_v attempt_v against_o the_o roman_a people_n and_o hold_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o faithful_a friend_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discourage_v by_o the_o detection_n of_o their_o revolt_n the_o second_o observation_n second_o upon_o this_o resolution_n that_o there_o be_v no_o league_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o german_n if_o they_o continue_v on_o this_o side_n the_o rhine_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o he_o entertain_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o such_o consent_n and_o denial_n as_o may_v manifest_v his_o readiness_n to_o further_a what_o he_o make_v show_v of_o and_o not_o weaken_v the_o mean_n of_o his_o best_a advantage_n for_o as_o he_o be_v content_a they_o shall_v take_v a_o quiet_a farewell_n of_o gallia_n and_o plant_v themselves_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o ubii_n so_o be_v he_o loath_a to_o yield_v to_o any_o condition_n which_o may_v disadvantage_n his_o forcible_a constraint_n or_o weaken_v his_o command_n if_o persuasion_n fail_v for_o he_o well_o know_v that_o powerful_a mean_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o he_o require_v will_v further_o the_o course_n of_o a_o peaceable_a conclusion_n and_o carry_v more_o authority_n in_o a_o parley_n than_o any_o other_o motive_n how_o reasonable_a soever_o moreover_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o careful_a he_o be_v not_o to_o impose_v upon_o the_o german_n a_o necessity_n of_o fight_v hostem_fw-la but_o open_v a_o passage_n by_o propound_v unto_o they_o the_o association_n of_o the_o ubii_n by_o which_o they_o may_v avoid_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n which_o thing_n be_v always_o observe_v by_o commander_n of_o ancient_a time_n who_o diligent_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n find_v that_o neither_o of_o those_o noble_a instrument_n whereby_o man_n work_v such_o wonder_n i_o mean_v the_o hand_n and_o the_o tongue_n have_v ever_o bring_v so_o many_o excellent_a work_n to_o that_o type_n of_o perfection_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v force_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v wise_o to_o handle_v the_o course_n of_o our_o action_n lest_o while_o we_o stand_v too_o strict_a upon_o a_o violent_a guard_n we_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o redouble_v his_o strength_n and_o so_o furnish_v he_o with_o that_o powerful_a engine_n which_o vetius_n mescius_fw-la call_v ultimum_fw-la and_o maximum_fw-la telum_fw-la the_o last_o and_o great_a weapon_n the_o force_n whereof_o shall_v better_a appear_v by_o these_o example_n some_o few_o of_o the_o samnite_n 9_o contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n have_v make_v incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o roman_a confederate_n the_o senate_n of_o that_o state_n send_v to_o rome_n to_o excuse_v the_o fact_n and_o to_o make_v offer_n of_o satisfaction_n but_o be_v reject_v claudius_n pontius_n general_n of_o their_o force_n in_o a_o excellent_a oration_n which_o he_o make_v show_v how_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o peace_n but_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v revenge_v by_o war_n and_o therefore_o necessity_n constrain_v they_o to_o put_v on_o arm_n justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la say_v he_o quibus_fw-la necessarium_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la spes_fw-la est_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v piety_n in_o those_o man_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n who_o have_v no_o hope_n but_o in_o take_v up_o arm_n the_o issue_n thereof_o be_v that_o the_o samnite_n entrap_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o dishonourable_a term_n to_o save_v their_o life_n as_o it_o be_v at_o large_a in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o livy_n caius_n manlius_n conduct_v the_o roman_a legion_n against_o the_o veii_n 7._o part_n of_o the_o veian_a army_n have_v enter_v the_o roman_a camp_n which_o manlius_n perceive_v he_o haste_v with_o a_o band_n of_o man_n to_o keep_v the_o breach_n and_o to_o shut_v in_o the_o veii_n which_o they_o no_o soon_o perceive_v but_o they_o fight_v with_o that_o rage_n and_o fury_n that_o they_o slay_v manlius_n and_o have_v overthrow_v the_o whole_a camp_n have_v not_o a_o tribune_n open_v they_o a_o passage_n by_o which_o they_o flee_v away_o in_o like_a manner_n camillus_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o roman_a captain_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o city_n of_o the_o veii_n that_o he_o may_v take_v it_o with_o great_a facility_n and_o disarm_v the_o enemy_n of_o that_o terrible_a weapon_n of_o necessity_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o no_o veian_n shall_v be_v hurt_v that_o be_v find_v unarm_v whereupon_o every_o man_n cast_v away_o his_o weapon_n and_o so_o the_o town_n be_v take_v without_o bloodshed_n let_v a_o soldier_n therefore_o take_v such_o hold_n of_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n as_o be_v offer_v unto_o he_o that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n he_o may_v seem_v to_o cast_v necessity_n upon_o his_o own_o cause_n and_o retain_v it_o in_o his_o pay_n consider_v how_o the_o power_n thereof_o alter_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n and_o change_v their_o effect_n into_o contrary_a operation_n be_v never_o subject_a to_o any_o ordinance_n or_o law_n and_o yet_o make_v that_o lawful_a which_o procee_v from_o it_o chap._n four_o the_o german_n contrary_a to_o their_o own_o request_n make_v to_o caesar_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o overthrow_v they_o notwithstanding_o the_o german_n request_n concern_v the_o truce_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o see_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v in_o number_n five_o thousand_o whereas_o the_o german_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n those_o that_o go_v over_o the_o mosa_n to_o forage_v not_o be_v yet_o return_v they_o charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n not_o expect_v any_o hostile_a encounter_n inasmuch_o as_o their_o ambassador_n be_v new_o depart_v from_o caesar_n and_o have_v obtain_v that_o day_n of_o truce_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o they_o make_v what_o resistance_n they_o can_v the_o german_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n for_o sook_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n run_v our_o horse_n into_o the_o belly_n and_o overthrow_v many_o of_o our_o man_n so_o that_o they_o easy_o put_v the_o roman_n to_o flight_n who_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v into_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o legion_n in_o that_o battle_n be_v slay_v 74_o roman_a horseman_n &_o among_o the_o rest_n piso_n a_o aquitane_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o bear_v of_o noble_a parentage_n who_o grandfather_n be_v the_o chief_a ruler_n in_o his_o city_n and_o call_v friend_n by_o the_o roman_a senate_n this_o piso_n see_v his_o brother_n compass_v about_o by_o the_o enemy_n break_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o rescue_v he_o but_o have_v his_o horse_n wound_v under_o he_o in_o the_o action_n and_o be_v dismount_v he_o fight_v stout_o on_o foot_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o enemy_n hem_v he_o in_o and_o give_v he_o in_o and_o give_v he_o several_a wound_n then_o he_o fall_v down_o which_o his_o brother_n see_v afar_o off_o for_o he_o have_v
caesar_n caesar_n although_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v their_o determination_n yet_o conjecture_v of_o the_o event_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ship_n and_o by_o their_o delay_n of_o give_v up_o hostage_n provide_v against_o all_o chance_n for_o he_o bring_v corn_n daily_o out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o his_o camp_n and_o take_v the_o hull_n of_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v most_o dismember_v and_o with_o the_o timber_n and_o brass_n thereof_o he_o mend_v the_o rest_n that_o be_v beat_v with_o the_o tempest_n cause_v other_o necessary_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o gallia_n which_o be_v handle_v with_o the_o great_a industry_n and_o travel_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o lose_v only_o twelve_o ship_n and_o make_v the_o other_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o sea_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o action_n the_o seven_o legion_n be_v send_v out_o by_o course_n to_o fetch_v in_o corn_n and_o little_o suspect_v any_o motion_n of_o war_n as_o part_v of_o the_o soldier_n continue_v in_o the_o field_n and_o the_o rest_n go_v &_o come_v between_o they_o and_o the_o camp_n the_o station_n that_o watch_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n give_v advertisement_n to_o caesar_n that_o the_o same_o way_n which_o the_o legion_n go_v there_o appear_v a_o great_a dust_n than_o be_v usual_o see_v caesar_n suspect_v that_o which_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o the_o britan_n be_v enter_v into_o some_o new_a resolution_n he_o take_v those_o two_o cohort_n which_o be_v in_o station_n before_o the_o port_n command_v other_o two_o to_o take_v their_o place_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o arm_v themselves_o and_o present_o to_o follow_v he_o and_o go_v that_o way_n where_o the_o dust_n be_v descry_v and_o when_o he_o have_v march_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o camp_n he_o see_v his_o man_n overcharge_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o scarce_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o assault_n the_o legion_n throng_v together_o on_o a_o heap_n and_o weapon_n cast_v from_o all_o part_n among_o they_o for_o when_o they_o have_v harve_v all_o other_o quarter_n there_o remain_v one_o piece_n of_o corn_n whither_o the_o enemy_n suspect_v the_o roman_n will_v at_o last_o come_v and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n convey_v themselves_o secret_o into_o the_o wood_n where_o they_o continue_v until_o the_o roman_n be_v come_v into_o the_o field_n and_o as_o they_o see_v they_o disarm_v disperse_v and_o occupy_v in_o reap_v they_o sudden_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o slay_v some_o few_o of_o they_o rout_z the_o rest_n and_o encompass_v they_o about_o with_o their_o horseman_n and_o chariot_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n with_o chariot_n be_v first_o to_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o and_o cast_v their_o weapon_n as_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o with_o the_o terror_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o rattle_a of_o their_o wheel_n to_o disorder_v the_o company_n and_o when_o they_o have_v wound_v themselves_o between_o any_o troop_n of_o horse_n they_o forsake_v their_o chariot_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o guider_n of_o their_o chariot_n will_v drive_v a_o little_a aside_o and_o so_o place_n themselves_o that_o if_o their_o master_n need_v any_o help_n they_o may_v have_v a_o easy_a passage_n unto_o they_o and_o thus_o they_o perform_v in_o all_o their_o fight_n both_o the_o nimble_a motion_n of_o horseman_n and_o the_o firm_a stability_n of_o footman_n &_o be_v so_o ready_a with_o daily_a practice_n that_o they_o can_v stay_v in_o the_o declivity_n of_o a_o steep_a hill_n &_o turn_v short_a or_o moderate_v their_o go_n as_o it_o seem_v best_o unto_o they_o and_o run_v along_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o coach_n &_o rest_n upon_o the_o yoke_n or_o harness_n of_o their_o horse_n &_o return_v as_o speedy_o again_o at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o roman_n be_v thus_o trouble_v caesar_n come_v to_o rescue_v they_o in_o very_o good_a time_n for_o at_o his_o come_v the_o enemy_n stand_v still_o &_o the_o soldier_n gather_v their_o spirit_n unto_o they_o &_o begin_v to_o renew_v their_o courage_n that_o be_v almost_o spend_v caesar_n take_v it_o a_o unfit_a time_n either_o to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n or_o to_o give_v he_o battle_n continue_v a_o while_n in_o the_o same_o place_n &_o then_o return_v with_o the_o legion_n into_o the_o camp_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v and_o the_o roman_n thus_o busy_v the_o britan_n that_o be_v in_o the_o field_n convey_v themselves_o all_o away_o the_o first_o observation_n by_o this_o we_o plain_o find_v that_o there_o be_v usual_o two_o cohort_n which_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o in_o a_o maniple_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 720._o man_n which_o keep_v the_o day-watch_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o be_v always_o in_o readiness_n upon_o any_o service_n the_o commodity_n whereof_o appear_v by_o this_o accident_n for_o consider_v that_o the_o advertisement_n require_v haste_n and_o speedy_a recourse_n it_o great_o further_v their_o rescue_n to_o have_v so_o many_o man_n ready_a to_o march_v forward_o at_o the_o first_o motion_n that_o they_o may_v give_v what_o help_n they_o can_v until_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n come_v in_o the_o second_o observation_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n with_o chariot_n be_v very_o particular_o describe_v by_o caesar_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v stand_v upon_o any_o long_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o neither_o in_o gallia_n nor_o any_o other_o country_n of_o europe_n the_o use_n of_o chariot_n be_v ever_o mention_v but_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v attribute_v as_o a_o peculiar_a fight_n unto_o the_o eastern_a country_n as_o suitable_a to_o the_o plain_a and_o level_v situation_n of_o the_o place_n whereof_o we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o argument_n of_o geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n to_o prove_v the_o britan_n descent_n from_o troy_n in_o asia_n where_o we_o likewise_o find_v mention_n of_o such_o chariot_n the_o three_o observation_n three_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o discreet_a and_o moderate_a temper_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o the_o mean_n he_o use_v to_o make_v his_o soldier_n confident_a in_o his_o direction_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o britan_n have_v exceed_o urge_v he_o to_o make_v hazard_n of_o a_o present_a revenge_n yet_o find_v it_o a_o unfit_a time_n inasmuch_o as_o his_o man_n have_v be_v somewhat_o trouble_v with_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o britan_n he_o think_v it_o best_a to_o expect_v some_o other_o opportunity_n and_o again_o to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o fearful_a retreat_n he_o continue_v a_o while_n in_o the_o same_o place_n to_o embolden_v his_o man_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v wrought_v a_o full_a persuasion_n in_o his_o soldier_n that_o his_o action_n be_v direct_v with_o knowledge_n and_o with_o a_o careful_a respect_n of_o their_o safety_n which_o give_v his_o man_n resolution_n when_o they_o be_v carry_v upon_o service_n be_v assure_v that_o what_o service_n soever_o they_o be_v employ_v upon_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v perform_v as_o a_o matter_n much_o import_v the_o fortunate_a issue_n of_o that_o war_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v perceive_v that_o headstrong_a fury_n which_o carry_v man_n on_o with_o a_o desire_n of_o victory_n and_o never_o look_v into_o the_o mean_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v obtain_v have_v direct_v the_o course_n of_o their_o proceed_n they_o may_v with_o reason_n have_v draw_v back_o from_o such_o employment_n and_o value_v their_o safety_n above_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o a_o enterprise_n and_o hence_o arise_v that_o confident_a opinion_n which_o the_o soldier_n have_v of_o a_o good_a general_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o war_n chap._n xiii_o the_o britan_n make_v head_n with_o their_o force_n and_o be_v beat_v by_o caesar_n his_o return_n into_o gallia_n after_o this_o for_o many_o day_n together_o there_o follow_v such_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n caesar_n that_o both_o the_o roman_n be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v their_o camp_n and_o the_o britan_n be_v keep_v from_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o send_v messenger_n into_o all_o quarter_n publish_v the_o small_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n and_o amplify_a the_o greatness_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o the_o easy_a mean_n offer_v unto_o they_o of_o perpetual_a liberty_n if_o they_o can_v take_v the_o roman_a camp_n short_o upon_o this_o have_v gather_v a_o great_a company_n both_o of_o horse_n &_o foot_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v encamp_v caesar_n although_o he_o foresee_v the_o event_n by_o that_o which_o before_o have_v happen_v that_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v beat_v back_o he_o will_v avoid_v the_o danger_n by_o
great_a assurance_n than_o the_o harquebuse_n wherein_o there_o be_v many_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o action_n as_o the_o powder_n the_o stone_n the_o spring_n and_o such_o like_a whereof_o if_o the_o least_o fail_v of_o his_o part_n we_o likewise_o fail_v of_o our_o fortune_n but_o how_o probable_a soever_o this_o seem_v this_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n the_o horse_n be_v ever_o defeat_v by_o the_o foot_n as_o be_v manifest_o prove_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o book_n chap._n vii_o caesar_n give_v the_o britan_n two_o several_a overthrow_n the_o next_o day_n the_o enemy_n make_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o hill_n a_o far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n caesar_n and_o show_v themselves_o not_o so_o often_o neither_o be_v they_o so_o busy_a with_o our_o horseman_n as_o they_o be_v the_o day_n before_o but_o about_o noon_n when_o caesar_n have_v send_v out_o three_o legion_n and_o all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o get_v forage_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o caius_n trebonius_n a_o legate_n they_o make_v a_o sudden_a assault_n upon_o the_o forager_n and_o fall_v in_o close_a with_o the_o ensign_n &_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n charge_v very_o fierce_o upon_o they_o and_o beat_v they_o back_o neither_o do_v they_o make_v a_o end_n of_o follow_v they_o until_o the_o horseman_n trust_v to_o they_o put_v they_o all_o to_o flight_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o give_v they_o respite_n either_o to_o make_v head_n to_o make_v a_o stand_n or_o to_o forsake_v their_o chariot_n after_o this_o overthrow_n all_o their_o auxiliary_a force_n depart_v from_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o afterward_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n with_o any_o great_a power_n caesar_n understand_v their_o determination_n carry_v his_o army_n to_o the_o river_n thames_n and_o so_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o cassivellaunus_n which_o river_n be_v passable_a by_o foot_n but_o in_o one_o place_n only_o and_o that_o very_a hardly_o at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v imbattel_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o the_o bank_n fortify_v with_o many_o sharp_a stake_n and_o many_o other_o also_o be_v plant_v covert_o under_o the_o water_n these_o thing_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o captive_n and_o fugitive_n caesar_n put_v his_o horse_n before_o cause_v the_o legion_n to_o follow_v sudden_o after_o who_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v but_o their_o head_n clear_a above_o the_o water_n go_v with_o that_o violence_n that_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o charge_n but_o leave_v the_o bank_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n observation_n this_o attempt_n of_o caesar_n seem_v so_o strange_a to_o brancatio_n that_o he_o run_v into_o strange_a conclusion_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o first_o that_o he_o that_o imitate_v caesar_n may_v doubt_v of_o his_o good_a fortune_n for_o his_o proceed_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o direct_v by_o any_o order_n of_o war_n and_o that_o a_o great_a commander_n have_v nothing_o common_a with_o other_o leader_n but_o especial_o he_o cry_v out_o at_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o britan_n that_o will_v suffer_v themselves_o so_o cowardly_a to_o be_v beat_v but_o if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o art_n and_o good_a direction_n therein_o for_o be_v assure_v by_o the_o fugitive_n that_o the_o river_n be_v passable_a in_o that_o place_n and_o in_o that_o place_n only_o he_o know_v that_o he_o must_v either_o adventure_v over_o there_o or_o leave_n cassivellaunus_n for_o another_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a inducement_n to_o urge_v he_o to_o that_o enterprise_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o be_v much_o relieve_v by_o good_a direction_n which_o consist_v of_o two_o point_n first_o by_o send_v over_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o legion_n who_o may_v better_o endure_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o footman_n can_v that_o be_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n in_o water_n and_o withal_o to_o shelter_v the_o footman_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n second_o he_o send_v they_o over_o with_o such_o speed_n that_o they_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o enemy_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o attempt_v for_o if_o he_o have_v linger_v in_o the_o service_n and_o give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o find_v the_o advantage_n which_o he_o have_v by_o experience_n his_o man_n have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o have_v endure_v the_o hazard_n of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o service_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conjecture_v at_o the_o place_n where_o this_o service_n be_v perform_v for_o since_o the_o build_n of_o london_n bridge_n many_o ford_n have_v be_v scour_v with_o the_o current_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o that_o time_n carry_v not_o such_o a_o depth_n as_o now_o they_o do_v chap._n viii_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o british_a war_n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n cassivellaunus_n have_v no_o courage_n to_o contend_v any_o long_o caesar_n dismiss_v his_o great_a force_n and_o retain_v only_o four_o thousand_o chariot_n observe_v our_o journey_n keep_v the_o wood-country_n and_o drive_v man_n and_o cattle_n out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o the_o wood_n where_o he_o know_v the_o roman_n will_v come_v and_o as_o their_o horse_n stray_v out_o either_o for_o forage_v or_o booty_n he_o send_v his_o chariot_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n by_o unknown_a way_n and_o put_v their_o horseman_n to_o great_a peril_n in_o regard_n whereof_o the_o horseman_n dare_v never_o adventure_v further_o than_o the_o legion_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o more_o spoil_v do_v in_o the_o country_n then_o that_o which_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o trinobantes_n be_v almost_o the_o great_a state_n of_o all_o those_o country_n from_o who_o mandubratius_n have_v flee_v to_o caesar_n into_o gallia_n for_o that_o his_o father_n imanuentius_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v by_o cassivellaunus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o offer_v their_o submission_n and_o to_o entreat_v that_o mandubratius_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o oppression_n of_o cassivellaunus_n &_o send_v unto_o they_o to_o take_v the_o kingdom_n caesar_n have_v receive_v from_o they_o forty_o pledge_n &_o corn_n for_o his_o army_n send_v mandubratius_n unto_o they_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v thus_o keep_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o cenimagni_n seguntiaci_n ancalites_n bibroci_n and_o cassi_n yield_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n by_o these_o he_o understand_v that_o cassivellaunus_n his_o town_n be_v not_o far_o off_o fortify_v with_o wood_n &_o bog_n &_o well_o store_v with_o man_n &_o cattle_n the_o britan_n call_n a_o town_n a_o thick_a wood_n enclose_v about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n make_v for_o a_o place_n of_o retreat_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o incursion_n from_o the_o borderer_n thither_o march_v caesar_n with_o his_o army_n &_o find_v it_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n &_o as_o he_o assault_v it_o in_o two_o several_a place_n the_o enemy_n unable_a to_o keep_v it_o cast_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o town_n by_o a_o back_n way_n and_o so_o he_o take_v it_o where_o he_o find_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o britan_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v cassivellaunus_n send_v messenger_n into_o kent_n which_o as_o be_v say_v lie_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o wherein_o there_o be_v four_o several_a king_n cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n and_o segonax_n they_o he_o command_v with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v make_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o camp_n where_o the_o navy_n be_v keep_v the_o king_n come_v to_o the_o place_n be_v overthrow_v by_o a_o sally_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v out_o upon_o they_o many_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o lugotorix_n a_o great_a commander_n take_v prisoner_n this_o battle_n concur_v with_o the_o former_a loss_n and_o especial_o move_v thereunto_o with_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o forename_a city_n cassivellaunus_n entreat_v peace_n of_o caesar_n by_o comius_n of_o arras_n caesar_n be_v determine_v to_o winter_n in_o the_o continent_n for_o fear_v of_o sudden_a commotion_n in_o gallia_n and_o consider_v that_o the_o summer_n be_v now_o far_o spend_v and_o may_v easy_o be_v linger_v out_o he_o command_v pledge_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o and_o set_v down_o what_o yearly_a tribute_n the_o britan_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o roman_n give_v withal_o a_o strict_a charge_n to_o cassivellaunus_n to_o do_v no_o injury_n either_o to_o mandubratius_n or_o the_o tribonantes_fw-la the_o hostage_n be_v take_v he_o carry_v back_o his_o army_n to_o the_o sea_n where_o he_o find_v his_o ship_n repair_v which_o
and_o the_o other_o violent_a and_o rash_a and_o yet_o both_o attain_v the_o like_a good_a fortune_n by_o two_o contrary_a course_n or_o otherwise_o as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o the_o more_o heedless_a the_o more_o happy_a have_v be_v persuade_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o govern_v by_o fortune_n that_o the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n can_v neither_o alter_v nor_o amend_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o spend_v much_o time_n or_o tedious_a labour_n either_o in_o careful_a circumspection_n or_o heedful_a prevention_n of_o that_o which_o be_v unchangeable_a they_o hold_v as_o vain_a as_o the_o wash_n of_o a_o aethiopian_a to_o make_v he_o white_a of_o this_o opinion_n sylla_n seem_v to_o be_v sylla_n profess_v himself_o better_a bear_v to_o fortune_n then_o to_o the_o war_n and_o acknowledge_v his_o happy_a victory_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o his_o most_o heedless_a and_o unadvised_a resolution_n and_o the_o great_a alexander_n so_o carry_v himself_o as_o though_o he_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n of_o who_o curtius_n say_v quoties_fw-la illum_fw-la fortuna_fw-la à _fw-la morte_fw-la revocavit_fw-la quoties_fw-la temere_fw-la in_o pericula_fw-la vectum_fw-la perpetua_fw-la felicitate_a protexit_fw-la how_o many_o a_o time_n do_v fortune_n call_v he_o back_o from_o the_o brink_n of_o death_n how_o often_o do_v she_o happy_o defend_v and_o save_v he_o when_o he_o have_v by_o his_o rashness_n bring_v himself_o into_o danger_n alexander_n and_o plutarch_n say_v that_o he_o have_v power_n of_o time_n and_o place_n other_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o ascribe_v so_o much_o to_o fortune_n as_o to_o make_v themselves_o the_o tennis-ball_n to_o her_o racket_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v content_a to_o allow_v her_o half_a of_o every_o thing_n they_o go_v about_o reserve_v the_o other_o moiety_n to_o their_o own_o direction_n and_o so_o like_a partner_n in_o a_o adventure_n they_o labour_v to_o improve_v their_o share_n for_o their_o best_a advantage_n some_o other_o there_o be_v that_o will_v allow_v fortune_n no_o part_n at_o all_o in_o their_o action_n but_o do_v confront_v she_o with_o a_o goddess_n of_o great_a power_n and_o make_v industry_n the_o mean_n to_o annul_v her_o deity_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v timotheus_n the_o athenian_a sylla_n who_o have_v achieve_v many_o notable_a victory_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o conceit_n of_o the_o painter_n that_o have_v make_v a_o table_n wherein_o fortune_n be_v take_v in_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v win_v with_o a_o net_n whilst_o he_o himself_o sleep_v but_o protest_v against_o she_o in_o that_o behalf_n and_o will_v not_o give_v she_o any_o part_n in_o that_o business_n and_o thus_o the_o heathen_a world_n vary_v as_o much_o in_o their_o opinion_n touch_v fortune_n as_o fortune_n herself_o do_v in_o her_o event_n to_o themward_n which_o be_v so_o divers_a and_o changeable_a as_o be_v able_a to_o ensnare_v the_o deep_a wit_n and_o confound_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o great_a judgement_n whereby_o the_o word_n fortune_n usurp_v a_o deity_n and_o get_v a_o opinion_n of_o extraordinary_a power_n in_o the_o regiment_n of_o humane_a action_n but_o our_o christian_a time_n have_v a_o ready_a lesson_n wherein_o be_v teach_v a_o sovereign_a providence_n guide_v and_o direct_v the_o thought_n of_o man_n heart_n with_o the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n together_o with_o their_o external_a action_n to_o such_o end_n as_o shall_v seem_v best_a to_o that_o omnipotent_a wisdom_n to_o who_o all_o our_o ability_n serve_v as_o instrument_n and_o mean_n to_o effect_v his_o purpose_n notwithstanding_o our_o particular_a intendment_n or_o what_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n may_v otherwise_o determine_v and_o therefore_o such_o as_o will_v make_v their_o way_n prosperous_a unto_o themselves_o and_o receive_v that_o contentment_n which_o their_o hope_n expect_v or_o their_o labour_n will_v deserve_v must_v use_v those_o help_n which_o the_o rule_n of_o christianity_n do_v teach_v in_o that_o behalf_n and_o may_v better_o be_v learn_v from_o a_o divine_a then_o from_o he_o that_o write_v treatise_n of_o war._n the_o second_o observation_n quintus_fw-la curtius_n speak_v of_o alexander_n sai_z expedition_n nullam_fw-la virtutem_fw-la regis_fw-la istius_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la celeritatem_fw-la laudaverim_fw-la i_o can_v commend_v no_o virtue_n in_o this_o king_n before_o his_o speed_n &_o celerity_n whereof_o this_o may_v be_v a_o ground_n that_o he_o follow_v darius_n with_o such_o speed_n after_o the_o second_o battle_n he_o give_v he_o that_o in_o eleven_o day_n he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n six_o hundred_o mile_n which_o be_v a_o chase_n well_o fit_v alexander_n the_o great_a and_o may_v rest_v unexampled_a notwithstanding_o suetonius_n give_v this_o general_a report_n of_o caesar_n that_o in_o matter_n military_a aut_fw-la aequavit_fw-la praestantissimorum_fw-la gloriam_fw-la aut_fw-la excessit_fw-la he_o either_o equal_v or_o exceed_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o best_a and_o for_o this_o particular_a he_o say_v quod_fw-la persaepe_fw-la nuntius_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la praevenit_fw-la that_o he_o be_v very_o often_o the_o messenger_n of_o his_o own_o success_n and_o to_o speak_v true_o he_o seem_v to_o challenge_v to_o himself_o expedition_n and_o speed_n as_o his_o peculiar_a commendation_n ground_v himself_o upon_o the_o danger_n which_o linger_v and_o foreslow_v of_o time_n do_v usual_o bring_v to_o well_o advise_v resolution_n according_a to_o that_o of_o lucan_n the_o poet_n nocuit_fw-la semper_fw-la differre_fw-la paratis_fw-la delay_z do_v always_o hurt_v those_o that_o be_v ready_a for_o by_o this_o speedy_a execution_n of_o well-digested_a direction_n he_o gain_v two_o main_a advantage_n first_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o help_n and_o mean_n as_o the_o enemy_n will_v otherwise_o have_v have_v to_o make_v the_o war_n dangerous_a and_o the_o event_n doubtful_a and_o second_o the_o confusion_n and_o fear_n which_o do_v consequent_o follow_v such_o main_a disappointment_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a accident_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o any_o party_n and_o the_o chief_a point_n to_o be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v cast_v upon_o a_o enemy_n by_o he_o that_o will_v make_v a_o easy_a conquest_n for_o proof_n whereof_o among_o many_o other_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v his_o expedition_n to_o rome_n when_o he_o first_o come_v against_o pompey_n according_a to_o plutarch_n relation_n pompey_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n say_v he_o news_n come_v to_o rome_n that_o caesar_n have_v win_v ariminum_n a_o great_a city_n in_o italy_n and_o that_o he_o come_v direct_o to_o rome_n with_o a_o great_a power_n which_o be_v not_o true_a for_o he_o come_v but_o with_o 3000._o horse_n and_o 5000._o foot_n and_o will_v not_o tarry_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o alps_n in_o gallia_n but_o make_v haste_n rather_o to_o surprise_v his_o enemy_n upon_o the_o sudden_a be_v afraid_a and_o in_o garboil_n not_o look_v for_o he_o so_o soon_o then_o to_o give_v they_o time_n to_o be_v provide_v and_o so_o to_o fight_v with_o they_o in_o the_o best_a of_o their_o strength_n which_o fall_v out_o according_o for_o this_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a approach_n of_o he_o put_v all_o italy_n and_o rome_n itself_o into_o such_o a_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n that_o no_o man_n know_v what_o way_n to_o take_v for_o his_o safety_n for_o such_o as_o be_v out_o of_o rome_n come_v fly_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n and_o those_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o be_v in_o rome_n go_v out_o as_o fast_o and_o forsake_v the_o city_n and_o the_o amazement_n be_v such_o that_o pompey_n and_o the_o senate_n flee_v into_o greece_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o caesar_n in_o threescore_o day_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o italy_n without_o any_o bloodshed_n beside_o this_o manner_n of_o prevention_n by_o sudden_a surprise_n we_o may_v see_v the_o like_a expedition_n in_o the_o very_a carriage_n and_o form_n of_o his_o war_n vici_fw-la for_o if_o the_o enemy_n have_v take_v the_o field_n he_o labour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o sight_n or_o otherwise_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o field_n he_o then_o endeavour_v with_o the_o like_a speed_n to_o besiege_v he_o or_o block_n he_o up_o in_o some_o hold_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o speedy_a upshot_n as_o he_o do_v with_o vercingetorix_n at_o alesia_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o memorable_a touch_v this_o point_n at_o the_o first_o take_v in_o of_o spain_n in_o the_o garboil_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n civil_a he_o defeat_v two_o army_n overthrow_v two_o general_n and_o take_v in_o two_o province_n in_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n neither_o do_v he_o make_v use_n of_o expedition_n only_o in_o his_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n but_o also_o in_o the_o action_n and_o execution_n of_o battle_n for_o he_o never_o forsake_v a_o enemy_n overthrow_v and_o
to_o sight_n among_o the_o horse_n at_o their_o arrival_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v not_o well_o fit_v with_o horse_n he_o take_v the_o horse_n from_o the_o tribune_n the_o roman_a knight_n and_o the_o evocati_fw-la and_o distribute_v they_o among_o the_o german_n observation_n there_o be_v three_o principal_a mean_n to_o draw_v a_o state_n into_o a_o party_n which_o of_o itself_o stand_v neutral_a matter_n or_o to_o win_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n when_o they_o carry_v equal_a or_o indifferent_a affection_n the_o first_o be_v friendship_n by_o favour_n or_o friendship_n the_o second_o by_o authority_n authority_n and_o the_o three_o by_o money_n friendship_n rely_v upon_o former_a respect_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o precedent_a courtesy_n money_n authority_n conclude_v from_o future_a danger_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v the_o refusal_n money_n do_v govern_v the_o present_a occasion_n and_o be_v more_o general_a than_o either_o favour_n or_o authority_n the_o gall_n be_v not_o want_v to_o make_v their_o party_n good_a in_o any_o of_o these_o three_o persuade_a motive_n but_o as_o caesar_n say_v quantum_fw-la gratia_fw-la authoritate_fw-la pecunia_fw-la valent_fw-la ad_fw-la sollicitandas_fw-la civitates_fw-la nâ—tuntur_fw-la they_o solicit_v the_o neighbour_n state_n as_o far_o as_o friendship_n authority_n and_o money_n will_v go_v wherein_o as_o they_o go_v about_o to_o lay_v the_o stock_n upon_o it_o so_o they_o leave_v themselves_o but_o one_o trial_n for_o the_o right_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o join_v issue_n for_o all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o that_o action_n for_o when_o they_o shall_v see_v their_o best_a possibility_n too_o weak_a and_o their_o uttermost_a endeavour_n profit_v nothing_o against_o a_o mighty_a prevail_a enemy_n the_o great_a their_o hope_n be_v which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o mean_n the_o great_a will_v be_v their_o despair_n when_o such_o mean_n be_v spend_v for_o it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a thing_n for_o man_n to_o be_v out_o of_o mean_n and_o not_o to_o drive_v a_o hope_n before_o they_o it_o be_v usual_a upon_o such_o main_a occasion_n to_o employ_v the_o chief_a man_n in_o a_o state_n in_o who_o the_o soldier_n may_v have_v most_o assurance_n and_o to_o accompany_v he_o with_o such_o mean_n as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commonweal_n may_v afford_v he_o but_o if_o their_o great_a hope_n die_v in_o his_o ill_a success_n or_o wax_v faint_a through_o cold_a fortune_n the_o kingdom_n receive_v loss_n and_o the_o enemy_n get_v advantage_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o great_a preparation_n chap._n xxix_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o gall_n do_v set_v upon_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o be_v beat_v while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v caesar_n the_o enemy_n force_n and_o the_o horseman_n that_o be_v command_v to_o be_v levy_v in_o all_o gallia_n meet_v together_o and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o arverni_n a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o be_v gather_v together_o as_o caesar_n march_v against_o the_o sequani_n by_o the_o border_n of_o the_o lingones_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v the_o easy_o relieve_v the_o province_n vercingetorix_n sit_v down_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o roman_n in_o three_o several_a camp_n and_o call_v the_o captain_n and_o colonel_n of_o horse_n to_o counsel_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o time_n of_o victory_n be_v now_o come_v for_o the_o roman_n leave_v gallia_n and_o flee_v into_o the_o province_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o their_o present_a liberty_n but_o avail_v little_a for_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o future_a time_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o purpose_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o return_v again_o with_o great_a force_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o march_n ladâ—â—_n with_o carriage_n if_o the_o foot_n do_v assist_v their_o horse_n than_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o way_n or_o proceed_v in_o their_o journey_n but_o if_o which_o he_o hope_v will_v rather_o happen_v forsake_v their_o carriage_n every_o man_n shift_v for_o himself_o they_o will_v depart_v both_o rob_v of_o their_o necessary_n and_o of_o their_o honour_n for_o they_o need_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o enemy_n horse_n of_o who_o he_o be_v most_o assure_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o go_v out_o from_o among_o the_o foot_n force_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o encourage_v he_o will_v draw_v all_o the_o force_n in_o a_o readiness_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o place_v they_o so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v a_o terror_n to_o the_o enemy_n the_o horseman_n cry_v out_o all_o together_o that_o this_o resolution_n may_v be_v strengthen_v with_o a_o holy_a oath_n let_v he_o never_o be_v receive_v under_o any_o roof_n or_o have_v access_n to_o his_o wife_n child_n or_o parent_n that_o do_v not_o twice_o run_v through_o the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o thing_n be_v well_o like_v of_o and_o every_o man_n force_v to_o take_v that_o oath_n the_o next_o day_n he_o divide_v his_o cavalry_n into_o three_o part_n two_o army_n show_v themselves_o on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o three_o begin_v to_o make_v stay_n of_o the_o vauward_n which_o be_v know_v caesar_n divide_v his_o horse_n likewise_o into_o three_o part_n and_o send_v they_o to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o fight_v in_o all_o part_n the_o army_n stand_v still_o the_o carriage_n be_v receive_v within_o the_o legion_n if_o our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v any_o where_o caesar_n bend_v the_o legion_n that_o way_n which_o do_v both_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o follow_v they_o and_o assure_v our_o man_n of_o hope_n of_o rescue_n at_o length_n the_o german_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n do_v put_v the_o enemy_n from_o their_o place_n and_o follow_v they_o as_o they_o flee_v even_o to_o the_o river_n where_o vercingetorix_n stay_v with_o the_o foot_n company_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o they_o whereupon_o the_o rest_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v encompass_v about_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n execution_n be_v do_v in_o all_o place_n three_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o hedui_n be_v take_v and_o bring_v to_o caesar_n cotus_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o at_o the_o last_o election_n of_o magistrate_n stand_v in_o controversy_n with_o convictolitanis_n and_o cavarillus_n who_o after_o the_o revolt_n of_o litavicus_n command_v the_o foot_n troop_n and_o eporedorix_n under_o who_o command_n before_o caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n the_o hedui_n make_v war_n with_o the_o sequani_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n vercingetorix_n draw_v in_o his_o force_n which_o he_o have_v imbattel_v before_o his_o camp_n and_o immediate_o after_o begin_v to_o march_v towards_o alesia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o mandubii_fw-la command_v the_o baggage_n to_o be_v speedy_o bring_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o follow_v he_o caesar_n have_v convey_v his_o carriage_n to_o the_o next_o hill_n under_o the_o custody_n of_o two_o legion_n he_o follow_v the_o enemy_n as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v and_o have_v slay_v some_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o rearward_n the_o next_o day_n follow_v he_o encamp_v at_o alesia_n observation_n the_o gall_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o the_o roman_n in_o cavalry_n war_n both_o according_a to_o quantity_n and_o quality_n but_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v great_a in_o virtue_n and_o worth_n than_o any_o foot_n force_n of_o the_o gall_n notwithstanding_o their_o inequality_n in_o number_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v more_o rely_v upon_o their_o legionary_a soldier_n then_o upon_o their_o equites_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o argument_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o much_o debate_v among_o man_n of_o war_n whether_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o foot_n company_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o question_n à _fw-fr male_a dâ—visis_fw-la be_v both_o so_o necessary_a for_o the_o perfect_a execution_n of_o martial_a purpose_n as_o they_o can_v well_o be_v disjoin_v and_o if_o we_o look_v particular_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o several_a service_n we_o shall_v easy_o discern_v the_o difference_n and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o validity_n of_o their_o part_n wherein_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v horseman_n but_o that_o foot_n company_n be_v serviceable_a to_o more_o purpose_n than_o troop_n of_o horse_n for_o the_o horseman_n be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n place_n whereas_o footman_n be_v not_o only_o of_o importance_n in_o fielden_a couâ—treys_n but_o be_v necessary_a also_o in_o mountainous_a or_o woodie_a place_n in_o valley_n in_o ditch_n
in_o siege_n and_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o what_o site_n or_o nature_n soever_o where_o the_o horseman_n can_v show_v themselves_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o infantry_n extend_v its_o service_n to_o more_o purpose_n then_o the_o cavalry_n and_o make_v the_o war_n complete_a which_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v lame_a and_o uneffectual_a touch_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o business_n when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n footman_n it_o rest_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o foot_n troop_n for_o the_o horseman_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o army_n wherein_o they_o serve_v by_o make_v discovery_n by_o harry_v the_o enemy_n country_n horseman_n by_o give_v succour_n or_o rescue_v upon_o a_o sudden_a by_o do_v execution_n upon_o a_o overthrow_n and_o by_o confront_v the_o enemy_n horse_n but_o these_o be_v but_o as_o second_v service_n and_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o main_a stroke_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v give_v by_o the_o footman_n neither_o do_v a_o rout_n give_v to_o the_o cavalry_n serve_v a_o army_n royal_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o that_o army_n further_o than_o the_o service_n before_o mention_v but_o the_o army_n do_v oftentimes_o go_v on_o notwithstanding_o and_o may_v well_o achieve_v a_o happy_a victory_n whereas_o upon_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o infantry_n the_o horseman_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o get_v away_o to_o their_o own_o home_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o foot_n company_n be_v the_o bulk_n and_o body_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o horse_n as_o the_o arm_n and_o outward_a part_n have_v expedient_a and_o necessary_a office_n but_o always_o subordinate_a to_o the_o main_a stroke_n give_v by_o the_o foot_n if_o any_o man_n look_v for_o proof_n hereof_o by_o example_n he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v further_o than_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o the_o art_n military_a who_o by_o a_o ancient_a law_n interdict_v the_o dictator_n to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o a_o horse_n in_o the_o war_n for_o his_o private_a case_n why_o intimate_v as_o plutarch_n say_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n to_o consist_v in_o their_o footman_n which_o the_o general_n in_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n shall_v assist_v with_o his_o presence_n and_o in_o no_o wise_n forsake_v they_o if_o he_o will_v but_o touch_v the_o use_n of_o war_n among_o they_o their_o equites_fw-la be_v so_o far_o short_a of_o the_o service_n perform_v by_o their_o foot_n troop_n that_o when_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o it_o indeed_o they_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n as_o in_o the_o battle_n with_o the_o latin_n at_o the_o lake_n regillus_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n neither_o be_v the_o roman_n tood_v horseman_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o caesar_n for_o he_o take_v the_o horse_n from_o the_o tribune_n and_o the_o roman_a equites_fw-la and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o german_n as_o better_a rutter_n than_o any_o roman_n but_o howsoever_o a_o state_n that_o abound_v in_o horse_n and_o trust_v more_o in_o they_o then_o in_o foot_n company_n may_v harry_v a_o champain_n country_n but_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o follow_v a_o war_n with_o that_o strength_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o fortunate_a chap._n xxx_o caesar_n besiege_v alesia_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n cavalry_n caesar_n have_v view_v the_o site_n of_o the_o town_n caesar_n and_o know_v the_o enemy_n to_o be_v much_o trouble_v for_o the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o horse_n in_o who_o they_o put_v all_o their_o hope_n exhort_v the_o soldier_n to_o take_v a_o little_a pain_n he_o determine_v to_o enclose_v the_o town_n round_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n alesia_n be_v site_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n in_o a_o very_a eminent_a place_n and_o not_o to_o be_v take_v but_o by_o a_o continue_a siege_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n run_v two_o river_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o town_n before_o the_o town_n there_o lie_v a_o plain_a of_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o other_o side_n be_v enclose_v round_o about_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n with_o hill_n of_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o town_n under_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o east_n side_n lie_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o gall_n have_v draw_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o dry_a wall_n on_o that_o part_n of_o eight_o foot_n in_o height_n the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o work_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v to_o enclose_v the_o town_n about_o contain_v eleven_o mile_n their_o camp_n be_v site_v in_o a_o convenient_a place_n where_o there_o be_v make_v three_o and_o twenty_o castle_n which_o in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v keep_v by_o garrison_n to_o prevent_v any_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o strong_a watch_n the_o work_n be_v begin_v there_o happen_v a_o skirmish_n between_o the_o cavalry_n of_o both_o side_n in_o that_o plain_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n of_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n they_o fight_v eager_o on_o both_o side_n our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v caesar_n send_v the_o german_n to_o second_v they_o and_o set_v the_o legion_n before_o the_o camp_n lest_o there_o may_v happen_v any_o sudden_a sally_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o enemy_n upon_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o legion_n our_o man_n take_v courage_n the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o be_v many_o in_o number_n one_o hinder_v another_o and_o stick_v in_o heap_n in_o the_o straight_a passage_n of_o their_o gate_n the_o german_n follow_v they_o close_o to_o their_o fortification_n and_o make_v a_o great_a execution_n among_o they_o many_o of_o they_o forsake_v their_o horse_n attempt_v to_o leap_v the_o ditch_n and_o to_o climb_v over_o the_o dry_a wall_n caesar_n command_v the_o legion_n imbattel_v before_o the_o camp_n to_o advance_v a_o little_a forward_o the_o gall_n that_o be_v within_o the_o fortification_n be_v no_o little_a trouble_v for_o think_v the_o enemy_n will_v present_o have_v come_v unto_o they_o they_o make_v a_o alarm_n some_o be_v so_o fright_v that_o they_o break_v into_o the_o town_n vercingetorix_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v lest_o the_o camp_n shall_v be_v leave_v naked_a of_o defendant_n many_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v and_o very_o many_o horse_n take_v the_o german_n fall_v off_o and_o return_v to_o caesar_n observation_n forasmuch_o as_o casualty_n and_o chance_n have_v oftentimes_o the_o prerogative_n of_o a_o service_n condition_n and_o in_o misdeem_v opinion_n do_v carry_v away_o the_o honour_n from_o virtue_n and_o valour_n the_o first_o trial_n of_o a_o fortune_n be_v not_o of_o that_o assurance_n nor_o so_o much_o to_o be_v trust_v as_o when_o it_o be_v second_v again_o with_o the_o like_a effect_n for_o when_o a_o matter_n by_o often_o trial_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quality_n it_o show_v a_o certainty_n of_o a_o cause_n produce_v end_n of_o like_a condition_n the_o gall_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v much_o discourage_v upon_o the_o first_o overthrow_n of_o their_o horse_n in_o who_o they_o so_o much_o believe_v and_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o their_o high_a resolution_n so_o far_o as_o where_o before_o they_o swear_v the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o be_v now_o content_a to_o take_v the_o protection_n of_o a_o strong_a town_n but_o this_o second_o foil_n which_o they_o receive_v do_v so_o assure_v they_o of_o a_o hard_a confrontment_n and_o strong_a opposition_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v that_o they_o never_o think_v of_o any_o further_a trial_n but_o be_v content_a to_o go_v away_o loser_n rather_o than_o to_o hazard_v their_o life_n in_o a_o three_o combat_n and_o thus_o when_o a_o second_o event_n back_v a_o former_a fortune_n it_o take_v away_o the_o suspicion_n of_o casualty_n and_o make_v the_o winner_n bold_a and_o the_o loser_n desperate_a pompey_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o joy_n for_o the_o blow_n which_o he_o give_v caesar_n at_o dyrrachium_fw-la that_o he_o send_v letter_n of_o that_o day_n victory_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o make_v his_o soldier_n so_o secure_a touch_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o war_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la belli_fw-la cogitarent_fw-la sed_fw-la vicisse_fw-la jam_fw-la sibi_fw-la viderentur_fw-la that_o they_o never_o think_v how_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v on_o esteem_v themselves_o already_o absolute_a victor_n not_o remember_v as_o caesar_n say_v the_o ordinary_a change_n of_o war_n wherein_o oftentimes_o a_o small_a matter_n either_o of_o a_o false_a suspicion_n or_o of_o a_o sudden_a fright_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n do_v endanger_v a_o army_n which_o the_o enemy_n take_v to_o himself_o perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la virtute_fw-la vicissent_fw-la as_o if_o
afranius_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o few_o day_n triumph_v of_o caesar_n overthrow_n and_o flee_v away_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n whence_o we_o may_v note_v the_o advantage_n come_v to_o a_o party_n when_o they_o shake_v off_o any_o eminent_a distress_n for_o as_o the_o extremity_n thereof_o threaten_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o the_o alteration_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o opinion_n of_o victory_n and_o sure_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o misery_n that_o when_o the_o storm_n be_v over_o and_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o affliction_n alaid_z good_a time_n come_v redouble_v upon_o the_o patient_n as_o though_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o thing_n do_v enforce_v contrary_a effect_n and_o therefore_o a_o commander_n know_v the_o advantage_n of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n must_v endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o as_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o a_o speedy_a end_n chap._n xxi_o the_o enemy_n set_v forward_o and_o be_v stay_v by_o caesar_n the_o enemy_n thereupon_o think_v it_o expedient_a for_o he_o to_o make_v the_o more_o haste_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o leave_v two_o auxiliary_a cohort_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o ilerda_n he_o transport_v all_o his_o force_n over_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o encamp_v himself_o with_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o former_o he_o have_v carry_v over_o there_o remain_v nothing_o for_o caesar_n to_o do_v but_o with_o his_o cavalry_n to_o impeach_v and_o trouble_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o march_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a compass_n about_o to_o go_v by_o the_o bridge_n whereby_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o enemy_n will_v get_v to_o iberus_n a_o far_o near_a way_n he_o pass_v over_o his_o horseman_n by_o the_o ford_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n as_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n have_v raise_v their_o camp_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o cavalry_n show_v themselves_o in_o the_o rear_n &_o swarm_v about_o they_o in_o great_a multitude_n begin_v to_o stay_v and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v daylight_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n where_o caesar_n lie_v encamp_v it_o be_v perceive_v how_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v hard_o lay_v to_o by_o our_o cavalry_n and_o how_o sometime_o they_o turn_v head_n again_o and_o be_v nevertheless_o break_v and_o rout_v sometime_o their_o ensign_n stand_v sudden_o still_o and_o all_o their_o foot_n troop_n charge_v our_o horse_n and_o force_v they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o then_o turn_v back_o go_v on_o their_o way_n again_o the_o soldier_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o camp_n be_v grieve_v that_o the_o enemy_n shall_v so_o escape_v their_o hand_n whereby_o the_o matter_n will_v consequent_o be_v spin_v out_o into_o a_o long_a war_n and_o go_v unto_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n pray_v they_o to_o beseech_v caesar_n not_o to_o spare_v they_o for_o any_o danger_n or_o labour_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o willing_a to_o pass_v the_o river_n where_o the_o horse_n go_v over_o caesar_n move_v through_o their_o desire_n and_o importunity_n albeit_o he_o fear_v to_o expose_v his_o army_n to_o a_o river_n of_o that_o greatness_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o put_v it_o to_o trial_n and_o therefore_o command_v that_o the_o weak_a soldier_n of_o all_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o who_o courage_n or_o strength_n show_v a_o disabilitie_n to_o undertake_v that_o service_n and_o these_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o camp_n with_o one_o legion_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o bring_v out_o the_o other_o legion_n without_o carriage_n or_o burden_n and_o have_v set_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o cattle_n both_o above_o and_o below_o in_o the_o river_n he_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o some_o few_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o stream_n be_v succour_v and_o take_v up_o by_o the_o horseman_n insomuch_o as_o not_o one_o man_n perish_v the_o army_n carry_v thus_o over_o in_o safety_n he_o range_v they_o in_o order_n and_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o threefold_a battle_n such_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o albeit_o they_o have_v set_v a_o circuit_n of_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o ford_n afternoon_n and_o have_v spend_v much_o time_n in_o pass_v the_o river_n yet_o by_o the_o nine_o hour_n they_o do_v overtake_v the_o enemy_n that_o rise_v about_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n assoon_o as_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n have_v discover_v the_o legion_n afar_o off_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o novelty_n of_o that_o pursuit_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o upper_a ground_n and_o there_o imbattel_v their_o troop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n refresh_v his_o army_n in_o the_o field_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o be_v weary_a to_o give_v battle_n and_o as_o the_o enemy_n try_v again_o to_o go_v on_o in_o their_o march_n he_o follow_v after_o and_o stay_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o incamp_v soon_o then_o be_v purpose_v for_o there_o be_v hill_n a_o little_a before_o they_o and_o for_o five_o mile_n together_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o narrow_a by_o which_o mean_n be_v advance_v between_o the_o hill_n they_o hope_v to_o be_v free_a from_o caesar_n cavalry_n and_o by_o keep_v the_o passage_n to_o hinder_v the_o army_n from_o follow_v after_o to_o the_o end_n they_o themselves_o may_v without_o peril_n or_o fear_n put_v their_o force_n over_o the_o river_n iberus_n which_o by_o all_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v effect_v nevertheless_o be_v weary_v with_o travail_v and_o fight_v all_o day_n they_o put_v off_o the_o business_n to_o the_o next_o morning_n caesar_n also_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o about_o midnight_n some_o of_o their_o party_n be_v go_v out_o from_o the_o camp_n somewhat_o far_o off_o to_o fetch_v water_n be_v take_v by_o the_o horseman_n by_o they_o caesar_n be_v advertise_v that_o the_o enemy_n with_o silence_n begin_v to_o remove_v and_o to_o lead_v their_o troop_n out_o of_o their_o camp_n whereupon_o he_o command_v the_o sign_n of_o rise_v to_o be_v give_v conclamari_fw-la and_o the_o cry_n dislodging_n and_o truss_v up_o their_o baggage_n to_o be_v take_v up_o according_a to_o the_o discipline_n and_o use_n of_o soldier_n the_o enemy_n hear_v the_o cry_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v impeach_v in_o the_o night_n and_o force_v to_o fight_v with_o their_o burden_n on_o their_o back_n or_o to_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o those_o straight_a passage_n by_o caesar_n horseman_n stay_v their_o journey_n and_o keep_v their_o force_n within_o their_o camp_n observation_n this_o passage_n over_o sicoris_n fustinendun_v be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n vado_fw-la per_fw-la equites_fw-la invento_fw-la pro_fw-la rei_fw-la necessitate_v opportuno_fw-it ut_fw-la brachia_n modo_fw-la atque_fw-la humeri_fw-la ad_fw-la sustinenda_fw-la arma_fw-la liberi_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la esse_fw-la possent_fw-la disposito_fw-la equitatu_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o fluminis_fw-la frangerent_fw-la incolumem_fw-la exercitum_fw-la transduxit_fw-la the_o horseman_n have_v find_v a_o ford_n indifferent_a convenient_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o necessity_n they_o be_v put_v to_o livy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o soldiery_n may_v have_v their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n at_o liberty_n aquae_fw-la and_o not_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o water_n from_o carry_v their_o weapon_n he_o so_o dispose_v his_o horse_n that_o he_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n with_o they_o and_o so_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o in_o safety_n the_o horse_n that_o stand_v above_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o those_o that_o be_v below_o take_v up_o such_o as_o be_v overcome_v with_o the_o stream_n 4._o and_o withal_o give_v courage_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o venture_v with_o better_a assurance_n see_v the_o passage_n empale_v in_o on_o each_o side_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o miscarry_v alexander_n his_o attempt_n upon_o sicoris_n to_o abate_v the_o swell_a pride_n of_o that_o river_n by_o divide_v it_o into_o many_o stream_n be_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d cyrus_n who_o take_v displeasure_n at_o the_o river_n cyndes_n next_o unto_o euphrates_n the_o great_a river_n of_o assâ—ria_n draw_v it_o into_o three_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o channel_n croesus_n not_o find_v the_o river_n halis_n passable_a by_o a_o ford_n just_a and_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o bridge_n sink_v a_o great_a trench_n behind_o the_o camp_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o draw_v all_o the_o water_n behind_o his_o army_n vegetius_n have_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o pass_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n 7_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o bridge_n or_o boat_n or_o by_o wade_v or_o swim_v
down_o the_o hill_n they_o dâ—d_v the_o more_o urge_v and_o press_v upon_o they_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o fall_v back_o for_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o forsake_v the_o place_n for_o fear_n it_o be_v report_v that_o pompey_n shall_v then_o in_o a_o vainglory_n say_v to_o those_o that_o be_v about_o he_o that_o he_o will_v be_v content_a to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o general_n of_o no_o worthâ—_n if_o caesar_n man_n can_v make_v any_o retreat_n from_o thence_o where_o they_o be_v so_o rash_o engage_v without_o great_a loss_n caesar_n fear_v the_o retreat_n of_o his_o soldier_n cause_v hurdle_n to_o be_v bring_v and_o sâ—t_v against_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o behind_o they_o sink_v a_o trench_n of_o a_o indifferent_a latitude_n and_o encumber_a the_o place_n as_o much_o as_o possible_o he_o can_v he_o lodge_v also_o slinger_n in_o convenient_a place_n to_o defend_v his_o man_n in_o their_o retreat_n these_o thing_n be_v perfect_v he_o cause_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v draw_v back_o but_o pompey_n party_n begin_v with_o great_a boldness_n and_o insolency_n to_o press_v our_o people_n and_o put_v by_o the_o hurdle_n which_o be_v set_v there_o as_o a_o barricado_n they_o pass_v over_o the_o ditch_n which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v beat_v off_o then_o be_v bring_v back_o whereby_o a_o great_a scandal_n may_v consequent_o ensue_v have_v almost_o from_o the_o midway_n encourage_v his_o man_n by_o antonius_n who_o command_v that_o legion_n he_o will_v that_o the_o sign_n of_o charge_v the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o a_o trumpet_n and_o give_v order_n to_o assault_v they_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o legion_n put_v themselves_o sudden_o into_o order_n throw_v their_o pâ—les_n and_o run_v furious_o from_o the_o low_a ground_n up_o the_o steep_a of_o the_o hill_n drive_v the_o enemy_n headlong_o from_o they_o who_o find_v the_o hurdle_n the_o long_a pole_n and_o the_o ditch_n to_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n unto_o they_o in_o their_o retreat_n it_o content_v our_o man_n to_o leave_v the_o place_n without_o loss_n so_o that_o have_v slay_v many_o of_o they_o they_o come_v away_o very_o quiet_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o sieve_n of_o their_o fellow_n and_o have_v stay_v about_o that_o place_n a_o while_n they_o take_v other_o hill_n and_o perfect_v the_o fortification_n upon_o they_o observation_n this_o chapter_n show_v that_o advantage_n of_o place_n and_o some_o such_o industrious_a course_n as_o may_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o occasion_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n in_o extremity_n of_o war_n but_o above_o all_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o available_a to_o clear_v a_o danger_n than_o valour_n valour_n be_v the_o hercules_n that_o overcome_v so_o many_o monster_n and_o verifi_v that_o say_n which_o can_v be_v too_o often_o repeat_v virtute_fw-la faciendum_fw-la est_fw-la quâ—cquid_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la bellicis_fw-la est_fw-la gerendum_fw-la what_o a_o man_n do_v in_o matter_n of_o war_n must_v be_v do_v with_o valour_n but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v chap._n xviii_o the_o scarcity_n which_o either_o partiâ—_n endure_v in_o this_o siege_n the_o carriage_n of_o that_o war_n be_v in_o a_o strange_a and_o unusual_a manner_n caesar_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o fort_n and_o castle_n contain_v such_o a_o circuit_n of_o ground_n within_o one_o continue_a fortification_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a siege_n and_o of_o other_o consequent_n depend_v thereupon_o for_o whosoever_o go_v about_o to_o besiege_v another_o do_v either_o take_v occasion_n from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o enemy_n daunt_v or_o strike_v with_o fear_n or_o overcome_v in_o battle_n or_o otherwise_o be_v move_v thereunto_o by_o some_o injury_n offer_v whereas_o now_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v far_o the_o strong_a both_o in_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o general_o the_o cause_n of_o almost_o all_o siege_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n from_o provision_n of_o corn_n but_o caesar_n be_v then_o far_o inferior_a in_o number_n of_o soldier_n do_v nevertheless_o besiege_v a_o army_n of_o entire_a and_o untouched_a force_n especial_o at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o abound_v with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n for_o every_o day_n come_v great_a store_n of_o ship_v from_o all_o part_n bring_v plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n needful_a neither_o can_v there_o any_o wind_n blow_n which_o be_v not_o good_a from_o some_o part_n or_o other_o on_o the_o other_o side_n caesar_n have_v spend_v all_o the_o corn_n he_o can_v get_v far_o or_o near_o be_v in_o great_a want_n and_o scarcity_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o soldier_n do_v bear_v it_o with_o singular_a patience_n for_o they_o remember_v how_o they_o have_v suffer_v the_o like_a the_o year_n before_o in_o spain_n and_o yet_o with_o patience_n and_o labour_n have_v end_v a_o great_a and_o dangerous_a war_n they_o remember_v likewise_o the_o exceed_a great_a want_n they_o endure_v at_o alesia_n and_o much_o great_a at_o avaricum_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o go_v away_o conqueror_n of_o many_o great_a nation_n they_o refuse_v neither_o barley_n nor_o pease_n when_o it_o be_v give_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o wheat_n and_o of_o cattle_n whereof_o they_o be_v furnish_v with_o great_a store_n out_o of_o epirus_n they_o make_v great_a account_n there_o be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o root_n find_v out_o by_o they_o that_o be_v with_o valerius_n call_v chara_n which_o eat_v with_o milk_n do_v much_o relieve_v their_o want_n and_o make_v withal_o a_o kind_n of_o bread_n whereof_o they_o have_v plenty_n and_o when_o pompey_n party_n happen_v in_o their_o colloquy_n to_o cast_v in_o their_o tooth_n their_o scarcity_n and_o misery_n they_o will_v common_o throw_v this_o kind_n of_o bread_n at_o they_o and_o scatter_v it_o in_o divers_a place_n to_o discourage_v they_o in_o their_o hope_n and_o now_o corn_n begin_v to_o be_v ripe_a and_o hope_v itself_o do_v relieve_v their_o want_n for_o that_o they_o trust_v to_o have_v plenty_n within_o a_o short_a time_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o soldier_n in_o their_o watch_n and_o conference_n be_v hear_v to_o let_v fall_v speech_n that_o they_o will_v rather_o eat_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n then_o suffer_v pompey_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n beside_o they_o understand_v by_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o the_o enemy_n that_o their_o horse_n of_o service_n can_v scarce_o be_v keep_v alive_a and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o cattle_n be_v all_o dead_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n themselves_o be_v in_o no_o good_a health_n as_o well_o through_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v pen_v as_o also_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o ill_a savour_n and_o multitude_n of_o dead_a body_n together_o with_o continual_a labour_n be_v unaccustomed_a to_o travel_v and_o pain_n but_o especial_o through_o the_o extreme_a want_n of_o water_n for_o all_o the_o river_n and_o brook_n of_o that_o quarter_n caesar_n have_v either_o turn_v another_o way_n or_o dam_v up_o with_o great_a work_n and_o as_o the_o place_n be_v mountainous_a with_o some_o intermission_n and_o distinction_n of_o valley_n in_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o a_o cave_n or_o den_n so_o he_o stop_v the_o same_o with_o great_a pile_n beat_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o interlate_v with_o faggot_n and_o hurdle_n and_o then_o strengthen_v with_o earth_n to_o keep_v back_o the_o water_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o seek_v low_a ground_n and_o marish_a place_n and_o there_o to_o sink_v well_n which_o labour_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o undertake_v beside_o their_o daily_a work_n albeit_o these_o well_n stand_v far_o distant_a from_o their_o garrison_n and_o be_v quick_o dry_v up_o with_o heat_n but_o caesar_n army_n be_v in_o exceed_v good_a health_n and_o have_v plenty_n of_o water_n together_o with_o all_o kind_n of_o provision_n except_v wheat_n which_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n daily_o bring_v on_o and_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o store_n harvest_n be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n in_o this_o new_a course_n of_o war_n new_a policy_n and_o device_n of_o warfare_n be_v invent_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n by_o either_o party_n they_o perceive_v by_o the_o fire_n that_o our_o cohort_n in_o the_o night_n time_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o work_n come_v steal_v out_o and_o discharge_v all_o their_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o then_o present_o retreat_v wherewith_o our_o man_n be_v warn_v find_v out_o this_o remedy_n that_o they_o make_v their_o fire_n in_o one_o place_n and_o keep_v their_o watch_n in_o another_o the_o first_o observation_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o matter_n of_o attempt_n do_v much_o import_n the_o fortune_n of_o a_o war_n we_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o take_v notice_n
a_o maniple_n be_v either_o a_o hand_n or_o a_o dragon_n a_o wolf_n or_o a_o sphinx_n as_o it_o appear_v beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o history_n by_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n in_o rome_n wherein_o the_o ensign_n be_v figure_v with_o such_o portraiture_n so_o that_o these_o ensign_n resemble_v the_o proportion_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v their_o forepart_n always_o carry_v that_o way_n which_o the_o legious_a be_v to_o march_v or_o where_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n by_o the_o aspect_n and_o carry_v of_o the_o ensign_n the_o front_n of_o the_o army_n be_v common_o note_v as_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o hill_n whither_o the_o helvetian_o have_v make_v their_o retreat_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o three_o battle_n look_v another_o way_n towards_o the_o boii_n and_o tulingi_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n by_o which_o be_v signify_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v divide_v to_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o double_a encounter_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v not_o the_o same_o division_n of_o the_o day_n as_o we_o common_o do_v day_n for_o they_o divide_v their_o artificial_a which_o be_v the_o space_n between_o sunrising_a and_o set_v into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n which_o the_o astronomer_n call_v unequal_a or_o planetary_a hour_n the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n begin_v always_o at_o sunrising_a the_o six_o hour_n be_v always_o high_a noon_n and_o the_o twelve_o hour_n be_v sunset_n and_o as_o the_o day_n wax_v long_a or_o short_a so_o these_o hour_n be_v either_o great_a or_o less_o neither_o do_v they_o agree_v with_o equal_a or_o equinoctial_a hour_n such_o as_o be_v now_o use_v but_o only_o at_o the_o aequinoctium_n so_o that_o by_o this_o manner_n of_o reckon_n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la septima_fw-la ad_fw-la vesperum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o battle_n begin_v about_o one_o of_o the_o clock_n according_a to_o our_o computation_n and_o continue_v until_o the_o evening_n the_o like_a we_o must_v understand_v throughout_o this_o whole_a history_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n chap._n x._o the_o helvetian_o continue_v their_o fight_n at_o the_o carriage_n but_o at_o length_n they_o leave_v the_o field_n and_o march_v towards_o langre_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o fight_n be_v keep_v on_o foot_n at_o the_o carriage_n caesar_n until_o it_o be_v far_o in_o the_o night_n the_o place_n be_v fortify_v with_o cart_n instead_o of_o a_o rampire_n and_o the_o enemy_n cast_v their_o weapon_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n and_o with_o dart_n and_o javelin_n under_o the_o wagon_n and_o from_o between_o the_o wheel_n do_v wound_n and_o gall_n many_o of_o our_o man_n after_o a_o long_a conflict_n our_o soldier_n take_v their_o carriage_n and_o their_o camp_n wherein_o orgetorix_n daughter_n and_o one_o of_o his_o son_n be_v take_v there_o be_v save_v out_o of_o that_o battle_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o person_n who_o march_v continual_o all_o that_o night_n and_o make_v no_o stay_n in_o any_o place_n come_v the_o four_o day_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o lingones_n langre_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o soldier_n hurt_n and_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o slay_v wherein_o there_o be_v spend_v three_o day_n there_o be_v no_o pursuit_n make_v after_o they_o observation_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o overthrow_n as_o far_o as_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o the_o history_n shall_v direct_v our_o judgement_n we_o shall_v find_v valour_n not_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o helvetian_o but_o rather_o superlative_o abound_v in_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o vehement_a opinion_n of_o their_o valiancy_n and_o manhood_n which_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o starit_n of_o the_o country_n to_o seek_v large_a fortune_n in_o other_o kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o abate_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o host_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n nor_o with_o the_o terrible_a fury_n of_o those_o veterane_n legion_n but_o it_o yield_v this_o effect_n which_o caesar_n in_o his_o estimate_n of_o valour_n think_v memorable_a that_o for_o five_o hour_n space_n or_o more_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n see_v to_o have_v turn_v his_o back_n their_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v have_v not_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o enemy_n be_v unresistable_a for_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o phalanx_n which_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o asia_n have_v make_v alexander_n the_o great_a and_o the_o macedomans_n famous_a they_o do_v as_o far_o surpass_v any_o other_o form_n of_o imbattel_v suppose_v that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n do_v fit_v that_o disposition_n wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o many_o particular_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o great_a body_n exceed_v the_o force_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o part_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a canton_n for_o as_o in_o a_o phalanx_n many_o particular_a soldier_n be_v by_o a_o close_a and_o compact_a order_n incorporate_v into_o one_o entire_a body_n so_o their_o several_a virtue_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o head_n and_o be_v as_o part_n unite_v into_o one_o general_a force_n which_o easy_o swallow_v up_o the_o ability_n of_o many_o other_o lesser_a quantity_n into_o which_o a_o great_a strength_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o they_o get_v by_o retreat_n and_o the_o double_a charge_n wherewith_o they_o engage_v the_o roman_n both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v able_a in_o a_o indifferent_a conflict_n to_o have_v make_v fortune_n fugitive_a and_o bear_v arm_n on_o their_o side_n or_o at_o the_o least_o so_o to_o have_v stâ—â—med_v the_o swell_a tide_n of_o victory_n which_o carry_v the_o roman_n so_o violent_o in_o the_o chase_n that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v equal_a shater_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n have_v it_o not_o follow_v from_o a_o ocean_n of_o valour_n who_o course_n can_v not_o be_v hinder_v with_o any_o stop_n and_o opposition_n until_o it_o come_v to_o that_o height_n which_o true_a valour_n and_o unexampled_a resolution_n affect_v and_o yet_o the_o height_n of_o this_o courage_n can_v not_o so_o allay_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o helvetian_o fury_n but_o it_o break_v forth_o into_o dangerous_a flame_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o their_o carriage_n be_v lay_v and_o cost_v much_o blood_n and_o many_o man_n life_n before_o they_o quit_v the_o place_n for_o they_o fight_v with_o that_o spirit_n and_o industry_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o make_v trial_n whether_o their_o fortune_n will_v prove_v no_o better_o in_o the_o might_n than_o it_o have_v do_v in_o the_o day_n the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o tigâ—râ—e_a canton_n at_o the_o river_n arar_n proceed_v rather_o from_o want_n of_o good_a ducâ—tions_n which_o be_v the_o less_o to_o be_v marvel_v at_o consider_v they_o have_v no_o chief_a commander_n as_o we_o read_v of_o then_o from_o any_o defect_n of_o valour_n 〈…〉_z for_o the_o rule_n of_o military_a government_n 〈◊〉_d especial_a care_n in_o pass_v over_o a_o water_n for_o then_o especial_o a_o army_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n when_o it_o be_v disorder_v and_o divide_v and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n achieve_v this_o victory_n by_o the_o horrible_a vigilancy_n as_o tully_n call_v it_o of_o their_o commandeâ—_n who_o always_o watch_v opportunitates_fw-la reâ—_n bene_fw-la gerendae_fw-la as_o necessary_a and_o speedy_a mean_n to_o overcome_v in_o all_o his_o war_n chap._n xi_o caesar_n after_o three_o day_n respite_n follow_v after_o the_o helvetian_o he_o take_v they_o to_o mercy_n and_o send_v they_o back_o again_o to_o the_o country_n caesar_n send_v letter_n and_o messenger_n to_o the_o lingones_n caesar_n forbid_v to_o supply_v they_o either_o with_o cornor_n any_o other_o thing_n which_o if_o they_o do_v he_o will_v esteem_v of_o they_o as_o of_o the_o helvetian_o himself_o after_o three_o day_n respite_n follw_v after_o with_o all_o his_o force_n the_o helvetian_o press_v with_o the_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_a provision_n send_v commissioner_n unto_o he_o to_o treat_v of_o their_o rendition_n who_o meet_v he_o on_o the_o way_n cast_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n and_o with_o humble_a word_n and_o tear_n desire_v peace_n be_v command_v to_o attend_v in_o the_o place_n they_o then_o be_v they_o according_o obey_v caesar_n be_v come_v up_o unto_o they_o require_v hostage_n together_o with_o their_o arm_n and_o servant_n as_o also_o the_o fugitive_n that_o be_v sle_z unto_o they_o while_o those_o thing_n be_v seek_v out_o and_o bring_v in_o the_o
their_o exile_a judgement_n discover_v their_o breath_n of_o discipline_n for_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o military_a government_n they_o have_v presume_v not_o only_o to_o make_v inquiry_n but_o to_o give_v out_o whither_o and_o upon_o what_o service_n they_o be_v carry_v which_o in_o the_o rigour_n of_o camp-policy_n can_v not_o pass_v without_o due_a punishment_n for_o what_o can_v more_o contradict_v the_o fortunate_a success_n of_o a_o expedition_n then_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v measure_v with_o the_o vulgar_a conceit_n or_o weigh_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o such_o false_a judgement_n especial_o when_o those_o weak_a censor_n be_v to_o be_v actor_n and_o executioner_n of_o the_o design_n for_o then_o every_o man_n will_v suit_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n according_a to_o his_o own_o humour_n although_o his_o humour_n be_v lead_v with_o blindness_n and_o have_v no_o other_o direction_n than_o a_o uncertain_a apprehension_n of_o profit_n or_o disadvantage_n and_o in_o this_o case_n there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a precedent_n than_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v for_o as_o natural_a agent_n whilst_o they_o concur_v to_o produce_v a_o work_n of_o absolute_a perfection_n neither_o know_v what_o they_o do_v nor_o can_v discern_v the_o thing_n they_o look_v upon_o but_o yield_v themselves_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o moderator_n of_o infinite_a knowledge_n so_o ought_v a_o multitude_n to_o submit_v their_o ability_n to_o the_o direction_n of_o some_o wise_a and_o prudent_a captain_n that_o behold_v the_o action_n in_o true_a honour_n and_o balance_v the_o loss_n of_o many_o particular_n with_o the_o health_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o if_o every_o man_n shall_v prescribe_v who_o shall_v obey_v tam_fw-la nescire_fw-la quaedam_fw-la milites_fw-la quam_fw-la scire_fw-la oportet_fw-la say_v otho_n in_o tacitus_n upon_o the_o like_a disorder_n and_o again_o parendo_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la imperia_fw-la ducum_fw-la sciscitando_fw-la res_fw-la militares_fw-la continentur_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o the_o great_a virtue_n which_o be_v require_v in_o a_o soldier_n be_v obedience_n as_o a_o thing_n wherein_o the_o force_n of_o all_o discipline_n consist_v the_o three_o observation_n in_o the_o reason_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prove_v their_o disparity_n of_o valour_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o roman_n country_n who_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o helvetian_o that_o have_v oftentimes_o overthrow_v the_o german_n he_o strengthen_v the_o argument_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o say_v that_o the_o helvetian_o have_v put_v they_o to_o the_o worst_a not_o only_a where_o the_o helvetian_o dwell_v themselves_o but_o even_o in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o at_o home_n at_o their_o own_o door_n as_o though_o a_o enemy_n be_v charge_v with_o great_a fury_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o man_n own_o country_n and_o dear_a friend_n then_o in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a land_n this_o question_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o roman_a senate_n by_o fabius_n maximus_n and_o scipio_n surname_v africanus_n when_o they_o sit_v in_o council_n how_o to_o rid_v their_o country_n of_o that_o subtle_a carthaginian_a that_o for_o sixteen_o year_n space_n have_v fret_v like_o a_o canker_n the_o beauty_n of_o italy_n waste_v the_o land_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o desolation_n sack_v their_o confederate_n or_o alienate_v they_o from_o their_o duty_n overthrow_v their_o army_n slay_v their_o consul_n and_o threaten_v their_o imperial_a city_n with_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n fabius_n upon_o the_o motion_n to_o make_v war_n in_o africa_n think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n first_o to_o defend_v that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o before_o they_o attempt_v other_o man_n possession_n when_o peace_n be_v establish_v in_o italy_n then_o let_v war_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n in_o africa_n and_o first_o let_v they_o be_v without_o fear_n themselves_o before_o they_o go_v about_o to_o terrify_v other_o for_o those_o force_n afford_v little_a hope_n of_o victory_n in_o another_o kingdom_n that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o free_v their_o own_o country_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n alcibiades_z overthrow_v the_o athenian_a commonweal_n with_o the_o like_a counsel_n and_o concern_v hannibal_n let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o this_o that_o they_o shall_v find_v he_o a_o sore_a enemy_n in_o his_o own_o country_n then_o in_o another_o kingdom_n scipio_n on_o the_o other_o side_n carry_v on_o with_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o glorious_a a_o enterprise_n want_v neither_o reason_n nor_o example_n to_o impugn_v fabius_n his_o authority_n for_o he_o show_v that_o agathocles_n the_o syracusian_a king_n be_v a_o long_a time_n afflict_v with_o the_o punic_a war_n avert_v the_o carthaginian_a from_o sicily_n by_o transport_v his_o force_n into_o africa_n but_o how_o powerful_a it_o be_v to_o take_v away_o fear_v by_o retort_v danger_n upon_o the_o oppressor_n can_v there_o be_v a_o present_a example_n than_o hannibal_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n between_o the_o spoil_n and_o waste_v of_o a_o stranger_n country_n and_o to_o see_v their_o own_o native_a country_n waste_v with_o sword_n and_o destruction_n plus_fw-fr animi_fw-la est_fw-la inferenti_fw-la periculum_fw-la quam_fw-la propulsanti_fw-la for_o he_o that_o invade_v another_o kingdom_n easy_o discover_v both_o the_o advantage_n which_o may_v be_v take_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o strength_n whereupon_o he_o rest_v and_o among_o the_o variable_a event_n of_o war_n many_o unexpected_a occasion_n arise_v which_o present_a victory_n to_o he_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v it_o and_o many_o strange_a chance_n so_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o thing_n that_o no_o foresight_n can_v discern_v what_o may_v happen_v with_o these_o and_o the_o like_a remonstrance_n this_o question_n of_o no_o less_o doubt_n than_o importance_n be_v handle_v by_o two_o famous_a and_o worthy_a captain_n who_o mind_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v entangle_v with_o such_o particular_a affection_n for_o the_o present_a as_o may_v rather_o draw_v they_o to_o wrest_v reason_n to_o their_o own_o humour_n then_o to_o determine_v in_o sincerity_n of_o judgement_n upon_o what_o specialty_n the_o truth_n be_v ground_v in_o the_o contrariety_n of_o their_o position_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o commodity_n or_o disadvantage_n which_o be_v annex_v unto_o either_o part_n i_o will_v only_o set_v down_o some_o reason_n to_o prove_v how_o valour_n and_o courage_n may_v either_o grow_v or_o be_v abate_v by_o the_o accident_n which_o rise_v in_o a_o war_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o first_o this_o can_v be_v deny_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o infallible_a truth_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o property_n of_o man_n nature_n that_o as_o advantage_n bring_v hope_n of_o victory_n and_o hope_n conceive_v such_o spirit_n as_o usual_o follow_v when_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v hope_v for_o be_v effect_v and_o thereby_o the_o courage_n become_v hardy_a and_o resolute_a in_o victory_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n disadvantage_n and_o danger_n breed_v fear_n &_o fear_v so_o check_v valour_n and_o control_v the_o spirit_n that_o virtue_n and_o honour_n give_v place_n to_o distrust_v and_o yield_v up_o their_o interest_n to_o such_o directour_n as_o can_v afford_v nothing_o but_o diffidence_n and_o irresolution_n neither_o can_n to_o be_v deny_v but_o he_o that_o set_v upon_o a_o enemy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o so_o prevent_v such_o attempt_n as_o may_v be_v make_v upon_o his_o own_o territory_n have_v that_o advantage_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o action_n and_o steel_v his_o enterprise_n with_o resolution_n for_o beside_o the_o commodity_n of_o leave_v when_o he_o list_v and_o proceed_v as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v find_v his_o mean_n able_a to_o fortunate_a his_o attempt_n he_o know_v that_o the_o strife_n and_o controversy_n be_v not_o forth_o be_v native_a country_n which_o he_o quiet_o enjoy_v and_o be_v reserve_v at_o all_o time_n to_o entertain_v he_o howsoever_o fortune_n shall_v favour_v his_o design_n but_o for_o a_o stranger_n kingdom_n which_o his_o ambition_n thirst_v after_o wherein_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o riches_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o state_n be_v lay_v before_o they_o as_o the_o recompense_n of_o their_o labour_n beside_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v achieve_v thereby_o every_o man_n valour_n soar_v at_o a_o high_a pitch_n and_o their_o courage_n be_v increase_v without_o any_o trouble_n or_o disturbance_n of_o the_o other_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o when_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v assault_v in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o subject_n have_v â—is_n land_n consume_v with_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n the_o danger_n will_v so_o disturb_v the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n thaâ—â—â—ough_o the_o turbulent_a disorder_n of_o the_o weak_a part_n the_o better_a faculty_n will_v lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o advise_v how_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v best_a resist_v when_o as_o every_o
our_o proceed_n to_o that_o certainty_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v urge_v inasmuch_o as_o our_o leader_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v when_o they_o look_v no_o further_o then_o to_o match_v a_o enemy_n with_o equality_n of_o number_n refer_v their_o valour_n to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o battle_n not_o consider_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o itself_o can_v discern_v the_o difference_n between_o two_o champion_n of_o like_a presence_n and_o outward_a carriage_n unless_o it_o see_v their_o strength_n compare_v together_o and_o weigh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o trial_n which_o caesar_n omit_v not_o diligent_o to_o observe_v before_o he_o will_v adventure_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n for_o beside_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n it_o give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o his_o man_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o able_a to_o countermatch_n a_o enemy_n and_o know_v their_o task_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o strength_n neither_o do_v he_o observe_v it_o only_o at_o this_o instant_n but_o throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o action_n for_o we_o find_v that_o he_o never_o encounter_v any_o enemy_n but_o with_o sufficient_a power_n either_o in_o number_n or_o in_o valour_n to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o which_o equality_n of_o strength_n be_v first_o lay_v as_o a_o sure_a foundation_n he_o use_v his_o own_o industry_n and_o skill_n and_o the_o discipline_n wherein_o his_o man_n be_v train_v as_o advantage_n to_o oversway_v his_o adversary_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n maugre_o fortune_n unto_o himself_o and_o seldom_o fail_v in_o any_o of_o his_o battle_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n axona_n disne_n leave_v titerius_fw-la sabinus_n encamp_v on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o six_o cohort_n as_o soon_o as_o caesar_n understand_v as_o well_o by_o he_o discover_v caesar_n as_o from_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n that_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o belgae_n be_v assemble_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o be_v now_o make_v towards_o he_o no_o great_a distance_n off_o he_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o divide_v the_o man_n of_o rheims_n from_o the_o other_o belgae_n and_o there_o encamp_v whereby_o he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o no_o enemy_n can_v come_v on_o the_o back_n of_o he_o to_o work_v any_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o corn_n may_v be_v bring_v unto_o he_o from_o rheims_n and_o other_o city_n without_o danger_n and_o further_o that_o he_o may_v command_v the_o passage_n back_o again_o as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v to_o his_o best_a advantage_n he_o fortify_v a_o bridge_n which_o he_o find_v on_o the_o river_n with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o man_n and_o cause_v titurius_n sabinus_n a_o legate_n to_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o six_o cohort_n command_v he_o to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o altitude_n and_o a_o trench_n of_o 18_o foot_n in_o breadth_n observation_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v why_o caesar_n do_v pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n leave_v it_o on_o his_o back_n and_o do_v not_o rather_o attend_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o hinder_v he_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v to_o pass_v over_o i_o will_v set_v down_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o war_n as_o the_o occurrence_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o make_v they_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o enter_v into_o the_o particularity_n of_o these_o six_o cohort_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_a judge_n of_o such_o troop_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o service_n of_o this_o war_n but_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_a conjecture_n what_o number_n of_o soldier_n these_o six_o cohort_n do_v contain_v it_o seem_v expedient_a a_o little_a to_o discourse_v of_o the_o company_n and_o regiment_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o army_n and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o great_a and_o chief_a regiment_n in_o a_o roman_a army_n be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o legio_n be_v as_o varro_n say_v quod_fw-la leguntur_fw-la milites_fw-la in_o delectu_fw-la 4._o or_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v romuli_n quod_fw-la lecti_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la essent_fw-la militares_fw-la so_o that_o it_o take_v the_o name_n legio_n of_o the_o choice_n and_o select_v of_o the_o soldier_n romulus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o author_n and_o founder_n of_o these_o legion_n make_v every_o legion_n to_o contain_v 3000_o soldier_n but_o short_o after_o they_o be_v augment_v as_o festus_n record_v unto_o 4000_o and_o afterward_o again_o from_o 4000_o to_o 4200._o and_o that_o number_n be_v the_o common_a rate_n of_o a_o legion_n until_o hannibal_n come_v into_o italy_n 22._o and_o then_o it_o be_v augment_v to_o 5000_o but_o that_o proportion_n continue_v only_o for_o that_o time_n and_o again_o when_o scipio_n go_v into_o africa_n the_o legion_n be_v increase_v to_o 6200_o footman_n and_o 300_o horse_n and_o short_o after_o the_o macedonian_a war_n the_o legion_n that_o continue_v in_o macedon_n to_o keep_v the_o province_n from_o rebellion_n consist_v of_o 6000_o footman_n and_o 300_o horse_n out_o of_o caesar_n it_o can_v be_v gather_v that_o a_o legion_n in_o his_o time_n do_v exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 5000_o man_n but_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v short_a of_o that_o number_n for_o he_o himself_o say_v that_o in_o this_o war_n in_o gallia_n his_o soldier_n be_v so_o waste_v that_o he_o have_v scarce_o 7000_o man_n in_o two_o legion_n and_o if_o we_o examine_v that_o place_n out_o of_o the_o 3._o of_o the_o civil_a war_n where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o pompey_n his_o army_n be_v 110_o cohort_n which_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 55000_o man_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a as_o well_o by_o this_o number_n of_o cohort_n as_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o divers_a author_n that_o pompey_n his_o army_n consist_v of_o 11_o legion_n if_o we_o divide_v 55000_o into_o 11_o part_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o legion_n to_o consist_v of_o 5000_o man_n which_o number_n or_o thereabouts_o be_v general_o know_v to_o be_v the_o usual_a rate_n of_o a_o legion_n the_o roman_n always_o express_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n by_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n that_o be_v therein_o as_o in_o this_o war_n it_o be_v say_v that_o caesar_n have_v eight_o legion_n which_o by_o this_o account_n may_v arise_v to_o 40000_o man_n beside_o associate_n and_o such_o as_o necessary_o attend_v the_o army_n further_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o every_o legion_n have_v his_o peculiar_a name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v know_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o it_o take_v either_o from_o their_o order_n of_o muster_n or_o enrollement_n as_o that_o legion_n which_o be_v first_o enroll_v be_v call_v the_o first_o legion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v second_o in_o the_o choice_n the_o second_o legion_n and_o so_o consequent_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o we_o read_v in_o this_o history_n the_o seven_o the_o eight_o the_o nine_o the_o ten_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o legion_n or_o otherwise_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o warfare_n and_o so_o we_o read_v of_o legiones_fw-la germanicae_fw-la pannonica_fw-la britannicae_n and_o such_o other_o and_o sometime_o of_o their_o general_n as_o augusta_n claudia_n hist_o vitelliana_n legiones_fw-la and_o so_o forth_o or_o to_o conclude_v from_o some_o accident_n of_o quality_n as_o rapax_fw-la victrix_n fulminifera_n plunder_v victorious_a lightning_n and_o such_o like_a and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o name_n and_o number_n of_o a_o legion_n which_o i_o must_v necessary_o distinguish_v into_o divers_a kind_n of_o soldier_n according_a to_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n and_o the_o continual_a observation_n thereof_o unto_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o empire_n before_o i_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o these_o small_a part_n whereof_o a_o legion_n be_v compound_v first_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o after_o the_o consul_n have_v make_v a_o general_a choice_n and_o swear_v the_o soldier_n the_o tribune_n choose_v out_o the_o young_a and_o poor_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o velite_n velite_n their_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o soldier_n be_v both_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a not_o only_o because_o they_o fight_v afar_o off_o and_o be_v light_o arm_v but_o also_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v common_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n as_o our_o forlorn_a hope_n be_v have_v choose_v out_o a_o competent_a number_n for_o this_o kind_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o they_o which_o they_o call_v hastati_fw-la hastati_fw-la a_o degree_n above_o the_o velite_n both_o in_o age_n
and_o wealth_n &_o term_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o hastati_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o at_o their_o first_o institution_n they_o fight_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o javelin_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v hasta_n but_o before_o polybius_n his_o time_n they_o use_v pile_n notwithstanding_o their_o ancient_a name_n continue_v unto_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o three_o choice_n which_o they_o make_v be_v of_o the_o strong_a &_o lustiest-bodied_n man_n who_o for_o the_o prime_n of_o their_o age_n be_v call_v principes_fw-la principes_fw-la the_o rest_n that_o remain_v be_v name_v triarii_n triarii_fw-la as_o varro_n say_v quod_fw-la tertio_fw-la ordine_fw-la extremis_fw-la sub_fw-la sidio_fw-la deponuntur_fw-la these_o be_v always_o the_o elder_a and_o best-experienced_n man_n and_o be_v place_v in_o the_o three_o division_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o help_n and_o refuge_n in_o all_o extremity_n 〈◊〉_d polybius_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o velite_n hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la do_v consist_v of_o 1200_o man_n apiece_o and_o the_o triarii_n never_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 600._o although_o the_o general_a number_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v augment_v rom._n whereof_o lâ—psius_n allege_v these_o reason_n first_o because_o these_o triarii_n consist_v of_o the_o best_a of_o the_o soldier_n and_o so_o may_v countervail_v a_o great_a number_n in_o good_a worth_n and_o valour_n second_o they_o seldom_o come_v to_o buckle_v with_o the_o enemy_n but_o when_o the_o controversy_n grow_v very_o doubtful_a last_o we_o may_v well_o conjecture_v that_o the_o voluntary_n and_o extraordinary_a follower_n range_v themselves_o among_o these_o triaries_n and_o so_o make_v the_o three_o battle_n equal_a to_o either_o of_o the_o former_a but_o howsoever_o they_o never_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 600._o and_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o polybius_n his_o time_n the_o common_a rate_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v 4200._o in_o this_o division_n of_o their_o man_n consist_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o well-ordered_a discipline_n division_n for_o in_o that_o they_o distinguish_v they_o according_a to_o their_o year_n and_o ability_n they_o reduce_v their_o whole_a strength_n into_o several_a class_n and_o so_o dispose_v of_o these_o different_a part_n that_o in_o the_o general_a composition_n of_o their_o whole_a body_n every_o part_n may_v be_v fit_v with_o place_n and_o office_n accâ—â—ding_v as_o his_o worth_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o same_o and_o so_o they_o make_v not_o only_o a_o number_n of_o gross_a but_o a_o number_n distinct_a by_o part_n and_o property_n that_o from_o every_o accident_n which_o meet_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o judgement_n may_v determine_v how_o much_o or_o how_o little_a it_o import_v the_o whole_a body_n beside_o the_o great_a use_n which_o they_o make_v of_o this_o distinction_n in_o their_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o preferment_n a_o matter_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o government_n the_o soldier_n at_o their_o enrollement_n be_v thus_o divide_v according_a to_o their_o year_n and_o ability_n company_n they_o then_o reduce_v they_o into_o small_a company_n to_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o command_v and_o fight_v and_o so_o they_o divide_v the_o hastate_n principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n each_o of_o they_o into_o 10_o company_n make_v of_o those_o three_o sort_n of_o soldier_n 30_o small_a regiment_n which_o they_o call_v manipuli_fw-la manipuli_fw-la and_o again_o they_o subdivide_v every_o maniple_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o call_v they_o ordines_fw-la which_o be_v the_o least_o company_n in_o a_o legion_n ordines_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n set_v down_o by_o polybius_n contain_v 60_o soldier_n in_o every_o ordo_fw-la there_o be_v a_o centurion_n or_o captain_n and_o a_o lieutenant_n who_o they_o name_v optio_fw-la or_o tergiductor_n the_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n be_v much_o lesser_a than_o the_o maniple_n of_o either_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o the_o principes_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o their_o whole_a band_n consist_v but_o of_o 600_o man_n the_o velite_n be_v put_v into_o no_o such_o company_n but_o be_v equal_o distribute_v among_o the_o other_o maniple_n and_o therefore_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la be_v call_v subsignani_fw-la milites_fw-la to_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o the_o velite_n which_o be_v not_o divide_v into_o band_n and_o so_o consequent_o have_v no_o ensign_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v distribute_v among_o the_o other_o company_n so_o that_o every_o maniple_n have_v 40_o velite_n attend_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o a_o cohort_n which_o the_o history_n here_o mention_v the_o word_n cohors_fw-la in_o latin_a do_v signify_v that_o part_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v common_o enclose_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o house_n cohors_fw-la which_o from_o the_o same_o word_n we_o call_v a_o court_n â—ust_z and_o varro_n give_v this_o reason_n of_o the_o metaphor_n as_o in_o a_o farm_n house_n say_v he_o many_o out-building_n join_v together_o make_v one_o enclosure_n so_o a_o cohort_n consist_v of_o several_a maniple_n join_v together_o in_o one_o body_n this_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o maniple_n for_o every_o legion_n have_v ten_o cohort_n which_o must_v necessary_o comprehend_v those_o thirty_o maniple_n but_o these_o three_o maniple_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o soldier_n as_o three_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la three_o of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o three_o of_o the_o triarii_n as_o patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v for_o so_o there_o will_v have_v remain_v a_o odd_a maniple_n in_o every_o kind_n that_o can_v not_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o any_o cohort_n but_o a_o cohort_n contain_v a_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la a_o maniple_a of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n and_o so_o all_o the_o thirty_o maniple_n be_v include_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n be_v as_o a_o little_a legion_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o consist_v of_o all_o those_o sort_n of_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o a_o legion_n so_o that_o make_v a_o legion_n to_o contain_v five_o thousand_o man_n a_o cohort_n have_v five_o hundred_o and_o so_o these_o six_o cohort_n which_o he_o encamp_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n under_o the_o command_n of_o titurius_n sabinus_n contain_v three_o thousand_o soldier_n but_o if_o you_o make_v a_o legion_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o more_o usual_a rate_n there_o be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o soldier_n in_o these_o six_o cohort_n by_o this_o therefore_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o legion_n consist_v of_o four_o sort_n of_o soldier_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n contain_v three_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_a two_o order_n and_o every_o order_n have_v his_o centurion_n march_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o troup_n and_o every_o centurion_n have_v his_o optionem_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o troup_n when_o a_o legion_n stand_v range_v in_o battle_n ready_a to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o least_o body_n or_o squadron_n that_o it_o contain_v be_v a_o maniple_a wherein_o the_o two_o order_n be_v join_v together_o make_v joint_o ten_o in_o front_n and_o twelve_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o five_o file_n have_v their_o centurion_n in_o front_n and_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o rearward_n to_o direct_v they_o in_o all_o adventure_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n their_o battalion_n consist_v of_o a_o cohort_n and_o never_o exceed_v that_o number_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o army_n be_v polybius_n distinguish_v a_o maniple_n into_o two_o century_n or_o order_n say_v that_o the_o centurion_n first_o choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n order_n command_v the_o right_a order_n which_o be_v that_o order_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o primus_fw-la ordo_fw-la and_o the_o centurion_n elect_v in_o the_o second_o course_n command_v the_o left_a order_n and_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o either_o of_o they_o he_o that_o be_v present_a of_o they_o two_o command_v the_o whole_a maniple_n and_o so_o we_o find_v that_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o place_n be_v call_v prior_n centuriâ—_n civili_fw-la in_o which_o sense_n caesar_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v slay_v praeter_fw-la principem_fw-la priorem_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o gather_v two_o specialty_n first_o the_o priority_n between_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o same_o maniple_n for_o a_o cohort_n consist_v of_o three_o maniple_n whereof_o the_o first_o maniple_n be_v triarii_n the_o second_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o three_o hastati_fw-la and_o every_o maniple_n contain_v two_o order_n and_o
every_o order_n a_o centurion_n he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o this_o cohort_n be_v slay_v save_v the_o first_o or_o upper_a centurion_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v cohorâ—_n be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n for_o these_o ten_o cohort_n whereof_o a_o legion_n consist_v be_v distinguish_v by_o degree_n of_o worthiness_n and_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v the_o worthy_a in_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o elector_n take_v the_o priority_n both_o of_o place_n and_o name_n and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o cohort_n the_o next_o the_o second_o cohort_n and_o so_o consequent_o unto_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o neither_o do_v the_o legion_n want_v their_o degree_n of_o preeminence_n both_o in_o imbattel_v and_o in_o encamp_v according_a either_o to_o the_o seniority_n of_o their_o inrollment_n or_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o general_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o these_o war_n in_o gallia_n the_o ten_o legion_n have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o caesar_n army_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o division_n and_o several_a company_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o the_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o the_o same_o upon_o this_o description_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o brief_o to_o lay_v open_a the_o most_o apparent_a commodity_n depend_v upon_o this_o discipline_n discipline_n the_o excellency_n whereof_o more_o plain_o appear_v be_v compare_v to_o that_o order_n which_o nature_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o frame_n of_o her_o worthy_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o such_o work_n of_o nature_n come_v near_a to_o perfect_a excellency_n who_o material_a substance_n be_v most_o particular_o distinguish_v into_o part_n and_o have_v every_o part_n endue_v with_o that_o property_n which_o best_o agree_v to_o his_o peculiar_a service_n for_o be_v thus_o furnish_v with_o diversity_n of_o instrument_n and_o these_o direct_v with_o fit_a ability_n the_o creature_n must_v needs_o express_v many_o admirable_a effect_n and_o discover_v the_o worth_n of_o a_o excellent_a nature_n whereas_o those_o other_o body_n that_o be_v but_o slender_o labour_v and_o find_v less_o favour_n in_o nature_n forge_n be_v as_o abortive_n or_o barbarous_o compose_v want_v the_o diversity_n both_o of_o part_n and_o faculty_n be_v no_o way_n capable_a of_o such_o excellent_a use_n nor_o fit_a for_o such_o distinct_a service_n as_o the_o former_a that_o be_v direct_v with_o so_o many_o property_n &_o enable_v with_o the_o power_n of_o so_o wel-distinguisht_a faculty_n which_o better_o work_v of_o nature_n the_o roman_n imitate_v in_o the_o architecture_n of_o their_o army_n divide_v it_o into_o such_o necessary_a and_o serviceable_a part_n as_o be_v best_a fit_v all_o use_n and_o employment_n as_o first_o legion_n and_o legion_n into_o cohort_n and_o cohort_n into_o maniple_n and_o maniple_n into_o century_n or_o order_n and_o these_o into_o file_n wherein_o every_o man_n know_v his_o place_n and_o keep_v the_o same_o without_o exchange_n or_o confusion_n and_o thus_o the_o universal_a multitude_n be_v by_o order_n dispose_v into_o part_n until_o it_o come_v unto_o a_o unity_n for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o century_n be_v in_o themselves_o so_o sensible_o distinguish_v that_o every_o soldier_n carry_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o particular_a map_n of_o his_o whole_a century_n for_o in_o imbattel_v every_o century_n be_v dispose_v into_o five_o file_n contain_v twelve_o in_o a_o file_n whereof_o the_o leader_n be_v always_o certain_a and_o never_o change_v but_o by_o death_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n and_o every_o leader_n know_v his_o follower_n and_o every_o second_o know_v the_o three_o man_n and_o so_o consequent_o unto_o the_o last_o upon_o these_o particularity_n it_o plain_o appear_v how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o reduce_v their_o troop_n into_o any_o order_n of_o a_o march_n or_o a_o battle_n to_o make_v the_o front_n the_o slank_n or_o slank_a front_n when_o they_o be_v break_v and_o disrankt_v to_o rally_v they_o into_o any_o form_n when_o every_o man_n know_v both_o his_o own_o and_o his_o fellow_n station_n if_o any_o company_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v upon_o sudden_a service_n the_o general_a idea_n of_o the_o army_n be_v so_o deep_o imprint_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o commander_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o eâ—re_v in_o take_v out_o such_o convenient_a troop_n both_o for_o number_n and_o quality_n as_o may_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n at_o all_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n these_o principle_n of_o advantage_n offer_v themselves_o as_o ready_a mean_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n any_o design_n or_o stratagem_n whatsoever_o the_o project_n be_v no_o soon_o resolve_v of_o but_o every_o man_n can_v ready_o point_v out_o the_o company_n that_o be_v â—it_a to_o execute_v the_o intention_n and_o which_o be_v more_o important_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o life_n and_o spirit_n of_o every_o such_o part_n their_o sodality_n be_v sweeten_v or_o rather_o strengthen_v with_o the_o mutual_a acquaintance_n and_o friendship_n one_o of_o another_o the_o captain_n march_v always_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o troup_n the_o ensign_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o rearward_n and_o every_o man_n accompany_v with_o his_o neighbour_n and_o his_o friend_n which_o breed_v a_o true_a and_o unfeigned_a courage_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o follower_n beside_o these_o specialty_n the_o place_n of_o title_n and_o dignity_n depend_v upon_o this_o order_n be_v no_o small_a mean_n to_o cut_v off_o all_o matter_n of_o civil_a discord_n and_o intestine_a dissension_n for_o here_o every_o man_n know_v his_o place_n in_o the_o file_n and_o every_o file_n know_v his_o place_n in_o the_o century_n and_o every_o century_n in_o the_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_n in_o the_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n in_o the_o legion_n and_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o army_n and_o so_o every_o soldier_n have_v his_o place_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o every_o place_n give_v honour_n to_o the_o man_n according_a as_o their_o discipline_n have_v determine_v thereof_o the_o want_n of_o this_o discipline_n have_v dishonour_v the_o martial_a government_n of_o this_o age_n with_o bloodshed_n and_o murder_n whereof_o trance_n be_v too_o true_a a_o witness_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o of_o our_o english_a force_n that_o have_v be_v send_v thither_o to_o appeal_v their_o tumult_n for_o through_o defect_n of_o this_o order_n which_o allot_v to_o every_o man_n his_o due_a place_n the_o controversy_n grow_v between_o sir_n william_n drury_n and_o sir_n john_n burrowes_n the_o issue_n whereof_o be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o the_o world_n wherein_o as_o our_o commander_n in_o france_n have_v be_v negligent_a so_o i_o may_v not_o forget_v to_o give_v due_a commendation_n to_o the_o care_n which_o be_v have_v of_o this_o point_n among_o the_o english_a troop_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n where_o they_o be_v very_o curious_a in_o appoint_v every_o man_n his_o place_n in_o the_o file_n and_o every_o file_n in_o the_o troup_n and_o find_v much_o benefit_n thereby_o beside_o the_o honour_n of_o revive_v the_o roman_a discipline_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n squadron_n i_o will_v only_o touch_v in_o a_o word_n the_o benefit_n which_o the_o roman_n find_v in_o their_o small_a battalion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n which_o we_o have_v in_o make_v great_a squadron_n and_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o such_o troop_n stand_v best_a appoint_v for_o disposition_n and_o array_n of_o battle_n which_o stand_v strong_a to_o receive_v a_o shock_n bring_v most_o man_n to_o â—ight_n with_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o principal_a thing_n which_o be_v require_v in_o set_v of_o a_o battle_n be_v so_o to_o order_v the_o troop_n that_o the_o depth_n in_o slank_n may_v serve_v convenient_o to_o withstand_v the_o assault_n take_v up_o no_o more_o man_n than_o may_v well_o serve_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o give_v mean_n to_o the_o rest_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o in_o these_o two_o point_n be_v both_o their_o defensive_a and_o offensive_a consideration_n comprehend_v but_o small_a troop_n and_o battalion_n afford_v this_o conveniency_n better_o than_o great_a squadron_n which_o drown_v up_o many_o able_a man_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o their_o â—lanks_n and_o never_o suffer_v they_o to_o appear_v but_o when_o the_o break_n of_o the_o squadron_n do_v present_v they_o to_o the_o butchery_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n as_o i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o first_o book_n never_o carry_v above_o sixteen_o in_o slank_a and_o bring_v five_o hundred_o to_o fight_v in_o front_n and_o these_o
little_a battalion_n consider_v they_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o battle_n ray_n make_v as_o great_a a_o front_n or_o great_a then_o that_o of_o the_o phalanx_n keep_v a_o depth_n answerable_a to_o the_o same_o beside_o the_o second_o and_o three_o battle_n which_o always_o be_v to_o succour_v they_o which_o the_o phalanx_n want_v neither_o will_v their_o thick_a and_o close_o imbattel_v admit_v any_o such_o succour_n behind_o they_o now_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o advantage_n and_o discommodity_n which_o by_o place_n and_o accident_n be_v incident_a to_o either_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v find_v great_a odds_o between_o they_o these_o great_a squadron_n be_v not_o feasible_a but_o in_o plain_a and_o open_a place_n where_o they_o may_v either_o stand_v immovable_a or_o make_v easy_a and_o slow_a motion_n without_o shake_v or_o disorder_v their_o body_n but_o the_o lesser_a be_v a_o scantling_n for_o all_o place_n champain_n or_o woody_a level_v or_o uneven_a or_o of_o what_o site_n or_o quality_n soever_o and_o to_o conclude_v if_o two_o or_o three_o rank_n of_o these_o great_a battalion_n chance_v to_o be_v break_v and_o disorder_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v as_o much_o interest_v in_o the_o disorder_n as_o the_o say_a rank_n be_v and_o have_v less_o mean_n to_o rally_v itself_o then_o any_o other_o lesser_a company_n but_o if_o any_o violence_n chance_n to_o rout_n a_o maniple_n it_o proceed_v no_o further_o in_o the_o army_n then_o that_o part_n which_o it_o take_v neithe_n can_v the_o disrank_n of_o any_o one_o part_n betray_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n to_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n forasmuch_o as_o their_o distinction_n serve_v to_o cut_v off_o such_o inconvenience_n and_o yet_o no_o way_n hinder_v the_o general_a unite_n of_o their_o strength_n into_o one_o body_n more_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v this_o matter_n but_o i_o only_a point_n at_o it_o and_o leave_v the_o due_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o commander_n and_o return_v to_o our_o history_n chap._n iu._n the_o belgae_n attempt_v the_o surprise_n of_o bibrax_n reâ—ell_n caesar_n send_v succour_v unto_o it_o there_o be_v a_o town_n call_v bibrax_n belong_v to_o the_o state_n of_o rheims_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o caesar_n camp_n which_o the_o belgae_n think_v to_o have_v surprise_v as_o they_o come_v along_o to_o meet_v with_o caesar_n and_o sudden_o assault_v it_o with_o such_o fury_n that_o the_o townsman_n can_v hardly_o hold_v out_o the_o first_o day_n the_o celtae_n and_o belgae_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o assault_v a_o town_n for_o have_v beset_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o wall_n with_o rank_n of_o soldier_n they_o never_o cease_v fling_v of_o stone_n until_o they_o find_v the_o wall_n naked_a of_o defendant_n and_o then_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o testudo_fw-la they_o approach_v to_o the_o gate_n and_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o thing_n be_v easy_o effect_v here_o for_o so_o great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o they_o that_o throw_v stone_n and_o dart_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o defendant_n to_o abide_v upon_o the_o wall_n assoon_o as_o the_o night_n have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o assault_n iccius_n of_o rheims_n a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n and_o authority_n in_o his_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o have_v be_v before_o with_o caesar_n to_o treat_v and_o conclude_v a_o peace_n send_v he_o word_n by_o messenger_n that_o if_o there_o come_v not_o present_a succour_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v out_o any_o long_o the_o same_o night_n about_o midnight_n use_v the_o same_o messenger_n for_o guide_n he_o send_v both_o numidian_a and_o cretian_a archer_n &_o slinger_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o baleares_n to_o relieve_v the_o town_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o townsman_n be_v put_v in_o good_a hope_n to_o make_v their_o party_n strong_a and_o the_o enemy_n make_v hopeless_a of_o win_v the_o town_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o small_a stay_n have_v depopulate_v their_o field_n and_o burn_v their_o village_n and_o out-building_n they_o march_v with_o all_o their_o power_n towards_o caesar_n camp_n and_o within_o less_o than_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o army_n they_o encamp_v their_o whole_a host_n which_o as_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o smoke_n and_o fire_n take_v up_o more_o ground_n than_o eight_o mile_n in_o breadth_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o description_n of_o their_o assault_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v two_o circumstance_n the_o first_o be_v the_o manner_n they_o use_v in_o a_o sudden_a surprise_n the_o second_o be_v surprise_n the_o form_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o testudo_fw-la although_o caesar_n seem_v to_o attribute_v this_o manner_n of_o assault_v a_o town_n as_o peculiar_a to_o the_o gall_n yet_o we_o may_v not_o think_v but_o that_o the_o roman_n use_v it_o as_o often_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o surprise_v any_o city_n but_o because_o the_o gall_n know_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o take_v a_o town_n but_o this_o therefore_o he_o set_v it_o down_o as_o peculiar_a unto_o they_o the_o roman_n call_v this_o manner_n of_o assault_n corona_n and_o so_o we_o read_v oftentimes_o this_o phrase_n cingere_fw-la urbem_fw-la corona_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o soldier_n enclose_v the_o town_n with_o a_o circle_n and_o so_o resemble_v a_o crown_n or_o garland_n ammianus_n speak_v of_o a_o triple_a crown_n of_o soldier_n which_o encompass_v a_o town_n and_o josephus_n tell_v of_o jotapata_n which_o the_o roman_n besiege_v duplici_fw-la peditum_fw-la corona_fw-la with_o a_o double_a circle_n of_o footman_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v a_o three_o circle_n of_o horseman_n outmost_a of_o all_o there_o be_v no_o further_a matter_n to_o be_v observe_v but_o this_o that_o in_o surprise_v a_o town_n they_o encircle_v it_o round_o about_o with_o thick_a continue_a rank_n of_o man_n and_o where_o they_o find_v the_o wall_n weak_a there_o they_o enter_v as_o they_o can_v the_o second_o observation_n the_o testudo_fw-la require_v a_o large_a discourse_n and_o be_v lively_o describe_v in_o livy_n after_o this_o manner_n describe_v in_o the_o amphitheatre_n 44._o where_o the_o people_n do_v often_o assemble_v to_o see_v strange_a sight_n and_o public_a show_n be_v bring_v in_o say_v he_o sixty_o lusty_a young_a man_n who_o after_o some_o motion_n and_o seemly_a march_n cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o square_a troup_n and_o roof_v their_o head_n close_o with_o their_o target_n the_o first_o rank_n which_o make_v the_o front_n of_o the_o testudo_fw-la stand_v up_o right_a on_o their_o foot_n the_o second_o rank_n bow_v itself_o somewhat_o low_a the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n do_v more_o incline_v themselves_o and_o so_o consequent_o unto_o the_o last_o rank_n which_o kneel_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o they_o make_v a_o body_n resemble_v half_o the_o side_n of_o a_o house_n which_o they_o call_v testudo_fw-la unto_o this_o squadron_n so_o strong_o combine_v together_o come_v two_o soldier_n run_v some_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o foot_n off_o and_o threaten_v each_o other_o with_o their_o weapon_n run_v nimble_o up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o roof_n and_o sometime_o make_v as_o though_o they_o will_v defend_v it_o against_o a_o enemy_n that_o will_v have_v enter_v upon_o it_o sometime_o again_o encounter_v each_o other_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o as_o steady_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v upon_o firm_a ground_n and_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a the_o front_n of_o a_o testudo_fw-la be_v apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wall_n there_o ascend_v many_o arm_a man_n upon_o the_o say_v testudo_fw-la and_o fight_v in_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o other_o soldier_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o say_a wall_n to_o defend_v it_o the_o dissimilitude_n in_o the_o composition_n be_v this_o that_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o front_n and_o in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n carry_v not_o their_o target_n over_o their_o head_n as_o the_o other_o do_v but_o cover_v their_o body_n with_o they_o and_o so_o no_o weapon_n either_o cast_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o otherwise_o throw_v against_o it_o can_v any_o way_n hurt_v they_o and_o whatsoever_o weight_n fall_v upon_o the_o testudo_fw-la it_o quick_o glide_v down_o by_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o roof_n without_o any_o hurt_n or_o annoyance_n at_o all_o thus_o far_o livy_n go_v neither_o do_v i_o know_v what_o to_o say_v further_o of_o it_o the_o chief_a use_n thereof_o be_v in_o a_o surprise_n or_o sudden_a attempt_n against_o a_o town_n before_o the_o townsman_n be_v thorough_o prepare_v to_o defend_v the_o same_o this_o invention_n serve_v they_o to_o approach_v the_o wall_n with_o safety_n and_o so_o either_o to_o undermine_v it_o or_o to_o climb_v up_o and_o to_o that_o end_n they_o oftentimes_o erect_v one_o testudo_fw-la
off_o to_o get_v turf_n and_o matter_n for_o the_o rampire_n to_o be_v send_v for_o the_o battle_n to_o be_v order_v his_o man_n to_o be_v encourage_v and_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n to_o be_v give_v the_o most_o of_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o the_o sudden_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o observation_n as_o the_o roman_n excel_v all_o other_o nation_n in_o many_o good_a custom_n it_o so_o especial_o in_o their_o camp-discipline_n they_o strive_v to_o be_v singular_a for_o it_o seem_v rather_o a_o academy_n or_o a_o city_n of_o civil_a government_n than_o a_o camp_n of_o soldier_n so_o careful_a be_v they_o both_o for_o the_o safety_n and_o skilful_a experience_n of_o their_o man_n at_o arms._n for_o touch_v the_o first_o they_o never_o suffer_v their_o soldier_n to_o lodge_v one_o night_n without_o a_o camp_n wherein_o they_o be_v enclose_v with_o ditch_n and_o rampire_n as_o in_o a_o wall_a town_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o new_a invention_n or_o late_o find_v out_o custom_n in_o their_o state_n but_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o king_n their_o manner_n of_o encamp_v be_v include_v within_o these_o circumstance_n porta_n praetoria_n the_o roman_a camp_n porta_n dceumana_n the_o general_n tent_n be_v thus_o place_v legion_n they_o consider_v which_o side_n of_o the_o pavilion_n lie_v most_o commodious_a for_o forage_v and_o water_n and_o on_o that_o side_n they_o lodge_v the_o legion_n every_o legion_n divide_v one_o from_o another_o by_o a_o street_n or_o lane_n of_o fifty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o honour_n that_o every_o legion_n have_v in_o the_o army_n so_o be_v they_o lodge_v in_o the_o camp_n either_o in_o the_o midst_n which_o be_v count_v most_o honourable_a or_o towards_o the_o side_n which_o be_v of_o mean_a reputation_n and_o again_o according_a to_o the_o place_n of_o every_o cohort_n in_o his_o legion_n so_o be_v it_o lodge_v near_o the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o emperor_n towards_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o so_o consequent_o every_o maniple_n take_v place_n in_o the_o cohort_n distinguish_v their_o preeminence_n by_o lodging_n they_o either_o towards_o the_o middle_n or_o to_o the_o outsideward_n according_a as_o they_o distinguish_v the_o place_n of_o their_o legion_n there_o go_v a_o street_n of_o fifty_o in_o breadth_n overthwart_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o the_o legion_n quintana_n which_o be_v call_v quintana_n for_o that_o it_o divide_v the_o five_o cohort_n of_o every_o legion_n from_o the_o six_o between_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o first_o maniple_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o the_o praetorium_n there_o go_v a_o way_n of_o a_o hundred_o foot_n in_o breadth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a camp_n principia_fw-la which_o be_v call_v principia_fw-la in_o this_o place_n the_o tribune_n sit_v to_o hear_v matter_n of_o justice_n the_o soldier_n exercise_v themselves_o at_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o leader_n and_o chief_a commander_n frequent_v it_o be_v as_o a_o public_a place_n of_o meeting_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o reverend_a and_o sacred_a place_n and_o so_o keep_v with_o a_o correspondent_a decency_n on_o either_o side_n the_o emperor_n pavilion_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n to_o make_v even_o and_o straight_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o principia_fw-la the_o tribune_n have_v their_o tent_n pitch_v tribune_n every_o tribune_n confront_v the_o head_n of_o the_o legion_n whereof_o he_o be_v tribune_n above_o they_o towards_o the_o head_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v the_o legate_n and_o treasurer_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v strengthen_v with_o some_o select_a cohort_n and_o troop_n of_o horse_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o army_n polybius_n describe_v the_o manner_n of_o encamp_v which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o his_o time_n when_o as_o they_o have_v common_o but_o two_o legion_n in_o their_o army_n with_o as_o many_o associate_n place_v the_o ablecti_fw-la and_o extraordinarii_fw-la which_o be_v select_a band_n and_o company_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o associate_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n that_o compass_v the_o whole_a camp_n about_o rampire_n be_v two_o hundred_o foot_n distant_a from_o any_o tent_n whereof_o polybius_n give_v these_o reason_n first_o that_o the_o soldier_n march_v into_o the_o camp_n in_o battle_n array_n may_v there_o dissolve_v themselves_o into_o maniple_n century_n and_o decury_n without_o tumult_n or_o confusion_n for_o order_n be_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o principal_o respect_v as_o the_o life_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o martial_a body_n and_o again_o if_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o sally_v out_o upon_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v very_o convenient_o in_o that_o spacious_a room_n put_v themselves_o into_o company_n and_o troop_n and_o if_o they_o be_v assault_v in_o the_o night_n the_o dart_n and_o firework_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v cast_v into_o their_o camp_n will_v little_o indamage_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o tent_n their_o tent_n be_v all_o of_o skin_n and_o hide_v hold_v up_o with_o prop_n and_o fasten_v with_o rope_n there_o be_v eleven_o soldier_n as_o vegetius_n say_v in_o every_o tent_n contubernium_fw-la and_o that_o society_n be_v call_v contubernium_fw-la of_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v name_v decanus_n or_o caput_fw-la contubernii_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n be_v make_v by_o the_o legion_n rampire_n every_o maniple_n have_v his_o part_n measure_v out_o and_o every_o centurion_n overseeing_a his_o century_n the_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n belong_v to_o the_o tribune_n their_o manner_n of_o entrench_v be_v this_o the_o soldier_n be_v gird_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o dagger_n dig_v the_o ditch_n about_o the_o camp_n which_o be_v always_o eight_o foot_n in_o breadth_n at_o the_o least_o and_o as_o much_o in_o depth_n cast_v the_o earth_n thereof_o inward_a but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o far_o off_o the_o ditch_n be_v always_o eleven_o or_o fifteen_o or_o eighteen_o foot_n in_o latitude_n and_o altitude_n according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o general_n but_o what_o scantling_n soever_o be_v keep_v the_o ditch_n be_v make_v directis_fw-la lateribus_fw-la that_o be_v as_o broad_a in_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n the_o rampire_n from_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v three_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o sometime_o four_o make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o wall_n with_o green_a turf_n cut_v all_o to_o one_o measure_n half_o a_o foot_n in_o thickness_n a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o if_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v encamp_v will_v afford_v no_o such_o turf_n they_o then_o strengthen_v the_o loose_a earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n with_o bough_n and_o faggot_n that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_a and_o well-fastened_n the_o rampire_n they_o proper_o call_v agger_fw-la agger_fw-la the_o outside_n whereof_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o ditch_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v with_o thick_a and_o sharp_a stake_n fasten_v deep_a in_o the_o mound_n that_o they_o may_v be_v firm_a and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v fork_a stake_n which_o make_v the_o rampire_n very_o strong_a and_o not_o to_o be_v assault_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n varro_n say_v that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o rampire_n thus_o stick_v with_o stake_n vallum_n be_v call_v vallum_fw-la a_o varicando_fw-la for_o that_o no_o man_n can_v stride_v or_o get_v over_o it_o the_o camp_n have_v four_o gate_n the_o first_o be_v call_v praetoria_fw-la porte_fw-fr porta_fw-la which_o be_v always_o behind_o the_o emperor_n tent_n and_o this_o gate_n do_v usual_o look_v either_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o that_o way_n that_o the_o army_n be_v to_o march_v the_o gate_n on_o the_o otherside_n of_o the_o camp_n opposite_a to_o this_o be_v call_v portae_n decumana_fw-la decumana_fw-la a_o decimis_fw-la cohortibus_fw-la for_o the_o ten_o or_o last_o cohort_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v lodge_v to_o confront_v this_o gate_n by_o this_o gate_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o fetch_v their_o wood_n their_o water_n and_o their_o forage_n and_o this_o way_n their_o offender_n be_v carry_v to_o execution_n the_o other_o two_o gate_n be_v call_v portae_n principales_fw-la principales_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o they_o stand_v opposite_a to_o either_o end_n of_o that_o so_o much_o respect_v place_n which_o they_o call_v principia_fw-la dextra_fw-la only_o distinguish_v by_o these_o title_n laeva_fw-la principalis_fw-la and_o dextra_fw-la the_o left_a and_o the_o right-hand_a principal_a gate_n all_o these_o gate_n be_v shut_v with_o door_n and_o in_o stand_v camp_n fortify_v with_o turret_n upon_o
first_o meet_v withal_o there_o they_o stay_v lest_o in_o seek_v out_o their_o own_o company_n they_o shall_v lose_v that_o time_n as_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o fight_v the_o army_n be_v imbattel_v rather_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n the_o declivity_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o brevity_n of_o time_n then_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o the_o legion_n encounter_v the_o enemy_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o once_o the_o perfect_a view_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v hinder_v by_o those_o thick_a hedge_n before_o speak_v of_o there_o can_v no_o succour_n be_v place_v any_o where_o neither_o can_v any_o man_n see_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o in_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n of_o thing_n there_o happen_v divers_a casualty_n of_o fortune_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o legion_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o army_n cast_v their_o pile_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o hill_n do_v drive_v the_o atrebates_n breathless_a with_o run_v and_o wound_v in_o the_o encounter_n down_o into_o the_o river_n and_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n slay_v many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o sword_n neither_o do_v they_o stick_v to_o follow_v after_o they_o over_o the_o river_n and_o adventure_v into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v renew_v again_o by_o the_o enemy_n they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v the_o second_o time_n in_o like_a manner_n two_o other_o legion_n the_o eleven_o and_o the_o eight_o have_v put_v the_o veromandui_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n fight_v with_o they_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o the_o front_n and_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v wellnear_o leave_v naked_a for_o in_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v the_o twelve_o and_o seven_o legion_n whereas_o all_o the_o nervii_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boduognatus_n be_v heap_v together_o and_o some_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o assault_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o open_a side_n and_o other_o some_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o the_o light-armed_n footman_n that_o be_v intermingle_v among_o they_o and_o be_v at_o first_o all_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o camp_n meet_v with_o their_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n and_o so_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v out_o another_o way_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o page_n and_o soldier_n boy_n that_o from_o the_o decumane_a port_n and_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n have_v see_v the_o ten_o legion_n follow_v their_o enemy_n in_o pursuit_n over_o the_o river_n and_o be_v go_v out_o to_o gather_v pillage_n when_o they_o look_v behind_o they_o and_o see_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o heel_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n rise_v a_o great_a hubbub_n and_o outcry_n of_o those_o that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o carriage_n who_o be_v extreme_o trouble_v and_o dismay_v at_o the_o business_n run_v some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o which_o accident_n so_o terrify_v the_o horseman_n of_o the_o treviri_n who_o for_o their_o prowess_n be_v repute_v singular_a among_o the_o gall_n and_o be_v send_v thither_o by_o their_o state_n to_o aid_v the_o roman_n first_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o roman_a camp_n to_o be_v poss_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o legion_n to_o be_v overcharge_v and_o almost_o enclose_v about_o the_o horseman_n slinger_n and_o numidian_n to_o be_v disperse_v and_o flee_v that_o without_o any_o further_a expectation_n they_o take_v their_o way_n homeward_o and_o report_v to_o their_o state_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v utter_o overthrow_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n have_v take_v their_o carriage_n caesar_n depart_v from_o the_o ten_o legion_n to_o the_o right_a cornet_n find_v his_o man_n exceed_o overcharge_v the_o ensign_n crowd_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o twelve_o legion_n so_o thick_o throng_v on_o a_o heap_n that_o they_o hinder_v one_o another_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o four_o cohort_n be_v slay_v the_o ensign-bearer_n kill_v and_o the_o ensign_n take_v and_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o other_o cohort_n either_o slay_v or_o sore_o wound_v among_o who_o pub._n sextus_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n so_o grievous_o wound_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n the_o rest_n not_o very_o forward_o but_o many_o of_o the_o hindmost_a turn_v tail_n and_o forsake_v the_o field_n the_o enemy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o side_n give_v no_o respite_n in_o front_n although_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o hill_n nor_o yet_o spare_v the_o open_a side_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v to_o a_o narrow_a issue_n without_o any_o mean_n or_o succour_n to_o relieve_v they_o he_o take_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o the_o hindmost_a soldier_n for_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v thither_o without_o one_o and_o press_v to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n call_v the_o centurion_n by_o name_n and_o encourage_v the_o rest_n command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o maniple_n to_o be_v enlarge_v that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a facility_n and_o readiness_n use_v their_o sword_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o publius_n sextus_n baculus_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o twelve_o legion_n primipile_n be_v the_o first_o centurion_n of_o that_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarn_n that_o be_v of_o the_o first_o cohort_n in_o that_o legion_n for_o that_o place_n be_v the_o great_a dignity_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o centurion_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o centurio_n primipili_fw-la or_o simple_o primipilus_fw-la and_o sometime_o primiopilus_n or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n by_o he_o be_v common_o publish_v the_o mandate_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o tribune_n and_o therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centurion_n at_o all_o time_n have_v a_o eye_n unto_o he_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v the_o peculiar_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o carry_v in_o his_o maniple_n neither_o be_v this_o dignity_n without_o special_a commodity_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o divers_a author_n we_o read_v far_o that_o it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n for_o a_o tribune_n after_o his_o tribuneship_n be_v expire_v to_o be_v a_o primipile_n in_o a_o legion_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o occasion_n that_o no_o tribune_n shall_v afterward_o be_v primipile_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o office_n and_o title_n of_o p._n s._n baculus_fw-la the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o target_n any_o honour_n i_o may_v describe_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v it_o in_o caesar_n hand_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o much_o honour_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o polybius_n make_v the_o target_n to_o contain_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n overthwart_o the_o convex_a surface_n thereof_o and_o the_o length_n four_o foot_n of_o what_o form_n or_o fashion_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o for_o the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o target_n among_o their_o legionary_n the_o first_o carry_v the_o proportion_n of_o that_o figure_n which_o the_o geometrician_n call_v oval_a a_o figure_n of_o a_o unequal_a latitude_n broad_a in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o narrow_a at_o both_o the_o end_n like_v unto_o a_o egg_n describe_v in_o plano_fw-la the_o other_o sort_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a latitude_n and_o resemble_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o gutter-tile_n and_o thereupon_o be_v call_v scutum_fw-la imbricatum_fw-la the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o target_n be_v make_v be_v a_o double_a board_n one_o fasten_v upon_o another_o with_o lint_n and_o bull_n glue_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o ox_n hide_v or_o some_o other_o stiff_a leather_n the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o target_n be_v bind_v about_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o iron_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cleave_v and_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v a_o boss_n of_o iron_n or_o brass_n which_o they_o call_v umbo_n romulus_n bring_v they_o in_o first_o among_o the_o roman_n take_v the_o use_n of_o they_o from_o the_o sabine_n the_o wood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o sallow_a olde_n or_o figtree_n 40._o whereof_o pliny_n give_v this_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o these_o tree_n be_v cold_a and_o waterish_a and_o therefore_o any_o blow_n or_o thrust_v that_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o wood_n be_v present_o contract_v and_o shut_v up_o again_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o
force_n follow_v after_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n intend_v to_o land_n caesar_n find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a to_o land_v his_o man_n for_o these_o respect_n the_o ship_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v near_o unto_o the_o shore_n the_o soldier_n in_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n have_v their_o hand_n lade_v with_o great_a and_o heavy_a weapon_n be_v at_o one_o instant_a to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o billow_n and_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n whereas_o the_o britain_n either_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n or_o make_v short_a sally_n into_o the_o water_n do_v bold_o cast_v their_o weapon_n in_o know_v and_o frequent_v place_n and_o manage_v their_o horse_n accustom_v to_o such_o service_n the_o roman_n be_v terrify_v with_o these_o thing_n and_o altogether_o unskilful_a of_o this_o kind_n of_o fight_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o courage_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o land-service_n which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o galley_n that_o be_v both_o strange_a to_o the_o britain_n &_o ready_a for_o use_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o shâ—ps_n of_o burden_n and_o to_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o and_o lay_v against_o the_o open_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o from_o thence_o with_o sling_n engine_n and_o arrow_n the_o enemy_n may_v be_v beat_v up_o from_o the_o water_n side_n which_o stand_v the_o roman_n in_o good_a stead_n for_o the_o britain_n be_v trouble_v with_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o galley_n the_o motion_n of_o their_o oar_n and_o the_o unusual_a kind_n of_o engine_n be_v somewhat_o dismay_v and_o begin_v to_o retire_v back_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o soldier_n still_o linger_a and_o especial_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o eagle-bearer_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n desire_v the_o god_n that_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o happy_o to_o the_o legion_n if_o you_o will_v say_v he_o forsake_v your_o eagle_n o_o you_o soldier_n and_o betray_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v do_v my_o duty_n both_o to_o the_o commonweal_n and_o to_o my_o imperator_n and_o hauâ—ng_v speak_v this_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v the_o eagle_n towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o roman_n exhort_v one_o another_o not_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o dishonour_n to_o be_v commit_v they_o all_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o when_o other_o that_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n perceive_v they_o follow_v they_o with_o as_o great_a alacrity_n and_o press_v towards_o the_o enemy_n to_o encounter_v with_o they_o the_o fight_n on_o both_o part_n be_v very_o eager_a the_o roman_n not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v any_o order_n of_o battle_n nor_o to_o get_v any_o firm_a foot_n nor_o to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o man_n keep_v with_o those_o ensign_n which_o he_o first_o meet_v withal_o be_v wonderful_o trouble_v but_o the_o enemy_n acquaint_v with_o the_o flat_n and_o shallows_o as_o they_o behold_v they_o from_o the_o shore_n to_o come_v single_a out_o of_o their_o ship_n put_v spur_n to_o their_o horse_n will_v set_v upon_o they_o encumber_v and_o unprepared_a and_o many_o of_o they_o will_v over-lay_a a_o few_o other_o will_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o open_a side_n and_o cast_v their_o weapon_n among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o they_o which_o when_o caesar_n perceive_v he_o cause_v the_o shipboat_n and_o small_a vessel_n to_o be_v man_v with_o soldier_n and_o where_o he_o see_v need_n of_o help_n he_o send_v they_o to_o rescue_v such_o as_o be_v overcharge_v assoon_o as_o the_o roman_n get_v foot_v on_o the_o firm_a land_n they_o make_v head_n together_o and_o charge_v the_o enemy_n and_o so_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n but_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o follow_v they_o nor_o take_v the_o island_n at_o that_o time_n for_o want_v of_o horseman_n which_o thing_n be_v only_o want_v to_o caesar_n wont_a fortune_n the_o five_o observation_n upon_o this_o circumstance_n of_o land_v i_o may_v just_o take_v occasion_n to_o handle_v that_o controversy_n which_o have_v be_v often_o debate_v by_o our_o english_a captain_n which_o be_v whether_o be_v be_v better_a in_o question_n of_o a_o invasion_n and_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o our_o ship_n to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n upon_o our_o coast_n or_o quiet_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o set_v his_o man_n on_o shore_n and_o retire_v our_o force_n into_o some_o inland_n place_n and_o there_o attend_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n it_o seem_v that_o such_o as_o first_o set_v this_o question_n on_o foot_n and_o be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n to_o encounter_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n for_o so_o we_o may_v much_o endanger_v ourselves_o and_o our_o country_n do_v ground_n themselves_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr langey_a not_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o island_n and_o a_o continent_n for_o where_o he_o set_v down_o that_o position_n he_o plain_o aim_v at_o such_o prince_n as_o border_v one_o upon_o another_o in_o the_o same_o continent_n but_o where_o their_o territory_n be_v disjoin_v by_o so_o great_a a_o bar_n as_o the_o ocean_n &_o they_o have_v not_o such_o mean_n to_o surprise_v one_o another_o it_o be_v mere_a folly_n to_o hold_v good_a that_o rule_n as_o shall_v better_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o will_v first_o lay_v down_o the_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v urge_v to_o prove_v it_o unsafe_a to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n not_o as_o be_v urge_v by_o that_o party_n for_o i_o never_o hear_v any_o probable_a motive_n from_o they_o which_o may_v induce_v any_o such_o opinion_n but_o set_v down_o by_o such_o as_o have_v look_v into_o the_o controversy_n both_o with_o experience_n and_o good_a judgement_n and_o first_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o place_n as_o of_o time_n for_o be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n he_o will_v attempt_v a_o land_n we_o must_v either_o defend_v all_o place_n of_o access_n or_o our_o intention_n will_v prove_v more_o frivolous_a and_o to_o perform_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n be_v sufficient_a according_a to_o the_o particular_a quality_n of_o every_o place_n subject_n to_o danger_n which_o consider_v the_o large_a extension_n of_o our_o maritime_a part_n and_o the_o many_o landing-place_n on_o our_o coast_n will_v require_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n than_o this_o island_n can_v afford_v and_o although_o it_o can_v furnish_v such_o a_o competent_a number_n as_o may_v seem_v in_o some_o sort_n sufficient_a yet_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o enemy_n arrival_n will_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v lodge_v either_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n many_o day_n at_o least_o if_o not_o many_o week_n before_o the_o instant_n of_o their_o attempt_n which_o will_v exhaust_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o treasure_n then_o can_v be_v well_o afford_v by_o the_o state_n second_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o all_o our_o landing-place_n be_v of_o such_o disadvantage_n for_o the_o defendant_n that_o it_o be_v no_o safety_n at_o all_o to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o at_o the_o land_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o such_o place_n be_v open_a and_o plain_a they_o yield_v no_o commodity_n to_o shelter_v the_o defendant_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o artillery_n wherewith_o the_o enemy_n will_v plentiful_o furnish_v their_o long_a boat_n and_o land_a vessel_n which_o beat_v upon_o the_o beach_n for_o most_o of_o our_o landing-place_n be_v of_o that_o quality_n will_v so_o scatter_v they_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o inconvenience_n thereof_o the_o three_o objection_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o disparity_n both_o of_o number_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o force_n of_o either_o party_n for_o the_o first_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o guard_v so_o many_o place_n at_o once_o can_v furnish_v such_o number_n to_o every_o particular_a place_n for_o defence_n as_o the_o assailant_n may_v for_o offence_n concern_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o force_n it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o a_o great_a and_o potent_a prince_n for_o such_o a_o one_o it_o must_v be_v that_o undertake_v to_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o so_o absolute_a and_o well-obeyed_n a_o princess_n as_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v draw_v out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o soldiery_n wheresoever_o beside_o the_o gaâ—â—ant_a troop_n of_o voluntary_n which_o do_v common_o attend_v
roman_a valour_n he_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o man_n to_o hazard_v themselves_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o a_o bog_n of_o fifty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n lie_v between_o both_o the_o army_n but_o rather_o persuade_v his_o soldier_n disdain_v the_o confrontment_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o endure_v their_o contumely_n rather_o than_o to_o buy_v a_o victory_n with_o the_o danger_n of_o so_o many_o worthy_a man_n and_o patient_o to_o attend_v some_o further_a opportunity_n which_o passage_n of_o caesar_n even_o in_o the_o say_a term_n as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v be_v urge_v to_o good_a purpose_n by_o sir_n francis_n vere_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o at_o a_o consultation_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n newport_n for_o the_o army_n of_o the_o netherlander_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o down_n which_o be_v small_a swell_a hill_n rise_v uneven_o along_o the_o sea_n shore_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o enemy_n make_v a_o stand_n upon_o the_o sand_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o hill_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o the_o passage_n to_o osâ—end_n it_o be_v dispute_v by_o the_o commander_n whether_o they_o shall_v leave_v the_o down_n and_o go_v charge_v the_o enemy_n where_o he_o stand_v imbattel_v upon_o the_o sand_n or_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o fastness_n of_o the_o down_n whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v the_o whole_a council_n of_o war_n be_v earnest_o bend_v to_o forsake_v the_o down_n and_o to_o hazard_v the_o fight_n on_o equal_a term_n as_o impatient_a that_o their_o passage_n and_o retreat_n to_o ostend_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o but_o sir_n francis_n vere_n well_o know_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o business_n of_o that_o day_n to_o hold_v a_o place_n of_o such_o gain_n and_o advantage_n persuade_v count_n maurice_n by_o many_o reason_n and_o special_o by_o this_o of_o caesar_n which_o i_o last_o allege_v not_o to_o forgo_v the_o help_n of_o the_o down_n but_o to_o expect_v the_o enemy_n in_o that_o place_n and_o so_o make_v use_n of_o that_o benefit_n upon_o the_o first_o encounter_n rather_o than_o to_o adventure_v the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o worse_a term_n in_o hope_n of_o clear_v the_o passage_n and_o show_v also_o many_o probable_a conjecture_n that_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o gaze_n wherein_o as_o his_o opinion_n then_o prevail_v so_o all_o that_o be_v present_a be_v eye-witness_n both_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o conjecture_n and_o the_o soundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n for_o the_o enemy_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v on_o to_o charge_v the_o troop_n of_o the_o state_n be_v receive_v with_o such_o a_o counterbuff_n from_o the_o hill_n and_o be_v violent_o beat_v back_o in_o such_o rude_a manner_n as_o our_o man_n have_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n or_o more_o which_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o the_o fortune_n of_o that_o day_n touch_v the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n which_o pindarus_n call_v the_o mother_n of_o worthy_a exploit_n and_o oftentimes_o depend_v upon_o the_o circumstance_n of_o place_n a_o general_n ought_v careful_o to_o advise_v that_o he_o neither_o precipitate_v nor_o foreslow_v the_o occasion_n which_o be_v well_o express_v in_o this_o particular_a service_n of_o labienus_n for_o where_o his_o purpose_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o enemy_n over_o a_o river_n that_o have_v steep_a and_o uneasy_a bank_n and_o thereby_o of_o a_o hard_a and_o difficult_a passage_n he_o will_v not_o show_v his_o resolution_n until_o he_o have_v draw_v they_o all_o over_o the_o river_n for_o he_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n will_v so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o unresistable_a weight_n of_o their_o pile_n that_o in_o their_o give_v back_o they_o can_v not_o escape_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v the_o victory_n more_o absolute_a and_o complete_a he_o suffer_v they_o all_o to_o come_v over_o the_o water_n that_o all_o may_v be_v endanger_v in_o their_o passage_n back_o again_o and_o this_o be_v the_o benefit_n which_o opportunity_n bring_v which_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v attend_v with_o all_o carefulness_n forasmuch_o as_o non_fw-la saepe_fw-la ac_fw-la dâ—u_fw-la eadem_fw-la occasio_fw-la est_fw-la a_o man_n have_v neither_o often_o nor_o long_v the_o same_o opportunity_n concern_v the_o last_o circumstance_n of_o the_o apt_a and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o force_n according_a to_o time_n and_o place_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v in_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o general_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o end_n only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v range_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o as_o one_o man_n be_v assistant_n to_o another_o in_o their_o several_a file_n and_o rank_n so_o one_o troup_n may_v be_v in_o subsidiis_fw-la assistant_n to_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o part_n may_v stand_v naked_a or_o fall_v in_o the_o singleness_n of_o its_o own_o strength_n but_o that_o one_o may_v second_v another_o from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o last_o c._n sempronâ—us_o a_o roman_a consul_n have_v fight_v unadvised_o and_o receive_v a_o overthrow_n julius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n cause_v tempanius_n a_o horseman_n that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o battle_n to_o be_v call_v and_o as_o livy_n report_v it_o coram_fw-la eye_n sexte_n tempani_fw-la inquit_fw-la arbitreris_fw-la ne_fw-la c._n sempronium_n consulem_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la pugnam_fw-la intisse_fw-la aut_fw-la firmasse_n subsidiis_fw-la aciem_fw-la he_o say_v thus_o before_o they_o sextus_n tempanius_n do_v you_o believe_v that_o c._n sempronius_n the_o consul_n choose_v a_o good_a time_n to_o fight_v or_o that_o he_o take_v order_n for_o assistant_n supply_v to_o his_o army_n for_o livy_n say_v he_o fight_v incaute_fw-la inconsulteque_fw-la non_fw-la subsidiis_fw-la firmata_fw-la acie_n non_fw-fr equite_v apt_a locato_fw-la heedless_o and_o without_o good_a advice_n neither_o strengthen_v his_o army_n with_o supply_n nor_o well_o place_v his_o cavalry_n and_o of_o these_o three_o circumstance_n consist_v the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o a_o general_n touch_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o battle_n wherein_o whosoever_o fail_v do_v hazard_v the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o command_n over_o that_o army_n whic_n he_o lead_v according_a to_o that_o of_o caesar_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o commentary_n se_fw-la scire_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la exercitus_fw-la dicto_fw-la audience_n non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la aut_fw-la male_a re_fw-la gesta_fw-la fortunam_fw-la defuisse_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la facinore_fw-la comperto_fw-la avaritiae_fw-la esse_fw-la convictum_fw-la that_o he_o know_v well_o whensoever_o a_o army_n refuse_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o their_o commander_n it_o be_v either_o because_o upon_o some_o ill_a success_n they_o see_v he_o be_v unfortunate_a or_o that_o by_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o notorious_a matter_n they_o find_v he_o convict_v of_o avarice_n which_o caesar_n himself_o need_v not_o to_o fear_v if_o we_o may_v believe_v plutarch_n caesar_n who_o write_v that_o he_o be_v endow_v by_o nature_n with_o a_o excellent_a promptitude_n and_o aptness_n to_o take_v opportunity_n in_o any_o business_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o insist_v a_o little_a upon_o this_o noise_n or_o shout_n which_o the_o soldier_n take_v up_o in_o the_o instant_n of_o the_o charge_n assault_v and_o be_v relate_v in_o this_o place_n as_o a_o material_a point_n in_o their_o carriage_n at_o this_o service_n a_o matter_n ancient_a and_o usual_a in_o the_o roman_a army_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o king_n as_o their_o first_o consul_n fusi_n primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la &_o clamoro_fw-la host_n the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v at_o the_o first_o onset_n and_o shout_n 1._o say_v livy_n concern_v romulus_n 2._o and_o not_o long_o after_o consul_n nec_fw-la promovit_fw-la aciem_fw-la nec_fw-la clamorem_fw-la reddi_fw-la passus_fw-la the_o consul_n neither_o march_v his_o army_n forward_o nor_o suffer_v they_o at_o all_o to_o shout_n caesar_n in_o the_o censure_n which_o he_o gâ—ve_v concern_v pompey_n his_o direction_n for_o the_o battle_n at_o pharsalia_n 3._o do_v express_v a_o double_a use_n of_o this_o clamour_n or_o shout_n civil_a first_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o second_o the_o encouragement_n or_o assurance_n of_o themselves_o est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la animi_fw-la incitatio_fw-la say_v he_o atque_fw-la alacritas_fw-la naturaliter_fw-la innata_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la study_n pugnae_fw-la incenditur_fw-la hanc_fw-la non_fw-la reprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la augere_fw-la imperaâ—ores_fw-la debent_fw-la neque_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ant_n cue_n tus_fw-la institutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la signa_fw-la und_fw-ge que_fw-la concinerent_fw-la clamorem_fw-la universi_fw-la tollerent_fw-la quibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la &_o host_n terreri_fw-la &_o suos_fw-la incitari_fw-la existimaverunt_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a raise_n and_o chearfulnesse_n of_o the_o mind_n imbred_a natural_o in_o all_o
therefore_o they_o may_v well_o go_v together_o to_o make_v a_o triplicity_n of_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o say_n ignis_fw-la mare_fw-la populus_fw-la tria_fw-la mala_fw-la fire_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o rabble_n multitude_n be_v three_o evil_n vercingetorix_n have_v both_o his_o hand_n full_a in_o this_o service_n for_o his_o care_n be_v no_o less_o to_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o be_v distaste_v then_o to_o make_v his_o party_n good_a against_o caesar_n it_o be_v dispute_v touch_v the_o government_n of_o a_o multitude_n whether_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v severe_a or_o obsequious_a multitude_n tacitus_n say_v peremptory_o that_o in_o multitudine_fw-la regenda_fw-la plus_fw-la poena_fw-la quam_fw-la obsequium_fw-la valet_fw-la foul_a mean_n do_v more_o than_o fair_a to_o the_o govern_n of_o a_o multitude_n but_o he_o understand_v such_o a_o multitude_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o commander_n either_o by_o ancient_a service_n or_o the_o interest_n of_o regal_a authority_n whereby_o they_o be_v tie_v to_o obedience_n by_o hereditary_a duty_n and_o can_v refuse_v that_o which_o custom_n prescribe_v for_o otherwise_o where_o the_o people_n stand_v free_a from_o such_o bond_n and_o have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o government_n for_o some_o special_a service_n there_o clemency_n or_o obsequious_a smooth_a prevail_v more_o than_o the_o severity_n of_o command_n according_a to_o the_o say_n homines_fw-la duci_fw-la volunt_fw-la non_fw-la cogi_fw-la man_n will_v be_v lead_v by_o fair_a mean_n not_o compel_v upon_o a_o dissension_n which_o happen_v at_o rome_n between_o the_o people_n and_o the_o senate_n the_o people_n be_v present_o send_v into_o the_o field_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o two_o senator_n quintius_n and_o appius_n claudius_n appius_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o severity_n be_v not_o obey_v by_o his_o soldier_n but_o forsake_v his_o province_n and_o return_v non_fw-fr proficient_a they_o will_v do_v nothing_o quintius_n be_v courteous_a and_o benign_a have_v a_o obedient_a army_n and_o come_v home_o a_o conqueror_n in_o the_o like_a term_n do_v vercingetorix_n stand_v with_o the_o gall_n who_o not_o long_o before_o be_v all_o of_o equal_a authority_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o common_a cause_n have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o order_n and_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o carry_v himself_o according_o but_o with_o some_o cunning_n too_o for_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o abuse_v the_o beast_n and_o to_o present_v they_o with_o a_o lesson_n of_o deceit_n teach_v to_o servant_n and_o roman_a slave_n as_o the_o confession_n of_o legionarie_a soldier_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o a_o unruly_a multitude_n who_o have_v make_v as_o much_o use_n of_o the_o false_a rein_n as_o the_o bit_n or_o the_o spur_n or_o any_o other_o help_v belong_v to_o that_o art_n chap._n xi_o caesar_n continue_v the_o siege_n at_o avaricum_n and_o describe_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n in_o gallia_n by_o the_o singular_a valour_n of_o our_o soldier_n all_o the_o counsel_n and_o device_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v make_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n caesar_n for_o they_o be_v a_o nation_n of_o great_a dexterity_n apt_a to_o imitate_v and_o make_v any_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v other_o man_n do_v before_o they_o for_o they_o turn_v aside_o the_o hook_n with_o rope_n and_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o town_n with_o engine_n they_o withdraw_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o mount_n with_o mine_n with_o their_o great_a skill_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o iron_n mine_n wherein_o they_o be_v much_o practise_v they_o set_v up_o tower_n upon_o every_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o raw_a hide_n they_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n night_n and_o day_n and_o either_o set_a fire_n to_o the_o mount_n or_o assault_v the_o soldier_n as_o they_o be_v at_o work_n they_o do_v every_o day_n make_v their_o tower_n equal_a to_o that_o height_n of_o our_o tower_n which_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o the_o mount_n have_v add_v to_o their_o height_n they_o hinder_v the_o open_a trench_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o approach_v the_o wall_n with_o sharp_a burn_a stake_n cast_v into_o they_o with_o hot_a pitch_n and_o with_o great_a stone_n all_o their_o wall_n be_v almost_o of_o this_o fashion_n long_o strait_a beam_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o equal_a distance_n of_o two_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o and_o bind_v together_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o fasten_v with_o great_a store_n of_o earth_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o beam_n be_v fill_v and_o fit_v with_o great_a stone_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o wall_n these_o be_v thus_o place_v and_o fasten_v with_o mortar_n another_o such_o a_o course_n be_v lay_v upon_o that_o keep_v always_o the_o same_o distance_n so_o as_o one_o beam_n be_v not_o lay_v upon_o another_o but_o in_o the_o second_o rank_n place_v they_o upon_o the_o distance_n fill_v up_o with_o stone_n and_o so_o forward_o until_o the_o wall_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o due_a height_n this_o fashion_n as_o it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o deform_v either_o in_o show_n or_o variety_n observe_v alternate_a course_n of_o beam_n and_o stone_n which_o keep_v their_o order_n by_o even_a line_n so_o be_v it_o profitable_a also_o and_o very_o much_o advantage_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n for_o as_o the_o stone_n keep_v it_o from_o burn_a so_o do_v the_o wood_n from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ram_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o beam_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n forty_o foot_n long_o and_o can_v neither_o be_v break_v nor_o pull_v out_o the_o first_o observation_n this_o chapter_n do_v in_o some_o part_n express_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o siege_n in_o ancient_a time_n town_n and_o the_o mean_n which_o the_o defendant_n have_v to_o frustrate_v the_o assault_n and_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n beside_o the_o ram_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o shake_v and_o overthrow_v the_o wall_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v they_o have_v common_o great_a hook_n of_o iron_n to_o catch_v hold_n of_o a_o turret_n and_o to_o pull_v it_o over_o the_o wall_n or_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o parapet_n or_o to_o disturb_v any_o work_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o wall_n these_o hook_n be_v use_v by_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o handle_v the_o ram_n and_o be_v avert_v and_o put_v off_o by_o the_o ingenious_a practice_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o rope_n cast_v and_o ensnare_v about_o they_o and_o then_o by_o force_n of_o engine_n draw_v into_o the_o town_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o open_a trench_n by_o which_o the_o roman_n make_v their_o approach_n to_o the_o wall_n be_v answer_v from_o the_o town_n with_o stake_n or_o pile_n harden_v at_o the_o end_n with_o fire_n and_o then_o cast_v into_o they_o to_o hinder_v such_o as_o be_v at_o work_n together_o with_o seethe_a pitch_n and_o great_a stone_n furthermore_o as_o the_o roman_n raise_v their_o mount_n and_o bring_v matter_n unto_o it_o to_o enlarge_v it_o in_o breadth_n and_o height_n so_o do_v the_o gall_n undermine_v it_o and_o draw_v the_o earth_n away_o or_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n to_o burn_v it_o for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o mount_n it_o be_v make_v as_o well_o with_o wood_n and_o timber_n as_o with_o earth_n and_o stone_n they_o strengthen_v their_o wall_n with_o turret_n and_o tower_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o raw_a hide_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o burn_a and_o as_o the_o roman_n mount_v in_o height_n with_o their_o turret_n and_o engine_n so_o the_o gall_n raise_v their_o tower_n answerable_a unto_o they_o that_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n they_o may_v sight_v with_o equal_a advantage_n and_o thus_o they_o proceed_v both_o in_o the_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a part_n as_o far_o as_o either_o valour_n or_o wit_n can_v improve_v those_o mean_n which_o be_v then_o in_o use_n in_o besiege_v a_o town_n the_o second_o observation_n it_o be_v the_o use_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o fortify_v their_o strong_a town_n with_o such_o wall_n as_o may_v make_v best_a defence_n against_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v touch_v the_o take_n and_o besiege_v of_o town_n so_o the_o gall_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o caesar_n raise_v their_o wall_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n lay_v in_o mutual_a course_n one_o with_o another_o that_o the_o wood_n may_v make_v void_a the_o violence_n of_o the_o ram_n and_o the_o stone_n keep_v it_o from_o burn_v with_o fire_n day_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o mean_n to_o assault_v and_o overthrow_v a_o wall_n in_o these_o time_n the_o wall_n of_o strong_a and_o fortify_v town_n be_v only_o make_v
and_o raise_v of_o earth_n as_o the_o best_a defence_n against_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o artillery_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o old_a manner_n of_o fortification_n be_v here_o in_o part_n deliver_v by_o caesar_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o have_v a_o word_n or_o two_o touch_v the_o fortification_n of_o these_o time_n and_o first_o touch_v the_o art_n itself_o define_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v a_o member_n of_o architecture_n but_o the_o end_n be_v military_a for_o to_o fortify_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v a_o building_n answerable_a to_o necessity_n and_o the_o occurrence_n of_o war_n neither_o be_v it_o the_o end_n of_o fortification_n to_o make_v a_o place_n inexpugnable_a or_o unpossible_a to_o be_v take_v for_o so_o it_o be_v ars_fw-la artium_fw-la but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o good_a and_o reasonable_a defence_n wheresoever_o then_o any_o such_o defence_n be_v require_v the_o mystery_n of_o fortification_n be_v to_o raise_v such_o a_o fort_n and_o to_o apply_v such_o a_o figure_n answer_v the_o quality_n and_o site_n of_o that_o place_n as_o may_v give_v great_a strength_n thereunto_o for_o as_o all_o place_n be_v not_o capable_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o best_a strength_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n so_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o strength_n between_o this_o and_o that_o figure_n and_o as_o the_o place_n want_v the_o advantage_n of_o motion_n and_o agility_n for_o its_o own_o defence_n so_o be_v it_o requisite_a it_o shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o best_a mean_n and_o commodity_n both_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o defend_v its_o own_o people_n fort_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n all_o circular_a form_n as_o compound_v of_o part_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v unfit_a for_o fortification_n for_o where_o a_o fort_n ought_v so_o to_o be_v dispose_v that_o it_o may_v have_v as_o many_o hand_n to_o strike_v as_o briarâ—us_n and_o as_o a_o hydra_n never_o to_o want_v a_o head_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v of_o different_a and_o unlike_a part_n as_o apt_a to_o work_v divers_a effect_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v a_o far_o off_o to_o command_v the_o country_n about_o as_o far_o as_o the_o artillery_n will_v play_v to_o stop_v the_o passage_n to_o hinder_v approach_n and_o assault_n to_o damnify_v the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n and_o far_o off_o sometime_o with_o the_o artillery_n sometime_o with_o small_a shot_n sometime_o with_o firework_n and_o other_o time_n by_o sally_n it_o have_v not_o that_o perfection_n as_o be_v requisite_a admit_v therefore_o composition_n of_o part_n fort_n next_o unto_o the_o circle_n the_o triangular_a fortress_n be_v most_o unperfect_a first_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o less_o capacity_n than_o any_o other_o of_o equal_a bound_n which_o be_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o a_o hold_n when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v pin_v up_o for_o want_n of_o room_n and_o through_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o place_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n second_o the_o bulwark_n of_o all_o such_o triangular_a fortress_n have_v always_o such_o sharp_a canton_n as_o be_v easy_o subject_a to_o break_v which_o give_v the_o enemy_n mean_v to_o approach_v they_o without_o disturbance_n from_o the_o fort_n the_o quadrangle_n fortress_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o imperfection_n of_o angle_n as_o the_o triangle_n have_v fort_n but_o be_v more_o spacious_a within_o and_o of_o great_a capacity_n and_o therefore_o pentagon_n or_o hexagon_n fortress_n or_o any_o other_o that_o have_v more_o angle_n be_v fit_a for_o fortification_n understand_v the_o place_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o they_o as_o be_v of_o a_o great_a content_n and_o have_v their_o angle_n more_o obtuse_a and_o by_o consequence_n more_o solid_a and_o strong_a a_o plain_a champain_n level_a do_v admit_v all_o sort_n of_o figure_n level_n and_o may_v take_v the_o best_a have_v these_o advantage_n advantage_n it_o easy_o hinder_v a_o enemy_n from_o approach_v near_o unto_o it_o or_o encamp_v before_o it_o and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o mine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o water_n rise_v in_o such_o level_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n disadvantage_n a_o small_a troup_n will_v besiege_v it_o and_o battery_n may_v be_v lay_v to_o divers_a place_n of_o it_o it_o be_v always_o subject_a to_o mount_v of_o earth_n and_o need_v many_o bulwark_n â—ditches_n and_o much_o cost_n to_o keep_v it_o a_o fortress_n upon_o a_o hill_n have_v these_o advantage_n hill_n a_o enemy_n can_v hardly_o lodge_v near_o unto_o it_o advantage_n or_o lay_v battery_n against_o it_o it_o require_v more_o man_n to_o besiege_v it_o disadvantage_n and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o mount_n the_o disadvantage_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n to_o make_v it_o in_o the_o best_a form_n of_o strength_n but_o must_v give_v it_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o may_v best_o fit_v the_o place_n be_v sometime_o too_o large_a and_o spacious_a and_o sometime_o too_o straight_o the_o enemy_n artillery_n have_v great_a force_n against_o it_o play_v upward_o and_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o fort_n play_v not_o so_o sure_o downward_o the_o hand_n of_o all_o fort_n be_v the_o bulwark_n from_o whence_o the_o artillery_n play_v fort_n the_o supplement_n to_o the_o bulwark_n be_v the_o ravelin_n the_o platform_n the_o casmate_n and_o the_o cavalero_n the_o wall_n be_v make_v in_o scarp_n cant_v inward_o the_o better_a to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o this_o proportion_n that_o to_o every_o five_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o six_o foot_n in_o height_n there_o be_v one_o foot_n allow_v in_o scarp_n the_o counterscarp_n be_v another_o wall_n outward_a to_o the_o first_o and_o stope_v inward_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o general_a view_n of_o fortification_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o may_v well_o be_v comprehend_v in_o these_o short_a observation_n reserve_v the_o further_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o a_o particular_a treatise_n by_o itself_o chap._n xii_o the_o siege_n of_o avaricum_n continue_v the_o siege_n be_v hinder_v by_o so_o many_o disturbance_n caesar_n and_o the_o soldier_n afflict_v all_o the_o time_n with_o cold_a and_o continual_a rain_n yet_o they_o overcome_v all_o these_o let_n with_o continual_a labour_n and_o in_o five_o and_o twenty_o day_n they_o raise_v a_o mount_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o fourscore_o in_o height_n when_o it_o come_v almost_o to_o touch_v the_o wall_n caesar_n himself_o attend_v the_o work_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v and_o encourage_v the_o soldier_n to_o omit_v no_o time_n from_o the_o same_o a_o little_a before_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n the_o mount_n be_v see_v to_o smoke_n the_o enemy_n have_v set_v it_o on_o fire_n with_o a_o i_o and_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n a_o shout_n be_v take_v up_o by_o they_o that_o stand_v upon_o the_o wall_n they_o make_v a_o sally_n out_o at_o two_o gate_n on_o both_o side_n the_o tower_n some_o cast_a firebrand_n and_o dry_a matter_n from_o the_o wall_n unto_o the_o mount_n pour_v pitch_n and_o other_o thing_n to_o nourish_v the_o fire_n that_o no_o man_n know_v whither_o to_o run_v first_o or_o where_o to_o give_v help_n notwithstanding_o forasmuch_o as_o caesar_n have_v appoint_v two_o legion_n by_o turn_n to_o watch_v before_o the_o camp_n and_o two_o other_o to_o follow_v the_o work_n it_o happen_v and_o that_o quick_o that_o some_o be_v ready_a to_o confront_v the_o sally_n and_o other_o to_o draw_v back_o the_o tower_n from_o the_o front_n of_o the_o mount_n and_o to_o cut_v the_o mount_n asunder_o the_o whole_a multitude_n come_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n to_o quench_v the_o fire_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n be_v now_o spend_v the_o fight_n continue_v every_o where_o and_o ever_o the_o enemy_n take_v new_a spirit_n and_o have_v hope_n of_o victory_n the_o rather_o because_o they_o see_v the_o shed_v or_o hovel_n belong_v to_o the_o tower_n burn_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v not_o come_v near_o the_o say_a tower_n to_o manage_v they_o as_o be_v fit_v without_o shelter_n and_o covert_n and_o that_o they_o ever_o send_v fresh_a man_n to_o take_v the_o room_n of_o such_o as_o be_v weary_a and_o over-laboured_n suppose_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o gallia_n to_o consist_v in_o that_o instant_n of_o time_n there_o happen_v ourselves_o behold_v it_o a_o accident_n worthy_a memory_n which_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o omit_v a_o certain_a gall_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n cast_v with_o his_o hand_n ball_n of_o tallow_n and_o pitch_n to_o increase_v the_o fire_n right_o over_o against_o the_o tower_n be_v shoot_v through_o the_o right_a side_n
with_o a_o crossbow_n and_o fall_v down_o dead_a one_o that_o stand_v next_o he_o step_v over_o he_o and_o begin_v to_o do_v the_o like_a service_n he_o likewise_o be_v slay_v with_o a_o shot_n out_o of_o a_o crossbow_n he_o a_o three_o man_n succeed_v and_o the_o three_o a_o four_o neither_o be_v the_o place_n forsake_v until_o the_o mount_n be_v quench_v the_o enemy_n remove_v and_o the_o fight_v cease_v the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n worthy_a observation_n to_o consider_v it_o whether_o there_o need_v not_o as_o many_o man_n to_o defend_v a_o town_n as_o to_o besiege_v it_o which_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n may_v peradventure_o seem_v frivolous_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o defendant_n be_v but_o to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n which_o they_o hold_v and_o to_o stand_v only_o upon_o their_o defensive_a guard_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n the_o shelter_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o many_o other_o like_o help_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o safety_n whereas_o the_o assailant_n be_v to_o strive_v against_o all_o these_o advantage_n and_o to_o oppose_v himself_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o so_o many_o difficulty_n but_o if_o we_o look_v a_o little_a near_o into_o the_o matter_n and_o consider_v the_o service_n to_o be_v perform_v on_o either_o part_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o to_o say_v as_o many_o man_n be_v necessary_a to_o defend_v a_o town_n as_o to_o besiege_v it_o be_v no_o paradox_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n thereof_o point_n we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n touch_v matter_n of_o fight_n consist_v chief_o in_o these_o four_o point_n first_o in_o man_v and_o make_v good_a all_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o able_a to_o strengthen_v all_o part_n with_o a_o competent_a force_n than_o he_o have_v not_o man_n enough_o to_o defend_v the_o town_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o part_n be_v subject_a to_o assault_v and_o what_o part_n soever_o be_v not_o make_v good_a that_o lie_v open_a to_o a_o enemy_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o assault_n be_v only_o to_o be_v make_v at_o a_o breach_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o defend_v itself_o there_o be_v require_v a_o competent_a strength_n within_o the_o town_n to_o defend_v that_o breach_n in_o this_o point_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n touch_v a_o competent_a number_n of_o man_n between_o the_o assailant_n and_o the_o defendant_n for_o if_o he_o that_o lay_v siege_n to_o a_o town_n have_v man_n enough_o to_o assault_v all_o part_n at_o one_o instant_a the_o enemy_n must_v have_v a_o answerable_a proportion_n to_o defend_v all_o or_o if_o he_o have_v no_o use_n of_o more_o man_n than_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v a_o assault_n at_o a_o breach_n the_o defendant_n must_v have_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o breach_n the_o second_o point_n be_v in_o relieve_v weary_a man_n either_o fight_v or_o work_v with_o fresh_a supply_n to_o continue_v that_o business_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o siege_n of_o a_o town_n wherein_o likewise_o there_o be_v small_a or_o no_o difference_n touch_v a_o equality_n between_o both_o party_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o as_o well_o able_a to_o relieve_v his_o weary_a soldier_n with_o fresh_a supply_n as_o the_o enemy_n be_v to_o continue_v the_o assault_n the_o town_n may_v quick_o have_v a_o new_a master_n the_o three_o point_n be_v in_o defeat_v and_o make_v void_a such_o work_n as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v against_o the_o town_n as_o mount_n mine_n approach_n and_o such_o like_a inconvenience_n which_o be_v suffer_v to_o go_v on_o without_o opposition_n and_o prevention_n the_o town_n can_v hold_v out_o long_o in_o this_o point_n the_o defendant_n have_v the_o disadvantage_n have_v need_n of_o more_o man_n to_o overthrow_n and_o prevent_v the_o work_n than_o the_o assailant_n have_v to_o make_v they_o good_a for_o there_o he_o that_o besiege_v the_o place_n fight_v with_o the_o advantage_n and_o have_v the_o same_o help_n as_o the_o defendant_n have_v in_o the_o fastness_n of_o his_o hold_n which_o cause_v this_o extraordinary_a accident_n which_o caesar_n note_v touch_v the_o successive_a slaughter_n of_o so_o many_o gall_n who_o labour_v to_o burn_v the_o roman_a work_n with_o ball_n of_o tallow_n and_o pitch_n be_v all_o slay_v with_o the_o blow_n of_o one_o man_n bow_n the_o last_o point_n be_v in_o sally_n which_o be_v as_o necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o town_n as_o any_o thing_n else_o whatsoever_o for_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sally_v out_o the_o enemy_n will_v quick_o coop_v he_o up_o and_o tread_v upon_o his_o belly_n and_o herein_o the_o defendant_n need_v more_o man_n than_o the_o assailant_n for_o he_o that_o be_v in_o the_o field_n lie_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o trench_n whereas_o the_o other_o come_v out_o naked_a upon_o he_o and_o thus_o much_o touch_v this_o question_n in_o particular_a concern_v the_o general_a if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o there_o have_v be_v more_o man_n lose_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o ostend_n then_o in_o besiege_v it_o i_o answer_v that_o neither_o side_n can_v much_o vaunt_v of_o a_o small_a loss_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o second_o place_n there_o be_v two_o observable_a point_n horse_n the_o one_o caesar_n continual_a attendance_n upon_o the_o work_n be_v present_a night_n and_o day_n without_o any_o long_a intermission_n which_o do_v much_o advantage_n their_o proceed_n at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v as_o important_a to_o a_o fortunate_a issue_n as_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o for_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v extraordinary_a either_o in_o valour_n or_o diligence_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v extraordinary_a mean_n to_o countervail_v the_o height_n of_o so_o great_a a_o resolution_n which_o caesar_n overtop_v with_o monstrous_a and_o huge_a work_n and_o speed_v those_o work_n with_o his_o continual_a attendance_n the_o second_o point_n be_v the_o successive_a task_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v eight_o legion_n present_a at_o that_o siege_n for_o the_o other_o two_o be_v leave_v at_o agendicum_n with_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o half_a the_o army_n be_v always_o at_o rest_n and_o the_o other_o half_o employ_v two_o legion_n at_o work_n and_o two_o legion_n in_o the_o watch_n and_o thus_o they_o ease_v each_o other_o and_o still_o continue_v the_o work_n for_o otherwise_o they_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o have_v undergo_v the_o burden_n as_o the_o say_n be_v quod_fw-la caret_fw-la alterna_fw-la requâ—e_fw-la durabâ—le_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la it_o can_v hold_v that_o rest_v not_o now_o and_o then_o chap._n xiii_o caesar_n by_o a_o assault_n take_v avaricum_n the_o gall_n have_v try_v all_o mean_n caesar_n and_o none_o take_v effect_n the_o next_o day_n they_o consult_v touch_v their_o leave_n of_o the_o town_n vercingetorix_n both_o command_a and_o persuade_v they_o unto_o it_o which_o they_o hope_v they_o may_v do_v in_o the_o night_n time_n without_o any_o great_a loss_n unto_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o vercingetorix_n be_v not_o far_o off_o with_o his_o camp_n and_o all_o the_o way_n thither_o be_v a_o continual_a bog_n which_o will_v hinder_v the_o roman_n from_o follow_v after_o they_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n they_o prepare_v themselves_o against_o the_o next_o night_n which_o the_o woman_n perceive_v do_v run_v sudden_o out_o into_o the_o street_n and_o other_o public_a place_n and_o cast_v themselves_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o husband_n and_o by_o all_o mean_v entreat_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v they_o and_o their_o child_n to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o nature_n and_o infirmity_n of_o body_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o fly_v away_o but_o find_v they_o to_o continue_v resolute_a in_o their_o purpose_n forasmuch_o as_o in_o extreme_a peril_n fear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v no_o commiseration_n they_o cry_v out_o and_o signify_v their_o flight_n unto_o the_o roman_n wherewith_o the_o gall_n be_v fear_v they_o desist_v from_o their_o purpose_n leave_v the_o way_n shall_v be_v forestall_v and_o lay_v by_o the_o roman_a horseman_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n have_v advance_v forward_o the_o tower_n and_o perfect_v those_o work_n which_o he_o have_v determine_v to_o make_v there_o happen_v to_o fall_v a_o great_a rain_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v a_o fit_a occasion_n for_o his_o purpose_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o see_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o wall_n to_o be_v somewhat_o negligent_o dispose_v he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o work_v fair_a and_o soft_o and_o show_v they_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v and_o encourage_v the_o legion_n which_o be_v hide_v in_o a_o readiness_n under_o the_o vine_n at_o
a_o knowl_n exceed_o fortify_v and_o hard_o to_o be_v come_v unto_o on_o all_o side_n which_o if_o our_o man_n can_v get_v they_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n both_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o water_n and_o also_o from_o free_a forage_n but_o the_o place_n be_v keep_v with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o silence_n of_o the_o night_n and_o before_o any_o help_n can_v come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n he_o put_v by_o the_o garrison_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o place_n leave_v two_o legion_n there_o to_o defend_v it_o and_o draw_v a_o double_a trench_n of_o twelve_o foot_n in_o breadth_n from_o the_o great_a camp_n to_o the_o less_o that_o single_a man_n may_v go_v safe_a to_o and_o fro_o from_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v his_o manner_n of_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n elaver_n elaver_n without_o any_o impediment_n from_o the_o enemy_n notwithstanding_o the_o care_n which_o vercingetorix_n have_v to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n which_o be_v plot_v with_o as_o great_a dexterity_n as_o can_v be_v devise_v in_o such_o a_o matter_n and_o to_o shadow_v his_o purpose_n the_o better_a that_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n march_v up_o the_o river_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o he_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o every_o cohort_n which_o in_o the_o whole_a amount_v to_o two_o legion_n cohortibus_fw-la for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o deliver_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n a_o legion_n consist_v of_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n contain_v three_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_n have_v two_o company_n which_o they_o call_v order_n so_o that_o every_o cohort_n have_v six_o company_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o cohort_n be_v a_o company_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o legion_n come_v to_o fifteen_o company_n and_o in_o eight_o legion_n to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o company_n which_o be_v reduce_v make_v threescore_o maniple_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o legion_n and_o prove_v that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o note_v the_o fit_a and_o convenient_a disposition_n of_o their_o troop_n to_o take_v out_o at_o all_o time_n competent_a force_n for_o any_o service_n without_o seem_v to_o lessen_v any_o part_n second_o i_o observe_v the_o phrase_n which_o he_o use_v in_o this_o place_n quintis_n castris_fw-la gergoviam_fw-la pervenit_fw-la he_o come_v to_o gergovia_n at_o five_o encamp_n which_o imply_v their_o infallible_a custom_n of_o encamp_v every_o night_n within_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n for_o as_o we_o usual_o say_v that_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v so_o many_o day_n journey_n because_o a_o ordinary_a traveller_n make_v so_o many_o journey_n before_o he_o come_v thither_o so_o the_o roman_n reckon_v their_o journey_n with_o their_o army_n by_o their_o encamp_n which_o be_v as_o due_o keep_v as_o their_o journey_n and_o be_v the_o most_o signal_n part_v of_o their_o day_n journey_n chap._n xviii_o convictolitanis_n move_v the_o hedui_n to_o a_o revolt_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v at_o gergovia_n caesar_n convictolitanis_n the_o heduan_n to_o who_o the_o magistracy_n be_v adjudge_v by_o caesar_n be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o arverni_n with_o money_n break_v the_o matter_n to_o certain_a young_a man_n among_o who_o litavicus_n be_v chief_a and_o his_o brethren_n be_v youth_n of_o a_o great_a house_n with_o they_o he_o treat_v at_o first_o and_o wish_v they_o to_o remember_v that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v freeman_n but_o also_o to_o empire_n and_o government_n the_o hedui_n be_v the_o only_a state_n which_o keep_v gallia_n from_o a_o most_o assure_a victory_n for_o by_o their_o authority_n and_o example_n the_o rest_n will_v be_v conclude_v which_o be_v fetch_v over_o there_o will_v be_v no_o place_n in_o gallia_n for_o the_o roman_n to_o abide_v in_o touch_v himself_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o good_a turn_n from_o caesar_n but_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o have_v but_o his_o right_n but_o he_o owe_v more_o to_o the_o common_a liberty_n for_o why_o shall_v the_o hedui_n rather_o dispute_v of_o their_o custom_n and_o law_n before_o caesar_n than_o the_o roman_n come_v before_o the_o hedui_n these_o young_a man_n be_v quick_o persuade_v as_o well_o by_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o magistrate_n as_o by_o reward_n insomuch_o as_o they_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o counsel_n but_o now_o the_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v think_v on_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o state_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v draw_v to_o undertake_v that_o war_n they_o determine_v at_o last_o that_o litavicus_n shall_v have_v the_o lead_n of_o those_o ten_o thousand_o man_n that_o be_v to_o be_v send_v to_o caesar_n and_o that_o his_o brethren_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o to_o caesar_n and_o conclude_v likewise_o in_o what_o sort_n they_o will_v have_v other_o thing_n carry_v litavicus_n have_v receive_v the_o army_n when_o he_o be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o gergovia_n call_v the_o soldier_n sudden_o together_o and_o weep_v whither_o do_v we_o go_v say_v he_o fellow_n soldier_n all_o our_o horseman_n and_o our_o nobility_n be_v slay_v the_o prince_n of_o our_o state_n eporedorix_n and_o viridomarus_n be_v false_o accuse_v of_o treason_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o roman_n without_o call_v they_o to_o their_o answer_n understand_v these_o thing_n from_o they_o that_o be_v escape_v from_o the_o slaughter_n for_o i_o myself_o my_o brethren_n and_o kinsman_n be_v slay_v be_o hinder_v with_o grief_n from_o tell_v you_o what_o have_v happen_v present_o those_o be_v bring_v forth_o who_o he_o have_v teach_v beforehand_o what_o he_o will_v have_v say_v who_o verify_v to_o the_o multitude_n those_o thing_n which_o litavicus_n have_v speak_v that_o all_o the_o horseman_n of_o the_o hedui_n be_v slay_v forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v speech_n with_o the_o arverni_n for_o themselves_o they_o be_v hide_v among_o the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n and_o be_v escape_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o slaughter_n the_o hedui_n cry_v out_o all_o together_o and_o do_v beseech_v litavicus_n to_o look_v to_o himself_o and_o to_o they_o also_o as_o though_o say_v he_o the_o matter_n need_v any_o advice_n or_o counsel_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o we_o to_o go_v direct_o to_o gergovia_n and_o to_o join_v ourselves_o with_o the_o arverni_n for_o do_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v begin_v so_o wicked_o will_v run_v present_o upon_o we_o to_o take_v away_o our_o life_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o courage_n at_o all_o in_o we_o let_v we_o persecute_v their_o death_n that_o have_v perish_v so_o undeserved_o and_o let_v we_o kill_v these_o thief_n he_o show_v they_o divers_a roman_a citizen_n that_o be_v in_o the_o troop_n for_o safety_n of_o convoy_n and_o forthwith_o he_o seize_v upon_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n and_o torture_v they_o cruel_o to_o death_n he_o send_v out_o messenger_n throughout_o all_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n continue_v the_o same_o false_a suggestion_n touch_v the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o the_o prince_n persuade_v they_o to_o revenge_v their_o injury_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o first_o observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o convictolitanis_n who_o a_o little_a before_o as_o we_o may_v remember_v have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o benefit_n from_o caesar_n prove_v true_a the_o say_n of_o cornel._n tacitus_n that_o man_n be_v ready_a to_o revenge_v a_o injury_n then_o to_o requite_v a_o good_a turn_n habetur_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o gratia_n oneri_fw-la ultio_fw-la in_o quaestu_fw-la habetur_fw-la a_o good_a turn_n be_v as_o a_o burden_n and_o a_o debt_n to_o a_o man_n whereas_o revenge_n be_v reckon_v a_o gain_n the_o debt_n of_o loyalty_n and_o good_a affection_n wherein_o convictolitanis_n stand_v engage_v to_o caesar_n for_o confirm_v that_o right_a unto_o he_o which_o civil_a dissension_n have_v make_v doubtful_a together_o with_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o general_a cause_n make_v he_o so_o willing_a to_o revolt_v from_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o lieu_n of_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n to_o requite_v he_o with_o hostility_n a_o part_n so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a that_o virtue_n grieve_v to_o think_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o wickedness_n or_o be_v stain_v with_o the_o infamy_n of_o so_o horrible_a a_o crime_n other_o vice_n be_v fault_n in_o special_a and_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o several_a mark_n of_o ignominy_n but_o ingratitude_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o body_n of_o evil_a and_o do_v countervail_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o hateful_a affection_n seneca_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o
he_o propound_v to_o the_o world_n as_o a_o absolute_a pattern_n both_o of_o military_a and_o civil_a virtue_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o roman_n continue_v the_o assault_n and_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o loss_n the_o contention_n be_v not_o indifferent_a to_o the_o roman_n â—â—â—sar_n neither_o in_o place_n nor_o in_o number_n of_o combatant_n be_v weary_v withal_o both_o with_o the_o long_a race_n which_o they_o have_v run_v and_o with_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o fight_n whereby_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o bear_v the_o enemy_n be_v whole_a and_o fresh_a caesar_n see_v the_o fight_n to_o be_v in_o a_o unequal_a place_n and_o the_o enemy_n still_o to_o increase_v their_o force_n fear_v his_o people_n he_o send_v to_o t._n sextius_n the_o legate_n who_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o command_v the_o lesser_a camp_n to_o bring_v out_o the_o cohort_n speedy_o and_o to_o place_v they_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o our_o man_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v their_o place_n yet_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v terrify_v from_o follow_v they_o over_o free_o he_o himself_o remove_v a_o little_a out_o of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o stand_v with_o the_o legion_n attend_v the_o event_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o as_o they_o fight_v at_o hand_n very_o fierce_o the_o enemy_n trust_v in_o the_o place_n and_o in_o the_o multitude_n and_o our_o man_n in_o their_o valour_n the_o hedui_n sudden_o appear_v on_o the_o open_a side_n of_o our_o man_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v up_o by_o another_o ascent_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o keep_v off_o part_n of_o the_o enemy_n these_o by_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o armour_n do_v wonderful_o astonish_v our_o man_n who_o although_o they_o see_v their_o right_a arm_n show_v or_o put_v forth_o which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o peace_n yet_o they_o doubt_v lest_o the_o enemy_n have_v use_v that_o policy_n to_o deceive_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_a l._n fabius_n the_o centurion_n and_o those_o that_o climb_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n with_o he_o be_v slay_v be_v cast_v down_o from_o the_o wall_n again_o and_o m._n petreius_n a_o centurion_n of_o the_o same_o legion_n as_o he_o be_v about_o to_o cut_v down_o the_o gate_n be_v oppress_v with_o the_o multitude_n and_o despair_v of_o his_o own_o life_n have_v receive_v many_o wound_n forasmuch_o say_v he_o to_o his_o soldier_n that_o follow_v he_o as_o i_o can_v save_v myself_o and_o you_o too_o i_o will_v certain_o provide_v for_o your_o safety_n who_o i_o have_v bring_v into_o danger_n whilst_o i_o thirst_v after_o honour_n you_o while_o you_o may_v shift_n for_o yourselves_o and_o withal_o he_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o couple_n he_o remove_v the_o rest_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o as_o his_o soldier_n go_v about_o to_o help_v he_o in_o vain_a say_v he_o do_v you_o endeavour_v to_o save_v my_o life_n which_o blood_n and_o strength_n have_v already_o forsake_v and_o therefore_o get_v you_o hence_o while_o you_o have_v mean_n and_o betake_v yourselves_o to_o the_o legion_n and_o so_o fight_v fall_v down_o dead_a but_o save_v his_o man_n our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v do_v all_o side_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o six_o and_o forty_o centurion_n be_v beat_v down_o from_o the_o place_n but_o the_o ten_o legion_n which_o stand_v for_o a_o rescue_n in_o a_o more_o equal_a place_n hinder_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v over_o eager_o and_o again_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n which_o sextius_n have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n second_v that_o legion_n have_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o legion_n assoon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o the_o plain_a stand_v still_o and_o turn_v head_n to_o the_o enemy_n vercingetorix_n draw_v back_o his_o man_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o their_o camp_n that_o day_n few_o less_o than_o seven_o hundred_o soldier_n be_v want_v observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o presumptuous_a rashness_n when_o man_n be_v become_v so_o pregnant_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o more_o than_o be_v require_v but_o as_o they_o say_v of_o fair_a weather_n that_o it_o be_v pity_v it_o shall_v do_v hurt_v so_o be_v it_o great_a pity_n that_o valour_n and_o resolution_n shall_v prove_v disadvantageous_a for_o this_o over_n of_o a_o service_n be_v but_o the_o spirit_n of_o valiant_a carriage_n and_o the_o very_a motion_n of_o prowess_n and_o courage_n memorable_a in_o the_o offender_n themselves_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o this_o particular_a report_n of_o fabius_n and_o petreius_n and_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v that_o virtue_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v overquell_v with_o a_o great_a strength_n at_o this_o service_n the_o roman_n stand_v in_o these_o term_n they_o be_v overmatch_v in_o number_n they_o have_v spend_v their_o strength_n in_o speedy_a run_v to_o the_o place_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o favourable_a unto_o they_o but_o almost_o as_o great_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o gall_n only_o they_o trust_v in_o their_o valour_n and_o think_v by_o virtue_n to_o clear_v all_o difficulty_n the_o gall_n have_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o place_n a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n they_o come_v fresh_a to_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v always_o second_v with_o fresh_a supply_n caesar_n see_v the_o two_o army_n engage_v one_o with_o another_o can_v neither_o part_v they_o nor_o recall_v his_o soldier_n but_o set_v such_o force_n as_o be_v free_a in_o such_o convenient_a place_n as_o may_v rescue_v his_o people_n in_o the_o retreat_n and_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v the_o chase_n or_o make_v any_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o inequality_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o sword_n draw_v to_o make_v way_n to_o death_n there_o be_v not_o seven_o hundred_o man_n lose_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o yet_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o great_a loss_n that_o ever_o he_o receive_v in_o those_o war_n in_o his_o own_o presence_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o conflict_n give_v the_o enemy_n the_o better_a of_o the_o day_n chap._n xxiiii_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o rashness_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o make_v light_a but_o successful_a skirmish_n upon_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n the_o next_o day_n call_v the_o army_n before_o he_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o temerity_n and_o cupidity_n of_o the_o soldier_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v how_o far_o they_o be_v to_o go_v or_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v neither_o will_v they_o stay_v upon_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o retreat_n nor_o hearken_v to_o the_o tribune_n nor_o the_o legate_n that_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o back_o he_o lay_v open_a unto_o they_o how_o available_a the_o inequality_n of_o the_o place_n be_v and_o what_o he_o himself_o think_v of_o it_o when_o at_o avaricum_n he_o take_v the_o enemy_n without_o a_o general_n and_o without_o cavalry_n yet_o do_v forgo_v a_o most_o assure_a victory_n lest_o in_o the_o buckle_v he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o small_a loss_n through_o the_o inequitie_n of_o the_o place_n how_o admirable_a be_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o spirit_n who_o neither_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n nor_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n can_v stop_v or_o hinder_v wherein_o he_o blame_v their_o licentious_a arrogancy_n the_o more_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v better_o of_o the_o victory_n and_o the_o success_n of_o that_o service_n than_o the_o general_n himself_o neither_o do_v he_o so_o much_o desire_v to_o find_v courage_n and_o virtue_n in_o his_o soldier_n as_o modesty_n and_o sobriety_n this_o speech_n be_v deliver_v and_o in_o the_o end_n confirm_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discourage_v at_o the_o matter_n nor_o attribute_n that_o to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n keep_v his_o former_a purpose_n of_o departure_n he_o bring_v the_o legion_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n imbattel_v they_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n and_o find_v that_o vercingetorix_n will_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o indifferent_a place_n after_o a_o light_a skirmish_n of_o horse_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o better_a he_o carry_v his_o army_n back_o again_o into_o the_o camp_n and_o do_v the_o like_a the_o next_o day_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o to_o strengthen_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o make_v after_o he_o observation_n
he_o have_v overcome_v by_o his_o valour_n chap._n xxxi_o vercingetorix_n send_v away_o the_o horse_n caesar_n enclose_v alesia_n with_o a_o strong_a wall_n vercingetorix_n think_v it_o best_a to_o dismiss_v all_o the_o horse_n caesar_n and_o send_v they_o away_o in_o the_o night_n before_o the_o fortification_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o roman_n at_o their_o departure_n he_o command_v they_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v repair_v unto_o his_o own_o state_n and_o send_v all_o to_o the_o war_n that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n he_o lay_v open_v his_o desert_n towards_o they_o and_o do_v adjure_v they_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o his_o safety_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v deliver_v over_o to_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o have_v so_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o common_a liberty_n wherein_o if_o they_o shall_v prove_v negligent_a fourscore_o thousand_o choose_a man_n will_v perish_v with_o he_o in_o that_o place_n and_o look_v into_o their_o provision_n he_o find_v that_o they_o have_v corn_n scarce_o for_o thirty_o day_n but_o by_o spare_v and_o good_a husbandry_n it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v long_o with_o these_o mandate_n he_o send_v out_o the_o horseman_n in_o silence_n about_o the_o second_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n where_o the_o work_n be_v not_o perfect_v he_o command_v all_o the_o corn_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n the_o cattle_n he_o distribute_v to_o the_o soldier_n by_o pole_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a store_n bring_v out_o from_o the_o mandubii_fw-la the_o corn_n he_o begin_v to_o measure_v out_o very_o spare_o all_o the_o force_n which_o he_o have_v place_v before_o the_o town_n he_o receive_v within_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o he_o purpose_v to_o attend_v the_o supply_n of_o gallia_n which_o be_v know_v by_o therunne-awayes_a and_o captive_n caesar_n appoint_v to_o make_v these_o fortification_n he_o draw_v a_o ditch_n of_o twenty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n with_o straight_a side_n as_o broad_a at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o work_n he_o make_v forty_o foot_n short_a of_o that_o ditch_n which_o he_o do_v for_o these_o reason_n that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o easy_o be_v enclose_v about_o with_o a_o army_n of_o soldier_n which_o he_o think_v to_o prevent_v by_o take_v in_o so_o great_a a_o circuit_n of_o ground_n and_o second_o lest_o the_o enemy_n sally_v out_o upon_o a_o sudden_a shall_v in_o the_o night_n come_v to_o destroy_v the_o work_n or_o in_o the_o daytime_n trouble_v the_o soldier_n with_o dart_n and_o cast_a weapon_n as_o they_o be_v busy_v about_o the_o work_n this_o space_n of_o forty_o foot_n be_v leave_v he_o make_v two_o ditch_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n the_o innermost_a whereof_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o field_n and_o the_o low_a ground_n he_o fill_v with_o water_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o river_n behind_o they_o he_o make_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o twelve_o foot_n and_o strengthen_v it_o with_o a_o parapet_n and_o pinnacle_n and_o with_o great_a bough_n of_o tree_n cut_v in_o cag_n like_a unto_o a_o heart_n horn_n which_o he_o set_v where_o the_o hovel_n be_v join_v to_o the_o rampire_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n from_o climb_v up_o and_o make_v tower_n round_o about_o the_o whole_a work_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o fourscore_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v both_o to_o get_v stuff_n for_o the_o fortification_n to_o go_v a_o harve_n for_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o to_o make_v such_o great_a work_n our_o force_n be_v much_o weaken_v and_o be_v to_o seek_v corn_n and_o stuff_n far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n the_o gall_n also_o oftentimes_o attempt_v to_o destroy_v the_o work_n and_o to_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n at_o divers_a port_n therefore_o caesar_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o add_v thus_o much_o more_o to_o the_o foresay_a work_n that_o the_o fortification_n may_v be_v make_v good_a with_o the_o less_o number_n of_o man_n he_o make_v ditch_n round_o about_o the_o work_n of_o five_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o they_o he_o plant_v either_o the_o body_n of_o tree_n or_o great_a firm_a bough_n sharpen_v into_o many_o pike_n and_o snag_n be_v bind_v together_o at_o the_o bottom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v easy_o pluck_v up_o and_o spread_v themselves_o at_o the_o top_n into_o very_o sharp_a cag_n there_o be_v of_o these_o five_o rank_n so_o combine_v and_o enfold_v one_o in_o another_o that_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v enter_v upon_o they_o he_o will_v necessary_o run_v himself_o upon_o a_o sharp_a stake_n these_o they_o call_v cippi_n before_o these_o in_o oblique_a course_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o quincunce_n be_v dig_v hole_n of_o three_o foot_n deep_a narrow_a at_o the_o bottom_n like_o a_o sugar_n loaf_n these_o they_o set_v with_o round_a stake_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n thigh_n with_o a_o sharp_a harden_a point_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o stick_v not_o above_o four_o finger_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o the_o better_a fasten_n of_o they_o they_o stick_v all_o a_o foot_n within_o the_o ground_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hole_n for_o the_o better_a order_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v hide_v with_o osier_n and_o spread_v of_o these_o be_v eight_o course_n three_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o these_o they_o call_v lily_n from_o the_o resemblance_n they_o have_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o that_o flower_n before_o these_o be_v galthrop_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o fasten_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o head_v at_o the_o top_n with_o barb_a hook_n of_o iron_n sow_v up_o and_o down_o in_o all_o place_n in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o these_o they_o call_v stimuli_fw-la the_o inner_a fortification_n be_v thus_o perfect_v he_o follow_v the_o even_a and_o level_a ground_n as_o much_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v and_o take_v in_o fourteen_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o make_v the_o like_a fortification_n in_o all_o point_n against_o the_o enemy_n without_o as_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o town_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o he_o be_v drive_v upon_o occasion_n to_o depart_v and_o leave_v the_o work_n it_o may_v be_v no_o danger_n for_o he_o to_o leave_v the_o camp_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o few_o man_n will_v defend_v it_o he_o command_v every_o man_n to_o have_v forage_n and_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o thirty_o day_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o touch_v the_o roman_a work_n and_o to_o show_v the_o use_n they_o make_v of_o they_o in_o their_o great_a occasion_n but_o this_o description_n of_o the_o work_n at_o alesia_n do_v so_o far_o exceed_v the_o enlargement_n of_o comment_v word_n that_o it_o have_v drown_v the_o eloquence_n of_o great_a historian_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o exposition_n and_o enforcement_n have_v draw_v from_o they_o speech_n express_v great_a admiration_n than_o belief_n circa_n alesiam_n say_v paterculus_n tantae_fw-la res_fw-la gestae_fw-la quantas_fw-la audere_fw-la vix_fw-la hominis_fw-la perficere_fw-la nullius_fw-la nisi_fw-la dei_fw-la fuerit_fw-la so_o great_a thing_n be_v do_v at_o alesia_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v too_o great_a for_o any_o man_n to_o attempt_v or_o any_o but_o a_o god_n to_o effect_v to_o enclose_v a_o town_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o eleven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v a_o matter_n worthy_a the_o roman_a army_n but_o to_o add_v such_o variety_n of_o work_n and_o to_o make_v such_o strange_a trape_n and_o opposition_n against_o a_o enemy_n be_v admirable_a to_o the_o hearer_n and_o not_o that_o only_a but_o to_o make_v the_o like_a work_n without_o to_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o raise_v the_o siege_n do_v double_a the_o wonder_n by_o which_o work_n he_o do_v besiege_v and_o be_v besiege_v take_v the_o town_n and_o overthrow_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n such_o as_o since_o that_o time_n have_v imitate_v this_o industry_n only_o by_o a_o small_a ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n for_o i_o think_v no_o man_n ever_o make_v such_o work_n have_v wrought_v wonder_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n castruccio_n get_v the_o name_n of_o renew_v the_o ancient_a military_a discipline_n in_o italy_n chief_o for_o that_o he_o besiege_v pistoia_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o a_o double_a trench_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o caesar_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o pistoyans_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o keep_v out_o a_o army_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o thousand_o horse_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o end_n he_o
out_o of_o curious_a suspicion_n or_o idle_a fear_n yet_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v requisite_a and_o expedient_a which_o may_v teach_v a_o general_n to_o be_v careful_a even_o of_o possibility_n 24._o and_o to_o prevent_v contingency_n with_o the_o certainty_n of_o industrious_a direction_n account_v always_o that_o which_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o thing_n we_o most_o expect_v the_o four_o observation_n concern_v spain_n 3._o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n at_o first_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o province_n which_o they_o call_v the_o near_o and_o the_o further_o or_o according_a to_o strabo_n the_o utter_a and_o the_o inner_a and_o they_o be_v separate_v asunder_o by_o the_o river_n iberus_n now_o ebro_n and_o thence_o also_o they_o be_v call_v cis_n iberum_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la iberum_fw-la spain_n on_o this_o side_n ebro_n and_o spain_n beyond_o the_o near_a province_n be_v the_o lesser_a continue_v without_o alteration_n during_o the_o roman_n government_n and_o be_v sometime_o call_v tarraconensis_n provincia_n of_o tarraeo_n the_o principal_a town_n of_o the_o same_o but_o the_o further_o in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o one_o call_v betica_n and_o the_o other_o lusitania_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o spain_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o province_n it_o be_v first_o enter_v by_o the_o roman_n by_o occasion_n of_o the_o notable_a siege_n of_o saguntum_n upon_o which_o p._n scipio_n have_v subdue_v the_o carthaginian_n reduce_v spain_n into_o a_o province_n and_o leave_v it_o govern_v by_o proconsul_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o cornelius_n lentulus_n and_o lucius_n stertinius_n 555._o afterward_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o propraetor_n and_o sometime_o by_o praetor_n according_a as_o the_o empire_n come_v to_o be_v enlarge_v and_o have_v thereby_o many_o government_n for_o the_o preferment_n of_o such_o as_o have_v supply_v the_o better_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o state_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n of_o trouble_n the_o governor_n have_v always_o consularie_a power_n as_o in_o the_o war_n against_o scrtorius_n quintus_fw-la metellus_n proconsul_n livy_n and_o cn._n pompeius_n questor_n cum_fw-la consulari_fw-la potestate_fw-la missi_fw-la sunt_fw-la be_v send_v with_o consular_a power_n and_o at_o this_o time_n pompey_n govern_v it_o by_o two_o deputy_n or_o legate_n touch_v the_o form_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o country_n strabo_n liken_v it_o to_o a_o ox_n hide_v the_o neck_n whereof_o join_v to_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n which_o rise_v in_o tower_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o as_o limit_n and_o bound_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n take_v their_o name_n as_o some_o think_v from_o pyrene_n the_o maid_n that_o hercules_n deflower_v who_o sil._n ital._n mention_v lib._n 3._o pyrene_n celsus_fw-la nimbo_fw-la si_fw-la verticis_fw-la arce_fw-la divisos_fw-la celtis_fw-la late_a prospectat_fw-la iberos_n atque_fw-la aeterna_fw-la tenet_fw-la magnis_fw-la divortia_fw-la terris_fw-la nomen_fw-la bebrycia_n duxere_fw-la à _fw-la virgine_fw-la colle_n hospitis_fw-la alcidae_fw-la crimen_fw-la qui_fw-la sort_n laborum_fw-la gerionis_fw-la peteret_fw-la cum_fw-la long_fw-mi tricorporis_fw-la arva_fw-la possessus_fw-la baccho_fw-la saeva_fw-la bebrycis_n in_fw-la aula_fw-la lugendam_fw-la â—ormae_fw-la sine_fw-la virginitate_fw-la reliquit_fw-la pyrenen_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o defletumque_fw-la tenent_fw-la montes_n per_fw-la secula_fw-la nomen_fw-la the_o lofty_a tower_n of_o pyren_n cloudy_a head_n over_o look_n the_o iberi_n who_o it_o part_n from_o celts_n for_o aye_o divide_v those_o two_o spacious_a land_n from_o bebryx_n daughter_n first_o these_o hill_n take_v name_n ravish_v by_o hercules_n who_o as_o he_o go_v the_o triple-bodied_n gerion_n land_n to_o seize_v drink_v at_o the_o time_n and_o lodge_v in_o bebryx_n court_n pyrene_n leave_v to_o be_v bewail_v by_o beauty_n no_o more_o a_o virgin_n and_o her_o lament_a name_n the_o hill_n still_o keep_v but_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n more_o general_o receive_v they_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o shepherd_n and_o herdsman_n set_v they_o once_o on_o fire_n 5._o as_o witness_v diodorus_n siculus_n and_o aristotle_n auscultatioribus_fw-la in_o hiberia_fw-la inquit_fw-la combustis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la pastoribus_fw-la sylvis_n calenteque_fw-la ignibus_fw-la terra_fw-la manifestum_fw-la argentum_fw-la defluxisse_fw-la cumque_fw-la postmodum_fw-la terrae-motus_a supervenisset_fw-la eruptis_fw-la hiatibus_fw-la magnam_fw-la copiam_fw-la argenti_fw-la collectam_fw-la atque_fw-la inde_fw-la massiliensibus_fw-la proventus_fw-la non_fw-la vulgares_fw-la obtigisse_fw-la he_o say_v that_o on_o a_o time_n in_o spain_n the_o shepherd_n have_v set_v fire_n on_o the_o wood_n the_o ground_n be_v so_o heat_v thereby_o that_o plain_a rill_n of_o silver_n flow_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o afterward_o by_o reason_n of_o earthquake_n several_a gaping_n be_v make_v in_o the_o say_a place_n they_o gather_v great_a plenty_n of_o silver_n which_o the_o marscillians_n make_v no_o small_a benefit_n of_o the_o country_n of_o spain_n be_v commend_v for_o many_o thing_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a eulogy_n among_o which_o that_o of_o claudianus_n the_o poet_n be_v write_v as_o though_o the_o author_n have_v be_v a_o pensioner_n to_o the_o kingdom_n quid_fw-la dignum_fw-la memorare_fw-la tuis_fw-la hispania_n terris_fw-la vex_v humana_fw-la valet_fw-la primo_fw-la lavat_fw-la aequore_fw-la solemn_a india_n tu_fw-la fessos_fw-la exacta_fw-la luce_fw-fr jugales_fw-la proluis_fw-la inque_fw-la tuo_fw-la respirant_fw-la sydera_fw-la fluctu_fw-la dives_fw-la equis_fw-la frugum_fw-la facilis_fw-la pretiosa_fw-la metallis_fw-la principibus_fw-la foecunda_fw-la piis_fw-la what_o note_a thing_n in_o spain_n can_v man_n commend_v as_o indian_a sea_n first_o drench_v the_o morning_n sun_n so_o his_o tire_a steed_n wash_v here_o when_o day_n be_v do_v in_o spanish_a wave_n the_o weary_a star_n take_v breath_n spain_n store_n of_o horse_n fruit_n precious_a metal_n have_v breed_v pious_a prince_n chap._n xv._n caesar_n come_v to_o his_o army_n advance_v forward_o and_o incamp_v near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n within_o two_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v into_o the_o camp_n with_o nine_o hundred_o horse_n caesar_n which_o he_o have_v keep_v with_o he_o for_o a_o convoy_n the_o bridge_n break_v by_o the_o tempest_n be_v almost_o re-edify_v and_o that_o which_o remain_v undo_v he_o command_v to_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o night_n and_o have_v see_v the_o nature_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n he_o leave_v six_o cohort_n to_o keep_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o bridge_n with_o all_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o next_o day_n put_v all_o his_o force_n into_o a_o triple_a battle_n he_o march_v towards_o ilerda_n and_o there_o stand_v a_o while_n in_o arm_n offer_a battle_n in_o a_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a place_n afranius_n bring_v out_o his_o force_n and_o make_v a_o stand_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hill_n under_o his_o camp_n caesar_n perceive_v that_o afranius_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o fight_v determine_v to_o incamp_v himself_o some_o 400_o pace_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n 4._o and_o lest_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v interrupt_v in_o their_o work_n by_o the_o sudden_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o forbid_v they_o to_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o rampire_n or_o wall_n which_o must_v necessary_o be_v discover_v and_o see_v afar_o off_o but_o cause_v a_o ditch_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o breadth_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o camp_n next_o unto_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n according_a as_o be_v direct_v continue_v in_o arm_n 4._o and_o the_o three_o battle_n perform_v the_o work_n behind_o they_o unseen_a before_o it_o be_v understand_v by_o afranius_n that_o caesar_n will_v incamp_v in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v finish_v he_o draw_v his_o legion_n within_o the_o ditch_n and_o so_o stand_v in_o arm_n all_o night_n the_o next_o day_n he_o keep_v all_o his_o army_n within_o the_o ditch_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n to_o make_v the_o rampire_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v far_o off_o he_o keep_v the_o like_a course_n for_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o rest_n allot_v each_o side_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o be_v fortify_v by_o a_o several_a legion_n with_o a_o ditch_n to_o be_v sink_v about_o of_o the_o same_o scantling_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n make_v the_o other_o legion_n to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n against_o the_o enemy_n afranius_n and_o petreius_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v amuse_v the_o soldier_n and_o hinder_v the_o work_n bring_v down_o their_o force_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o provoke_v they_o to_o fight_v howbeit_o caesar_n intermit_v not_o the_o work_n trust_v to_o three_o legion_n in_o arm_n and_o the_o munition_n of_o the_o ditch_n the_o enemy_n not_o make_v any_o long_a stay_n or_o advance_v further_o than_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o
the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o keep_v such_o ordinance_n as_o their_o militia_n require_v until_o at_o length_n that_o the_o corruption_n of_o time_n falsify_v the_o simplicity_n and_o truth_n of_o word_n do_v enforce_v they_o to_o give_v a_o potest_fw-la oath_n as_o the_o sure_a bond_n of_o faith_n and_o obedience_n as_o be_v note_v by_o livy_n at_o large_a 22._o the_o soldier_n say_v he_o which_o be_v never_o before_o that_o time_n practise_v be_v swear_v by_o the_o tribune_n to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n from_o the_o consul_n and_o not_o to_o depart_v without_o leave_n for_o until_o then_o there_o be_v nothing_o require_v of_o they_o but_o a_o solemn_a promise_n which_o the_o horseman_n make_v by_o their_o decury_n and_o the_o foot_n troop_n by_o their_o century_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o colour_n by_o flight_n or_o through_o fear_n not_o to_o forsake_v their_o rank_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o to_o assault_v a_o enemy_n to_o take_v up_o a_o offensive_a weapon_n or_o to_o save_v a_o citizen_n which_o be_v at_o first_o but_o the_o offer_n of_o a_o free_a mind_n be_v now_o by_o the_o tribune_n require_v by_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o form_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v diverse_o vary_v as_o appear_v by_o aul._n gel._n 4._o and_o more_o special_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n for_o caligula_n make_v this_o addition_n to_o the_o soldier_n oath_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v neither_o their_o life_n nor_o their_o child_n dear_a unto_o they_o then_o the_o emperor_n caiâ—s_v and_o his_o sister_n concern_v the_o respect_n have_v of_o this_o military_a oath_n that_o which_o tully_n report_v of_o cato_n be_v of_o excellent_a note_n popilius_n popilius_n have_v charge_n of_o the_o province_n of_o macedonia_n have_v among_o other_o roman_a youth_n cato_n son_n a_o young_a soldier_n in_o his_o army_n and_o be_v occasion_v to_o dismiss_v a_o legion_n discharge_v likewise_o young_a cato_n be_v one_o of_o that_o legion_n but_o he_o desirous_a to_o bear_v arm_n in_o that_o war_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o army_n whereupon_o cato_n write_v from_o rome_n to_o popilius_n require_v he_o that_o if_o he_o suffer_v his_o son_n to_o remain_v in_o that_o war_n he_o will_v by_o any_o mean_n swear_v he_o again_o for_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o first_o oath_n he_o can_v not_o lawful_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n ever_o since_o constantine_n the_o great_a the_o soldier_n be_v swear_v by_o a_o christian_a oath_n 5._o as_o vegetius_n note_v to_o obey_v all_o thing_n the_o emperor_n shall_v command_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o warfare_n without_o licence_n not_o to_o shun_v death_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a weal._n and_o at_o this_o day_n among_o other_o nation_n a_o oath_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o his_o inrollment_n to_o this_o effect_n well_o and_o lawful_o to_o serve_v the_o king_n towards_o all_o man_n and_o against_o all_o without_o exception_n of_o person_n and_o if_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n concern_v his_o service_n to_o reveal_v the_o same_o incontinent_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o colour_n without_o leave_n either_o of_o the_o general_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v charge_v their_o solemn_a and_o public_a oath_n with_o many_o ceremony_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o form_n which_o be_v use_v in_o ratify_a treaty_n and_o transaction_n their_o herald_n kill_v a_o hog_n and_o cry_v out_o withal_o that_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v to_o he_o that_o first_o falsify_v his_o faith_n polybius_n report_v histor_n that_o he_o that_o read_v the_o oath_n whereby_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n swear_v their_o accord_n have_v the_o hair_n of_o his_o head_n tiedup_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n the_o party_n invocate_a their_o jupiter_n to_o grant_v all_o prosperity_n to_o he_o that_o without_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n do_v enter_v into_o that_o agreement_n but_o if_o say_v he_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n i_o shall_v either_o do_v or_o purpose_n otherwise_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v safe_a and_o sound_a let_v i_o alone_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o law_n and_o justice_n of_o my_o country_n in_o my_o own_o habitation_n and_o dwelling_n and_o within_o my_o proper_a temple_n and_o sepulcher_n perish_v most_o unfortunate_o even_o as_o this_o stone_n fly_v out_o of_o my_o hand_n and_o as_o he_o speak_v those_o word_n he_o cast_v away_o a_o stone_n i_o do_v not_o â—ind_v the_o use_n of_o a_o military_a oath_n in_o our_o nation_n howbeit_o the_o common_a form_n of_o our_o oath_n be_v as_o ceremonious_a and_o significative_a as_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o 3_o part_n it_o contain_v as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o allegorize_v in_o some_o antiquity_n for_o first_o the_o book_n be_v always_o a_o part_n of_o holy_a writ_n imply_v a_o renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o promise_n therein_o contain_v second_o the_o touch_v it_o with_o our_o hand_n infer_v the_o like_a defiance_n of_o our_o work_n never_o to_o be_v successful_a or_o help_a unto_o we_o three_o the_o kiss_n of_o the_o book_n import_v a_o vain_a mispending_a of_o our_o vow_n &_o prayer_n if_o we_o falsify_v any_o thing_n thereby_o aver_v chap._n xxv_o the_o endeavour_n which_o asranius_n use_v to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n but_o fail_v in_o his_o design_n fhe_o matter_n be_v in_o this_o extremity_n caesar_n of_o two_o mean_n which_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v think_v the_o ready_a and_o more_o expedient_a to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n for_o have_v leave_v there_o behind_o they_o a_o little_a corn_n they_o hope_v to_o take_v some_o good_a course_n for_o the_o sequel_n tarraco_n be_v further_o off_o and_o thereby_o subject_a to_o more_o casualty_n concern_v their_o passage_n in_o regard_v whereof_o they_o resolve_v of_o the_o former_a course_n and_o so_o dislodge_v themselves_o caesar_n have_v send_v his_o cavalry_n before_o to_o encumber_v and_o retard_v the_o rere-guard_n follow_v after_o himself_o with_o the_o legion_n the_o hindmost_a troop_n of_o their_o army_n be_v constrain_v without_o any_o intermission_n of_o time_n to_o fight_v with_o our_o horseman_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v thus_o certain_a expedite_a cohort_n free_a of_o carriage_n march_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o their_o army_n and_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n place_n many_o of_o these_o cohort_n make_v a_o stand_n to_o confront_v our_o cavalry_n if_o they_o be_v to_o ascend_v up_o a_o hill_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n do_v easy_o repel_v the_o danger_n wherewith_o they_o be_v threaten_v forasmuch_o as_o such_o as_o go_v before_o may_v easy_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n protect_v they_o that_o follow_v after_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o a_o valley_n or_o descent_n that_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o former_a rank_n can_v not_o help_v they_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o horseman_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n do_v cast_v their_o weapon_n with_o great_a ease_n and_o facility_n upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o continual_o they_o be_v in_o great_a hazard_n &_o danger_n and_o still_o as_o they_o approach_v near_o unto_o such_o place_n they_o call_v to_o the_o legion_n and_o will_v they_o to_o make_v a_o stand_n with_o their_o ensign_n and_o so_o by_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n repel_v our_o cavalry_n who_o be_v retire_v back_o they_o will_v sudden_o take_v a_o run_a and_o get_v all_o down_o into_o the_o valley_n and_o present_o again_o be_v to_o ascend_v into_o high_a ground_n they_o will_v there_o make_v a_o stand_n for_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v help_n of_o their_o own_o cavalry_n whereof_o they_o have_v a_o great_a number_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v they_o between_o their_o troop_n be_v much_o affright_v with_o former_a encounter_n and_o so_o to_o shelter_v and_o protect_v they_o of_o who_o if_o any_o chance_v upon_o occasion_n to_o stray_v aside_o out_o of_o the_o rout_n the_o army_n hold_v they_o be_v present_o attach_v by_o caesar_n horseman_n the_o fight_n continue_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o proceed_v slow_o on_o their_o way_n advancing_z forward_z but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o oftentimes_o stand_v still_o to_o succour_v and_o relieve_v their_o party_n as_o thâ—â—_n it_o fall_v out_o for_o have_v go_v but_o four_o mile_n on_o their_o way_n be_v very_o hardly_o lay_v to_o and_o much_o press_v by_o our_o cavalry_n they_o take_v to_o a_o exceed_o high_a hill_n and_o there_o put_v themselves_o into_o one_o front_n of_o a_o battle_n fortify_v their_o camp_n keep_v their_o carriage_n lade_v upon_o their_o horse_n assoon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o caesar_n camp_n be_v set_v and_o that_o the_o tenâ—s_n be_v up_o and_o their_o horse_n put_v to_o grass_n they_o rise_v sudden_o about_o midday_n upon_o hope_n of_o some_o respite_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o horse_n put_v
give_v argument_n of_o his_o resolution_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v conceive_v by_o this_o passage_n the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o note_v be_v that_o a_o general_n must_v learn_v especial_o to_o disguise_v his_o intendment_n by_o make_v show_n of_o that_o which_o he_o mean_v not_o for_o albeit_o the_o more_o judicious_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v not_o so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o pretence_n as_o with_o deed_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tacit._n condition_n of_o prince_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o private_a person_n require_v such_o a_o direction_n of_o business_n as_o may_v rather_o suit_v with_o fame_n and_o opinion_n then_o with_o particular_a end_n it_o behove_v they_o to_o use_v such_o gloss_n as_o may_v take_v away_o all_o petulant_a and_o sinister_a interpretation_n howsoever_o their_o course_n may_v aim_v at_o other_o purpose_n and_o certain_o penetrabilis_fw-la the_o generality_n of_o people_n be_v better_o pay_v with_o appearance_n then_o with_o truth_n according_a as_o machiavelli_n have_v observe_v but_o concern_v caesar_n that_o which_o ephicrates_n say_v of_o himself_o have_v imbattel_v his_o army_n to_o fight_v that_o he_o fear_v nothing_o more_o then_o that_o his_o enemy_n know_v not_o his_o valour_n may_v more_o proper_o be_v say_v here_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o abuse_v the_o enemy_n more_o or_o make_v they_o take_v up_o so_o many_o bravado_n or_o use_v so_o much_o delay_v before_o they_o come_v to_o composition_n but_o that_o they_o know_v not_o caesar_n for_o as_o the_o eagle_n be_v able_a to_o mount_v aloft_o in_o all_o season_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n so_o be_v his_o sword_n steel_v to_o make_v way_n through_o all_o resistance_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o next_o place_n imbattel_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattel_v come_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o general_o in_o all_o edition_n run_v this_o acies_fw-la erat_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legio_fw-la v._n &_o iii_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortis_fw-la obtinebat_fw-la caesaris_fw-la triplex_fw-la sed_fw-la primam_fw-la aciem_fw-la quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la v._o legione_fw-la tenebant_fw-la have_v subsidiariae_fw-la ternae_fw-la &_o rursus_fw-la aliae_fw-la totidem_fw-la suae_fw-la cujusque_fw-la legionis_fw-la subsequebantur_fw-la sagittarii_fw-la funditoresque_fw-la media_fw-la continebantur_fw-la acie_n equitatus_fw-la latera_fw-la cingebat_fw-la and_o need_v the_o help_n of_o some_o excellent_a critic_n to_o make_v it_o have_v answerable_a sense_n to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o history_n for_o first_o how_o shall_v we_o understand_v those_o word_n acies_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legio_fw-la v._n &_o iii_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la afranius_n his_o army_n be_v in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o three_o for_o succour_n shall_v we_o take_v the_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o the_o first_o legion_n stand_v in_o front_n and_o the_o other_o stand_v for_o succour_n behind_o or_o shall_v we_o take_v it_o with_o faernus_n acies_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la ex_fw-la legione_fw-la prima_fw-la &_o tertia_fw-la in_fw-la subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la obtinebant_fw-la afranius_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o the_o first_o legion_n and_o the_o three_o the_o cohort_n which_o use_v to_o be_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v put_v in_o place_n of_o the_o succour_n but_o neither_o by_o the_o one_o or_o by_o the_o other_o be_v there_o find_v more_o than_o two_o legion_n whereas_o there_o be_v express_a mention_n of_o five_o beside_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o as_o not_o know_v other_o more_o probable_a i_o have_v translate_v it_o according_a to_o lipsius_n correction_n romana_fw-la and_o make_v the_o text_n thus_o acies_fw-la erat_fw-la afraniana_n duplex_fw-la legionum_fw-la quinque_fw-la &_o in_o subsidiis_fw-la locum_fw-la alariae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la obtinebant_fw-la afranius_n have_v put_v his_o army_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o first_o consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o auxiliary_a cohort_n which_o usual_o serve_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v now_o place_v for_o succour_n and_o make_v the_o second_o battle_n the_o first_o battle_n consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o second_o of_o the_o spanish_a and_o auxiliary_a force_n the_o like_a help_n must_v be_v lend_v to_o caesar_n for_o otherwise_o the_o text_n do_v afford_v he_o but_o few_o cohort_n stand_v thus_o primam_fw-la aciem_fw-la quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la quinta_fw-la legione_fw-la tenebant_fw-la have_v ternae_fw-la &_o rursus_fw-la aliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o first_o battle_n be_v of_o four_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o five_o legion_n then_o follow_v three_o and_o then_o as_o many_o other_o &c._n &c._n for_o undoubted_o caesar_n have_v five_o legion_n equal_a to_o afranius_n but_o be_v far_o inferior_a unto_o he_o in_o auxiliary_a troop_n be_v drive_v to_o a_o more_o artificial_a division_n to_o help_v his_o weakness_n in_o that_o point_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o same_o critic_n have_v mend_v it_o we_o be_v to_o read_v quaternae_fw-la cohortes_fw-la ex_fw-la quinque_fw-la legionibus_fw-la four_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o five_o legion_n which_o bring_v forth_o this_o sense_n in_o the_o first_o battle_n be_v five_o time_n four_o cohort_n in_o the_o second_o five_o time_n three_o cohort_n and_o as_o many_o in_o the_o three_o battle_n and_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o suae_fw-la cujusque_fw-la legionis_fw-la of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o legion_n it_o appear_v that_o every_o legion_n be_v so_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n that_o it_o have_v four_o cohort_n in_o the_o first_o battle_n three_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o in_o the_o last_o concern_v the_o space_n which_o their_o army_n imbattel_v take_v up_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a distance_n between_o their_o camp_n contain_v two_o thousand_o foot_n whereof_o either_o army_n take_v up_o one_o three_o be_v 666_o foot_n or_o a_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o pase_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o furlong_n but_o that_o alter_a more_o or_o less_o as_o place_n and_o occasion_n require_v chap._n xxvii_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n caesar_n go_v about_o to_o finish_v and_o end_v the_o fortification_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v and_o the_o enemy_n to_o try_v whether_o they_o may_v find_v a_o ford_n in_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o so_o get_v over_o which_o be_v perceive_v caesar_n carry_v over_o the_o light-armed_n german_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o dispose_v they_o in_o guard_n along_o the_o river_n bank_n at_o length_n be_v besiege_v and_o shut_v up_o on_o all_o side_n and_o have_v keep_v their_o horse_n without_o meat_n four_o day_n together_o beside_o their_o extreme_a want_n of_o water_n wood_n and_o corn_n they_o require_v a_o parley_n and_o that_o if_o it_o may_v be_v in_o some_o place_n out_o of_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o soldier_n which_o caesar_n deny_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o public_a whereupon_o afraniâ—s_n his_o son_n be_v give_v in_o hostage_n to_o caesar_n and_o so_o they_o present_v themselves_o in_o a_o place_n of_o caesar_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o hear_n of_o both_o the_o army_n afranius_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v offend_v neither_o with_o he_o nor_o with_o the_o soldier_n for_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a to_o the_o general_n cn._n pompeius_n but_o now_o have_v make_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o their_o duty_n they_o have_v also_o thorough_o suffer_v for_o the_o same_o have_v endure_v the_o extremity_n of_o want_n in_o all_o necessary_a provision_n insomuch_o as_o now_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o as_o woman_n keep_v from_o water_n keep_v from_o go_v out_o oppress_v with_o a_o great_a weight_n of_o grief_n in_o body_n and_o of_o dishonour_n in_o their_o reputation_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v and_o therefore_o dâ—d_v confess_v themselves_o to_o be_v vanquish_v and_o overcome_v pray_v and_o beseech_v that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o mercy_n leave_v they_o may_v not_o undergo_v the_o extremity_n of_o fortune_n salutis_fw-la and_o this_o he_o deliver_v as_o humble_o and_o demissive_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o which_o caesar_n answer_v that_o these_o term_n of_o complaint_n and_o compassion_n can_v be_v use_v to_o no_o man_n more_o unproper_o than_o himself_o vita_fw-la for_o whereas_o every_o man_n else_o do_v his_o duty_n he_o only_o upon_o fit_a â—_z of_o time_n and_o place_n refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o to_o the_o end_n all_o circumstance_n may_v concur_v to_o apeace_v albeit_o his_o army_n have_v suffer_v much_o wrong_n in_o the_o death_n and_o slaughter_n of_o their_o fellow_n yet_o he_o have_v keep_v and_o preserve_v such_o of_o their_o party_n as_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o come_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o move_v apeace_n wherein_o they_o think_v they_o go_v about_o to_o procure_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o their_o fellow_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o proceed_n with_o they_o consist_v of_o clemency_n howbeit_o their_o commander_n
multitude_n run_v out_o to_o hear_v the_o news_n which_o be_v once_o know_v there_o be_v such_o a_o general_a mourning_n and_o desolation_n as_o though_o the_o town_n be_v instant_o to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n notwithstanding_o they_o leave_v not_o off_o to_o make_v ready_a such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o observation_n the_o benefit_n a_o town_n besiege_v receive_v from_o a_o open_a inlet_n by_o sea_n can_v be_v better_a manifest_v then_o by_o the_o siege_n of_o ostend_n for_o by_o that_o occasion_n special_o it_o endure_v the_o most_o famous_a siege_n that_o be_v in_o christendom_n these_o many_o year_n this_o l._n nasidius_n be_v rather_o a_o constant_a friend_n to_o the_o cause_n than_o a_o fortunate_a admiral_n for_o afterward_o he_o refuse_v not_o to_o take_v the_o like_a overthrow_n for_o pompey_n the_o son_n cassius_n at_o leucades_n as_o he_o do_v now_o for_o the_o father_n and_o sure_o it_o fall_v out_o whether_o it_o be_v through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o seafaring_a matter_n mare_fw-la or_o that_o man_n have_v fair_a pretence_n at_o sea_n to_o avoid_v occasion_n of_o hazard_n then_o be_v find_v at_o land_n or_o that_o pauca_fw-la digna_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la in_o mari_n annal._n few_o thing_n of_o value_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n or_o for_o what_o other_o cause_n i_o know_v not_o that_o there_o be_v few_o of_o those_o which_o seek_v honour_n in_o this_o kind_n who_o have_v attain_v the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o desire_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o some_o there_o be_v of_o famous_a memory_n as_o soliman_n barbarussa_n a_o terror_n of_o the_o levant_n sea_n andrea_n auria_n of_o genua_n renown_v for_o his_o great_a exploit_n upon_o the_o turk_n together_o with_o divers_a of_o our_o own_o nation_n as_o namely_o sir_n francis_n drake_n who_o for_o skill_n and_o fortune_n at_o sea_n be_v hold_v matchable_a with_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o beside_o mr._n candish_n for_o voyage_n to_o the_o south_n and_o sir_n martin_n frobisher_n for_o discovery_n to_o the_o north._n howbeit_o these_o late_a time_n have_v advantage_n without_o comparison_n of_o former_a age_n through_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o sea-compass_n with_o the_o needle_n which_o be_v find_v out_o little_o more_o than_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o by_o one_o flavus_n bear_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n can_v shape_v a_o course_n in_o the_o ocean_n and_o to_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v more_o than_o to_o find_v a_o perfect_a and_o ready_a direction_n for_o longitude_n chap._n four_o the_o work_n which_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n make_v against_o the_o town_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n caesar_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o right_a part_n of_o the_o work_n that_o it_o will_v much_o advantage_v they_o against_o the_o often_o eruption_n and_o sally_n of_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o build_v a_o tower_n of_o brick_n under_o the_o town_n wall_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o hold_v or_o receptacle_n which_o at_o first_o they_o make_v low_a and_o little_a only_o for_o the_o repel_v of_o sudden_a assault_n thither_o they_o usual_o retreat_v and_o from_o thence_o if_o they_o be_v overcharge_v they_o make_v defence_n either_o by_o beat_v back_o or_o prosecute_a a_o enemy_n this_o tower_n be_v thirty_o foot_n square_a and_o the_o wall_n thereof_o five_o foot_n thick_a but_o afterward_o as_o use_n and_o experience_n be_v the_o master_n of_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v find_v by_o insight_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n that_o this_o tower_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o any_o height_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v in_o this_o fashion_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o story_n they_o so_o frame_v the_o floor_n that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foist_n do_v not_o â—ittâ—e_v out_o beyond_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n lest_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v thrust_v out_o on_o which_o the_o fire_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v cast_v may_v take_v hold_v and_o then_o pave_v that_o floor_n with_o as_o much_o brick_n as_o the_o mantelet_n and_o gabion_n will_v suffer_v to_o be_v lay_v upon_o this_o terrace_n thus_o make_v they_o lay_v cross_a beam_n along_o the_o side_n as_o a_o foundation_n to_o a_o upper_a story_n for_o the_o top_n and_o cover_v of_o the_o tower_n and_o upon_o these_o beam_n they_o raise_v cross_a timber_n thwart_v each_o other_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o couple_v they_o at_o the_o top_n with_o side_n beam_n these_o cross_a timber_n be_v long_o and_o bare_a further_o out_o then_o the_o square_a of_o the_o tower_n that_o there_o may_v be_v mean_n to_o fasten_v cover_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o blow_n and_o dart_n of_o the_o enemy_n while_o the_o workman_n be_v finish_v the_o wall_n and_o side_n of_o that_o build_n the_o top_n or_o upper_a story_n of_o this_o tower_n they_o likewise_o pave_v with_o brick_n and_o clay_n that_o no_o fire_n may_v fasten_v on_o it_o and_o lay_v matteress_n on_o the_o top_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n the_o floor_n may_v not_o be_v break_v with_o any_o weapon_n shoot_v out_o of_o engine_n nor_o the_o pavement_n shiver_v in_o piece_n with_o stone_n cast_v out_o of_o catapult_n moreover_o they_o make_v three_o netting_n or_o mat_n of_o hawser_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o upon_o those_o three_o side_n which_o confront_v the_o enemy_n they_o fasten_v they_o upon_o pole_n to_o hang_v before_o the_o tower_n which_o kind_n of_o defence_n they_o have_v in_o other_o place_n try_v to_o bâ—_n of_o proof_n and_o not_o to_o be_v pierce_v with_o any_o weapon_n or_o engine_n and_o as_o one_o part_n of_o the_o tower_n come_v to_o be_v cover_v finish_v and_o fortify_v against_o any_o violence_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o carry_v their_o mantelet_n and_o defence_n to_o the_o rest_n unfinished_a the_o top_n of_o which_o tower_n they_o frame_v upon_o the_o first_o story_n and_o then_o raise_v it_o up_o with_o wrinche_z or_o screw_n as_o far_o as_o the_o close_a net_n will_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o defence_n and_o so_o cover_v with_o these_o shelter_n and_o safeguard_n they_o build_v up_o the_o side_n with_o brick_n and_o then_o again_o scrue_v up_o the_o top_n high_o they_o fit_v the_o place_n to_o build_v the_o side_n high_a and_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o story_n they_o lay_v the_o joyst_n of_o the_o floor_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v hide_v and_o cover_v with_o the_o wall_n or_o side_n that_o be_v of_o brick_n and_o so_o from_o that_o story_n they_o proceed_v to_o another_o by_o scrue_v up_o the_o top_n and_o raise_v their_o net_n by_o which_o mean_v they_o build_v very_o safe_o six_o story_n without_o any_o wound_n or_o other_o danger_n at_o all_o and_o leave_v window_n and_o loophole_n in_o the_o side_n for_o the_o put_v out_o of_o engine_n in_o such_o place_n as_o they_o think_v convenient_a when_o by_o mean_n of_o that_o tower_n they_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o defend_v the_o work_n near_o about_o it_o they_o then_o make_v a_o musculum_n or_o mouse_n of_o sixty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o two_o foot_n timber_n square_a to_o convey_v they_o safe_o from_o this_o tower_n of_o brick_n to_o another_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o the_o town_n wall_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o form_n they_o cut_v two_o side_n groundsil_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o make_v the_o space_n between_o they_o to_o contain_v four_o foot_n upon_o they_o they_o erect_v little_a column_n of_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o join_v they_o together_o put_v brace_n of_o a_o easy_a slope_v in_o such_o distance_n as_o the_o rafter_n be_v to_o be_v place_v to_o bear_v up_o the_o roof_n and_o upon_o those_o brace_n they_o lay_v rafter_n of_o two_o foot_n square_a fasten_v they_o both_o at_o the_o ridge_n and_o at_o the_o eaving_n with_o plate_n and_o bolt_n of_o iron_n they_o lathe_v the_o roof_n with_o lath_n of_o four_o finger_n broad_a and_o so_o the_o building_n be_v make_v with_o a_o gable-ridge_n handsome_o fashion_v the_o top_n be_v lay_v all_o over_o with_o clay_n to_o keep_v the_o mouse_n from_o burn_v and_o then_o cover_v with_o tile_n which_o be_v fence_v with_o leather_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v not_o be_v wash_v away_o with_o pipe_n or_o gutter_n of_o water_n which_o may_v be_v lay_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o lest_o those_o hide_n shall_v be_v spoil_v either_o with_o fire_n or_o great_a stone_n they_o lay_v matteress_n upon_o they_o this_o work_n be_v whole_o finish_v near_o unto_o the_o tower_n through_o the_o help_n and_o mean_n of_o defensive_a mantelet_n &_o gabions_z suddenly_z before_z
dictator_n caesar_n caius_n princeps_fw-la &_o domitius_n nero_n infausto_fw-la ut_fw-la omnium_fw-la patuit_fw-la exâ—tu_fw-la incepto_fw-la king_n demetrius_n caesar_n the_o dictator_n caiâ—s_v the_o prince_n and_o domitius_n nero_n all_o of_o they_o attempt_v to_o draw_v through_o this_o neck_n of_o land_n with_o a_o navigable_a channel_n without_o any_o success_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o issue_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n sâ—sostris_n and_o since_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o ottoman_n they_o go_v about_o to_o bring_v the_o red_a sea_n into_o nile_n but_o fear_v it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o drown_v the_o land_n one_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o another_o they_o give_v over_o the_o enterprise_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o like_a consideration_n or_o otherwise_o fear_v to_o correct_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n they_o forbear_v to_o make_v a_o passage_n between_o nombre_fw-fr ac_fw-la dios_n and_o panama_n and_o so_o to_o join_v one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v say_v to_o be_v intend_v chap._n xxi_o a_o accident_n which_o fall_v out_o by_o two_o brethren_n of_o savoy_n in_o caesar_n army_n there_o be_v in_o caesar_n camp_n two_o brethren_n of_o savoy_n caesar_n roscillus_n and_o aegus_n the_o son_n of_o adbucillus_fw-la who_o for_o many_o year_n together_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o state_n these_o be_v man_n of_o singular_a worth_n and_o have_v do_v caesar_n very_o great_a service_n in_o all_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n caesar_n have_v advance_v they_o to_o great_a &_o honourable_a charge_n in_o their_o country_n and_o cause_v they_o extraordinary_o to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o bestow_v much_o of_o the_o enemy_n land_n upon_o they_o beside_o great_a sum_n of_o ready_a money_n and_o of_o poor_a have_v make_v they_o rich_a these_o man_n be_v not_o only_o well_o respect_v by_o caesar_n but_o be_v in_o good_a account_n throughout_o all_o the_o army_n howbeit_o rely_v too_o much_o on_o caesaâ—'s_n favour_n and_o puff_v up_o with_o foolish_a and_o barbarous_a arrogancy_n they_o disdain_v their_o own_o man_n deceive_v the_o horseman_n of_o their_o pay_n and_o avert_v all_o pillage_n from_o public_a distribution_n to_o their_o own_o particular_a the_o horseman_n provoke_v with_o these_o injury_n come_v all_o to_o caesar_n and_o complain_v open_o thereof_o add_v far_a that_o their_o troop_n be_v not_o full_a nor_o answerable_a to_o the_o list_n or_o muster-role_n by_o which_o they_o require_v payment_n caesar_n think_v it_o no_o fit_a time_n of_o punishment_n and_o withal_o attribute_v much_o to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o man_n put_v off_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o chide_v they_o private_o for_o make_v a_o gain_n of_o their_o troop_n of_o horse_n will_v they_o to_o expect_v a_o supply_n of_o all_o their_o want_n from_o his_o favour_n according_a as_o their_o service_n have_v well_o deserve_v nevertheless_o the_o matter_n bring_v they_o into_o great_a scandal_n and_o contempt_n with_o all_o man_n which_o they_o plain_o perceive_v both_o by_o the_o speech_n of_o other_o man_n as_o also_o by_o that_o they_o may_v judge_v themselves_o milone_n their_o own_o conscience_n accuse_v they_o with_o which_o reproach_n and_o shame_n they_o be_v so_o move_v and_o think_v peradventure_o that_o they_o be_v not_o quit_v thereof_o but_o defer_v until_o some_o other_o time_n that_o they_o resolve_v to_o leave_v the_o army_n to_o seek_v new_a fortune_n and_o make_v proof_n of_o other_o acquaintance_n and_o have_v impart_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o few_o of_o their_o follower_n to_o who_o they_o dare_v communicate_v so_o great_a a_o disloialty_n first_o they_o go_v about_o to_o kill_v c._n volusenus_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n as_o after_o the_o war_n be_v end_v be_v discover_v that_o they_o may_v come_v to_o pompey_n upon_o some_o deserve_a service_n but_o after_o they_o find_v it_o hard_o to_o accomplish_v they_o take_v up_o as_o much_o money_n as_o they_o can_v borrow_v as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o have_v pay_v their_o troop_n what_o they_o former_o have_v defraud_v they_o of_o and_o have_v bring_v many_o horse_n they_o go_v to_o pompey_n together_o with_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o purpose_n pompey_n find_v they_o gentleman_n of_o sort_n liberal_o bring_v up_o attend_v with_o a_o great_a retinue_n and_o many_o horse_n and_o both_o of_o they_o very_o valiant_a and_o in_o good_a account_n with_o caesar_n and_o withal_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o unusual_a and_o strange_a accident_n he_o lead_v they_o about_o the_o work_n and_o show_v they_o all_o the_o fortification_n for_o before_o that_o time_n no_o man_n either_o soldier_n or_o horseman_n have_v flee_v from_o caesar_n to_o pompey_n whereas_o daily_o they_o come_v from_o pompey_n to_o caesar_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v enroll_v in_o epirus_n and_o aetolia_n which_o country_n be_v at_o caesar_n devotion_n these_o two_o brethren_n exact_o understand_v all_o thing_n in_o caesar_n camp_n as_o well_o concern_v such_o work_n as_o be_v perfect_a as_o such_o other_o wherein_o man_n skilful_a in_o war_n may_v find_v defect_n together_o with_o the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n and_o distance_n of_o place_n as_o also_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o guard_n with_o the_o nature_n and_o endeavour_n of_o every_o man_n that_o have_v a_o charge_n relate_v all_o particular_o to_o pompey_n observation_n we_o may_v here_o observe_v the_o sincerity_n and_o direct_a carriage_n of_o inferior_a commander_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n by_o the_o scandal_n these_o two_o sâ—voâ—ens_n run_v into_o for_o make_v false_a muster_n and_o defraud_v the_o soldier_n of_o their_o due_n a_o matter_n so_o ordinary_a in_o these_o our_o time_n as_o custom_n seem_v to_o justify_v the_o abuse_n for_o what_o more_o common_a in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o modern_a war_n then_o to_o make_v gain_n of_o company_n by_o muster_v more_o than_o they_o have_v in_o pay_n and_o by_o turn_v that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o soldier_n to_o their_o own_o benefit_n the_o first_o whereof_o if_o it_o be_v due_o weigh_v be_v a_o offence_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n against_o the_o state_n and_o the_o second_o such_o a_o injury_n to_o the_o soldier_n as_o can_v hardly_o be_v answer_v it_o be_v merry_o as_o i_o take_v it_o aid_n by_o columella_n that_o in_o foro_fw-la concessunâ—_n latrocinium_fw-la robbery_n be_v lawful_a in_o course_n at_o law_n but_o for_o those_o to_o who_o be_v commit_v the_o safety_n of_o a_o kingdom_n to_o betray_v the_o trust_n repose_v in_o they_o by_o raise_v their_o mean_n with_o dead_a pay_v and_o consequent_o stead_v the_o cause_n with_o dead_a service_n as_o also_o by_o disable_n their_o companion_n and_o fellow-soldier_n from_o do_v those_o duty_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o want_v of_o due_a entertainment_n be_v a_o thing_n deserve_v a_o heavy_a censure_n and_o will_v doubtless_o fall_v out_o unto_o they_o as_o it_o do_v to_o these_o two_o brethren_n the_o sequel_n whereof_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o story_n cyâ—op_n and_o confirm_v that_o of_o xenophon_n dii_fw-la haud_fw-la impunita_fw-la relinquunt_fw-la impâ—a_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la hominum_fw-la facta_fw-la the_o god_n do_v not_o suffer_v the_o impiety_n and_o wickedness_n of_o man_n to_o escape_v unpunished_a chap._n xxii_o pompey_n attempt_v to_o break_v out_o put_v caesar_n party_n to_o great_a loss_n pompey_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o thing_n caesar_n &_o have_v former_o resolve_v to_o break_v out_o as_o be_v already_o declare_v give_v order_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o make_v they_o cover_n for_o their_o morion_n of_o osier_n and_o to_o get_v some_o store_n of_o bavin_n and_o faggot_n which_o be_v prepare_v he_o ship_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o light-armed_n soldier_n and_o archer_n together_o with_o those_o faggot_n in_o skiff_n and_o galley_n and_o about_o midnight_n he_o draw_v threescore_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o great_a camp_n and_o the_o place_n of_o garrison_n and_o send_v they_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o â—ortification_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o sea_n and_o far_a off_o from_o caesar_n great_a camp_n thither_o also_o he_o send_v the_o ship_n beforementioned_a fill_v with_o light-armed_n man_n and_o faggot_n together_o with_o as_o many_o other_o galley_n as_o be_v at_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o give_v direction_n how_o every_o man_n shall_v employ_v himself_o caesar_n have_v leave_v lentulus_n marcellinus_n the_o treasurer_n with_o the_o legion_n new_o enroll_v to_o keep_v that_o fortification_n who_o for_o that_o he_o be_v sickly_a and_o of_o a_o ill_a disposition_n of_o body_n have_v substitute_v fulvius_n posthumus_n as_o his_o coadjutor_n there_o be_v in_o that_o place_n a_o â—rench_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n deep_a and_o a_o rampire_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o ten_o foot_n in_o 〈◊〉_d and_o as_o much_o in_o breadth_n and_o about_o six_o hundred_o
legion_n that_o have_v lose_v many_o centurion_n and_o be_v very_o weak_a in_o soldier_n towards_o pompey_n legion_n and_o the_o lesser_a camp_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n neither_o do_v his_o opinion_n deceive_v he_o for_o he_o come_v thither_o before_o pompey_n can_v perceive_v it_o and_o albeit_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v great_a yet_o assault_v it_o speedy_o with_o the_o left_a cornet_n wherein_o he_o himself_o be_v he_o drive_v pompey_n soldier_n from_o the_o rampire_n there_o stand_v a_o eâ—itius_n turn-pike_n in_o the_o gate_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o resistance_n for_o a_o while_n and_o as_o our_o man_n will_v have_v enter_v they_o valiant_o defend_v the_o camp_n t._n pulcio_n by_o who_o mean_n c._n antonius_n army_n be_v betray_v as_o we_o have_v former_o declare_v fight_v there_o most_o valiant_o yet_o nevertheless_o our_o man_n overcome_v they_o by_o valour_n and_o cut_v up_o the_o turn-pike_n enter_v first_o into_o the_o great_a camp_n and_o afterward_o into_o the_o castle_n and_o slay_v many_o that_o resist_v of_o the_o legion_n that_o be_v force_v thither_o but_o fortune_n that_o can_v do_v much_o in_o all_o thing_n and_o special_o in_o war_n do_v in_o a_o small_a moment_n of_o time_n bring_v great_a alteration_n as_o it_o then_o happen_v for_o the_o cohort_n of_o caesar_n right_a cornet_n ignorant_a of_o the_o place_n follow_v the_o rampire_n which_o go_v along_o from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o river_n seek_v after_o the_o gate_n and_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o rampire_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o when_o they_o perceive_v that_o it_o join_v to_o the_o river_n they_o present_o get_v over_o it_o no_o man_n resist_v they_o and_o all_o the_o cavalry_n follow_v after_o those_o cohort_n observation_n pompey_n have_v clear_v his_o army_n of_o that_o siege_n it_o boot_v not_o caesar_n to_o prosecute_v his_o purpose_n any_o long_o for_o when_o the_o end_n be_v miss_v for_o which_o any_o course_n be_v undertake_v it_o be_v folly_n to_o seek_v it_o by_o that_o mean_n we_o must_v rather_o choose_v new_a way_n that_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o hope_n then_o follow_v the_o old_a tract_n which_o sort_v to_o no_o effect_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o general_n be_v no_o way_n disable_v for_o 〈…〉_z albeit_o a_o wise_a man_n do_v not_o always_o keep_v one_o pace_n yet_o still_o he_o hold_v one_o and_o the_o same_o way_n second_o that_o of_o xerxes_n appear_v to_o be_v true_a that_o great_a attempt_n be_v always_o make_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o danger_n wherein_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o heathen_a world_n ascribe_v all_o to_o fortune_n herodot_n as_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o all_o remarkable_a event_n 7._o and_o that_o which_o fill_v up_o both_o the_o page_n of_o all_o the_o book_n wherein_o man_n note_v the_o course_n of_o thing_n clades_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la acceptae_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la ignaviae_fw-la sed_fw-la aliquando_fw-la fortunae_fw-la temeritati_fw-la sunt_fw-la imputandae_fw-la loss_n receive_v in_o war_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o slothful_a carriage_n but_o oftentimes_o to_o the_o temerity_n of_o fortune_n say_v archidamus_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v aim_v at_o by_o caesar_n chap._n xxiiii_o the_o â—ight_n continue_v and_o caesar_n lose_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n pompey_n caesar_n after_o so_o long_a a_o respite_n of_o time_n have_v notice_n thereof_o take_v the_o first_o legion_n from_o their_o work_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o succour_v their_o fellow_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o cavalry_n do_v approach_v near_o our_o horseman_n and_o our_o man_n that_o possess_v the_o camp_n do_v discover_v a_o army_n imbattel_v come_v against_o they_o and_o all_o thing_n be_v sudden_o change_v for_o pompey_n legion_n assure_v with_o a_o speedy_a hope_n of_o succour_n begin_v to_o make_v resistance_n at_o the_o decumane_a gate_n and_o voluntary_o charge_v our_o man_n caesar_n cavalry_n be_v get_v over_o the_o rampire_n into_o a_o narrow_a passage_n fear_v how_o they_o may_v retreat_v in_o safety_n begin_v to_o fly_v away_o the_o right_a cornet_n seclude_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o left_a perceive_v the_o terror_n of_o the_o horseman_n lest_o they_o may_v be_v endanger_v within_o the_o fortification_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o other_o side_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v and_o most_o of_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v surprise_v in_o the_o straits_n cast_v themselves_o over_o work_n of_o ten_o foot_n high_a into_o the_o ditch_n and_o such_o as_o first_o get_v over_o be_v tread_v under_o foot_n by_o such_o as_o follow_v after_o the_o rest_n save_v themselves_o in_o pass_v over_o their_o body_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o left_a cornet_n perceive_v from_o the_o rampire_n that_o pompey_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o that_o their_o own_o side_n flee_v away_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o those_o straits_n have_v the_o enemy_n both_o without_o and_o within_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o return_v back_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v whereby_o there_o happen_v nothing_o but_o tumult_n fear_n and_o flight_n insomuch_o as_o when_o caesar_n catch_v hold_v with_o his_o hand_n of_o the_o ensign_n of_o they_o that_o sle_z and_o command_v they_o to_o stand_v some_o for_o fear_v leave_v their_o ensign_n behind_o they_o other_o forsake_v their_o horse_n keep_v on_o their_o course_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o one_o of_o they_o that_o will_v stand_v notwithstanding_o in_o this_o so_o great_a a_o calamity_n and_o mishap_n these_o help_n fall_v out_o to_o relieve_v we_o when_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o that_o pompey_n fear_v some_o treachery_n for_o that_o as_o i_o think_v it_o happen_v beyond_o his_o expectation_n who_o a_o little_a before_o see_v his_o man_n fly_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n dare_v not_o for_o a_o good_a while_n approach_n near_o the_o fortification_n and_o our_o man_n possess_v the_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o port_n do_v hinder_v the_o horseman_n from_o follow_v after_o and_o so_o a_o small_a matter_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o accident_n on_o either_o side_n for_o the_o rampire_n which_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o river_n pompey_n camp_n be_v already_o take_v be_v the_o only_a hindrance_n of_o caesar_n expedite_a and_o easy_a victory_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n hinder_v the_o speedy_a follow_v of_o their_o horseman_n be_v the_o only_a safety_n and_o help_n of_o our_o man_n in_o those_o two_o fight_n there_o be_v want_v of_o caesar_n man_n nine_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o and_o horseman_n of_o note_n r._n felginas_fw-la tuticanus_n gallus_n a_o senator_n son_n c._n felginas_fw-la of_o placentia_n agravius_n of_o puteolis_n sacrativirus_n of_o capua_n ten_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o thirty_o centurion_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o perish_v in_o the_o trench_n in_o the_o fortification_n and_o on_o the_o river_n bank_n press_v to_o death_n with_o the_o fear_n and_o â—light_n of_o their_o fellow_n without_o any_o blow_n or_o wound_v give_v they_o there_o be_v lose_v at_o that_o time_n thirty_o two_o military_a ensign_n pompey_n upon_o that_o sight_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n which_o title_n he_o then_o obtain_v and_o so_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v style_v afterward_o howbeit_o he_o use_v it_o not_o in_o any_o of_o his_o missive_n nor_o yet_o wear_v any_o laurel_n in_o the_o bundle_n of_o rod_n carry_v before_o he_o labienus_n have_v beg_v all_o the_o captive_n cause_v they_o for_o great_a ostentation_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o in_o public_a and_o to_o give_v the_o more_o assurance_n to_o such_o as_o be_v flee_v thither_o from_o caesar_n party_n call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o fellow-soldier_n in_o great_a derision_n ask_v they_o whether_o old_a soldier_n be_v wont_a to_o fly_v and_o so_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v slay_v pompey_n party_n take_v such_o a_o assurance_n and_o spirit_n upon_o these_o thing_n that_o they_o think_v no_o far_o of_o the_o course_n of_o war_n but_o carry_v themselves_o as_o though_o they_o be_v already_o victor_n not_o respect_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o this_o the_o paucity_n of_o our_o man_n nor_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o straightness_n thereof_o the_o camp_n be_v possess_v and_o the_o doubtful_a terror_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o work_n not_o yet_o the_o army_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o help_v or_o succour_v the_o other_o neither_o yet_o do_v they_o add_v to_o this_o that_o the_o fight_n be_v not_o make_v by_o any_o valiant_a encounter_n or_o in_o form_n of_o battle_n but_o that_o they_o receive_v more_o hurt_n from_o the_o
desirous_a to_o have_v fight_v with_o they_o yet_o wonder_v at_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o pitch_v his_o camp_n direct_o over_o against_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o a_o valley_n which_o be_v more_o in_o deepness_n downward_o then_o in_o wideness_n any_o way_n at_o the_o bottom_n this_o camp_n he_o command_v to_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o rampire_n of_o twelve_o foot_n and_o a_o open_a gallery_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o a_o double_a ditch_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fifteen_o foot_n apiece_o with_o side_n plum_n down_o and_o many_o turret_n to_o be_v rear_v of_o three_o story_n high_a and_o to_o be_v join_v together_o with_o draw-bridge_n to_o let_v down_o at_o pleasure_n the_o front_n whereof_o be_v fence_v with_o grate_n of_o wicker_n to_o the_o intent_n the_o enemy_n may_v be_v repulse_v with_o double_a row_n of_o defendant_n of_o which_o the_o one_o from_o the_o bridge_n the_o more_o out_o of_o danger_n they_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n so_o much_o the_o bold_o and_o the_o far_o off_o may_v they_o send_v their_o dart_n the_o other_o the_o near_o they_o be_v place_v to_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o rampire_n so_o much_o the_o better_a shall_v they_o be_v cover_v from_o the_o artillery_n that_o may_v fall_v down_o upon_o they_o and_o over_o the_o gate_n he_o make_v high_a tower_n this_o kind_n of_o fortification_n be_v to_o two_o good_a purpose_n for_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o work_n and_o his_o pretence_n of_o fear_n he_o hope_v to_o put_v the_o barbarous_a gall_n into_o a_o great_a confidence_n and_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o send_v out_o far_o for_o forage_v or_o victual_n he_o see_v that_o the_o camp_n may_v be_v defend_v with_o a_o small_a power_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o fortification_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o mean_a while_n party_n on_o both_o side_n will_v several_a time_n go_v out_o and_o skirmish_n in_o the_o marish_a that_o be_v between_o our_o two_o camp_n the_o which_o oftentimes_o either_o the_o gall_n and_o german_n that_o be_v of_o our_o host_n will_v pass_v and_o eager_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n or_o else_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o enemy_n pass_v over_o it_o do_v send_v our_o man_n far_o off_o it_o happen_v in_o our_o daily_a forage_n as_o there_o be_v no_o other_o shift_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o fetch_v forage_n at_o house_n that_o stand_v scatter_v far_o a_o sunder_a that_o our_o forage_v being_n dissever_v in_o disadvantageous_a place_n be_v entrap_v the_o which_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v some_o loss_n to_o we_o of_o our_o beast_n of_o carriage_n and_o slave_n so_o it_o heighten_v the_o foolish_a courage_n of_o the_o barbarous_a gall_n and_o that_o so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o comius_n of_o arras_n who_o we_o say_v before_o be_v go_v to_o fetch_v aid_n of_o the_o german_n be_v return_v with_o some_o horse_n of_o who_o although_o there_o be_v not_o above_o the_o number_n of_o five_o hundred_o yet_o the_o gall_n be_v puff_v up_o at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o german_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n strengthen_v himself_o with_o more_o force_n the_o man_n of_o rheims_n worsted_n by_o the_o enemy_n and_o they_o again_o by_o the_o german_n on_o caesar_n party_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v how_o his_o enemy_n keep_v themselves_o many_o day_n together_o within_o their_o camp_n which_o be_v fortify_v both_o with_o a_o marish_a and_o also_o with_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o assault_v they_o without_o manifest_a peril_n nor_o enclose_v the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v with_o any_o fortification_n without_o a_o great_a army_n he_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o trebonius_n that_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o haste_n possible_a send_v for_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n which_o winter_v among_o the_o bituriges_n under_o t._n sextius_n the_o legate_n and_o so_o with_o three_o legion_n make_v long_o march_v to_o come_v to_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a season_n he_o send_v out_o by_o turn_n the_o horseman_n of_o rheims_n and_o of_o the_o lingones_n and_o other_o state_n of_o who_o he_o have_v call_v forth_o a_o great_a number_n to_o safe-conduct_n the_o forager_n and_o to_o withstand_v the_o sudden_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n this_o be_v do_v day_n by_o day_n and_o our_o man_n take_v now_o less_o heed_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n with_o they_o which_o thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o daily_a custom_n the_o bellovaci_n with_o a_o band_n of_o choose_a footman_n know_v the_o place_n where_o our_o horseman_n daily_o keep_v their_o stand_n lay_v ambush_n in_o woody_a place_n and_o the_o next_o day_n they_o send_v thither_o their_o horseman_n first_o to_o draw_v cut_v our_o man_n into_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o ambushment_n and_o then_o to_o assail_v they_o as_o they_o be_v enclose_v the_o lot_n of_o this_o ill_a luck_n light_v upon_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n who_o turn_n it_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o duty_n that_o day_n for_o they_o when_o they_o have_v espy_v the_o horseman_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o sudden_a despise_v they_o because_o they_o werelesse_a in_o number_n follow_v they_o over-greedy_o and_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o footman_n whereby_o be_v disorder_v they_o retire_v more_o hasty_o than_o horseman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v in_o battle_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o vertisco_n the_o prince_n of_o their_o state_n and_o captain_n of_o their_o horseman_n who_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o sit_v upon_o a_o horse_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o age_n will_v notwithstanding_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o gall_n neither_o seek_v to_o disburden_v himself_o of_o the_o captainship_n by_o excuse_n of_o his_o age_n nor_o suffer_v the_o encounter_n to_o be_v fight_v without_o he_o with_o this_o lucky_a battle_n wherein_o they_o slay_v the_o prince_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n the_o courage_n of_o our_o enemy_n be_v heighten_v and_o raise_v and_o our_o man_n be_v teach_v by_o their_o own_o harm_n to_o search_v the_o place_n better_o where_o they_o shall_v keep_v their_o stand_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o enemy_n more_o advise_o when_o he_o flee_v in_o the_o mean_a while_o cease_v not_o the_o daily_a skirmish_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o both_o our_o camp_n which_o be_v make_v at_o the_o ford_n and_o passage_n of_o the_o marish_a in_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n whenas_o the_o german_n who_o caesar_n have_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n fetch_v over_o the_o rhine_n that_o they_o shall_v fight_v intermingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n in_o the_o battle_n have_v all_o bold_o pass_v the_o marish_a and_o slay_v a_o few_o that_o make_v resistance_n follow_v eager_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o multitude_n not_o only_o they_o that_o be_v overthrow_v at_o hand_n or_o wound_v aloof_o but_o also_o they_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o succour_v afar_o off_o be_v so_o strike_v with_o fear_n that_o they_o run_v away_o shameful_o and_o never_o leave_v fly_v from_o high_a ground_n to_o high_a which_o they_o oftentimes_o lose_v before_o they_o either_o recover_v into_o their_o camp_n or_o as_o some_o do_v for_o very_a shame_n flee_v far_o off_o with_o who_o danger_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o host_n be_v so_o trouble_v that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v judge_v whether_o good_a success_n be_v it_o never_o so_o small_a will_v make_v they_o more_o arrogant_a or_o a_o misfortune_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a will_v make_v they_o more_o cow_v and_o fearful_a chap._n four_o the_o gall_n discamp_v and_o be_v pursue_v by_o caesar_n the_o rout_v of_o part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o death_n of_o corbeus_n after_o they_o have_v link_v many_o day_n in_o the_o same_o camp_n when_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o bellovaci_n understand_v that_o c._n trebonius_n one_o of_o caesar_n legate_n be_v at_o hand_n with_o mo_z legion_n fear_v the_o like_a siege_n as_o be_v at_o alexia_n they_o send_v away_o in_o the_o night_n all_o such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o year_n or_o otherwise_o want_v strength_n and_o all_o such_o as_o want_v armour_n among_o they_o and_o with_o they_o they_o send_v away_o also_o their_o carriage_n while_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o this_o trouble_a and_o confuse_a company_n for_o the_o gall_n even_o when_o they_o go_v light_a be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o cart_n follow_v they_o daylight_n come_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o set_v their_o man_n in_o battle-array_n in_o their_o camp_n lest_o the_o roman_n shall_v pursue_v before_o the_o company_n of_o their_o carriage_n can_v get_v any_o thing_n forward_o but_o caesar_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o assail_v they_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v themselves_o have_v so_o
may_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o next_o most_o sufficient_a man_n both_o because_o of_o their_o nearness_n unto_o danger_n as_o also_o that_o if_o their_o leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o shall_v either_o be_v slay_v or_o disable_v by_o wound_n they_o may_v present_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n and_o make_v they_o good_a there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o middleman_n rank_n or_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n both_o for_o the_o man_n themselves_o and_o their_o arm_n that_o in_o our_o march_n when_o the_o middleman_n or_o six_o rank_n shall_v be_v call_v up_o to_o front_n with_o their_o leader_n they_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n and_o proportion_n answer_v their_o place_n as_o also_o when_o we_o double_v our_o front_n by_o call_v up_o middleman_n to_o fight_v in_o a_o great_a breadth_n they_o may_v not_o be_v unsuitable_a but_o especial_o in_o march_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a resistance_n when_o they_o shall_v become_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battallion_n as_o these_o respect_v aught_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o rank_n so_o the_o file_n also_o be_v not_o without_o their_o different_a degree_n of_o dignity_n file_n as_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o right-hand_a file_n be_v account_v to_o have_v the_o first_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o battallion_n file_n for_o he_o do_v not_o only_o lead_v the_o rest_n in_o his_o own_o file_n but_o he_o be_v the_o author_n and_o beginner_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a battallion_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o left-hand_a file_n have_v the_o next_o place_n file_n because_o that_o he_o with_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o right-hand_a file_n do_v always_o in_o their_o march_v and_o imbattel_v rectify_v or_o rank_v the_o whole_a front_n of_o the_o battallion_n and_o so_o consequent_o all_o the_o next_o of_o their_o file_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n even_o until_o the_o middle_n who_o be_v account_v the_o last_o in_o dignity_n the_o battallion_n be_v thus_o dispose_v into_o file_n and_o rank_n rank_n and_o each_o file_n and_o rank_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o experience_n right_o advance_v it_o follow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o just_a distance_n proportion_v between_o either_o that_o at_o all_o time_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o may_v be_v find_v ready_a and_o in_o comely_a fashion_n either_o to_o offend_v their_o enemy_n or_o defend_v themselves_o these_o distance_n which_o every_o follower_n must_v observe_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o leader_n and_o every_o leader_n and_o follower_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sideman_n may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o three_o several_a order_n as_o follow_v the_o first_o be_v call_v open_a order_n order_n the_o distance_n whereof_o be_v twelve_o foot_n between_o every_o follower_n and_o his_o leader_n or_o between_o every_o rank_n and_o six_o foot_n between_o they_o and_o the_o sideman_n or_o between_o every_o file_n this_o order_n be_v common_o use_v upon_o march_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v know_v to_o be_v far_o off_o as_o also_o in_o private_a exercise_v of_o soldier_n for_o their_o several_a manage_n of_o their_o arm_n it_o differ_v somewhat_o from_o the_o ordinatus_fw-la miles_n among_o the_o roman_n who_o always_o observe_v but_o four_o cubit_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n the_o second_o distance_n be_v call_v order_n order_n when_o we_o contract_v the_o battallion_n both_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n and_o gather_v the_o soldier_n within_o a_o near_a scantling_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n that_o be_v by_o observe_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o file_n between_o the_o follower_n and_o leader_n and_o three_o foot_n between_o the_o rank_n or_o sideman_n this_o distance_n be_v use_v when_o we_o march_v towards_o a_o enemy_n near_o at_o hand_n or_o in_o march_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n suspicious_o dangerous_a this_o be_v also_o near_o unto_o densatus_fw-la ordo_fw-la but_o only_o that_o that_o be_v but_o two_o cubit_n in_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n the_o three_o and_o last_o order_n pouldron_n be_v when_o either_o we_o attend_v the_o enemy_n his_o present_a assault_n or_o that_o we_o intend_v to_o charge_v he_o upon_o our_o secure_a and_o best_a distance_n when_o every_o follower_n stand_v three_o foot_n or_o his_o rapier_n length_n behind_o his_o leader_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o sideman_n or_o file_n or_o when_o every_o soldier_n occupy_v but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a for_o his_o own_o station_n join_v pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n or_o target_n to_o target_n this_o differ_v from_o constipatus_fw-la ordo_fw-la because_o that_o allow_v but_o one_o cubit_n for_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o this_o close_a order_n allow_v one_o cubit_n in_o the_o file_n but_o two_o in_o the_o rank_n this_o distance_n do_v agree_v also_o best_o with_o the_o length_n of_o our_o pile_n of_o 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n long_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a oftentimes_o that_o the_o battallion_n consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n there_o shall_v not_o charge_v more_o at_o one_o time_n then_o the_o 5_o foremost_a so_o that_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n may_v be_v three_o foot_n over_o the_o foremost_a shoulder_n and_o the_o other_o five_o rank_n shall_v in_o this_o close_a order_n or_o near_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a follow_v the_o other_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n advance_v until_o some_o occasion_n shall_v require_v their_o charge_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o shall_v perform_v their_o duty_n in_o keep_v the_o five_o foremost_a rank_n from_o retire_v and_o beside_o add_v strength_n unto_o the_o charge_n or_o shock_n the_o manner_n of_o exercise_v of_o compose_a battallion_n with_o their_o different_a motion_n the_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v thus_o understand_v dispose_v and_o order_v and_o all_o part_n and_o member_n of_o the_o battallion_n be_v join_v in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o distance_n able_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v alter_v upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n as_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n into_o several_a and_o divers_a posture_n and_o to_o make_v resistance_n unto_o what_o force_n soever_o shall_v oppugn_v the_o same_o it_o may_v be_v think_v needless_a to_o have_v make_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o member_n so_o exact_a unless_o by_o continual_a practice_n and_o exercise_n they_o may_v be_v make_v nimble_a and_o ready_a not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o whole_a body_n on_o all_o side_n but_o also_o to_o be_v able_a to_o offend_v whensoever_o they_o shall_v espy_v the_o least_o occasion_n of_o advantage_n the_o term_n of_o direction_n or_o command_n which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o this_o modern_a discipline_n of_o martial_a exercise_n as_o they_o be_v not_o many_o only_o answer_v to_o the_o different_a posture_n which_o be_v require_v in_o the_o battallion_n so_o they_o be_v and_o must_v be_v short_a and_o perspicuous_o plain_a that_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v sudden_o utter_v easy_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v they_o may_v as_o speedy_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o those_o which_o shall_v be_v command_v first_o therefore_o that_o the_o battallion_n may_v be_v command_v into_o some_o one_o fashion_n or_o posture_n front_n from_o whence_o it_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o convert_v itself_o into_o all_o other_o the_o captain_n or_o officer_n shall_v bid_v they_o stand_v in_o front_n arrectostate_n when_o every_o particular_a soldier_n compose_v himself_o after_o his_o foremost_a leader_n stand_v comely_a in_o file_n and_o rank_n front_v unto_o some_o certain_a place_n or_o to_o the_o captain_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v best_a for_o the_o present_a in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o direction_n whatsoever_o it_o shall_v be_v especial_o observe_v that_o every_o follower_n attend_v what_o be_v command_v mark_v his_o next_o leader_n and_o according_o move_v himself_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v he_o move_v first_o the_o battallion_n therefore_o thus_o front_v hand_n if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v sudden_o either_o assault_n the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n scutum_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v command_v to_o turn_v face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n when_o every_o soldier_n observe_v his_o leader_n shall_v turn_v his_o face_n and_o make_v his_o flank_n his_o front_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n there_o be_v also_o a_o double_a motion_n or_o declination_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n mutatio_fw-la when_o every_o soldier_n observe_v his_o leader_n shall_v turn_v their_o body_n twice_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v turn_v with_o their_o face_n where_o their_o back_n be_v as_o if_o they_o expect_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o be_v to_o perform_v some_o other_o motion_n that_o may_v be_v offer_v begin_v this_o alteration_n from_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o shall_v be_v command_v as_o every_o particular_a soldier_n in_o the_o troup_n be_v
man_n use_v to_o fight_v with_o afar_o off_o the_o use_n whereof_o be_v too_o much_o neglect_v by_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n consider_v the_o honour_n they_o have_v achieve_v by_o it_o in_o former_a age_n chap._n xvi_o a_o controversy_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n touch_v the_o choice_n of_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n caesar_n staâ—ed_v many_o day_n at_o avaricum_n caesar_n for_o find_v there_o great_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o of_o other_o provision_n he_o refresh_v his_o army_n of_o their_o former_a labour_n and_o want_n the_o winter_n now_o be_v almost_o end_v and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n he_o determine_v to_o follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o see_v whether_o he_o can_v draw_v he_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o bog_n or_o besiege_v he_o in_o some_o place_n be_v thus_o resolve_v divers_a of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o hedui_n come_v unto_o he_o beseech_v he_o that_o he_o will_v stand_v to_o they_o and_o assist_v their_o state_n in_o a_o time_n of_o great_a need_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o extreme_a danger_n forasmuch_o as_o their_o ancient_a usage_n be_v for_o one_o to_o be_v create_v their_o annual_a magistrate_n have_v regal_a authority_n for_o that_o year_n whereas_o now_o two_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o say_a office_n both_o of_o they_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o belawful_o create_v the_o one_o be_v convictolitanis_n a_o famous_a and_o flourish_a young_a man_n the_o other_z cotus_n bear_v of_o a_o ancient_a family_n and_o he_o himself_o of_o great_a power_n and_o kindred_n who_o brother_n vedeliacus_n have_v bear_v the_o say_a office_n the_o year_n before_o all_o their_o state_n be_v in_o arm_n their_o senate_n and_o their_o people_n divide_v together_o with_o their_o client_n and_o follower_n if_o the_o controversy_n continue_v for_o any_o time_n it_o will_v come_v to_o a_o battle_n the_o prevention_n whereof_o consist_v in_o his_o diligence_n and_o authority_n caesar_n though_o he_o know_v it_o will_v be_v disadvantageous_a unto_o he_o to_o leave_v the_o war_n and_o to_o forsake_v the_o enemy_n yet_o know_v what_o inconvenience_n do_v usual_o arise_v of_o such_o discord_n and_o dissension_n lest_o so_o great_a a_o state_n and_o so_o near_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v always_o favour_v and_o by_o all_o mean_v honour_v shall_v fall_v to_o war_n among_o themselves_o and_o that_o faction_n which_o disinherit_v their_o own_o strength_n shall_v seek_v help_n of_o vercingetorix_n he_o think_v it_o most_o necessary_a to_o be_v prevent_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o as_o be_v create_v chief_a magistrate_n among_o the_o hedui_n be_v by_o their_o law_n forbid_v to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o confine_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o derogate_v any_o thing_n from_o their_o law_n he_o himself_o determine_v to_o go_v unto_o they_o at_o his_o come_n he_o call_v before_o he_o to_o decetia_n all_o the_o senate_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o the_o office_n and_o find_v in_o a_o assembly_n almost_o of_o the_o whole_a state_n that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o few_o privy_o call_v together_o in_o another_o place_n and_o at_o another_o time_n than_o be_v accustom_v the_o brother_n pronounce_v the_o brother_n whereas_o their_o law_n do_v not_o only_o forbid_v two_o of_o one_o family_n both_o be_v alive_a to_o be_v create_v magistrate_n but_o also_o to_o be_v of_o the_o senate_n together_o he_o compel_v cotus_n to_o give_v over_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o confirm_v convictolitanis_n be_v create_v by_o their_o priest_n and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o state_n this_o decree_n be_v ratify_v he_o adhort_v the_o hedui_n to_o forget_v their_o private_a controversy_n and_o dissension_n and_o to_o give_v their_o best_a help_n to_o the_o war_n in_o hand_n wherein_o they_o may_v challenge_v and_o expect_v the_o gall_n be_v subdue_v such_o reward_n as_o they_o deserve_v command_v all_o their_o horse_n and_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n to_o be_v speedy_o send_v unto_o he_o which_o he_o mean_v to_o dispose_v into_o garrison_n for_o the_o better_a provision_n of_o corn_n and_o then_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o part_n he_o send_v four_o legion_n towards_o the_o senones_n &_o the_o pariâ—ians_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o labienus_n the_o other_o four_o he_o lead_v himself_o against_o the_o arverni_n to_o the_o town_n of_o gergovia_n along_o the_o râ—ver_n elaver_n send_v part_n of_o the_o horse_n with_o he_o and_o keep_v part_n with_o himself_o observation_n to_o loose_v the_o least_o jot_n of_o that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v in_o possession_n tuerk_n be_v more_o dishonourable_a then_o to_o fail_v of_o get_v what_o he_o have_v not_o and_o therefore_o caesar_n choose_v rather_o to_o forgo_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o speedy_a pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n may_v have_v afford_v he_o to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n then_o to_o hazard_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o state_n &_o so_o well-affected_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v the_o hedui_n wherein_o he_o carry_v so_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a a_o hand_n that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o but_o what_o the_o law_n of_o that_o state_n direct_v he_o unto_o as_o most_o assure_v that_o such_o direction_n be_v without_o exception_n chap._n xvii_o caesar_n pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n elaver_n and_o incamp_v himself_o before_o gergovia_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n vercingetorix_n have_v break_v down_o all_o the_o bridge_n of_o that_o river_n take_v his_o journey_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o elaver_n either_o army_n be_v in_o view_n each_o of_o other_o and_o encamp_v almost_o over_o against_o one_o another_o discoverer_n be_v send_v out_o to_o watch_v lest_o the_o roman_n shall_v make_v a_o bridge_n in_o any_o place_n and_o carry_v over_o their_o force_n caesar_n be_v much_o trouble_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o river_n the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o summer_n forasmuch_o as_o elaver_n be_v not_o passable_a at_o any_o ford_n until_o towards_o the_o autumn_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v that_o he_o encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o woody_a place_n right_o over_o against_o one_o of_o those_o bridge_n which_o vercingetorix_n have_v command_v to_o be_v break_v the_o next_o day_n he_o keep_v himself_o there_o secret_o with_o two_o legion_n and_o send_v forward_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o force_n with_o all_o the_o carriage_n as_o be_v accustom_v take_v away_o the_o four_o part_n of_o each_o cohort_n that_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o command_v they_o to_o go_v on_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o make_v conjecture_n by_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o their_o camping-place_n upon_o the_o same_o pile_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o remain_v there_o whole_a he_o begin_v to_o reedify_v the_o bridge_n and_o have_v speedy_o end_v the_o work_n and_o carry_v over_o the_o legion_n and_o choose_v a_o fit_a place_n to_o encamp_v in_o he_o call_v back_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n vercingetorix_n have_v notice_n thereof_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o will_n go_v before_o by_o great_a journey_n caesar_n with_o five_o encamp_n go_v from_o that_o place_n to_o gergovia_n and_o after_o a_o light_a skirmish_n between_o the_o horse_n the_o same_o day_n he_o come_v have_v take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o very_a high_a hill_n and_o have_v very_o hard_a and_o difficult_a approach_n on_o all_o side_n he_o despair_v of_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n neither_o will_v he_o determine_v to_o besiege_v it_o until_o he_o have_v make_v provision_n of_o corn_n but_o vercingetorix_n have_v set_v his_o camp_n on_o a_o hill_n before_o the_o town_n have_v place_v the_o several_a force_n of_o the_o state_n by_o themselves_o in_o small_a distance_n round_o about_o hâ—m_n and_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o top_n of_o that_o hill_n make_v a_o very_a terrible_a show_n into_o all_o part_n where_o he_o may_v be_v see_v he_o command_v likewise_o the_o chiefman_n of_o the_o state_n who_o he_o have_v choose_v out_o to_o be_v of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o meet_v always_o together_o with_o hâ—m_n at_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n to_o know_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v communicate_v unto_o they_o or_o what_o else_o be_v to_o be_v do_v neither_o do_v he_o omit_v any_o day_n to_o skirmish_v with_o his_o horseman_n with_o archer_n intermingle_v among_o they_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v try_v what_o courage_n and_o valour_n be_v in_o his_o people_n right_o over_o against_o the_o town_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n there_o be_v
hill_n lead_v back_o their_o troop_n into_o the_o camp_n the_o three_o day_n caesar_n fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n and_o command_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o cohort_n and_o the_o carriage_n which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o other_o camp_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o observation_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v for_o caesar_n custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o war_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o enemy_n as_o convenient_o he_o can_v that_o so_o he_o may_v the_o better_o observe_v his_o passage_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v the_o favour_n of_o any_o opportunity_n which_o either_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o adversary_n will_v afford_v he_o which_o be_v the_o rather_o his_o advantage_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o dexterity_n and_o superlative_a knowledge_n in_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n together_o with_o the_o experience_n of_o his_o old_a legion_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o improve_v his_o own_o design_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o a_o honourable_a success_n but_o to_o return_v the_o disgrace_n of_o any_o attempt_n make_v upon_o his_o army_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o they_o that_o be_v author_n of_o the_o same_o for_o otherwise_o his_o accost_v so_o near_o a_o enemy_n may_v have_v turn_v to_o his_o own_o loss_n as_o be_v full_a of_o hazard_n and_o subject_n to_o more_o casualty_n than_o he_o that_o stand_v further_o off_o and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o â—it_n near_o his_o adversary_n must_v be_v exceed_o circumspect_a and_o sure_a of_o some_o advantage_n either_o from_o the_o place_n or_o the_o over-awing_a power_n of_o his_o force_n or_o else_o out_o of_o his_o own_o virtue_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n to_o oversway_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o attend_v such_o engagement_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o frontinus_n observe_v hence_o touch_v the_o straight_o whereinto_o caesar_n be_v fall_v 5._o be_v either_o to_o give_v battle_n which_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v or_o to_o make_v good_a that_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v not_o retreat_v but_o with_o danger_n whereupon_o a_o little_a before_o night_n be_v steal_v the_o make_n of_o a_o ditch_n on_o the_o back_n of_o his_o army_n and_o retire_v himself_o within_o the_o same_o stand_v in_o arm_n all_o night_n for_o his_o better_a safety_n the_o use_n of_o such_o ditch_n be_v of_o much_o importance_n and_o have_v oftentimes_o redeem_v a_o army_n from_o great_a extremity_n and_o be_v so_o frequent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n with_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o that_o shall_v deny_v they_o to_o be_v good_a ditcher_n shall_v do_v they_o wrong_n and_o not_o only_o they_o but_o other_o nation_n can_v tell_v how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o spade_n pericles_z of_o athens_n be_v force_v by_o they_o of_o peloponnesus_n into_o a_o place_n that_o have_v but_o two_o outlet_n of_o escape_n sink_v a_o ditch_n of_o a_o great_a latitude_n thwart_o one_o of_o the_o passage_n as_o though_o he_o mean_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o enemy_n and_o set_v his_o soldier_n to_o break_v out_o the_o other_o way_n the_o peloponnesian_n think_v he_o can_v no_o way_n escape_v by_o the_o passage_n where_o the_o trench_n be_v cut_v apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o other_o place_n where_o the_o soldier_n make_v show_v of_o break_v out_o whereby_o through_o the_o help_n of_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v former_o provide_v he_o escape_v over_o the_o ditch_n without_o resistance_n sometime_o they_o add_v other_o help_n to_o these_o trench_n especial_o when_o they_o seek_v handsome_a mean_n to_o get_v themselves_o away_o whereof_o sertorius_n may_v be_v a_o instance_n who_o have_v the_o enemy_n press_v he_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v to_o pass_v a_o river_n draw_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n at_o his_o back_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o halfmoon_n which_o rampire_n he_o heap_v with_o wood_n and_o combustible_a matter_n and_o so_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n keep_v off_o the_o enemy_n and_o pass_v with_o ease_n over_o the_o water_n in_o like_a manner_n herculeius_n one_o of_o sertorius_n legates_n have_v rash_o enter_v with_o a_o small_a power_n into_o a_o long_a and_o narrow_a passage_n between_o two_o hill_n and_o find_v himself_o pursue_v by_o great_a force_n of_o the_o enemy_n sink_v a_o cross_a trench_n between_o the_o two_o mountain_n and_o pile_v the_o rampire_n with_o wood_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n and_o so_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n chap._n xvi_o caesar_n attempt_n to_o possess_v himself_o of_o a_o small_a hill_n what_o disadvantage_n he_o run_v into_o by_o miss_v of_o his_o purpose_n what_o mean_v he_o use_v to_o recover_v himself_o between_o the_o town_n of_o ilerda_n caesar_n and_o the_o next_o hill_n where_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n be_v encamp_v there_o be_v a_o plain_a of_o about_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o stand_v a_o little_a mole_n rise_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o if_o caesar_n can_v get_v and_o fortify_v he_o hope_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n from_o the_o town_n and_o the_o bridge_n and_o from_o such_o victual_n and_o provision_n as_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o town_n hereupon_o he_o take_v three_o legion_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o order_n of_o battle_n he_o command_v the_o antesignani_fw-la of_o one_o legion_n to_o run_v before_o &_o possess_v the_o place_n which_o be_v perceive_v the_o cohort_n that_o keep_v watch_v before_o afranius_n camp_n be_v present_o send_v a_o near_a way_n to_o take_v that_o mount_n the_o matter_n come_v to_o blow_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o afranius_n party_n come_v first_o to_o the_o place_n our_o man_n be_v beat_v back_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o new_a supply_n send_v against_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o legion_n the_o manner_n of_o fight_n which_o those_o soldier_n use_v be_v first_o to_o run_v furious_o upon_o a_o enemy_n to_o seize_v any_o place_n bold_o and_o with_o great_a courage_n not_o much_o respect_v their_o order_n or_o rank_n but_o fight_v in_o a_o scatter_a and_o disperse_a fashion_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v thorough_o charge_v they_o think_v it_o no_o shame_n to_o give_v way_n and_o retire_v accustom_v thereunto_o by_o frequent_v the_o lusitanian_o and_o other_o barbarous_a people_n use_v that_o kind_n of_o fight_n as_o it_o common_o fall_v out_o that_o where_o the_o soldier_n have_v long_o live_v they_o get_v much_o of_o the_o usage_n and_o condition_n of_o those_o place_n notwithstanding_o our_o man_n be_v much_o trouble_v thereat_o as_o unaccustomed_a to_o that_o kind_n of_o â—ight_n for_o see_v every_o man_n leave_v his_o rank_n and_o run_v up_o and_o down_o they_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v circumvent_v and_o set_v upon_o inflank_n and_o on_o their_o bare_a and_o open_a side_n whereas_o themselves_o be_v to_o keep_v their_o order_n and_o not_o to_o leave_v their_o place_n but_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n upon_o the_o rout_v of_o the_o antesignani_fw-la the_o legion_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o corneâ—_n leave_v the_o place_n and_o retreat_v to_o the_o next_o hill_n almost_o all_o the_o army_n be_v affright_v upon_o that_o which_o have_v happen_v beyond_o every_o man_n opinion_n contrary_a to_o former_a use_n caesar_n encourage_v his_o man_n bring_v out_o the_o nine_o legion_n to_o second_v they_o by_o that_o mean_n compel_v the_o enemy_n insolent_a of_o good_a success_n and_o shrewd_o pursue_v our_o man_n to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o town_n of_o ilerda_n and_o there_o to_o make_v a_o stand_n under_o the_o wall_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o legion_n carry_v on_o with_o endeavour_n and_o go_v about_o to_o repair_v their_o loss_n rash_o follow_v the_o enemy_n into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o come_v under_o the_o hill_n whereon_o the_o town_n stand_v and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v make_v their_o retreat_n they_o be_v charge_v afresh_o from_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o front_n of_o the_o place_n have_v a_o uneasy_a break_a ascent_n and_o be_v on_o each_o side_n steep_a extend_v only_o so_o much_o in_o breadth_n as_o will_v serve_v three_o cohort_n to_o imbattell_v in_o neither_o can_v the_o cavalry_n come_v to_o help_v they_o the_o hill_n decline_v easy_o from_o the_o town_n about_o four_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n and_o that_o way_n our_o man_n have_v some_o conveniency_n of_o retreat_n from_o the_o disadvantage_n to_o which_o their_o desire_n have_v unadvised_o lead_v they_o the_o fight_n continue_v in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v very_o unequal_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o straightness_n thereof_o as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v under_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n whereby_o no_o weapon_n fall_v in_o vain_a among_o they_o notwithstanding_o
by_o prowess_n and_o valour_n they_o patient_o endure_v all_o the_o wound_n they_o receive_v the_o enemy_n force_n be_v supply_v and_o renew_v by_o such_o cohort_n as_o be_v often_o send_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n through_o the_o town_n that_o fresh_a man_n may_v take_v the_o place_n of_o such_o as_o be_v weary_v out_o and_o the_o like_a be_v caesar_n fain_o to_o do_v send_v fresh_a cohort_n to_o that_o place_n to_o relieve_v the_o weary_a after_o they_o have_v thus_o continual_o fight_v for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hour_n together_o and_o that_o our_o man_n be_v much_o overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n have_v spend_v all_o their_o weapon_n they_o draw_v their_o sword_n and_o ascend_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_n and_o assault_v the_o enemy_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o few_o of_o they_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v to_o make_v retreat_n the_o cohort_n be_v thus_o put_v back_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o some_o of_o they_o for_o fear_n have_v take_v the_o town_n our_o man_n find_v a_o easy_a retreat_n our_o cavalry_n do_v from_o a_o low_a ground_n get_v up_o unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o between_o the_o two_o army_n make_v our_o soldier_n to_o retreat_n with_o better_a case_n and_o so_o the_o fight_n succeed_v diverse_o about_o seventy_o of_o our_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o first_o on_o set_n and_o among_o these_o be_v slay_v q._n fulginius_n captain_n of_o the_o first_o hastate_n centurie_n of_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n who_o for_o his_o exceed_a valour_n be_v prefer_v to_o that_o place_n from_o the_o low_a order_n six_o hundred_o at_o least_o be_v wound_v and_o of_o afranius_n party_n be_v slay_v t._n caecilius_n centurion_n of_o a_o primipile_n order_n and_o four_o centurion_n more_o 4_o beside_o two_o hundred_o soldier_n but_o such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o day_n business_n that_o either_o side_n believe_v they_o leave_v with_o the_o better_a afranius_n party_n be_v so_o persuade_v for_o that_o they_o long_o stand_v to_o handy-blow_n and_o resist_v the_o violence_n of_o our_o soldier_n although_o in_o all_o man_n judgement_n they_o be_v the_o weak_a as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o at_o first_o take_v and_o hold_v the_o place_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o that_o fight_n and_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_n compel_v our_o man_n to_o turn_v their_o back_n our_o man_n in_o like_a manner_n think_v they_o have_v the_o better_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v maintain_v fight_n for_o five_o hour_n together_o in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n that_o they_o ascend_v up_o the_o hill_n with_o their_o sword_n draw_v and_o compel_v their_o adversary_n to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o to_o retreat_v into_o the_o town_n maugre_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o this_o direction_n which_o caesar_n give_v to_o take_v the_o little_a hill_n between_o ilerda_n and_o afranius_n camp_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o danger_n depend_v upon_o the_o mischieving_a of_o a_o action_n for_o the_o fail_n of_o a_o purpose_n in_o seek_v to_o obtain_v that_o which_o will_v prove_v of_o great_a advantage_n do_v oftentimes_o draw_v man_n into_o as_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o as_o the_o end_n in_o every_o design_n pretend_v gain_v so_o the_o mean_n thereof_o do_v give_v way_n to_o hazard_v from_o whence_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v in_o execution_n have_v need_n to_o use_v all_o endeavour_n not_o to_o falsify_v the_o ground_n of_o good_a direction_n by_o negligent_a or_o inconsiderate_a carriage_n but_o rather_o to_o make_v good_a any_o want_n or_o defect_n by_o serious_a and_o wary_a prosecution_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o special_o concern_v their_o good_a that_o have_v the_o charge_n and_o handle_n of_o command_n for_o they_o first_o be_v like_a to_o feel_v the_o smart_n of_o any_o error_n commit_v therein_o or_o otherwise_o to_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o any_o fortunate_a success_n consistit_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o virtue_n have_v all_o her_o praise_n from_o action_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o run_v we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n among_o other_o their_o exercise_n of_o arm_n have_v special_a practice_n of_o this_o eth._n as_o available_a in_o four_o respect_n 9_o according_a as_o vegetius_n have_v note_v run_v first_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n second_o that_o they_o may_v possess_v themselves_o with_o speed_n of_o place_n of_o advantage_n three_o that_o they_o may_v ready_o discover_v as_o shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o last_o to_o prosecute_v a_o fly_a enemy_n to_o better_a purpose_n and_o effect_n 18._o and_o this_o as_o seneca_n say_v they_o practise_v in_o peace_n that_o be_v accustom_v to_o needless_a labour_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o discharge_v necessary_a duty_n and_o 26._o livy_n among_o the_o military_a exercise_n use_v by_o scipio_n to_o fit_v his_o man_n for_o those_o glorious_a exploit_n which_o he_o afterward_o achieve_v say_v that_o the_o first_o day_n the_o legion_n run_v four_o mile_n in_o arms._n and_o suetonius_n affirm_v that_o nero_n have_v appoint_v a_o race_n for_o the_o praetorian_a cohort_n carry_v a_o target_n lift_v up_o before_o they_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o that_o galba_n do_v more_o admirable_o for_o be_v suit_v of_o purpose_n to_o make_v himself_o eminent_a he_o direct_v a_o field-race_n with_o a_o target_n himself_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o emperor_n chariot_n for_o twenty_o mile_n together_o the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o these_o specialty_n be_v the_o bold_a enterprise_n of_o caesar_n man_n in_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o their_o sword_n draw_v against_o the_o hill_n whereby_o make_v they_o to_o give_v back_o they_o have_v a_o easy_a and_o safe_a retreat_n from_o the_o danger_n wherein_o they_o be_v engage_v whereby_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o difficulty_n of_o extremity_n be_v never_o better_o clear_v then_o by_o adventurous_a and_o desperate_a undertake_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o disease_n and_o distemperature_n of_o the_o body_n officiis_fw-la which_o be_v light_n and_o easy_a be_v cure_v with_o mild_a and_o easy_a potion_n but_o be_v grievous_a and_o doubtful_a do_v require_v sharp_a and_o strong_a remedy_n which_o do_v also_o in_o like_a manner_n appear_v throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n and_o particular_o in_o weight_n for_o as_o ponderous_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v not_o move_v but_o with_o a_o counterpoise_n of_o great_a force_n no_o more_o can_v extremity_n of_o hazard_n be_v avoid_v but_o by_o like_a perilous_a enforcement_n and_o hence_o grow_v the_o difference_n between_o true_a valour_n and_o foolhardy_a rashness_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o they_o be_v not_o distinguish_v by_o the_o subject_n wherein_o they_o be_v show_v for_o to_o run_v headlong_o into_o strange_a adventure_n upon_o no_o just_a occasion_n be_v to_o show_v more_o levity_n than_o discretion_n and_o again_o to_o use_v the_o like_a boldness_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n deserve_v the_o opinion_n of_o virtuous_a endeavour_n as_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o homer_n 6._o in_o the_o person_n of_o hector_n persuade_v the_o trojan_n that_o flee_v away_o to_o stand_v and_o make_v a_o head_n against_o the_o grecian_n this_n be_v the_o time_n say_v he_o consider_v the_o danger_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o use_v that_o prowess_n and_o courage_n which_o we_o boast_v of_o and_o according_o diomedes_z censure_v glaucus_n in_o the_o same_o place_n for_o offer_v himself_o to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o grecian_n either_o thou_o be_v some_o god_n say_v he_o or_o else_o but_o a_o lose_a and_o forlorn_a man_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o learn_v we_o the_o true_a use_n of_o courage_n that_o ordinary_o be_v never_o more_o show_v then_o in_o misemployment_n the_o three_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n legion_n discourse_v particular_o of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o legion_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o caesar_n time_n a_o legion_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o man_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o according_a to_o the_o sufficiency_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o and_o mean_a of_o such_o as_o follow_v a_o ensign_n be_v call_v hastati_fw-la the_o second_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o three_o and_o chief_a sort_n triarii_n and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n have_v their_o place_n and_o precedency_n in_o the_o army_n again_o each_o of_o these_o three_o kind_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o company_n which_o they_o call_v maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_n be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o century_n or_o order_n