make_v trial_n by_o light_a skirmish_n with_o his_o horseman_n what_o the_o enemy_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v and_o when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o man_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o belgae_n he_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n the_o bank_n where_o he_o be_v encamp_v rise_v somewhat_o from_o a_o plain_a level_n be_v no_o large_a than_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o two_o side_n be_v steep_a and_o the_o front_n rise_v a_o slope_n by_o little_a &_o little_a until_o it_o come_v again_o to_o a_o plain_a where_o the_o legion_n be_v imbattail_v and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n abound_v in_o multitude_n shall_v circumvent_v his_o man_n and_o charge_v they_o in_o flank_n as_o they_o be_v fight_v he_o draw_v a_o overthwart_a ditch_n behind_o his_o army_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o other_o 600_o pace_n in_o length_n the_o end_n whereof_o he_o fortify_v 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with_o his_o slinger_n and_o archer_n and_o march_v with_o they_o himself_o the_o conflict_n be_v hot_a in_o that_o place_n the_o roman_n charge_v their_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v trouble_v in_o the_o water_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n like_o desperate_a person_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o upon_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v beat_v back_o by_o force_n of_o weapon_n and_o the_o horseman_n encompass_v such_o as_o have_v first_o get_v over_o the_o water_n and_o slay_v every_o man_n of_o they_o when_o the_o belgae_n perceive_v themselves_o frustrate_v of_o their_o hope_n of_o win_v bibrax_n of_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o of_o draw_v the_o roman_n into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o their_o own_o provision_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o they_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n wherein_o they_o resolve_v that_o it_o be_v best_a for_o the_o state_n in_o general_a and_o for_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a to_o break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o to_o return_v home_o unto_o their_o own_o house_n and_o into_o who_o confine_n or_o territory_n soever_o the_o roman_n shall_v first_o enter_v to_o depopulate_v and_o waste_v they_o in_o hostile_a manner_n that_o thither_o they_o shall_v hasten_v from_o all_o part_n and_o there_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v rather_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o abroad_o in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n and_o have_v their_o own_o household_n provision_n always_o at_o hand_n to_o maintain_v they_o and_o this_o the_o rather_o be_v conclude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v intelligence_n that_o divitiacus_n with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o hedui_n approach_v near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la who_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n homeward_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o art_n which_o he_o use_v to_o countervail_v the_o strength_n 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advantage_n have_v lay_v sure_a principle_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o caesar_n be_v never_o think_v a_o coward_n and_o now_o it_o appear_v what_o use_v he_o make_v by_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n and_o attend_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o further_a side_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v in_o any_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o land_n his_o force_n be_v ready_a to_o trouble_v their_o proceed_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o their_o attempt_n of_o bibrax_n &_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o lose_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v slaughter_n of_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n for_o by_o the_o benefitte_n of_o the_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v fortify_v he_o transport_v what_o force_n he_o will_v to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o and_o so_o he_o take_v what_o advantage_n either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v afford_v he_o the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o labour_n they_o bring_v forth_o but_o a_o mouse_n for_o how_o soon_o be_v the_o courage_n of_o this_o huge_a army_n abate_v or_o what_o do_v it_o attempt_v worthy_a such_o a_o multitude_n or_o answerable_a to_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bruit_v of_o their_o valour_n but_o be_v hasty_o carry_v together_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n be_v as_o quick_o disperse_v upon_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v no_o strange_a effect_n of_o a_o sudden_a humour_n for_o as_o in_o nature_n all_o violent_a motion_n be_v of_o short_a continuance_n and_o the_o durabilitie_n or_o last_a quality_n of_o all_o action_n proceed_v from_o a_o slow_a and_o temperate_a progression_n so_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o untemperate_a violence_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o heat_n and_o passion_n do_v vanish_v away_o even_o with_o the_o smoke_n thereof_o and_o bring_v forth_o nothing_o but_o leasurable_a repentance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a counsel_n for_o man_n of_o such_o nature_n to_o qualify_v their_o hasty_a resolution_n with_o a_o mistrustful_a linger_a that_o when_o their_o judgement_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o cause_n they_o may_v proceed_v to_o a_o speedy_a execution_n but_o that_o which_o most_o bewray_v their_o indiscreet_a intemperance_n in_o the_o hot_a pursuit_n of_o this_o enterprise_n be_v that_o before_o they_o have_v scarce_o see_v the_o enemy_n or_o have_v opportunity_n to_o contest_v he_o in_o open_a field_n their_o victual_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o for_o their_o mind_n be_v so_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o conceit_n of_o war_n that_o they_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o provide_v such_o necessary_n
whereby_o it_o may_v be_v obtain_v have_v direct_v the_o course_n of_o their_o proceed_n they_o may_v with_o reason_n have_v draw_v back_o from_o such_o employment_n and_o value_v their_o safety_n above_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o a_o enterprise_n and_o hence_o arise_v that_o confident_a opinion_n which_o the_o soldier_n have_v of_o a_o good_a general_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o a_o war_n chap._n xiii_o the_o britain_n make_v head_n with_o their_o force_n and_o be_v beat_v by_o caesar_n his_o return_n into_o gallia_n after_o this_o caesar_n for_o many_o day_n together_o there_o follow_v such_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n that_o both_o the_o roman_n be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v their_o camp_n and_o the_o britain_n be_v be_v keep_v from_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o send_v messenger_n into_o all_o quarter_n publish_v the_o small_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n and_o amplify_a the_o greatness_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o the_o easy_a mean_n offer_v unto_o they_o of_o perpetual_a liberty_n if_o they_o can_v take_v the_o roman_a camp_n short_o upon_o this_o have_v gather_v a_o great_a company_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v encamp_v caesar_n although_o he_o foresee_v the_o event_n by_o that_o which_o before_o have_v happen_v that_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v beat_v back_o he_o will_v avoid_v the_o danger_n by_o flight_n yet_o have_v some_o 30_o horse_n which_o comius_n of_o arras_n have_v carry_v with_o he_o at_o his_o come_n into_o brittany_n he_o imbattail_v his_o legion_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o so_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o enemy_n not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n turn_v their_o back_n and_o flee_v the_o roman_n follow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v by_o run_v on_o foot_n and_o after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n with_o the_o burn_a of_o their_o town_n far_o and_o near_o they_o return_v to_o their_o camp_n the_o same_o day_n the_o britain_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n who_o he_o command_v to_o double_v their_o number_n of_o hostage_n which_o he_o command_v to_o be_v carry_v into_o gallia_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o aequinoctium_n be_v at_o hand_n he_o think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o winter_n sea_n with_o such_o weak_a ship_n and_o therefore_o have_v get_v a_o convenient_a time_n he_o hoist_a sail_n a_o little_a after_o midnight_n and_o bring_v all_o his_o ship_n safe_a unto_o the_o continent_n two_o of_o these_o ship_n of_o burden_n not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v the_o same_o haven_n put_v in_o somewhat_o low_a into_o the_o land_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o they_o be_v about_o 300_o be_v set_v on_o shore_n and_o march_v towards_o their_o camp_n the_o morini_n with_o who_o caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o brittany_n have_v make_v peace_n in_o hope_n of_o a_o booty_n first_o with_o a_o few_o of_o their_o man_n stand_v about_o they_o command_v they_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n and_o as_o the_o roman_n by_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o orb_n begin_v to_o make_v defence_n at_o the_o noise_n and_o clamour_n among_o they_o there_o be_v sudden_o gather_v together_o about_o 6000_o of_o the_o enemy_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n send_v out_o all_o the_o horseman_n to_o relieve_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o roman_n sustain_v the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v valiant_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hour_n and_o receive_v themselves_o some_o few_o wound_n they_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n after_o the_o roman_a horseman_n come_v in_o sight_n the_o enemy_n cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n and_o flee_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o horseman_n observation_n of_o all_o the_o figure_n which_o the_o tactici_fw-la have_v choose_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o military_a affair_n the_o circle_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v for_o the_o fit_a to_o be_v apply_v in_o the_o defensive_a part_n as_o enclose_v with_o a_o equal_a circuit_n on_o all_o part_n whatsoever_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o circumference_n of_o that_o area_n and_o therefore_o geometry_n term_v a_o circumference_n a_o simple_a line_n for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o you_o alter_v the_o site_n of_o the_o part_n and_o transport_v one_o arch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o another_o the_o figure_n notwithstanding_o will_v remain_v the_o same_o because_o of_o the_o equal_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n throughout_o the_o whole_a circumference_n which_o property_n as_o it_o prove_v a_o uniformity_n of_o strength_n in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n or_o this_o be_v the_o end_n this_o be_v front_n or_o this_o be_v flank_n so_o do_v that_o which_o euclid_n do_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o 3_o of_o his_o element_n concern_v the_o small_a affinity_n between_o a_o right_a line_n and_o a_o circle_n which_o be_v draw_v to_o touch_v the_o circumference_n do_v touch_v it_o but_o in_o a_o point_n only_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o strength_n in_o regard_n of_o any_o other_o line_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v break_v which_o howsoever_o they_o seem_v as_o speculative_a quality_n conceive_v rather_o by_o intellectual_a discourse_n then_o manifest_v to_o sensible_a apprehension_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o experience_n have_v prove_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o a_o defensive_a part_n above_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o imbattail_v let_v we_o not_o neglect_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a property_n which_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n neither_o let_v we_o neglect_v this_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n be_v so_o strong_a a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v valour_n and_o the_o sinew_n of_o all_o our_o ability_n for_o order_v correspondent_a to_o circumstance_n be_v the_o whole_a strength_n and_o power_n of_o a_o army_n neither_o aught_o there_o any_o action_n in_o a_o well_o order_v discipline_n to_o be_v irregular_a or_o void_a of_o order_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n do_v neither_o eat_v nor_o sleep_n without_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o consul_n or_o chief_a commander_n otherwise_o their_o valour_n may_v rather_o have_v be_v term_v fury_n then_o virtue_n but_o when_o their_o courage_n be_v range_v with_o order_n and_o dispose_v according_a to_o the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o time_n it_o never_o fail_v as_o long_o as_o the_o say_a order_n continue_v perfect_a it_o appear_v therefore_o how_o important_a it_o be_v for_o a_o commander_n to_o look_v into_o the_o diversity_n of_o order_n for_o imbattail_v and_o to_o weigh_v the_o nature_n thereof_o that_o he_o may_v with_o knowledge_n apply_v they_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o any_o occasion_n the_o roman_n term_v this_o figure_n orbis_n which_o signify_v a_o round_a body_n both_o with_o a_o concave_n and_o a_o convex_n surface_n in_o resemblance_n whereof_o i_o understand_v this_o orb_n of_o man_n imbattail_v to_o be_v so_o name_v which_o may_v peradventure_o consist_v of_o five_o or_o more_o or_o few_o rank_n enclose_v one_o another_o after_o the_o nature_n of_o so_o many_o circle_n describe_v about_o one_o centre_n so_o that_o either_o the_o midst_n thereof_o remain_v void_a or_o otherwise_o contain_v such_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n as_o they_o have_v with_o they_o in_o their_o march_n this_o form_n of_o imbattail_v be_v never_o use_v but_o in_o great_a extremity_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o safe_a of_o all_o other_o so_o it_o give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o soldier_n of_o exceed_a danger_n which_o abate_v much_o of_o their_o heat_n in_o battle_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o caesar_n himself_o in_o the_o five_o commentary_n upon_o the_o occasion_n which_o happen_v unto_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o next_o day_n caesar_n caesar_n send_v titus_n labienus_n a_o legate_n with_o those_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o brittany_n against_o the_o revolt_a morini_n who_o have_v no_o place_n of_o refuge_n because_o their_o bog_n &_o fen_n be_v dry_v up_o where_o they_o have_v shelter_v themselves_o the_o year_n before_o they_o all_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o mercy_n q._n titurîus_n and_o a._n cotta_n the_o legate_n who_o have_v lead_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o menapij_n after_o they_o have_v waste_v their_o field_n cut_v up_o their_o corn_n burn_v their_o house_n for_o the_o menapij_n be_v all_o hide_v in_o thick_a wood_n they_o return_v to_o caesar_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o end_v caesar_n place_v the_o winter_v camp_n of_o all_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o belgae_n to_o which_o place_n two_o only_a of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o brittany_n send_v hostage_n
the_o ambari_fw-la complain_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o same_o hostility_n and_o so_o do_v the_o allobroges_n which_o inhabit_v beyond_o the_o rhone_n caesar_n not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o linger_v any_o long_o and_o understand_v that_o three_o part_n of_o their_o troop_n have_v already_o past_o the_o river_n arar_n and_o a_o four_o remain_v to_o be_v transport_v he_o think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o forslow_v that_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o at_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o march_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n with_o three_o legion_n to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o lie_v and_o find_v they_o scatter_v and_o disperse_v zuricke_n he_o put_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o rest_n escape_v into_o the_o wood_n near_o adjoin_v this_o part_n that_o be_v thus_o defeat_v be_v name_v pagus_n tigurinus_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o defeat_n be_v chief_o a_o service_n of_o execution_n upon_o such_o as_o be_v take_v at_o a_o 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the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n watch_n every_o watch_n contain_v three_o hour_n and_o these_o watch_n be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a note_n &_o sound_n of_o cornet_n or_o trumpet_n that_o by_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n thereof_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v what_o watch_n be_v sound_v the_o charge_n &_o office_n of_o sound_v the_o watch_n belong_v to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o a_o legion_n who_o they_o call_v primipilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n at_o who_o pavilion_n the_o trumpeter_n attend_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o hourglass_n the_o first_o watch_n begin_v always_o at_o sunne-setting_a and_o continue_v three_o hour_n i_o understand_v such_o hour_n as_o the_o night_n contain_v be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o for_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o night_n as_o well_o as_o their_o day_n into_o twelve_o equal_a space_n which_o they_o call_v hour_n the_o second_o watch_n continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o the_o three_o watch_n begin_v and_o contain_v likewise_o three_o hour_n the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sun_n rise_v so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n cap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_n and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a the_o helvetian_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n caesar_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o follow_v after_o and_o make_v a_o bridge_n he_o transport_v over_o his_o legion_n in_o one_o day_n which_o the_o helvetian_n can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o and_o send_v all_o his_o horse_n to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o which_o he_o have_v raise_v in_o the_o province_n and_o among_o the_o hedui_n to_o discover_v what_o way_n the_o enemy_n take_v it_o happen_v that_o they_o fall_v so_o near_o upon_o the_o rearguard_n of_o the_o helvetian_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v battle_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v some_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o helvetian_n make_v insolent_a with_o this_o victory_n for_o as_o much_o as_o 500_o of_o their_o man_n have_v put_v to_o rout_n so_o great_a a_o multitude_n begin_v now_o bold_o to_o resist_v and_o sometime_o part_v of_o their_o rearward_n will_v violent_o assault_v the_o roman_a legion_n caesar_n hold_v his_o man_n from_o give_v battle_n think_v it_o sufffcient_a for_o the_o present_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o pillage_n forage_n and_o depopulation_n and_o so_o they_o march_v fifteen_o day_n together_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o there_o be_v not_o above_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n between_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o helvetian_n and_o the_o vanguard_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o observation_n this_o example_n of_o the_o helvetian_n may_v lesson_n a_o commander_n not_o to_o wax_v insolent_a upon_o every_o overthrow_n which_o the_o enemy_n take_v but_o due_o to_o way_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o a_o victory_n get_v or_o a_o overthrow_n take_v that_o apprehend_v the_o right_a currant_n of_o the_o action_n he_o may_v neither_o vaunt_v of_o a_o blind_a victory_n nor_o be_v dismay_v at_o a_o casual_a mishap_n and_o herein_o let_v a_o heedful_a wariness_n so_o moderate_a the_o sequels_fw-fr of_o victory_n in_o a_o triumph_a spirit_n that_o the_o care_n and_o jealousy_n to_o keep_v still_o that_o sweet_a sound_a fame_n on_o foot_n may_v as_o far_o surpass_v the_o industry_n which_o he_o first_o use_v to_o obtain_v it_o as_o the_o continuance_n of_o happiness_n do_v exceed_v the_o beginning_n of_o good_a fortune_n for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n that_o although_o from_o her_o infancy_n even_o to_o the_o manhood_n of_o her_o age_n she_o never_o find_v want_n of_o that_o which_o she_o lust_v after_o yet_o when_o she_o meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o check_v her_o appetite_n and_o restrain_v her_o affection_n from_o their_o satisfaction_n she_o be_v as_o much_o trouble_v in_o that_o want_n as_o if_o she_o have_v never_o receive_v any_o contentment_n at_o all_o for_o our_o will_n to_o every_o object_n which_o it_o seek_v after_o beget_v always_o a_o new_a appetite_n which_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o a_o former_a quittance_n but_o either_o seek_v present_a payment_n or_o return_v discontentment_n unto_o the_o mind_n and_o as_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o everlasting_a be_v and_o can_v think_v of_o a_o end_n to_o her_o beginning_n so_o she_o seek_v a_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o she_o lust_v after_o which_o he_o that_o mean_v to_o hold_v fortune_n his_o friend_n will_v endeavour_n to_o maintain_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n send_v to_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o so_o to_o give_v the_o helvetian_n battle_n but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o false_a intelligence_n the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v he_o intend_v provision_n of_o corn_n caesar_n be_v advertise_v by_o his_o discoverer_n caesar_n that_o the_o helvetian_n lie_v under_o a_o hill_n about_o eight_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o camp_n and_o understand_v that_o the_o ascent_n unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o further_a side_n from_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a and_o easy_a in_o the_o three_o watch_n he_o send_v labienus_n with_o two_o legion_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o say_a hill_n and_o he_o himself_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n in_o the_o four_o watch_n his_o direction_n to_o labienus_n be_v that_o assoon_o as_o he_o perceive_v he_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n below_o in_o the_o valley_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v descend_v with_o as_o violent_a a_o shock_n as_o he_o can_v and_o so_o the_o helvetian_n shall_v be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_v at_o one_o instant_n but_o this_o intent_n be_v at_o that_o time_n frustrate_v through_o the_o causeless_a fear_n of_o one_o publius_n considius_n a_o man_n hold_v very_o skilful_a in_o matter_n of_o war_n for_o his_o experience_n first_o under_o silvius_n and_o afterward_o with_o crassus_n who_o be_v send_v by_o caesar_n to_o discover_v whether_o labienus_n have_v take_v the_o hill_n be_v strike_v with_o such_o a_o terror_n be_v so_o near_o a_o enemy_n of_o that_o fame_n that_o see_v the_o roman_a ensign_n display_v upon_o the_o
ambuscado_n of_o these_o numidian_n charge_v the_o legion_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o history_n say_v that_o primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la legionis_fw-la equitatus_fw-la &_o levis_fw-la armatura_fw-la hostium_fw-la nullo_fw-la negotio_fw-la loco_fw-la pulsa_fw-la &_o deiecta_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr coll_n and_o as_o they_o sometime_o retire_v and_o sometime_o charge_v upon_o the_o rerewarde_n of_o the_o army_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o numidian_a fight_n the_o history_n say_v caesariani_n interim_n non_fw-la amplius_fw-la tres_fw-la aut_fw-la quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la veterani_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la convertissent_fw-la &_o pila_fw-la viribus_fw-la contorta_fw-la in_o numidas_n infestos_fw-la coniecissent_fw-la amplius_fw-la duorum_fw-la millium_fw-la ad_fw-la unum_fw-la terga_fw-la vertebant_fw-la so_o that_o to_o free_v himself_o of_o this_o inconvenience_n he_o take_v his_o horseman_n out_o of_o the_o rearward_n and_o place_v his_o legion_n there_o ita_fw-la vim_o hostium_fw-la per_fw-la legionarium_fw-la militem_fw-la commodius_fw-la sustinebat_fw-la and_o ever_o as_o he_o march_v he_o cause_v 300._o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n to_o be_v free_a and_o without_o burden_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n quos_fw-la in_o equitum_fw-la labieni_fw-la immisit_fw-la tum_o labienus_n conversis_fw-la equis_fw-la signorum_fw-la conspectu_fw-la perterritus_fw-la turpissime_fw-la contendit_fw-la fugere_fw-la multis_fw-la eius_fw-la occisis_fw-la compluribus_fw-la vulneratis_fw-la milites_fw-la legionarij_fw-la ad_fw-la sua_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la signa_fw-la atque_fw-la iter_fw-la inceptum_fw-la ire_n caeperunt_fw-la i_o allege_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o history_n to_o take_v away_o all_o suspicion_n of_o falsify_v or_o wrest_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o affect_a opinion_n if_o any_o man_n will_v look_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disparity_n he_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v chief_o the_o work_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n a_o unresistable_a weapon_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o horseman_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fall_v so_o thick_a that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o avoid_v they_o but_o to_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o any_o light_a arm_a footman_n can_v better_a make_v head_n against_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o own_o party_n although_o they_o bear_v but_o the_o same_o weapon_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o nimble_a and_o ready_a they_o be_v that_o fight_v on_o foot_n either_o to_o take_v a_o advantage_n or_o to_o shun_v and_o avoid_v any_o danger_n cast_v their_o dart_n with_o far_o great_a strength_n and_o more_o certainty_n than_o the_o horseman_n can_v do_v for_o as_o the_o force_n of_o all_o the_o engine_n of_o old_a time_n as_o the_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n and_o tolenones_n proceed_v from_o that_o stability_n and_o rest_a centre_n which_o nature_n afford_v as_o the_o only_a strength_n and_o life_n of_o the_o engine_n so_o what_o force_n soever_o a_o man_n make_v must_v principal_o proceed_v from_o that_o firmness_n &_o stay_n which_o nature_n by_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o other_o unmoveable_a rest_n give_v to_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v more_o or_o less_o strength_n according_a to_o the_o violence_n which_o it_o perform_v as_o he_o that_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n by_o so_o much_o tread_v heavy_a upon_o the_o earth_n by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n be_v heavy_a than_o his_o body_n the_o footman_n therefore_o have_v a_o sure_a stay_n to_o counterpoise_v their_o force_a motion_n than_o the_o horseman_n have_v cast_v their_o dart_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o consequent_o with_o more_o certainty_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n prevent_v ariovistus_fw-la of_o his_o purpose_n by_o make_v two_o camp_n the_o superstition_n of_o the_o german_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o fight_v caesar_n but_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n lest_o peradventure_o he_o shall_v intercept_v the_o sequani_n and_o other_o of_o his_o associate_n as_o they_o come_v with_o convoy_n of_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_n beyond_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o german_n abode_n about_o 600_o pace_n from_o their_o camp_n he_o choose_v a_o ground_n meet_v to_o encamp_v in_o and_o march_v thither_o in_o three_o battle_n command_v two_o of_o they_o to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n and_o the_o three_o to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n ariovistus_fw-la scent_n 15000_o footman_n and_o all_o his_o horse_n to_o disturb_v the_o soldier_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o entrenchment_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n as_o he_o have_v before_o determine_v cause_v two_o battle_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n and_o the_o three_o to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o work_n which_o be_v end_v he_o leave_v there_o two_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o associate_n force_n and_o lead_v the_o other_o four_o legion_n back_o again_o into_o his_o great_a camp_n and_o so_o he_o rest_v secure_a concern_v the_o convoy_n from_o the_o sequani_n and_o by_o his_o great_a camp_n cut_v off_o the_o passage_n between_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o the_o rhine_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n bring_v his_o whole_a power_n out_o of_o both_o his_o camp_n and_o march_v a_o little_a from_o the_o great_a camp_n he_o put_v his_o man_n in_o array_n and_o proffer_a battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n about_o noon_n he_o convey_v his_o army_n into_o their_o several_a camp_n then_o at_o length_n ariovistus_fw-la send_v part_n of_o his_o force_n to_o assault_v the_o lesser_a camp_n the_o encounter_n continue_v very_o sharp_a on_o both_o part_n until_o the_o evening_n and_o at_o sunset_a after_o many_o wound_n give_v and_o take_v ariovistus_fw-la convey_v his_o army_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n and_o as_o caesar_n make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o captain_n what_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o ariovistus_fw-la refuse_v battle_n he_o find_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n the_o german_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o their_o woman_n shall_v by_o cast_v of_o lot_n and_o southsay_v declare_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o their_o behoof_n to_o fight_v or_o no_o and_o that_o they_o find_v by_o their_o art_n the_o german_n can_v not_o get_v the_o victory_n if_o they_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v what_o especial_a importance_n this_o manner_n of_o encamp_v carry_v in_o that_o absolute_a discipline_n which_o the_o roman_n observe_v and_o by_o which_o they_o conquer_v so_o many_o nation_n for_o beside_o the_o safety_n which_o it_o afford_v their_o own_o troop_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o hold_v well_o fence_v and_o man_v or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a fortify_v town_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o think_v it_o expedient_a either_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o or_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o passage_n hinder_v his_o attempt_n block_v up_o his_o camp_n beside_o many_o other_o advantage_n all_o avetr_a the_o say_n of_o domitius_n corbulo_n dolabra_fw-la vincendum_fw-la esse_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o thing_n long_a time_n neglect_v but_o of_o late_a happy_o renew_v by_o the_o commander_n of_o such_o force_n as_o serve_v the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o belgia_n who_o time_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o war_n have_v teach_v to_o entertain_v the_o use_n of_o the_o spade_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o in_o as_o great_a reputation_n as_o any_o weapon_n whatsoever_o which_o may_v be_v think_v worthy_a executioner_n of_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a for_o i_o understand_v the_o german_n to_o be_v as_o barbarous_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o religion_n as_o any_o know_a nation_n of_o that_o time_n be_v in_o a_o climate_n so_o near_o the_o north_n that_o it_o afford_v no_o contemplation_n at_o all_o that_o can_v not_o make_v use_n in_o their_o great_a affair_n of_o that_o superstition_n to_o which_o their_o mind_n be_v natural_o enthral_v and_o forge_v prophecy_n and_o divination_n as_o well_o to_o stir_v up_o as_o to_o moderate_v the_o irregular_a motion_n of_o a_o multitude_n according_a as_o they_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o advantage_v their_o proceed_n neither_o do_v caesar_n let_v slip_v the_o occasion_n of_o make_v use_n of_o this_o their_o religion_n for_o understanding_n by_o their_o prisoner_n that_o their_o divination_n forbid_v they_o to_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n he_o use_v all_o the_o mean_n he_o can_v to_o provoke_v they_o to_o battle_n that_o their_o religious_a opinion_n of_o mischieve_v might_n prejudice_n their_o resolution_n to_o return_v conqueror_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o superstitious_a people_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o industry_n or_o fortune_n may_v discover_v to_o
their_o overthrow_n it_o be_v record_v that_o columbus_n be_v general_n of_o some_o force_n which_o ferdinando_n king_n of_o castille_n send_v to_o discover_v the_o west_n indies_n &_o suffer_v great_a penury_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n in_o the_o i_o will_v of_o jamaica_n after_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v how_o the_o islander_n worship_v the_o moon_n and_o have_v knowledge_n of_o a_o eclipse_n that_o be_v short_o after_o to_o happen_v he_o tell_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o unless_o they_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o want_v for_o the_o time_n the_o wrath_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v quick_o appear_v towards_o they_o by_o change_v his_o bright_a shine_a face_n into_o obscurity_n and_o darkness_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o happen_v but_o the_o poor_a indian_n strike_v with_o a_o superstitious_a fear_n of_o that_o which_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n require_v keep_v nothing_o back_o that_o may_v assist_v their_o enemy_n to_o depopulate_v and_o over_o run_v their_o own_o country_n chap._n xix_o caesar_n seek_v mean_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o the_o german_n dispose_v themselves_o thereunto_o caesar_z foreslow_v not_o that_o advantage_n caesar_n but_o the_o next_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o each_o of_o his_o camp_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o number_n of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n be_v small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o german_n he_o place_v all_o the_o auxiliarie_n troop_n for_o a_o show_n before_o the_o lesser_a camp_n and_o put_v his_o legion_n into_o a_o triple_a battle_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o camp_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o then_o at_o length_n be_v the_o german_n constrain_v to_o bring_v out_o their_o power_n set_v every_o tribe_n &_o people_n by_o itself_o in_o a_o like_a distance_n and_o order_n of_o battle_n and_o environ_v their_o whole_a army_n with_o their_o cart_n and_o carriage_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o hope_n at_o all_o left_a to_o save_v any_o man_n by_o flight_n that_o dare_v not_o abide_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o these_o chariot_n they_o place_v their_o woman_n that_o they_o by_o their_o outstretch_a hand_n and_o tear_n move_v pity_n may_v implore_v the_o soldier_n as_o they_o descend_v by_o course_n into_o the_o battle_n not_o to_o deliver_v they_o the_o author_n of_o their_o life_n and_o be_v into_o the_o bondage_n and_o thraldom_n of_o the_o roman_n caesar_n assign_v to_o every_o legion_n a_o legate_n and_o a_o quaestor_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o he_o himself_o begin_v the_o battle_n with_o the_o right_a cornet_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o perceive_v that_o part_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la army_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a the_o first_o observation_n the_o roman_n even_o from_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o state_n be_v ever_o zealous_a admirer_n of_o true_a honour_n and_o always_o desire_v to_o behold_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o what_o measure_n of_o virtue_n every_o man_n have_v attain_v that_o the_o tongue_n with_o great_a fervency_n of_o spirit_n may_v sound_v out_o the_o celebration_n of_o macte_fw-la virtute_fw-la which_o import_v more_o honour_n than_o any_o wealth_n that_o can_v be_v heap_v upon_o they_o neither_o be_v this_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o wisdom_n consider_v that_o the_o most_o precious_a thing_n that_o be_v loose_a much_o of_o their_o worth_n if_o they_o be_v not_o suit_v with_o other_o correspondent_a nature_n who_o sympathy_n add_v much_o more_o excellency_n than_o be_v discern_v when_o they_o appear_v by_o themselves_o without_o such_o assistance_n for_o how_o small_a be_v the_o beauty_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o eye-pleasing_a diamond_n when_o it_o be_v not_o adorn_v with_o a_o artificial_a form_n or_o what_o perfection_n can_v the_o form_n give_v without_o a_o foil_n to_o strengthten_v it_o or_o what_o good_a be_v in_o either_o of_o they_o if_o the_o light_n do_v not_o illuminate_v it_o or_o what_o avail_n all_o these_o where_o there_o want_v a_o eye_n to_o admire_v it_o a_o judgement_n to_o value_v it_o and_o a_o heart_n to_o embrace_v it_o such_o a_o union_n have_v nature_n imprint_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o creature_n concur_v to_o perfection_n and_o especial_o in_o moral_a action_n in_o who_o carriage_n there_o be_v a_o far_o great_a exactness_n of_o correspondency_n require_v to_o approve_v they_o honourable_a then_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o jewel_n beautiful_a and_o this_o do_v caesar_n in_o all_o his_o battle_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o at_o alesia_n be_v particular_o note_v in_o this_o manner_n quoth_v in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la neque_fw-la recte_fw-la aut_fw-la turpiter_fw-la factum_fw-la celari_fw-la poterat_fw-la utrosque_fw-la &_o laudis_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la &_o timor_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la ad_fw-la virtutem_fw-la excitabat_fw-la and_o when_o livy_n will_v express_v how_o valiant_o a_o action_n be_v carry_v he_o say_v no_o more_o but_o in_o conspectu_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la res_fw-la gerebatur_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o roman_n be_v diligent_a observer_n of_o every_o man_n worth_n reward_v virtue_n with_o honour_n and_o cowardice_n with_o reproach_n every_o man_n bend_v his_o whole_a endeavour_n to_o deserve_v the_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o general_n by_o discharge_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o the_o common_a wealth_n with_o all_o loyalty_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o spirit_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o roman_n have_v four_o form_n of_o the_o front_n of_o their_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v call_v acies_fw-la recta_fw-la when_o neither_o the_o cornet_n nor_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v one_o before_o another_o but_o be_v all_o carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o make_v a_o straight_a front_n and_o this_o be_v their_o most_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v the_o second_o form_n of_o the_o front_n be_v call_v obliqua_fw-la when_o as_o one_o of_o the_o cornet_n be_v advance_v near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n than_o the_o rest_n to_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v common_o as_o vegetius_n note_v the_o right_a cornet_n for_o the_o right_a cornet_n of_o a_o army_n have_v great_a advantage_n against_o the_o left_a of_o the_o enemy_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o furniture_n but_o caesar_n do_v it_o in_o this_o place_n because_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v weak_a in_o that_o part_n follow_v a_o maxim_n of_o great_a authority_n that_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o a_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o army_n for_o so_o favourable_a be_v man_n judgement_n to_o that_o which_o be_v already_o happen_v that_o the_o sequel_n of_o every_o action_n depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o beginning_n dimidium_fw-la facti_fw-la qui_fw-la bene_fw-la caepit_fw-la habet_fw-la say_v a_o poet_n and_o not_o without_o great_a reason_n so_o forcible_a continual_o be_v the_o beginning_n and_o so_o connex_v to_o the_o sequel_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o precedent_a cause_n that_o the_o end_n must_v needs_o err_v from_o the_o common_a course_n when_o it_o do_v not_o participate_v of_o that_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o good_a end_n without_o a_o good_a beginning_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n be_v oftentimes_o disastrous_a and_o unlucky_a and_o the_o end_n fortunate_a and_o happy_a yet_o before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o end_n there_o be_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n for_o the_o bad_a beginning_n be_v not_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o good_a but_o of_o a_o evil_a end_n and_o therefore_o that_o his_o man_n may_v foresee_v a_o happy_a end_n in_o a_o good_a beginning_n it_o behoove_v he_o with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o army_n to_o assault_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o three_o form_n of_o the_o front_n be_v call_v sinuata_fw-la when_o both_o the_o cornet_n be_v advance_v forward_o and_o the_o battle_n stand_v backward_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n scipio_n use_v it_o in_o spain_n have_v observe_v some_o day_n before_o that_o the_o enemy_n continual_o so_o dispose_v of_o the_o battle_n that_o his_o best_a soldier_n be_v always_o in_o the_o midst_n and_o therefore_o scipio_n put_v all_o his_o old_a soldier_n in_o the_o cornet_n and_o bring_v they_o out_o first_o to_o charge_v upon_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o those_o may_v decide_v the_o controversy_n before_o the_o other_o that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n can_v come_v to_o fight_v the_o last_o form_n be_v call_v gibbosa_fw-mi or_o gibbera_fw-la acies_fw-la when_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v and_o the_o two_o cornet_n lag_v behind_o this_o form_n do_v hannibal_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n but_o with_o this_o art_n that_o he_o strengthen_v his_o
side_n of_o the_o rhine_n have_v promise_v to_o send_v they_o succour_v yea_o their_o madness_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o themselves_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v back_o the_o suessone_n from_o that_o attempt_n be_v their_o brethren_n and_o kinsman_n in_o blood_n and_o use_v the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o they_o do_v have_v both_o one_o magistrate_n and_o one_o form_n of_o government_n but_o they_o will_v needs_o support_v the_o same_o quarrel_n which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o belgae_n have_v undertake_v the_o observation_n i_o may_v here_o take_v occasion_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o a_o particular_a revoult_v in_o a_o general_a cause_n and_o how_o a_o confederate_a state_n may_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o own_o safety_n forsake_v a_o common_a quarrel_n or_o whatsoever_o the_o universal_a society_n have_v enact_v prejudicial_a to_o their_o common_a weal_n but_o that_o i_o only_o intend_v to_o discover_v warlike_a practice_n leave_v these_o question_n of_o law_n and_o policy_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o better_a experience_n only_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n that_o such_o city_n as_o yield_v to_o the_o empire_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o their_o treasury_n howsoever_o they_o be_v otherwise_o combine_v by_o confederacy_n seldom_o or_o never_o repent_v they_o of_o their_o fact_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a patronage_n which_o they_o find_v in_o that_o state_n and_o of_o the_o due_a respect_n observe_v towards_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o power_n of_o the_o belgae_n and_o their_o preparation_n for_o this_o war_n caesar_n inquire_v of_o the_o ambassador_n which_o come_v from_o rheimes_n what_o the_o state_n be_v that_o have_v take_v arm_n caesar_n and_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o matter_n of_o war_n find_v the_o belgae_n to_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n who_o pass_v over_o the_o rhine_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n drive_v away_o the_o gall_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o that_o these_o only_a of_o all_o the_o gall_n keep_v the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n from_o enter_v into_o their_o country_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o great_a authority_n &_o vaunt_v much_o in_o their_o feat_n of_o arm_n concern_v their_o number_n they_o have_v these_o advertisement_n the_o beawois_n bellovaci_fw-la exceed_v all_o the_o belgae_n in_o prowess_n authority_n and_o number_n of_o man_n and_o promise_v 60000._o man_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o demand_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n the_o soissons_fw-fr suessone_n inhabit_v a_o large_a and_o fertile_a country_n and_o have_v 12._o wall_v town_n promise_v to_o set_v out_o 50000._o the_o turnai_n neruij_fw-la as_o many_o the_o arras_n attrebatij_fw-la 15000._o the_o amiens_n ambiani_n 10000_o the_o velocassij_fw-la and_o vermandois_n veromandui_n as_o many_o the_o terwene_v morini_n 25000._o the_o menapij_fw-la 7000._o the_o caletani_n 10000_o the_o catuaci_fw-la 19000._o the_o al._n eburones_n condrusones_n and_o other_o 40000._o caesar_n encourage_v the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n to_o persist_v their_o faithfulness_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n propound_v unto_o they_o great_a offer_n and_o liberal_a promise_n of_o recompense_n and_o command_v all_o their_o senate_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o bring_v with_o they_o their_o noble_a man_n son_n to_o be_v give_v up_o for_o hostage_n which_o they_o diligent_o perform_v by_o a_o day_n appoint_v and_o have_v receive_v two_o especial_a advertisement_n from_o the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v the_o singular_a opinion_n which_o be_v general_o hold_v of_o their_o manhood_n he_o provide_v for_o the_o first_o by_o persuade_v divitiacus_n the_o heduan_n that_o it_o much_o import_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o those_o business_n to_o keep_v asunder_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o withhold_v their_o force_n from_o make_v a_o head_n that_o so_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o dange_a of_o incounter_v so_o great_a a_o power_n at_o one_o instant_a which_o may_v easy_o be_v bring_v to_o pass_v if_o the_o hedui_n will_v enter_v with_o a_o strong_a power_n into_o the_o march_n of_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la and_o sack_v their_o territory_n with_o sword_n and_o confusion_n which_o divitiacus_n promise_v to_o perform_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o speedy_o return_v into_o his_o country_n upon_o the_o second_o advertisement_n which_o present_v unto_o he_o the_o great_a valour_n and_o manhood_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o give_v they_o battle_n but_o first_o to_o prove_v by_o skirmish_v with_o his_o horseman_n what_o his_o enemy_n by_o their_o prowess_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v the_o observation_n this_o rule_n of_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o worth_n of_o a_o enemy_n have_v always_o be_v observe_v by_o prudent_a and_o grave_a commander_n as_o the_o sure_a principle_n whereon_o the_o true_a judgement_n of_o the_o event_n may_v be_v ground_v for_o if_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n which_o teach_v that_o the_o word_n non_fw-fr putabam_fw-la be_v never_o hear_v out_o of_o a_o wise_a man_n mouth_n have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o course_n of_o humane_a action_n it_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o manage_v these_o main_a point_n whereon_o the_o state_n of_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n depend_v for_o unless_o we_o be_v persuade_v that_o blind_a chance_n direct_v the_o course_n of_o this_o world_n with_o a_o uncertain_a confusion_n and_o that_o no_o foresight_n can_v sway_n the_o balance_n of_o our_o hap_n into_o either_o part_n of_o our_o fortune_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o by_o all_o mean_v indevor_n to_o ground_n our_o knowledge_n upon_o true_a cause_n and_o level_v our_o proceed_n to_o that_o certainty_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v urge_v inasmuch_o as_o our_o leader_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v when_o they_o look_v no_o further_o then_o to_o match_v a_o enemy_n with_o equality_n of_o number_n refer_v their_o valour_n to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o battle_n not_o consider_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o itself_o can_v discern_v the_o difference_n between_o two_o champion_n of_o like_a presence_n and_o outward_a carriage_n unless_o it_o see_v their_o strength_n compare_v together_o and_o weigh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o trial_n which_o caesar_n omit_v not_o diligent_o to_o observe_v before_o he_o will_v adventure_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n for_o beside_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n it_o give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o his_o man_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o able_a to_o countermatch_n a_o enemy_n and_o know_v their_o task_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o strength_n neither_o do_v he_o observe_v it_o only_o at_o this_o instant_n but_o 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towards_o he_o no_o great_a destance_n off_o he_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o divide_v the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n from_o the_o other_o belgae_n whereby_o he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o no_o enemy_n can_v come_v on_o the_o back_n of_o he_o to_o work_v any_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o corn_n may_v be_v bring_v unto_o he_o from_o rheimes_n and_o other_o city_n without_o danger_n and_o further_o that_o he_o may_v command_v the_o passage_n back_o again_o as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v to_o his_o best_a advantage_n he_o fortify_v a_o bridge_n which_o he_o find_v on_o the_o river_n with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o man_n and_o cause_v titurius_n sabinus_n a_o legate_n to_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o six_o cohorte_n command_v he_o to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o a_o rampire_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o altitude_n and_o a_o trench_n of_o 18_o foot_n in_o breadth_n
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mean_v that_o he_o who_o purpose_v to_o win_v a_o fortress_n well_o man_v and_o provide_v must_v first_o get_v the_o foot_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o ditch_n and_o then_o seize_v himself_o upon_o the_o rampire_n and_o so_o get_v the_o place_n for_o he_o say_v that_o mount_v and_o eminent_a elevation_n be_v of_o little_a use_n against_o fortress_n or_o sconce_n unless_o they_o overtop_v they_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o raise_v the_o parapet_n of_o the_o fortress_n in_o front_n and_o the_o curtain_n in_o flank_n according_a as_o the_o enemy_n shall_v carry_v his_o mount_n aloft_o and_o so_o they_o shall_v never_o come_v to_o overtop_v the_o hold_n but_o all_o camp_n and_o lodging_n be_v take_v by_o the_o head_n that_o be_v by_o mount_n and_o elevation_n which_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o height_n command_v the_o champion_n for_o he_o hold_v it_o impossible_a to_o raise_v a_o mount_n within_o the_o camp_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n to_o contest_v that_o 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menapij_n stand_v out_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v never_o either_o send_v ambassador_n or_o otherwise_o treat_v of_o peace_n caesar_n think_v that_o war_n may_v quick_o be_v end_v lead_v his_o army_n into_o their_o country_n at_o his_o come_n he_o find_v they_o to_o carry_v the_o war_n far_o otherwise_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gall_n have_v do_v for_o understand_v that_o the_o great_a nation_n of_o gallia_n which_o have_v wage_v battle_n with_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v whole_a continent_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n in_o their_o territory_n they_o convey_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o good_n into_o those_o quarter_n caesar_n come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wood_n begin_v to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n not_o discover_v any_o enemy_n near_o about_o he_o but_o as_o his_o man_n be_v disperse_v in_o
their_o charge_n they_o sudden_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_n but_o be_v speedy_o drive_v in_o again_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o they_o as_o the_o roman_n follow_v they_o far_o into_o the_o wood_n have_v some_o few_o of_o their_o man_n slay_v the_o time_n that_o remain_v caesar_n resolve_v to_o spend_v in_o cut_v down_o the_o wood_n and_o lest_o the_o soldier_n may_v be_v take_v unaware_o while_o they_o be_v busy_v in_o that_o work_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o place_v all_o the_o tree_n which_o they_o cut_v down_o on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o army_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o defence_n against_o sudden_a assault_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v thus_o rid_v within_o a_o few_o day_n so_o that_o their_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v take_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o they_o themselves_o be_v flee_v into_o thick_a wood_n at_o which_o time_n there_o happen_v such_o a_o continual_a rain_n as_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o soldier_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o lie_v in_o tent_n of_o skin_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n after_o he_o have_v waste_v and_o spoil_v their_o country_n burn_v their_o town_n and_o their_o house_n he_o carry_v back_o his_o army_n and_o place_v they_o in_o such_o city_n to_o winter_n in_o as_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o late_a war_n observation_n the_o irish_a rebel_n have_v the_o like_a commodity_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n do_v entertain_v the_o like_a course_n of_o war_n as_o the_o morini_n do_v with_o caesar_n the_o mean_n which_o he_o use_v to_o disappoint_v they_o of_o that_o practice_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o the_o wood_n which_o if_o it_o be_v think_v monstrous_a in_o this_o age_n or_o ridiculous_a to_o our_o man_n of_o war_n let_v they_o consider_v that_o the_o roman_a discipline_n wrought_v great_a effect_n of_o valour_n then_o can_v be_v make_v credible_a by_o the_o use_n of_o these_o time_n for_o beside_o their_o exquisite_a discipline_n which_o 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any_o sudden_a assault_n than_o they_o do_v in_o cut_v it_o down_o which_o deserve_v as_o great_a admiration_n as_o the_o former_a part_n there_o be_v another_o place_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o these_o commentary_n which_o express_v more_o particular_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o war_n and_o may_v serve_v to_o acquaint_v we_o with_o that_o which_o caesar_n do_v in_o these_o difficulty_n the_o eburones_n or_o the_o man_n of_o liege_n have_v the_o like_a commodity_n of_o wood_n and_o bog_n and_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o the_o war_n they_o have_v with_o caesar_n the_o matter_n say_v he_o require_v great_a diligence_n not_o so_o much_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o there_o can_v no_o danger_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v fright_v and_o disperse_v as_o the_o safety_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n which_o in_o part_n do_v pertain_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n carry_v many_o of_o the_o soldier_n far_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o wood_n be_v full_a of_o unknown_a and_o secret_a passage_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o go_v either_o thick_a together_o or_o close_o imbattail_v if_o he_o desire_v to_o have_v the_o war_n end_v and_o the_o race_n of_o those_o wicked_a man_n to_o be_v root_v out_o he_o must_v of_o force_n make_v many_o small_a company_n and_o divide_v his_o man_n into_o many_o body_n but_o if_o he_o will_v have_v the_o maniple_n to_o keep_v at_o their_o ensign_n as_o the_o discipline_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n require_v then_o the_o place_n be_v a_o shelter_n and_o defence_n to_o the_o enemy_n neither_o do_v they_o want_v courage_n to_o lay_v ambushment_n and_o to_o circumvent_v such_o as_o they_o find_v alone_o straggle_a from_o their_o company_n in_o these_o difficulty_n there_o be_v as_o much_o do_v as_o diligence_n can_v do_v provide_v rather_o to_o be_v want_v in_o the_o offensive_a part_n although_o all_o man_n mind_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n with_o revenge_n then_o to_o hurt_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o border_a state_n to_o come_v out_o and_o sack_v the_o eburones_n and_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o prey_n for_o their_o labour_n that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o gall_n rather_o than_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n may_v be_v hazard_v in_o those_o wood_n as_o also_o that_o with_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n both_o the_o race_n and_o name_n of_o that_o people_n may_v be_v quite_o extinguish_v there_o be_v many_o particularity_n in_o this_o relation_n which_o concern_v the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o irish_a war_n which_o may_v be_v better_o observe_v by_o such_o as_o know_v those_o war_n by_o experience_n then_o by_o myself_o that_o understand_v they_o only_o by_o relation_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v such_o exception_n as_o my_o rule_n shall_v make_v of_o the_o parallel_n in_o these_o two_o case_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o and_o thus_o end_v the_o three_o commentary_n the_o four_o commentary_n the_o argument_n the_o vsipetes_n and_o tenchtheri_n be_v drive_v to_o seek_v new_a seat_n in_o gallia_n they_o drive_v the_o menapij_fw-la out_o of_o their_o territory_n but_o in_o the_o end_n be_v overthrow_v by_o caesar_n that_o war_n be_v end_v he_o make_v a_o bridge_n upon_o the_o rhine_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o germany_n he_o take_v revenge_n upon_o the_o sicambri_n and_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o vbij_n return_v into_o gallia_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o brittany_n with_o the_o occurrence_n of_o that_o war_n chap._n i._n the_o zutpnen_n vsipetes_n and_o hassia_n tenchtheri_n bring_v great_a multitude_n of_o people_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o gallia_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o suevi_fw-la the_o winter_n follow_v caesar_n pompeie_n and_o crassus_n be_v consul_n the_o vsipetes_n and_o tenchtheri_n two_o german_a nation_n pass_v over_o the_o rhine_n with_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o reason_n of_o their_o flit_a be_v the_o ill_a entreaty_n which_o for_o many_o year_n together_o they_o have_v receive_v of_o the_o suevi_fw-la the_o great_a &_o warlike_a nation_n among_o the_o german_n for_o these_o suevi_fw-la have_v one_o hundred_o canton_n or_o shire_n which_o yearly_a furnish_v their_o war_n with_o 1000_o man_n a_o piece_n and_o keep_v as_o many_o at_o home_n to_o maintain_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o army_n abroad_o and_o these_o the_o year_n follow_v be_v in_o arm_n and_o the_o other_o stay_v at_o home_n and_o perform_v the_o like_a duty_n and_o so_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o all_o continue_v their_o experience_n both_o of_o tillage_n and_o matter_n of_o war_n they_o live_v chief_o upon_o cattle_n and_o milk_n and_o use_v much_o hunt_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n what_o through_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o diet_n their_o continual_a exercise_n and_o liberty_n of_o life_n be_v never_o tie_v to_o any_o discipline_n nor_o urge_v to_o any_o thing_n against_o their_o disposition_n that_o they_o be_v strong_a and_o of_o a_o large_a stature_n use_v skin_n and_o hide_v for_o their_o clothing_n which_o cover_v but_o part_n of_o their_o body_n the_o rest_n be_v naked_a their_o horseman_n oftentimes_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n be_v teach_v to_o stand_v still_o in_o one_o place_n that_o when_o they_o will_v they_o may_v return_v unto_o they_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o base_a or_o dishonest_a in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o life_n then_o to_o use_v furniture_n for_o horse_n &_o will_v adventure_v to_o charge_n upon_o great_a troop_n of_o horse_n that_o use_v
and_o as_o zonaras_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n say_v be_v never_o give_v but_o upon_o some_o great_a exploit_n and_o after_o a_o just_a victory_n obtain_v and_o then_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v the_o general_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n with_o the_o triumphant_a shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n by_o which_o acclamation_n the_o soldier_n give_v testimony_n of_o his_o worth_n and_o make_v it_o equivalent_a with_o the_o most_o fortunate_a commander_n this_o ceremony_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o history_n annal._n and_o namely_o by_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o tiberius_n give_v that_o honour_n to_o blesus_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la by_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o show_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a dignity_n belong_v to_o great_a captain_n after_o they_o have_v foil_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o eminent_a overthrow_n for_o every_o victory_n be_v not_o sufficient_a whereby_o they_o may_v challenge_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o there_o be_v require_v as_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v slay_v apian_a in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o name_n of_o imperator_n be_v never_o take_v but_o upon_o great_a and_o admirable_a exploit_n but_o in_o his_o time_n 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o battle_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o that_o honour_n cicero_n say_v that_o 2000_o slay_v in_o the_o place_n especial_o of_o thracian_n 14._o spaniard_n or_o gall_n do_v worthy_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o imperator_n howsoever_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n require_v to_o be_v slay_v 9_o where_o he_o say_v se_fw-la insta_fw-la victoria_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la appellatum_fw-la chap._n xi_o the_o britain_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britain_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v further_o off_o shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_v of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v othersome_a be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n ward_n and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o such_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchor_n gable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a whereat_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarrie_v they_o bcke_v again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o important_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v this_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o all_o mediterrean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinew_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuskane_n sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o currant_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o noruegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a currant_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o
attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o civil_a government_n so_o we_o find_v that_o first_o assyrian_n and_o babylonians_n as_o near_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o armenia_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v and_o people_n first_o inhabit_v reduce_v their_o state_n into_o common_a weal_n of_o monarchy_n of_o exquisite_a government_n flourish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n when_o as_o yet_o other_o country_n lay_v either_o waste_n or_o overwhelm_v with_o barbarism_n from_o thence_o it_o flow_v into_o egypt_n out_o of_o egypt_n into_o greece_n out_o of_o greece_n into_o italy_n out_o of_o italy_n into_o gallia_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o england_n where_o our_o kentishman_n first_o entertain_v it_o as_o border_v upon_o france_n and_o frequent_v with_o merchant_n of_o those_o country_n chap._n v._n diverse_a skirmish_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o britain_n the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o chariot_n caesar_n gale_n a_o sharp_a conflict_n to_o the_o roman_a horseman_n in_o their_o march_n but_o so_o that_o the_o roman_n get_v the_o better_a every_o way_n drive_v they_o with_o great_a slaughter_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o hill_n and_o lose_v also_o some_o of_o their_o own_o man_n be_v too_o venturous_a in_o the_o pursuit_n the_o britain_n be_v after_o some_o intermission_n of_o time_n when_o the_o roman_n little_a thought_n of_o they_o &_o be_v busy_v in_o fortify_v their_o camp_n come_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o charge_v upon_o those_o that_o keep_v station_n before_o the_o camp_n caesar_n send_v out_o two_o the_o thick_a cohort_n of_o two_o legion_n to_o second_v their_o fellow_n these_o two_o cohorte_n stand_v with_o a_o small_a alley_n between_o they_o the_o other_o that_o be_v first_o charge_v be_v terrify_v with_o that_o strange_a kind_n of_o fight_n bold_o break_v through_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o retire_v in_o safety_n to_o their_o fellow_n that_o day_n quintus_fw-la laberius_n durus_fw-la a_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v slay_v the_o britain_n be_v repel_v with_o more_o cohorte_n which_o caesar_n send_v to_o second_v the_o former_a and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o fight_n happen_v in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o camp_n it_o be_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n be_v neither_o able_a for_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o armour_n to_o follow_v the_o enemy_n as_o he_o retire_v nor_o yet_o dare_v to_o go_v far_o from_o his_o ensign_n be_v not_o a_o fit_a adversary_n to_o contest_v this_o kind_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o the_o horseman_n likewise_o fight_v with_o no_o less_o danger_n inasmuch_o as_o the_o enemy_n will_v retire_v back_o of_o purpose_n and_o when_o they_o have_v draw_v they_o a_o little_a from_o the_o legion_n they_o will_v then_o light_v from_o their_o chariot_n and_o encounter_v they_o with_o that_o advantage_n which_o be_v between_o a_o footman_n and_o a_o horseman_n furthermore_o they_o never_o fight_v thick_a and_o close_o together_o but_o thin_a and_o in_o great_a distance_n have_v station_n of_o man_n to_o succour_v one_o another_o to_o receive_v the_o weary_a and_o to_o send_v out_o fresh_a supply_n observation_n upon_o this_o occasion_n of_o their_o heavy_a armour_n i_o will_v describe_v a_o legionarie_n soldior_fw-la in_o his_o complete_a furniture_n that_o we_o may_v better_o judge_v of_o their_o manner_n of_o warfare_n and_o understand_v wherein_o their_o great_a strength_n consist_v and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o learn_v that_o their_o legionarie_a soldier_n be_v call_v milites_fw-la gravis_fw-la armaturae_fw-la soldier_n wear_v heavy_a armour_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o velite_n the_o archer_n slinger_n and_o other_o light_a arm_a man_n their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o couple_n of_o pile_n or_o as_o some_o will_n but_o one_o pile_n and_o a_o spanish_a sword_n short_a and_o strong_a to_o strike_v rather_o with_o the_o point_n then_o with_o the_o edge_n their_o defensive_a arm_n be_v a_o helmet_n a_o corslet_n and_o boot_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o large_a target_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v offensive_a in_o regard_n of_o that_o umbonem_fw-la which_o stick_v out_o in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o the_o pile_n be_v describe_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o book_n and_o the_o target_n in_o the_o second_o the_o sword_n as_o polybius_n witness_v be_v short_a two_o edge_a yerie_a sharp_a and_o of_o a_o strong_a point_n and_o therefore_o livy_n in_o his_o 22._o book_n say_v that_o the_o gall_n use_v very_o long_a sword_n without_o point_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v short_a sword_n ready_a for_o use_v these_o they_o call_v spanish_a sword_n because_o they_o borrow_v that_o fashion_n from_o the_o spaniarde_n the_o old_a roman_n be_v so_o gird_v with_o their_o sword_n as_o appear_v by_o polybius_n and_o their_o monument_n in_o marble_n that_o from_o their_o left_a shoulder_n it_o hang_v upon_o their_o right_a thigh_n contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o these_o time_n which_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n this_o sword_n be_v hang_v with_o a_o belt_n of_o leather_n beset_v with_o stud_n as_o varro_n note_v and_o these_o be_v their_o offensive_a weapon_n 4._o their_o helmet_n be_v of_o brass_n 10._o adorn_v with_o three_o ostrich_n feather_n of_o a_o cubite_fw-la in_o length_n by_o which_o the_o soldier_n appear_v of_o a_o large_a stature_n and_o more_o terrible_a to_o the_o enemy_n as_o polybius_n say_v in_o his_o 6._o book_n their_o breast_n plate_n be_v either_o of_o brass_n or_o iron_n joint_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o scale_n or_o plait_v with_o little_a ring_n of_o iron_n their_o boot_n be_v make_v of_o bar_n of_o brass_n from_o the_o foot_n up_o to_o the_o knee_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o legionarie_a soldier_n arm_v to_o stand_v firm_a rather_o then_o to_o use_v any_o nimble_a motion_n and_o to_o combine_v themselves_o into_o a_o body_n of_o that_o strength_n which_o may_v not_o easy_o recoil_v at_o the_o opposition_n of_o any_o confrontment_n for_o agility_n stand_v indifferent_a to_o help_v either_o a_o retreit_n or_o a_o pursuit_n and_o nimble_a footed_a soldier_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o fly_v back_o as_o to_o march_v forward_o but_o a_o weighty_a body_n keep_v a_o more_o regular_a motion_n and_o be_v not_o hinder_v with_o a_o common_a counterbuff_n so_o that_o whensoever_o they_o come_v to_o firm_a buckel_a and_o feel_v the_o enemy_n stand_v stiff_a before_o they_o such_o be_v their_o practice_n and_o exercise_v in_o continual_a work_n that_o they_o never_o faint_v under_o any_o such_o task_n but_o the_o victory_n go_v always_o clear_a on_o their_o side_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n give_v way_n to_o their_o violence_n and_o come_v not_o in_o but_o for_o advantage_n and_o then_o as_o speedy_o retire_v before_o the_o counterbuff_n be_v well_o discharge_v then_o do_v their_o nimbleness_n much_o help_v their_o weakness_n and_o frustrate_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n this_o be_v also_o prove_v in_o the_o overthrow_n of_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n where_o ambiorix_n find_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o buckel_a at_o handy_a blow_n command_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v a_o far_o off_o and_o if_o they_o be_v assault_v to_o give_v back_o and_o to_o come_v on_o again_o as_o they_o see_v occasion_n which_o so_o weary_v out_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o all_o fall_v under_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o gall_n let_v this_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o show_v how_o unapt_a the_o roman_n be_v to_o fly_v upon_o any_o occasion_n when_o their_o armour_n be_v such_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o from_o all_o start_a motion_n and_o make_v they_o suitable_a to_o the_o stay_a and_o well_o assure_a rule_n of_o their_o discipline_n which_o be_v as_o certain_a principle_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o a_o stand_a battle_n and_o therefore_o not_o so_o fit_a either_o for_o a_o pursuit_n or_o a_o flight_n concern_v the_o unequal_a combat_n between_o a_o horseman_n and_o a_o footman_n it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o a_o footman_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o advantage_n against_o a_o horseman_n be_v overmatch_v at_o least_o with_o a_o sextuple_a proportion_n both_o of_o strength_n and_o agility_n but_o we_o must_v understande_v that_o as_o the_o horse_n be_v much_o swift_a in_o a_o long_a career_n so_o in_o speedy_a and_o nimble_a turn_n at_o hand_n wherein_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o combat_n consist_v the_o footman_n far_o exceed_v the_o horseman_n in_o advantage_n have_v a_o large_a mark_n to_o hit_v by_o the_o horse_n than_o the_o other_o have_v beside_o the_o horseman_n engage_v both_o his_o valour_n and_o his_o fortune_n in_o the_o good_a speed_n of_o his_o horse_n his_o wound_n and_o his_o death_n do_v consequent_o pull_v the_o rider_n after_o his_o fear_n or_o fury_n make_v his_o master_n
somewhat_o incline_v to_o the_o partiality_n of_o a_o strong_a affection_n so_o powerful_a be_v passion_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o so_o interest_v in_o the_o other_o faculty_n and_o this_o be_v one_o cause_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o man_n judgement_n from_o whence_o all_o contrary_a and_o different_a opinion_n do_v arise_v neither_o be_v this_o so_o strange_a a_o matter_n that_o a_o council_n of_o war_n shall_v so_o much_o vary_v in_o case_n of_o deliberation_n when_o as_o many_o especial_a point_n of_o military_a discipline_n remain_v yet_o undecided_a have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o all_o age_n to_o ratify_v the_o truth_n on_o either_o part_n whereof_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o example_n but_o concern_v the_o issue_n and_o event_n of_o our_o deliberation_n what_o can_v be_v more_o true_o say_v then_o that_o of_o the_o poet_n et_fw-la malè_fw-la consultis_fw-la pretium_fw-la est_fw-la prudentia_fw-la fallax_fw-la nec_fw-la fortuna_fw-la probat_fw-la causas_fw-la sequiturque_fw-la merentes_fw-la sed_fw-la vaga_fw-la per_fw-la cunctos_fw-la nullo_fw-la discrimine_fw-la fertur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la est_fw-la aliuà _fw-la quod_fw-la nos_fw-la cogatque_fw-la regatque_fw-la maius_n &_o in_o proprias_fw-la ducat_n mortalia_fw-la leges_fw-la notwithstanding_o forasmuch_o as_o our_o wisdom_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o fortune_n but_o that_o it_o may_v comprehend_v within_o itself_o the_o good_a direction_n of_o most_o of_o the_o occurrence_n which_o fall_v within_o the_o course_n of_o our_o business_n or_o if_o we_o must_v needs_o miscarry_v yet_o it_o somewhat_o help_v our_o ill_a fortune_n to_o think_v that_o we_o go_v upon_o best_a probability_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o set_v down_o some_o rule_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o a_o mature_a consultation_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o our_o knowledge_n arise_v from_o some_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o our_o sense_n comprehend_v only_a particularity_n which_o be_v carry_v unto_o the_o apprehension_n be_v dispose_v into_o form_n and_o degree_n according_a as_o they_o either_o concur_v or_o disagree_v in_o their_o several_a property_n from_o whence_o there_o arise_v intellectual_a notion_n and_o rule_n of_o art_n wherein_o the_o science_n of_o the_o say_a particular_n consist_v so_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o debate_v a_o matter_n with_o sound_a deliberation_n must_v descend_v from_o confuse_a conception_n and_o a_o knowledge_n in_o general_a to_o the_o exact_a distinction_n of_o particular_a part_n which_o be_v the_o occurrence_n to_o be_v direct_v and_o the_o material_a substance_n of_o every_o action_n he_o therefore_o that_o can_v give_v best_a direction_n either_o by_o experience_n or_o judicious_a discourse_n concern_v such_o particularity_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o matter_n propound_v can_v best_o advise_v which_o be_v the_o safe_a way_n to_o avoid_v the_o opposition_n of_o contradict_a nature_n but_o to_o make_v this_o somewhat_o plain_o i_o will_v allege_v 2._o example_n the_o one_o modern_a in_o case_n of_o consultation_n the_o other_o ancient_a and_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o pertinent_a to_o this_o matter_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a apology_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o free_o censure_v the_o quality_n of_o particular_a circumstance_n it_o may_v give_v great_a light_n to_o that_o which_o we_o seek_v after_o the_o modern_a example_n be_v take_v out_o of_o guicherdin_n 9_o from_o the_o war_n which_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n have_v with_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n wherein_o there_o arise_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o french_a captain_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o go_v direct_o to_o seek_v the_o enemy_n who_o albeit_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o strong_a and_o secure_a place_n yet_o there_o be_v hope_n that_o with_o the_o virtue_n of_o arm_n and_o importunity_n of_o artillery_n they_o may_v be_v dislodge_v and_o drive_v to_o a_o retreit_n or_o otherwise_o to_o take_v the_o way_n either_o of_o modina_n or_o bolognia_n that_o so_o the_o enemy_n for_o fear_n of_o lose_v either_o of_o those_o town_n may_v quit_v their_o hold_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v ferrara_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o the_o war_n mounseur_fw-fr chaumont_n the_o general_n of_o the_o french_a incline_v to_o the_o former_a advice_n but_o triwlce_fw-la a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n and_o experience_n have_v be_v a_o executioner_n in_o 18._o battle_n reason_v thus_o in_o particular_n to_o the_o contrary_n we_o debate_v say_v he_o to_o go_v seek_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o i_o have_v always_o hear_v great_a captain_n hold_v this_o as_o a_o firm_a principle_n not_o to_o attempt_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n unless_o there_o be_v either_o a_o offer_n of_o a_o especial_a advantage_n or_o otherwise_o compulsion_n by_o necessity_n the_o rule_n of_o war_n give_v 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their_o province_n and_o the_o next_o confederate_a state_n furnish_v their_o army_n continual_o with_o corn_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o for_o provision_n of_o grain_n he_o depend_v altogether_o upon_o the_o hedui_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o enemy_n country_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o reap_v and_o gather_v corn_n and_o deliver_v it_o thresh_v and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o treasurer_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v until_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n but_o to_o leave_v this_o frugal_a and_o provident_a manner_n of_o provision_n as_o unpossible_a to_o be_v imitate_v by_o this_o age_n let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o history_n and_o see_v how_o the_o helvetian_n be_v lead_v by_o a_o probable_a error_n to_o their_o last_o overthrow_n chap._n vii_o the_o helvetian_n follow_v after_o caesar_n and_o overtake_v the_o rearward_n he_o imbattail_v his_o legion_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o 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the_o ancient_a name_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la which_o ramus_n in_o his_o militia_n julij_fw-la caesaris_fw-la urge_v to_o be_v omit_v throughout_o the_o whole_a history_n i_o grant_v they_o be_v seldom_o use_v in_o these_o commentary_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o first_o institution_n for_o the_o hastati_fw-la when_o the_o discipline_n be_v first_o erect_v be_v the_o young_a and_o poor_a of_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v the_o lusty_a and_o able_a body_a man_n and_o the_o triarij_fw-la the_o elder_a and_o best_a experience_v but_o in_o caesar_n camp_n there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n either_o of_o valour_n or_o year_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarij_fw-la which_o he_o name_v prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la acies_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v never_o term_v by_o those_o name_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o difference_n notwithstanding_o in_o regard_n of_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o discipline_n that_o
to_o a_o faithful_a and_o serious_a execution_n of_o such_o a_o action_n to_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o man_n with_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n out_o of_o their_o conceit_n either_o of_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o disadvantage_n against_o the_o enemy_n for_o if_o at_o any_o time_n that_o say_v be_v true_a that_o oratio_fw-la plus_fw-la potest_fw-la quam_fw-la pecunia_fw-la it_o be_v here_o more_o powerful_a and_o of_o great_a effect_n for_o a_o donative_n or_o liberanca_fw-la can_v but_o procure_v a_o mercenary_a endeavour_n ever_o yield_v to_o a_o better_a offer_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o breed_v a_o suspicion_n of_o wrong_n even_o among_o those_o that_o be_v willing_o enrich_v with_o they_o and_o so_o make_v they_o flacke_a to_o discharge_v their_o service_n with_o loyalty_n yea_o oftentimes_o of_o friend_n to_o become_v enemy_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o speech_n disclose_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o 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key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilem_fw-la pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o loose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoeever_n else_o the_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o 3_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o unto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_n this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la romana_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o in_o form_n or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper_n wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot_a spirit_a enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upon_o they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n sallust_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v point_n blank_a and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light_a arm_a enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_n faint_v in_o
many_o strong_a and_o nimble_a footman_n who_o the_o horseman_n have_v select_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a host_n every_o man_n one_o for_o his_o safeguard_n these_o they_o have_v always_o at_o hand_n with_o they_o in_o battle_n and_o unto_o these_o they_o resort_v for_o succour_n if_o the_o horseman_n be_v overcharge_v these_o ever_o step_v into_o help_v they_o if_o any_o one_o be_v wound_v and_o unhorse_v they_o stand_v about_o he_o and_o succour_v he_o if_o the_o matter_n require_v either_o to_o adventure_v forward_o or_o to_o retire_v speedy_o back_o again_o their_o swiftness_n be_v such_o through_o continual_a exercise_n that_o hang_v on_o the_o horse_n main_a by_o the_o one_o hand_n they_o will_v run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horse_n the_o observation_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a unto_o the_o soldier_n of_o our_o time_n that_o the_o footman_n shall_v be_v mingle_v pell_o mell_o among_o the_o horseman_n horseman_n without_o hurt_n and_o disadvantage_n to_o themselves_o so_o unlikely_a it_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o succour_v the_o horseman_n in_o any_o danger_n or_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v imagine_v that_o these_o footman_n in_o the_o encounter_n cast_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n and_o so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n assist_v the_o horseman_n but_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o place_n and_o of_o other_o which_o i_o will_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n plain_o evince_v that_o these_o footman_n be_v mingle_v indifferent_o among_o the_o horseman_n to_o assist_v every_o particular_a man_n as_o his_o fortune_n and_o occasion_n require_v and_o therefore_o the_o choice_n of_o these_o footman_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o horseman_n in_o who_o service_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v his_o friend_n in_o who_o he_o repose_v great_a confidence_n when_o they_o be_v overcharge_v these_o step_v in_o to_o help_v they_o if_o any_o man_n be_v wound_v or_o unhorse_v he_o have_v his_o footman_n ready_a to_o assist_v he_o and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o any_o speedy_a service_n or_o sudden_o to_o retire_v upon_o advantage_n they_o stay_v themselves_o upon_o the_o main_a of_o the_o horse_n with_o one_o hand_n and_o so_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horseman_n can_v go_v which_o service_n they_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v perform_v without_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n if_o the_o footman_n have_v not_o several_o attend_v upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o affection_n specify_v in_o their_o particular_a election_n the_o principal_a use_n of_o these_o footman_n of_o the_o german_n consist_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o their_o own_o horseman_n upon_o any_o necessity_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v their_o service_n upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horseman_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v long_a before_o practise_v the_o same_o art_n to_o a_o more_o effectual_a purpose_n namely_o as_o a_o principal_a remedy_n not_o only_o to_o resist_v but_o to_o defeat_v far_o great_a troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o enemy_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v against_o they_o whereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a memory_n which_o history_n mention_v be_v record_v by_o livy_n in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n under_o the_o regiment_n of_o quintus_n fuluius_n the_o consul_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o all_o their_o conflict_n as_o the_o roman_a legion_n return_v with_o the_o better_a so_o their_o cavalry_n be_v always_o put_v to_o the_o worst_a &_o therefore_o they_o invent_v this_o mean_n to_o make_v that_o good_a by_o art_n which_o be_v want_v in_o force_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v take_v the_o choice_a young_a man_n both_o for_o strength_n &_o agility_n and_o to_o they_o be_v give_v little_a round_a buckler_n and_o seven_o dart_n apiece_o in_o steed_n of_o their_o other_o weapon_n these_o soldier_n practise_v to_o ride_v behind_o the_o horseman_n and_o speedy_o to_o light_v from_o the_o horse_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v &_o so_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n on_o foot_n and_o when_o by_o exercise_n they_o be_v make_v so_o expert_a that_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o invention_n no_o whit_n affright_v they_o the_o roman_a horseman_n go_v forth_o to_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n every_o man_n carry_v his_o foot_n soldior_fw-la behind_o he_o who_o at_o the_o encounter_n sudden_o alightning_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o a_o fury_n that_o they_o follow_v they_o in_o slaughter_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o capua_n and_o hence_o say_v livy_n grow_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o velite_n which_o ever_o after_o that_o time_n be_v enrol_v with_o the_o legion_n the_o author_n of_o this_o strategem_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o q._n navius_n a_o centurion_n &_o be_v honourable_o reward_v by_o fuluius_n the_o consul_n for_o the_o same_o sallust_n in_o the_o history_n of_o jugurth_n say_v that_o marius_n mingle_v the_o velite_n with_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o associate_n ut_fw-la quacunque_fw-la invaderent_fw-la equitatus_fw-la hostium_fw-la propulsarent_fw-la the_o like_a practice_n be_v use_v by_o caesar_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o third_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n save_v that_o instead_o of_o the_o velite_n he_o mingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n 400._o of_o the_o lusty_a of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o pompey_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n genusum_n after_o the_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dirrachium_n qui_fw-la tantum_fw-la profecere_fw-la say_v the_o text_n ut_fw-la equestri_fw-la praelio_fw-la commisso_fw-la pellerent_fw-la omnes_fw-la complures_fw-la interficerent_fw-la ipsique_fw-la incolumes_fw-la ad_fw-la agmen_fw-la se_fw-la reciperent_fw-la many_o other_o place_n may_v be_v recite_v but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o ancient_a time_n strengthen_v their_o cavalry_n with_o footman_n disperse_v among_o they_o 6._o the_o roman_a horseman_n say_v polybius_n at_o the_o first_o carry_v but_o a_o weak_a limber_a pole_n or_o staff_n and_o a_o little_a round_a buckler_n excid_n but_o afterward_o they_o use_v the_o furniture_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o josephus_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a lance_n or_o staff_n and_o three_o or_o four_o dart_n in_o a_o quiver_n with_o a_o buckler_n and_o a_o long_a sword_n by_o their_o right_a side_n the_o use_n of_o their_o lance_n be_v most_o effectual_a when_o they_o charge_v in_o troop_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n and_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n afford_v no_o mean_n to_o intermingle_v footman_n but_o when_o they_o use_v their_o dart_n every_o man_n get_v what_o advantage_n of_o ground_n he_o can_v as_o our_o carbins_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v and_o so_o the_o footman_n may_v have_v place_n among_o they_o or_o otherwise_o for_o so_o good_a a_o advantage_n they_o will_v easy_o make_v place_n for_o the_o footman_n to_o serve_v among_o they_o but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n how_o little_a the_o roman_n fear_v troop_n of_o horse_n consider_v that_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o defeat_v their_o horse_n be_v by_o their_o foot_n company_n but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a of_o many_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v two_o the_o one_o out_o of_o livy_n 3._o to_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v not_o comparable_a for_o service_n to_o footman_n africano_n the_o other_o out_o of_o hirtius_n to_o show_v the_o same_o effect_n against_o stranger_n and_o numidian_a horseman_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o l._n valerius_n and_o marcus_n horatius_n valerius_n have_v fortunatelie_o overthrow_v the_o equi_fw-la and_o the_o volsci_n horatius_n proceed_v with_o as_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o sabine_n wherein_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o sabine_n reserve_v 2000_o of_o their_o man_n to_o give_v a_o fresh_a assault_n upon_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o be_v in_o conflict_n which_o take_v such_o effect_n that_o the_o legionarie_a footman_n of_o that_o cornet_n be_v force_v to_o retreit_v which_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v in_o number_n 600._o perceive_v and_o not_o be_v able_a with_o their_o horse_n to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o make_v haste_n to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n on_o foot_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n they_o give_v the_o like_a advantage_n to_o their_o footman_n against_o the_o sabine_n and_o they_o betake_v themselves_o again_o to_o their_o horse_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o chase_n as_o they_o flee_v for_o the_o second_o point_n the_o numidian_n as_o caesar_n witness_v be_v the_o best_a horseman_n that_o ever_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o use_v the_o same_o art_n as_o the_o german_n do_v mingle_v among_o they_o light_a arm_a footman_n a_o
two_o cornet_n with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o soldier_n and_o place_v his_o weak_a in_o the_o midst_n that_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o retreit_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v may_v be_v enclose_v on_o each_o side_n with_o the_o two_o cornet_n chap._n xx._n the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o sign_n of_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o give_v but_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n so_o fierce_o caesar_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o give_v themselves_o the_o lie_n for_o seem_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o once_o conceive_v any_o fear_n of_o the_o german_n and_o the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n return_v so_o speedy_a a_o counterbuff_n that_o the_o legion_n have_v no_o time_n to_o cast_v their_o pile_n and_o therefore_o they_o speedy_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n but_o the_o german_n put_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o manner_n into_o a_o phalanx_n receive_v the_o force_n of_o their_o sword_n without_o any_o danger_n or_o loss_n at_o all_o in_o the_o battle_n there_o be_v many_o legionarie_a soldier_n that_o be_v see_v to_o keep_v upon_o the_o phalanx_n &_o to_o pull_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o target_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o so_o to_o wound_v &_o kill_v those_o that_o be_v underneath_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n they_o break_v &_o disperse_v it_o and_o so_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v &_o put_v to_o flight_n now_o while_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v thus_o busy_v the_o left_a cornet_n be_v overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n of_o the_o german_n which_o young_a crassus_n the_o perfect_a of_o the_o horseman_n no_o soon_o perceive_v have_v more_o scope_n and_o liberty_n than_o any_o of_o the_o commander_n that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n he_o send_v tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la the_o three_o battle_n to_o rescue_v and_o aid_v their_o fellow_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o all_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v where_o some_o few_o of_o they_o save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v other_o find_v a_o few_o boat_n and_o so_o escape_v ariovistus_fw-la light_v upon_o a_o little_a bark_n tie_v to_o the_o shore_n with_o much_o a_o do_v recover_v the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o so_o save_v himself_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o slay_v by_o the_o horseman_n as_o caesar_n pursue_v the_o german_a horseman_n it_o be_v his_o chance_n to_o light_v upon_o valerius_n procillus_n as_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o down_o by_o his_o keeper_n bind_v with_o three_o chain_n which_o accident_n be_v as_o grateful_a to_o he_o as_o the_o victory_n itself_o be_v so_o fortunate_a to_o recover_v his_o familiar_a friend_n who_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v cast_v into_o prison_n &_o in_o his_o own_o presence_n have_v three_o several_a time_n cast_v lot_n upon_o his_o life_n whether_o he_o shall_v be_v then_o burn_v or_o reprive_v unto_o another_o time_n and_o still_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o lot_n and_o marcus_n titius_n be_v find_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o bring_v unto_o he_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v carry_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o suevi_fw-la that_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o rhine_n return_v home_o again_o who_o the_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a river_n pursue_v and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o caesar_n have_v thus_o end_v two_o great_a war_n in_o one_o summer_n he_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o their_o winter_v camp_n somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n require_v the_o first_o observation_n this_o phalanx_n here_o mention_v can_v hardly_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o right_a macedonian_a phalanx_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o term_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o close_a and_o compact_a imbattail_v rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n and_o it_o resemble_v much_o a_o testudo_fw-la as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o helvetian_a phalanx_n second_o i_o observe_v that_o caesar_n keep_v the_o old_a rule_n concern_v their_o discipline_n in_o fight_n for_o although_o the_o name_n of_o triaries_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o his_o history_n yet_o he_o omit_v not_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v to_o have_v primam_fw-la secundam_fw-la &_o tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la and_o that_o prima_fw-la acies_fw-la shall_v begin_v the_o battle_n and_o the_o second_o shall_v come_v fresh_a and_o assist_v they_o or_o peradventure_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v many_o and_o strong_a the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v join_v together_o and_o so_o charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o great_a fury_n and_o violence_n but_o at_o all_o adventure_n the_o three_o battle_n be_v ever_o in_o subsidio_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o succour_v any_o part_n that_o shall_v be_v overcharge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o much_o consequence_n and_o of_o great_a wisdom_n for_o if_o we_o either_o respect_v the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o soldier_n or_o the_o casualty_n of_o fortune_n what_o can_v be_v more_o add_v to_o their_o discipline_n in_o this_o behalf_n then_o to_o have_v a_o second_o &_o a_o three_o succour_n to_o give_v strength_n to_o the_o faint_a weakness_n of_o their_o man_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o disadvantage_n which_o any_o accident_n shall_v cast_v upon_o they_o or_o if_o their_o valour_n be_v equal_o balance_v and_o victory_n stand_v doubtful_a which_o of_o the_o two_o party_n she_o shall_v honour_v these_o always_o step_v in_o be_v fresh_a against_o weary_a and_o over_o labour_v spirit_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n in_o despite_n of_o casualty_n unto_o themselves_o the_o second_o observation_n concern_v use_n of_o lot_n lot_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n so_o general_a that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n civil_a or_o barbarous_a but_o be_v direct_v in_o their_o great_a affair_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o lot_n as_o we_o may_v not_o refuse_v for_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o which_o solomon_n say_v the_o 16_o of_o proverb_n the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o direction_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n through_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o josua_n be_v direct_v to_o take_v achan_n the_o mariner_n jonas_n and_o the_o apostle_n to_o consecrate_v mathias_n so_o whether_o the_o heathen_a and_o barbarous_a people_n who_o blindness_n in_o the_o way_n of_o truth_n can_v direct_v they_o no_o further_o then_o to_o senseless_a superstition_n and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v but_o can_v not_o tell_v they_o what_o it_o be_v nor_o how_o to_o be_v perform_v whether_o these_o i_o say_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o supernatural_a power_n in_o their_o lottery_n which_o direct_v the_o action_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o destiny_n and_o as_o the_o god_n will_v have_v it_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a aristotle_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a concern_v thing_n natural_a name_v that_o event_n casual_a or_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n of_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o man_n can_v assign_v no_o cause_n or_o as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v no_o cause_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o happen_v in_o any_o action_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o workman_n be_v term_v a_o effect_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n of_o habnab_n for_o all_o other_o effect_n which_o depend_v upon_o a_o certain_a and_o definite_a cause_n be_v necessary_o produce_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v casual_a or_o subject_a to_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o chance_n and_o because_o many_o and_o sundry_a such_o chance_n daily_o happen_v which_o like_o terrae_fw-la filii_fw-la have_v no_o father_n and_o can_v not_o be_v warrant_v as_o lawful_a child_n either_o to_o nature_n or_o to_o reason_n by_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n they_o reduce_v they_o all_o to_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n as_o the_o principal_a efficient_a and_o sovereign_a motor_n of_o all_o such_o unexpected_a event_n that_o be_v they_o make_v nothing_o else_o the_o governess_n and_o directress_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o afterward_o grow_v to_o such_o credit_n among_o man_n that_o it_o surpass_v in_o dignity_n all_o natural_a cause_n and_o be_v deify_v with_o celestial_a honour_n as_o the_o poet_n say_v nos_fw-la te_fw-la facimus_fw-la fortuna_fw-la deam_fw-la caeloque_fw-la locamus_fw-la by_o the_o providence_n of_o this_o blind_a goddess_n which_o hold_v her_o deity_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o man_n ignorance_n be_v all_o casual_a action_n direct_v and_o especial_o lot_n the_o event_n whereof_o depend_v only_o upon_o her_o pleasure_n and_o decree_n neither_o can_v
reduce_v they_o into_o small_a company_n to_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o command_v and_o fight_v and_o so_o they_o divide_v the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n each_o of_o they_o into_o 10_o company_n make_v of_o those_o 3._o sort_n of_o soldier_n 30._o small_a regiment_n which_o they_o call_v manipuli_fw-la and_o again_o they_o subdivide_v every_o maniple_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n ordo_fw-la and_o call_v they_o ordo_fw-la which_o be_v the_o least_o company_n in_o a_o legion_n and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n set_v down_o by_o polybius_n contain_v 60._o soldier_n in_o every_o ordo_fw-la there_o be_v a_o centurion_n or_o captain_n and_o a_o lieutenant_n who_o they_o name_v optio_fw-la or_o tergiductor_n the_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n be_v much_o lesser_a than_o the_o maniple_n of_o either_o the_o hastati_fw-la or_o the_o principes_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o their_o whole_a band_n consist_v but_o of_o 600._o man_n the_o velite_n be_v put_v into_o no_o such_o company_n but_o be_v equal_o distribute_v among_o the_o other_o maniple_n and_o therefore_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarij_fw-la be_v call_v subsignanos_fw-la milites_fw-la to_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o the_o velite_n which_o be_v not_o divide_v into_o band_n and_o so_o consequent_o have_v no_o ensign_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v distribute_v among_o the_o other_o company_n so_o that_o every_o maniple_n have_v 40._o velite_n attend_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o a_o cohort_n which_o the_o history_n here_o mention_v the_o word_n cohors_fw-la in_o latin_a do_v signify_v that_o part_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v common_o enclose_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o house_n rust_n which_o from_o the_o same_o word_n we_o call_v a_o court_n and_o varro_n give_v this_o reason_n of_o the_o metaphor_n as_o in_o a_o farm_n house_n say_v he_o many_o out-building_n join_v together_o make_v one_o enclosure_n so_o a_o 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the_o title_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n for_o these_o 10._o cohorte_n whereof_o a_o legion_n consist_v be_v distinguish_v by_o degree_n of_o worthiness_n and_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v the_o worthy_a in_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o elector_n take_v the_o priority_n both_o of_o place_n and_o name_n and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o cohort_n the_o next_o the_o second_o cohort_n &_o so_o consequent_o unto_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o neither_o do_v the_o legion_n want_v their_o degree_n of_o pre-eminence_n both_o in_o imbattail_v &_o in_o encamp_v according_a either_o to_o the_o seniority_n of_o their_o enrolment_n or_o their_o favour_n of_o their_o general_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o these_o war_n in_o gallia_n the_o ten_o legion_n have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o caesar_n army_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o division_n and_o several_a company_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o the_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o the_o same_o upon_o this_o description_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o brief_o to_o lay_v open_a the_o most_o apparent_a commodity_n depend_v upon_o this_o discipline_n discipline_n the_o excellency_n whereof_o more_o plain_o appear_v bein_z compare_v to_o that_o order_n which_o nature_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o frame_n of_o her_o worthy_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o such_o work_n of_o nature_n come_v near_a to_o perfect_a excellency_n who_o material_a substance_n be_v most_o particular_o distinguish_v into_o part_n and_o have_v every_o part_n endue_v with_o that_o property_n which_o best_o agree_v to_o his_o peculiar_a service_n for_o be_v thus_o furnish_v with_o diversity_n of_o instrument_n and_o these_o direct_v with_o fit_a ability_n the_o creature_n must_v needs_o express_v many_o admirable_a effect_n and_o discover_v the_o worth_a of_o a_o excellent_a nature_n whereas_o those_o other_o body_n that_o be_v but_o slender_o labour_v and_o find_v less_o favour_n in_o nature_n forge_n be_v as_o abortive_n or_o barbarous_o compose_v want_v the_o diversity_n both_o of_o part_n and_o faculty_n be_v no_o way_n capable_a of_o such_o excellent_a use_n nor_o fit_a for_o such_o distinct_a service_n as_o the_o former_a that_o be_v direct_v with_o so_o many_o property_n and_o enable_v with_o the_o power_n of_o so_o well_o distinguish_v faculty_n which_o better_o work_v of_o nature_n the_o roman_n imitate_v in_o the_o architecture_n of_o their_o army_n divide_v it_o into_o such_o necessary_a &_o serviceable_a part_n as_o be_v best_a fit_v all_o use_n and_o employment_n as_o first_o into_o legion_n and_o legion_n into_o cohort_n and_o cohort_n into_o maniple_n and_o maniple_n into_o century_n or_o order_n and_o these_o into_o file_n wherein_o every_o man_n know_v his_o place_n and_o keep_v the_o same_o without_o exchange_n or_o confusion_n and_o thus_o the_o universal_a multitude_n be_v by_o order_n dispose_v into_o part_n until_o it_o come_v unto_o a_o unity_n for_o
the_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v unmeete_a for_o the_o field_n they_o bestow_v in_o a_o place_n unaccessible_a for_o any_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n and_o marsh_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n caesar_n send_v his_o discoverer_n and_o centurion_n before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o encamp_v in_o now_o whereas_o many_o of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n and_o other_o gall_n be_v continual_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n certain_a of_o these_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o the_o captive_n observe_v the_o order_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o march_v come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o tell_v they_o that_o between_o every_o legion_n go_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o carriage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n assoon_o as_o the_o first_o legion_n be_v come_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o legion_n yet_o a_o great_a way_n off_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o upon_o a_o sudden_a before_o they_o be_v disburden_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v they_o which_o legion_n be_v thus_o cut_v off_o and_o their_o stuff_n take_v the_o rest_n will_v have_v small_a courage_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o it_o much_o further_v this_o advice_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o neruij_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o power_n of_o horse_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o borderer_n whensoever_o they_o make_v any_o road_n into_o their_o march_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o cut_v young_a tree_n half_o asunder_o &_o bow_v the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n plash_v the_o bough_n in_o breadth_n and_o with_o thorn_n and_o brier_n plant_v between_o they_o they_o make_v they_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v through_o they_o so_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o enter_v or_o pass_v through_o they_o so_o that_o when_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n must_v needs_o be_v hinder_v the_o neruij_fw-la think_v the_o foresay_a counsel_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v caesar_n march_n where_o in_o every_o legion_n have_v his_o cariadge_n in_o front_n caesar_n march_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a at_o hand_n the_o place_n which_o the_o roman_n choose_v to_o encamp_v in_o be_v a_o hill_n of_o like_a level_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n sabis_n and_o with_o the_o like_a level_n on_o the_o other_o side_n rose_z a_o other_o hill_n direct_o against_o this_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o 200._o pace_n the_o bottom_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o open_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n so_o thick_a with_o wood_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v look_v into_o within_o these_o wood_n the_o neruian_o keep_v themselves_o close_o and_o in_o the_o open_a ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v only_o see_v a_o few_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o river_n in_o that_o place_n be_v about_o 3._o foot_n deep_a caesar_n send_v his_o horseman_n before_o follow_v after_o with_o all_o his_o power_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o march_n differ_v from_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o neruii_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n caesar_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v lead_v 6._o legion_n always_o in_o areadines_n without_o burden_n or_o carriage_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o their_o arm_n after_o they_o he_o place_v the_o impediment_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v last_o enrol_v be_v a_o rearward_n to_o the_o army_n and_o guard_v the_o stuff_n observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n have_v fortunatelie_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n march_n march_n as_o well_o in_o safe_a passage_n as_o in_o dangerous_a and_o suspect_a place_n which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o martial_a discipline_n be_v subject_a to_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o great_a art_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o manage_v a_o war_n concern_v the_o discreet_a carriage_n of_o a_o march_n conveniency_n by_o this_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o caesar_n principal_o respect_a safety_n and_o second_o conveniency_n if_o the_o place_n afford_v a_o secure_a passage_n and_o give_v no_o suspicion_n of_o hostility_n he_o be_v content_a in_o regard_n of_o conveniency_n to_o suffer_v every_o legion_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o their_o particular_a carriage_n and_o to_o insert_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v at_o hand_n such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a either_o for_o their_o private_a use_n or_o public_a discipline_n but_o if_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o sudden_a attempt_n or_o stand_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v impeach_v by_o a_o enemy_n he_o then_o omit_v convenient_a disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o particular_a use_n as_o disaduantageous_a to_o their_o safety_n &_o carry_v his_o legion_n in_o that_o readiness_n that_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v without_o any_o alteration_n of_o their_o march_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o their_o carriage_n receive_v the_o charge_n in_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o be_v best_a approve_v by_o their_o military_a rule_n &_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o their_o fortunate_a progenitor_n the_o old_a roman_n observe_v likewise_o the_o same_o respect_n for_o in_o unsafe_a &_o suspect_a place_n quadratum_fw-la they_o carry_v their_o troop_n agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la which_o as_o livy_n seem_v to_o note_v be_v free_a from_o all_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n which_o may_v hinder_v they_o in_o any_o sudden_a alarm_n neither_o do_v that_o of_o gall._n hirtius_n any_o way_n contradict_v this_o interpretation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o caesar_n so_o dispose_v his_o troop_n against_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la that_o 3._o legion_n march_v in_o front_n &_o after_o they_o come_v all_o the_o carriage_n to_o which_o the_o 10._o legion_n serve_v as_o a_o rearward_n &_o so_o they_o march_v pene_fw-la agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la epistle_n seneca_n in_o like_a manner_n note_v the_o safety_n of_o agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v expect_v we_o ought_v to_o march_v agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la ready_a to_o fight_v the_o most_o material_a consequence_n of_o these_o place_n allege_v be_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o suspect_v any_o onset_n or_o charge_n their_o order_n in_o a_o march_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v from_o their_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o imbattail_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champion_n and_o give_v space_n &_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o a_o other_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattail_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n &_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n agmenlongun_v they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o &_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o &_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o a_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodius_fw-la than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n gallico_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o
ancient_a time_n war_n yet_o in_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n they_o can_v have_v a_o more_o perfect_a direction_n then_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n observe_v as_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n safety_n and_o conveniency_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v chief_o upon_o the_o provident_a disposition_n of_o the_o leader_n and_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o follow_v on_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o every_o particular_a shall_v give_v occasion_n concern_v safety_n in_o place_n of_o danger_n what_o better_a course_n can_v be_v take_v then_o that_o manner_n of_o imbattail_v which_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v present_a to_o confront_v they_o for_o a_o well_o order_v march_n must_v either_o carry_v the_o perfect_a form_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o contain_v the_o distinct_a principle_n and_o element_n thereof_o that_o with_o little_a alteration_n it_o may_v receive_v that_o perfection_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o fit_a disposition_n can_v afford_v it_o first_o therefore_o a_o prudent_a and_o circumspect_a leader_n that_o desire_v to_o frame_v a_o strong_a and_o orderly_o march_v be_v diligent_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o each_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o may_v be_v place_v for_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a and_o concur_v quality_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v manage_v and_o this_o knowledge_n will_v consequent_o infer_v the_o best_a and_o exact_a disposition_n of_o imbattail_v as_o the_o say_a force_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o this_o exactness_n of_o imbattail_v will_v not_o admit_v convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o necessary_a adjunct_n as_o pertain_v to_o a_o army_n the_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v with_o as_o little_a alteration_n from_o that_o rule_n as_o in_o a_o wary_a judgement_n shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a that_o albeit_o the_o form_n be_v somewhat_o change_v yet_o the_o principle_n and_o ground_n wherein_o their_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v may_v still_o be_v retain_v neither_o can_v any_o man_n well_o descend_v to_o more_o particular_a precept_n in_o this_o point_n he_o may_v exemplify_v the_o practice_n of_o many_o great_a and_o experience_a commander_n what_o sort_n of_o weapon_n march_v in_o front_n and_o what_o in_o the_o rearward_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o munition_n march_v and_o where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o carriage_n be_v bestow_v according_a as_o their_o several_a judgment_n think_v most_o expedient_a in_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o their_o occurrence_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o all_o will_v fall_v out_o thus_o that_o he_o that_o observe_v this_o rule_n before_o prescribe_v do_v seldom_o miscarry_v through_o a_o unsafe_a march_n let_v a_o good_a martialist_n well_o know_v their_o proper_a use_n in_o that_o diversity_n of_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a or_o disaduantageous_a in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n against_o such_o or_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o he_o will_v speedy_o order_v his_o battle_n dispose_v of_o his_o march_n and_o bestow_v his_o carriage_n as_o shall_v best_o fall_v out_o both_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o conveniency_n caesar_n custom_n be_v to_o send_v his_o cavalry_n and_o light_n arm_v footman_n before_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n both_o to_o discover_v and_o impeach_v a_o enemy_n for_o these_o troop_n be_v nimble_a in_o motion_n and_o fit_a for_o such_o service_n but_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a in_o the_o rearward_n then_o in_o the_o front_n the_o horseman_n march_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v security_n where_o there_o be_v most_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v find_v unfit_a to_o make_v good_a the_o service_n in_o that_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o and_o especial_o in_o africa_n against_o the_o numidian_n he_o than_o remove_v they_o as_o he_o best_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o bring_v his_o legionarie_a soldier_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o force_n and_o march_v continual_o in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o army_n to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o his_o horseman_n can_v not_o perform_v and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o antique_a prescription_n and_o uniformity_n of_o custom_n according_a as_o he_o find_v himself_o best_a able_a to_o disadvantage_n a_o enemy_n or_o make_v way_n to_o victory_n chap._n ix_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o neruij_fw-la caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v his_o force_n to_o battle_n the_o roman_a horseman_n caesar_n with_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n and_o encounter_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o first_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o company_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o from_o thence_o sally_v out_o again_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o than_o the_o plain_a and_o open_a ground_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o six_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v their_o work_n measure_v out_o unto_o they_o begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o assoon_o as_o the_o neruij_fw-la perceive_v their_o former_a carriage_n to_o be_v come_v in_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o time_n appoint_v among_o they_o to_o give_v the_o charge_n as_o they_o stand_v imbattail_v within_o the_o thicket_n so_o they_o rush_v out_o with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v easy_o beat_v back_o the_o neruij_fw-la run_v down_o to_o the_o river_n with_o such_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n that_o they_o seem_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n to_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o the_o river_n and_o charge_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o run_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o roman_a camp_n where_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_v in_o their_o entrenchment_n caesar_n have_v all_o part_n to_o play_v at_o one_o instant_a the_o flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o by_o which_o they_o give_v the_o soldier_n warning_n to_o take_v arm_n the_o battle_n to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n the_o soldier_n to_o be_v recall_v from_o their_o work_n and_o such_o as_o be_v go_v far_o off_o to_o get_v turf_n and_o matter_n for_o the_o rampire_n to_o be_v send_v for_o the_o battle_n to_o be_v order_v his_o man_n to_o be_v encourage_v and_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n to_o be_v give_v the_o most_o of_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o the_o sudden_a assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o first_o observation_n as_o the_o roman_n excel_v all_o other_o nation_n in_o many_o good_a custom_n it_o so_o especial_o in_o their_o campe-discipline_n they_o strive_v to_o be_v singular_a for_o it_o seem_v rather_o a_o academy_n or_o a_o city_n of_o civil_a government_n than_o a_o camp_n of_o soldier_n so_o careful_a be_v they_o both_o for_o the_o safety_n and_o skilful_a experience_n of_o their_o man_n at_o arm_n for_o touch_v the_o first_o they_o never_o suffer_v their_o soldier_n to_o lodge_v one_o night_n without_o a_o camp_n wherein_o they_o be_v enclose_v with_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n as_o in_o a_o wall_a town_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o new_a invention_n or_o late_o find_v out_o custom_n in_o their_o state_n but_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o king_n their_o manner_n of_o encamp_v be_v include_v within_o these_o circumstance_n the_o centurion_n place_n that_o go_v before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o convenient_a place_n have_v find_v a_o fit_a situation_n for_o their_o camp_n first_o assign_v the_o stand_n for_o the_o emperor_n pavilion_n which_o be_v common_o in_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n of_o the_o camp_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v easy_o overview_v all_o the_o other_o part_n or_o any_o alarm_n or_o signum_fw-la pugnae_fw-la may_v from_o thence_o be_v discover_v to_o all_o quarter_n this_o pavilion_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o praetorium_n praetorium_n for_o as_o much_o as_o among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o general_n of_o their_o army_n be_v call_v praetor_n in_o this_o place_n where_o the_o praetorium_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v they_o stick_v up_o a_o white_a ensign_n and_o from_o it_o they_o measure_v every_o way_n 100_o foot_n and_o so_o they_o make_v a_o square_n contain_v 200_o foot_n in_o every_o side_n the_o area_n or_o content_v whereof_o be_v almost_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o form_n of_o the_o praetorium_n be_v round_o and_o high_a be_v as_o eminent_a among_o the_o other_o tent_n as_o a_o temple_n be_v among_o the_o private_a building_n of_o a_o city_n and_o therefore_o
josephus_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o church_n in_o this_o praetorium_n be_v their_o tribunal_n or_o chair_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o the_o place_n of_o divination_n which_o they_o call_v augurale_fw-la with_o other_o appendix_n of_o majesty_n and_o authority_n between_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o first_o maniple_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o the_o praetorium_n there_o go_v a_o way_n of_o 100_o foot_n in_o breadth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a camp_n which_o be_v call_v principia_fw-la principia_fw-la in_o this_o place_n the_o tribune_n sit_v to_o hear_v matter_n of_o justice_n the_o soldier_n exercise_v themselves_o at_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o leader_n and_o chief_a commander_n frequent_v it_o as_o a_o public_a place_n of_o meeting_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o reverend_a and_o sacred_a place_n and_o so_o keep_v with_o a_o correspondent_a decency_n on_o either_o side_n the_o emperor_n pavilion_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n to_o make_v even_o &_o straight_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o principia_fw-la tribune_n the_o tribune_n have_v their_o tent_n pitch_v every_o tribune_n confront_v the_o head_n of_o the_o legion_n whereof_o he_o be_v tribune_n above_o they_o towards_o the_o head_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v the_o legate_n and_o treasurer_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v strengthen_v with_o some_o select_a cohort_n and_o troop_n of_o horse_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o army_n polybius_n describe_v the_o manner_n of_o encamp_v which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o his_o time_n when_o as_o they_o have_v common_o but_o two_o legion_n in_o their_o army_n with_o as_o many_o associate_n place_v the_o ablecti_fw-la and_o extraordinarij_fw-la which_o be_v select_a band_n and_o company_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o associate_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n that_o compass_v the_o whole_a camp_n about_o be_v 200_o foot_n distant_a from_o any_o tent_n rampire_n where_o of_o polybius_n give_v these_o reason_n first_o that_o the_o soldier_n march_v into_o the_o camp_n in_o battle_n array_n may_v there_o dissolve_v themselves_o into_o maniple_n century_n and_o decury_n without_o tumult_n or_o confusion_n for_o order_n be_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o principal_o respect_v as_o the_o life_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o martial_a body_n and_o again_o if_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o sally_v out_o upon_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v very_o convenient_o in_o that_o spacious_a room_n put_v themselves_o into_o company_n and_o troop_n and_o if_o they_o be_v assault_v in_o the_o night_n the_o dart_n and_o fire_n work_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v cast_v into_o their_o camp_n will_v little_o endamage_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o tent_n their_o tent_n be_v all_o of_o skin_n and_o hide_n hold_v up_o with_o prop_n and_o fasten_v with_o rope_n there_o be_v 11_o soldier_n as_o vegetius_n say_v in_o every_o tent_n and_o that_o society_n be_v call_v contubernium_fw-la contubernium_fw-la of_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v name_v decanus_n or_o caput_fw-la contubernij_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n be_v make_v by_o the_o legion_n rampire_n every_o maniple_n have_v his_o part_n measure_v out_o and_o every_o centurion_n overseeing_a his_o centurie_n the_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n belong_v to_o the_o tribune_n their_o manner_n of_o entrench_v be_v this_o the_o soldier_n be_v gird_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o dagger_n dig_v the_o ditch_n about_o the_o camp_n which_o be_v always_o 8_o foot_n in_o breadth_n at_o the_o least_o and_o as_o much_o in_o depth_n cast_v the_o earth_n thereof_o inward_a but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o far_o off_o the_o ditch_n be_v always_o 11._o or_o 15._o or_o 18._o foot_n in_o latitude_n &_o altitude_n according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o general_n but_o what_o scantling_n soveer_v be_v keep_v the_o ditch_n be_v make_v directis_fw-la lateribus_fw-la that_o be_v as_o broad_a in_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n the_o rampire_n from_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v three_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o sometime_o four_o make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o wall_n with_o green_a turf_n cut_v all_o to_o one_o measure_n half_o a_o foot_n in_o thickness_n a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o if_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v encamp_v will_v afford_v no_o such_o turf_n they_o then_o strengthen_v the_o loose_a earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n with_o bough_n and_o faggot_n that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_a and_o well_o fasten_v the_o rampire_n they_o proper_o call_v agger_fw-la agger_fw-la the_o outside_n whereof_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o ditch_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v with_o thick_a and_o sharp_a stake_n fasten_v deep_a in_o the_o mound_n that_o they_o may_v be_v firm_a and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v fork_a stake_n which_o make_v the_o rampire_n very_o strong_a and_o not_o to_o be_v assault_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n varro_n say_v vallum_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o rampire_n thus_o stick_v with_o stake_n be_v call_v vallum_fw-la a_o varicando_fw-la for_o that_o no_o man_n can_v stride_v or_o get_v over_o it_o the_o camp_n have_v four_o gate_n porta_fw-la the_o first_o be_v call_v praetoria_fw-la porta_fw-la which_o be_v always_o behind_o the_o emperor_n tent_n and_o this_o gate_n do_v usual_o look_v either_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o that_o way_n that_o the_o army_n be_v to_o march_v the_o gate_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o camp_n opposite_a to_o this_o decumana_fw-la be_v call_v porta_n decumana_fw-la a_o decimis_fw-la cohortibus_fw-la for_o the_o ten_o or_o last_o cohort_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v lodge_v to_o confront_v this_o gate_n by_o this_o gate_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o fetch_v their_o wood_n their_o water_n and_o their_o forage_n and_o this_o way_n their_o offender_n be_v carry_v to_o execution_n dextra_fw-la the_o other_o two_o gate_n be_v call_v portae_n principales_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o they_o stand_v opposite_a to_o either_o end_n of_o that_o so_o much_o respect_v place_n which_o they_o call_v principia_fw-la only_o distinguish_v by_o these_o title_n laeva_fw-la principalis_fw-la and_o dextra_fw-la all_o these_o gate_n be_v shut_v with_o door_n and_o in_o stand_v camp_n fortify_v with_o turret_n upon_o which_o be_v plant_v engine_n of_o defence_n as_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n tolenones_n and_o such_o like_a porta_n proetoria_n the_o roman_a camp_n the_o use_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a encamp_a i_o brief_o touch_v in_o my_o first_o book_n but_o if_o i_o be_v worthy_a any_o way_n to_o commend_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o to_o our_o modern_a soldier_n or_o able_a by_o persuasion_n to_o restablish_v the_o use_n of_o encamp_v in_o our_o war_n i_o will_v spare_v no_o pain_n to_o achieve_v so_o great_a a_o good_a and_o vaunt_v more_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o negligence_n then_o if_o my_o sense_n have_v compass_v a_o new_a find_v out_o mean_n and_o yet_o reason_n will_v deem_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a difficulty_n to_o gain_v a_o point_n of_o such_o worth_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o man_n especial_o when_o my_o discourse_n shall_v present_v security_n to_o our_o force_n and_o honour_n to_o our_o leader_n majesty_n to_o our_o army_n and_o terror_n to_o our_o enemies_n wonderment_n to_o stranger_n and_o victory_n to_o our_o nation_n but_o sloth_n have_v such_o interest_n in_o this_o age_n that_o it_o commend_v vain_a glory_n and_o foolhardiness_n contempt_n of_o virtue_n and_o derision_n of_o good_a discipline_n to_o repugn_v the_o design_n of_o honour_n and_o so_o far_o to_o overmaister_n reason_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o former_a harm_n to_o bear_v witness_n against_o error_n nor_o correct_v the_o ill_a achievement_n of_o ill_a direction_n and_o therefore_o cease_v to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o further_a i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o careful_a respect_n of_o the_o wise_a the_o second_o observation_n the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o sudden_a assault_n so_o disturb_v the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o roman_a discipline_n observe_v battle_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n true_o apprehend_v the_o weight_n and_o importance_n of_o that_o action_n which_o may_v cast_v upon_o their_o state_n either_o sovereignty_n or_o bondage_n that_o they_o be_v all_o for_o the_o most_o part_n omit_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v here_o note_v under_o these_o title_n the_o first_o be_v vexillum_fw-la proponendum_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la insigne_fw-la cum_fw-la ad_fw-la arma_fw-la concurri_fw-la oporteret_fw-la for_o when_o the_o general_n have_v determine_v to_o fight_v he_o cause_v a_o scarlet_a coat_n or_o red_a flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o his_o tent_n that_o by_o it_o
the_o soldier_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o battle_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o warning_n they_o have_v which_o by_o a_o silent_a aspect_n present_v blood_n and_o execution_n to_o their_o eye_n as_o the_o only_o mean_v to_o work_v out_o their_o own_o safety_n and_o purchase_v eternal_a honour_n the_o second_o be_v signum_fw-la tuba_fw-la dandum_fw-la this_o warning_n be_v a_o noise_n of_o many_o trumpet_n which_o they_o term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o classicum_fw-la a_o calando_fw-la which_o signify_v call_v for_o after_o the_o eye_n be_v fill_v with_o species_n suitable_a to_o the_o matter_n intend_v they_o than_o haste_v to_o possess_v the_o ear_n and_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v to_o stir_v up_o warlike_a motion_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o resolute_a thought_n that_o no_o diffident_a or_o base_a conceit_n may_v take_v hold_n of_o their_o mind_n the_o three_o be_v milites_fw-la cohortandi_fw-la for_o it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o confirm_v 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beside_o these_o particularity_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o delivery_n give_v a_o great_a grace_n to_o the_o matter_n and_o that_o be_v distinguish_v by_o time_n and_o cue_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v that_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o one_o instant_a of_o time_n for_o without_o all_o controversy_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n in_o itself_o but_o may_v be_v much_o grace_v with_o ceremony_n and_o compliment_n which_o like_a officer_n or_o attendant_n add_v much_o respect_n and_o majesty_n to_o the_o action_n which_o otherwise_o be_v but_o bare_o present_v appear_v far_o mean_a and_o of_o less_o regard_n chap._n x._o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o neruij_fw-la in_o these_o difficulty_n caesar_n two_o thing_n be_v a_o help_n to_o the_o roman_n the_o one_o be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o soldier_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o practice_n in_o former_a battle_n they_o can_v as_o well_o prescribe_v unto_o themselves_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o any_o other_o commander_n can_v teach_v they_o the_o other_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o caesar_n have_v give_v commandment_n to_o every_o legate_n not_o to_o leave_v the_o work_n or_o forsake_v the_o legion_n until_o the_o fortification_n be_v perfect_v yet_o when_o they_o see_v extremity_n of_o danger_n they_o attend_v no_o countermand_n from_o caesar_n but_o order_v all_o thing_n as_o it_o seem_v best_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n caesar_n have_v command_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v necessary_a run_v hasty_o to_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n and_o by_o fortune_n come_v to_o the_o ten_o legion_n where_o he_o use_v no_o further_a speech_n then_o that_o they_o shall_v remember_v their_o ancient_a valour_n and_o valiant_o withstand_v the_o brunt_n of_o their_o enemy_n word_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v no_o further_o off_o than_o a_o weapon_n may_v be_v cast_v to_o encounter_v they_o he_o give_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o hasten_v from_o thence_o to_o another_o quarter_n he_o find_v they_o already_o close_v and_o at_o the_o encounter_n for_o the_o time_n be_v so_o short_a and_o the_o enemy_n so_o violent_a that_o they_o want_v leisure_n to_o put_v on_o their_o head-piece_n or_o to_o uncase_v their_o target_n and_o what_o part_n they_o light_v into_o from_o their_o work_n or_o what_o ensign_n they_o first_o meet_v withal_o there_o they_o stay_v lest_o in_o seek_v out_o their_o own_o company_n they_o shall_v loose_v that_o time_n as_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o fight_v the_o army_n be_v imbattail_v rather_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n the_o declivitie_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o brevity_n of_o time_n then_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o the_o legion_n encounter_v the_o enemy_n in_o diverse_a place_n at_o once_o the_o perfect_a view_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v hinder_v by_o those_o thick_a hedge_n before_o speak_v of_o there_o can_v no_o succour_n be_v place_v any_o where_o neither_o can_v any_o man_n see_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v &_o therefore_o in_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n of_o thing_n there_o happen_v diverse_a casualty_n of_o fortune_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o legion_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o army_n cast_v their_o pile_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o hill_n do_v drive_v the_o attrebatij_n breathless_a with_o run_v &_o wound_v in_o the_o encounter_n down_o into_o the_o river_n &_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n slay_v many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o sword_n neither_o do_v they_o stick_v to_o follow_v after_o they_o over_o the_o river_n and_o adventure_v into_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v renew_v again_o by_o the_o enemy_n they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v the_o second_o time_n in_o like_a manner_n two_o other_o legion_n the_o 11_o and_o the_o 8_o have_v put_v the_o veromandui_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n fight_v with_o they_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o the_o front_n &_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v well_o near_o leave_v naked_a for_o in_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v the_o 12_o and_o the_o 7_o legion_n where_o as_o all_o the_o neruij_fw-la under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boduognatus_n be_v heap_v together_o and_o some_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o assault_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o open_a side_n and_o other_o some_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o the_o light_a arm_a footman_n that_o be_v intermingle_v among_o they_o and_o be_v at_o first_o all_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o camp_n meet_v with_o their_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n and_o so_o be_v drive_v to_o fly_v out_o another_o way_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o page_n and_o soldier_n boy_n that_o from_o the_o decumane_a port_n and_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n have_v see_v the_o ten_o legion_n follow_v their_o enemy_n in_o pursuit_n over_o the_o river_n and_o be_v go_v out_o to_o gather_v pillage_n when_o they_o look_v behind_o they_o and_o see_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o heel_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v which_o accident_n so_o terrify_v the_o horseman_n of_o the_o treviri_n who_o for_o their_o prowess_n be_v repute_v singular_a among_o the_o gall_n and_o be_v send_v thither_o by_o their_o state_n to_o aid_v the_o roman_n first_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o roman_a camp_n to_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o legion_n to_o be_v overcharge_v and_o almost_o enclose_v about_o the_o horseman_n slinger_n and_o numidian_n to_o be_v disperse_v and_o flee_v that_o without_o any_o further_a expectation_n they_o take_v their_o way_n homeward_o and_o report_v to_o their_o state_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v utter_o overthrow_v caesar_n depart_v from_o the_o ten_o legion_n to_o the_o right_a cornet_n find_v his_o man_n exceed_o overcharge_v the_o ensign_n crowd_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o 12_o legion_n so_o thick_o throng_v on_o a_o heap_n that_o they_o hinder_v one_o another_o all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o four_o cohort_n be_v slay_v the_o ensign_n bearer_n kill_v and_o the_o ensign_n take_v and_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o other_o cohort_n either_o slay_v or_o sore_o wound_v among_o who_o pub._n sextus_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n so_o grievous_o wound_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n the_o rest_n not_o very_o forward_o but_o many_o of_o the_o hindmost_a turn_v tail_n and_o forsake_v the_o field_n the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n give_v no_o respite_n in_o front_n although_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o
hill_n nor_o yet_o spare_v the_o open_a side_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v to_o a_o narrow_a issue_n without_o any_o mean_n or_o succour_n to_o relieve_v they_o he_o take_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o the_o hindmost_a soldier_n for_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v thither_o without_o one_o and_o press_v to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n call_v the_o centurion_n by_o name_n and_o encourage_v the_o rest_n command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o maniple_n to_o be_v enlarge_v that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a facility_n and_o readiness_n use_v their_o sword_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o publius_n sextus_n baculus_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o 12_o legion_n primipile_n be_v the_o first_o centurion_n of_o that_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarij_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o first_o cohort_n in_o that_o legion_n for_o that_o place_n be_v the_o great_a dignity_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o centurion_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o centurio_n primipili_fw-la or_o simple_o primipilus_fw-la and_o sometime_o primopilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n by_o he_o be_v common_o publish_v the_o mandate_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o tribune_n and_o therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centurion_n at_o all_o time_n have_v a_o eye_n unto_o he_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v the_o peculiar_a ensign_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o carry_v in_o his_o maniple_n neither_o be_v this_o dignity_n without_o special_a commodity_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o diverse_a author_n we_o read_v further_o that_o it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n for_o a_o tribune_n after_o his_o tribunality_n be_v expire_v to_o be_v a_o primipile_n in_o a_o legion_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o occasion_n that_o no_o tribune_n shall_v afterward_o be_v primipile_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o office_n and_o title_n of_o p._n s._n baculus_fw-la the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o target_n any_o honour_n i_o may_v describe_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v it_o in_o caesar_n hand_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o much_o honour_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o polybius_n make_v the_o target_n to_o contain_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n overthwart_v the_o convexsurface_n thereof_o and_o the_o length_n four_o foot_n of_o what_o form_n or_o fashion_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o for_o the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o target_n among_o their_o legionarie_n the_o first_o carry_v the_o proportion_n of_o that_o figure_n which_o the_o geometrician_n call_v ouall_n a_o figure_n of_o a_o unequal_a latitude_n broad_a in_o the_o midst_n and_o narrow_a at_o both_o the_o end_n like_v unto_o a_o egg_n describe_v in_o plano_n the_o other_o sort_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a latitude_n and_o resemble_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o guttertile_a and_o thereupon_o be_v call_v scutum_fw-la imbricatum_fw-la the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o target_n be_v make_v be_v a_o double_a board_n one_o fasten_v upon_o another_o with_o lint_n and_o bull_n glue_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o ox_n hide_v or_o some_o other_o stiff_a leather_n the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o target_n be_v bind_v about_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o iron_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cleave_v and_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v a_o boss_n of_o iron_n or_o brass_n which_o they_o call_v vmbo_fw-la romulus_n bring_v they_o in_o first_o among_o the_o roman_n take_v the_o use_n of_o they_o from_o the_o sabine_n 40._o the_o wood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o sallow_a olde_n or_o figtree_n whereof_o pliny_n give_v this_o reason_n for_o as_o much_o as_o these_o tree_n be_v cold_a and_o waterish_a and_o therefore_o any_o blow_n or_o thrust_v that_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o wood_n be_v present_o contract_v and_o shut_v up_o again_o but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o target_n be_v of_o such_o reputation_n among_o the_o roman_a arm_n and_o challenge_v such_o interest_n in_o the_o great_a of_o their_o empire_n let_v we_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o use_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v better_a understand_v then_o by_o that_o conference_n which_o polybius_n have_v make_v between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macedonian_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v it_o good_a to_o insert_v it_o in_o these_o discourse_n and_o thus_o it_o follow_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o macedonian_a weapon_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o six_o book_n that_o i_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o macedonian_n and_o that_o i_o will_v likewise_o write_v of_o the_o disposition_n of_o either_o of_o their_o army_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v one_o from_o another_o &_o in_o what_o regard_n the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v either_o inferior_a or_o superior_a which_o promise_v i_o will_v now_o with_o diligence_n endeavour_n to_o perform_v and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o army_n of_o the_o macedonian_n have_v give_v so_o good_a testimony_n of_o themselves_o by_o their_o action_n by_o overcome_v the_o army_n as_o well_o of_o those_o of_o asia_n as_o of_o greece_n and_o that_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v as_o well_o those_o of_o africa_n as_o all_o the_o eastern_a country_n of_o europe_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o but_o very_o profitable_a to_o search_v out_o the_o difference_n of_o either_o especial_o see_v that_o these_o our_o time_n have_v not_o once_o but_o many_o time_n see_v trial_n both_o of_o their_o battle_n and_o force_n that_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o in_o their_o battle_n carry_v away_o the_o better_a we_o do_v not_o as_o vain_a man_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v attribute_v the_o same_o to_o fortune_n and_o esteem_v they_o without_o reason_n happy_a victor_n but_o rather_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n we_o give_v they_o their_o due_a praise_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n and_o sound_a judgement_n concern_v the_o battle_n between_o hannibal_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o concern_v the_o roman_n their_o loss_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o i_o speak_v much_o for_o their_o loss_n be_v neither_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o defect_n of_o their_o arm_n or_o disposition_n of_o their_o army_n but_o to_o the_o dexterity_n and_o industry_n of_o hannibal_n but_o we_o have_v entreat_v thereof_o when_o we_o make_v mention_v of_o the_o battle_n themselves_o and_o the_o end_n itself_o of_o that_o war_n do_v especial_o confirm_v this_o our_o opinion_n for_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o captain_n equal_a with_o hannibal_n even_o consequent_o with_o all_o his_o victory_n vanish_v and_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o overcome_v the_o roman_n but_o by_o and_o by_o reject_v his_o own_o weapon_n he_o train_v his_o army_n to_o their_o weapon_n and_o so_o take_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o continue_v they_o on_o unto_o the_o end_n and_o pyrrhus_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v both_o their_o weapon_n and_o order_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medley_n both_o of_o the_o cohort_n and_o phalanx_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v he_o not_o to_o get_v the_o victory_n but_o always_o the_o event_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o make_v the_o same_o doubtful_a concern_v who_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_a that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o lest_o in_o be_v altogether_o silent_a it_o may_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n this_o my_o opinion_n but_o notwithstanding_o i_o will_v hasten_v to_o my_o purpose_a comparison_n now_o touch_v the_o phalanx_n if_o it_o have_v the_o disposition_n and_o force_n proper_a to_o it_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v itself_o against_o it_o or_o to_o sustain_v the_o 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hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o the_o phalanx_n have_v his_o proper_a and_o due_a thickness_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a disposition_n both_o on_o the_o side_n and_o behind_o as_o homer_n make_v mention_v when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o target_n do_v enclose_v and_o fortify_v another_o one_o head-piece_n be_v join_v to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v unite_v and_o close_a together_o these_o circumstance_n be_v right_o and_o true_o set_v down_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o every_o former_a rank_n in_o the_o phalanx_n do_v extend_v themselves_o two_o cubit_n before_o each_o other_o which_o proportion_n of_o difference_n they_o have_v between_o themselves_o by_o which_o may_v evident_o be_v see_v the_o assault_n and_o 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in_o a_o more_o thin_a and_o distinct_a order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v three_o foot_n more_o allow_v they_o to_o stand_v in_o both_o from_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n and_o from_o back_n to_o belly_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o weapon_n with_o the_o better_a commodity_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o roman_a soldier_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o two_o of_o those_o which_o be_v to_o encounter_v he_o of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n so_o that_o one_o romain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o oppose_v himself_o against_o ten_o pike_n which_o pike_n the_o say_v one_o soldior_fw-la can_n neither_o by_o any_o agility_n come_v to_o offend_v or_o else_o at_o handy_a blow_n otherwise_o annoy_v and_o those_o which_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v not_o only_o unable_a to_o repel_v their_o force_n but_o also_o with_o conveniency_n to_o use_v their_o own_o weapon_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o battle_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o front_n of_o a_o phalanx_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o if_o it_o have_v his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n then_o be_v utterlie_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a &_o champion_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v &_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o 20._o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_n and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o a_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a &_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjecture_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n staud_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a
which_o much_o direct_v they_o in_o this_o turbulent_a assault_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o as_o man_n acquaint_v with_o such_o casualty_n last_o the_o valour_n and_o undaunted_a judgement_n of_o the_o general_n which_o oversway_v the_o peril_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o so_o fortunate_a a_o end_n wherein_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o in_o a_o temperate_a course_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o battle_n rest_v upon_o his_o direction_n he_o whole_o intend_a wariness_n &_o circumspection_n so_o in_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n of_o good_a hap_n he_o confront_v extremity_n of_o danger_n with_o extremity_n of_o valour_n and_o overtop_v fury_n with_o a_o high_a resolution_n chap._n xii_o the_o aduatici_n betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o strong_a hold_n and_o be_v take_v by_o caesar_n the_o *_o aduatici_n before_o mention_v brabant_n come_v with_o all_o their_o power_n to_o aid_v the_o neruij_fw-la and_o understand_v by_o the_o way_n of_o their_o overthrow_n return_v home_o again_o and_o forsake_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o town_n and_o castle_n convey_v themselves_o and_o their_o wealth_n into_o one_o strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v town_n which_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o mighty_a rock_n and_o steep_a downfall_n save_v in_o one_o place_n of_o 200._o foot_n in_o breadth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o entry_n by_o a_o gentle_a and_o easy_a ascent_n which_o passage_n they_o have_v fortify_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o a_o large_a altitude_n and_o have_v place_v mighty_a great_a stone_n and_o sharp_a beam_n upon_o the_o wall_n ready_a for_o a_o assault_n this_o people_n descend_v from_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n who_o in_o their_o journey_n into_o italy_n have_v leave_v such_o carriage_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n as_o they_o can_v not_o convenient_o take_v along_o with_o they_o in_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o force_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v many_o year_n disquiet_v by_o their_o neighbour_n sometime_o invade_v other_o state_n and_o sometime_o defend_v themselves_o at_o length_n procure_v a_o peace_n and_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n they_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n &_o make_v many_o light_a skirmish_n with_o they_o but_o after_o that_o caesar_n have_v draw_v a_o rampire_n about_o the_o town_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o height_n 15_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o have_v fortify_v it_o with_o castle_n very_o thick_a about_o the_o town_n they_o keep_v themselves_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o as_o they_o behold_v the_o vine_n frame_v the_o mount_v raise_v and_o a_o tower_n in_o build_v a_o far_o off_o at_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o it_o and_o with_o scoff_a speech_n from_o the_o wall_n begin_v to_o ask_v with_o what_o hand_n &_o with_o what_o strength_n especial_o by_o man_n of_o that_o stature_n for_o the_o roman_n be_v but_o little_a man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o gall_n a_o tower_n of_o that_o huge_a massy_a weight_n shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o the_o wall_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o remove_v and_o approach_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n as_o man_n astonish_v at_o the_o strange_a and_o unaccustomed_a sight_n thereof_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v a_o peace_n with_o this_o message_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o special_a assistance_n of_o the_o god_n that_o can_v with_o such_o facility_n transport_v engine_n of_o that_o height_n &_o bring_v they_o to_o encounter_v at_o hand_n against_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o their_o town_n and_o therefore_o they_o submit_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o his_o mere_a clemency_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n they_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o 53000._o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n circunuallatio_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o 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observation_n in_o this_o battle_n i_o chief_o observe_v the_o good_a fortune_n industry_n which_o usual_o attend_v upon_o industry_n for_o among_o other_o provision_n which_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v furnish_v out_o to_o the_o use_n of_o this_o war_n they_o have_v make_v ready_a these_o hook_n not_o for_o this_o intent_n wherein_o they_o be_v employ_v but_o at_o all_o occasion_n &_o chance_n that_o may_v happen_v as_o service_n able_a compliment_n rather_o than_o principal_a instrument_n and_o yet_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o prove_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o overthrow_v the_o gall_n which_o prove_v true_a the_o say_n of_o caesar_n that_o industry_n command_v fortune_n and_o buy_v good_a success_n with_o extraordinary_a labour_n for_o industry_n in_o action_n be_v as_o importunity_n in_o speech_n which_o force_v a_o assent_n beyond_o the_o strength_n of_o reason_n and_o strive_v through_o continual_a pursuit_n to_o make_v good_a the_o motive_n by_o often_o inculcation_n and_o at_o length_n find_v that_o disposition_n which_o will_v easy_o admit_v whatsoever_o be_v require_v in_o like_a manner_n diligence_n and_o laboursome_a industry_n by_o circumspect_a and_o heedful_a carriage_n seldom_o fail_v either_o by_o hap_n or_o cunning_n to_o make_v good_a that_o part_n wherein_o the_o main_a point_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v for_o evetie_n action_n be_v entangle_v with_o many_o infinite_a adherent_n which_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o succeed_v according_a as_o it_o be_v carry_v answerable_a to_o their_o nature_n of_o these_o adherentes_fw-la some_o of_o they_o be_v by_o wisdom_n foresee_v and_o direct_v to_o that_o course_n which_o may_v fortunate_a the_o action_n the_o rest_n be_v unknown_a continue_v without_o either_o direction_n or_o prevention_n and_o be_v all_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o fortune_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o wise_a reach_n and_o stand_v in_o the_o way_n either_o to_o assist_v or_o disadvantage_n of_o these_o industry_n have_v great_a authority_n in_o as_o much_o as_o she_o arm_v herself_o for_o all_o chance_n whereby_o she_o be_v say_v to_o command_v fortune_n chap._n viii_o sabinus_n overthrow_v the_o perche_n vnelli_n with_o the_o manner_n thereof_o while_o these_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o state_n of_o vannes_n caesar_n l._n titurius_n sabinus_n enter_v with_o his_o force_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vnelli_n over_o who_o viridovix_n be_v make_v chief_a commander_n have_v draw_v the_o rhone_n aulerci_n and_o the_o eureux_fw-fr eburonice_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vagabond_n and_o thief_n into_o the_o same_o conspiracy_n sabinus_n encamp_v himself_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n keep_v his_o soldier_n within_o the_o rampire_n but_o viridovix_n be_v lodge_v within_o less_o than_o two_o mile_n of_o sabinus_n his_o camp_n bring_v out_o his_o force_n daily_o and_o put_v they_o in_o battle_n give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o fight_v if_o he_o will_v which_o sabinus_n refuse_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o begin_v not_o only_o to_o be_v suspect_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o cowardice_n but_o to_o be_v taunt_v with_o the_o reproachful_a speech_n of_o his_o own_o soldier_n which_o opinion_n of_o fear_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o increase_v it_o and_o carry_v it_o so_o well_o that_o the_o enemy_n dare_v approach_v the_o very_a rampire_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o colour_n that_o he_o pretend_v be_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o legate_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n to_o fight_v with_o a_o enemy_n of_o that_o strength_n but_o upon_o some_o good_a opportunity_n or_o in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n in_o this_o general_a persuasion_n of_o fear_n sabinus_n choose_v out_o a_o subtle_a
witted_a gall_n who_o he_o persuade_v with_o great_a reward_n and_o further_a promise_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o there_o to_o carry_v himself_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n which_o he_o shall_v give_v he_o this_o gall_n come_v as_o a_o revolter_v to_o the_o enemy_n lay_v open_a unto_o they_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o extremity_n that_o caesar_n be_v drive_v into_o by_o the_o veneti_n and_o that_o the_o night_n before_o sabinus_n be_v about_o to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n secret_o out_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o relieve_v caesar_n upon_o which_o advertisement_n they_o all_o cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n that_o this_o opportunity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v but_o set_v apart_o all_o other_o device_n to_o go_v and_o assault_v the_o roman_a camp_n many_o circumstance_n persuade_v the_o gall_n to_o this_o resolution_n as_o first_o the_o linger_a &_o doubt_v which_o sabinus_n have_v make_v when_o he_o be_v offer_v battle_n second_o the_o intelligence_n which_o this_o fugitive_n have_v bring_v three_o the_o want_n of_o victual_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v negligent_a and_o unaduised_o careless_a four_a the_o hope_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o war_n of_o vannes_n and_o last_o for_o that_o man_n willing_o believe_v that_o which_o they_o will_v have_v come_v to_o pass_v the_o force_n of_o these_o motive_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v viridovix_n nor_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captain_n to_o dismiss_v the_o council_n until_o they_o have_v permit_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o go_v to_o the_o roman_a camp_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o gather_v rubbish_n and_o faggot_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n and_o with_o cheerful_a heart_n as_o though_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o get_v they_o march_v to_o the_o place_n where_o sabinus_n be_v encamp_v which_o be_v the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n rise_v gentle_o from_o a_o level_a the_o quantity_n of_o 1000_o pace_n hither_o the_o gall_n haste_v with_o all_o expedition_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n the_o roman_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o put_v on_o their_o armour_n the_o gall_n for_o haste_n run_v themselves_o out_o of_o breath_n sabinus_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n give_v the_o sign_n of_o battle_n and_o sally_v out_o at_o two_o several_a gate_n of_o his_o camp_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o through_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o weariness_n and_o unexperience_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n and_o their_o exercise_n in_o former_a battle_n that_o the_o gall_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o encounter_n but_o present_o take_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o very_o few_o escape_v and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o at_o one_o time_n sabinus_n have_v news_n of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o sea_n and_o caesar_n of_o sabinus_n victory_n by_o land_n upon_o these_o victory_n all_o the_o city_n and_o state_n yield_v themselves_o to_o titurius_n for_o as_o the_o gall_n be_v prompt_a to_o undertake_v a_o war_n so_o be_v they_o weak_a in_o suffer_v and_o impatient_a of_o the_o consequent_n and_o calamity_n thereof_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n be_v often_o put_v in_o use_n by_o the_o roman_a leader_n 5._o as_o well_o to_o disappoint_v the_o expectation_n of_o a_o enemy_n as_o to_o draw_v they_o into_o a_o inconvenience_n &_o so_o to_o defeat_v they_o of_o their_o great_a help_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n caesar_n come_v to_o succour_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n make_v such_o use_n of_o this_o art_n that_o he_o put_v to_o rout_n a_o great_a army_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n which_o i_o will_v refer_v unto_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v particular_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o chief_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n which_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o overthrow_n be_v disappointment_n for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n hardly_o to_o be_v digest_v in_o business_n 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mean_a time_n foresee_v their_o good_a fortune_n shroud_v under_o the_o cloak_n of_o a_o pretend_a distrust_n let_v these_o example_n instruct_v a_o leader_n so_o to_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o any_o such_o fortune_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n he_o omit_v not_o the_o chief_a point_n of_o order_n and_o discipline_n as_o well_o for_o the_o better_a effect_v of_o the_o design_n as_o for_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o the_o security_n of_o his_o army_n for_o order_n be_v as_o the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o martial_a discipline_n unite_n the_o particular_a member_n into_o the_o firm_a composition_n of_o a_o well_o proportion_a body_n and_o so_o it_o make_v it_o more_o powerful_a than_o any_o number_n of_o disunit_a part_n how_o able_a or_o infinite_a soever_o i_o may_v here_o allege_v infinite_a example_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n but_o let_v the_o battle_n of_o drux_n serve_v for_o all_o wherein_o the_o protestants_n overcharge_v the_o catholic_a army_n follow_v the_o retreat_n so_o hard_o that_o they_o quick_o become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o then_o neglect_v martial_a discipline_n fall_v in_o confuse_o with_o the_o break_a multitude_n to_o make_v the_o victory_n more_o glorious_a by_o slaughter_n and_o mortality_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n all_o this_o while_n bouge_v not_o a_o foot_n but_o in_o unexampled_a patience_n keep_v his_o regiment_n close_o together_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rescue_v their_o general_n that_o be_v take_v until_o the_o regiment_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o condie_n be_v likewise_o disperse_v and_o break_v and_o then_o perceive_v no_o difference_n of_o order_n between_o the_o victor_n protestant_n and_o the_o vanquish_a catholic_a he_o dissolve_v that_o terrible_a cloud_n that_o have_v hang_v so_o long_o in_o suspense_n and_o so_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n that_o he_o take_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o prince_n prisoner_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o man_n so_o 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it_o lie_v in_o ambush_n these_o set_n upon_o the_o roman_n renew_v the_o battle_n and_o there_o the_o fight_n continue_v hot_a a_o long_a time_n the_o sontiate_n be_v animate_v with_o the_o former_a victory_n see_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o aquitanie_n rely_v upon_o their_o virtue_n and_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n desire_v to_o show_v what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v of_o themselves_o without_o their_o grand_a captain_n and_o under_o the_o conduction_n of_o a_o young_a soldier_n at_o length_n the_o enemy_n overwage_v with_o prowess_n and_o weary_v with_o wound_n betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o the_o roman_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o then_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o town_n of_o the_o sontiate_n and_o lay_v siege_n unto_o if_o the_o siege_n grow_v hot_a on_o both_o side_n the_o roman_n approach_v the_o wall_n with_o vine_n turret_n and_o mount_n the_o townsman_n defend_v themselves_o some_o time_n by_o sally_v out_o sometime_o by_o undermine_v the_o mount_n and_o fortification_n wherein_o the_o aquitani_n be_v very_o skilful_a but_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o exceed_v all_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o entreat_v crassus_n to_o accept_v their_o rendry_n which_o be_v grant_v and_o all_o the_o army_n intend_v the_o delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n adcantuanus_n their_o chief_a magistrate_n flee_v out_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o a_o other_o port_n of_o the_o city_n with_o 600._o devote_a companion_n who_o they_o call_v soldurij_fw-la but_o as_o they_o attempt_v to_o escape_v the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o they_o signify_v his_o cuasion_n by_o a_o clamour_n and_o shout_n the_o rest_n be_v take_v themselves_o to_o arm_n and_o so_o repel_v he_o again_o into_o the_o town_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o submissive_a multitude_n crassus_n have_v take_v hostage_n of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o 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require_v last_o the_o countermine_v and_o crossemeeting_n all_o which_o part_n have_v very_o many_o circumstance_n and_o require_v a_o large_a discourse_n then_o may_v be_v think_v pertinent_a for_o this_o place_n the_o three_o observation_n the_o strange_a contract_n between_o these_o soldurij_fw-la and_o their_o chieftain_n may_v well_o deserve_v a_o place_n among_o these_o observation_n especial_o consider_v the_o obligatorie_n condition_n which_o either_o party_n stand_v bind_v to_o observe_v for_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o make_v his_o soldurij_fw-la partaker_n of_o all_o his_o happiness_n in_o this_o life_n in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o take_v part_n of_o whatsoever_o ill_a chance_n or_o disaster_n shall_v happen_v to_o befall_v he_o if_o death_n which_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o all_o sensual_a misery_n take_v hold_v of_o their_o head_n these_o devote_a be_v tie_v voluntary_o to_o follow_v he_o the_o self_n same_o way_n neither_o in_o any_o memory_n be_v there_o over_o man_n find_v that_o refuse_v to_o die_v if_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v devote_a chance_v to_o be_v slay_v which_o bloody_a league_n of_o amity_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n multiply_v particular_a destiny_n to_o a_o general_a calamity_n so_o be_v it_o dangerous_a in_o a_o well_o order_v state_n if_o the_o ringleader_n be_v either_o ambitious_a or_o seek_v to_o practice_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o good_a government_n for_o he_o himself_o will_v presume_v much_o upon_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o soldurij_fw-la and_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v needs_o wish_v well_o to_o his_o attempt_n that_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o his_o life_n &_o death_n chap._n x._o the_o gall_n raise_v new_a force_n against_o crassus_n the_o barbarous_a gall_n be_v much_o trouble_v caesar_n that_o a_o town_n of_o that_o strength_n shall_v so_o soon_o be_v take_v and_o therefore_o they_o send_v ambassador_n into_o all_o quarter_n conjure_v one_o with_o another_o confirm_v their_o covenant_n with_o mutual_a hostage_n and_o levy_v what_o power_n they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v send_v for_o aid_n out_o of_o spain_n and_o from_o other_o state_n that_o border_v upon_o aquitaine_n at_o the_o come_n of_o these_o force_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n with_o a_o great_a power_n and_o with_o many_o soldier_n of_o great_a fame_n for_o they_o appoint_v such_o leader_n as_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o sertorius_n his_o war_n and_o be_v great_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n for_o their_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n begin_v to_o take_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o to_o intercept_v the_o roman_n from_o free_a passage_n of_o conuâ—ies_n and_o necessary_a intercourse_n which_o when_o crassus_n perceive_v and_o consider_v withal_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v so_o few_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o dismember_v they_o upon_o any_o service_n or_o advantage_n and_o that_o the_o enemy_n go_v out_o at_o his_o pleasure_n keep_v the_o passage_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o his_o camp_n by_o which_o mean_v their_o corn_n and_o provision_n will_v in_o time_n grow_v scarce_o and_o the_o enemy_n wax_v every_o day_n strong_a he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a course_n not_o to_o linger_v any_o long_o but_o present_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n when_o he_o understand_v that_o all_o man_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n he_o appoint_v the_o next_o day_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o dawn_a putting_z his_o man_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n and_o place_v the_o auxiliarie_n force_v in_o the_o midst_n he_o attend_v to_o see_v what_o the_o enemy_n will_v do_v the_o gall_n although_o they_o be_v
knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o learning_n wherein_o first_o i_o must_v lay_v for_o a_o maxim_n that_o which_o long_a experience_n have_v make_v authentical_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v either_o quick_a or_o slow_a according_a as_o the_o complexion_n be_v temper_v either_o with_o heat_n or_o cold_a for_o as_o the_o flegmaticall_a humour_n be_v of_o a_o moist_a cold_a and_o heavy_a nature_n beget_v weak_a and_o gross_a spirit_n and_o benumb_a the_o instrument_n with_o a_o liveles_a disability_n so_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o internal_a faculty_n proceed_v likewise_o after_o a_o slow_a manner_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o it_o move_v and_o therefore_o man_n of_o this_o waterish_a constitution_n be_v no_o way_n apt_a to_o receive_v a_o impression_n nor_o to_o entertain_v any_o sensible_a apprehension_n unless_o it_o be_v beat_v into_o they_o with_o often_o and_o strong_a repetition_n and_o then_o also_o they_o proceed_v as_o slow_o in_o discourse_v of_o the_o consequence_n and_o linger_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o their_o resolution_n on_o the_o contrary_a part_n this_o flava_fw-la bilis_fw-la be_v of_o a_o hot_a pierce_a nature_n and_o resemble_v the_o active_a virtue_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o purify_v the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o quicken_v the_o spirit_n with_o the_o vivacity_n of_o motion_n that_o they_o take_v the_o first_o impression_n as_o perfect_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o present_v unto_o they_o with_o many_o strong_a circumstance_n and_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o species_n be_v so_o ready_o receive_v and_o possess_v the_o apprehend_v faculty_n with_o such_o facility_n of_o entrance_n that_o it_o move_v the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n with_o as_o great_a efficacy_n at_o the_o first_o conception_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v bring_v in_o with_o troop_n of_o probability_n and_o strengthen_v with_o manifest_a argument_n of_o undoubted_a truth_n it_o follow_v therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtle_a and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o instrument_n which_o proceed_v from_o heat_n the_o chief_a quality_n in_o choler_n that_o the_o object_n be_v at_o the_o first_o moment_n so_o strong_o settle_v in_o the_o first_o receive_v faculty_n that_o the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n with_o as_o great_a speed_n manifest_v their_o office_n concern_v the_o apprehension_n and_o deliver_v a_o sentence_n answerable_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o first_o conception_n which_o make_v they_o so_o impatient_a of_o delay_n and_o so_o sudden_o to_o alter_v their_o former_a resolution_n not_o suffer_v the_o discursive_a power_n to_o examine_v the_o substance_n thereof_o by_o conference_n of_o circumstance_n nor_o to_o give_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o our_o intellectual_a court_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o every_o man_n in_o that_o unsteady_a 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if_o you_o will_v say_v he_o forsake_v your_o eagle_n o_o you_o soldier_n and_o betray_v it_o to_o the_o enemy_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v do_v my_o duty_n both_o to_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o to_o my_o imperator_n and_o have_v speak_v this_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v the_o eagle_n toward_o the_o enemy_n the_o roman_n exhort_v one_o another_o not_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o dishonour_n to_o be_v commit_v they_o all_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o when_o other_o that_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n perceive_v they_o follow_v they_o with_o as_o great_a alacrity_n and_o press_v towards_o the_o enemy_n to_o encounter_v with_o they_o the_o fight_n on_o both_o part_n be_v very_o eager_a the_o roman_n not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v any_o order_n of_o battle_n nor_o to_o get_v any_o firm_a foot_n nor_o to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o man_n keep_v with_o those_o ensign_n which_o he_o first_o meet_v 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may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n at_o his_o land_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o place_n as_o of_o time_n for_o be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n he_o will_v attempt_v a_o land_n we_o must_v either_o defend_v all_o place_n of_o access_n or_o our_o intention_n will_v prove_v mere_a frivolous_a and_o to_o perform_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n be_v sufficient_a according_a to_o the_o particular_a quality_n of_o every_o place_n subject_n to_o danger_n which_o consider_v the_o large_a extension_n of_o our_o maritimate_a part_n and_o the_o many_o land_a place_n on_o our_o coast_n will_v require_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n than_o this_o
virtue_n may_v be_v reward_v with_o honour_n and_o that_o time_n may_v challenge_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o more_o worthy_a place_n civili_fw-la the_o say_a distinction_n and_o term_n be_v religious_o observe_v for_o in_o the_o battle_n with_o perreius_fw-la at_o ilerda_n in_o spain_n he_o mention_v the_o death_n of_o q._n fulginius_n ex_fw-la primo_fw-la hastato_fw-la legionis_fw-la quartae_fw-la decimae_fw-la and_o in_o the_o overthrow_n at_o dirrachium_n he_o say_v civili_fw-la that_o the_o eagle_n bearer_n be_v grievous_o wound_v commend_v the_o safety_n of_o his_o ensign_n to_o the_o horseman_n all_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v slay_v praeter_fw-la principem_fw-la priorem_fw-la and_o for_o the_o triarij_fw-la there_o be_v no_o term_n more_o frequent_a in_o caesar_n then_o primipilus_fw-la which_o name_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n but_o to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o first_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarij_fw-la whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o maniple_n keep_v the_o same_o name_n in_o regard_n of_o a_o necessary_a distinction_n although_o peradventure_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v as_o good_a soldier_n as_o either_o the_o principes_fw-la or_o the_o triarij_fw-la as_o touch_v the_o space_n between_o the_o maniple_n whereinto_o the_o first_o battle_n do_v retire_v itself_o if_o occasion_n urge_v they_o i_o never_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o caesar_n except_v once_o here_o in_o england_n where_o in_o a_o skirmish_n the_o briton_n so_o urge_v the_o court_n of_o guard_n which_o keep_v watch_v before_o the_o roman_a camp_n that_o caesar_n send_v out_o two_o other_o cohorte_n to_o succour_v they_o who_o make_v distance_n between_o they_o as_o they_o stand_v the_o court_n of_o guard_n retire_v itself_o in_o safety_n through_o that_o space_n into_o the_o camp_n otherwise_o we_o never_o find_v that_o the_o first_o battle_n make_v any_o retreat_n into_o the_o ally_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o 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themselves_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v and_o all_o gallia_n be_v settle_v in_o peace_n there_o go_v such_o a_o fame_n of_o this_o war_n among_o other_o barbarous_a people_n that_o from_o nation_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n there_o come_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n offer_v both_o hostage_n and_o obedience_n to_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o but_o caesar_n will_v they_o to_o repair_v unto_o he_o again_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o summer_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o then_o haste_v into_o lombardy_n after_o he_o have_v place_v his_o legion_n in_o their_o winter_v camp_n book_n for_o these_o thing_n upon_o the_o sight_n of_o caesar_n letter_n a_o general_a supplication_n be_v proclaim_v in_o rome_n for_o 15_o day_n together_o which_o honour_n before_o that_o time_n have_v happen_v to_o no_o man_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o commentary_n observation_n upon_o the_o three_o book_n of_o caesar_n his_o commentary_n the_o argument_n this_o 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passenger_n that_o travel_v between_o italy_n and_o gallia_n galba_n have_v order_n if_o he_o find_v it_o expedient_a to_o winter_n in_o those_o part_n after_o some_o fortunate_a encounter_n and_o the_o take_n of_o some_o castle_n and_o hold_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o resolve_v to_o place_v two_o cohorte_n of_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o nantuates_n and_o himself_o to_o winter_n with_o the_o other_o cohorte_n in_o a_o town_n of_o the_o veragri_n name_v octodurus_n this_o town_n be_v site_v in_o a_o narrow_a valley_n and_o encircle_v about_o with_o mighty_a high_a hill_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o river_n into_o two_o part_n whereof_o he_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o other_o he_o choose_v for_o his_o winter_v camp_n and_o fortify_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v many_o day_n of_o winter_v and_o give_v order_n that_o corn_n shall_v be_v bring_v thither_o for_o provision_n he_o have_v intelligence_n upon_o a_o sudden_a that_o the_o gall_n in_o the_o night_n time_n have_v all_o left_a that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n that_o be_v allot_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o hill_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o valley_n wherein_o the_o town_n stand_v be_v possess_v with_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o seduni_n and_o veragri_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o sudden_a commotion_n be_v chief_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n not_o make_v a_o complete_a legion_n for_o as_o much_o as_o two_o cohort_n winter_v among_o the_o nantuates_n beside_o many_o particular_n that_o be_v want_v upon_o necessary_a occasion_n and_o to_o make_v they_o more_o contemptible_a in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o the_o place_n afford_v such_o advantage_n that_o they_o be_v persuade_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o steep_a declivitie_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o first_o assault_n beside_o this_o it_o greeve_v they_o exceed_o to_o have_v their_o child_n take_v from_o they_o under_o the_o title_n of_o hostage_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o nature_n have_v exempt_v from_o habitation_n and_o place_v as_o bound_n between_o two_o large_a kingdom_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o roman_a legion_n and_o unite_v to_o their_o province_n upon_o these_o advertisement_n galba_n not_o have_v as_o yet_o finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n nor_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o forage_n for_o the_o winter_n season_n in_o that_o he_o little_o fear_v any_o motion_n of_o war_n be_v secure_v of_o their_o amity_n and_o obedience_n both_o by_o hostage_n and_o rendrie_a he_o present_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o determine_v what_o course_n be_v best_a to_o be_v take_v in_o which_o council_n the_o mind_n of_o many_o be_v so_o amaze_v with_o the_o terror_n of_o so_o unexpected_a a_o danger_n when_o they_o behold_v the_o hill_n pester_v with_o arm_a soldier_n the_o passage_n take_v and_o intercept_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o any_o succour_n or_o relief_n that_o they_o can_v think_v of_o no_o other_o way_n for_o their_o safety_n then_o leave_v behind_o they_o their_o baggage_n and_o impediment_n to_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o so_o to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v thither_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a part_n conclude_v to_o refer_v that_o resolution_n to_o the_o last_o push_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o attend_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o event_n and_o defend_v the_o camp_n the_o observation_n which_o advice_n although_o at_o this_o time_n sort_v to_o small_a effect_n yet_o it_o better_a suit_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o savour_v more_o of_o temper_a magnanimity_n than_o that_o former_a hazard_n which_o argue_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o mind_n by_o their_o over_o hasty_a and_o too_o forward_a resolution_n for_o as_o it_o import_v great_a danger_n and_o discover_v a_o more_o desperate_a spirit_n to_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o so_o by_o strong_a hand_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o other_o fortune_n so_o it_o manifest_v a_o great_a apprehension_n of_o terror_n and_o a_o strong_a impression_n of_o fear_n which_o can_v afford_v nothing_o but_o desperate_a remedy_n for_o desperate_a and_o inconsiderate_a rashness_n rise_v soon_o of_o fear_n then_o of_o any_o other_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o such_o as_o behold_v the_o danger_n with_o a_o less_o trouble_a eye_n and_o qualify_v the_o terror_n of_o death_n with_o the_o life_n of_o their_o spirit_n reserve_v extremity_n of_o help_n to_o extremity_n of_o peril_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n attend_v what_o chance_v of_o advantage_n may_v happen_v unto_o they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v i_o say_v they_o so_o give_v great_a scope_n to_o fortune_n and_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o change_a accident_n chap._n ii_o the_o enemy_n set_v upon_o the_o winter_v camp_n galba_n overthrow_v they_o the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v caesar_n they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o enemy_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v assault_v the_o camp_n on_o all_o side_n with_o stone_n and_o dart_n and_o other_o cast_a weapon_n the_o roman_n at_o first_o when_o their_o strength_n be_v fresh_a valiant_o resist_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o charge_n neither_o do_v they_o spend_v in_o vain_a any_o weapon_n which_o they_o cast_v from_o the_o rampire_n but_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o their_o camp_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n and_o want_v of_o help_n thither_o they_o come_v with_o succour_n and_o relief_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v overmatch_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v spend_v and_o weary_v with_o fight_n whensoever_o any_o of_o they_o give_v place_n and_o forsake_v the_o battle_n there_o be_v always_o fresh_a combatant_n to_o supply_v it_o but_o the_o roman_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o small_a number_n have_v no_o such_o help_n for_o their_o extremity_n in_o that_o point_n be_v such_o that_o no_o man_n be_v permit_v neither_o for_o weariness_n nor_o wound_n to_o forsake_v his_o station_n or_o abandon_v his_o charge_n and_o have_v thus_o fight_v continual_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n when_o both_o strength_n and_o weapon_n want_v the_o enemy_n persist_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o fill_v the_o ditch_n and_o break_v down_o the_o rampire_n and_o their_o hope_n rely_v upon_o the_o last_o expectation_n p._n sex_n baculus_fw-la the_o primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n who_o we_o say_v to_o be_v so_o sore_o wound_v in_o the_o neruian_a battle_n and_o caius_n volusenus_n tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n run_v speedy_o to_o galba_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o only_a way_n of_o safety_n be_v to_o
break_v out_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o try_v the_o last_o refuge_n in_o that_o extremity_n whereupon_o they_o call_v the_o centurion_n and_o by_o they_o admonish_v the_o soldier_n to_o surcease_v a_o while_n from_o fight_v and_o only_o to_o receive_v such_o weapon_n as_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o so_o to_o rest_v themselves_o a_o little_a and_o recover_v their_o strength_n and_o then_o at_o a_o watchword_n to_o sally_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o lay_v their_o safety_n upon_o their_o virtue_n which_o the_o soldier_n execute_v with_o such_o alacrity_n and_o courage_n of_o spirit_n that_o break_v out_o at_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o give_v no_o leisure_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v do_v nor_o to_o satisfy_v his_o judgement_n touch_v so_o unexpected_a a_o novelty_n and_o thus_o fortune_n be_v sudden_o change_v they_o slay_v more_o than_o the_o three_o part_n of_o 30000_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o stay_v upon_o the_o hill_n near_o about_o they_o observation_n which_o strange_a alteration_n lively_o describe_v the_o force_n of_o novelty_n battle_n and_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o unexpected_a adventure_n for_o in_o the_o first_o course_n of_o their_o proceed_n wherein_o the_o roman_n defend_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o gall_n charge_v it_o by_o assault_n the_o victory_n hold_v constant_a with_o the_o gall_n and_o threaten_a death_n and_o mortality_n to_o the_o roman_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o mean_n to_o recover_v hope_n of_o better_a success_n but_o by_o try_v another_o way_n which_o so_o much_o the_o more_o amaze_v the_o gall_n in_o that_o they_o have_v vehement_o apprehend_v a_o opinion_n of_o victory_n by_o a_o set_a fight_n continue_v the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n without_o any_o likelihood_n of_o contrariety_n or_o alteration_n which_o practice_n of_o frustrate_v a_o design_n intend_v by_o a_o indirect_a and_o contrary_a answer_n serve_v the_o roman_n oftentimes_o to_o great_a advantage_n as_o beside_o this_o present_a example_n in_o this_o commentary_n we_o shall_v afterward_o read_v how_o titurius_n sabinus_n defeat_v the_o vnello_n with_o the_o same_o stratagem_n and_o overthrow_v they_o by_o eruption_n and_o sally_v out_o when_o they_o expect_v nothing_o but_o a_o defensive_a resistance_n from_o the_o rampire_n from_o whence_o a_o commander_n may_v learn_v to_o avoid_v two_o contrary_a inconvenience_n according_a as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v offer_v occasion_n first_o if_o other_o thing_n be_v answerable_a which_o a_o judicious_a eye_n will_v easy_o discover_v that_o a_o sally_n make_v out_o at_o diverse_a port_n of_o a_o hold_n will_v much_o mitigate_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o charge_n and_o control_v the_o fury_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o that_o besiege_v any_o place_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o have_v of_o the_o defendant_n may_v much_o better_o assure_v himself_o of_o good_a fortune_n if_o he_o appoint_v certain_a troop_n in_o readiness_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o any_o eruption_n that_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v busy_o employ_v in_o the_o assault_n may_v provide_v to_o answer_v it_o without_o disorder_n or_o confusion_n which_o order_n if_o the_o gall_n have_v take_v they_o have_v not_o in_o likelihood_n so_o often_o be_v deceive_v chap._n iii_o galba_n return_v into_o the_o province_n the_o vnelli_n give_v occasion_n of_o a_o new_a war_n the_o enemy_n be_v thus_o defeat_v caesar_n galba_n be_v unwilling_a to_o try_v fortune_n any_o further_o and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o he_o want_v both_o corn_n and_o forage_v and_o therefore_o have_v burn_v the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n he_o return_v towards_o the_o province_n and_o without_o let_v or_o resistance_n bring_v the_o legion_n safe_a into_o the_o nantuates_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o savoiens_fw-la allobrogae_fw-la and_o there_o he_o winter_v after_o these_o thing_n be_v dispatch_v caesar_n suppose_v for_o many_o reason_n that_o all_o gallia_n be_v now_o in_o peace_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o further_a fear_n of_o any_o new_a war_n the_o belgae_n be_v overthrow_v the_o german_n thrust_v out_o and_o the_o seduni_n among_o the_o alps_n subdue_v and_o vanquish_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o winter_n as_o he_o go_v into_o illyricum_n have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o see_v those_o nation_n there_o grow_v a_o sudden_a tumult_n and_o dissension_n in_o gallia_n upon_o this_o occasion_n pub._n crassus_n winter_v with_o the_o seven_o legion_n in_o anjou_n near_o unto_o the_o ocean_n and_o find_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o part_n he_o send_v out_o the_o prefect_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o tribune_n into_o the_o next_o city_n to_o demand_v corn_n and_o other_o provision_n for_o his_o legion_n of_o who_o titus_n terrasidius_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o perche_n venelli_n marcus_n trebius_n to_o the_o bretaine_n curiosolitae_n q._n velanius_n and_o titus_n silius_n to_o the_o vannes_n veneti_n these_o veneti_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n among_o all_o the_o maritimate_a nation_n in_o that_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v with_o which_o they_o do_v traffic_v into_o brittany_n and_o exceed_v all_o their_o neighbour_n state_n in_o skill_n and_o experience_n of_o seafaring_a matter_n have_v the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o as_o use_v those_o sea_n tributary_n to_o their_o state_n these_o veneti_n first_o adventure_v to_o retain_v silius_n and_o velanius_n hope_v thereby_o to_o recover_v their_o hostage_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o crassus_n the_o finitimate_a city_n induce_v by_o their_o authority_n and_o example_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n lay_v hold_v upon_o trebius_n and_o terrasidius_n and_o send_v speedy_a ambassage_n one_o unto_o another_o conjure_v by_o their_o prince_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n to_o approve_v their_o fact_n by_o common_a consent_n and_o to_o attend_v all_o the_o same_o event_n of_o fortune_n solicit_v also_o other_o city_n and_o state_n rather_o to_o maintain_v that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v of_o their_o ancestor_n then_o to_o endure_v the_o servile_a bondage_n of_o a_o stranger_n the_o first_o observation_n the_o circumstance_n in_o this_o history_n which_o note_v the_o sudden_a break_v out_o of_o war_n when_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n make_v promise_v of_o peace_n show_v first_o time_n what_o small_a assurance_n our_o reason_n have_v of_o her_o discourse_n in_o calculate_v the_o nativity_n of_o after-chance_n which_o so_o seldom_o answer_v the_o judgement_n we_o give_v upon_o their_o beginning_n that_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o happiness_n we_o find_v nothing_o but_o misery_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o go_v often_o well_o with_o that_o part_n which_o our_o art_n have_v condemn_v to_o ill_a fortune_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o almost_o all_o nation_n be_v at_o odds_n and_o in_o our_o best_a conceit_n threaten_v destruction_n one_o to_o another_o there_o happen_v a_o sudden_a motion_n of_o peace_n or_o if_o peace_n be_v in_o speech_n soothe_v the_o world_n with_o please_a tranquillity_n and_o through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o our_o weak_a probability_n promise_v much_o rest_n after_o many_o trouble_n there_o follow_v great_a war_n in_o the_o end_n than_o the_o former_a time_n can_v true_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v well_o understand_v may_v humble_v the_o spirit_n of_o our_o haughty_a politician_n that_o think_v to_o comprehend_v the_o conclusion_n of_o future_a time_n under_o the_o premise_n of_o their_o weak_a project_n and_o predestinate_a succeed_a age_n accorto_fw-la the_o course_n of_o the_o present_a motion_n when_o a_o accident_n so_o little_o think_v of_o shall_v break_v the_o main_a stream_n of_o our_o judgement_n and_o falsify_v the_o oracle_n which_o our_o understanding_n have_v utter_v and_o it_o may_v learn_v they_o withal_o how_o much_o it_o import_v a_o wise_a commander_n to_o prevent_v a_o evil_a that_o may_v cross_v his_o design_n how_o unlikely_a soever_o it_o be_v to_o happen_v by_o handle_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o though_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o confront_v the_o same_o for_o then_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v when_o it_o have_v in_o itself_o both_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o be_v and_o the_o direct_a mean_n to_o resist_v the_o repugnancy_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o so_o hap_v what_o will_v it_o have_v great_a possibility_n to_o continue_v the_o same_o the_o second_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o the_o veneti_n may_v instruct_v a_o circumspect_a prince_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o have_v a_o more_o watchful_a eye_n over_o that_o province_n or_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v most_o potent_a and_o mighty_a among_o the_o rest_n then_o of_o any_o other_o inferior_a state_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o condition_n for_o as_o example_n of_o itself_o be_v of_o great_a authority_n example_n make_v improbability_n seem_v full_a
to_o the_o place_n of_o danger_n as_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o importance_n thereof_o for_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o lodge_v they_o close_o together_o but_o to_o stretch_v they_o out_o along_o the_o coast_n by_o regiment_n and_o company_n as_o the_o country_n may_v afford_v best_a opportunity_n to_o entertain_v they_o now_o concern_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o objection_n which_o urge_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o time_n when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v his_o approach_n i_o hold_v it_o most_o requisite_a that_o our_o defensive_a force_n shall_v be_v draw_v into_o a_o head_n before_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v discover_v near_o our_o coast_n ready_a to_o put_v himself_o on_o shore_n for_o it_o be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n to_o imagine_v that_o company_n can_v upon_o such_o a_o sudden_a be_v assemble_v without_o confusion_n and_o make_v so_o long_a a_o march_n with_o such_o expedition_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o occasion_n will_v require_v now_o for_o that_o husband_n respect_n of_o her_o majesty_n coffer_n which_o be_v urge_v to_o such_o extremity_n as_o it_o will_v be_v unsupportable_a for_o this_o state_n to_o bear_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o good_a intelligence_n will_v much_o qualify_v that_o suppose_a immoderate_a expense_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o that_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n will_v deem_v it_o much_o out_o of_o season_n to_o dispute_v about_o unnecessary_a thrift_n when_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v bring_v in_o question_n of_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n ut_fw-la iugulent_fw-la homines_fw-la surgunt_fw-la de_fw-la nocte_fw-la latrones_fw-la non_fw-la expergesceris_fw-la ut_fw-la te_fw-la ipsum_fw-la serve_v the_o enemy_n peradventure_o have_v keep_v 30000._o man_n in_o pay_n 2._o month_n before_o to_o make_v havoc_n of_o our_o country_n and_o to_o bring_v we_o into_o perpetual_a thraldom_n shall_v we_o think_v it_o much_o to_o maintain_v sufficient_a force_n upon_o our_o coast_n to_o assure_v ourselves_o that_o no_o such_o enemy_n shall_v enter_v into_o our_o country_n the_o extremity_n of_o this_o charge_n will_v be_v qualify_v by_o our_o good_a espial_n which_o will_v proportion_v our_o attendance_n with_o the_o necessity_n which_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o to_o be_v careful_a in_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n let_v this_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o prove_v that_o our_o force_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o sea_n cost_v and_o that_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o time_n when_o the_o enemy_n will_v make_v his_o attempt_n ought_v not_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o the_o care_n and_o respect_n of_o our_o prince_n and_o country_n impose_v upon_o every_o good_a subject_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o first_o reason_n which_o i_o set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n now_o concern_v the_o second_o reason_n which_o urge_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n reason_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n artillery_n true_a it_o be_v that_o such_o place_n as_o yield_v the_o enemy_n commodity_n of_o land_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o open_a and_o afford_v natural_o no_o covert_n at_o all_o what_o then_o shall_v a_o soldier_n take_v every_o place_n as_o he_o find_v it_o and_o use_v no_o art_n to_o qualify_v the_o disadvantage_n thereof_o or_o shall_v a_o man_n forgo_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v relieve_v with_o industry_n the_o discommodity_n of_o some_o particular_a circumstance_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o a_o ingenious_a commander_n be_v in_o seasonable_a time_n lodge_v with_o convenient_a force_n upon_o any_o of_o those_o place_n yea_o upon_o the_o beach_n itself_o which_o be_v unapt_a to_o make_v defensible_a as_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o will_v use_v such_o industry_n as_o may_v give_v sufficient_a security_n to_o his_o force_n and_o overwaie_o the_o enemy_n with_o advantage_n of_o place_n especial_o consider_v that_o this_o age_n have_v afford_v such_o plentiful_a example_n of_o admirable_a invention_n in_o that_o behalf_n but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v if_o our_o force_n do_v not_o make_v head_n before_o the_o instant_n of_o the_o enemy_n attempt_n that_o our_o commander_n may_v have_v some_o time_n to_o make_v ready_a store_n of_o gabion_n handbasket_n with_o such_o movable_a matter_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a for_o that_o service_n neither_o let_v this_o trouble_v any_o man_n for_o i_o dare_v avouch_v it_o that_o if_o our_o force_n be_v not_o draw_v into_o a_o head_n before_o the_o enemy_n be_v discover_v upon_o the_o coast_n although_o we_o never_o mean_v to_o oppose_v their_o land_n but_o attend_v they_o in_o some_o inland_n place_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n our_o commander_n will_v be_v far_o to_o seek_v of_o many_o important_a circumstance_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o have_v but_o a_o reasonable_a time_n to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o these_o necessary_n and_o we_o will_v easy_o overcome_v all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o use_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n to_o repel_v a_o enemy_n weaken_v with_o the_o sea_n toss_v with_o the_o billow_n trouble_v with_o his_o weapon_n with_o many_o other_o hindrance_n and_o discouragemente_n which_o be_v present_v unto_o he_o both_o from_o the_o land_n and_o the_o sea_n he_o that_o see_v the_o land_n of_o our_o force_n in_o the_o island_n of_o fiall_n in_o the_o year_n 97._o can_v somewhat_o judge_v of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o that_o matter_n for_o what_o with_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o cliff_n the_o troublesomeness_n of_o their_o arm_n the_o soldier_n be_v so_o encumber_v that_o have_v not_o the_o enemy_n be_v more_o than_o a_o coward_n he_o may_v well_o with_o 200._o man_n have_v keep_v we_o from_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o island_n concern_v the_o third_o objection_n reason_n this_o brief_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a that_o we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o regard_v that_o our_o force_n do_v equal_a they_o in_o number_n as_o to_o see_v that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n to_o make_v it_o good_a against_o the_o enemy_n land_v for_o we_o know_v that_o in_o place_n of_o advantage_n and_o difficult_a access_n a_o small_a number_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v a_o great_a and_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o circumstance_n du_o consider_v we_o shall_v proportionable_o equal_v the_o enemy_n both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o force_n always_o presuppose_v that_o our_o state_n shall_v never_o be_v destitute_a of_o sufficient_a force_n train_v and_o exercise_v in_o a_o competent_a manner_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n from_o foreign_a enemy_n for_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o be_v to_o draw_v on_o such_o as_o of_o themselves_o be_v but_o too_o forward_o to_o make_v a_o prey_n of_o we_o and_o to_o make_v we_o unapt_a not_o only_o to_o oppose_v a_o enemy_n land_v but_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o from_o be_v overrun_v as_o other_o nation_n live_v in_o security_n without_o due_a regard_n thereof_o have_v be_v and_o this_o much_o concern_v the_o answer_n to_o those_o three_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v at_o his_o land_n now_o if_o we_o do_v but_o look_v a_o little_a into_o the_o discommodity_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o a_o enemy_n we_o shall_v easy_o discover_v the_o dangerousnesse_n of_o this_o opinion_n as_o first_o we_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o our_o country_n which_o can_v be_v prevent_v by_o any_o waste_n spoil_v or_o retire_v of_o our_o provision_n in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o country_n as_o this_o be_v especial_o consider_v that_o we_o have_v no_o strong_a town_n at_o all_o to_o repose_v ourselves_o upon_o whereof_o we_o need_v no_o further_a testimony_n then_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o out_o of_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o these_o commentary_n in_o that_o war_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o vercingetorix_n second_o obedience_n which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v willing_o give_v to_o prince_n be_v great_o weaken_v at_o such_o time_n whereby_o all_o necessary_a mean_n to_o maintain_v a_o war_n be_v hardly_o draw_v from_o the_o subject_n three_o opportunity_n be_v give_v to_o malcontent_n and_o ill_n dispose_v person_n either_o to_o make_v head_n themselves_o or_o to_o fly_v to_o the_o enemy_n four_o the_o madness_n to_o adventure_v a_o kingdom_n upon_o one_o stroke_n have_v it_o in_o our_o disposition_n to_o do_v otherwise_o with_o many_o other_o disadvantage_n which_o the_o opportunity_n of_o any_o such_o occasion_n will_v discover_v the_o second_o observation_n the_o word_n imperator_n imperator_n which_o the_o eagle-bearer_n attribute_v to_o caesar_n be_v the_o great_a title_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o a_o roman_a leader_n