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take_v throughout_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o mark_v which_o serve_v for_o the_o direction_n of_o ship_n to_o recover_v their_o wish_a harbour_n these_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n be_v remove_v unknown_a to_o the_o enemy_n may_v bring_v he_o in_o very_o great_a hazard_n of_o our_o dangerous_a rock_n and_o sand_n and_o in_o regard_v our_o seacoast_n be_v so_o large_a and_o our_o harbour_n so_o many_o as_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o we_o can_v have_v a_o army_n to_o defend_v it_o it_o be_v well_o that_o in_o place_n of_o advantage_n such_o as_o wind_a water_n be_v which_o be_v common_o slow_a and_o where_o at_o every_o turn_n they_o can_v have_v the_o help_n of_o the_o wind_n some_o more_o fort_n be_v build_v in_o such_o place_n they_o will_v endanger_v a_o enemy_n if_o he_o shall_v dare_v to_o approach_v they_o how_o ever_o they_o will_v secure_v the_o coast_n from_o rifle_v and_o rob_v by_o pirate_n as_o often_o they_o be_v in_o time_n of_o hostility_n the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n sect_n iii_o chap._n xii_o the_o abridgement_n of_o geometry_n so_o far_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o fortification_n before_o we_o can_v enter_v into_o this_o discourse_n of_o fortification_n we_o must_v first_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o abridgement_n of_o geometry_n so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o art_n wherefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o proposition_n proposition_n 1._o to_o divide_v a_o line_n equal_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o a_o b_o you_o must_v make_v two_o arch_n c_o d_o placing_z your_o compass_n at_o the_o extreme_n a_o and_o b_o close_v they_o more_o than_o half_a of_o the_o line_n your_o arch_n be_v make_v draw_v your_o line_n of_o intersection_n from_o c_o to_o d_o and_o this_o line_n shall_v equal_o divide_v in_o two_o part_n the_o line_n a_o b._n proposition_n 2._o to_o draw_v a_o perpendicule_a upon_o a_o line_n viz._n a_o line_n that_o fall_v in_o such_o sort_n upon_o another_o that_o it_o make_v two_o equal_a angle_n neither_o incline_n to_o one_o side_n nor_o the_o other_o so_o that_o it_o fall_v plumb_n as_o the_o line_n a_o b_o upon_o the_o which_o you_o must_v raise_v a_o perpendicule_a you_o must_v demean_v your_o compass_n as_o in_o the_o first_o proposition_n and_o the_o line_n c_o d_o shall_v be_v the_o perpendicule_a so_o that_o it_o fall_v right_a upon_o the_o line_n a_o b_o make_v two_o equal_a angle_n proposition_n 3._o a_o point_n give_v upon_o a_o line_n let_v fall_v a_o perpendicule_a as_o the_o point_n give_v be_v c_o upon_o the_o line_n a_o b_o you_o must_v place_v your_o compass_n in_o the_o point_n c_o and_o draw_v the_o arch_n d_o e_o then_o place_v your_o compass_n again_o in_o f_o and_o make_v the_o arch_n h_n and_o likewise_o in_o g_z make_v the_o arch_n i_o last_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n c_o which_o shall_v answer_v to_o the_o point_n k._n proposition_n 4._o to_o draw_v a_o perpendicule_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n viz._n at_o the_o point_n a_o place_n your_o compass_n make_v the_o arch_n c_o and_o d_o then_o place_v your_o compass_n in_o c_o make_v the_o arch_n e_o and_o at_o the_o point_n e_o draw_v the_o arch_n f_o g_o last_o from_o the_o point_n g_o make_v the_o arch_n h_n then_o draw_v the_o line_n i_o a_o and_o that_o shall_v be_v the_o perpendicule_a upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n b_o a_o at_o the_o point_n a._n proposition_n 5._o to_o make_v a_o line_n parallel_n by_o another_o viz._n of_o equidistance_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v draw_v never_o so_o long_o they_o shall_v never_o touch_v nor_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o let_v there_o be_v a_o
line_n draw_v as_o a_o b_o above_o the_o which_o there_o must_v be_v a_o parallel_n make_v to_o perform_v this_o place_v your_o compass_n in_o a_o make_v your_o arch_n e_o d_o place_z they_o likewise_z in_o b_o make_v the_o arch_n f_o g_o last_o you_o must_v draw_v the_o line_n i_o k_n which_o must_v touch_v the_o end_n of_o the_o two_o arch_n and_o those_o line_n shall_v be_v parallel_n or_o equidistant_n proposition_n 6._o to_o make_v one_o angle_n equal_a to_o another_o as_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o c_o of_o the_o which_o we_o desire_v to_o make_v one_o equal_a first_o draw_v the_o line_n d_o e_o then_o place_v the_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n be_v b_o make_v the_o arch_n f_o g._n likewise_o draw_v another_o arch_n in_o the_o point_n d._n last_o take_v the_o distance_n f_o g_o and_o put_v it_o from_o h_n to_o i_o draw_v the_o line_n d_o k_n which_o shall_v pass_v by_o the_o point_n i_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o angle_n k_o d_o e_o equal_a to_o a_o b_o c._n proposition_n 7._o 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consist_v of_o five_o point_n the_o fouresquare_a the_o triangle_n etc._n etc._n we_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o irregular-figure_n use_v in_o fortification_n of_o which_o the_o pentagon_n be_v the_o best_a in_o regard_n it_o have_v more_o capacity_n in_o it_o than_o the_o fouresquare_a or_o triangle_n or_o halfmoon_n etc._n etc._n the_o form_n of_o this_o figure_n have_v five_o point_n by_o reason_n of_o five_o line_n that_o divide_v the_o circumference_n in_o five_o equal_a part_n as_o by_o this_o figure_n appear_v the_o next_o irregular_a figure_n be_v the_o four_o square_a and_o be_v capable_a of_o four_o bulwark_n upon_o each_o point_n one_o and_o be_v term_v a_o sconce_n as_o the_o figure_n demonstrate_v the_o first_o regular_a figure_n be_v call_v sexagon_n because_o it_o have_v six_o equal_a side_n divide_v the_o cord_n in_o six_o point_n upon_o which_o point_n be_v six_o bulwark_n to_o be_v raise_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o distance_n your_o compass_n take_v in_o 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vndecagon_n vndecagon_n a_o figure_n of_o eleven_o side_n duodecagon_n duodecagon_n a_o figure_n of_o twelve_o side_n &_o sic_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o fortification_n because_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a that_o any_o town_n have_v more_o than_o twelve_o bulwork_n and_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o these_o figure_n be_v call_v regular_a because_o they_o have_v their_o side_n and_o their_o angle_n equal_a all_o other_o form_n be_v call_v irregular_a chap._n xiii_o how_o to_o line_n and_o stake_n out_o any_o bulworke_n upon_o a_o regular_a figure_n there_o can_v be_v no_o perfect_a fortification_n make_v without_o the_o use_n of_o these_o precedent_a figure_n as_o for_o our_o example_n the_o figure_n sexagon_n be_v to_o have_v six_o bulwork_n viz._n one_o upon_o every_o angle_n and_o so_o according_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o figure_n so_o many_o angle_n as_o many_o bulwark_n but_o first_o before_o we_o 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the_o enemy_n camp_n whereby_o he_o give_v they_o adverstisement_n in_o what_o estate_n the_o city_n stand_v hystiaeus_fw-la desire_v to_o write_v to_o aristagoras_n do_v shave_v the_o head_n of_o one_o that_o be_v his_o trusty_a servant_n and_o write_v upon_o the_o skull-skin_n the_o scope_n of_o his_o mind_n in_o certain_a brief_a character_n than_o keep_v he_o in_o his_o house_n until_o the_o hair_n be_v grow_v as_o thick_a as_o before_o then_o send_v he_o to_o aristagoras_n will_v that_o he_o shall_v cause_v his_o hair_n to_o be_v clip_v close_o at_o his_o first_o arrival_n by_o this_o he_o understand_v his_o friend_n intent_n some_o philosopher_n and_o other_o of_o great_a insight_n
keep_v still_o the_o same_o order_n that_o be_v at_o first_o appoint_v so_o that_o the_o foreman_n the_o right-hand_a man_n or_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v the_o fame_n ever_o and_o his_o weapon_n ever_o in_o the_o same_o place_n thus_o they_o lie_v in_o battalion_n be_v at_o bed_n in_o battle_n array_n when_o they_o rise_v up_o their_o arm_n be_v as_o ready_a as_o themselves_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o alarm_n they_o be_v ready_a in_o a_o moment_n to_o entertain_v their_o enemy_n to_o their_o cost_n the_o figure_n of_o this_o discourse_n you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o next_o page_n then_o afterward_o we_o shall_v describe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a camp_n with_o all_o the_o fortification_n thereunto_o belong_v a_o figure_n show_v how_o the_o swede_n inquarter_n a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n a_o figure_n of_o perfect_a strong_a encampment_n of_o a_o whole_a army_n use_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n in_o his_o late_a war_n let_v i_o request_v you_o to_o observe_v how_o the_o 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the_o describe_v how_o a_o army_n shall_v be_v encamp_v chap._n vi_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o under-officer_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o be_v give_v at_o the_o proclaim_n of_o these_o article_n follow_v i_o r._n w._n do_v here_o promise_v and_o swear_v that_o unto_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a king_n c._n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n i_o will_v be_v a_o true_a and_o faithful_a servant_n and_o soldier_n every_o manner_n of_o way_n perform_v my_o best_a endeavour_n for_o his_o majesty_n service_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o my_o power_n also_o shall_v i_o hinder_v all_o action_n prejudicial_a unto_o his_o crown_n and_o if_o i_o have_v tiding_n of_o any_o thing_n likely_a to_o be_v prejudicial_a i_o shall_v give_v his_o majesty_n or_o his_o general_n present_a notice_n thereof_o or_o some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o his_o council_n moreover_o i_o will_v do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n to_o obseve_v all_o these_o his_o majesty_n article_n of_o war_n also_o i_o shall_v behave_v myself_o manful_o in_o battle_n skirmish_n and_o entry_n of_o breach_n as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o land_n in_o all_o time_n and_o place_n when_o and_o where_o i_o shall_v be_v command_v i_o shall_v also_o keep_v watch_n and_o ward_n and_o do_v all_o other_o duty_n willing_o unto_o the_o best_a profit_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o kingdom_n wheresoever_o i_o shall_v be_v command_v by_o sea_n or_o land_n also_o i_o shall_v bear_v myself_o obedient_o towards_o my_o superior_a officer_n in_o all_o that_o they_o command_v i_o for_o his_o majesty_n service_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o i_o shall_v answer_v it_o before_o god_n and_o every_o honest_a man_n i_o shall_v not_o fly_v from_o my_o colour_n that_o i_o be_o command_v to_o follow_v so_o long_o as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o go_v after_o they_o and_o i_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o do_v this_o at_o all_o time_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n absent_v myself_o from_o they_o at_o any_o time_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o my_o life_n and_o good_n for_o the_o advance_n of_o his_o majesty_n service_n and_o endure_v all_o misery_n that_o can_v possible_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o war_n fight_v manful_o to_o the_o very_a last_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o i_o be_o able_a or_o that_o any_o valiant_a true_a soldier_n ought_v to_o do_v furthermore_o if_o hereafter_o i_o be_v put_v into_o any_o place_n of_o charge_n by_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o general_n i_o shall_v do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n fair_o to_o discharge_v my_o duty_n therein_o so_o as_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o my_o place_n this_o oath_n shall_v i_o well_o and_o true_o keep_v as_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n shall_v help_v my_o soul_n at_o the_o last_o judgement_n article_n and_o military_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o war_n sect_n xviii_o chap._n vii_o divers_a article_n and_o martial_a law_n whereby_o a_o army_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v and_o govern_v both_o in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n inprimis_fw-la army_n no_o commander_n nor_o private_a soldier_n whatsoever_o shall_v use_v any_o kind_n of_o idolatry_n witchcraft_n or_o enchant_v of_o arm_n whereby_o god_n be_v dishonour_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n 2._o if_o any_o shall_v blaspheme_v the_o name_n of_o god_n either_o drink_v or_o sober_a the_o thing_n be_v prove_v by_o two_o or_o three_o witness_n he_o shall_v suffer_v death_n without_o mercy_n 3._o if_o any_o shall_v seem_v to_o deride_v or_o scorn_v god_n word_n or_o sacrament_n and_o be_v take_v in_o the_o fact_n he_o shall_v forthwith_o be_v convent_v before_o the_o commissioner_n ecclesiastical_a to_o be_v examine_v and_o be_v find_v guilty_a he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v by_o the_o court_n of_o war_n to_o lose_v his_o head_n but_o if_o they_o be_v speak_v through_o haste_n or_o unadvised_o for_o the_o first_o offence_n he_o shall_v be_v in_o iron_n fourteen_o day_n and_o for_o the_o second_o be_v shoot_v to_o death_n 4._o if_o any_o shall_v swear_v in_o his_o anger_n by_o 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of_o the_o thing_n you_o measure_v add_v from_o the_o ground_n to_o your_o eye_n the_o contrary_a shadow_n show_v to_o measure_v all_o altitude_n without_o the_o length_n thereof_o first_o multiply_v the_o length_n of_o the_o shadow_n by_o the_o point_n or_o division_n of_o the_o scale_n where_o on_o the_o plumb-line_n fall_v then_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o 12_o the_o quotient_a thereof_o be_v the_o true_a height_n of_o the_o altitude_n in_o measure_v any_o altitude_n without_o shadow_n you_o must_v go_v as_o near_o to_o the_o same_o that_o you_o perceive_v you_o be_v within_o the_o length_n thereof_o then_o lift_v up_o your_o quadrant_n orderly_o go_v to_o eye_n or_o from_o the_o same_o until_o you_o espy_v the_o top_n of_o the_o altitude_n through_o the_o visual_a hole_n than_o the_o thread_n fall_v upon_o the_o part_n 12_o stand_v upright_o with_o your_o body_n at_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o foot_n make_v a_o mark_n then_o go_v direct_o backward_o from_o the_o same_o until_o 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measure_v the_o distance_n of_o then_o espy_v the_o mark_n through_o the_o visual_a sight_n at_o that_o place_n or_o station_n set_v up_o a_o staff_n then_o turn_v your_o body_n round_o not_o alter_v neither_o rule_n nor_o quadrant_n by_o the_o line_n of_o level_n then_o through_o the_o visual_a sight_n make_v choice_n of_o some_o other_o mark_v athwart_o the_o â—rst_a and_o set_v up_o the_o second_o staff_n the_o distance_n whereof_o suppose_v to_o be_v 60_o foot_n then_o come_v to_o the_o first_o station_n where_o the_o quadrant_n be_v place_v view_v through_o the_o visual_a sight_n upon_o the_o rule_n some_o other_o mark_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n back_o from_o the_o first_o station_n the_o distance_n whereof_o suppose_v to_o be_v 100_o foot_n and_o there_o place_v a_o three_o staff_n so_o as_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o staff_n will_v be_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o mark_n then_o remove_v the_o quadrant_n to_o the_o three_o station_n turn_v the_o right_a angle_n or_o line_n of_o level_n overthwart_a towards_o the_o second_o station_n so_o as_o the_o visual_a line_n may_v be_v paralel_v to_o the_o line_n that_o cross_v from_o the_o first_o station_n to_o the_o second_o there_o you_o must_v place_v a_o four_o staff_n so_o as_o the_o visual_a line_n pass_v from_o the_o same_o and_o run_v by_o the_o second_o staff_n may_v cross_v the_o mark_n or_o end_n in_o a_o point_n there_o with_o the_o first_o visual_a line_n the_o distance_n between_o these_o two_o last_o station_n suppose_v to_o be_v 65_o foot_n the_o staff_n be_v thus_o orderly_o place_v you_o must_v abate_v 60_o foot_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o staff_n or_o station_n from_o 65_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o three_o and_o four_o staff_n or_o station_n the_o remainder_n be_v 5_o for_o your_o devisor_n then_o multiply_v the_o say_v 65_o by_o 100_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o three_o there_o arise_v 6500_o the_o which_o divide_v by_o 5_o the_o quotient_n be_v 1300_o foot_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o first_o staff_n to_o the_o mark_n observe_v this_o figure_n follow_v where_o the_o tower_n represent_v the_o mark_n the_o vnit._n 1._o the_o first_o staff_n or_o station_n the_o figure_n 2_o the_o second_a staff_n the_o figure_n 3_o the_o three_o staff_n and_o the_o figure_n 4_o the_o four_o staff_n or_o you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o distance_n to_o any_o mark_n near_o hand_n by_o the_o quadrant_a and_o gunner_n staff_n divide_v into_o even_a portion_n first_o place_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o quadrant_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o staff_n it_o be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o then_o through_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o rule_n view_v the_o mark_n you_o desire_v to_o measure_v let_v a_o long_a thread_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o quadrant_a whereon_o the_o plumline_n hang_v which_o thread_n must_v be_v draw_v alongst_o the_o line_n of_o level_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o quadrant_a 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a_o work_n in_o a_o most_o concise_a and_o exquisite_a way_n for_o the_o which_o our_o kingdom_n be_v much_o bind_v to_o he_o chap._n lxxviii_o how_o the_o commander_n shall_v draw_v their_o file_n both_o of_o musquetier_n and_o pike_n and_o join_v they_o in_o one_o body_n fit_a to_o be_v exercise_v in_o gross_a you_o have_v see_v every_o soldier_n perform_v his_o posture_n well_o than_o you_o must_v draw_v out_o the_o file-leader_n of_o the_o right-hand-file_n with_o his_o whole_a file_n command_v every_o file-leader_n successive_o to_o draw_v up_o his_o file_n either_o of_o other_o and_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o body_n command_v they_o to_o advance_v their_o pike_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o lieutenant_n or_o some_o other_o officer_n
three_o or_o four_o pistol_n to_o be_v discharge_v first_o a_o good_a distance_n off_o then_o near_o hand_n according_a as_o your_o horse_n begin_v to_o abide_v they_o during_o which_o time_n forget_v not_o to_o make_v much_o of_o he_o likewise_o every_o morning_n before_o he_o be_v dress_v discharge_v a_o musket_n or_o two_o and_o sound_v a_o trumpet_n and_o beat_v a_o charge_n with_o your_o drum_n and_o then_o when_o he_o be_v patient_a feed_v he_o and_o cherish_v he_o the_o groom_n may_v sometime_o dress_v he_o in_o bright_a armour_n he_o may_v be_v use_v to_o eat_v his_o oat_n from_o off_o the_o drum_n head_n you_o may_v ride_v he_o against_o a_o armour_n place_v upon_o a_o stake_n that_o he_o may_v overthrow_v it_o and_o trample_v it_o under_o his_o foot_n every_o horseman_n that_o do_v not_o observe_v these_o brief_a observation_n and_o fit_v himself_o and_o his_o horse_n in_o all_o respect_n before_o he_o come_v to_o be_v train_v they_o will_v prove_v both_o unfit_a for_o service_n neither_o will_v i_o wish_v any_o captain_n to_o approve_v either_o of_o man_n or_o horse_n that_o in_o some_o reasonable_a manner_n have_v not_o attain_v to_o this_o perfection_n for_o a_o ox_n well_o manage_v may_v in_o possibility_n do_v better_a service_n than_o a_o ill_o ride_v wresty_n horse_n neither_o can_v any_o security_n or_o reputation_n be_v expect_v by_o any_o service_n they_o shall_v undertake_v if_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o diligent_a to_o see_v their_o troop_n well_o order_v and_o demean_v thus_o premise_v every_o horseman_n be_v or_o will_v be_v in_o this_o nature_n qualify_v we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o exercise_v of_o private_a troop_n and_o brief_o show_v all_o their_o posture_n and_o how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v imbattel_v but_o first_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o give_v a_o touch_n about_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o arm_v both_o of_o curassier_n harquebuzire_n carabine_n and_o dragoone_n as_o follow_v chap._n cvii_o how_o the_o horse_n troop_n ought_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v by_o their_o several_a arm_n apt_a and_o fit_a for_o divers_a service_n and_o what_o proportion_n of_o cavalry_n ought_v to_o be_v join_v with_o the_o infantry_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v how_o our_o general_n of_o late_a age_n have_v divide_v their_o horse_n troop_n into_o four_o several_a kind_n proper_a for_o divers_a service_n and_o according_o their_o arming_n be_v suitable_a to_o their_o office_n as_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o câ—irassier_n harquebuzier_n carbine_n dragoone_n be_v chief_o defensive_a offensive_a offensive_a and_o defensive_a the_o light_n arm_v which_o be_v the_o harquebuzier_n carabine_n and_o dragoone_n be_v employ_v to_o begin_v a_o charge_n against_o the_o infantry_n distance_n upon_o flank_n and_o rear_v at_o once_o the_o front_n be_v dangerous_a if_o the_o two_o army_n of_o foot_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v then_o the_o heavy_a arm_a viz._n the_o cuirassier_n shall_v take_v the_o advantage_n of_o such_o disorder_n as_o be_v procure_v by_o the_o light_n arm_v for_o their_o complete_a arm_n be_v efficatious_a to_o defend_v their_o body_n from_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n the_o better_a to_o thrust_v in_o among_o they_o the_o light_n arm_v be_v also_o more_o apt_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v send_v upon_o service_n that_o require_v expedition_n which_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v unfit_a to_o perform_v for_o the_o cuirassier_n be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v capapè_fw-la with_o a_o good_a buff_n coat_n to_o preserve_v his_o body_n from_o the_o pinch_n of_o his_o ponderous_a armour_n his_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v fifteen_o hand_n high_a and_o upward_o he_o be_v also_o to_o have_v his_o bedee_n nag_n and_o a_o boy_n to_o carry_v his_o arm_n and_o snapsack_n and_o to_o get_v he_o forage_v for_o his_o horse_n his_o saddle_n and_o bit_n must_v be_v strong_a and_o good_a whereunto_o must_v be_v fix_v upon_o each_o side_n of_o it_o a_o case_n of_o good_a firelocke_n pistol_n they_o the_o barrel_n be_v full_a eighteen_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o bear_v of_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o bullet_n in_o the_o pound_n with_o his_o spanner_n and_o flask_n box_v a_o good_a sword_n and_o a_o scarf_n over_o his_o arm_n to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o the_o enemy_n his_o service_n in_o the_o war_n be_v chief_o defensive_a as_o for_o the_o proportion_n which_o the_o horse_n shall_v bear_v to_o the_o foot_n there_o be_v divers_a of_o sundry_a opinion_n but_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n use_v to_o allow_v three_o to_o ten_o or_o twelve_o at_o most_o viz._n 3000._o horse_n to_o 1000_o or_o 12000._o foot_n and_o every_o troop_n consist_v of_o five_o score_n horse_n which_o be_v order_v twenty_o in_o rank_n and_o five_o deep_a in_o file_n the_o which_o custom_n they_o use_v the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o again_o they_o be_v opiniated_a that_o in_o regard_n each_o horse_n man_n have_v two_o pistol_n they_o may_v perfect_v their_o fight_n as_o well_o as_o a_o troop_n of_o musquetier_n that_o be_v ten_o deep_a in_o â—yle_a have_v but_o one_o musket_n apiece_o but_o from_o this_o have_v proceed_v many_o inconvenience_n as_o captain_n beumount_n have_v observe_v wherefore_o his_o advice_n be_v to_o have_v the_o horse_n troop_n consist_v of_o six_o score_n so_o they_o may_v be_v rank_v twenty_o in_o breast_n and_o six_o deep_a in_o file_n they_o be_v then_o more_o apt_a and_o proper_a to_o double_v their_o rank_n whereby_o their_o front_n may_v be_v extend_v or_o if_o be_v in_o skirmish_n with_o the_o enemy_n any_o shot_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o to_o give_v fire_n upon_o they_o in_o the_o rear_n then_o the_o two_o hindmost_a rank_n of_o a_o horse_n may_v peckiere_v about_o and_o put_v they_o to_o retreat_n and_o the_o four_o foremost_a rank_n in_o the_o front_n may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o prosecute_v their_o fight_n wherefore_o my_o discourse_n shall_v be_v to_o show_v you_o how_o the_o troop_n consist_v of_o 120._o horse_n rank_v twenty_o in_o breast_n and_o six_o deep_a in_o file_n shall_v be_v exercise_v and_o fit_v for_o the_o war_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judicious_a commander_n to_o take_v his_o choice_n chap._n cviii_o how_o the_o harquebuzier_n and_o the_o carbine_n ought_v to_o demean_v themselves_o these_o kind_n of_o horse_n man_n be_v to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o open_a cask_n gorget_n back_n and_o breast_n more_o than_o pistol_n proof_n with_o good_a buff_n coat_n to_o preserve_v their_o body_n from_o bruise_v their_o harquebuss_n be_v to_o be_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n their_o bore_n of_o seventeen_o bullet_n to_o the_o pound_n about_o their_o neck_n a_o strong_a leather_n belt_n with_o a_o swivell_n to_o hang_v the_o ring_n of_o their_o piece_n upon_o a_o flask_n and_o touch_v box_n and_o pistol_n like_v to_o the_o cuirassier_n their_o horse_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v under_o the_o size_n of_o fifteen_o hand_n in_o height_n when_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o general_n or_o troop_n through_o the_o street_n of_o a_o town_n they_o place_v the_o but_o end_n upon_o their_o right_a thigh_n and_o their_o right_a hand_n grasp_a the_o barrel_n towards_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o the_o lock_n towards_o their_o body_n otherwise_o in_o their_o march_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o they_o hang_v down_o by_o their_o side_n likewise_o the_o carbine_n require_v a_o small_a horse_n a_o fair_a buff_n coat_n his_o carabine_n twenty_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o bear_v of_o twenty_o four_o bullet_n to_o the_o pound_n and_o he_o be_v to_o demean_v himself_o upon_o all_o point_n like_o the_o harquebus_n have_v his_o sword_n in_o a_o strong_a belt_n flask_n and_o touch_n box_n chap._n cix_o how_o the_o dragoone_n ought_v to_o arm_v and_o demean_v themselves_o the_o dragoone_n be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o foot_n company_n consist_v of_o pike_n and_o musket_n only_o for_o their_o quick_a expedition_n they_o be_v mount_v upon_o horse_n they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o passage_n and_o forde_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o swiftness_n they_o may_v prevent_v the_o enemy_n foot_n and_o gain_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o hinder_v their_o passage_n their_o pike_n be_v to_o have_v thong_n of_o leather_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o for_o the_o easy_a carriage_n of_o they_o the_o musket_n be_v to_o have_v a_o broad_a strong_a belt_n fasten_v to_o the_o stock_n of_o they_o well_o near_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o whereby_o he_o hang_v it_o upon_o his_o back_n when_o he_o ride_v hold_v his_o match_n and_o bridle_v in_o his_o left_a hand_n any_o horse_n if_o he_o be_v swift_a will_v perform_v this_o service_n in_o regard_n they_o alight_v and_o do_v their_o service_n a_o foot_n so_o that_o when_o ten_o man_n alight_v the_o eleven_o hold_v
they_o in_o footman_n 2000_o of_o curassier_n 300._o of_o harquebuzier_n 400._o the_o residue_n of_o the_o carbine_n and_o dragon_n 500_o with_o their_o colonel_n and_o their_o officer_n the_o colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o cavalliary_a may_v be_v quarter_v at_o the_o head_n of_o their_o regiment_n as_o you_o may_v behold_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o camp_n those_o mark_v g._n be_v for_o the_o colonel_n of_o the_o foot_n h._n for_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o light-horse-man_n or_o harquebuzier_n i._o for_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o curassier_n or_o lance_n k._n for_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o carbine_n and_o dragon_n so_o there_o remain_v regiment_n of_o a_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a and_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n long_o for_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v quarter_v in_o which_o may_v by_o small_a street_n of_o five_o pace_n broad_a be_v divide_v into_o as_o many_o space_n as_o there_o be_v several_a bond_n in_o every_o regiment_n these_o last_o division_n of_o bond_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o figure_n because_o in_o so_o small_a a_o plot_n it_o will_v breed_v confusion_n this_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o shoot_v be_v lodge_v towards_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o camp_n that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o readiness_n to_o answer_v the_o alarm_n the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o divide_v the_o utmost_a seven_o regiment_n into_o half_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n by_o the_o prick_a line_n leave_v the_o seven_o space_n mark_v with_o l._n for_o 7000._o shoot_v and_o the_o other_o with_o m._n for_o 7000._o pike_n all_o the_o other_o regiment_n mark_v with_o n._n be_v likewise_o for_o pike_n and_o musket_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 16000_o thus_o you_o see_v in_o the_o north_n moiety_n of_o this_o camp_n be_v quarter_v all_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n the_o other_o half_o of_o this_o camp_n must_v serve_v for_o the_o quarter_a of_o the_o unarmed_a as_o pioner_n carter_n carpenter_n smith_n sutler_n butcher_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o mechanical_a artificer_n together_o with_o a_o large_a place_n of_o assembly_n for_o the_o soldier_n to_o retire_v unto_o to_o put_v themselves_o in_o order_n upon_o any_o alarm_n as_o also_o to_o exercise_v themselves_o in_o sundry_a sort_n of_o activity_n you_o shall_v therefore_o from_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o general_n pavilion_n six_o hundred_o pace_n southward_o extend_v out_o your_o first_o main_a street_n of_o forty_o pace_n broad_a and_o cross_v it_o again_o with_o another_o street_n run_v east_n and_o west_n three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n distant_a from_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o general_n pavilion_n this_o street_n need_v be_v but_o thirty_o pace_n in_o breadth_n again_o extend_v the_o second_o narrow_a street_n that_o run_v parallel_v to_o the_o first_o main_a street_n until_o you_o come_v to_o this_o cross_a street_n last_o make_v so_o have_v you_o o._n your_o place_n of_o assembly_n three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o pace_n broad_a and_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o pace_n long_o p._n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o munition_n and_o officer_n attend_v upon_o the_o artillery_n q._n be_v the_o marke-place_n and_o round_o about_o this_o marketplace_n may_v be_v lodge_v the_o butcher_n baker_n cook_n and_o victualler_n of_o all_o sort_n about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o assembly_n may_v be_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o such_o as_o furnish_v the_o camp_n with_o thing_n needful_a for_o the_o soldier_n as_o armourer_n tailor_n shoemaker_n and_o the_o like_a there_o still_o remain_v two_o long_a square_n of_o earth_n either_o of_o they_o 540._o pace_n long_o and_o 190._o pace_n broad_a here_o the_o cart_n and_o wagon_n with_o the_o horse_n and_o ox_n for_o the_o carriage_n themselves_o must_v always_o impale_v that_o part_n of_o the_o camp_n that_o be_v not_o fortify_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n the_o pioner_n likewise_o may_v be_v quarter_v in_o this_o camp_n last_o you_o shall_v line_v out_o 60._o pace_n distant_a 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forward_o save_v the_o first_o which_o stand_v the_o second_o rank_n be_v advance_v up_o to_o its_o distance_n stand_v so_o all_o the_o rest_n when_o the_o horse_n be_v to_o wheel_n the_o commander_n must_v take_v a_o reasonable_a compass_n for_o they_o can_v possible_o do_v it_o in_o such_o exact_a manner_n as_o the_o foot_n for_o they_o must_v be_v allow_v a_o far_o great_a space_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o combersomenes_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o perform_v this_o motion_n all_o the_o body_n move_v to_o the_o left_a upon_o the_o left_a file_n leader_n as_o the_o centre_n the_o wheel_a to_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o ready_a way_n unless_o some_o impediment_n hinder_v wherefore_o that_o be_v first_o nominate_v although_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o begin_v with_o the_o right_n the_o wheel_a to_o the_o right_n be_v for_o brevity_n omit_v to_o reduce_v they_o wheel_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v there_o be_v also_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v about_o 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rhombe_n rank_v but_o not_o file_v leo_fw-la chap._n 5._o sect._n 3._o and_o cap._n 6._o sect._n 39_o leo_fw-la cap_n 7._o sect._n 81_o cap._n 14._o sect._n 70._o leo_fw-la cap_n 14._o sect._n 108_o 109._o plutarch_n in_o liâ—urgo_n leo_fw-la cap._n 12._o sect._n 4â—_n their_o horse_n troop_n charge_v the_o enemy_n in_o phalang_n and_o not_o by_o rank_n as_o we_o do_v leo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la read_v bingham_n upon_o aliens_n tactic_n pag._n 106._o caesar_n against_o pompey_n do_v the_o like_a and_o eâ—aâ—mondas_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n soâ—e_fw-la general_n have_v 〈…〉_z range_v 〈…〉_z second_o 〈…〉_z by_o a_o large_a 〈…〉_z â—ront_v 〈…〉_z but_o 〈…〉_z flank_n 〈…〉_z battle_n to_z 〈…〉_z infantry_n not_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n foot_n troop_n
be_v to_o make_v incursion_n upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o discover_v his_o march_n and_o design_n moreover_o there_o must_v be_v good_a store_n of_o ordnance_n service_n especial_o some_o piece_n for_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v better_a servive_fw-la than_o the_o great_a canon_n in_o two_o respect_n as_o first_o the_o expense_n of_o powder_n will_v be_v less_o second_o they_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v the_o well_o manage_v and_o ordering_n in_o such_o a_o fort_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n for_o we_o must_v conceive_v a_o enemy_n be_v at_o three_o time_n the_o expense_n let_v he_o be_v as_o provident_a as_o he_o can_v further_o the_o enemy_n be_v constrain_v to_o lose_v his_o time_n and_o spend_v his_o mean_n and_o treasure_n by_o bring_v a_o army_n against_o they_o which_o shall_v either_o cause_v they_o to_o raise_v their_o siege_n as_o grave_a maurice_n van_n nassaw_n do_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o bergen-up-zone_n he_o march_v his_o army_n to_o rosandâ—ll_v cause_v marquesse_n spinola_n to_o raise_v his_o siege_n otherwise_o a_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v take_v as_o the_o same_o noble_a prince_n once_o do_v ost-end_n be_v beleaguer_v he_o think_v to_o have_v raise_v the_o siege_n of_o duke_n john_n de_fw-fr austria_n find_v he_o so_o strong_o entrench_v retreat_v with_o his_o army_n and_o pitch_v before_o sluice_n and_o sudden_o take_v it_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v the_o property_n of_o a_o strong_a garrison_n how_o necessary_a they_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n such_o imperfection_n as_o can_v be_v eschew_v must_v be_v bear_v withal_o seek_v to_o prevent_v they_o in_o the_o best_a and_o safe_a manner_n we_o may_v i_o hope_v this_o discourse_n will_v give_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n to_o any_o man_n that_o be_v a_o ingenuous_a soldier_n as_o for_o other_o i_o leave_v they_o to_o censure_v like_o themselves_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n we_o will_v discourse_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o modern_a fortification_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o four_o kind_n of_o fortify_v now_o in_o use_n french_a spanish_a italian_a and_o holland_n and_o first_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o fortify_v in_o france_n have_v former_o speak_v of_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o fortification_n and_o how_o they_o have_v be_v reduce_v from_o imperfect_a to_o better_a form_n but_o because_o all_o man_n opinion_n and_o judgement_n be_v various_a and_o not_o a_o like_o assent_v one_o esteem_v one_o fashion_n to_o be_v best_a and_o other_o of_o a_o quite_o contrary_a conceit_n maintain_v that_o another_o form_n be_v better_a therefore_o principal_o i_o have_v make_v choice_n to_o discourse_v of_o and_o decipher_v these_o four_o kind_n of_o fortifying_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o these_o country_n lie_v open_a to_o their_o enemy_n have_v be_v very_o ingenuous_a to_o fortify_v their_o town_n for_o their_o better_a security_n very_o strong_o for_o in_o such_o place_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o great_a consequence_n belong_v to_o state_n affair_n than_o a_o absolute_a form_n in_o fortify_v and_o in_o discourse_v of_o their_o several_a invention_n we_o will_v compare_v the_o property_n and_o improperty_n of_o they_o together_o and_o so_o follow_v the_o best_a form_n and_o eschew_v the_o worst_a fortification_n the_o french_a be_v opinionate_a the_o face_n of_o the_o bulworke_n shall_v be_v defend_v by_o musketeer_n therefore_o they_o will_v not_o have_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o flank_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bulworke_n to_o be_v of_o great_a distance_n than_o musket-shot_a which_o be_v not_o above_o 120._o pace_n pace_n likewise_o they_o will_v have_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o bulworke_n to_o be_v take_v only_o from_o the_o flank_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bulworke_n be_v more_o obtuse_a then_o if_o they_o shall_v take_v the_o defence_n from_o the_o curtin_n and_o so_o consequent_o more_o firm_a and_o strong_a for_o to_o resist_v the_o battery_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v a_o good_a mote_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o parapet_n run_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o which_o between_o the_o two_o bulwark_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o work_n for_o soldier_n to_o defend_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o flank_n which_o they_o term_v cune_n this_o mote_n be_v to_o be_v full_a of_o water_n at_o deusbrough_n in_o gelderland_n they_o raise_v in_o the_o mote_n in_o the_o equal_a distance_n between_o the_o bulwork_n only_o a_o kind_n of_o half_a moon_n extend_v itself_o like_a to_o this_o figure_n these_o kind_n of_o work_n they_o hold_v very_o necessary_a to_o prevent_v a_o enemy_n from_o any_o sudden_a surprise_v by_o lay_v over_o bridge_n or_o come_v over_o in_o leather_n boat_n a_o continual_a watch_n be_v keep_v there_o prevent_v their_o design_n the_o figure_n follow_v chap._n xxvii_o how_o the_o french_a fortify_v their_o irregular_a figure_n upon_o a_o line_n of_o 100_o toise_n they_o will_v have_v form_v a_o single_a tenaille_n upon_o a_o line_n of_o 100_o or_o 150._o toise_n foot_n they_o will_v have_v raise_v two_o bastion_n upon_o a_o line_n of_o a_o 150._o or_o 200._o toise_n they_o raise_v a_o double_a tenaille_n or_o two_o half_a bulwork_n upon_o a_o line_n of_o 250._o toise_n they_o raise_v one_o bastion_n and_o two_o half_a bastion_n for_o better_a demonstration_n of_o this_o we_o will_v suppose_v a_o irregular_a piece_n of_o ground_n to_o be_v fortify_v as_o q_o r_o s_o t_o v_o and_o in_o regard_n no_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v lose_v we_o must_v first_o consider_v all_o the_o several_a measure_n at_o the_o out-most_a side_n of_o it_o and_o first_o draw_v a_o right_a line_n as_o a_o b_o of_o 250._o toise_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o line_n follow_v these_o precedent_a rule_n they_o raise_v there_o one_o bastion_n and_o two_o half_n take_v from_o the_o octagon_n look_v at_o the_o point_n a._n likewise_o from_o the_o point_n a_o draw_v a_o line_n from_o a._n p_o of_o 150._o toise_n or_o thereabouts_o upon_o the_o which_o they_o raise_v two_o half_a bastion_n then_o draw_v the_o line_n p_o o_o upon_o the_o which_o they_o raise_v one_o bastion_n and_o two_o half_n according_a as_o the_o first_o be_v and_o also_o as_o the_o line_n o_o x_o have_v and_o also_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v find_v the_o length_n or_o distance_n many_o time_n they_o desire_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o curtin_n next_o after_o this_o follow_a figure_n i_o shall_v draw_v another_o figure_n that_o shall_v demonstrate_v that_o kind_n of_o flank_v from_o the_o curtin_n moreover_o when_o your_o french_a engineere_n fortify_v a_o irregulrr_n figure_n and_o that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o curtain_n then_o suppose_v the_o place_n to_o be_v fortify_v to_o be_v b_o a_o p_o l_o n_o m._n o_o and_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v set_v in_o the_o outmost_a verge_n of_o the_o ground_n must_v serve_v for_o the_o curtine_n whole_o the_o figure_n be_v proportion_v as_o you_o see_v the_o next_o follow_v be_v they_o draw_v a_o line_n from_o c_o d_o e_o f_o of_o 400._o toise_n where_o they_o find_v there_o must_v be_v raise_v upon_o the_o same_o line_n one_o bastion_n and_o two_o half_n and_o one_o simple_a tenaille_n viz._n the_o bastion_n e_o the_o two_o half_a one_o d_o and_o f_o and_o the_o single_a tenaille_n d_o c_o and_o have_v draw_v the_o line_n round_o the_o town_n leave_v sufficient_a distance_n between_o the_o wall_n for_o to_o raise_v the_o bastion_n then_o they_o take_v the_o space_n of_o 100_o or_o 110._o toise_n from_o the_o flank_n of_o one_o bulworke_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o other_o thus_o every_o bastion_n will_v stand_v right_a within_o musket-shot_a to_o be_v defend_v as_o the_o regular_a figure_n be_v this_o they_o use_v only_o for_o the_o fortify_v of_o some_o old_a wall_n in_o haste_n and_o without_o much_o charge_n otherwise_o a_o rampart_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o earth_n and_o these_o work_v make_v to_o it_o the_o figure_n follow_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n fortify_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n fortify_v differ_v nothing_o from_o the_o french_a for_o they_o hold_v the_o same_o rule_n viz._n they_o take_v their_o defence_n from_o the_o flank_n and_o they_o observe_v the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o flank_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bulworke_n only_o they_o use_v great_a compass_v shoulder_n to_o cover_v their_o flank_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o figure_n follow_v mark_v a._n note_v that_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o fortify_v must_v have_v a_o special_a regard_n to_o the_o matter_n he_o intend_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o to_o the_o potency_n of_o his_o enemy_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v apply_v
a_o convenient_a remedy_n to_o every_o thing_n that_o shall_v require_v it_o for_o if_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o puissant_a politic_a enemy_n we_o must_v spare_v no_o cost_n and_o charge_n not_o only_o to_o fortify_v but_o also_o to_o make_v the_o work_v large_a and_o spacious_a and_o of_o able_a strength_n to_o resist_v the_o batter_a canon_n to_o the_o end_n likewise_o they_o may_v make_v divers_a re-intrenchments_a lest_o it_o shall_v happen_v as_o once_o it_o do_v to_o the_o spaniard_n at_o the_o fort_n call_v the_o golette_n which_o be_v make_v to_o keep_v the_o haven_n for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n but_o have_v by_o experience_n find_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o form_v it_o their_o error_n be_v in_o make_v the_o bulwark_n too_o little_a so_o that_o when_o the_o turk_n come_v with_o his_o great_a army_n there_o can_v not_o man_n be_v place_v to_o defend_v it_o as_o we_o shall_v afterward_o discourse_v of_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n of_o the_o perfection_n of_o it_o as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o because_o in_o the_o just_a proportion_n thereof_o depend_v the_o conservation_n of_o the_o fortress_n wherefere_o now_o we_o use_v to_o make_v our_o bulwark_n large_a when_o we_o first_o raise_v they_o for_o shall_v they_o be_v too_o small_a there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o if_o our_o enemy_n be_v but_o weak_a in_o his_o force_n in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o be_v at_o that_o cost_n and_o labour_n to_o make_v our_o work_n so_o large_a only_o the_o wall_n raise_v with_o earth_n and_o palizadoe_v about_o with_o bulwark_n without_o shoulder_n likewise_o the_o outwork_n as_o halfmoon_n and_o horneworke_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v spare_v so_o that_o the_o work_n be_v make_v according_a to_o rule_n and_o the_o mote_n full_a of_o water_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o surprise_v it_o view_v the_o figure_n follow_v chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o venetian_n manner_n of_o fortification_n the_o venetian_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n the_o rule_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o spaniard_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o defence_n they_o have_v small_a difference_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o that_o admirable_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o crete_n name_v nicolia_n with_o his_o bulwark_n well_o order_v only_o they_o be_v too_o little_a not_o have_v space_n sufficient_a in_o they_o for_o retrenchment_n the_o turk_n besiege_v it_o and_o win_v it_o with_o the_o fort_n of_o fumogasta_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n of_o crete_n which_o the_o turk_n possess_v to_o this_o day_n they_o find_v the_o inconvenience_n incident_a to_o these_o small_a work_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v their_o work_n more_o spacious_a in_o the_o town_n of_o palma_n la_fw-fr nova_fw-la upon_o the_o flank_n thereof_o they_o may_v place_v more_o man_n for_o defence_n and_o likewise_o they_o may_v reintrench_a the_o often_o for_o their_o enemy_n the_o turk_n be_v most_o potent_a and_o likewise_o the_o emperor_n wherefore_o they_o make_v spacious_a bulwark_n which_o they_o term_v bulwark_n royal_a viz._n large_a spacious_a work_n with_o large_a bouted_a shoulder_n as_o the_o figure_n follow_v will_n better_o instruct_v you_o chap._n xxx_o a_o comparison_n between_o the_o rule_n of_o fortification_n handle_v in_o this_o treatise_n with_o the_o rule_n of_o other_o with_o certain_a answer_n to_o divers_a objection_n in_o fortification_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o fortification_n we_o have_v full_o describe_v the_o rule_n how_o to_o fortify_v after_o the_o low-country_n manner_n be_v the_o most_o absolute_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v we_o will_v not_o lose_v the_o time_n to_o repeat_v it_o again_o they_o be_v draw_v with_o the_o same_o proportion_n that_o at_o this_o day_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o place_n in_o europe_n that_o be_v famous_a for_o fortification_n and_o in_o our_o progression_n we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o make_v some_o comparison_n betwixt_o our_o modern_a way_n of_o fortify_v and_o the_o ancient_a manner_n former_o use_v from_o thence_o we_o shall_v draw_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o perfection_n of_o this_o art_n how_o far_o it_o exceed_v the_o write_n and_o practice_n of_o former_a age_n first_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o spanish_a and_o french_a and_o by_o the_o way_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o opposition_n that_o the_o french_a will_v have_v about_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n in_o their_o fortification_n the_o principal_a enginieres_n in_o france_n as_o also_o errard_n the_o barledce_n which_o have_v write_v of_o fortification_n and_o he_o will_v have_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o bulworke_n to_o to_o be_v 100_o toise_n which_o be_v 120._o venetian_n pace_n that_o be_v 60._o foot_n english_a by_o the_o rule_n foot_n 12._o inch_n to_o each_o foot_n to_o the_o end_n say_v he_o that_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v with_o musket_n allege_v further_o that_o the_o canon_n can_v do_v no_o great_a hurt_n or_o damage_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o shot_n and_o because_o they_o can_v be_v discharge_v so_o often_o as_o the_o musket_n but_o there_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o intermission_n betwixt_o shot_n and_o shoot_v he_o further_o oppose_v that_o the_o defence_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o flank_n because_o say_v he_o it_o make_v the_o bulworke_n more_o obtuse_a in_o his_o angle-flanke_n to_o these_o opposition_n we_o must_v make_v answer_n altogether_o because_o the_o remedy_n of_o one_o of_o these_o fault_n depend_v upon_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o first_o we_o must_v know_v and_o hold_v for_o a_o maxim_n infallible_a that_o no_o fortress_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v with_o all_o advantage_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v against_o a_o great_a number_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v the_o advantage_n must_v be_v so_o great_a that_o one_o man_n may_v resist_v ten_o this_o be_v take_v for_o a_o ground_n and_o rule_n we_o come_v now_o to_o confute_v this_o french_a opinion_n viz_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n they_o hold_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v above_o 100_o toise_n or_o sixty_o foot_n english_a or_o 120_o to_o be_v the_o most_o because_o say_v he_o 120_o or_o 144._o toise_n be_v the_o further_a a_o musket_n can_v shoot_v to_o defend_v with_o they_o further_o the_o canon_n they_o allege_v be_v of_o small_a validity_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o uncertainty_n in_o shoot_v so_o that_o it_o do_v small_a damage_n to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o french_a enginieres_n will_v maintain_v this_o argument_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v the_o flank_n make_v they_o so_o small_a for_o the_o lodging_n of_o musketeer_n in_o they_o but_o i_o say_v that_o can_v be_v do_v because_o they_o must_v be_v large_a to_o lodge_v far_o more_o soldier_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o fortress_n for_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v 17._o toise_n large_a with_o the_o shoulder_n as_o mr._n errard_n intend_v to_o give_v to_o each_o flank_n which_o amount_v to_o some_o 20._o pace_n 5._o foot_n to_o each_o pace_n and_o this_o be_v but_o capable_a to_o lodge_v 34._o soldier_n on_o the_o say_a flank_n allow_v 3._o foot_n distance_n for_o each_o soldier_n to_o use_v his_o arm_n in_o now_o do_v but_o observe_v how_o the_o enemy_n will_v have_v a_o wonderful_a advantage_n by_o make_v his_o approach_n in_o his_o roll_a trench_n and_o mine_n under_o the_o earth_n which_o shall_v bring_v they_o to_o the_o counterscarpe_a where_o be_v arrive_v they_o can_v raise_v their_o battery_n and_o cause_v their_o ordnance_n to_o beat_v continual_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o musketeer_n that_o defend_v the_o flank_n or_o the_o place_n that_o be_v to_o be_v assault_v so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v able_a to_o make_v resistance_n or_o to_o do_v they_o any_o hurt_n from_o the_o wall_n beside_o the_o mote_n be_v large_a the_o enemy_n may_v lodge_v in_o his_o work_n three_o time_n as_o many_o soldier_n which_o shall_v continual_o shoot_v against_o the_o hanke_n of_o the_o fort_n and_o keep_v they_o under_o so_o that_o their_o defence_n will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n moreover_o the_o enemy_n have_v raise_v his_o battery_n within_o distance_n reason_n he_o will_v soon_o beat_v those_o musketeer_n from_o off_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o bulworke_n cause_v they_o to_o retreat_v they_o have_v then_o but_o the_o space_n which_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o flank_n be_v but_o 6._o or_o 7._o toise_n which_o be_v but_o distance_n enough_o for_o 12._o or_o 14._o soldier_n how_o do_v you_o think_v then_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v 300._o which_o shall_v be_v upon_o the_o counter-scarp_a and_o under_o it_o furthermore_o i_o demand_v if_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o flank_n defend_v with_o ordnance_n how_o