Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	hand_n	left_a	1,887	5	10.0196	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54729	The first book of architecture, by Andrea Palladio. Translated out of Italian: with an appendix touching doors and windows, by Dr Le Muet architect to the French King: translated out of French by G.R. Also rules and demonstrations, with several designs for the framing of any manner of roofs either above pitch or under pitch, whether square or bevel, never published before. With designes of floors of variety of small pieces of wood, lately made in the pallace of the Queen Mother, at Sommerset-House; a curiosity never practiced in England before; Quattro libri dell'architettura. English	Palladio, Andrea, 1508-1580.; Le Muet, Pierre, 1591-1669. Divers traictez d'architecture pour l'art de bien bastir. aut; Richards, Godfrey.	1668 (1668)	Wing P205; ESTC R220416	50,205	249

wing_n and_o side_n or_o on_o the_o front_n they_o serve_v for_o many_o accommodation_n as_o walk_v eat_v and_o other_o divertisement_n and_o they_o be_v make_v big_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o greatness_n and_o conveniency_n of_o the_o build_n but_o ordinary_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v less_o than_o 16.18_o and_o 20._o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o in_o great_a building_n unto_o 24._o and_o their_o length_n at_o least_o five_o time_n their_o breadth_n six_o seven_o or_o eight_o time_n at_o most_o example_n let_v aa_n represent_v a_o gallery_n the_o breadth_n whereof_o be_v a_o b_o you_o must_v give_v it_o in_o length_n five_o time_n its_o breadth_n unto_o the_o number_n mark_v 5_o or_o six_o time_n unto_o the_o number_n 6_o or_o seven_o time_n unto_o the_o number_n 7_o or_o last_o eight_o time_n unto_o the_o number_n 8_o which_o be_v the_o great_a length_n allow_v to_o gallery_n and_o beside_o every_o house_n well_o compose_v aught_o to_o have_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o chief_a part_n some_o place_n to_o the_o which_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o house_n may_v relate_v and_o appertain_v which_o place_n vulgar_o be_v call_v entry_n lobby_n or_o passage_n if_o it_o be_v below_o and_o the_o hall_n if_o it_o be_v above_o and_o be_v in_o the_o house_n as_o a_o common_a place_n for_o it_o serve_v to_o entertain_v those_o who_o attend_v the_o master_n go_v forth_o to_o salute_v he_o and_o negotiate_v with_o he_o and_o such_o place_n be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o house_n that_o present_a themselves_o to_o those_o that_o will_v enter_v therein_o the_o hall_n serve_v for_o feast_n nuptial_n and_o banquet_n to_o act_n comedy_n and_o to_o take_v other_o such_o like_a pleasure_n and_o enjoyment_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o these_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o of_o a_o capacious_a form_n to_o the_o end_n that_o many_o person_n may_v commodious_o be_v there_o entertain_v and_o behold_v what_o be_v do_v of_o the_o proportion_n which_o the_o hall_n ought_v to_o have_v as_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v not_o be_v accustom_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o length_n of_o hall_n less_o than_o twice_o their_o breadth_n or_o twice_o and_o ¼_n or_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o breadth_n at_o most_o and_o to_o great_a building_n you_o may_v allow_v the_o length_n to_o be_v three_o time_n the_o breadth_n whereupon_o they_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o beautiful_a and_o convenient_a example_n let_v a_o a_o represent_v a_o hall_n the_o breadth_n whereof_o be_v a_o b._n have_v 24_o foot_n within_o the_o work_n you_o may_v allow_v the_o length_n twice_o the_o breadth_n unto_o the_o number_n mark_v 2_o to_o wit_n 48_o foot_n in_o length_n for_o 24_o foot_n in_o breadth_n or_o twice_o the_o breadth_n and_o ¼_n more_o unto_o the_o number_n mark_v 2¼_n to_o wit_n 54_o foot_n long_o for_o 24_o foot_n broad_a or_o twice_o the_o breadth_n and_o ⅓_n more_o unto_o the_o number_n mark_v 2⅔_n to_o wit_n 56_o foot_n long_o for_o 24_o foot_n broad_a or_o last_o to_o great_a building_n the_o hall_n may_v have_v in_o length_n three_o time_n the_o breadth_n unto_o the_o number_n mark_v 3._o to_o wit_n 72_o foot_n long_o for_o 24_o foot_n broad_a the_o antichamber_n and_o chamber_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o divide_v that_o they_o may_v fall_v on_o each_o fide_fw-la of_o the_o entry_n and_o of_o the_o hall_n and_o you_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n may_v answer_v and_o be_v equal_a to_o those_o on_o the_o left_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o building_n may_v be_v on_o one_o fide_fw-la as_o on_o the_o other_o and_o the_o wall_n bear_v equal_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o antichamber_n a_o well_o proportion_a antichamber_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o length_n the_o diagonal_a line_n of_o the_o square_n of_o the_o breadth_n or_o the_o breadth_n and_o ⅔_n at_o most_o example_n of_o the_o first_o bigness_n for_o antichamber_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o square_a whereof_o each_o side_n be_v 24_o foot_n and_o the_o diagonal_a line_n thereof_o be_v draw_v a_o c_o the_o same_o length_n that_o the_o diagonal_a be_v of_o you_o must_v give_v to_o the_o say_a antichamber_n from_o a_o unto_o e_o and_z from_z d_o unto_o f_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o antichamber_n will_v have_v 34_o foot_n in_o length_n to_o 24_o foot_n in_o breadth_n example_n of_o the_o second-bigness_n of_o antichamber_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o square_a of_o which_o each_o side_n be_v 24_o foot_n as_o before_o add_v to_o the_o say_v a_o b._n d_o c_o the_o half_a their_o length_n to_o wit_n 12_o foot_n from_o b_o to_o f_o and_o from_o c_o to_o g_z you_o shall_v make_v the_o antichamber_n 36_o foot_n in_o length_n to_o 24_o foot_n in_o breadth_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o chamber_n as_o for_o the_o chamber_n you_o may_v make_v thereof_o five_o sort_n and_o proportion_n for_o they_o be_v either_o square_a or_o they_o may_v be_v in_o length_n their_o breadth_n with_o a_o eight_o part_n a_o seven_o a_o six_o or_o a_o five_o part_n above_o their_o breadth_n example_n of_o the_o first_o bigness_n of_o chamber_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o perfect_a square_n of_o which_o the_o 4_o side_n and_o the_o 4_o angle_n may_v be_v equal_a this_o shall_v be_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o chamber_n example_n of_o the_o second_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o square_a whereof_o each_o side_n be_v 24_o foot_n you_o may_v divide_v one_o of_o the_o say_a side_n into_o 8_o equal_a part_n whereof_o each_o may_v be_v 3_o foot_n add_v one_o of_o the_o say_a part_n to_o the_o side_n a_o b_o and_o continue_v it_o to_o e_o and_z as_o much_o to_o the_o side_n d_o c_o continue_v it_o to_o f_o and_o you_o will_v make_v the_o chamber_n 27_o foot_n long_o to_o the_o 24_o foot_n broad_a example_n of_o the_o three_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o square_a as_o before_o of_o 24_o foot_n to_o each_o side_n divide_v the_o side_n of_o a_o b_o into_o seven_o equal_a part_n add_v to_o it_o one_o continue_v the_o same_o to_z e_z and_o the_o side_n d_o c_o unto_o f_o the_o say_a chamber_n will_v have_v 27_o foot_n 5_o inch_n and_o ⅛_n part_v in_o length_n to_o 24_o foot_n in_o breadth_n example_n of_o the_o four_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o before_o be_v a_o square_a have_v to_o each_o side_n 24_o foot_n divide_v one_o of_o the_o side_n as_o a_o b_o into_o six_o equal_a part_n add_v thereunto_o one_o of_o the_o say_a part_n draw_v the_o say_a side_n unto_o e_o and_z d_o c_o unto_o f_o you_o will_v make_v the_o chamber_n 28_o foot_n long_o to_o 24_o foot_n broad_a example_n of_o the_o five_o and_o lose_v bigness_n of_o chamber_n let_v the_o square_a a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v as_o before_z each_o side_n thereof_o to_o be_v 24_o foot_n divide_v one_o of_o the_o side_n into_o five_o equal_a part_n add_v one_o of_o the_o say_a part_n draw_v the_o side_n a_o b_o unto_o e_z and_z d_o c_o unto_o f_o you_o will_v make_v the_o chamber_n 28_o foot_n 9_o inch_n and_o 7_o 12_o in_o length_n to_o 24_o foot_n in_o breadth_n chap._n xxii_o of_o floores_n and_o superficies_n of_o departement_n plancher_n and_o flat_a ceiling_n after_o have_v see_v the_o form_n of_o gallery_n hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n it_o be_v needful_a to_o discourse_v of_o floores_n or_o superficies_n of_o departement_n plancher_n and_o flat_a ceiling_n floores_n or_o superficies_n may_v be_v of_o square_a tile_n or_o hard_a stone_n or_o of_o marble_n or_o small_a square_n of_o carpenter_n work_n and_o may_v be_v make_v of_o divers_a sort_n and_o divers_a colour_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o material_n which_o render_v they_o very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o lodging_n chamber_n they_o be_v seldom_o make_v of_o marble_n or_o other_o hard_a stone_n because_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o will_v be_v too_o cold_a but_o in_o gallery_n or_o other_o public_a place_n they_o will_v agree_v very_o well_o this_o sort_n of_o flooer_n of_o small_a square_n of_o carpenter_n work_n may_v be_v see_v at_o somersethouse_n of_o which_o be_v a_o novelty_n in_o england_n i_o think_v good_a to_o present_v the_o design_n thereof_o although_o not_o in_o my_o author_n you_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o story_n may_v have_v all_o the_o floores_n or_o pavement_n equal_a in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o threshold_n may_v not_o be_v high_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o plancher_n be_v also_o make_v of_o divers_a way_n for_o some_o there_o be_v that_o take_v pleasure_n to_o make_v they_o very_o handsome_a of_o well_o

give_v the_o height_n of_o the_o three_o story_n from_o the_o floor_n unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o joist_a in_o the_o build_n of_o chamber_n you_o ought_v to_o have_v regard_n as_o well_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bed_n which_o be_v usual_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n square_a and_o the_o passage_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o chimney_n which_o for_o this_o consideration_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v place_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n but_o distant_a from_o it_o about_o two_o or_o two_o foot_n and_o ½_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v make_v room_n for_o the_o bed_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o inequality_n be_v little_o discern_v if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o building_n the_o breadth_n at_o least_o of_o 24_o foot_n within_o the_o work_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v place_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o height_n of_o gallery_n the_o low_a gallery_n must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n of_o the_o first_o story_n to_o the_o end_n that_o one_o may_v enter_v therein_o on_o even_a ground_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v then_o when_o the_o say_v low_a gallery_n have_v the_o same_o frame_n which_o the_o say_v hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n who_o floores_n ought_v ordinary_o to_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o groundwork_n of_o the_o court_n about_o two_o foot_n at_o least_o or_o of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n and_o be_v ascend_v by_o step_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v more_o than_o six_o inch_n in_o height_n nor_o less_o than_o four_o and_o in_o breadth_n one_o foot_n or_o at_o the_o most_o 15_o or_o 16_o inch_n but_o if_o the_o gallery_n be_v make_v all_o open_a so_o as_o they_o enter_v into_o it_o from_o the_o court_n in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v lay_v the_o floor_n low_o than_o the_o neighbour_a room_n and_o 〈◊〉_d suffice_v that_o the_o say_a floor_n be_v one_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ground_n work_n of_o the_o court_n thus_o do_v it_o will_v appear_v very_o graceful_a for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o come_v near_o to_o the_o fair_a proportion_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o their_o height_n from_o the_o floor_n or_o superficies_n unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o arch_n and_o their_o entrance_n be_v by_o step_n which_o be_v between_o the_o open_n of_o the_o arch_n chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o just_a proportion_n which_o the_o upper_a gallery_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o upper_a gallery_n be_v make_v either_o flat_a or_o arch_a if_o flat_a they_o must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o broad_a gallery_n which_o be_v arch_v must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o broad_a with_o a_o five_o four_o or_o three_o part_n over_o and_o above_o their_o say_a breadth_n chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o door_n and_o window_n the_o certain_a and_o determinate_a measure_n can_v be_v give_v of_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o principal_a gate_n of_o building_n nor_o of_o door_n and_o window_n of_o chamber_n because_o for_o to_o make_v the_o principal_a gate_n the_o architect_n must_v accommodate_v they_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o building_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o master_n and_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o nevertheless_o we_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o measure_n follow_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o principal_a gate_n principal_a gate_n of_o entrance_n where_o coach_n and_o wagon_n ought_v to_o pass_v and_o other_o such_o necessary_n must_v not_o have_v less_o than_o seven_o and_o ½_n eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o breadth_n their_o height_n must_v be_v their_o breadth_n and_o half_a at_o least_o and_o to_o have_v it_o well_o proportion_a you_o must_v give_v it_o in_o height_n twice_o their_o breadth_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o inner-doore_n door_n within_o the_o house_n in_o the_o least_o building_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o ½_n in_o breadth_n and_o five_o foot_n and_o ½_n in_o height_n those_o from_o three_o to_o four_o foot_n broad_a must_v have_v in_o height_n twice_o their_o breadth_n and_o to_o great_a building_n you_o may_v allow_v even_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o the_o height_n double_a and_o sometime_o a_o five_o or_o four_o part_n less_o than_o their_o breadth_n the_o ancient_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v their_o door_n narrow_a above_o than_o below_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o church_n which_o be_v at_o tivoli_n which_o vitruvius_n teach_v we_o and_o it_o be_v likely_a they_o do_v so_o to_o give_v they_o more_o force_n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o window_n the_o apperture_n of_o window_n must_v have_v four_o foot_n and_o ½_n or_o five_o foot_n and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o six_o between_o the_o two_o jaume_n their_o height_n must_v be_v at_o least_o double_a their_o breadth_n and_o to_o make_v they_o comely_a and_o well_o proportion_v a_o four_o part_n a_o three_o or_o a_o half_a part_n more_o than_o the_o breadth_n and_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o these_o you_o may_v make_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o other_o room_n of_o the_o same_o story_n but_o those_o of_o the_o second_o story_n ought_v to_o be_v low_a by_o one_o twelve_o part_n then_o those_o in_o the_o first_o and_o if_o you_o make_v window_n above_o they_o you_o ought_v to_o make_v they_o a_o four_o part_n low_o than_o those_o in_o the_o second_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o window_n the_o soil_n of_o window_n must_v have_v from_o two_o foot_n eight_o inch_n unto_o three_o foot_n at_o most_o in_o height_n the_o transom_n or_o cross_a piece_n of_o window_n must_v be_v four_o or_o five_o inch_n thick_a their_o rebate_n must_v be_v from_o one_o inch_n and_o ½_n unto_o two_o inch_n at_o most_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v have_v great_a strength_n and_o that_o the_o frame_n of_o wood_n which_o carry_v the_o shutter_n may_v have_v convenient_a strength_n the_o jaume_n of_o window_n must_v be_v much_o rebate_v and_o let_v in_o from_o two_o inch_n and_o ½_n to_o three_o inch_n at_o least_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o wooden_a frame_n may_v be_v strong_a and_o join_v to_o the_o wall_n when_o the_o wall_n be_v thin_a the_o shutter_n of_o the_o window_n ought_v to_o shut_v over_o the_o rebate_n the_o half_a or_o one_o three_o only_o also_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o divide_v the_o say_a shutter_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o chamber_n nor_o obscure_v the_o light_n chap._n xxxv_o rule_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v door_n and_o window_n in_o make_v window_n you_o be_v to_o take_v heed_n that_o you_o do_v not_o give_v they_o more_o or_o less_o light_a than_o be_v necessary_a nor_o make_v they_o wide_o or_o narrow_a then_o be_v needful_a wherefore_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o ought_v to_o receive_v the_o light_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o great_a room_n have_v need_n of_o more_o light_n than_o a_o little_a one_o so_o that_o if_o the_o window_n be_v make_v less_o than_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o place_n will_v be_v obscure_a and_o dark_a and_o because_o in_o house_n some_o chamber_n be_v make_v large_a some_o indifferent_a some_o little_a you_o must_v take_v great_a care_n that_o all_o the_o window_n may_v be_v equal_a one_o with_o the_o other_o in_o their_o rank_n and_o order_n so_o that_o those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n may_v answer_v those_o on_o the_o left_a and_o those_o above_o may_v be_v right_a over_o those_o below_o likewise_o the_o door_n must_v be_v right_a over_o one_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o void_a may_v be_v upon_o the_o void_a and_o the_o full_a upon_o the_o full_a and_o moreover_o let_v the_o door_n be_v place_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o one_o may_v see_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v very_o graceful_a and_o beside_o it_o be_v cool_a in_o summer_n and_o have_v many_o other_o conveniency_n it_o be_v very_o secure_a to_o turn_v arch_n over_o door_n and_o window_n which_o arch_n do_v discharge_v and_o hinder_v that_o the_o door_n and_o window_n be_v not_o press_v with_o too_o much_o weight_n which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n for_o the_o last_a of_o building_n the_o window_n must_v be_v convenient_o distant_a from_o the_o corner_n and_o angle_n of_o the_o building_n because_o that_o part_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v open_a and_o enfeeble_v who_o office_n be_v to_o support_v and_o fasten_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o just_a proportion_n which_o the_o pilaster_n of_o door_n and_o

step_n there_o aught_o to_o be_v great_a care_n take_v in_o the_o well_o place_v the_o staircase_n for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o little_a difficulty_n to_o find_v a_o place_n convenient_a so_o as_o the_o stair_n may_v be_v distribute_v without_o prejudice_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n it_o be_v therefore_o that_o ordinary_o they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o building_n or_o on_o the_o wing_n or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n which_o be_v but_o seldom_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o great_a building_n because_o much_o of_o the_o stonework_n will_v be_v hinder_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o stair_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n unless_o the_o house_n be_v double_a there_o be_v three_o open_n necessary_a to_o the_o least_o staircase_n the_o first_o be_v the_o doore-way_n that_o lead_v to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o better_a when_o it_o be_v spacious_a and_o please_v i_o most_o if_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o before_o one_o approach_v one_o may_v see_v the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o house_n for_o although_o the_o house_n be_v little_a by_o this_o mean_v it_o appear_v much_o large_a nevertheless_o it_o behoove_v that_o the_o say_v doroway_n be_v obvious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v find_v the_o second_o open_v be_v that_o of_o the_o window_n which_o be_v needful_a to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o there_o be_v but_o one_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_a as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o staircase_n may_v be_v enlighten_v the_o three_o open_v be_v the_o land_a place_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o room_n above_o and_o aught_o to_o lead_v to_o place_n large_a fair_a and_o well_o adorn_v stair_n will_v be_v well_o make_v if_o they_o be_v spacious_a light_a and_o easy_a so_o as_o they_o may_v invite_v people_n to_o go_v up_o they_o will_v be_v lightsome_a when_o they_o have_v a_o perfect_a light_n that_o disperse_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n equal_o they_o be_v spacious_a when_o they_o appear_v not_o little_a nor_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o fabric_n but_o they_o must_v never_o be_v narrow_a than_o four_o foot_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o two_o person_n meet_v they_o may_v commodious_o pass_v one_o by_o the_o other_o they_o may_v be_v make_v of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n or_o seven_o and_o half_a and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a to_o every_o flight_n and_o they_o must_v be_v make_v as_o commodious_a as_o possible_o you_o can_v chap._n xliv_o of_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o step_n the_o step_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o than_o six_o inch_n high_a and_o if_o they_o be_v low_a they_o must_v chief_o be_v to_o long_a and_o continue_a stair_n they_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o easy_a because_o one_o need_v not_o lift_v the_o foot_n so_o high_a but_o they_o must_v never_o be_v low_a than_o four_o inch_n their_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v leffe_a than_o a_o foot_n nor_o more_o than_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n the_o ancient_n observe_v not_o to_o make_v the_o number_n of_o step_n even_o to_o the_o end_n that_o beginning_n to_o ascend_v with_o the_o right_a foot_n they_o may_v end_v with_o the_o same_o foot_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o good_a omen_n and_o with_o great_a devotion_n so_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o temple_n chap._n xlv_o of_o divers_a manner_n of_o stair_n stair_n be_v make_v straight_o or_o wind_a the_o straight_o be_v make_v spread_v abroad_o into_o two_o branch_n or_o passage_n or_o square_v which_o turn_v into_o four_o branch_n or_o passage_n and_o to_o make_v they_o in_o this_o last_o manner_n all_o the_o space_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o 4_o part_n whereof_z 2_o must_v be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o 2_o for_o the_o vacancy_n the_o middle_n whereof_z if_o it_o be_v open_a the_o stair_n receive_v light_a they_o may_v be_v make_v with_o a_o wall_n within_o and_o then_o within_o the_o two_o part_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o stair_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n ought_v to_o be_v comprehend_v and_o enclose_v which_o make_v the_o case_n or_o newel_n they_o may_v also_o be_v make_v without_o a_o wall_n within_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o stair_n be_v make_v by_o the_o invention_n of_o seignieur_n lovis_fw-la cornaro_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n winding-staire_n some_o be_v make_v round_o some_o oval_n some_o with_o a_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o some_o open_a and_o such_o winding-staire_n be_v make_v chief_o where_o there_o be_v little_a room_n because_o they_o take_v up_o less_o room_n than_o the_o straight_a stair_n yet_o not_o so_o easy_a to_o ascend_v those_o which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o middle_n be_v very_o handsome_a because_o they_o may_v have_v light_n from_o above_o and_o those_o who_o be_v above_o may_v see_v those_o who_o be_v come_v up_o and_o be_v also_o see_v by_o they_o those_o which_o have_v a_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n have_v but_o little_a room_n be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la into_o twelve_o part_n ten_o whereof_o be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o the_o two_o which_o remain_v be_v for_o the_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o divide_v the_o say_v diametre_fw-la into_o eight_o part_n six_z whereof_z be_v for_o the_o step_n and_o two_o for_o the_o newel_n and_o if_o there_o be_v much_o room_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la into_o three_o part_n whereof_o two_o be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o one_o for_o the_o newel_n as_o in_o the_o design_n a_o or_o otherwise_o you_o may_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la in_o seven_o part_n of_o which_o take_v three_o for_o the_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o four_o for_o the_o stair_n just_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o staircase_n of_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n at_o rome_n and_o if_o you_o make_v stair_n wind_v as_o in_o the_o design_n b_o they_o will_v be_v handsome_a and_o more_o agreeable_a and_o long_o than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v straight_o but_o to_o staircase_n open_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o diametre_fw-la must_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n two_o whereof_o must_v be_v for_o the_o middle_n and_o two_o for_o the_o stair_n beside_o the_o fashion_n of_o stair_n which_o be_v in_o practice_n there_o have_v be_v a_o winding-staire_n invent_v by_o mark_n anthony_n barbaro_n a_o gentleman_n of_o venice_n of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n who_o make_v excellent_a experiment_n in_o very_o narrow_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o stair_n in_o their_o turn_n be_v much_o long_o and_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a those_o which_o be_v oval_a divide_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o round_a they_o be_v very_o handsome_a and_o pleasant_a because_o all_o the_o window_n and_o door_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o head_n of_o the_o oval_n and_o be_v very_o commodious_a i_o have_v make_v one_o open_a in_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o charity_n at_o venice_n which_o have_v succeed_v very_o well_o there_o be_v another_o very_a handsome_a manner_n of_o stair_n which_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o chambor_n near_o bloyse_n and_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v four_o staircase_n which_o have_v four_o entrance_n to_o wit_n one_o entry_n to_o each_o and_o go_v up_o the_o one_o over_o the_o other_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o building_n the_o four_o may_v serve_v for_o four_o appartement_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o need_v not_o go_v up_o and_o down_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o other_o and_o because_o it_o be_v open_a in_o the_o middle_n they_o all_o see_v each_o other_o go_v up_o and_o down_o without_o any_o hindrance_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o this_o invention_n be_v new_a and_o handsome_a i_o have_v place_v it_o here_o and_o mark_v with_o letter_n from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o head_n to_o the_o end_n every_o one_o may_v see_v where_o each_o staire_n begin_v and_o where_o it_o end_v there_o be_v also_o to_o the_o portico_v of_o pompey_n at_o rome_n lead_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o jew_n winding-staire_n of_o a_o admirable_a form_n for_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o can_v not_o receive_v light_n but_o from_o on_o high_a they_o be_v set_v upon_o column_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o light_n may_v distribute_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n alike_o according_a to_o which_o example_n bramante_n a_o excellent_a architect_n in_o his_o time_n make_v one_o of_o they_o at_o beluedere_n and_o without_o step_n have_v the_o four_o order_n

d._n and_o the_o angle_n which_o it_o make_v upon_o the_o diagonal_a line_n which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o prick_n line_n g_o from_o f_o to_o c._n 1._o 2._o the_o wall_n and_o lintel_n 3._o dragon_n beam_n for_o the_o hip_n to_o stand_v on_o 4._o beam_n or_o summer_n wherein_o the_o dragon-beame_n be_v frame_v 5._o king_n piece_n or_o crown_n post_n 6._o strutt_n or_o brace_n from_o the_o crown_n post_n to_o the_o hip_n rafter_n 7._o hip_n as_o they_o make_v the_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n 8._o hip_n as_o they_o make_v the_o angle_n in_o the_o diagonal_a line_n from_o corner_n to_o corner_n 9_o the_o additional_a length_n which_o the_o hip_n make_v upon_o the_o diagonal_a line_n more_o than_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n chap._n l._n of_o flat_a roof_n d._n within_o a_o camber-beam_n and_o rafter_n joggle_v in_o who_o weight_n lie_v not_o chief_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o without_o hang_v up_o the_o beam_n the_o principal_n may_v discharge_v the_o weight_n and_o how_o drip_v may_v be_v make_v to_o walk_v on_o 1._o camber-beam_n 2._o principal_n joggle_v into_o the_o camber-beam_n 3._o the_o place_n where_o the_o principal_n be_v joggle_v in_o 4._o punchons_n or_o brace_n 5._o drip_v to_o walk_v on_o and_o may_v be_v make_v with_o the_o less_o current_a that_o the_o roof_n may_v be_v make_v the_o more_o pitch_n for_o the_o strengthen_n thereof_o and_o may_v be_v make_v high_a or_o low_o according_a to_o the_o building_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o architect_n 6._o battlement_n a_o flat_a roof_n with_o a_o crown_n post_fw-la or_o king_n piece_n chap._n li._n of_o the_o hip_n roof_n e._n instruction_n to_o find_v the_o length_n and_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n so_o as_o it_o may_v answer_v the_o side_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a line_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n the_o two_o skirt_n the_o side_n of_o the_o roof_n in_o plano_fw-la or_o lie_v in_o ledgment_n with_o the_o hip_n and_o gable_n end_n the_o diagonal_a and_o perpendicular_a line_n be_v lay_v down_o proportion_v to_o any_o breadth_n or_o length_n by_o which_o the_o most_o ingenious_a may_v serve_v himself_o and_o a_o ordinary_a capacity_n already_o acquaint_v with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ruler_n and_o compass_n may_v plain_o demonstrate_v all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o roof_n whether_o square_a or_o bevel_n above_o pitch_n or_o under_o pitch_n by_o line_n of_o proportion_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o design_n follow_v suppose_v the_o roof_n 20_o foot_n broad_a and_o in_o length_n 30.40_o or_o 50_o foot_n more_o or_o less_o let_v a._n b._n c._n d._n be_v the_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o say_a roof_n one_o end_n to_o be_v hipt_v the_o other_o a_o gable_n end_n draw_v the_o line_n a._n b._n c._n d._n the_o breadth_n and_o length_n of_o the_o roof_n then_o araw_v the_o gable_n end_n a._n b._n e_o who_o side_n or_o principal_a rafter_n be_v ¾_n of_o the_o brodth_n of_o the_o house_n then_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_a line_n e_o f._n the_o height_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n which_o line_n be_v of_o general_a use_n to_o level_v the_o ridge_n of_o all_o roof_n and_o if_o the_o other_o end_n be_v hipt_v as_o in_o the_o design_n d._n c._n g._n then_o it_o serve_v to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n and_o the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n so_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v both_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o roof_n always_o observe_v that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n be_v as_o i._n h._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n k_o l_o n_n through_o the_o centre_n i._n which_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n to_o the_o line_n e_o f._n h._n g._n both_o in_o bevel_n and_o square_a house_n then_o extend_v the_o line_n a._n b._n on_o both_o side_n to_o o._n be_v the_o length_n of_o a._n e._n or_o e._n b._n the_o length_n of_o the_o principal_a baster_n or_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n so_o will_v o._n n._n and_o o._n k._n make_v the_o length_n of_o the_o ridge_n 1._o f._n and_o k._n d._n and_o c_o n._n the_o two_o skirt_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n d._n i._n and_o i._o c._n over_o which_o the_o hip_n be_v to_o hang_v when_o in_o its_o due_a place_n then_o take_v the_o perpendicular_a line_n e._n f._n &_o place_v it_o from_o the_o point_n i._o to_o p._n p_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o diagonal_a or_o base_a line_n d._n i._n and_o i._o c._n at_o i_o so_o be_v i._n p._n and_o i._n p._n the_o pitch_n of_o the_o hip_n equal_a to_o the_o gable_n end_n e._n f._n and_o when_o erect_v will_v hang_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n i._o then_o take_v p._n d._n the_o hypotenuse_n of_o the_o triangle_n d._n i._o p._n and_o c._n p_o the_o hyporenuse_n of_o the_o triangle_n c._n i._o p._n place_v they_o from_o d._n to_o g._n and_o c._n to_o g._n give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n d._n g._n c._n and_o when_o lay_v to_o their_o pitch_n will_v all_o meet_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n 1._o to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip._n so_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v both_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o roof_n whether_o square_a or_o bevel_n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n l._n to_o the_o point_n h._n and_o from_o the_o point_n h_n to_o m_n and_o mark_n where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n d._n i_o and_o i._o c._n at_o q._n q._n then_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o the_o point_n q._n and_o extend_v the_o other_o foot_n to_o the_o hip_n line_n d._n p._n and_o c._n p._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n with_o that_o mark_n the_o point_n r_o upon_o the_o same_o diagonal_a line_n then_o draw_v the_o prick_v line_n l._n r._n h._n and_o h_n r_o m._n which_o make_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o the_o two_o corner_n of_o that_o roof_n this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o roof_n whether_o over_o or_o under_o pitch_n chap._n lii_o f_o of_o roof_n bevel_n at_o one_o end_n and_o square_a at_o the_o other_o the_o gable_n end_n square_n the_o bevel_n end_v hipt_v suppose_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o roof_n 20_o foot_n the_o length_n more_o on_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o design_n a._n b_o c._n d._n then_o draw_v the_o gable_n end_n a._n e._n b._n who_o side_n from_o a._n to_o e._n and_o from_o e_z to_z b_o be_v ¾_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n or_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n then_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_a e._n f._n the_o height_n of_o the_o roof_n from_o the_o floor_n and_o if_o kneed_a then_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o knee_n as_o in_o the_o design_n of_o a_o kneed_a rafter_n before-going_a the_o side_n of_o the_o roof_n which_o make_v the_o ridge_n g._n h._n i._o k._n to_o be_v draw_v as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a design_n divide_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o roof_n in_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o f._n l._n q_o than_o take_v the_o distance_n l._n n._n which_o be_v the_o ½_n breadth_n of_o the_o house_n and_o make_v it_o parallel_v to_o c._n q._n d._n as_o m._n l._n m._n and_o l._n will_v be_v the_o point_n who_o perpendicular_o o._n t._n will_v meet_v the_o principal_a rafter_n and_o hip_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o each_o hip_n distinct_a one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o the_o long_a hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n l._n c._n and_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n e._n f._n and_o place_v it_o perpendicular_a to_o l._n c._n at_o o._n so_o have_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o roof_n perpendicular_a from_o o._n l._n equal_a to_o e._n f._n the_o gable_n end_n and_o the_o line_n o._n c._n will_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n rafter_n which_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o c._n h._n the_o skirt_n for_o that_o side_n of_o the_o hip_n and_o c._n p._n the_o side_n of_o that_o hip_n end_n to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o the_o long_a hip_n c._n o._n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n m._n to_o q._n and_o mark_v where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n at_o r._n then_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n at_o the_o point_n r._n and_o extend_v the_o other_o foot_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n o._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n then_o make_v it_o touch_v the_o diagonal_a line_n at_o s._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n m._n s._n q._n which_o be_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o roof_n to_o find_v the_o short_a hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n of_o l._n d._n and_o take_v e._n f._n the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o gable_n end_n as_o before_o &_o place_v it_o from_o l._n to_o t._n perpendicular_a to_o l._n d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n t._n d._n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o that_o corner_n and_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o skirt_n d._n i_o and_o the_o side_n of_o that_o hip_n d._n p._n which_o when_o erect_v will_v meet_v with_o the_o other_o principal_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n l._n to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o this_o hip._n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n q_o to_o the_o point_n m._n and_o mark_v where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n l._n d._n at_o v._o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o point_n v._o to_o touch_v the_o line_n t._n d._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n and_o carry_v that_o distance_n on_o the_o diagonal_a line_n to_o the_o point_n w._n then_o draw_v the_o prick_v line_n m._n w._n q._n which_o will_v make_v the_o back_n of_o that_o hip_n fit_a for_o that_o bevel_n corner_n and_o this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o bevel_n roof_n whether_o over_o or_o under_o pitch_n chap._n liii_o g._n of_o a_o roof_n bevel_n at_o both_o end_n and_o broad_a at_o one_o end_n then_o the_o other_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n g._n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n the_o length_n of_o the_o rafter_n or_o pitch_n between_o the_o wide_a and_o narrow_a end_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v over_o the_o prick_a line_n t._n t._n as_o the_o foot_n f._n to_o stand_v on_o the_o one_o t._n the_o foot_n g._n to_o stand_v on_o the_o other_o t._n the_o point_n of_o the_o two_o hippolito_n end_v when_o bring_v to_o their_o due_a place_n h._n h._n h._n will_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o p._n p._n and_o will_v meet_v the_o side_n 1._o k._n l._n m._n over_o the_o point_n p._n p._n the_o point_n of_o the_o perpendicular_o and_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n from_o a._n b._n c._n d._n o._n o._n o._n o._n o._n the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n or_o hip_n mould_v due_a to_o each_o corner_n q._n q._n q._n q._n q._n the_o point_n to_o find_v out_o q._n the_o point_n for_o each_o back_n r._n r._n r._n r._n r._n the_o line_n represent_v ½_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n parallel_n to_o each_o end_n s._n s._n s._n s._n s._n represent_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o house_n t._n t._n t._n notwithstanding_o the_o bevel_n end_v you_o may_v place_v your_o beam_n for_o your_o principal_a rafter_n to_o stand_v on_o square_n or_o so_o near_o a_o square_a as_o may_v be_v or_o between_o both_o as_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o prick_a line_n i._n k._n l._n m._n bring_v the_o outside_n of_o they_o straight_o under_o p._n p._n which_o will_v be_v more_o handsome_a for_o the_o house_n in_o the_o inside_n although_o it_o bevels_n outward_a finis_fw-la