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one_o tread_v which_o hinder_v the_o riddance_n of_o the_o work_n unless_o with_o every_o spring_n of_o the_o pole_n they_o shall_v lift_v their_o tread_v leg_n so_o high_a as_o to_o tire_v it_o quick_o with_o bing_v it_o down_o again_o after_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o so_o uncommodious_a a_o position_n this_o tredle_n have_v a_o square_a notch_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o further_a end_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a and_o two_o inch_n long_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o string_n may_v be_v wound_n either_o off_o or_o on_o the_o wood_n on_o either_o side_n the_o notch_n to_o lengthen_v or_o shorten_v the_o string_n as_o the_o different_a diameter_n of_o the_o work_n shall_v require_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o treddle_n be_v fix_v a_o round_a iron_n pin_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n so_o as_o to_o stand_v upright_o about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o inch_n long_o above_o the_o treddle_n and_o under_o the_o cheek_n be_v also_o fix_v down_o the_o cross-treddle_a which_o be_v such_o another_o piece_n of_o wood_n as_o the_o treddle_n be_v but_o long_o or_o short_a according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o lathe_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o cross-treddle_a be_v make_v several_a hole_n all_o a-row_o to_o receive_v the_o iron_n pin_n set_v upright_o in_o the_o treddle_n these_o hole_n be_v common_o bore_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n asunder_o that_o the_o pin_n or_o the_o treddle_n may_v be_v put_v into_o any_o one_o of_o they_o according_a as_o the_o string_n be_v to_o be_v place_v near_a to_o or_o further_o off_o either_o end_n of_o the_o
lathe_n ¶_o 9_o of_o the_o pole_n the_o pole_n be_v common_o make_v of_o a_o fir-pole_n and_o be_v long_a or_o short_a or_o big_a or_o small_a according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o work_n the_o workman_n design_n to_o turn_v for_o the_o thick_a the_o pole_n be_v the_o hard_a must_v the_o tread_v be_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n if_o the_o pole_n prove_v too_o strong_a for_o their_o common_a or_o continue_a work_n they_o will_v weaken_v it_o by_o cut_v away_o with_o a_o draw-knife_n describe_v numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o e_o and_o §_o 5._o part_v of_o the_o substance_n off_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o side_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o thick_a end_n of_o this_o pole_n be_v nail_v or_o indeed_o rather_o pin_v up_o to_o some_o girder_n or_o other_o timber_n in_o the_o ceiling_n of_o the_o room_n with_o one_o single_a nail_n or_o a_o pin_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v move_v upon_o that_o nail_n or_o pin_n as_o on_o a_o centre_n and_o its_o thin_a end_n pass_v from_o one_o puppet_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o work_n may_v require_v and_o at_o about_o a_o foot_n distance_n or_o more_o be_v also_o nail_v up_o to_o some_o joyst_n or_o other_o timber_n of_o the_o ceiling_n two_o cheek_n of_o a_o convenient_a strength_n and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o these_o two_o cheek_n be_v nail_v a_o quarter_n or_o batten_n to_o bear_v the_o pole_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o tread_v be_v add_v to_o it_o as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o n_o n_o in_o plate_n 12._o ¶_o 10._o of_o the_o side-r_a but_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o ceiling_n of_o the_o work-room_n be_v not_o high_a enough_o for_o the_o pole_n to_o play_v upward_o and_o downward_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n they_o place_v the_o thin_a end_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o some_o considerable_a distance_n off_o the_o lathe_n either_o before_o or_o behind_o it_o and_o so_o make_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o pole_n horizantal_n towards_o the_o lathe_n convey_v and_o guide_v the_o string_n from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o work_n by_o throw_v it_o over_o a_o rowler_n move_v on_o two_o iron_n center-pin_n fasten_v at_o both_o end_n and_o place_v parallel_n to_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n above_o the_o work_n as_o high_a as_o they_o can_v and_o thus_o every_o tread_v draw_v the_o rowler_n about_o but_o shall_v the_o rowler_n not_o move_v about_o upon_o those_o iron_n pin_n the_o string_n every_o tread_n will_v both_o cut_v a_o groove_n in_o the_o ruler_n and_o fret_v itself_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o the_o rowler_n ¶_o 11._o of_o the_o bow_n some_o turner_n that_o work_n light_a work_n such_o as_o cane-head_n ink-horn_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o need_v scarce_o remove_v the_o puppet_n off_o their_o lathe_n use_v a_o common_a bow_n such_o as_o archer_n use_v the_o middle_n of_o this_o bow_n they_o fasten_v over_o head_n with_o its_o string_n horizontal_o downward_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o string_n they_o fasten_v another_o string_n perpendicular_o downward_o who_o be_v other_o end_n they_o fasten_v to_o the_o treddle_v and_o the_o string_n wind_v round_o their_o work_n bring_v it_o about_o ¶_o 12._o of_o the_o great_a wheel_n but_o when_o turner_n work_n heavy_a work_n such_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o tread_n will_v not_o command_v they_o use_v the_o great_a wheel_n this_o wheel_n be_v so_o common_o know_v that_o i_o shall_v need_v give_v you_o no_o other_o description_n of_o it_o than_o the_o figure_n itself_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o plate_n 14._o a._n it_o be_v turn_v about_o with_o one_o and_o sometime_o with_o two_o iron_n handle_v according_a as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o work_n may_v require_v it_o be_v string_n have_v both_o its_o end_n strong_a and_o neat_o fasten_v together_o not_o with_o a_o knot_n but_o leap_v over_o one_o another_o about_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o so_o be_v firm_o whip_v about_o with_o small_a gut_n that_o it_o may_v the_o easy_a pass_n over_o the_o narrow_a groove_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o rowler_n this_o string_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o groove_n make_v on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o wheel_n and_o also_o in_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o work_n but_o before_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o both_o one_o part_n of_o the_o string_n be_v leap_v over_o and_o cross_v the_o other_o and_o the_o string_n receive_v the_o form_n of_o a_o figure_n of_o 8_o only_a one_o of_o its_o bow_n or_o circle_n become_v no_o big_a than_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o work_n and_o the_o other_o as_o big_a as_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o wheel_n then_o the_o whole_a frame_n wherein_o the_o wheel_n be_v fix_v be_v remove_v far_o off_o the_o lathe_n that_o the_o string_n may_v draw_v tight_a upon_o the_o work_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o string_n thus_o cross_v itself_o be_v because_o it_o will_v touch_v and_o gird_v more_o upon_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o work_n and_o consequent_o as_o be_v say_v before_o ¶_o 14._o will_n the_o better_o command_v the_o work_n about_o the_o manner_n of_o turn_v this_o wheel_n be_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o turn_v other_o wheel_n with_o handle_n beside_o the_o command_a heavy_a work_n about_o the_o wheel_n rid_v work_n fast_o off_o than_o the_o pole_n can_v do_v because_o the_o spring_a up_o of_o the_o pole_n make_v a_o intermission_n in_o the_o run_n about_o of_o the_o work_n but_o with_o the_o wheel_n the_o work_n run_v always_o the_o same_o way_n so_o that_o the_o tool_n need_v never_o be_v off_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o work_n as_o it_o be_v do_v when_o the_o wheel_n be_v use_v its_o edge_n stand_v athwart_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n ¶_o 13._o of_o the_o treddle-wheel_n this_o be_v a_o wheel_n make_v of_o a_o round_a board_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n convenient_o to_o stand_v under_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n it_o also_o have_v a_o groove_n on_o its_o edge_n for_o the_o string_n to_o run_v in_o it_o have_v a_o iron_n axis_n with_o a_o crook_n or_o crank_n at_o one_o end_n and_o on_o this_o crook_n be_v slip_v the_o noose_n of_o a_o leather_n t·hong_n which_o have_v its_o other_o end_n fasten_v to_o a_o treddle_v do_v by_o keep_v exact_a time_n in_o tread_v carry_v it_o swift_o about_o without_o intermission_n but_o the_o length_n of_o the_o thong_n must_v be_v so_o fit_v that_o when_o the_o wheel_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o crook_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n hang_v downward_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treddle_v to_o which_o the_o thong_n be_v fasten_v may_v hang_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o the_o ground_n for_o then_o give_v the_o wheel_n a_o small_a turn_n with_o the_o hand_n till_o the_o crook_n rise_v to_o the_o high_a and_o pass_v a_o little_a beyond_o it_o if_o just_o then_o i_o say_v the_o workman_n give_v a_o quick_a tread_v tpon_o the_o treddle_v to_o bring_v the_o crook_n down_o again_o with_o a_o jerk_n that_o tread_n will_v set_v it_o in_o a_o motion_n for_o several_a revolution_n and_o than_o if_o he_o observe_v to_o make_v his_o next_o tread_v just_a when_o the_o crook_n come_v about_o again_o to_o the_o same_o position_n it_o will_v continue_v the_o motion_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o and_o keep_v the_o wheel_n always_o run_v the_o same_o way_n if_o he_o punctual_o time_n his_o tread_v the_o treddle_v wheel_n be_v use_v for_o small_a work_n only_o as_o not_o have_v strength_n enough_o to_o carry_v heavy_a work_n about_o such_o as_o cane-head_n small_a box_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v fit_v below_o the_o cheek_n between_o the_o puppet_n as_o the_o bow_n be_v above_o beside_o these_o invention_n to_o carry_v about_o the_o work_n in_o the_o lathe_n there_o be_v many_o more_o as_o with_o a_o great_a iron_n wheel_n have_v tooth_n on_o its_o edge_n which_o tooth_n be_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o iron_n nut_n upon_o a_o iron_n axis_n pitch_v upon_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o puppet_n of_o the_o lathe_n or_o fit_v into_o collar_n etc._n etc._n also_o for_o very_o heavy_a work_n as_o gun_n great_a mortar_n etc._n etc._n wheel_n turn_v with_o wind_n water_n or_o horse_n to_o carry_v the_o work_n about_o of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n ¶_o 14._o of_o the_o string_n upon_o the_o thin_a end_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v wound_v a_o considerable_a bundle_n of_o string_n that_o as_o a_o mandrel_n require_v to_o be_v big_a than_o ordinary_a or_o the_o work_n heavy_a they_o may_v unwind_v so_o much_o of_o the_o string_n as_o will_v compass_v the_o mandrel_n twice_o or_o if_o the_o work_n be_v heavy_a thrice_o the_o easy_a to_o carry_v it_o about_o this_o string_n be_v make_v of_o the_o gut_n of_o beast_n most_o common_o of_o
you_o must_v alter_v they_o you_o may_v know_v when_o they_o be_v well_o pitch_v by_o tread_v soft_o upon_o your_o treddle_n and_o hold_v your_o finger_n steady_a on_o the_o rest_n direct_v the_o point_n of_o it_o pretty_a close_a to_o the_o work_n for_o if_o in_o a_o revolution_n of_o your_o work_n its_o outside_o keep_v it_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o end_n of_o your_o finger_n you_o may_v conclude_v your_o work_n be_v well_o pitch_v but_o if_o you_o find_v one_o side_n of_o your_o work_n come_v near_o your_o finger_n than_o the_o other_o side_n you_o must_v with_o your_o flat_a chissel_n or_o gouge_n or_o what_o be_v near_a at_o hand_n knock_v soft_o or_o hard_o upon_o that_o side_n that_o come_v near_a to_o your_o finger_n till_o you_o have_v force_v the_o pike_n into_o the_o true_a centre_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o work_n and_o than_o you_o may_v bold_o screw_v it_o hard_o up_o but_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o screw_v it_o hard_o up_o because_o it_o be_v soft_a wood_n you_o purpose_v to_o work_v upon_o and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o pole_n may_v endanger_v the_o draw_n or_o remove_v the_o centre_n if_o the_o pike_n have_v not_o good_a hold_n of_o they_o have_v find_v your_o centre_n take_v your_o work_n again_o off_o the_o pike_n and_o wind_v the_o string_n once_o or_o twice_o more_o about_o your_o work_n that_o your_o string_n as_o i_o say_v in_o numb_a 10._o §_o 1._o when_o i_o write_v of_o the_o string_n may_v the_o better_o command_v it_o and_o then_o wind_v off_o or_o on_o more_o string_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o pole_n or_o end_n of_o your_o treddle_n or_o both_o if_o your_o work_n require_v it_o till_o the_o pole_n draw_v the_o treddle_v up_o a_o little_a above_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o lathe_n for_o about_o the_o height_n your_o leg_n may_v without_o sudden_a try_v command_v the_o pole_n down_o again_o but_o before_o you_o begin_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o stuff_n i_o shall_v inform_v you_o how_o to_o tread_v the_o treddle_v in_o which_o you_o may_v observe_v this_o general_n rule_n that_o the_o near_a the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_v you_o tread_v the_o easy_a you_o bring_v down_o the_o pole_n but_o then_o the_o pole_n in_o its_o spring_n race_n your_o leg_n the_o high_a and_o may_v draw_v the_o upper_a side_n of_o your_o thigh_n against_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n and_o with_o reiterated_a rise_n gawl_n and_o also_o tire_v your_o thigh_n place_v therefore_o your_o foot_n steady_a upon_o the_o treddle_v so_o far_o forward_o as_o you_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o pole_n rise_v from_o draw_v your_o thigh_n against_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o lathe_n and_o tread_v the_o treddle_v nimble_o down_o but_o not_o quite_o so_o low_a as_o to_o knock_v against_o the_o floor_n then_o abate_v the_o weight_n of_o your_o tread_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n draw_v the_o treddle_v up_o but_o still_o keep_v your_o foot_n steady_a and_o light_o bear_v upon_o the_o treddle_n for_o than_o your_o succeed_a tread_v will_n prove_v easy_a to_o your_o leg_n and_o thigh_n and_o you_o will_v with_o your_o foot_n the_o better_a and_o quick_a command_n the_o treddle_v then_o tread_v again_o nimble_o down_o as_o before_o and_o keep_v this_o train_n of_o tread_v till_o your_o work_n be_v finish_v or_o that_o you_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o stop_v and_o examine_v how_o right_o you_o proceed_v in_o all_o small_a work_v the_o tread_n be_v light_o and_o nimble_o perform_v but_o in_o large_a and_o heavy_a work_n the_o tread_n come_v slow_a and_o heavy_o down_o this_o be_v premise_v you_o may_v begin_v with_o your_o gouge_n lay_v the_o round_a side_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o rest_n and_o take_v the_o handle_n of_o it_o in_o your_o right_a hand_n and_o lay_v the_o fore_n and_o middle_a finger_n of_o your_o left_a hand_n upon_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o gouge_n near_o the_o work_n mount_v the_o edge_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o axis_n of_o your_o work_n and_o sink_v your_o right_a hand_n a_o little_a for_o in_o this_o position_n the_o gouge_n cut_v best_a and_o thus_o cut_v down_o on_o your_o work_n near_o one_o end_n a_o groove_n for_o your_o string_n to_o run_v in_o the_o groove_n may_v be_v about_o a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a but_o it_o matter_n not_o much_o what_o depth_n then_o slip_v your_o string_n into_o the_o groove_n and_o if_o you_o find_v the_o string_n will_v not_o slip_v easy_o you_o may_v put_v your_o foot_n under_o the_o treddle_n and_o lift_v it_o a_o little_a up_o that_o the_o string_n when_o no_o weight_n be_v hang_v to_o it_o may_v slide_v the_o easy_a into_o the_o groove_n and_o by_o the_o way_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o deep_a you_o cut_v down_o the_o groove_n the_o often_o will_v your_o work_n come_v about_o every_o tread_n because_o the_o string_n that_o come_v down_o every_o tread_v measure_v a_o small_a circumference_n often_o than_o it_o do_v a_o great_a circumference_n but_o then_o the_o work_n be_v not_o so_o strong_o carry_v about_o because_o it_o have_v a_o less_o portion_n of_o the_o string_n to_o command_v it_o this_o i_o hint_n not_o that_o in_o this_o our_o small_a propose_a pattern_n it_o be_v very_o considerable_a for_o if_o you_o only_o cut_v the_o groove_n down_o but_o so_o low_a as_o there_o may_v be_v a_o shoulder_n at_o the_o end_n and_o another_o against_o the_o work_n to_o keep_v the_o string_n from_o slip_v out_o of_o the_o groove_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a but_o in_o heavy_a work_n this_o groove_n ought_v to_o be_v cut_v with_o discretion_n now_o come_v to_o the_o form_n of_o your_o work_n and_o hold_v your_o gouge_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v before_o but_o somewhat_o light_o against_o your_o work_n begin_v at_o one_o end_n and_o slide_v your_o gouge_n gradual_o to_o the_o other_o cut_v with_o its_o edge_n all_o the_o way_n you_o go_v and_o bear_v somewhat_o stiff_o against_o the_o work_n every_o tread_v you_o make_v on_o the_o treddle_v and_o withdraw_v it_o again_o a_o little_a light_o from_o the_o work_n every_o spring_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o thus_o by_o use_v you_o must_v habituate_v yourself_o to_o let_v the_o edge_n of_o your_o tool_n bear_v upon_o the_o work_n when_o the_o pole_n and_o treddle_n come_v down_o and_o to_o draw_v it_o back_o just_a off_o the_o work_n as_o the_o pole_n and_o treddle_n go_v up_o and_o thus_o you_o must_v continue_v till_o you_o have_v rough-wrought_a all_o your_o work_n from_o end_n to_o end_v if_o you_o have_v not_o at_o first_o bring_v your_o work_n clean_o that_o be_v if_o you_o have_v not_o go_v deep_o enough_o with_o your_o gouge_n to_o take_v off_o all_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o stuff_n the_o draw-knife_n leave_v even_o with_o the_o small_a part_n of_o your_o work_n you_o must_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o before_o work_v it_o over_o again_o but_o you_o must_v have_v a_o special_a care_n you_o take_v not_o too_o much_o stuff_v away_o on_o any_o part_n 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and_o staircase_n aaaa_o joyst_n §_o 15._o of_o frame_v for_o the_o floor_n the_o four_o plate_n ab_fw-la a_fw-la no_o and_o boy_n lie_v on_o the_o foundation_n be_v call_v ground-plate_n they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o good_a oak_n and_o for_o this_o size_n of_o building_n about_o 8_o inch_n broad_a and_o 6_o inch_n deep_a they_o be_v to_o be_v frame_v into_o one_o another_o with_o tenant_n and_o mortess_n the_o long_a ground-plate_n a_o and_o boy_n be_v common_o tennant_v into_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n ground-plate_n ab_fw-la and_o no_o and_o into_o these_o two_o sides-ground-plate_n be_v mortess_n make_v for_o the_o tenant_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o joyst_n to_o be_v fit_v somewhat_o loose_o in_o at_z about_z 10_o inch_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o as_o in_o the_o draft_n these_o ground_n plate_n be_v to_o be_v bore_v with_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a augur_n and_o well_o pin_v into_o one_o another_o with_o round_a oaken_a pin_n make_v taper_v towards_o the_o point_n and_o so_o 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the_o great_a and_o be_v agree_v for_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n the_o joyst_n bear_v at_o 8_o foot_n as_o here_o they_o do_v be_v to_o be_v 7_o inch_n deep_a and_o 3_o inch_n broad_a the_o trimmer_n and_o trim_v joyst_n be_v 5_o inch_n broad_a and_o 7_o inch_n deep_a and_o these_o joyst_n trimmer_n and_o trimming-joysts_a be_v all_o to_o be_v pin_v into_o their_o respect_a mortess_n and_o then_o its_o flatness_n try_v with_o the_o level_n as_o be_v teach_v §_o 7._o §_o 16._o of_o set_v up_o the_o carcase_n though_o the_o ground-plate_n girder_n etc._n etc._n be_v part_n of_o the_o carcase_n yet_o i_o think_v fit_a in_o the_o last_o section_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v before_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o superstructure_n which_o i_o shall_v now_o handle_v the_o four_o corner_n post_v call_v the_o principal_a post_n mark_v aa_n shall_v be_v each_o of_o one_o piece_n so_o long_o as_o to_o reach_v up_o to_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o roof_n or_o raising-plate_n and_o of_o the_o same_o scantlin_n the_o ground_n plate_n be_v of_o viz._n 8_o inch_n broad_a and_o 6_o inch_n thick_a and_o set_v with_o one_o of_o its_o narrow_a side_n towards_o the_o front_n it_o be_v low_a end_n be_v to_o be_v tennant_v and_o let_v it_o into_o a_o mortess_n make_v near_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o ground-plate_n frame_n and_o its_o upper_a end_n have_v also_o a_o tenant_n on_o it_o to_o fit_v into_o a_o mortess_n make_v in_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o roof_n or_o raising-piece_n at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o first_o story_n in_o this_o principal_a post_n must_v be_v make_v two_o mortess_n one_o to_o receive_v the_o tenant_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bressummer_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o to_o entertain_v the_o tenant_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bressummer_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o return-side_n two_o such_o mortess_n must_v also_o be_v make_v in_o this_o principal_a post_n at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o second_o story_n to_o receive_v the_o tenant_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bressummer_n for_o that_o story_n though_o i_o have_v speak_v singular_o of_o one_o principal_a post_n yet_o as_o you_o work_v this_o you_o must_v work_v all_o four_o principal_a post_n and_o then_o set_v they_o plumb_n upright_o which_o you_o must_v try_v with_o a_o plumb-line_n describe_v in_o plate_n 8_o §_o have_v erect_v the_o principal_a post_n upright_o you_o must_v enter_v the_o tenant_n of_o the_o bressummer_n into_o their_o proper_a mortess_n and_o with_o a_o nail_n or_o two_o about_o a_o single_a ten_o or_o adouble_v ten_o tack_v one_o end_n of_o a_o deal_n board_n or_o some_o other_o like_o piece_n of_o stuff_n to_o the_o bressummer_n and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o frame_a work_n of_o the_o floor_n to_o keep_v the_o principal_a post_n upright_o and_o in_o their_o place_n then_o set_v up_o the_o several_a post_n between_o the_o principal_a post_n but_o these_o post_n must_v be_v tennant_v at_o each_o end_n because_o they_o be_v to_o be_v no_o long_o than_o to_o reach_v from_o story_n to_o story_n or_o from_o entertise_v to_o entertise_v and_o be_v to_o be_v frame_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o bressummer_n if_o the_o entertise_n be_v not_o long_a enough_o they_o set_v up_o a_o principal_a post_n between_o two_o or_o three_o length_n to_o reach_v from_o the_o ground-plate_n up_o to_o the_o raising-plate_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o bressummer_n and_o girder_n be_v lay_v flat_a upon_o one_o of_o their_o broad_a side_n with_o their_o two_o narrow_a side_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o ground-plot_n but_o the_o joyst_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v contrary_a for_o they_o be_v frame_v so_o as_o to_o lie_v with_o one_o of_o their_o narrow_a side_n upward_o with_o there_o two_o broad_a side_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o ground-plot_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o stuff_n of_o the_o bressummer_n and_o girder_n be_v less_o weaken_v by_o cut_v the_o mortess_n in_o they_o in_o this_o position_n than_o in_o the_o other_o position_n for_o as_o the_o tenant_n for_o those_o mortess_n be_v cut_v between_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n side_n and_o the_o flat_a of_o the_o tenant_n be_v no_o broad_a than_o the_o flat_a of_o the_o narrow_a side_n of_o the_o joyst_n so_o the_o mortess_n they_o be_v to_o fit_v into_o need_v be_v no_o broad_a than_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o consequent_o the_o mortess_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o a_o inch_n mortess-chissel_a as_o be_v show_v numb_a 5._o §_o 17._o for_o great_a care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o the_o bressummer_n and_o girder_n be_v not_o weaken_v more_o than_o needs_o lest_o the_o whole_a floor_n dance_v these_o tenant_n be_v
saw_v joyst_n in_o length_n 8_o 6_o 4_o lath_n in_o length_n 5_o 4_o 1_o 1_o 4_o 1_o quarter_n and_o ½_o inch_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr inches_n stone_n where_o stone_n be_v use_v to_o keep_v to_o these_o scantlins_n first_o sort_n of_o house_n corner_n peer_n 18_o square_a middle_a or_o single_a peer_n 14_o and_o 12_o double_a peer_n between_o house_n and_o house_n 14_o and_o 18_o door-jamb_n and_o head_n 12_o and_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr foot_n inches_n 2d_o &_o 3d_o sort_n corner_n peer_n 2_o 6_o square_v middle_n or_o single_a peer_n 18_o square_a double_a peer_n between_o house_n and_o house-24_a and_o 18_o door-jamb_n and_o head_n 14_o and_o 10_o  _fw-fr foot_n thickness_n scantlins_n for_o sewer_n 3_o wide_a side-wall_n 1_o brick_n ½_o bottom_n pave_v plain_a and_o then_o 1_o brick_n on_o edge_n circular_a 5_o high_a arch_n 1_o brick_n on_o end_n general_a rule_n in_o every_o foundation_n within_o the_o ground_n add_v one_o brick_n in_o thickness_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n next_o above_o the_o foundation_n to_o be_v set_v off_o in_o three_o course_n equal_o on_o both_o side_n that_o no_o timbor_n be_v lay_v within_o twelve_o inch_n of_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o chimney-jamb_n and_o that_o all_o joyst_n on_o the_o back_n of_o any_o chimney_n be_v lay_v with_o a_o trimmer_n at_o six_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o back_n that_o no_o timber_n be_v lay_v within_o the_o tunnel_n of_o any_o chimney_n upon_o penalty_n to_o the_o workman_n for_o every_o default_n ten_o shilling_n and_o ten_o shilling_n every_o week_n it_o continue_v unreformed_a that_o no_o joyct_n or_o rafter_n be_v lay_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o than_o twelve_o inch_n and_o no_o quarter_n at_o great_a distance_n than_o fourteen_o inch_n that_o no_o joyst_n bear_v at_o long_a length_n than_o ten_o foot_n and_o no_o single_a rafter_n at_o more_o in_o length_n than_o nine_o foot_n that_o all_o roof_n window-frames_a and_o cellar-floor_n be_v make_v of_o oak_n the_o tile-pin_n of_o oak_n no_o summer_n of_o girder_n to_o lie_v over_o the_o head_n of_o door_n and_o window_n no_o summer_n or_o girder_n to_o lie_v less_o than_o ten_o inch_n into_o the_o wall_n no_o joyst_n than_o eight_o inch_n and_o to_o be_v lay_v in_o lome_n but_o yet_o the_o carcase_n be_v not_o complete_v till_o the_o quarter_n and_o brace_n between_o the_o principal_a post_n and_o post_n be_v fit_v in_o the_o window_n frame_v make_v and_o set_v up_o and_o the_o principal_a rafter_n purlin_n gable_n etc._n etc._n be_v also_o frame_v and_o set_v up_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o pitch_n and_o scantlins_n you_o will_v see_v in_o plate_n 11._o and_o the_o reason_n for_o several_a pitch_v you_o may_v find_v among_o book_n of_o architecture_n but_o the_o name_n of_o every_o member_n you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o alphabetical_a table_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o these_o exercise_n on_o carpentry_n refer_v unto_o by_o letter_n and_o arithmetical_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n aforesaid_a but_o now_o we_o will_v suppose_v the_o carcase_n be_v thus_o finish_v the_o bricklayer_n be_v then_o to_o bring_v up_o the_o chilmny_n and_o afterward_o to_o tile_n the_o house_n and_o then_o the_o next_o work_v the_o carpenter_n have_v to_o do_v be_v to_o bring_v up_o the_o stair_n and_o staircase_n and_o afterward_o to_o floor_n the_o room_n and_o hang_v the_o door_n etc._n etc._n for_o shall_v he_o either_o bring_v up_o the_o stair_n and_o staircase_n or_o floor_n the_o room_n before_o the_o house_n be_v tile_v or_o otherwise_o cover_v if_o wet_a wether_n shall_v happen_v it_o may_v injure_v the_o stair_n flooring_n etc._n etc._n a_o the_o ground-plate_n or_o groundsell_a bb_n bb_n the_o principal_a post_n cc_o the_o bind_v intertise_n or_o indeed_o more_o proper_o interduce_v bressummer_n girder_n d_o beam_n of_o the_o roof_n bressummer_n or_o girder_n to_o the_o garret_n floor_n i_fw-mi principal_a rafter_n ff_o bressummers_n g_o plate_n or_o raising-piece_n also_o a_o beam_n aa_o jaums_n or_o door-post_n bb_n brace_n cc_o jaums_n d_o top-rail_a of_o the_o balcony_n ee_o bottom-rail_a of_o the_o balcony_n fff_o post_n of_o the_o balcony_n ggg_o banister_n hh_o bressummer_n for_o the_o shop-window_n h_o king-piece_n or_o joggle-piece_n two_o strut_v kk_v top-beam_n coller-beam_n wind-beam_n strut-beam_n lll_o door-head_n two_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n k_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rafter_n jik_fw-mi the_o gable-end_n ll_o knee_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n to_o be_v make_v all_o of_o one_o piece_n with_o the_o principal_a rafter_n m_o the_o fust_v of_o the_o house_n nn_n purlins_n oh_o shop-window_n pp_n flap_n or_o fall_v mmm_o quarter_n nn_n jaums_n of_o the_o window_n oh_o back_o and_o head_n of_o the_o window_n pp_n transum_n qq_fw-fr munnion_n rr_z furring_n or_o shred_n v._o single_a light_a window_n or_o luteons_n sss_n rafter_n §_o 16._o of_o window_n frames_n in_o brick_n building_n the_o window_n frames_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o head-sell_a groundsell_a and_o transum_n run_v though_o the_o outer_a jaums_n about_o four_o inch_n beyond_o they_o and_o so_o they_o be_v set_v in_o a_o lay_v of_o mortar_n upon_o the_o brick_n wall_n before_o the_o peer_n on_o either_o side_n be_v bring_v up_o at_o about_o three_o inch_n within_o the_o front_n so_o that_o the_o brick_n work_n over_o the_o head_n and_o about_o the_o jaums_n defend_v it_o from_o the_o wether_n then_o the_o bricklayer_n bring_v up_o the_o peer_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o the_o four_o end_n or_o tenant_n that_o project_n through_o the_o outer_a jaums_n be_v bury_v and_o trim_v into_o the_o brickwork_n become_v a_o fasten_n to_o the_o window-frame_n but_o if_o the_o window-frame_n stand_v on_o a_o timber-house_n the_o head_n and_o groundsell_a be_v sometime_o tennant_v into_o post_n of_o the_o carcase_n and_o then_o the_o post_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o outer_a jaums_n of_o the_o window-frame_n and_o the_o head_n and_o groundsell_a be_v then_o call_v entertise_n and_o therefore_o both_o head_n and_o groundsell_a and_o post_n or_o jaums_n be_v rabbet_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o front_n to_o receive_v the_o pane_n of_o glass_n that_o be_v fit_v to_o it_o and_o thus_o as_o i_o say_v the_o post_n become_v part_n of_o the_o window-frame_n but_o the_o better_a way_n be_v to_o frame_v a_o window_n as_o the_o brickwork_n window_n and_o to_o project_v it_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a beyond_o the_o side_n of_o the_o building_n and_o to_o plaster_n against_o its_o side_n for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o carcase_n from_o the_o weather_n the_o window-frame_n have_v every_o one_o of_o its_o light_n rabbet_v on_o its_o outside_n about_o half_a on_o inch_n into_o the_o frame_n and_o all_o these_o rabbit_n but_o that_o on_o the_o groundsell_a be_v groove_v square_a but_o the_o rabbit_n on_o the_o groundsell_a be_v bevel_v downward_o that_o rain_n or_o snow_n etc._n etc._n may_v the_o free_o fall_v off_o it_o into_o these_o rabbit_n the_o several_a pane_n of_o glass-work_n be_v set_v and_o fasten_v by_o the_o glazier_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v when_o i_o come_v to_o exercise_n upon_o glaze_v the_o square_a corner_n of_o the_o frame_n next_o the_o glass_n be_v bevel_v away_o both_o on_o the_o out_o and_o inside_n of_o the_o building_n that_o the_o light_n may_v the_o free_o play_v upon_o the_o glass_n and_o upon_o that_o bevel_n be_v common_o stick_v a_o mould_v for_o ornament_n sake_n according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o workman_n but_o more_o general_o according_a to_o the_o various_a mode_n of_o the_o time_n §_o 17._o of_o stair_n and_o staircase_n several_a writer_n of_o architecture_n have_v deliver_v different_a rule_n for_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o step_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o several_a capacity_n of_o the_o staircase_n they_o forbid_v more_o than_o six_o and_o less_o than_o four_o inch_n for_o the_o height_n of_o each_o step_n and_o more_o than_o sixteen_o and_o lest_o than_o twelve_o for_o the_o breadth_n of_o each_o step._n but_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v they_o mean_v these_o measure_n shall_v be_v observe_v in_o large_a and_o sumptuous_a building_n but_o we_o have_v here_o propose_v a_o ordinary_a private_a house_n which_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o such_o measure_n for_o want_v of_o room_n therefore_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n the_o first_o and_o second_o pair_n of_o stair_n the_o step_n shall_v be_v about_o 7⅓_n inches_n high_a and_o 10_o inch_n broad_a the_o three_o pair_n of_o stair_n each_o step_n may_v be_v about_o 6_o ½_o inches_n high_a and_o 9_o ½_o inches_n broad_a and_o for_o the_o four_o pair_n of_o stair_n each_o step_n may_v be_v
about_o 6_o inch_n high_a and_o 9_o inch_n broad_a but_o this_o rule_n they_o do_v or_o shall_v follow_v viz._n to_o make_v all_o the_o step_v belong_v to_o the_o same_o pair_n of_o stair_n of_o a_o equal_a height_n which_o to_o do_v they_o first_o consider_v the_o height_n of_o the_o room_n in_o foot_n and_o odd_a inch_n if_o any_o odd_a be_v and_o multiply_v the_o foot_n by_o 12_o who_o product_n with_o the_o number_n of_o odd_a inch_n give_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a height_n in_o inch_n which_o sum_n they_o divide_v by_o the_o number_n of_o step_n they_o intend_v to_o have_v in_o that_o height_n and_o the_o quotient_n shall_v be_v the_o number_n of_o inch_n and_o part_n that_o each_o step_n shall_v be_v high_a or_o if_o they_o first_o design_v the_o height_n of_o each_o step_n in_o inches_n they_o try_v by_o arithmetic_n how_o many_o time_n the_o height_n of_o a_o step_v they_o can_v have_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a height_n of_o the_o story_n and_o so_o know_v the_o number_n 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shank_n put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o joint-coller_n describe_v in_o plate_n 13._o fig._n g._n that_o will_v best_o fit_v it_o which_o hole_n stand_v direct_o against_o the_o pike_n in_o the_o hinder_a puppet_n and_o receive_v the_o shank_n into_o it_o guide_v the_o mandrel_n about_o as_o if_o it_o be_v pitch_n upon_o two_o centre_n and_o the_o work_n be_v force_v stiff_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o this_o mandrel_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o with_o it_o expose_v the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o work_n bare_a and_o free_a from_o the_o joynt-coller_n and_o not_o impede_v by_o spikes_n from_o come_v at_o the_o work_n so_o that_o with_o the_o hook_n grooving-hook_n gouge_n or_o flat-chissel_a according_a as_o your_o work_n require_v you_o may_v come_v at_o it_o to_o turn_v your_o intend_a form_n hollow_a mandrel_n be_v also_o use_v in_o collar_n that_o open_v not_o with_o a_o joint_n but_o then_o the_o spindle_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o have_v a_o screw_n just_a at_o 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courser_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v make_v the_o shank_n as_o long_o as_o you_o will_v that_o you_o may_v have_v the_o more_o variety_n of_o size_n for_o screw_n these_o sort_n of_o mandrel_n be_v make_v for_o the_o make_n of_o screw_n to_o box_n and_o their_o lid_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n ¶_o 5._o of_o socket_n or_o chock_n belong_v to_o the_o screw-mandrel_a to_o this_o screw-mandrel_a belong_v so_o many_o socket_n as_o there_o be_v several_a size_n of_o screw_n on_o the_o shank_n they_o be_v mark_v f5_n in_o plate_n 15._o a_o the_o socket_n or_o chock_n b_o b_o the_o wooden_a pin_n c_o the_o stay_n d_o d_o the_o notch_n to_o slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a these_o hollow_a socket_n have_v female_a screw_n in_o they_o make_v before_o the_o notch_n to_o slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a of_o the_o screw-mandrel_a be_v cut_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v female-screws_a be_v teach_v numb_a 2._o fol._n 29_o 30_o 31._o only_o instead_o of_o a_o tap_n use_v there_o you_o use_v the_o several_a and_o different_a size_n of_o screw_n make_v on_o the_o screws-mandrel_a to_o do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o tap_n into_o each_o respective_a socket_n which_o socket_n be_v only_o make_v of_o hard_a wood_n it_o will_v easy_o perform_v though_o the_o shank_n or_o axis_n be_v but_o iron_n therefore_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o each_o of_o the_o male-screws_a on_o the_o screw-mandrel_a be_v fit_v such_o a_o socket_n that_o you_o may_v choose_v a_o thread_n courser_n or_o fine_a as_o you_o please_v but_o this_o female-screw_a be_v open_a or_o have_v a_o notch_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o that_o it_o may_v slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a and_o the_o thread_n of_o each_o other_o fit_a into_o each_o other_o grooves_n and_o when_o they_o be_v thus_o fit_v to_o one_o another_o the_o further_a or_o open_a side_n of_o the_o male-screw_a be_v gage_v in_o or_o pine_v on_o the_o female-screw_a with_o a_o wooden_a pin_n thrust_v through_o two_o opposite_a holes_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o wooden_a socket_n that_o it_o shake_v not_o when_o the_o treddle_n come_v down_o in_o work_v and_o the_o socket_n be_v fit_v on_o its_o proper_a screw_n and_o pin_v stiff_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o stay_v hold_v down_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lathe_n then_o will_v the_o socket_n and_o consequent_o the_o stay_v slide_v farward_n upon_o the_o male-screws_a so_o that_o a_o tool_n hold_v steady_a on_o any_o part_n of_o the_o stay_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o out_o or_o inside_n of_o your_o work_n that_o tool_n point_n will_v describe_v and_o cut_v a_o screw_n who_o thread_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o fineness_n that_o the_o screw_v and_o the_o shank_n be_v of_o §_o vii_o of_o collar_n there_o be_v several_a fashion_a collar_n as_o the_o joynt-coller_n mark_v g_z the_o round-coller_n mark_v h_n and_o the_o choler_n mark_v i_o in_o plate_n 13._o the_o joynt-coller_n be_v make_v of_o two_o iron_n cheek_n mark_v b_o b_o which_o move_v upon_o a_o joint_n c_o at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v set_v close_o together_o or_o else_o open_v as_o the_o two_o inside_n of_o the_o joynt-rule_n carpenter_n use_n to_o do_v on_o the_o the_o inner_a edge_n of_o each_o cheek_n be_v form_v as_o many_o half-round_a holes_n or_o semi-cirles_a as_o you_o please_v or_o the_o length_n of_o the_o cheek_n will_v convenient_o admit_v these_o semicircle_n be_v make_v of_o different_a diameter_n that_o they_o may_v fit_v the_o shanks_n or_o neck_n of_o different_a size_v mandrel_n and_o these_o semicircle_n must_v be_v make_v so_o exact_o against_o each_o other_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cheek_n that_o when_o the_o two_o cheek_n move_v upon_o their_o joint_n be_v clap_v close_o together_o the_o semicircle_n on_o both_o the_o cheek_n shall_v become_v a_o perfect_a round_a hole_n or_o circumference_n near_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o these_o cheek_n be_v fasten_v with_o a_o center-pin_n a_o square_a iron_n coller_n mark_v d_o with_o a_o small_a handle_n to_o it_o mark_v e._n this_o square_a choler_n be_v make_v to_o contain_v the_o breadth_n of_o both_o the_o cheek_n when_o they_o be_v shut_v together_o and_o to_o hold_v they_o so_o fast_o together_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o start_v asunder_o and_o yet_o be_v make_v so_o fit_a that_o it_o may_v slip_v off_o and_o on_o both_o the_o cheek_n mechanic_n exercise_n or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o handiwork_n apply_v to_o the_o art_n of_o turn_v §_o viii_o of_o the_o mawl_v the_o mawl_v be_v mark_v k_o in_o plate_n 13._o the_o figure_n of_o it_o there_o be_v description_n sufficient_a its_o office_n be_v to_o knock_v and_o unknock_v the_o wedge_n in_o the_o puppet_n and_o to_o knock_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o cleave_v knife_n when_o they_o split_v their_o wood_n for_o their_o work_n the_o joyner_n mallet_n will_v supply_v the_o office_n of_o this_o tool_n but_o use_n have_v make_v the_o mawl_v more_o handy_a for_o they_o beside_o when_o one_o be_v batter_v to_o shiver_n 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the_o middle_n of_o that_o string_n in_o a_o noo_v be_v fasten_v another_o strong_a gut-string_n with_o a_o noo_v at_o its_o end_n this_o last_o mention_v string_n be_v make_v exact_o of_o that_o length_n that_o when_o the_o near_a side_n of_o the_o guide_n viz._n it_o be_v least_o diameter_n be_v set_v into_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o guide-pulley_n and_o the_o bow_n be_v strain_v and_o this_o string_n lay_v in_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o string-pulley_n the_o noo_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o may_v be_v put_v over_o the_o iron_n button_n fix_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o moving-coller_n for_o then_o as_o the_o treddle-wheel_n carry_v the_o axis_n about_o the_o guide_n be_v firm_o fasten_v upon_o the_o axis_n come_v also_o about_o and_o have_v the_o groove_n of_o the_o guide-pulley_n set_v against_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o guide_n as_o the_o great_a diameter_n of_o the_o guide_n be_v turn_v against_o the_o guide-pulley_n the_o moving-coller_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o strength_n 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and_o smooth_a as_o a_o table_n yet_o though_o the_o rule_v joiner_n and_o carpenter_n work_n by_o be_v so_o near_o the_o same_o and_o the_o tool_n they_o work_v with_o and_o stuff_v they_o work_v upon_o the_o same_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o requisite_n proper_a to_o a_o carpenter_n especial_o a_o master_n carpenter_n that_o a_o joiner_n need_v take_v little_a notice_n of_o which_o after_o i_o have_v describe_v the_o carpenter_n tool_n that_o be_v not_o express_v among_o the_o joiner_n i_o shall_v speak_v to_o §_o 1._o of_o several_a tool_n use_v in_o carpentry_n that_o be_v not_o use_v in_o joynery_n and_o first_o of_o the_o axe_n the_o axe_n mark_v a_o in_o plate_n 8._o be_v as_o you_o see_v different_a from_o what_o the_o joiner_n hatchet_n be_v both_o in_o size_n and_o form_n there_o be_v being_n a_o light_a hatchet_n with_o a_o basil_n edge_n on_o its_o left_a side_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v with_o one_o hand_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o short_a handle_n but_o the_o 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one_o end_n of_o it_o down_o with_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o foot_n if_o the_o stuff_n be_v long_o enough_o if_o not_o with_o the_o end_n of_o their_o toe_n and_o so_o hew_v it_o light_o away_o to_o their_o size_n or_o form_n or_o both_o §_o 3._o of_o carpenter_n chissel_v in_o general_n though_o carpenter_n for_o their_o fine_a work_n use_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o chissel_v describe_v in_o exercise_n 4._o yet_o be_v not_o those_o sort_n of_o chissel_v strong_a enough_o for_o their_o rough_a and_o more_o common_a work_n and_o therefore_o they_o also_o use_v a_o strong_a sort_n of_o chissel_v and_o distinguish_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o socket-chissels_a for_o whereas_o those_o chissel_v joiner_n use_n have_v their_o wooden_a head_n make_v hollow_a to_o receive_v the_o iron_n sprig_v above_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o shank_n carpenter_n have_v their_o shank_n make_v with_o a_o hollow_a socket_n at_o its_o top_n to_o receive_v a_o strong_a wooden_a sprig_n make_v to_o fit_a into_o that_o socket_n with_o a_o square_a shoulder_n above_o it_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o iron_n of_o the_o socket_n or_o somewhat_o more_o which_o make_v it_o much_o more_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o heavy_a blow_n of_o the_o mallet_n they_o lie_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o chissel_n and_o the_o shanks_n and_o blades_n be_v make_v strong_a for_o carpenter_n use_v than_o they_o be_v for_o joiner_n of_o these_o socket_n chissel_v they_o have_v of_o the_o several_a sort_n describe_v in_o joinery_n though_o not_o all_o several_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n for_o they_o call_v they_o half-inch_n three-quarter-inch_n chissel_v inch_n and_o half_a two-inch_n to_o three-inch_n chissel_n according_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o blade_n but_o their_o uses_n be_v the_o same_o mention_v in_o joinery_n though_o the_o manner_n of_o use_v they_o be_v somewhat_o different_a too_o for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o joinery_n the_o joiner_n press_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o blade_n into_o the_o stuff_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o shoulder_n but_o the_o carpenter_n with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o mallet_n and_o the_o joiner_n guide_n their_o chissel_v different_o from_o what_o the_o carpenter_n do_v their_o socket_n chissel_v for_o the_o joiner_n hold_n the_o shank_n and_o blade_n of_o their_o chissel_v as_o i_o describe_v in_o numb_a 4._o sect._n 11._o but_o the_o carpenter_n hold_v the_o shank_n of_o their_o chissel_v in_o their_o clutch_v leave_v hand_n and_o beat_v upon_o the_o head_n with_o the_o mallet_n in_o the_o right_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o socket_n chissel_n in_o plate_n 8._o c._n with_o its_o head_n a_o out_o of_o the_o socket_n §_o 4._o of_o the_o rip_v chissel_n and_o its_o use_n the_o rip_v chissel_n describe_v plate_n 8._o d._n be_v a_o socket_n chissel_n and_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n broad_a and_o have_v a_o blunt_a edge_n it_o be_v edge_n have_v not_o a_o basil_n as_o almost_o all_o other_o chissel_v 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break_v it_o short_a asunder_o if_o you_o can_v at_o once_o place_v the_o ripping-chissel_a part_n the_o two_o piece_n you_o must_v use_v two_o ripping-chissels_a place_v the_o second_o at_o the_o remote_a entrance_n in_o the_o breach_n and_o drive_v that_o home_n will_v both_o open_v the_o breach_n wide_o and_o loosen_v the_o first_o ripping-chissel_a so_o that_o you_o may_v take_v it_o out_o again_o and_o place_n it_o far_o in_o the_o breach_n and_o so_o you_o must_v continue_v edge_v far_a and_o far_o till_o you_o have_v separate_v your_o intend_a piece_n it_o be_v sometime_o use_v when_o carpenter_n have_v commit_v error_n in_o their_o work_n and_o must_v undo_v what_o they_o do_v to_o mend_v it_o but_o it_o
be_v general_o use_v in_o all_o alteration_n and_o old_a work_n §_o 5._o of_o the_o draw-knife_n and_o its_o use_n the_o draw-knife_n describe_v plate_n 8._o e._n be_v seldom_o use_v about_o house-building_n but_o for_o the_o make_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o the_o leg_n of_o cricket_n the_o round_n of_o ladder_n the_o rail_n to_o lay_v cheese_n or_o bacon_n on_o etc._n etc._n when_o they_o use_v it_o they_o set_v one_o end_n of_o their_o work_n against_o their_o breast_n and_o the_o other_o end_n against_o their_o work_n bench_n or_o some_o hollow_a angle_n that_o may_v keep_v it_o from_o slip_v and_o so_o press_v the_o work_n a_o little_a hard_a with_o their_o breast_n against_o the_o bench_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a in_o its_o position_n they_o with_o the_o handle_v of_o the_o draw-knife_n in_o both_o their_o hand_n enter_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o draw-knife_n into_o the_o work_n and_o draw_v chip_n almost_o the_o length_n of_o their_o work_n and_o so_o smoothen_fw-ge it_o quick_o §_o 6._o of_o hook-pin_n and_o their_o use_n the_o hook-pin_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o f._n a_o the_o pin_n b_o the_o hook_n c_o the_o head_n its_o office_n be_v to_o pin_v the_o frame_n of_o a_o floor_n or_o frame_n of_o a_o roof_n together_o whilst_o it_o be_v frame_v or_o whilst_o it_o be_v fit_v into_o its_o position_n they_o have_v many_o of_o these_o hook-pin_n to_o drive_v into_o the_o several_a angle_n of_o the_o frame_n these_o they_o drive_v into_o the_o pin-hole_n through_o the_o mortess_n and_o tenant_n and_o be_v make_v taper_n do_v with_o a_o hammer_n strike_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o knock_v it_o out_o again_o or_o they_o most_o common_o strike_v under_o the_o hook_n and_o so_o knock_v it_o out_o then_o if_o the_o frame_n lie_v in_o its_o place_n they_o pin_n it_o up_o with_o wooden_a pin_n §_o 7._o of_o the_o level_n and_o its_o use_n the_o level_n describe_v plate_n 8._o g._n a_o a_o the_o level_n b_o the_o plumbet_n c_o the_o plumb-line_n d_o d_o the_o perpendicular_a mark_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o board_n the_o level_n be_v from_o two_o to_o ten_o foot_n long_o that_o it_o may_v reach_v over_o a_o considerable_a length_n of_o the_o work_n if_o the_o plumb-line_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o perpendicular_a d_o d_o when_o the_o level_n be_v set_v flat_o down_o upon_o the_o work_n the_o work_n be_v level_n but_o if_o it_o hang_v on_o either_o side_n the_o perpendicular_a the_o floor_n or_o work_v must_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o side_n till_o the_o plumb-line_n hang_v exact_o upon_o the_o perpendicular_a §_o 8._o of_o the_o plumb-line_n and_o its_o use_n the_o plumb-line_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o h._n a_o the_o line_n rowl_n b_o the_o line_n it_o be_v use_v to_o try_v the_o upright_o stand_v of_o post_n or_o other_o work_n that_o be_v to_o stand_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o ground_n plot_n and_o then_o they_o draw_v off_o so_o much_o line_n as_o be_v necessary_a and_o fasten_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o line_n there_o upon_o the_o line_n rowl_n with_o a_o slip-knot_n that_o no_o more_o line_n turn_v off_o they_o hold_v the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n between_o their_o finger_n and_o thumb_n half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o line_n rowl_n off_o one_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n or_o work_v and_o if_o the_o line_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n be_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o the_o post_n be_v upright_o but_o if_o the_o post_n be_v not_o parallel_v to_o the_o line_n but_o its_o bottom_n stand_v more_o than_o half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o line_n rowl_n from_o the_o line_n the_o post_n hang_v so_o much_o over_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o post_n on_o that_o side_n the_o line_n bear_v off_o and_o must_v be_v force_v backward_o till_o the_o side_n of_o the_o post_n and_o the_o line_n become_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o but_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n stand_v out_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o line_n the_o post_n must_v be_v 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narrow_a carr._n it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o carriage_n of_o timber_n and_o then_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o handle_n aa_o by_o two_o or_o more_o man_n according_a as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o timber_n may_v require_v there_o be_v also_o some_o engine_n use_v in_o carpentry_n for_o the_o management_n of_o their_o heavy_a timber_n and_o hard_a labour_n viz._n the_o jack_n the_o crab_n to_o which_o belong_v pulley_n and_o tackle_n etc._n etc._n wedge_n ruler_n great_a screw_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o they_o when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o term_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o carpentry_n §_o 13._o of_o the_o ten-foot_n rod_n and_o thereby_o to_o measure_v and_o describe_v the_o ground-plot_n we_o shall_v begin_v therefore_o to_o measure_v the_o ground-plot_n to_o which_o carpenter_n use_v a_o ten-foot_n rod_n for_o expedition_n which_o be_v a_o rod_n about_o a_o inch_n square_a and_o ten_o foot_n long_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o equal_a part_n each_o part_n contain_v one_o foot_n even_o as_o the_o two-foot_n rule_v describe_v in_o exercise_n 6._o §_o 13._o be_v divide_v into_o 24_o equal_a part_n and_o their_o sub-division_n with_o this_o rod_n they_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o ground-plot_n into_o foot_n and_o if_o there_o be_v odd_a inch_n they_o measure_v they_o with_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n their_o measure_n they_o note_v down_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n and_o have_v consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o side_n east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n they_o draw_v on_o paper_n their_o several_a side_n according_o by_o a_o small_a scale_n either_o elect_v or_o
board_n till_o the_o whole_a floor_n be_v board_v but_o if_o these_o board_n be_v not_o long_a enough_o as_o i_o hint_v before_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o whole_a room_n they_o examine_v how_o true_a the_o end_n lie_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o one_o another_o by_o apply_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n to_o the_o end_n and_o where_o the_o end_n of_o any_o board_n keep_v of_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n from_o comply_v with_o the_o whole_a range_n of_o end_n they_o with_o the_o chissel_n and_o mallet_n cut_v off_o that_o irregularity_n hold_v and_o guide_v the_o chissel_n so_o that_o it_o may_v rather_o cut_v away_o more_o of_o the_o bottom_n than_o top_n of_o the_o board_n that_o so_o the_o board_n join_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o lay_v board_n may_v make_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o floor_n the_o fine_a and_o true_a joint_n have_v thus_o board_v the_o whole_a room_n notwithstanding_o they_o use_v their_o best_a diligence_n to_o do_v it_o exact_o yet_o may_v the_o edge_n of_o some_o board_n lie_n somewhat_o high_a than_o the_o board_n it_o lie_v next_o to_o therefore_o they_o peruse_v the_o whole_a floor_n and_o wherethey_a find_v any_o irregularity_n they_o plane_n they_o off_o with_o the_o plane_n etc._n etc._n §_o 19_o the_o hang_v of_o door_n window_n etc._n etc._n the_o floor_n be_v board_v the_o next_o work_n be_v to_o hang_v the_o door_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v little_a difficulty_n yet_o be_v there_o much_o care_n to_o be_v take_v that_o the_o door_n open_a and_o shut_v well_o if_o the_o door_n have_v a_o door-case_n as_o chamber-door_n and_o closet-door_n common_o have_v the_o jaums_n of_o the_o door-case_n must_v stand_v exact_o perpendicular_a which_o you_o must_v try_v by_o the_o plumb-line_n as_o by_o §_o 8._o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o door-case_n or_o entertise_v must_v be_v fit_v exact_o square_a to_o the_o jaums_n as_o you_o where_o teach_v numb_a 3._o §_o 17_o 18_o 19_o and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o door_n must_v be_v make_v exact_o square_a and_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door_n to_o fit_v exact_o into_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door-case_n but_o yet_o they_o common_o make_v the_o door_n about_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n short_a than_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o jaums_n of_o the_o door-case_n lest_o if_o the_o board_n of_o the_o floor_n chance_v to_o swell_v within_o the_o sweep_n of_o the_o door_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o door_n shall_v drag_v upon_o the_o floor_n they_o consider_v what_o sort_n of_o hinge_n be_v proper_a for_o the_o door_n they_o be_v to_o hang._n when_o they_o have_v a_o street-door_n which_o common_o be_v to_o take_v off_o and_o lift_v on_o they_o use_v hook_n and_o hinge_n in_o a_o battend-door_n backdoor_n or_o other_o battend-door_n or_o shop-window_n they_o use_v cross-garnets_a if_o a_o frame_v door_n side_n hinge_n and_o for_o cupboard_n door_n and_o such_o like_a duftail_n see_v the_o description_n of_o these_o hinge_n in_o numb_a 1._o fig._n 1._o 5_o 6._o but_o what_o sort_n of_o hinge_n soever_o they_o use_v they_o have_v care_n to_o provide_v they_o of_o a_o strength_n proportionable_a to_o the_o size_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o door_n they_o hang_v with_o they_o well-made_a hinge_n i_o have_v describe_v numb_a 1._o fol._n 20._o whither_o to_o avoid_v repetition_n i_o refer_v you_o if_o they_o hand_n a_o street-door_n which_o be_v common_o about_o six_o foot_n high_a they_o first_o drive_v the_o hook_n into_o the_o door-post_n by_o enter_v the_o post_n first_o with_o a_o augur_n but_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o augur_n must_v be_v less_o than_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o hook_n and_o the_o hole_n bore_v not_o so_o long_o because_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o hook_n must_v be_v strong_o force_v into_o the_o augure-hole_n and_o shall_v the_o augure-hole_n be_v too_o wide_a the_o shank_n will_v be_v loose_a in_o it_o and_o not_o stick_v strong_a enough_o in_o it_o therefore_o if_o the_o shank_n be_v a_o inch_n square_a a_o half-inch-augure_n be_v big_a enough_o to_o bear_v that_o hole_n with_o because_o it_o will_v then_o endure_v the_o heavy_a blow_n of_o a_o hammer_n to_o drive_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o must_v go_v and_o the_o strong_a it_o be_v force_v in_o the_o fast_o the_o hook_n stick_v but_o yet_o they_o be_v carful_a not_o to_o split_v the_o door-post_n these_o hook_n be_v common_o drive_v in_o about_o fifteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o groundsell_a and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o top_n of_o the_o door_n it_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v their_o care_n to_o choose_v the_o pin_n of_o the_o low_a hook_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o than_o that_o they_o use_v for_o the_o upper_a hook_n or_o else_o to_o make_v it_o so_o because_o these_o door_n be_v common_o unwieldy_a to_o lift_v off_o and_o on_o especial_o to_o lift_v both_o the_o hinge_n on_o both_o the_o hook_n at_o once_o therefore_o when_o the_o low_a hinge_v be_v lift_v on_o the_o low_a hook_n if_o the_o door_n be_v then_o lift-perpendicular_o upright_o so_o high_a as_o the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o upper_a hinge_v may_o just_a reach_v the_o top_n of_o the_o upper_a hook_n you_o may_v the_o easy_o slip_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o upper_a hinge_v upon_o the_o hook_n whereas_o if_o the_o low_a hook_n be_v either_o short_a or_o just_o no_o long_o than_o the_o other_o instead_o of_o lift_v it_o ready_o upon_o the_o upper_a hook_n you_o may_v lift_v it_o off_o the_o low_a hook_n and_o so_o begin_v the_o labour_n again_o have_v drive_v in_o the_o hook_n they_o set_v the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door_n within_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door-post_n and_o underlay_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o door_n with_o a_o chip_n or_o two_o about_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n thick_a to_o raise_v the_o door_n that_o it_o drag_v not_o then_o they_o put_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o hinge_n over_o the_o pin_n of_o the_o hook_n and_o place_v the_o tail_n piece_n of_o the_o hinge_n parallel_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o top_n of_o the_o door_n they_o so_o nail_v they_o upon_o this_o be_v the_o rule_n they_o general_o observe_v for_o hang_v door_n shop-window_n etc._n etc._n only_o sometime_o instead_o of_o nailing_n the_o hinge_n upon_o the_o door_n they_o rivet_v they_o on_o for_o more_o strength_n and_o then_o after_o they_o have_v fit_v the_o door_n or_o window_n into_o its_o rabbit_n and_o lay_v the_o hinge_n in_o there_o proper_a place_n and_o position_n as_o aforesaid_a they_o make_v mark_n in_o the_o nail-hole_n of_o the_o hinge_v with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o compass_n upon_o the_o door_n and_o at_o those_o mark_n they_o pierce_v hole_n with_o a_o piercer-bit_a that_o fit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o rivet_n then_o they_o put_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o rivet_n through_o the_o hole_n make_v in_o the_o door_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rivet_n be_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o door_n and_o they_o also_o put_v the_o end_n of_o the_o shank_n into_o the_o nail-hole_n of_o the_o hinge_v and_o so_o whilst_o another_o man_n hold_v the_o head_n of_o the_o hatchet_n against_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rivet_n they_o with_o the_o pen_n of_o their_o hammer_n batter_v and_o spread_v the_o flat_a end_n of_o the_o shank_n over_o the_o hole_n as_o be_v show_v numb_a 2._o fol._n 24._o 25._o the_o title_n of_o some_o book_n of_o architecture_n sebastion_n seirlio_n in_o folio_n hans_n bloom'_v five_o column_n folio_n vignola_n in_o folio_n vignola_n or_o the_o complete_a architect_n in_o octavo_n scamotzi_n quarto_n palladio_n quarto_n sir_n henry_n wotton_n element_n of_o architecture_n quarto_n these_o book_n be_v all_o print_v in_o english_a but_o there_o be_v many_o other_o extant_a in_o several_a other_o language_n of_o which_o vitruvius_n be_v the_o chief_a for_o from_o his_o book_n the_o rest_n be_v general_o derive_v as_o philip_n le_fw-fr orm_n ditterlin_n marlois_n and_o many_o other_o which_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v have_v among_o bookseller_n and_o these_o sufficient_a for_o information_n i_o shall_v omit_v till_o another_o opportunity_n a_o explanation_n of_o term_n use_v in_o carpentry_n a._n adz_n plate_n 8._o b_o §_o 2._o arch_n any_o work_n wrought_v circular_a as_o the_o top_n part_n of_o some_o window-frames_a the_o top_n of_o some_o great_a gate_n the_o roof_n of_o vault_n etc._n etc._n architrave_n see_v numb_a 6._o plate_n 6._o 1._o and_o plate_n 6._o a._n §_o 1._o axe_n numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o a._n b._n back_o or_o hip-molding_a the_o backward_a hip_n or_o valley-rafter_n in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o angle_n for_o the_o back_n part_n of_o a_o building_n bannister_n numb_a 8._o plate_n 11._o g_o g_o g._n base_a be_v common_o the_o bottom_n
of_o a_o cullumn_n see_v numb_a 6._o plate_n 6._o h._n and_o plate_n 7._o b._n batement_n to_o abate_v or_o waste_v a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n by_o form_v of_o it_o to_o a_o design_a purpose_n thus_o instead_o of_o ask_v how_o much_o be_v cut_v off_o such_o a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n carpenter_n ask_v what_o batement_n that_o piece_n of_o stuff_n have_v batter_v the_o side_n or_o part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wall_n or_o any_o timber_n that_o bulge_v from_o its_o bottom_n or_o foundation_n be_v say_v to_o batter_v or_o hang_v over_o the_o foundation_n battlement_n a_o flat_a roof_n or_o platform_n to_o walk_v on_o but_o battlement_n be_v more_o proper_o wall_n build_v about_o the_o platform_n to_o enclose_v it_o as_o be_v see_v upon_o tower_n for_o defence_n part_v of_o the_o battlement_n be_v breast_n high_a that_o musquetier_n may_v shoot_v over_o it_o the_o other_o part_n man-high_a to_o secure_a man_n from_o the_o shot_n of_o their_o enemy_n bauk_fw-mi a_o piece_n of_o fir_n 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look_v handsome_o especial_o if_o lay_v herring-bone_n fashion_n they_o be_v also_o use_v in_o soap-boiler_n fat_n be_v and_o in_o make_v of_o cistern_n the_o common_a brick_n that_o be_v make_v here_o in_o england_n be_v nine_o inch_n in_o length_n four_o inch_n and_o 1_o 4_o in_o breadth_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o thickness_n and_o sometime_o three_o inch_n thick_a most_o county_n in_o england_n afford_v earth_n for_o the_o make_n of_o brick_n but_o the_o best_a earth_n that_o we_o have_v in_o england_n for_o make_v of_o brick_n be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n from_o whence_o we_o have_v most_o of_o the_o brick_n which_o be_v rub_v and_o hew_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o chief_a front_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o ornamental_a part_n of_o which_o front_n be_v do_v with_o the_o red_a brick_n they_o can_v pick_v from_o among_o they_o and_o the_o rough_a or_o plain_a work_n be_v do_v with_o the_o grey_a kentish_a brick_n also_o those_o grey_a kentish_a 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