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pole_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n than_o always_o such_o a_o figure_n end_v in_o ¾_n of_o a_o pole_n as_o that_o do_v but_o if_o a_o figure_n be_v two_o pole_n and_o ¾_n one_o way_n and_o two_o pole_n and_o ¼_n the_o other_o as_o the_o last_o be_v it_o end_v always_o in_o such_o a_o decimal_n as_o this_o 1875_o that_o be_v half_a a_o quarter_n and_o half_a half_a a_o quarter_n that_o be_v ⅛_n and_o 1_o 16_o part_n of_o a_o pole_n square_n this_o way_n may_v you_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o a_o ground_n very_o speedy_o and_o exact_v if_o the_o middle_a length_n and_o middle_a breadth_n fall_v out_o in_o ¼_n ½_o or_o ¾_n of_o a_o pole_n and_o this_o way_n you_o may_v sum_n up_o a_o field_n before_o you_o do_v it_o decimal_o and_o then_o one_o will_v be_v good_a proof_n to_o the_o other_o which_o with_o little_a practice_n will_v make_v you_o so_o perfect_a that_o in_o small_a field_n you_o will_v ready_o tell_v the_o content_a without_o pen_n or_o rule_n only_o by_o memory_n these_o rule_n may_v also_o be_v do_v by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o ready_a if_o once_o you_o come_v but_o to_o understand_v that_o most_o useful_a line_n well_o for_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v multiply_v be_v from_o one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o line_n the_o same_o distance_n be_v the_o product_n from_o the_o other_o number_n example_n of_o the_o second_o figure_n as_o one_o be_v to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a the_o same_o extent_n of_o your_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 2_o and_o a_o half_a to_o 6_o ¼_n the_o product_n a_o table_n of_o board-measure_n by_o have_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n against_o which_o be_v show_v the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n thereof_o in_o length_n the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n in_o length_n  _fw-fr f.pts._n 1_o 0.083_o 2_o 0.167_o 3_o 0.250_o 4_o 0.333_o 5_o 0.417_o 6_o 0.500_o 7_o 0.583_o 8_o 0.667_o 9_o 0.750_o 10_o 0.833_o 11_o 0.917_o 12_o 1.000_o 13_o 1.083_o 14_o 1.167_o 15_o 1.250_o 16_o 1.333_o 17_o 1.417_o 18_o 1.500_o 19_o 1.583_o 20_o 1.667_o 21_o 1.750_o 22_o 1.833_o 23_o 1.917_o 24_o 2.000_o 25_o 2.083_o 26_o 2.167_o 27_o 2.250_o 28_o 2.333_o 29_o 2.417_o 30_o 2.500_o 31_o 2.583_o 32_o 2.667_o 33_o 2.750_o 34_o 2.833_o 35_o 2.917_o 36_o 3.000_o have_v take_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n see_v what_o number_n answer_v it_o in_o this_o table_n and_o what_o number_n you_o find_v against_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n multiply_v by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o board_n or_o glass_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o three_o last_o figure_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n thereby_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o number_n in_o foot_n and_o the_o part_n cut_v off_o be_v part_n of_o a_o foot_n example_n a_o board_n ten_o inch_n broad_a and_o ten_o foot_n long_o against_o 10_o you_o see_v be_v 0.833_o which_o 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etc._n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o a_o prism_n then_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n that_o product_v by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o content_a but_o if_o your_o solid_a figure_n be_v a_o cylinder_n that_o be_v a_o round_a piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n have_v both_o end_v equal_a diameter_n as_o a_o roller_n etc._n etc._n here_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n multiply_v it_o by_o the_o semi-diameter_n and_o the_o area_n of_o that_o by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o solid_a content_a now_o many_o of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o timber-tree_n will_v be_v near_o this_o form_n of_o a_o cylinder_n but_o custom_n have_v get_v such_o footing_n though_o very_o false_a that_o man_n will_v not_o measure_v their_o timber_n the_o true_a way_n but_o will_v still_o keep_v their_o error_n which_o be_v to_o gird_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n about_o with_o a_o line_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n thereof_o for_o the_o true_a square_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o as_o a_o foursquare_a piece_n of_o timber_n but_o how_o false_a that_o be_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o ensue_a table_n whoever_o be_v please_v to_o try_v will_v find_v that_o there_o may_v be_v four_o slab_n take_v off_o to_o bring_v that_o to_o a_o square_a and_o that_o square_a piece_n then_o will_v be_v near_o equal_a to_o the_o measure_n they_o first_o measure_v the_o piece_n of_o timber_n by_o so_o that_o when_o they_o have_v bring_v their_o piece_n square_a by_o hew_v or_o saw_v they_o then_o have_v the_o measure_n that_o it_o be_v measure_v for_o when_o it_o
be_v round_a but_o several_a man_n have_v demonstrate_v this_o false_a rule_n to_o be_v false_a near_o ⅓_n as_o mr._n wing_n mr._n philip_n and_o other_o yet_o custom_n do_v and_o will_v keep_v its_o road._n i_o have_v already_o show_v how_o to_o measure_v timber_n by_o the_o customary_a way_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n in_o chap._n 35_o and_o 36._o before-going_a and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o these_o table_n follow_v a_o table_n show_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n of_o any_o piece_n of_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o superficial_a content_a take_v at_o the_o end_n thereof_o the_o inch_n at_o the_o end_n f._n pt_n 1_o 0.007_o 2_o 0.014_o 3_o 0.021_o 4_o 0.028_o 5_o 0.035_o 6_o 0.042_o 7_o 0.049_o 8_o 0.056_o 9_o 0.062_o 10_o 0.069_o 20_o 0.139_o 30_o 0.208_o 40_o 0.278_o 50_o 0.347_o 60_o 0.417_o 70_o 0.486_o 80_o 0.556_o 90_o 0.625_o 100_o 0.694_o 200_o 1.389_o 300_o 2.083_o 400_o 2.778_o 500_o 3.472_o 600_o 4.167_o 700_o 4.861_o 800_o 5.556_o 900_o 6.250_o 1000_o 6.944_o 2000_o 13.888_o 3000_o 20.833_o 4000_o 27.778_o 5000_o 34.722_o 6000_o 41.666_o 7000_o 48.711_o 8000_o 55.555_o 9000_o 62.500_o 10000_o 69.444_o 20000_o 138.888_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o timber-stick_a or_o stone_n etc._n etc._n let_v it_o be_v round_o or_o square_a so_o it_o have_v but_o the_o same_o compass_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o against_o that_o number_n be_v the_o foot_n and_o part_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n and_o by_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o length_n of_o your_o stick_n show_v the_o content_a in_o square_a foot_n example_n the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n be_v 200_o inch_n and_o 5_o foot_n long_o against_o 200_o be_v 1_o foot_n 389_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 5_o the_o length_n yield_v 6_o foot_n and_o 945_o part_n that_o be_v near_o 7_o foot_n of_o timber_n but_o if_o the_o number_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n be_v not_o in_o the_o table_n then_o add_v two_o number_n together_o and_o then_o take_v the_o number_n which_o answer_v they_o and_o add_v they_o together_o and_o multiply_v the_o length_n by_o that_o sum_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n a_o table_n show_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n in_o any_o true_a square_a piece_n of_o timber_n for_o inch_n and_o half_a inch_n from_o half_a a_o inch_n square_a to_o 36_o inch_n square_a i._o foe_fw-mi pt_v  _fw-fr 0.002_o 1_o 0.007_o  _fw-fr 0.016_o 2_o 0.028_o  _fw-fr 0.043_o 3_o 0.062_o  _fw-fr 0.085_o 4_o 0.111_o  _fw-fr 0.140_o 5_o 0.174_o  _fw-fr 0.210_o 6_o 0.250_o  _fw-fr 0.293_o 7_o 0.340_o  _fw-fr 0.390_o 8_o 0.444_o  _fw-fr 0.502_o 9_o 0.562_o  _fw-fr 0.627_o 10_o 0.694_o  _fw-fr 0.765_o 11_o 0.840_o  _fw-fr 0.919_o 12_o 1.000_o  _fw-fr 1.085_o 13_o 1.174_o  _fw-fr 1.266_o 14_o 1.361_o  _fw-fr 1.460_o 15_o 1.562_o  _fw-fr 1.668_o 16_o 1.778_o  _fw-fr 1.891_o 17_o 2.007_o  _fw-fr 2.127_o 18_o 2.250_o  _fw-fr 2.377_o 19_o 2.507_o  _fw-fr 2.641_o 20_o 2_o 778_o  _fw-fr 2.918_o 21_o 3.062_o  _fw-fr 3.210_o 22_o 3.361_o  _fw-fr 3.516_o 23_o 3.673_o  _fw-fr 3.835_o 24_o 4.000_o  _fw-fr 4.166_o 25_o 4.340_o  _fw-fr 4.513_o 26_o 4.694_o  _fw-fr 4.877_o 27_o 5.063_o  _fw-fr 5.250_o 28_o 5.445_o  _fw-fr 5.670_o 29_o 5.840_o  _fw-fr 6.043_o 30_o 6.250_o  _fw-fr 6.460_o 31_o 6.673_o  _fw-fr 6.890_o 32_o 7.111_o  _fw-fr 7.333_o 33_o 7.562_o  _fw-fr 7.780_o 34_o 8.028_o  _fw-fr 8.263_o 35_o 8.507_o  _fw-fr 8.750_o 36_o 9.000_o if_o you_o will_v enlarge_v this_o table_n further_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o the_o square_n of_o 12_o inch_n which_o be_v 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v the_o square_a of_o another_o number_n to_o another_o example_n as_o in_o 36_o the_o square_a of_o it_o be_v 1296_o then_o as_o 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v 1296_o to_o 9_o foot_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v in_o the_o table_n the_o use_v of_o the_o table_n the_o square_a of_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v find_v in_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n thereof_o in_o foot_n to_o know_v the_o content_a take_v the_o number_n answer_v to_o the_o square_n of_o inches_n out_o of_o the_o table_n and_o multiply_v it_o by_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n example_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n 18_o inch_n square_a and_o 25_o foot_n long_o the_o number_n answer_v to_o 18_o inch_n square_a be_v which_o multiply_v by_o 25_o the_o length_n which_o be_v 56_o foot_n and_o one_o quarter_n a_o piece_n 18_o inch_n square_a at_o the_o end_n and_o one_o foot_n long_o be_v 2_o foot_n and_o 1_o 40._o a_o table_n show_v by_o the_o compass_n of_o round_a timber_n what_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o foot_n length_n thereof_o co._n foe_fw-mi pa._n 10_o 0.055_o 11_o 0.066_o 12_o 0.079_o 13_o 0.093_o 14_o 0.108_o 15_o 0.124_o 16_o 0.141_o 17_o 0.159_o 18_o 0.179_o 19_o 0.200_o 20_o 0.221_o 21_o 0.243_o 22_o 0.267_o 23_o 0.292_o 24_o 0.318_o 25_o 0.343_o 26_o 0.374_o 27_o 0.403_o 28_o 0.433_o 29_o 0.465_o 30_o 0.497_o 31_o 0.531_o 32_o 0.566_o 33_o 0.602_o 34_o 0.639_o 35_o 0.677_o 36_o 0.716_o 37_o 0.756_o 38_o 0.798_o 39_o 0.840_o 40_o 0.884_o 41_o 0.929_o 42_o 9.974_o 43_o 1.021_o 44_o 1.070_o 45_o 1.119_o 46_o 1.169_o 47_o 1.220_o 48_o 1.273_o 49_o 1.327_o 50_o 1.381_o 51_o 1.437_o 52_o 1.496_o 53_o 1.552_o 54_o 1.612_o 55_o 1.671_o 56_o 1.732_o 57_o 1.795_o 58_o 1.860_o 59_o 1.923_o 60_o 1.988_o 61_o 2.056_o 62_o 2.124_o 63_o 2.193_o 64_o 2.264_o 65_o 2.335_o 66_o 2.406_o 67_o 2.480_o 68_o 2.555_o 69_o 2.631_o 70_o 2.707_o 71_o 2.785_o 72_o 2.864_o 73_o 2.945_o 74_o 3.026_o 75_o 3.108_o 76_o 3.191_o 77_o 3.276_o 78_o 3.362_o 79_o 3.449_o 80_o 3.537_o 81_o 3.625_o 82_o 3.715_o 83_o 3.807_o 84_o 3.866_o 85_o 3.990_o 86_o 4.084_o 87_o 4.183_o 88_o 4.279_o 89_o 4.377_o 90_o 4.475_o 91_o 4.576_o 92_o 4.677_o 93_o 4.780_o 94_o 4.882_o 95_o 4.987_o 96_o 5.093_o 97_o 5.200_o 98_o 5.307_o 99_o 5.416_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n be_v as_o follow_v look_v for_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n and_o in_o the_o column_n annex_v you_o have_v the_o 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27.697_o 29_o 25.820_o 30_o 24.127_o 31_o 22.596_o 32_o 21.206_o 33_o 19.936_o 34_o 18.784_o 35_o 17.736_o 36_o 16.755_o 37_o 15.862_o 38_o 15.038_o 39_o 14.276_o 40_o 13.572_o 41_o 12.916_o 42_o 12.310_o 43_o 11.744_o 44_o 11.211_o 45_o 10.723_o 46_o 10.262_o 47_o 9.830_o 48_o 9.425_o 49_o 9.044_o 50_o 8.686_o 51_o 8.349_o 52_o 8.030_o 53_o 7.730_o 54_o 7.447_o 55_o 7.178_o 56_o 6.924_o 57_o 6.684_o 58_o 6.455_o 59_o 6.238_o 60_o 6.030_o 61_o 5.836_o 62_o 5.649_o 63_o 5.471_o 64_o 5.301_o 65_o 5.140_o 66_o 4.985_o 67_o 4.837_o 68_o 4.696_o 69_o 4.561_o 70_o 4.432_o 71_o 4.308_o 72_o 4.198_o 73_o 4.075_o 74_o 3.965_o 75_o 3.861_o 76_o 3.760_o 77_o 3.663_o 78_o 3.569_o 79_o 3.479_o 80_o 3.393_o 81_o 3.310_o 82_o 3.230_o 83_o 3.152_o 84_o 3.078_o 85_o 3.006_o 86_o 2.936_o 87_o 2.869_o 88_o 2.804_o 89_o 2.742_o 90_o 2.681_o 91_o 2.622_o 92_o 2.566_o 93_o 2.511_o 94_o 2.458_o 95_o 2.406_o 96_o 2.356_o 97_o 2.307_o 98_o 2.261_o 99_o 2.216_o 100_o 2.171_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n 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or_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o timber_n to_o be_v faulty_a or_o some_o of_o the_o arm_n blow_v off_o you_o must_v judge-according_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v oft_o find_v in_o your_o great_a elm_n and_o ash_n that_o they_o be_v hollow_a within_o and_o yet_o good_a timber_n on_o the_o outside_n especial_o some_o length_n of_o they_o towards_o or_o at_o the_o low_a end_n now_o i_o will_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v very_o near_o the_o quantity_n of_o timber_n that_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o tree_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o customary_a way_n examp._n a_o piece_n of_o a_o tree_n 12_o foot_n long_o and_o hollow_a and_o decay_a wood_n at_o one_o end_n 12_o inch_n diameter_n at_o the_o other_o end_n hollow_a and_o decay_a 6_o inch_n diana_n the_o piece_n be_v 26_o inch_n diameter_n under_o the_o bark_n first_o i_o measure_v the_o piece_n as_o if_o all_o sound_a timber_n than_o the_o hollow_a and_o decay_a by_o its_o diameter_n that_o be_v deduct_v from_o the_o piece_n sheweth_z how_o much_o find_v timber_n there_o be_v in_o foot_n and_o part_n measure_v the_o customary_a way_n as_o 7_o to_o 22_o so_o 26_o to_o 81_o 5_o 7_o the_o circumference_n the_o ¼_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o and_o ¼_n and_o somewhat_o more_o as_o 12_o to_o 20_o ¼_n in_o inch_n so_o be_v 12_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n twice_o repeat_v to_o 39_o foot_n and_o ½_o the_o content_a as_o if_o it_o be_v all_o sound_n then_o for_o the_o hollow_a
be_v the_o root_n divide_v the_o distance_n from_o 64._o to_o one_o into_o 3_o equal_a part_n one_o three_o part_n of_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o 4_o the_o root_n for_o the_o first_o three_o part_n will_v reach_v from_o 64_o to_o 16_o the_o square_a the_o 2d_o three_o part_n from_o 16_o to_o 4_o the_o root_n the_o three_o part_n from_o 4_o to_o one_o for_o 4_o time_n 4_o be_v 16_o and_o 4_o time_n 16_o be_v 64_o the_o same_o rule_n observe_v for_o any_o other_o number_n thus_o may_v you_o find_v the_o square_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o square_a equal_a to_o that_o circumference_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o as_o be_v before_o show_v example_n 12._o have_v the_o circumference_n of_o a_o tree_n you_o will_v know_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_n equal_a to_o that_o circumference_n as_o in_o the_o 10_o example_n the_o circumference_n be_v 60_o inch_n now_o to_o find_v the_o content_a in_o superficial_a inch_n of_o such_o a_o circle_n the_o rule_n be_v as_o be_v before_o show_v as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n now_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 22_o to_o 7_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 19_o and_o 2_o 22_o the_o diameter_n this_o fraction_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o decimal_n fraction_n and_o so_o wrought_v but_o be_v so_o small_a it_o be_v not_o worth_a mind_v in_o such_o operation_n as_o this_o then_o if_o you_o take_v half_a the_o diameter_n and_o ½_o the_o circumference_n and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o or_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 9_o and_o ½_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 30_o to_o 285_o the_o superficial_a content_n in_o inch_n then_o to_o find_v the_o square_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n that_o be_v to_o find_v a_o number_n which_o if_o multiply_v in_o its_o self_n make_v this_o sum_n the_o rule_n be_v extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 285_o to_o one_o and_o the_o middle_n between_o these_o 2_o number_n be_v 16_o 882_o 1000_o very_o near_o as_o here_o you_o may_v see_v but_o first_o note_n that_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v but_o the_o line_n on_o it_o that_o most_o of_o your_o ordinary_a rule_n have_v that_o be_v but_o 2_o line_n on_o it_o as_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o 5._o 6._o 7._o 8_o 9_o and_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o 5._o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o 10_o then_o this_o question_n may_v be_v some_o trouble_n to_o work_v on_o such_o a_o rule_n but_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v 4_o part_n or_o 6_o part_n as_o a_o 6_o foot_n rule_n may_v have_v than_o this_o question_n may_v be_v perform_v very_o ready_o as_o you_o may_v hereafter_o better_o perceive_v for_o if_o you_o take_v 285_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o rule_n then_o be_v the_o middle_a figure_n one_o a_o 100_o and_o the_o figure_n one_o at_o the_o end_n be_v 10_o and_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o you_o must_v take_v the_o middle_n between_o 1_o and_o 285_o which_o here_o you_o can_v for_o if_o you_o count_v the_o first_o one_o one_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v then_o 10._o and_o the_o end_n one_o be_v 100_o so_o then_o 285_o be_v off_o from_o the_o line_n whereas_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v another_o part_n add_v to_o it_o than_o may_v you_o work_v and_o read_v it_o very_o ready_o but_o to_o work_v it_o by_o this_o rule_n you_o must_v take_v the_o distance_n from_o 100_o to_o 285_o that_o be_v from_o the_o middle_a one_o to_o 285_o then_o take_v half_a of_o this_o distance_n and_o add_v it_o to_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n and_o the_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 10_o in_o the_o middle_a to_o near_o 17_o the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o 285_o as_o you_o may_v see_v it_o here_o prove_v by_o the_o pen._n here_o you_o may_v see_v that_o 16_o 882_o 1000_o multiply_v by_o 16_o 882_o 1000_o give_v 285_o and_o 001924_o 1000000_o which_o fraction_n be_v so_o small_a be_v not_o considerable_a many_o other_o way_n there_o be_v to_o measure_v a_o cyllind_a but_o this_o after_o you_o have_v find_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o circumference_n multiply_v by_o the_o length_n be_v sufficient_a etc._n etc._n chap._n li._n division_n on_o the_o line_n the_o rule_n be_v as_o one_o be_v to_o the_o divisor_n so_o be_v the_o dividend_n to_o the_o quotient_a or_o as_o the_o divisor_n be_v to_o the_o dividend_n so_o be_v to_o 1_o to_o the_o quotient_a example_n 280_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o 5_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o 5_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o one_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 280_o to_o 56_o the_o quotient_a or_o thus_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 5_o to_o 280_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 56_o the_o quotient_a example_n 2._o 260._o divide_v by_o 5_o 2_o 10_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 5_o 2_o 10_o to_o 260_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 50_o the_o quotient_a by_o these_o rule_n may_v you_o work_v any_o other_o question_n in_o division_n for_o division_n be_v easy_a than_o multiplication_n for_o in_o this_o have_v the_o sum_v give_v you_o look_v for_o less_o and_o in_o multiplication_n the_o sum_n be_v give_v you_o may_v seek_v for_o great_a chap._n lii_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o on_o the_o line_n this_o rule_n which_o by_o most_o be_v call_v the_o golden_a rule_n for_o its_o excellent_a use_n be_v perform_v with_o much_o ease_n only_o by_o 2_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n and_o in_o work_v differ_v little_a from_o division_n the_o rule_n be_v if_o 4_o number_n be_v proportional_a their_o order_n may_v be_v so_o transpose_v that_o each_o of_o those_o term_n may_v be_v the_o last_o in_o proportion_n in_o this_o manner_n 1._o as_o the_o first_o be_v to_o the_o second_o so_o be_v the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o 2._o as_o the_o three_o be_v to_o the_o four_o so_o be_v the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o 3._o as_o the_o second_o be_v to_o the_o first_o so_o be_v the_o four_o to_o the_o three_o 4._o as_o the_o four_o be_v to_o the_o three_o so_o be_v the_o second_o to_o the_o first_o see_v mr._n oughtred_n circle_n of_o proportion_n pag._n 77._o so_o that_o four_o proportional_a number_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v know_v if_o any_o three_o be_v give_v you_o may_v find_v the_o four_o as_o if_o 2_o 8_o 6_o and_o 24._o be_v the_o number_n give_v these_o number_n may_v be_v so_o vary_a as_o be_v aforesaid_a that_o if_o any_o three_o be_v give_v you_o may_v find_v the_o four_o note_v first_o if_o 2_o cost_n give_v or_o require_v 8_o then_z 6_o cost_n give_v etc._n etc._n 24._o second_o if_o 6_o give_v 24_o than_o 2_o will_v give_v 8._o three_o if_o 8_o require_v 2_o than_o 24_o will_v require_v 6._o four_o as_o 24_o be_v to_o 6_o so_o be_v 8_o to_o 2._o five_o or_o thus_o it_o may_v be_v as_o 2_o to_z 6_o so_o be_v 8_o to_o 24._o here_o be_v five_o way_n that_o will_v teach_v you_o if_o you_o have_v three_o number_n give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o four_o proportionable_a to_o they_o but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o be_v most_o useful_a and_o be_v many_o time_n good_a proof_n one_o of_o the_o other_o example_n if_o 2_o of_o any_o thing_n cost_v 8_o sh_n then_z 6_o will_v cost_v 24._o s._n for_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 2_o to_o 8_o that_o same_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 6_o to_o 24_o the_o question_n or_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o first_o number_n to_o the_o three_o number_n that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o second_o number_n to_o the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n seek_v extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 2_o to_o 6_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 8_o to_o 24_o the_o question_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n example_n 2._o if_o you_o sell_v your_o timber_n by_o the_o load_n that_o be_v 50_o foot_n to_o the_o load_n '_o at_o any_o price_n to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n as_o if_o you_o sell_v for_o 25_o shilling_n the_o load_n what_o be_v that_o a_o foot_n first_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n be_v in_o 25_o shilling_n because_o your_o foot_n will_v cost_v penny_n and_o not_o a_o shilling_n 25_o shilling_n be_v 300_o penny_n than_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 50_o to_o 300_o so_o be_v one_o to_o 6_o therefore_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 50_o to_o 300_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 6_o so_o then_o one_o foot_n cost_v 6_o penny_n the_o question_n if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o price_n of_o 2_o foot_n than_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o
alder_n water-poplers_a any_o sort_n of_o apple_n that_o have_v a_o black_a burry_n knot_n break_v out_o of_o the_o bough_n that_o knot_n if_o set_v a_o foot_n deep_a in_o good_a ground_n and_o the_o top_n a_o foot_n out_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v some_o sort_n of_o wilding_n codling_n genniting_n some_o sweeting_n the_o smile_a willow_n quince_n tamarisk_n laurel_n fir_n box_n etc._n etc._n the_o time_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v on_o for_o lay_v your_o layer_n be_v also_o the_o very_o best_a time_n for_o set_v of_o cut_n which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o be_v in_o august_n for_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o hold_v their_o leave_n and_o october_n for_o those_o tree_n that_o cast_v their_o leave_n in_o winter_n those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o do_v grow_v of_o cut_n be_v common_a therefore_o you_o may_v take_v your_o choice_n the_o better_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o cut_n which_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o let_v be_v from_o half_a a_o inch_n to_o one_o inch_n diameter_n if_o they_o be_v less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n than_o they_o will_v be_v weak_a with_o a_o great_a pith_n which_o pith_n will_v take_v wet_a and_o be_v likely_a to_o kill_v your_o cut_v and_o beside_o when_o your_o cut_n be_v so_o small_a they_o be_v not_o prepare_v with_o those_o pore_n as_o at_o present_a i_o name_v they_o that_o be_v little_a black_a speck_n on_o the_o bark_n where_o the_o root_n break_v out_o i_o suppose_v if_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n or_o else_o almighty_a god_n for_o a_o sign_n to_o show_v man_n that_o those_o that_o have_v that_o mark_v upon_o they_o will_v grow_v as_o your_o elder_n alder_a sallow_a water-poplers_a etc._n etc._n have_v and_o also_o if_o they_o be_v young_a they_o then_o have_v not_o that_o burry_n knot_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o take_v root_n as_o your_o codling_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o apple_n have_v in_o hard_a wood_n the_o young_a the_o better_o but_o if_o they_o be_v great_a than_o one_o inch_n diameter_n than_o the_o top_n of_o your_o cut_v will_v be_v long_o in_o cover_v over_o therefore_o may_v somewhat_o decay_v your_o cut_v by_o the_o wet_a lie_v on_o the_o head_n so_o much_o but_o you_o may_v set_v your_o willow_n and_o water-popler_n of_o a_o great_a size_n because_o they_o be_v set_v for_o pollard_n where_o cattle_n come_v therefore_o they_o must_v be_v great_a and_o high_a to_o be_v out_o of_o their_o harm_v the_o soon_o but_o the_o other_o size_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o your_o hedge_n and_o wood_n if_o you_o set_v they_o by_o a_o crow_n of_o iron_n or_o by_o a_o instrument_n which_o they_o have_v about_o cambridge_n that_o bore_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o auger_n let_v the_o foot_n be_v free_a from_o crack_n cut_v smooth_a at_o bottom_n and_o the_o top_n of_o your_o cut_v the_o like_a but_o let_v your_o top_n be_v slant_v off_o take_v care_v you_o do_v not_o rub_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o set_v your_o cut_n therefore_o make_v your_o hole_n large_a when_o you_o set_v they_o and_o ram_n or_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o keep_v they_o moist_a the_o first_o summer_n and_o let_v the_o slant_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n hang_v downward_o and_o if_o your_o cut_v be_v choice_n put_v a_o little_a soft_a wax_n on_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n to_o keep_v out_o air_n and_o wet_n when_o you_o set_v any_o tree_n or_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n or_o hedge_n be_v mindful_a to_o put_v in_o one_o or_o two_o cut_n with_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o time_n lose_v to_o do_v it_o but_o well_o spend_v as_o i_o have_v often_o prove_v chap_n vii_o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o as_o for_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v only_o from_o part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n there_o be_v many_o but_o of_o those_o that_o i_o have_v make_v experience_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n give_v a_o account_n first_o let_v the_o tree_n be_v a_o thrive_a tree_n but_o not_o too_o young_a nor_o a_o old_a tree_n for_o if_o it_o be_v too_o young_a than_o the_o root_n will_v be_v too_o small_a for_o this_o purpose_n if_o too_o old_a it_o be_v possible_a the_o root_n may_v be_v a_o decay_a and_o then_o not_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n let_v the_o root_n be_v from_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n and_o from_o some_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o they_o the_o sap_n be_v plentiful_a and_o therefore_o will_v put_v forth_o the_o great_a shoot_n then_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n dig_v round_o the_o tree_n you_o intend_v to_o increase_v from_o till_o you_o find_v such_o root_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v and_o take_v your_o knife_n cut_v they_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n from_o the_o great_a root_n smooth_a at_o the_o place_n you_o cut_v off_o then_o raise_v up_o that_o end_n put_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o that_o when_o your_o ground_n be_v level_v again_o the_o end_n of_o this_o root_n so_o cut_v off_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n i_o do_v judge_n the_o foresaid_a time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o then_o the_o sun_n hasten_v to_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a or_o rather_o this_o star_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o libra_n the_o sun_n have_v heat_n and_o a_o strong_a draw_n faculty_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n draw_v by_o its_o secret_a influence_n on_o the_o several_a branch_n on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o head_n from_o the_o body_n and_o both_o head_n and_o body_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n be_v furnish_v with_o sap_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o supply_v the_o body_n and_o the_o head_n be_v then_o the_o fit_a to_o produce_v with_o that_o sap_n a_o new_a tree_n likely_a than_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o full_a sap_n viz._n in_o summer_n for_o then_o the_o abundance_n of_o sap_n will_v rather_o choke_v a_o bud_n than_o produce_v one_o out_o of_o the_o root_n if_o the_o root_n be_v of_o such_o sort_n as_o will_v produce_v tree_n from_o part_n of_o the_o root_n and_o then_o the_o wether_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o suffocate_v a_o new_a bud_n that_o will_v be_v so_o full_a of_o sap_n as_o that_o will_v be_v if_o any_o and_o as_o to_o the_o open_n of_o the_o root_n at_o that_o season_n how_o unnatural_a it_o be_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n you_o may_v easy_o judge_n and_o then_o to_o do_v this_o in_o winter_n though_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a motion_n and_o ascend_v of_o the_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n unless_o accidental_o hinder_v by_o frost_n all_o the_o year_n long_o for_o nature_n be_v no_o sluggard_n yet_o to_o cut_v the_o root_n then_o and_o to_o expose_v they_o thus_o cut_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n which_o then_o usual_o be_v great_a the_o frost_n and_o wet_n pierce_v that_o new_a wound_n so_o much_o 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a_o great_a bearer_n and_o a_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o last_v very_o long_o my_o ground_n be_v also_o a_o shallow_a ground_n i_o think_v of_o 22_o foot_n asunder_o to_o plant_v these_o tree_n at_o or_o as_o near_o that_o as_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v then_o second_o i_o go_v round_o my_o ground_n and_o observe_v my_o fence_n well_o and_o find_v no_o great_a tree_n in_o it_o i_o then_o resolve_v to_o set_v my_o tree_n at_o six_o foot_n from_o my_o fence_n but_o note_n if_o there_o be_v great_a tree_n in_o your_o hedge_n that_o fence_n your_o ground_n than_o this_o be_v too_o nigh_o than_o i_o set_v off_o six_o foot_n at_o one_o corner_n of_o my_o orchard_n and_o six_o foot_n at_o the_o other_o corner_n of_o the_o same_o side_n which_o be_v the_o east_n side_n than_o i_o set_v off_o six_o foot_n at_o one_o corner_n of_o the_o west_n side_n it_o matter_n not_o which_o only_o that_o end_n which_o be_v the_o levell_a be_v the_o best_a for_o measure_v have_v set_v these_o three_o 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the_o diameter_n at_o the_o end_n or_o by_o have_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o base_a thereof_o but_o we_o have_v the_o circumference_n which_o be_v 72_o inch_n i_o shall_v proceed_v that_o way_n and_o first_o by_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n the_o circumference_n be_v 72_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n 696_o inch_n how_o many_o solid_a foot_n be_v there_o in_o such_o a_o tree_n as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 147_o 36_o to_o the_o circumference_n 72_o inch_n so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o inch_n 696_o to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n 166_o and_o near_o half_a that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a it_o can_v well_o be_v read_v on_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o 147_o â—6_n â—â—0_o point_n to_o 72_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o number_n 696_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n and_o then_o turn_v your_o compass_n twice_o from_o that_o number_n towards_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o point_n will_v fall_v upon_o 166._o and_o near_o a_o half_a the_o solid_a content_n in_o foot_n or_o more_o easy_o thus_o as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 42._o 54._o to_o 72_o inch_n the_o circumference_n so_o be_v 58_o foot_n the_o length_n to_o a_o four_o and_o that_o four_o to_o 166_o foot_n and_o a_o ½_o fore_fw-la extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 42._o 54_o to_o 72_o the_o circumference_n in_o inch_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 58_o foot_n the_o length_n to_o another_o number_n and_o from_o that_o number_n to_o 166_o foot_n and_o somewhat_o more_o but_o how_o much_o more_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o with_o my_o pen_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o work_v tho_o log._n be_v much_o easy_a but_o some_o may_v not_o have_v table_n or_o not_o understand_v they_o if_o they_o have_v now_o have_v the_o circumference_n give_v which_o be_v 72_o inch_n we_o must_v find_v the_o diameter_n and_o the_o rule_n be_v as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v 72_o to_o 22_o 91_o 100_o inch_n the_o diameter_n near_o 23_o as_o here_o it_o be_v wrought_v or_o you_o may_v do_v it_o by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 22_o to_o 7_o the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 72._o to_o near_o 23_o for_o it_o want_v but_o 2._o of_o 22_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o in_o more_o exact_a term_n then_o now_o for_o the_o content_a of_o the_o head_n multiply_v half_o the_o circumference_n by_o half_a the_o diameter_n and_o it_o give_v the_o superficial_a content_a this_o multiply_v by_o 696_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n give_v the_o solid_a content_n in_o inch_n and_o that_o sum_v divide_v by_o 1728_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o cubical_a foot_n show_v you_o how_o many_o foot_n and_o part_n be_v in_o the_o tree_n the_o whole_n content_a in_o cube-feet_n be_v about_o 166_o and_o a_o little_a more_o for_o if_o you_o come_v within_o ¼_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o such_o sum_n as_o this_o with_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n it_o be_v well_o when_o this_o tree_n be_v saw_v off_o a_o little_a above_o the_o root_n i_o tell_v just_a 72_o annual_a circle_n some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o i_o ever_o yet_o see_v in_o any_o tree_n and_o those_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o age_n some_o three_o make_v above_o one_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o tree_n than_o do_v grow_v above_o two_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n time_n but_o at_o first_o and_o of_o late_a for_o some_o 6_o or_o 7_o year_n it_o do_v increase_v but_o little_a for_o it_o be_v near_o at_o its_o full_a growth_n so_o that_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12_o the_o semi-diameter_n for_o it_o be_v 24_o inch_n at_o the_o root-end_n by_o 6_o it_o give_v you_o 72_o so_o that_o it_o do_v grow_v one_o year_n with_o another_o 2_o inch_n in_o 6_o year_n or_o one_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o tree_n in_o for_o its_o greatness_n but_o for_o its_o quick_a growth_n and_o fine_a length_n of_o timber_n which_o be_v help_v by_o its_o situation_n it_o stand_v in_o a_o valley_n and_o set_v round_o with_o many_o other_o great_a tree_n if_o this_o tree_n have_v be_v sell_v alone_o it_o be_v such_o a_o straight_a tree_n and_o such_o a_o tough_a grain_n for_o your_o great_a grand_a tree_n be_v always_o the_o tough_a to_o some_o pike-maker_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v worth_a 1_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o foot_n at_o which_o price_n the_o very_a timber_n come_v to_o 09_o l._n 15_o s._n 09_o d._n then_o the_o head_n and_o root_n will_v well_o pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n and_o make_v up_o the_o wood_n and_o make_v up_o this_o sum_n ten_o pound_n too_o i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o to_o compare_v with_o tree_n that_o be_v and_o have_v be_v for_o the_o ingenious_a author_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 84._o tell_v you_o of_o a_o tree_n worth_a 50_o l._n as_o affirm_v by_o capt._n bullock_n but_o i_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v those_o that_o love_v tree_n what_o profit_n a_o thrive_a tree_n bring_v they_o yearly_o and_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o they_o have_v better_o pay_v use_v for_o money_n than_o cut_v down_o a_o tree_n that_o stand_v in_o a_o good_a place_n and_o be_v in_o a_o good_a thrive_a condition_n therefore_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v grow_v and_o increase_n in_o shoot_n be_v not_o too_o hasty_a in_o fell_n and_o when_o they_o be_v decay_v it_o be_v too_o late_o therefore_o let_v they_o not_o decay_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o when_o your_o wood_n be_v come_v to_o the_o growth_n you_o intend_v to_o fell_v at_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thick_a of_o wood_n then_o fall_v the_o timber-tree_n and_o underwood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o you_o can_v but_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a than_o stock_n up_o your_o tree_n especial_o if_o great_a timber_n and_o the_o winter_n after_o into_o these_o hole_n where_o you_o stock_v up_o the_o tree_n set_v elm_n cherry_n poplar_n sarvice_n and_o sallow-cuttings_a so_o will_v these_o tree_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o grow_v from_o the_o run_a root_n thicken_v your_o wood_n the_o root_n will_v pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n you_o will_v save_v a_o soot_n or_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o timber_n and_o the_o root_n of_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a in_o the_o loose_a ground_n where_o you_o make_v the_o hole_n whereas_o the_o old_a root_n will_v keep_v the_o ground_n from_o nourish_v or_o any_o from_o grow_v there_o for_o many_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n do_v not_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n quite_o but_o set_v in_o some_o run_v wood_n the_o ground_n be_v deep_a by_o the_o hill_n will_v make_v the_o other_o wood_n grow_v better_o and_o the_o end_n of_o several_a root_n be_v cut_v will_v shoot_v forth_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v receive_v seed_n which_o the_o wind_n will_v blow_v into_o they_o and_o there_o be_v weed_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o will_v grow_v well_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o stock_v up_o all_o the_o great_a tree_n which_o we_o fell_v in_o our_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o i_o set_v in_o a_o elm_n and_o a_o cherry_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o spring_n after_o there_o come_v out_o of_o the_o side-root_n of_o maple_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v good_a shoot_n and_o many_o sallow_n come_v up_o in_o the_o hole_n whereby_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o well_o thicken_v to_o the_o conteut_n of_o my_o ingenious_a lord_n though_o many_o people_n be_v much_o against_o it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o use_v so_o to_o be_v do_v if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a at_o every_o fell_n lie_v some_o bough_n which_o be_v most_o convenient_a into_o the_o thin_a place_n and_o before_o next_o fall_v you_o will_v have_v they_o well_o root_v and_o good_a shoot_v from_o they_o a_o man_n will_v do_v a_o great_a many_o in_o one_o day_n for_o which_o you_o will_v be_v well_o satisfy_v in_o time_n december_n and_o january_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o fell_a timber_n but_o the_o oak_n in_o april_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bark_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v decrease_v and_o the_o wind_n not_o east_n when_o the_o stub_n of_o your_o underwood_n be_v grow_v great_a stock_n they_o up_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v good_a husbandry_n with_o we_o in_o hartfordshire_n which_o they_o call_v runt_v their_o wood_n it_o make_v way_n for_o seedling_n and_o young_a root_n to_o run_v the_o better_a do_v this_o at_o felling-time_n wheresoever_o you_o have_v fell_v tree_n at_o the_o ground_n when_o
the_o root_n begin_v to_o rot_v they_o then_o come_v up_o best_o than_o stock_n they_o all_o up_o the_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o they_o will_v pay_v you_o well_o for_o your_o charge_n they_o will_v cost_v you_o about_o 6_o s._n a_o stack_n and_o here_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a 12_o s._n or_o more_o when_o stock_v up_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n cut_v they_o smooth_a and_o close_a to_o the_o stub_n and_o a_o little_a slant_v upward_o as_o i_o advise_v you_o about_o lop_n pollard_n the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n coppice_n or_o hedge_n the_o thick_a they_o will_v grow_v for_o every_o fell_n give_v way_n to_o the_o young_a seedling_n to_o get_v up_o and_o make_v the_o weak_a plant_n shoot_v strong_a those_o wood_n which_o increase_v by_o run_a root_n as_o elm_n cherry_n poplar_n maple_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n which_o thicken_v your_o wood_n much_o and_o felling_n make_v the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o swell_v as_o lop_n do_v the_o body_n and_o so_o it_o produce_v the_o great_a shoot_n and_o come_v soon_o to_o perfection_n whereas_o great_a wood_n and_o old_a and_o ill_o take_v off_o from_o the_o stub_n many_o time_n kill_v all_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n leave_v young_a tree_n enough_o you_o may_v take_v down_o the_o worst_a that_o stand_v next_o fall_n especial_o near_o a_o great_a tree_n that_o you_o judge_v may_v go_v down_o next_o fall_n for_o by_o its_o fall_n it_o may_v spoil_v some_o the_o statute_n say_v you_o be_v to_o leave_v twelve_o score_n oak_n at_o every_o fall_n on_o a_o acre_n for_o want_v of_o they_o so_o many_o elm_n ash_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o thinness_n of_o your_o wood_n and_o where_o underwood_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v the_o thin_a and_o in_o such_o country_n where_o coal_n be_v cheap_a and_o timber_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o will_v need_v but_o little_a prune_n up_o endeavour_v to_o plant_v in_o your_o wood_n such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o if_o wet_a then_o alder_a sallow_a willow_n withy_o etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o dry_a ash_n cherry_n beech_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o wet_a hornbeam_n sallow_a sarvice_n etc._n etc._n but_o remember_v that_o the_o oak_n and_o elm_n be_v entertain_v in_o all_o place_n if_o your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n be_v in_o park_n where_o you_o lie_v open_a to_o deer_n then_o at_o every_o fall_v plant_v in_o they_o such_o wood_n who_o bark_n the_o deer_n do_v not_o much_o love_n such_o be_v the_o hornbeam_n hasel_n sycamore_n etc._n etc._n when_o tree_n be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n there_o be_v several_a sign_n of_o their_o decay_n which_o give_v you_o warning_n to_o fell_v it_o before_o it_o be_v quite_o decay_v as_o in_o a_o oak_n when_o the_o top-bough_n begin_v to_o die_v than_o it_o begin_v to_o decay_v in_o a_o elm_n or_o ash_n if_o their_o head_n die_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o take_v wet_a at_o any_o great_a knot_n which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v discolour_a below_o that_o place_n before_o it_o grow_v hollow_a or_o if_o hollow_a you_o may_v know_v by_o knock_v it_o with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n of_o which_o you_o may_v be_v the_o sure_a satisfy_v by_o bore_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o with_o a_o small_a auger_n or_o if_o you_o see_v the_o nighill_n make_v hole_n in_o it_o these_o be_v certain_a sign_n the_o tree_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o before_o it_o decay_v much_o down_o with_o it_o and_o hinder_v not_o yourself_o chap._n xxxvii_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n have_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o timber_n whether_o it_o be_v sound_a or_o not_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o know_v the_o worth_n of_o it_o for_o where_o you_o have_v a_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o you_o may_v then_o the_o better_a guess_n there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o building_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a as_o by_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n or_o two_o stick_v join_v in_o a_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v square_a as_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n have_v at_o a._n a_o pin_n or_o hole_n to_o hang_v a_o thread_n and_o plummet_n on_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o x_o in_n first_o then_o hold_v that_o end_n of_o your_o square_n mark_v with_o c._n to_o your_o eye_n then_o go_v backward_o or_o forward_o till_o the_o thread_n and_o plummet_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o square_n perpendicular_a and_o your_o eye_n look_v through_o two_o sight_n or_o two_o pin_n at_o a._n and_o c._n or_o over_o the_o end_n of_o the_o square_n thus_o look_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o building_n at_o x._o see_v fig._n 8_o 9_o which_o find_v with_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n from_o your_o eye_n at_o c_o let_v fall_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o d_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o line_n and_o add_v it_o to_o the_o height_n that_o length_n to_o e_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o e._n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n as_o at_o y_o and_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v level_a be_v the_o height_n of_o of_o x._o y._n or_o take_v the_o level_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o height_n and_o add_v that_o which_o be_v below_o the_o level_n to_o the_o height_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o line_n c._n f._n show_v to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o straight_a staff_n or_o by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n the_o sun_n shine_v the_o altitude_n perpendicular_a and_o the_o ground_n level_n if_o not_o you_o must_v make_v the_o end_n of_o both_o the_o shadow_n level_v to_o each_o foot_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v as_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o level_n of_o b._n at_o c._n find_v the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o end_n there_o i_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o c._n to_o b._n and_o find_v it_o 60_o foot_n then_o at_o that_o very_a instant_n i_o set_v up_o a_o stick_n perpendicular_a as_o e._n d._n 12_o foot_n long_o which_o i_o find_v to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n just_a 9_o foot_n and_o then_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 9_o foot_n to_o 12_o so_o 60_o foot_n to_o 80_o which_o you_o will_v find_v true_a if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o logarithme_n or_o by_o rule_n and_o compass_n thus_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 9_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 80_o or_o if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o natural_a arithmetic_n as_o 9_o be_v to_o 12_o so_o 60_o to_o 80._o see_v fig._n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o line_n and_o plummet_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n or_o height_n by_o a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o by_o a_o lookingglass_n place_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n place_v on_o the_o ground_n a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o a_o looking-glass_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o building_n or_o tree_n as_o far_o as_o you_o think_v the_o height_n be_v then_o go_v back_o till_o you_o espy_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o do_v keep_v your_o stand_n and_o let_v a_o plum-line_n fall_v from_o your_o eye_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o ground_n which_o give_v the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n 2._o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o your_o plummet_n to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o distance_n if_o you_o have_v measure_v exact_o straight_o and_o level_a by_o proportion_n you_o may_v find_v the_o altitude_n require_v thus_o as_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o plummet_n level_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n be_v to_o the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o your_o plum-line_n so_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o base_a or_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n exact_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o height_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n to_o the_o altitude_n for_o if_o your_o object_n be_v not_o upright_o and_o you_o measure_v straight_o and_o level_a and_o just_a under_o the_o top_n that_o give_v the_o shadow_n if_o you_o miss_v in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o take_v the_o height_n
over_o first_o and_o if_o you_o find_v a_o odd_a tree_n let_v it_o stand_v in_o the_o mid-line_n and_o in_o the_o circumference_n as_o at_o b._n but_o if_o no_o odd_a tree_n then_o let_v the_o mid-line_n pass_v 'tween_o two_o tree_n add_v or_o substract_v the_o odd_a inch_n till_o you_o find_v the_o equal_a distance_n your_o tree_n must_v stand_v at_o etc._n etc._n see_v fig._n 15._o let_v the_o tree_n in_o your_o circle_n stand_v not_o much_o above_o half_a the_o distance_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o the_o row_v as_o in_o the_o last_o they_o be_v 16_o foot_n â—ere_z tree_n in_o the_o walk_n 24_o foot_n but_o in_o the_o oval_a thick_a that_o they_o may_v show_v the_o figure_n the_o better_a a_o fine_a tree_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o circle_n do_v well_o see_v fig._n 16._o two_o walk_n meet_v in_o a_o point_n let_v that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n as_o at_o a._n and_o there_o a_o tree_n two_o walk_n cross_v one_o another_o where_o the_o mid_a line_n meet_v let_v that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n as_o b._n note_v that_o if_o your_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o walk_n as_o the_o circle_n a._n find_v a_o distance_n that_o the_o tree_n in_o each_o part_n may_v stand_v as_o near_o that_o distance_n as_o may_v be_v there_o they_o be_v near_o 11_o foot_n both_o and_o the_o circle_n b._n near_o 10_o foot_n asunder_o now_o the_o small_a part_n the_o circle_n be_v put_v into_o the_o thick_a set_v your_o tree_n round_o it_o as_o b._n be_v put_v into_o four_o part_n by_o the_o two_o walk_n cross_v it_o set_v these_o part_n the_o thick_a that_o they_o may_v show_v the_o figure_n the_o better_a of_o three_o walk_n go_v up_o to_o a_o circle_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o bowling-green_a at_o cashiobury_n which_o green_n be_v 80_o yard_n or_o 240_o foot_n diameter_n with_o a_o border_n 16_o foot_n wide_a plant_v with_o three_o row_v of_o spruce-fir_n set_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o be_v set_v circular_a and_o triangular_a see_v the_o figure_n there_o be_v 90_o tree_n in_o the_o outer_a row_n and_o 90_o tree_n in_o the_o innermost_a row_n and_o 89_o in_o the_o middle_a row_n which_o be_v 269_o tree_n i_o lose_v not_o one_o of_o these_o except_o one_o that_o be_v steal_v see_v fig._n 17._o to_o plant_v such_o a_o border_n first_o with_o a_o line_n on_o the_o centre_n b._n mark_v out_o the_o circle_n where_o the_o inner_a row_n shall_v go_v than_o set_v two_o tree_n in_o the_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o row_v of_o the_o walk_n as_o at_o a._n a._n then_o have_v resolve_v of_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v they_o at_o run_v that_o distance_n over_o from_o a._n a._n and_o the_o odd_a inch_n or_o part_n add_v or_o subtract_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o open_v to_z or_o from_o the_o measure_n you_o first_o resolve_v on_o as_o be_v show_v before_o etc._n etc._n 1._o next_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o some_o way_n how_o walk_n may_v come_v into_o or_o end_v in_o a_o semicircle_n or_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n etc._n etc._n as_o a._n be_v a_o gate_n b._n c._n be_v a_o hedge_n or_o pale_n a._n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o walk_n and_o circle_n see_v fig._n 18._o or_o thus_o the_o centre_n at_o a._n and_o then_o three_o tree_n or_o more_o to_o go_v to_o the_o pale_a parallel_n to_o the_o walk_n as_o 1_o 2_o 3._o 2._o how_o three_o walk_n may_v come_v into_o a_o semicircle_n see_v fig._n 19_o this_o may_v be_v continue_v on_o with_o three_o or_o more_o tree_n parallel_v to_o the_o mid-line_n as_o in_o fig._n 19_o etc._n etc._n 3._o how_o three_o walk_n may_v break_v into_o a_o semicircle_n at_o three_o several_a place_n and_o how_o to_o make_v the_o semicircle_n so_o great_a as_o that_o you_o may_v have_v just_a so_o much_o wood_n on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o walk_n be_v broad_a or_o to_o order_v it_o to_o what_o proportion_n you_o please_v suppose_v the_o three_o walk_n to_o be_v each_o forty_o foot_n wide_a which_o make_v 120_o foot_n than_o there_o be_v to_o be_v 40_o foot_n without_o one_o side-walk_a and_o 40_o foot_n without_o the_o other_o side-walk_a and_o 40_o foot_n between_o each_o of_o the_o side-walks_a and_o the_o middle-walk_a which_o be_v four_o time_n 40_o foot_n that_o be_v 160_o foot_n so_o that_o the_o 120_o foot_n make_v 280_o foot_n for_o the_o arch_n of_o this_o semicircle_n then_o find_v the_o semi-diameter_n to_o the_o arch_n of_o this_o circle_n and_o strike_v the_o arch_n from_o the_o centre_n ex._n the_o semi-circumference_n be_v 280_o the_o circumference_n be_v then_o 560._o then_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o or_o if_o you_o will_v be_v more_o exact_a as_o the_o learned_a oughtred_a in_o his_o circle_n of_o proportion_n pag._n 43._o say_v as_o 3.1416_o be_v to_o 1._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o stand_a rule_n nigh_o enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n as_o 22_o to_o 7_o so_o 560_o to_o 178_o 4_o 22_o the_o diameter_n if_o you_o turn_v this_o fraction_n into_o inch_n it_o will_v be_v two_o inch_n and_o near_o half_a of_o a_o barley-corn_n so_o then_o the_o whole_a diameter_n will_v be_v 178_o foot_n 2_o inch_n the_o half_a be_v 89_o foot_n one_o inch_n with_o this_o 89_o foot_n one_o inch_n be_v the_o semi-diameter_n draw_v the_o arch_n of_o your_o semicircle_n which_o arch_n shall_v be_v 280_o foot_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o you_o draw_v this_o arch_n may_v be_v the_o mid-line_n of_o your_o three_o walk_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o figure_n see_v fig._n 20._o let_v the_o centre_n a._n be_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o prick_a line_n b._n b._n and_o parallel_n to_o the_o middle-walk_a c._n the_o line_n b._n a._n b._n may_v be_v if_o convenience_n serve_v 50_o or_o 60_o foot_n from_o the_o wall_n pale_a hedge_n and_o that_o to_o go_v parallel_n to_o that_o line_n and_o where_o the_o wall_n or_o pale_a end_n there_o may_v be_v a_o row_n of_o tree_n continue_v so_o far_o as_o you_o please_v or_o can_v etc._n etc._n at_o the_o centre_n a._n let_v be_v some_o fine_a tree_n set_v or_o some_o figure_n etc._n etc._n i_o once_o see_v a_o semicircle_n set_v out_o somewhat_o like_o this_o where_o i_o see_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o measure_v before_o they_o can_v proportion_v it_o exact_o to_o such_o a_o place_n as_o be_v intend_v i_o take_v my_o pen_n and_o by_o these_o rule_v i_o tell_v they_o just_o how_o far_o they_o shall_v go_v more_o i_o can_v say_v if_o i_o think_v it_o not_o unseasonable_a now_o here_o you_o see_v how_o to_o proportion_v a_o semicircle_n which_o you_o may_v enlarge_v with_o three_o four_o or_o five_o tree_n on_o each_o side_n and_o parallel_v to_o the_o middle-walk_a as_o be_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o semicircle_n but_o be_v mindful_a to_o make_v such_o a_o figure_n for_o your_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o and_o of_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o be_v most_o convenient_a to_o your_o ground_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o semicircle_n may_v be_v one_o row_n of_o tree_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n or_o two_o three_o four_o or_o more_o as_o you_o please_v but_o three_o row_v set_v triangular_a do_v very_o well_o 4._o how_o and_o where_o a_o semicircle_n be_v proper_a on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o walk_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v you_o have_v a_o walk_v a_o mile_n in_o length_n or_o more_o it_o be_v no_o way_n improper_a but_o pleasant_a and_o satisfactory_a to_o have_v your_o walk_n show_v you_o every_o ¼_n of_o a_o mile_n ½_o of_o a_o mile_n and_o ¾_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o end_n or_o from_o each_o end_n or_o from_o one_o end_v back_o to_o the_o other_o as_o if_o you_o begin_v at_o the_o centre-tree_n in_o the_o semicircle_n at_o a._n then_o at_o ¼_n of_o a_o mile_n at_o the_o figure_n 1._o make_v a_o semicircle_n to_o break_v out_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o centre-tree_n to_o be_v exact_o in_o the_o row_n of_o the_o walk_n and_o just_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o figure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o largeness_n of_o our_o paper_n will_v bear_v by_o the_o semicircle_n figure_n 1_o then_o at_o the_o half_a mile_n let_v two_o tree_n stand_v in_o a_o semicircle_n at_o figure_n 2_o one_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o row_n that_o make_v the_o walk_n which_o two_o tree_n be_v half_a a_o mile_n and_o at_o three_o quarter_n three_o tree_n still_o mind_v that_o one_o be_v in_o the_o row_n or_o walk_v the_o centre-tree_n of_o your_o circle_n and_o the_o exact_a distance_n so_o one_o tree_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o semicircle_n as_o at_o figure_n 1._o be_v a_o ¼_n of_o
figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v to_o speak_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n will_v be_v far_o beyond_o my_o intention_n there_o be_v so_o very_a many_o irregular_a figure_n which_o have_v many_o unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n but_o they_o may_v all_o be_v bring_v into_o part_n of_o some_o of_o the_o figure_n follow_v and_o measure_v like_o they_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o one_o useful_a prob._n especial_o to_o make_v your_o oval_n by_o whether_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v touch_v at_o some_o superficial_a figure_n see_v fig._n 30._o suppose_v three_o prick_n or_o point_v give_v so_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n to_o find_v a_o centre_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o circle_n this_o may_v be_v do_v several_a way_n viz._n either_o by_o circle_n or_o by_o raise_v perpendicular_n as_o if_o the_o point_n at_o a._n b._n c._n be_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a as_o the_o line_n d._n e._n which_o you_o may_v soon_o do_v for_o if_o you_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o any_o convenient_a distance_n and_o set_v one_o point_n in_o b._n draw_v the_o arch_n 1._o and_o 2._o then_o set_v one_o point_n in_o 4._o draw_v 3._o and_o 4._o where_o these_o cross_n draw_v the_o line_n e._n d._n do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o point_n b._n c._n and_o where_o the_o two_o perpendicular_a line_n meet_v be_v the_o centre_n as_o at_o f_o etc._n etc._n superficial_a figure_n that_o be_v irregular_a and_o right-lined_n be_v such_o who_o side_n or_o angle_n be_v un-equal_a of_o which_o some_o be_v triangle_n or_o triangular_a figure_n and_o here_o note_v that_o there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o triangle_n which_o be_v thus_o name_v and_o know_v 1._o isocheles_a have_v two_o of_o the_o side_n unequal_a 2._o scalena_n have_v the_o three_o side_n unequal_a 3._o orthygone_n have_v one_o right_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 4._o ambligone_n have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 5._o oxygone_n have_v three_o acute_a angle_n or_o equilateral_a triangle_n see_v fig._n 31._o every_o triangle_n be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a who_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a and_o side_n cut_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a as_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o first_o figure_n show_v by_o the_o prick_a line_n therefore_o to_o measure_v any_o triangle_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o great_a angle_n then_o multiply_v the_o whole_a base_a by_o half_a the_o perpendicular_a or_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a by_o half_a the_o base_a and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a or_o thus_o take_v the_o whole_a base_a and_o whole_a perpendicular_a and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o that_o sum_n be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o triangle_n etc._n etc._n square_a or_o quadrangular_a figure_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o a_o geometrical_a square_n this_o have_v right_a angle_n and_o side_n equal_a 2._o a_o oblong-square_a which_o have_v equal_a opposite_a side_n and_o rectang_n 3._o a_o rhombus_fw-la have_v equal_a side_n and_o unequal_a angle_n 4._o a_o rhomboide_n have_v unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n opposite_a equal_a 5._o trapezia_n be_v all_o other_o four-sided_n figures_n see_v fig._n 32._o the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v one_o of_o the_o side_n in_o its_o self_n in_o the_o second_o the_o length_n multiply_v by_o the_o breadth_n give_v the_o content_a the_o three_o last_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o two_o triangle_n each_o and_o so_o measure_v as_o be_v before_o say_v polygones_n be_v these_o figure_n follow_v as_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n hew_v into_o five_o equal_a side_n this_o be_v call_v a_o pentagone_fw-mi of_o six_o side_n hexagone_n seven_o side_n heptagone_n eight_o side_n octagone_n nine_o side_n enneagone_n ten_o side_n decagone_n twelve_o side_n dodecagone_n to_o measure_v any_o of_o these_o take_v half_a the_o perimeter_n that_o be_v half_o the_o compass_n about_o and_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o side_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o give_v the_o content_a circular_a figure_n be_v these_o which_o be_v thus_o name_v 1._o the_o circle_n be_v near_o equal_a to_o a_o square_a make_v of_o ½_o diameter_n and_o ½_o circumference_n 2._o the_o semicircle_n to_o a_o square_n make_v of_o half_a the_o arch_a line_n and_o ½_o semi-diameter_n 3._o the_o quadrant_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n 4._o the_o segment_n arch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v the_o semi-circumference_n by_o the_o semi-diameter_n the_o second_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n by_o ¼_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n the_o three_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ⅛_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o four_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ½_o the_o length_n of_o that_o arch-line_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o content_a or_o area_n of_o each_o to_o find_v the_o diameter_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o circumference_n by_o have_v one_o given_z the_o low_a number_n be_v as_o 7_o be_v to_o 22._o so_o be_v the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n or_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o a_o arch-line_n geometrical_o this_o problem_n be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v for_o to_o measure_v the_o quadrand_n segment_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o oval_a for_o the_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n first_o divide_v the_o chord-line_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n then_o set_v one_o of_o these_o part_n from_o one_o end_v of_o the_o chord-line_n also_o set_v one_o of_o the_o four_o part_n from_o the_o angle_n in_o the_o arch-line_n then_o from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o draw_v a_o line_n the_o length_n of_o this_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n see_v fig._n 33._o examp._n a._n b._n the_o chord-line_n divide_v into_o 4_o part_n one_o of_o the_o 4_o part_n set_v from_o b._n to_o c._n and_o one_o part_n set_v from_o a._n to_o d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n c._n d._n which_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n a._n d._n b._n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o thus_o may_v you_o measure_v this_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o the_o like_a but_o if_o the_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v great_a than_o a_o semicircle_n then_o divide_v the_o arch-line_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o double_v give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a arch-line_n this_o rule_n will_v assist_v you_o to_o measure_v the_o oval_a whether_o it_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o regular_a figure_n but_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n aforesaid_a therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o the_o use_v of_o some_o geometrical_a figure_n which_o be_v very_o useful_a not_o question_v but_o that_o you_o understand_v the_o first_o rule_n in_o geometry_n as_o to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n line_n to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular-line_n from_o another_o etc._n etc._n for_o those_o thing_n be_v out_o of_o my_o intend_a discourse_n therefore_o if_o you_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o they_o consult_v with_o euclid_n and_o other_o how_o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n by_o which_o you_o make_v a_o square_a very_o useful_a also_o to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n from_o a_o strait-line_n in_o any_o garden_n walk_v house-end_n or_o the_o like_a see_v fig._n 34._o examp._n if_o you_o be_v desire_v to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n at_o b._n from_o the_o line_n a._n b._n take_v six_o foot_n yard_n or_o rod_n and_o measure_v from_o b._n to_o c._n in_o your_o strait-line_n then_o take_v eight_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o set_v from_o b._n to_o d._n and_o ten_o of_o the_o same_o hold_v one_o end_n at_o c._n bring_v the_o line_n b._n d._n till_o it_o just_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n d._n at_o d._n so_o have_v you_o a_o exact_a square_n make_v by_o 6._o 8._o and_o 10._o see_v euclid_n first_o book_n prob._n 47._o and_o p._n 35._o math._n recreation_n p._n 93._o see_v fig._n 35._o this_o you_o may_v do_v in_o other_o number_n that_o bear_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o euc._n tell_v you_o that_o the_o square_n make_v of_o the_o side_n subtend_v the_o right_a angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n make_v of_o both_o the_o side_n contain_v the_o right_a
6_o 37._o 2._o 0_o 3._o 3._o 0_o 1._o 20_o 7_o 43._o 3._o 0_o 4._o 1._o 20_o 1._o 30_o 8_o 50._o 0._o 0_o 5._o 0._o 0_o 2._o 0_o 9_o 56._o 1._o 0_o 5._o 2._o 20_o 2._o 10_o pole_n into_o acre_n observe_v this_o table_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o several_a number_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mark_v under_o which_o they_o be_v set_v as_o all_o under_o ac._n be_v acre_n under_o ro._n be_v rood_n under_o po._n be_v so_o many_o pole_n and_o so_o the_o first_o column_n under_o m._n answer_v to_o thousand_o that_o under_o c._n to_o hundred_o that_o under_o x._o to_o ten_o and_o the_o odd_a pole_n if_o any_o be_v be_v set_v down_o under_o pole_n as_o e._n g._n 1442_o pole_n to_o know_v how_o many_o acre_n by_o this_o table_n first_o for_o the_o one_o thousand_o in_o the_o table_n under_o m._n be_v 6_o acre_n one_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o precede_a page_n then_o four_o hundred_o under_o c._n and_o against_o 4_o be_v 2_o acre_n 2_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o then_o in_o the_o table_n under_o x._o and_o against_o 4_o be_v one_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o then_o the_o odd_a pole_n set_v down_o always_o under_o the_o pole_n as_o 2_o under_o pole_n then_o sum_n they_o up_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o be_v 9_o acre_n 2_o pole_n as_o before_z this_o table_n be_v so_o plain_a there_o need_v no_o more_o example_n a_o table_n of_o superficial_a long_a measure_n from_o a_o inch_n to_o a_o mile_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o england_n inch._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o a_o foot_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 36_o 3_o a_o yard_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 45_o 3_o ¾_n 1_o ¼_n ell._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 198_o 16_o ½_o 5_o ½_o 4_o ⅖_n pole_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 7920_o 660_o 220_o 176_o 40_o furlong_n  _fw-fr 63360_o 5280_o 1760_o 1408_o 320_o 8_o mile_n a_o table_n of_o square_a measure_n acre_n 4_o 160_o 4840_o 43560_o  _fw-fr rood_n 40_o 1210_o 10890_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr pole_n 30_o ¼_n 272_o ¼_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr yard_n 9_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr foot_n a_o example_n of_o the_o table_n of_o long_a measure_n suppose_v you_o be_v to_o find_v out_o how_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o look_v under_o inch_n and_o against_o pole_n there_o be_v 198_o and_o so_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o and_o 16_o ½_o foot_n 5_o ½_o yard_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o square_a measure_n to_o know_v how_o many_o square_a yard_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n look_v against_o pole_n and_o above_o yard_n there_o be_v 30_o ¼_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o a_o pole_n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o superficial_a measure_n as_o paving_n plaistering_n wainscoting_n and_o paint_v which_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n square_a and_o may_v be_v measure_v by_o some_o of_o the_o rule_n before_o show_v your_o ready_a way_n be_v by_o the_o yard_n divide_v into_o ten_o part_n so_o will_v you_o odd_a measure_n come_v into_o decimal_a fraction_n which_o be_v as_o easy_o cast_v up_o as_o whole_a number_n or_o if_o you_o measure_v by_o the_o foot_n rule_n have_v it_o divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o when_o you_o have_v find_v the_o content_a in_o foot_n divide_v it_o by_o 9_o the_o quotient_n will_v show_v you_o how_o many_o yard_n and_o if_o any_o remain_n they_o be_v foot_n some_o sort_n of_o work_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o square_n of_o 10_o foot_n the_o side_n so_o that_o such_o a_o square_n be_v 100_o foot_n for_o ten_o time_n ten_o be_v a_o hundred_o by_o this_o measure_n be_v your_o carpenter_n work_v measure_v as_o floor_n partition_n roof_n of_o house_n so_o also_o be_v til_v and_o slat_v measure_v this_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o measure_v and_o to_o cast_v up_o for_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o breadth_n by_o the_o length_n so_o many_o hundred_o as_o you_o find_v so_o many_o square_n be_v there_o and_o what_o remain_v be_v part_n of_o a_o square_n board_n and_o glass_n etc._n etc._n be_v measure_v by_o the_o foot_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o ten_o part_n which_o will_v be_v much_o easy_a to_o count_v up_o but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o survey_v see_v the_o work_n of_o mr._n leyborn_n mr._n wing_n mr._n rathborn_a etc._n etc._n have_v the_o length_n of_o a_o field_n to_o know_v what_o breadth_n will_v make_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n and_o line_n of_o number_n ex._n the_o length_n be_v 12_o chain_n 50_o link_n to_o find_v the_o breadth_n to_o make_v that_o length_n just_a one_o acre_n do_v thus_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12.50_o the_o length_n to_o 10_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o 80_o which_o be_v the_o breadth_n in_o link_n to_o make_v one_o acre_n for_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12.50_o by_o 80_o it_o yield_v 100000_o from_o which_o if_o you_o take_v off_o five_o cipher_n there_o remain_v one_o which_o be_v one_o acre_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xli_o of_o measure_v holes_n and_o border_n that_o be_v under_o a_o pole_n broad_a by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a let_v or_o take_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o pole-square_a etc._n etc._n with_o several_a table_n of_o measure_n holes_n for_o to_o set_v tree_n in_o be_v seldom_o make_v under_o one_o foot_n diameter_n or_o above_o eight_o foot_n diameter_n the_o depth_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o foot_n deep_a the_o rule_n to_o measure_v any_o circle_n by_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v thus_o to_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n and_o the_o semi-diameter_n and_o multiply_v these_o half_n the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o sheweth_z the_o superficial_a content_a or_o area_n of_o that_o circle_n this_o you_o may_v work_v either_o by_o the_o pen_n or_o line_n of_o number_n as_o by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n thus_o the_o diameter_n be_v four_o foot_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1._o to_o 4._o the_o diameter_n keep_v your_o compass_n fix_v and_o always_o on_o the_o number_n 7854_o set_v one_o point_n and_o turn_v twice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o if_o they_o fall_v off_o at_o the_o end_n at_o the_o second_o turn_n then_o must_v you_o set_v they_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n when_o you_o have_v turn_v they_o once_o etc._n etc._n have_v take_v the_o distance_n of_o 1_o to_o 4._o and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o stand_a number_n 7854_o the_o other_o point_n go_v to_o 31_o and_o near_o ½_o thence_o if_o you_o turn_v another_o turn_v it_o will_v go_v off_o from_o the_o line_n therefore_o you_o must_v find_v the_o point_n 31_o and_o near_a ½_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n and_o set_v one_o point_n there_o the_o other_o will_v reach_v to_o 12_o and_o about_o 58_o 100_o which_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o a_o circle_n of_o 4_o foot_n diameter_n there_o be_v 12_o superficial_a square_a foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o better_o now_o to_o work_v it_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n above_o by_o the_o line_n if_o you_o multiply_v the_o semi-diameter_n by_o the_o semi-circumference_n 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the_o sector_n with_o its_o excellent_a use_n in_o the_o mathematics_n perform_v by_o line_n and_o compass_n but_o according_a to_o the_o last_o rule_n see_v the_o same_o question_n write_v with_o the_o pen_n that_o you_o may_v see_v the_o agreement_n that_o be_v between_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n example_n 144_o which_o 741_o barly-corn_n be_v above_o half_a a_o foot_n as_o be_v show_v before_o but_o in_o find_v the_o circumference_n i_o add_v a_o cypher_n to_o 4_o which_o make_v it_o 40_o from_o that_o i_o take_v 6_o time_n 7_o which_o be_v 42_o and_o shall_v be_v
inch_n then_o must_v you_o turn_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o lefthand_n and_o because_o this_o rule_n be_v the_o most_o use_v see_v another_o example_n for_o this_o way_n most_o man_n do_v measure_n by_o example_n 5._o a_o board_n ten_o inch_n broad_a and_o 6_o foot_n long_o how_o many_o foot_n be_v there_o in_o that_o board_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12_o the_o standing_z number_n to_o 10_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 6_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o 5_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n for_o as_o 12_o be_v to_o 10_o so_o be_v 6_o to_o 5._o thus_o have_v show_v some_o example_n in_o superficial_a measure_n in_o multiplication_n here_o i_o shall_v show_v a_o few_o example_n in_o solid_a measure_n and_o first_o know_v that_o you_o must_v take_v the_o superficial_a content_n of_o the_o base_a or_o end_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o be_v round_a square_a or_o triangle_n which_o you_o may_v do_v by_o multiplication_n as_o be_v before_o show_v then_o multiply_v the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o product_n give_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o the_o piece_n example_n six_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n 14_o inch_n broad_a and_o 10_o inch_n deep_a and_o 30_o inch_n long_o how_o many_o square_a inch_n in_o that_o piece_n of_o timber_n set_a one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o one_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 10_o the_o depth_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 14_o the_o breadth_n to_o 140_o the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a then_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o one_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 30_o the_o length_n that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 140_o the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a to_o 4200_o the_o solid_a content_n of_o the_o piece_n in_o inches_n but_o if_o you_o will_v find_v the_o content_a of_o this_o piece_n of_o timber_n or_o any_o other_o in_o foot_n and_o part_n you_o may_v do_v it_o thus_o find_v the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a as_o before_o then_o as_o the_o square_a inch_n in_o a_o foot_n viz._n 1728_o be_v to_o the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o inch_n to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n and_o part_n example_n 7._o how_o many_o foot_n and_o part_n be_v there_o in_o the_o piece_n of_o the_o last_o example_n which_o be_v 14_o inch_n broad_a and_o 10_o inch_n deep_a and_o 30_o inch_n long_o have_v find_v the_o base_a as_o before_o to_o be_v 140_o then_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 140_o to_o 728_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 30_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n to_o two_o foot_n and_o near_o a_o half_a viz._n to_o two_o foot_n 744_o inch_n you_o must_v turn_v your_o compass_n from_o 30_o towards_o the_o left_a hand_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o much_o in_o length_n make_v a_o foot_n than_o the_o rule_n be_v thus_o as_o the_o content_a of_o the_o base_a be_v to_o 1728_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o foot_n square_a that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o the_o number_n of_o inch_n or_o part_n which_o will_v make_v a_o foot_n at_o such_o a_o length_n example_n 8._o of_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o timber_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o example_n the_o base_a you_o may_v find_v as_o before_o to_o be_v 140_o then_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 140_o the_o base_a to_o 1728_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o foot_n square_a that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 12_o and_o little_o more_o than_o 35_o 100_o for_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12_o 35_o 100_o by_o 140_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 1729_o which_o be_v but_o one_o more_o than_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o foot_n and_o here_o you_o may_v note_v the_o error_n that_o many_o man_n commit_v in_o add_v the_o breadth_n and_o depth_n together_o and_o take_v the_o half_a of_o that_o sum_n for_o the_o true_a square_n and_o the_o more_o the_o side_n differ_v the_o more_o they_o be_v mistake_v the_o same_o error_n be_v daily_o commit_v by_o those_o which_o measure_n timber_n for_o they_o take_v the_o circumference_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o round_a timber_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o that_o they_o take_v for_o the_o true_a square_n of_o the_o piece_n which_o be_v altogether_o false_a as_o i_o say_v before_o though_o custom_n do_v strong_o uphold_v that_o error_n against_o reason_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o true_a square_a piece_n of_o timber_n than_o you_o may_v measure_v it_o this_o way_n very_o ready_o as_o example_n 9_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n 10_o inch_n square_a and_o 16_o foot_n long_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o always_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 12_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n in_o inch_n or_o part_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n or_o part_n to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o from_o that_o number_n to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n and_o part_n that_o be_v it_o will_v reach_v from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n in_o foot_n and_o part_n to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n and_o part_n as_o thus_o in_o this_o example_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12_o to_o 10_o the_o side_z of_o the_o square_n in_o inch_n that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 16_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n at_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n to_o 11_o foot_n and_o a_o little_a above_o 1_o 10_o viz_o 11_o foot_n and_o 192_o 1728._o be_v sure_a always_o to_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v less_o than_o 12_o inch_n square_a than_o you_o must_v turn_v twice_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n but_o if_o more_o than_o 12_o inch_n then_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n twice_o now_o this_o be_v the_o way_n in_o use_n i_o will_v show_v one_o example_n more_o of_o a_o tree_n 30_o foot_n long_o have_v the_o circumference_n 60_o inch_n now_o the_o four_o part_n of_o 60_o be_v 15_o which_o i_o take_v for_o the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o that_o circle_n as_o be_v usual_o do_v though_o not_o with_o truth_n always_o example_n 10._o then_o i_o extend_v my_o compass_n from_o 12_o to_o 15_o the_o side_z of_o the_o square_n in_o inches_n and_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 30_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o near_o 47_o foot_n the_o content_a this_o be_v the_o customary_a way_n but_o if_o you_o look_v into_o the_o table_n pag._n 174_o you_o may_v there_o see_v that_o 60_o inch_n circumference_n one_o foot_n length_n give_v 1.988_o which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o give_v 59_o foot_n and_o 640_o here_o also_o you_o see_v the_o error_n of_o the_o customary_a way_n but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o and_o therefore_o shall_v give_v no_o more_o example_n now_o but_o note_v this_o that_o what_o be_v here_o say_v of_o foot-measure_n may_v also_o be_v apply_v to_o pole_n yard_n or_o the_o like_a have_v the_o root_n give_v by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n you_o may_v save_v two_o multiplication_n and_o find_v the_o square_n of_o that_o root_n and_o the_o cube_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o may_v you_o find_v as_o many_o number_n as_o you_o please_v in_o a_o continual_a proportion_n example_n 11._o the_o root_n be_v give_v extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 12_o to_o 144_o the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 144_o to_o 1728_o so_o then_o if_o 12_o be_v the_o root_n 144_o be_v the_o square_n of_o that_o root_n and_o 1728_o the_o cube_n of_o that_o root_n etc._n etc._n but_o note_n that_o when_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o 12_o the_o next_o turn_n will_v go_v off_o the_o line_n therefore_o you_o must_v seek_v 12_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o line_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o turn_v from_o that_o 12_o note_v this_o in_o all_o case_n wherein_o your_o compass_n go_v off_o the_o line_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o the_o root_n be_v give_v ready_o to_o find_v the_o cube_n i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o the_o cube_n be_v give_v how_o to_o find_v the_o root_n and_o though_o this_o and_o some_o other_o example_n before_o be_v not_o do_v by_o multiplication_n yet_o because_o they_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o i_o do_v here_o show_v they_o to_o extract_v the_o cuberoot_n the_o rule_n be_v divide_v the_o space_n between_o the_o cube_n give_v and_o 1_o into_o 3_o equal_a part_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o of_o these_o 3_o part_n from_o 1_o be_v the_o root_n example_n 11._o the_o cube_n 64_o be_v give_v what_o
it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a then_o defer_v it_o till_o february_n but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v wet_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v make_v drein_n two_o spade-deep_a and_o a_o yard_n wide_a and_o at_o every_o two_o yard_n asunder_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o ground_n you_o leave_v and_o sow_v it_o the_o first_o year_n with_o oat_n to_o mellow_v the_o ground_n which_o may_v pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o your_o charge_n if_o not_o all_o the_o next_o winter_n set_v it_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o wood_n water-pople_a and_o other_o alder_a willow_n withy_o sallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o you_o may_v have_v a_o good_a fall_n of_o wood_n so_o may_v you_o have_v every_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o for_o many_o year_n to_o encourage_v you_o esquire_n evelin_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o abele_n that_o do_v shoot_v in_o one_o year_n seventeen_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o your_o wrist_n and_o also_o inform_v you_o of_o some_o willow_n that_o have_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n therefore_o to_o those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v wet_a or_o moorish_a ground_n which_o be_v bad_a and_o will_v not_o graze_v well_o do_v i_o direct_v this_o good_a husbandry_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o and_o fell_v well_o the_o charge_n to_o do_v this_o will_v not_o be_v great_a and_o to_o satisfy_v you_o the_o more_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o if_o you_o dig_v two_o spade_n deep_a then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o ground_n to_o dig_v that_o be_v to_o dig_v your_o trench_n one_o yard_n wide_a and_o leave_v two_o yard_n there_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o sow_v one_o year_n or_o to_o set_v the_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v the_o ground_n ready_a 160_o rod_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 3_o give_v one_o 3_o d._n of_o 160_o which_o be_v 53_o and_o â…“_n this_o 53_o double_a neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a