water_n but_o right_o against_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a place_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n m._n the_o rand_n be_v a_o short_a reach_n extend_v itself_o from_o cold-barbour_n to_o crafford-ness_a which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o dart-ford-creek_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n right_o against_o which_o creek_n rand-hill_n a_o shoal_n call_v rand-hill_n lie_v a_o shoal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n call_v rand-hill_n but_o not_o dangerous_a this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n long-reach_a this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o nature_n be_v the_o long_a reach_n in_o the_o river_n and_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o crafford-ness_a to_o greenbith_n town_n on_o the_o north_n side_n between_o purfleet_n and_o sleepers-bole_n lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o dangerous_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o reach_n there_o be_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o all_o down_o the_o north_n reach_v there_o be_v seven_o fathom_v water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o dranght_n with_o the_o letter_n â—_o st._n clements-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v in_o two_o part_n first_o from_o greenbith_n to_o st._n clement_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o from_o st._n clement_n to_o gray_n it_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n this_o reach_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a in_o the_o whole_a river_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o foul_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o situation_n especial_o with_o some_o wind_n as_o a_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n wind_n which_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a weather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v more_o boat_n cast_v away_o then_o in_o all_o the_o reach_v in_o the_o whole_a river_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a weather_n that_o annoy_v this_o reach_n fidlers-reach_a fidlers-reach_a it_o be_v call_v fidlers-reach_a because_o any_o little_a wind_n will_v raise_v the_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o boat_n dance_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n a_o little_a above_o grayes-town_n black-shelf_n black-shelf_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v black-shelf_n whereon_o ship_n sometime_o come_v aground_o take_v no_o harm_n but_o sit_v upright_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n north-fleet-hope_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o grayes-town_n down_o to_o north-fleet_n which_o be_v on_o the_o kentish-shore_n and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o southeast_n by_o south_n there_o be_v about_o eight_o fathom_n water_n all_o along_o this_o reach_n and_o be_v bold_a enough_o have_v no_o danger_n on_o any_o side_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n gravesend-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o north-fleet_n below_o the_o town_n of_o gravesend_n to_o a_o place_n call_v the_o pile_n pile_n pile_n there_o be_v good_a ride_v on_o any_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n the_o water_n rise_v here_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o town_n you_o will_v have_v eight_o and_o below_o six_o fathom_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n r._n tilbury-hope_a this_o reach_n lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pile_n aforesaid_a down_o to_o mucking-creek_n which_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n here_o be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_v five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n ship_n may_v convenient_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o thames-mouth_n to_o flamborough-head_n show_v their_o bearing_n and_o distance_n from_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o land_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n on_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o channel_n between_o they_o blyth-sand_n this_o sand_n begin_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hope_n from_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-bead_n point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o run_v down_o below_o hull-haven_n it_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n the_o low_a down_o the_o broad_a there_o be_v some_o distance_n between_o the_o eastermost_a end_n and_o the_o shore_n but_o the_o westermost_a end_n join_v to_o the_o land_n those_o that_o turn_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n hull-haven-scarr_n hull-haven-scarr_n be_v a_o dangerous_a shoal_n be_v very_o hard_a ground_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a below_o hull-haven_n stretch_v off_o from_o the_o land_n about_o two_o cable_n length_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o by_o it_o this_o and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o blyth-sand_n make_v the_o channel_n more_o narrow_a then_o either_o above_o or_o below_o and_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o run_v very_o strong_a in_o spring-tyde_n it_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o shoal_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o chapman_n the_o chapman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v about_o two_o mile_n below_o the_o scar_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o west_n end_n thereof_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n chapman-head_n chapman-head_n and_o be_v call_v the_o chapman-head_n it_o lie_v down_o near_o from_o the_o scar_n east_n be_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o steep_a too_o have_v nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o east_n end_v thereof_o appear_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v hard_o strong_a and_o uneven_a ground_n have_v six_o fathom_n water_n close_o aboard_o of_o it_o the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o chapman_n be_v to_o bring_v hadley_n church_n and_o hadley_n castle_n both_o in_o one_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n from_o hence_o run_v a_o shoal_n which_o reach_v below_o canvey-island_n high-sand_n high-sand_n and_o be_v call_v high-sand_n middleground_n this_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v against_o lee_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o at_o low_a tide_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n about_o 4_o or_o 4_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n side_n be_v the_o deep_a it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v down_o east_n as_o the_o river_n do_v ground_n mark_n of_o the_o middle_a ground_n the_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v lee-church_n on_o the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o marsh_n which_o be_v the_o east_n end_n of_o canvey-island_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o shoal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o may_v go_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o this_o shelf_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o nower_n and_o buoy_z the_o nower_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o run_v down_o near_a east_n two_o little_a mile_n on_o the_o east_n point_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z in_o twelve_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v broad_a in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o buoy_z mark_n of_o the_o buoy_z and_o dry_v every_o low-water_n minster-church_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n bear_v south_n by_o bast_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n and_o shyrness_n west_n half_a southerly_a about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v fast_o one_o quarter_n southerly_a near_o five_o mile_n this_o sand_n and_o buoy_z be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o cant._n the_o cant_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sheppy_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o shyreness_n and_o so_o run_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o island_n where_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o redsand_n and_o spaniard_n join_v to_o it_o this_o shoal_n lie_v off_o from_o sheppy_n in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n in_o other_o two_o the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o far_o off_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o join_n with_o
lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a seven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o sporn_n if_o go_v up_o on_o the_o south_n side_n you_o bring_v pauls-tower_n open_a of_o the_o redcliff_n to_o the_o eastward_a than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z holms_n the_o holms_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o east_n end_n come_v within_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z and_o on_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v south_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o pauls-church_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n northwest_o by_o west_n about_o thirteen_o mile_n the_o dogger-bank_n east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n six_o league_n lie_v the_o westermost_a corner_n off_o of_o the_o dogger-bank_n from_o which_o it_o extend_v itself_o north-east_n by_o east_n 77_o league_n the_o eastermost_a end_n be_v but_o 17_o league_n south-west_n by_o west_n from_o rinkopperdeep_a in_o jutland_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v 11_o league_n on_o the_o westermost_a end_n hereof_o you_o will_v have_v 10_o 9_o 11_o 12_o and_z 13_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o east_n end_n 14_o 15_o 18_o 20_o and_o at_o the_o point_n of_o it_o 25_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v 50_o 46_o 45_o &_o 40_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n 28_o and_o 26_o fathom_n crouch-bank_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o the_o naze_n lie_v this_o great_a bank_n north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n 35_o league_n the_o south_n end_v hereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n five_o league_n and_o from_o flamborrough-head_n north-east_n half_a easterly_a 39_o league_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v 22_o in_o the_o middle_n 38_o 39_o and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n 28_o fathom_n which_o bear_v from_o the_o naze_n w._n s._n w._n 39_o league_n the_o whitebank_n about_o twenty_o league_n north_n from_o friezland_n lie_v the_o whitebank_n be_v in_o length_n 27_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o league_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n 13_o league_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n be_v 23_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n end_n 22._o the_o white-water_n north-west_n by_o west_n fourteen_o league_n from_o the_o texel_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o white-water_n lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n ten_o league_n on_o which_o be_v sixteen_o fathom_n the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o well_o seven_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 24_o and_o 25_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n 27_o and_o 28_o fathom_n the_o well_o north-east_n by_o north_n from_o wintertonness_n about_o eleven_o league_n lie_v the_o well_o be_v a_o large_a square_a bank_n in_o length_n 13_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n 10_o the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v very_o uneven_a where_o at_o the_o first_o cast_v you_o will_v have_v 12_o the_o next_o 16_o and_o in_o some_o place_n 22_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o four_o league_n near_o the_o say_v well_o 30_o and_o 24_o near_o the_o dogger_n 51_o 44_o 30_o and_o 28_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o bread-bank_n 23_o and_o 24_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o english_a shore_n 20_o 26_o and_o 24_o fathom_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o dover_n the_o flat_n the_o flat_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a flatness_n on_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n and_o not_o alter_v one_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o course_n from_o the_o narrow_a to_o the_o redsand_n you_o may_v have_v ten_o foot_n water_n to_o the_o eastward_a in_o some_o hole_n you_o have_v fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o foot_n water_n the_o danger_n that_o be_v in_o these_o flat_n be_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o place_n for_o he_o that_o keep_v himself_o on_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n which_o be_v northwest_o by_o west_n a_o quarter_n north_n if_o he_o take_v tie_v according_a to_o the_o draught_n of_o his_o ship_n shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o danger_n the_o gilman_n the_o gilman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v up_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n w.n.w._n about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n southeast_n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o fall_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n he_o that_o keep_v in_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n the_o spaniard_n the_o spaniard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o sheppy-island_n and_o run_v down_o east_n by_o north_n until_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n be_v northwest_o by_o north_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o it_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n fall_v dry_a and_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o west_n end_n of_o st._n nicholas-wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n will_v not_o come_v near_o this_o sand._n between_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n run_v down_o the_o first_o depth_n where_o there_o be_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8_o fathom_n the_o more_o to_o the_o eastward_a the_o deep_a water_n the_o redsand_n and_o buoy_z the_o redsand_n be_v very_o long_o on_o the_o east_n end_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z to_o direct_v they_o clear_v to_o the_o north_n of_o it_o into_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o oaze-edge_n which_o lead_v towards_o london_n or_o downward_o over_o the_o flat_n the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n from_o the_o buoy_z upward_o be_v steep_a too_o but_o indifferent_a shoal_v this_o buoy_z lie_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a north_n and_o west_n buoy_z mark_n of_o the_o buoy_z half_a south_n about_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n the_o mark_n on_o the_o land_n for_o this_o buoy_z be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n south-west_n and_o st._n nicholas-wood_n open_a to_o the_o reculver_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o reculver_n southeast_n the_o eastermost_a end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n upon_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v a_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n and_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o redsand_n and_o lie_v e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n contain_v about_o 4_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n be_v in_o some_o part_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o the_o deep_a part_n in_o the_o channel_n be_v nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o buoy_z and_o bear_v north_n by_o east_n from_o the_o landsend_n church_n mousehole_n church_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o sheppy_n than_o mousehole_n church_n be_v open_a to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o say_a landsend_n from_o this_o buoy_z to_z the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n the_o course_n be_v west_n a_o quarter_n south_n about_o five_o mile_n the_o spile_v the_o spile_v be_v a_o small_a round_a sand_n and_o lie_v almost_o thwart_v the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n to_o the_o southward_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o west-tayl_n of_o the_o redsand_n you_o have_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v very_o dangerous_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n buoy_z mark_n of_o this_o buoy_z and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o reculvers-sleeple_a north_n by_o west_n than_o you_o have_v two_o little_a hill_n like_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v to_o the_o reculvers-sleeple_a this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n x._o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n
lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o narrow_a or_o channel_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o but_o nine_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n y._n the_o hook_n the_o hook_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v out_o from_o marget-sand_n southeast_n so_o far_o to_o the_o southward_a that_o it_o make_v the_o channel_n very_o narrow_a the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n into_o a_o green_a dauk_fw-mi or_o valley_n in_o the_o cliff_n than_o the_o steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n five_o degree_n southerly_a the_o long_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n z._n mark._n long_a mark._n the_o long_a mark_n to_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o hook_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n over_o the_o east_n side_n or_o cliff_n of_o westgate-bay_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o so_o till_o you_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n over_o the_o gual_n when_o you_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o mark_n to_o go_v through_o middleground_n at_o the_o cliff_n end_n the_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v below_o the_o hook_n near_a the_o shore_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n four_o fathom_n this_o be_v a_o small_a narrow_a ridge_n lie_v e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n long_o it_o mark_v to_o lead_v clear_a of_o it_o the_o mark_n to_o keep_v you_o clear_a be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n over_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o westgate-bay_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o to_o bring_v the_o nethermost_a tree_n on_o the_o next_o high_a land_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o reculver_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o reculver_n this_o tree_n lean_v a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a and_o be_v a_o good_a mark_n for_o the_o hook_n downward_o or_o from_o marget-sand_n upward_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n the_o horse_n the_o horse_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v a_o little_a above_o the_o hook_n of_o marget-sand_n on_o the_o south_n side_n a_o little_a below_o the_o reculver_n church_n on_o which_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n at_o low-water_n mark._n the_o mark._n to_o avoid_v this_o you_o must_v keep_v st._n peter_n steeple_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o westgate-bay_n a_o little_a upon_o the_o cliff_n upward_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v and_o so_o from_o the_o buoy_z downward_z this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_n be_v the_o eastermost_a buoy_z that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o reculver_n the_o steeple_n bear_v from_o the_o buoy_z south_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o a_o windmill_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o channel_n of_o reculvers_n church_n or_o to_o bring_v over_o a_o small_a house_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o church_n the_o course_n upward_o from_o this_o buoy_z through_o the_o narrow_a be_v w.n.w._n the_o long_a mark_n on_o the_o shore_n sand._n mark_n of_o this_o sand._n be_v to_o bring_v birchington_n church_n right_a over_o a_o gaul_n or_o black_a hole_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o cliff_n end_n this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n w._n between_o the_o woolpack_n and_o the_o pan-sand_n or_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o the_o pan-sand_n channel_n a_o new_a channel_n go_v down_o a_o channel_n of_o one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o run_v down_o e.n.e._n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n below_o the_o wedge_n and_o pan-sand_n you_o have_v five_o fathom_v water_n and_o so_o down_o to_o the_o eastward_a deep_o as_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8_o fathom_n but_o at_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o pan-sand_n there_o be_v but_o three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o channel_n be_v deep_a and_o broad_a the_o wedge_n the_o wedge_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o marget-sand_n be_v broad_a at_o the_o west_n end_n and_o sharp_a at_o the_o east_n end_n resemble_v its_o appellation_n it_o lie_v west_n by_o north_n and_o east_n by_o south_n about_o six_o mile_n in_o length_n have_v at_o the_o westermost_a end_n between_o it_o and_o marget-sand_n three_o fathom_v water_n and_o so_o down_o to_o the_o east_n end_n until_o it_o join_v with_o marget-sand_n there_o be_v two_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n marget-sand_n the_o east_n end_n of_o marget-sand_n lie_v before_o margot_n and_o westgate-bay_n and_o up_o till_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o reculver_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o more_o name_n the_o searn_v the_o weelpack_n the_o east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o marget-church_n north_n half_a west_n four_o mile_n distance_n and_o as_o it_o run_v up_o to_o the_o westward_n end_n mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n so_o it_o grow_v near_o the_o shore_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v margot_n steeple_n and_o the_o mill_n in_o one_o the_o depth_n you_o have_v along_o this_o sand_n as_o you_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o be_v at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o upward_o 9_o 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n off_o lie_v another_o sand_n wedg_n the_o wedg_n call_v the_o wedge_n which_o run_v down_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o a_o channel_n of_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o fathom_n water_n at_o the_o low_a end_n it_o join_v with_o the_o other_o sand_n at_o the_o east_n end_n the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n the_o colborn_n the_o colborn_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o white-dike_a and_o a_o little_a to_o the_o fouthwards_o of_o broad-stairs-peer_n which_o sometime_o ebb_v dry_a it_o lie_v a_o large_a half_a mile_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o there_o be_v nine_o foot_n water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n the_o mark_n for_o a_o small_a ship_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o st._n peter_n steeple_n open_a over_o the_o land_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n u._fw-mi the_o white-dike_n the_o white-dike_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n a_o large_a half_a mile_n and_o lie_v half_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o ramsgate_n all_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o it_o dry_v every_o ebb_n and_o on_o the_o outer-part_n it_o be_v two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o at_o sometime_o there_o be_v but_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n in_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o quern_n channel_n inner_a channel_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n t._n the_o quern_n the_o quern_n be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n from_o the_o brake_n channel_n the_o inner_a channel_n between_o they_o both_o be_v a_o channel_n for_o good_a ship_n at_o high-water_n it_o be_v a_o mile_n broad_a only_o at_o the_o south_n end_v there_o lie_v a_o small_a middleground_n near_o to_o the_o brake_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n mark._n long_a mark._n the_o long_a mark_n for_o this_o middleground_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n marget_n church_n near_o the_o south-foreland_n a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o deal-castle_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n the_o thwart_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v winsborough_n steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o sandwich_n steeple_n then_o be_v you_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o this_o middleground_n mark._n lead_v mark._n the_o lead_a mark_n through_o this_o channel_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n marget_n church_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o wamer_n and_o deal_v castle_n the_o middleground_n except_v for_o when_o you_o come_v near_o that_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o church_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o you_o may_v turn_v the_o church_n from_o the_o middle_n between_o deal_n and_o wamer_n castle_n if_o you_o bring_v the_o church_n more_o than_o half_o over_o towards_o wame_a castle_n you_o will_v be_v near_o the_o brake_n if_o not_o on_o it_o the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o quern_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n laurence_n steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o southward_n
this_o bank_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o nine_o mile_n be_v very_o narrow_a on_o which_o you_o have_v five_o and_o fix_v fathom_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o southeast_n by_o east_n from_o the_o haven_n of_o newport_n lie_v a_o ridge_n whereon_o there_o be_v scarce_o three_o foot_n at_o low-water_n be_v sometime_o dry_a ship_n that_o will_v go_v before_o dunkirk_n and_o can_v get_v alongst_o by_o flanders_n must_v run_v about_o without_o these_o bank_n until_o they_o come_v against_o broad-bank_n and_o then_o run_v in_o alongst_o between_o it_o and_o the_o stone-bank_n in_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n stroome-bank_n the_o stroome-bank_n lie_v before_o newport_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n whereon_o you_o have_v two_o and_o three_o fathom_v water_n within_z and_z without_o it_o you_o have_v 9_o 8_o and_z 7_o fathom_n and_o at_o each_o end_n 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o town_n of_o suern_n south_n by_o east_n from_o you_o and_o so_o steer_v through_o between_o it_o and_o the_o stone-bank_n in_o 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n the_o gear_n the_o gear_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v alongst_o the_o land_n from_o ostend_n to_o dunkirk_n whereon_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n go_v a_o channel_n of_o 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o a_o mile_n boon-land_n boon-land_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o ostend_n about_o four_o mile_n distant_a whereon_o be_v but_o two_o and_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o gear_n be_v a_o channel_n of_o 5_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o north_n end_v hereof_o lie_v two_o or_o three_o small_a bank_n whereon_o you_o have_v but_o two_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o fathom_n peerdemart_n and_o hart-sand_n peerdemart_n and_o hart-sand_n be_v bank_n which_o join_v together_o lie_v alongst_o the_o coast_n peerdemart_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o sluys_n the_o hart-sand_n end_v about_o a_o league_n northwest_o from_o ostend_n which_o be_v almost_o fix_v league_n and_o a_o half_a on_o these_o sand_n there_o be_v but_o two_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o fathom_n within_o it_o you_o have_v 3_o 4_o and_z 5_o fathom_n innerbank_n innerbank_n lie_v off_o gad-sand_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o the_o shore_n it_o lie_v south-west_n by_o west_n two_o league_n whereon_o there_o be_v but_o 1_o and_o 1_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a when_o nasson_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o sluys_n be_v in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v the_o middle_n of_o it_o when_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o sluys_n bear_v south_n then_o be_v you_o clear_v the_o east_n end_n and_o may_v steer_v your_o course_n for_o flushing_n when_o the_o west_n chappel_n and_o the_o knock_n be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o south_n end_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n hereof_o lie_v the_o channel_n call_v the_o inner-weelings_a and_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o weeling_n heist-bank_n ripthart-sand_n and_o utterbank_n the_o heist_n ripthart_n and_o utterbank_n join_v together_o be_v all_o in_o length_n about_o eight_o league_n and_o a_o half_a when_o the_o castle_n of_o sluye_n be_v south_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o heist-sand_n when_o the_o west_n chappel_n and_o the_o knock_n be_v bring_v in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o ridge_n of_o it_o call_v engelse-ridge_n this_o sand_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n broad_a have_v no_o more_o than_o two_o and_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n the_o ripthart_n be_v a_o narrow_a bank_n whereon_o there_o be_v 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o fathom_n the_o utterbank_n in_o the_o middle_n join_v to_o the_o ripthart_a lie_v in_o the_o sea_n south-west_n by_o south_n and_o north-east_n by_o north_n in_o length_n two_o league_n whereon_o you_o have_v 7_o 6_o 4_o and_z 3_o fathom_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o geer_n on_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o ostend_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v it_o but_o when_o oudenburg_n be_v on_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o town_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o drooge_n drooge_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v from_o the_o sluye_v northwest_o distant_a from_o the_o shore_n about_o three_o league_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n be_v in_o length_n two_o league_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o east_n end_v hereof_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n when_o nassan_n and_o sluye_v castle_n be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v a_o shoal_n whereon_o be_v but_o 1_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o two_o fathom_n when_o west_n chappel_n be_v southeast_n by_o south_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o it_o but_o when_o west_n chappel_n and_o the_o knock_n be_v in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o small_a bank_n small-bank_n almost_o join_v to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o utterbank_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n n._n e._n by_o north_n in_o length_n almost_o three_o league_n whereon_o be_v seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n the_o north_n end_n lie_v from_o the_o sluice_n southeast_n by_o east_n four_o league_n whitebank_n whitebank_n lie_v between_o ostend_n and_o the_o sluice_n distant_a from_o theshore_o four_o league_n and_o a_o half_a it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n in_o length_n three_o league_n and_o a_o half_a the_o water_n on_o it_o be_v 9_o 8_o 7_o 9_o 8_o 11_o fathom_n deep_a easter-bank_n easter-bank_n lie_v without_o whitebank_n distant_a about_o a_o league_n between_o which_o go_v the_o channel_n den_n hekelag_n this_o bank_n lie_v almost_o parallel_v to_o the_o other_o be_v in_o length_n five_o league_n whereon_o you_o have_v 4_o 5_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 13_o 14_o 15_o fathom_n stone-bank_n stone-bank_n lie_v off_o walcheren_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n three_o great_a league_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o midleborrough_n and_o domburge_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o it_o when_o buyenskerk_n and_o westchappel_n in_o walcheren_n be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o south-west_n end_n when_o middleborrough_n lie_v southeast_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n this_o bank_n be_v in_o length_n two_o league_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n be_v very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v on_o it_o but_o two_o and_o three_o fathom_n geer_n the_o gear_n be_v a_o little_a bank_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o walcheren_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o shore_n about_o a_o mile_n you_o may_v go_v within_o it_o in_o four_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n by_o keep_v the_o town_n of_o flushing_n shut_v with_o the_o land_n eastern_a and_o northern_a race_n off_o from_o westchappel_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o great_a bank_n whereon_o be_v two_o race_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n call_v the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a race_n st._n anna_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n from_o you_o carry_v you_o clear_a the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o the_o aforesaid_a mark_n of_o the_o gear_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a on_o the_o inner_a side_n until_o westchappel_n be_v north-east_n from_o you_o then_o follow_v the_o direction_n for_o landdeep_a calloert_fw-mi and_o querns_n calloert_fw-mi and_o querns_n be_v two_o bank_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o walcheren_n be_v half_o a_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o also_o from_o the_o northern_a raze_v of_o the_o foresay_a bank_n the_o quern_n at_o low_a water_n be_v dry_a in_o many_o place_n the_o calloert_fw-mi also_o have_v but_o three_o foot_n water_n between_o these_o go_v a_o channel_n of_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n call_v the_o east-gat_a banjaert_n banjaert_n alias_o kanteyn-steyl_a be_v a_o great_a bank_n which_o bend_v itself_o towards_o walcheren_n from_o which_o the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a almost_o two_o league_n the_o east_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o land_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o whence_o it_o run_v east_n by_o south_n almost_o four_o mile_n in_o which_o space_n there_o lie_v four_o buoys_n the_o conver_n side_n lie_v along_o by_o schowen_v between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n lie_v a_o small_a bank_n whereon_o there_o be_v a_o buoy_z at_o each_o end_n this_o bank_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n in_o many_o place_n a_o cable_n length_n from_o the_o west_n end_v hereof_o lie_v two_o small_a shoal_n call_v rifgens_n to_o
avoid_v which_o keep_v east-chappel_n and_o middleborrough_n one_o in_o the_o other_o which_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a newsand_n newsand_n lie_v from_o the_o west_n part_n of_o schowen_v half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o run_v off_o w._n n._n w._n five_o mile_n between_o banjaert_n and_o it_o run_v a_o channel_n call_v the_o velt_n half_o a_o mile_n broad_a where_o there_o be_v 1_o and_o a_o half_a 2_o and_o 3_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n in_o some_o place_n will_v be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n the_o hill_n the_o hill_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o newsand_n between_o which_o run_v a_o channel_n call_v newdeep_a where_o you_o will_v have_v three_o and_o two_o fathom_n on_o this_o bank_n there_o be_v but_o 6_o and_o 8_o foot_n ouru_v ourust_n be_v a_o triangular_a sand_n the_o east_n corner_n whereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o west_n side_n of_o north-beveland_a about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o west_n corner_n lie_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o little_a sand_n call_v the_o shoots-man_n half_o a_o mile_n on_o the_o north_n corner_n which_o run_v out_o into_o the_o channel_n call_v the_o roompot_n there_o lie_v a_o buoy_z in_o 1_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n on_o the_o side_n of_o this_o sand_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o lie_v two_o other_o buoys_n to_o direct_v man_n which_o go_v up_o the_o channel_n this_o sand_n be_v dry_a in_o many_o place_n the_o shoots-man_n the_o shoots-man_n be_v a_o little_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o walcheren_n be_v distant_a from_o terveer_n about_o a_o mile_n and_o be_v two_o mile_n in_o length_n lie_v close_o by_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o northwest_n end_v there_o lie_v a_o buoy_z from_o which_o to_o the_o point_n of_o walkeren_n there_o lie_v three_o other_o southeast_n by_o south_n and_o northwest_n by_o north_n one_o from_o the_o other_o these_o buoys_n lie_n in_o four_o and_o six_o fathom_v water_n the_o laegten_a the_o laegten_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v between_o schowen_v and_o goeree_n on_o the_o south_n side_n thereof_o lie_v 3_o buoys_n east_n and_o west_n one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o west_n end_n where_o of_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o hill_n about_o a_o mile_n and_o half_a the_o mark_n for_o this_o end_n be_v to_o keep_v rimse_n on_o the_o cliff_n of_o weolsack_n and_o it_o will_v carry_v you_o through_o clear_a of_o the_o say_a end_n between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v 17_o 18_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o corner_n at_o the_o east-head_n the_o buoys_n be_v sufficient_a mark_n which_o course_n will_v also_o carry_v you_o clear_v the_o west_n end_n and_o also_o of_o the_o hill_n in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o sand_n you_o will_v have_v but_o three_o and_o four_o fathom_n in_o other_o place_n 11_o and_o 12_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v in_o length_n two_o league_n and_o a_o half_a bend_v to_o the_o northward_a both_o side_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v within_o 12_o and_o 14_o fathom_n and_o without_o 12_o 14_o and_o 16_o fathom_n springer_n springer_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o all_o time_n be_v almost_o dry_a and_o join_v on_o the_o west_n side_n to_o the_o laegten_o from_o the_o southeast_n side_n run_v out_o a_o tail_n two_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o point_n whereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o mouth_n of_o browershaven_n northwest_o almost_o three_o mile_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v ziericzea_n and_o east-street_n which_o be_v a_o house_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o browershaven_n both_o in_o one_o and_o will_v lead_v you_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 10_o 20_o and_o 24_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o go_v within_o between_o schownen_n and_o it_o keep_v the_o town_n of_o bomment_n east_n by_o south_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o direct_o to_o the_o westermost_a buoy_z within_o the_o laegten_o keet-werf_a keet-werf_a be_v the_o westermost_a point_n of_o the_o land_n geeree_n from_o which_o rune_v off_o a_o small_a tail_n four_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n call_v westhead_n be_v distant_a from_o laegten_v not_o above_o half_a a_o mile_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o have_v seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o the_o mark_n for_o the_o point_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v ziericzea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o a_o wood._n which_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o the_o hinder_v the_o hinder_v be_v a_o crooked_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o goeree_n bend_v with_o the_o land_n in_o some_o place_n distant_a above_o a_o mile_n in_o other_o some_o less_o where_o you_o will_v have_v at_o the_o eastermost_a point_n 18_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o channel_n 20_o 30_o 40_o and_o 50_o fathom_n it_o be_v in_o length_n two_o league_n and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o east_n end_v you_o have_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o the_o far_a to_o the_o west_n the_o deep_a water_n at_o the_o west_n end_v you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n west-plat_a west-plat_a be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v out_o from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o voeren_n about_o four_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o hinder_v about_o two_o three_o of_o a_o league_n on_o it_o there_o be_v but_o 3_o 5_o and_z 10_o fathom_n the_o channel_n between_o it_o and_o the_o hinder_v be_v 9_o 10_o and_z 12_o fathom_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o quack_n just_o open_a of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o will_v carry_v you_o through_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n the_o broad-fourteens_a the_o bread-fourteens_a so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o water_n upon_o it_o which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v 14_o fathom_n it_o join_v with_o the_o land_n begin_v at_o scheveling_n and_o run_v off_o w._n n._n w._n almost_o five_o league_n than_o n._n w._n by_o north_n nine_o league_n from_o thence_o n.e._n by_o north_n 23_o league_n which_o be_v the_o very_a point_n of_o it_o where_o you_o have_v 18_o fathom_n which_o lie_v from_o the_o texel_n 8_o league_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o schevel_v on_o the_o coast_n northward_o 5_o league_n or_o within_o a_o league_n and_o half_a of_o santâ—â—â—rt_n from_o which_o it_o run_v with_o a_o concavity_n to_o the_o say_a point_n the_o hard_a outer-rib_n &_o small-acht_a these_o be_v three_o small_a sand_n which_o run_v into_o the_o bread-fourteens_a the_o hard_a be_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o stantvoort_n and_o run_v off_o south-west_n six_o league_n whereon_o you_o have_v 3_o 5_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n the_o rib_n and_o small-acht_a and_o it_o be_v parallel_v one_o to_o the_o other_o small-acht_a beginning_n at_o egmont-zee_a and_o run_v off_o into_o the_o broad-fourteens_a distant_a from_o the_o outer-rib_n about_o four_o mile_n between_o these_o sand_n the_o channel_n be_v 6_o 7_o 8_o and_z 10_o fathom_n reysers-plat_a keysers-plat_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v a_o league_n from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o texel_n on_o which_o side_n there_o lie_v five_o buoys_n to_o direct_v man_n through_o the_o channel_n call_v the_o spaniard_n texel_n channel_n call_v the_o slenk_n near_o the_o texel_n through_o the_o middle_n hereof_o go_v a_o channel_n call_v the_o slenk_n which_o be_v very_o narrow_a wherein_o you_o have_v 27_o fathom_n in_o the_o say_a channel_n there_o lie_v fix_v buoys_n that_o sand_n which_o be_v on_o the_o other_o end_n of_o this_o channel_n reach_v within_o a_o mile_n or_o less_o of_o the_o land_n of_o holland_n between_o go_v a_o channel_n call_v sand-deep_a wherein_o there_o be_v three_o buoys_n this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o for_o without_o it_o you_o have_v 48_o fathom_n and_o at_o the_o n._n w._n corner_n 90_o within_o it_o be_v 30_o and_o 33_o fathom_n vogelsand_n vogelsand_n lie_v between_o the_o texel_n and_o wieringen_n be_v two_o league_n broad_a the_o north_n side_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o texel_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a on_o the_o north_n corner_n lie_v a_o buoy_z to_o direct_v you_o through_o the_o channel_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 70_o 80_o and_o 90_o fathom_n on_o the_o n.e._n side_n stand_v three_o beacon_n by_o which_o you_o will_v have_v 40_o and_o 50_o fathom_n from_o the_o ness-beacon_n this_o sand_n run_v south_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o uliter-beacon_n from_o which_o it_o run_v west_n to_o repel-beacon_n be_v four_o great_a mile_n from_o which_o it_o run_v n._n n._n w._n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o from_o thence_o e.n.e._n three_o mile_n which_o be_v the_o buoy_z beforesaid_a which_o buoy_z lie_v from_o the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o the_o texel_n s.s.e._n a_o mile_n and_o half_a schieringhalls_n
schieringhalls_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v along_o by_o the_o fly-land_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n between_o they_o but_o not_o navigable_a on_o the_o n._n e._n side_n stand_v five_o beacon_n and_o on_o the_o east_n point_v thereof_o which_o be_v four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a s.s.e._n half_a easterly_a from_o the_o fly-land_n lie_v a_o buoy_z about_o three_o cable_n length_n s_o e._n from_o which_o lie_v another_o on_o the_o side_n of_o this_o sand_n which_o lie_v south_n stand_v six_o beacon_n it_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n than_o it_o run_v s._n w._n by_o west_n 4_o mile_n from_o thence_o n._n w._n by_o west_n 6_o mile_n from_o whence_o it_o go_v n._n w._n be_v concave_a four_o mile_n which_o point_n be_v call_v the_o pan_n from_o which_o it_o run_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a fly_n land_n to_o the_o first_o beacon_n which_o course_n be_v e.n.e._n almost_o 4_o league_n the_o say_a point_n or_o pau_n lie_v from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o eyerland_n s.s.e._n a_o great_a mile_n breesand_n breesand_n be_v separate_v from_o schieringhal_n with_o a_o small_a channel_n from_o the_o buoy_z on_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o foresay_a sand_n to_o claes-owens_n beacon_n the_o course_n be_v s._n s._n e._n distant_a four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v 40_o and_o 48_o fathom_n from_o which_o to_o a_o beacon_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o hook_n of_o this_o sand_n the_o course_n be_v s._n s._n e._n a_o mile_n from_o which_o beacon_n to_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sand_n the_o course_n be_v south_n three_o great_a league_n in_o which_o space_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sand_n there_o stand_v four_o beacon_n from_o which_o tail_n it_o run_v n._n e._n by_o east_n about_o two_o league_n round_v about_o until_o it_o run_v north_n which_o will_v bring_v you_o to_o a_o buoy_z on_o the_o n._n w._n corner_n not_o above_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o shieringhal_n langer-sand_n langer-sand_n have_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o it_o three_o buoys_n which_o lie_v one_o from_o the_o other_o s._n e._n by_o south_n and_o n._n w._n by_o west_n this_o sand_n lie_v within_o the_o island_n grind_v and_o the_o n._n e._n side_n of_o breesand_n the_o east_n side_n be_v distant_a from_o harling_n half_a a_o mile_n hendrick-traerts_a plat._n hendrick-traerts_a plat_v be_v a_o shoal_n which_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o island_n grind_v have_v a_o buoy_z at_o the_o south_n point_v of_o it_o be_v distant_a not_o above_o two_o cable_n length_n from_o langer-sand_n the_o east_n point_v hereof_o run_v from_o the_o island_n about_o 2_o mile_n be_v distant_a from_o harling_n n._n e._n by_o north_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a schorre-ground_n schorre-ground_n lyoth_v without_o between_o the_o schelling_n and_o fly-land_n and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n on_o either_o side_n of_o it_o you_o have_v 30_o 40_o and_o 60_o fathom_n within_o it_o on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o fly-land_n lie_v another_o dry_a plat_v which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o shore_n about_o two_o mile_n between_o this_o and_o the_o foresay_a plat_v westerbâ—ems-gat_a westerbâ—ems-gat_a go_v the_o westerbooms-gat_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o those_o be_v two_o other_o plait_n but_o there_o be_v buoys_n and_o mark_n to_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o all_o the_o abdt._n the_o abdt_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v within_o the_o schelling_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n but_o not_o navigable_a it_o be_v two_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o land_n and_o about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o grind._n camper-sand_n camper-sand_n lie_v between_o the_o schelling_n and_o ameland_n distant_a from_o friesland_n about_o a_o mile_n which_o fall_v almost_o all_o dry_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o horse_n go_v a_o channel_n call_v cromme_v bornriff_a bornriff_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v without_o camper-sand_n between_o which_o go_v the_o channel_n call_v amelandgat_a amelandgat_a amelandgat_a where_o there_o be_v buoys_n to_o carry_v you_o through_o the_o watt._n the_o watt_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o rottum_n wester-emes_a wester-emes_a on_o the_o east_n side_n thereof_o go_v up_o the_o weser-emes_a in_o which_o channel_n there_o lie_v a_o little_a sand_n call_v hubers-plaet_a at_o the_o tail_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z on_o the_o south_n side_n stand_v four_o beacon_n from_o the_o westermost_a beacon_n you_o may_v direct_v your_o course_n west_n and_o sail_v into_o the_o channel_n which_o go_v up_o to_o eastmerhorn_n ruyt-sand_n from_o the_o go_n in_o of_o the_o wester-emes_a all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o grâ—eninger-land_n there_o lie_v a_o flat_a a_o great_a league_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o east_n side_n viz._n in_o the_o wester-emes_a there_o lie_v many_o buoys_n and_o beacon_n against_o the_o second_o buoy_z above_z hubers-plant_a lie_v the_o point_n of_o a_o sand_n where_o a_o swatch_n go_v in_o on_o each_o side_n which_o sand_n be_v call_v ruyt-sand_n on_o who_o point_n stand_v a_o beacon_n ransel_n ransel_n be_v a_o shoal_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o borcom_n and_o run_v s._n e._n five_o mile_n on_o the_o s._n e._n end_n of_o it_o stand_v four_o beacon_n the_o western_a and_o eastern-emes_a go_v upon_o each_o side_n of_o it_o at_o the_o point_n of_o borcom_n lie_v two_o small_a sand_n the_o one_o call_v brewers-plaet_a whereon_o stand_v a_o buoy_z the_o other_o the_o back_n of_o hogebeern_n whereon_o stand_v a_o beacon_n near_o the_o s._n e._n end_n on_o the_o say_a side_n lie_v another_o small_a sand_n call_v cornix-plaet_a where_o there_o be_v a_o buoy_z to_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o say_a island_n of_o borcom_n run_v off_o a_o shoal_n west_n three_o league_n and_o a_o half_a borcom-riff_a and_o the_o outmost_a end_n whereof_o you_o have_v four_o and_o five_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o point_n hereof_o lie_v a_o little_a sand_n call_v geltsack_v between_o which_o at_o your_o first_o entrance_n you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n and_o at_o the_o go_n in_o of_o the_o wester-emes_a eight_o fathom_n scuyt-sand_n scuyt-sand_n be_v a_o shoal_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o emderland_n from_o greitzyl_n unto_o betroen_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o stand_v four_o beacon_n leysand_n leysand_n begin_v at_o groetzyl_n and_o run_v alongst_o the_o say_a coast_n of_o emderland_n until_o you_o come_v to_o westerbreeck_n on_o the_o eastermost_a beacon_n which_o stand_v on_o scuyt-sand_n there_o run_v in_o a_o small_a channel_n which_o run_v down_o to_o norden_n on_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o at_o the_o entrance_n stand_v also_o four_o beacon_n to_o direct_v you_o through_o bandt_n bandt_n be_v a_o flat_a which_o join_v to_o juy_v and_o run_v as_o far_o as_o the_o little_a island_n bursen_z and_o run_v along_o by_o the_o easter-emes_a south_n two_o league_n on_o which_o side_n there_o be_v many_o 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channel_n go_v in_o between_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o also_o a_o channel_n between_o the_o watt_n and_o they_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o wrangeroog_n on_o the_o side_n of_o its_o shoal_n stand_v eight_o beacon_n call_v the_o beacon_n of_o wadt_n and_o also_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n lie_v two_o buoys_n likewise_o on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o say_v watt_n stand_v six_o beacon_n to_o direct_v you_o up_o stonebalg_n the_o old-doge_n the_o old-ooge_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o watt_n distant_a a_o mile_n and_o half_a by_o the_o north_n point_v hereof_o run_v up_o the_o channel_n call_v the_o weser_n rode-sand_n rode-sand_n lie_v north-east_n from_o wrangeroog_n almost_o two_o league_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o by_o west_n and_o southeast_n by_o east_n in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a on_o
the_o north-east_n end_n be_v the_o go_v up_o the_o weser_n where_o lie_v three_o buoys_n and_o on_o the_o northwest_n end_n stand_v a_o beacon_n the_o hooge_n the_o hooge_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a which_o join_v to_o the_o land_n of_o languarden_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o breadth_n run_v from_o the_o say_a point_n northwest_o four_o league_n where_o it_o end_v with_o a_o tail_n call_v smits-tayl_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o lie_v many_o buoys_n which_o be_v the_o weser-channel_n weser_n weser_n and_o in_o this_o side_n be_v many_o swatche_n the_o southground_n the_o southground_n be_v great_a flat_n which_o lie_v in_o all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o reydinger-land_n in_o some_o place_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n about_o four_o league_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o it_o go_v up_o the_o weser_n this_o be_v call_v black-ground_n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n call_v witteground_o whereon_o go_v many_o swin_n or_o channel_n viz._n broad-channel_n the_o south_n 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north_n side_n hereof_o lie_v a_o sand_n call_v iseren-hendrick_n between_o these_o go_v the_o channel_n call_v the_o north-pipe_n from_o the_o say_v hendrick_n run_v off_o a_o sand_n to_o the_o westward_o call_v blavoort_n bege_v in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o this_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n west_n 3_o league_n whereon_o there_o be_v two_o and_o three_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o plaet_fw-la blavoort_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o run_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o eyder_n eyâ—â—_n eyâ—â—_n where_o lie_v booy_n to_o direct_v you_o through_o ballast-plaet_a ballast-plaet_a run_v off_o from_o schulper-zill_a into_o the_o eyder-channel_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n whereof_o stand_v three_o beacon_n from_o whence_o it_o run_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o ditmarschen_n until_o you_o come_v to_o busen_v in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o swin_n on_o the_o west_n corner_n stand_v a_o beacon_n and_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n lie_v 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silters-riff_a run_v off_o from_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o island_n silt_n run_v off_o s._n s._n w._n four_o league_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o run_v the_o channel_n call_v silter-deep_a silte-deep_a silte-deep_a on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o island_n lie_v four_o a_o chart_n of_o flanders_n between_o calm_a and_o walcheren_n will_v all_o the_o sand_n and_o shoal_n upon_o that_o coast_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrog_n regiis_fw-la a_o chart_n of_o the_o sands_z channel_n buoy_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o dover_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o orfordness_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n sand_n between_o they_o and_o the_o land_n go_v up_o landdeep_a there_o go_v up_o also_o another_o channel_n call_v newdeep_a rust_v and_o the_o land_n be_v on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o maker_n berling-sand_n and_o haefsand_n on_o the_o other_o coersand_n and_o jurt-sand_n this_o sand_n reach_v on_o the_o coast_n from_o ripen_v to_o lutke_n tondo_n run_v off_o so_o far_o until_o it_o encompass_v the_o island_n mann_n and_o rem_fw-la between_o which_o island_n on_o the_o sand_n stand_v a_o beacon_n phann_n knuts_n phanu-knuts_a be_v a_o shoal_n from_o the_o northwest_n head_n of_o phanu_n by_o which_o go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v graeuwdeep_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o which_o channel_n near_o the_o point_n of_o langeleg_n wisdick_n wisdick_n lie_v a_o small_a sand_n call_v wisdycksand_n also_o at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o island_n phanu_n betwixt_o manu_fw-la and_o it_o wherein_o there_o be_v some_o break_a ground_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v two_o buoys_n within_o phanu_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o jutland_n from_o ripen_v to_o holm-head_n run_v a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riefhorn_n rief-born_a run_v off_o from_o horn_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n west_n by_o south_n eighteen_o league_n whereon_o you_o have_v three_o four_o and_o five_o fathom_n a_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o it_o lie_v another_o small_a shoal_n seven_o league_n in_o length_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o it_o near_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o small_a sand_n call_v doelsand_n docl-sand_n docl-sand_n on_o the_o north_n side_n close_a to_o the_o shore_n lie_v another_o small_a shoal_n call_v the_o uyl_n uyl_n uyl_n jutland-riff_a jutland-riff_a be_v a_o great_a shoal_n which_o run_v many_o league_n west_n by_o north_n into_o the_o sea_n whereon_o you_o will_v have_v 10_o 12_o 16_o 18_o 20_o fathom_n etc._n etc._n direction_n for_o sail_v into_o the_o harbour_n and_o channel_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n from_o ameland_n to_o the_o weiling_n show_v the_o mark_n and_o depth_n of_o water_n for_o pilote_v a_o ship_n through_o any_o of_o they_o amelandgat_a two_o league_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o schelling_n lie_v ameland_n lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n 4_o great_a league_n upon_o the_o
eastward_a along_o that_o sand_n until_o you_o bring_v prickelwel-church_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o essex-side_n below_o lee_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o a_o thicket_n of_o high_a tree_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o eastward_n of_o that_o church_n or_o the_o spire-steeple_n on_o the_o island_n of_o sheppy_n call_v minster-church_n right_a over_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o red_a cliff_n on_o the_o island_n and_o with_o any_o one_o of_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v bear_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o nower_n in_o three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o when_o you_o come_v into_o four_o or_o fix_v fathom_n you_o must_v steer_v right_a in_o with_o sheerness_n but_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v clear_a weather_n mark_n mark_n there_o be_v direct_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o in_o or_o lead_v you_o out_o which_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o grean_n which_o be_v on_o the_o starboard-side_n of_o the_o river_n above_o sheerness_n one_o open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o other_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v gillingham-church_n which_o show_v white_a right_a under_o the_o point_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o country_n that_o make_v it_o like_o a_o gurnet_n nose_n like_o portland_n any_o of_o these_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o right_o in_o but_o a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o nower_n there_o be_v a_o middleground_n in_o these_o mark_n on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o fifteen_o foot_n water_n to_o avoid_v which_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a then_o keep_v alongst_o the_o nower_n until_o you_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o beacon_n and_o then_o bear_v over_o into_o the_o aforesaid_a mark_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a and_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o eastward_n at_o low-water_n and_o will_v go_v in_o then_o borrow_v off_o and_o on_o upon_o the_o cant_n in_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n and_o continual_o keep_v your_o lead_n if_o it_o be_v thick_a weather_n that_o you_o can_v see_v your_o lead_a mark_n for_o there_o lie_v a_o spit_n from_o the_o cant_n your_o thwart_a mark_n whereof_o be_v charlock_n tree_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o land_n of_o sheppy_n from_o minster_n or_o that_o brow_n of_o the_o hill_n s_o s._n e._n from_o you_o you_o must_v at_o the_o first_o cast_v of_o the_o lead_n that_o you_o find_v it_o shoal_n bear_v round_o off_o until_o you_o deepen_v your_o water_n again_o then_o borrow_v on_o again_o on_o that_o side_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o in_o thick_a weather_n or_o in_o the_o night_n and_o when_o you_o come_v near_a sheerness_n your_o water_n will_v sudden_o deepen_v to_o 10_o or_o 12_o fathom_n this_o be_v call_v sheerness-hole_n sheerness-hole_n sheerness-hole_n and_o be_v aboard_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v anchor_v where_o you_o please_v but_o if_o you_o anchor_n near_o the_o ness_n you_o shall_v have_v no_o less_o than_o 16_o or_o 17_o fathom_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v up_o the_o river_n of_o medway_n to_o shun_v a_o bank_n of_o owze_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n over_o from_o the_o south-west_n point_v of_o the_o river_n that_o go_v into_o quinborough-creek_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direction_n you_o may_v carry_v a_o ship_n out_o of_o medway_n down_o to_o the_o eastward_n or_o into_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n or_o to_o the_o northwards_o direction_n for_o sail_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n over_o the_o flat_n and_o through_o the_o narrow_a into_o the_o down_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o west_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a distant_a about_o five_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v a_o round_a shoal_n call_v the_o spile_v spile_v spile_v and_o bear_v south_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n on_o which_o shoal_n there_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n bear_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a northerly_a and_o west_n half_a southerly_a four_o mile_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v clear_a you_o may_v have_v a_o direct_v long_a mark_n that_o will_v lead_v you_o down_o direct_o between_o the_o oaze-edge_n 〈…〉_o a_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o redsand_n viz._n you_o will_v see_v a_o â—ound_a tree_n on_o the_o island_n grean_n keep_v that_o tree_n in_o the_o valley_n between_o the_o little_a hill_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o highland_n next_o to_o the_o westermost_a end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o this_o mark_n so_o keep_v will_v lead_v you_o down_o the_o eastermost_a part_n of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n redsand_n redsand_n on_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v the_o buoy_z the_o mark_n for_o the_o buoy_n of_o the_o red_a sand_n from_o the_o land_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n of_o sheppy_n s._n w._n and_o st._n nicholas-wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a of_o the_o reculver_n southeast_n the_o channel_n go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o redsand_n the_o depth_n betwixt_o they_o be_v 10_o and_o 11_o fathom_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n to_o the_o buoys_n of_o the_o spell_n and_o woolpack_n the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o s._n e._n by_o south_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a over_o the_o flat_n where_o you_o will_v have_v at_o low-water_n on_o this_o course_n 10_o foot_n and_o in_o some_o hole_n 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n water_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n s.e._n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n gilman_n gilman_n lie_v the_o gilman_n which_o fall_v cry_v at_o spring_n tide_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o aforesaid_a course_n you_o will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n north_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o two_o little_a hill_n like_v to_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o but_o nine_o foot_n deep_a at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_n be_v the_o eastermost_a buoy_z that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o steeple_n of_o the_o reculver_n bear_v from_o the_o say_v buoy_z south_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o a_o windmill_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o channel_n of_o reculvers-church_n the_o course_n upward_o from_o this_o buoy_z through_o the_o narrow_a be_v w.n.w._n and_o downward_o it_o be_v e._n s._n e._n the_o long_a mark_n on_o the_o shore_n be_v to_o bring_v brinchington_n church_n right_a over_o a_o gaul_n or_o black_a hole_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o cliff_n end_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o shoot_v out_o a_o shoal_n from_o margaret-sand_n s._n e._n call_v the_o hook_n it_o run_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southwards_o that_o it_o make_v the_o channel_n very_o narrow_a the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n into_o a_o great_a dauk_fw-mi or_o valley_n of_o a_o cliff_n than_o the_o steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n five_o degree_n foutherly_a the_o long_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o hook_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n steeple_n over_o the_o east_n side_n or_o cliff_n of_o westgate-bay_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o so_o till_o you_o bring_v birchington_n steeple_n over_o the_o gaul_n when_o you_o take_v hold_v of_o that_o mark_n to_o go_v through_o a_o little_a above_o the_o hook_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o reculver_n lie_v off_o a_o shoal_n call_v the_o horse_n horse_n horse_n on_o which_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v st._n peter_n steeple_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o westgate-bay_n a_o little_a upon_o the_o cliff_n which_o mark_v you_o may_v use_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o between_o the_o hook_n of_o margaret-sand_n and_o
the_o redsand_n there_o be_v no_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n only_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n be_v four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n so_o near_o the_o ship_n may_v go_v the_o time_n of_o tide_n consider_v but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cant_n begin_v deep_a water_n close_o to_o it_o down_o to_o the_o spile_v as_o 11_o 12_o spile_v spile_v or_o 13_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v bradgate-hole_n shooberry-ness_n shooberry-ness_n be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a flat_a that_o begin_v below_o lee-town_n and_o run_v down_o the_o river_n northerly_a to_o the_o north-east_n of_o whitaker_n this_o ness_n lie_v right_o off_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o eight_o fathom_n shooberry-ness_a thwart_v mark_n of_o shooberry-ness_a the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v two_o high_a tree_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o west_n of_o shooberry-steeple_n which_o be_v a_o spire_n steeple_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o shooberry-flat_a mark_n long_a mark_n keep_v the_o high_a land_n of_o lee_n open_a of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o it_o and_o that_o will_v go_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n black-tayl_n this_o be_v a_o part_n or_o the_o foresay_a great_a flat_a and_o lie_v below_o shooberry-ness_a e._n n._n e._n about_o four_o mile_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o have_v six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_v above_o and_o below_o it_o but_o you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o eight_o fathom_n the_o warp_n the_o warp_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o fair-way_n come_v out_o of_o the_o swim_v up_o the_o river_n begin_v near_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o oaze-edge_n and_o tayl_v up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o middle_a ground_n of_o lee_n upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n there_o be_v eight_o and_o ten_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n the_o shoe_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a be_v very_o steep_a too_o the_o course_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n be_v north-east_n half_a easterly_a about_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n you_o must_v not_o come_v near_o the_o beacon_n than_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o you_o may_v stand_v over_o towards_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n and_o no_o near_o from_o this_o beacon_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v south-west_n by_o south_n distant_a about_o four_o mile_n between_o this_o beacon_n and_o the_o whitaker_n you_o may_v come_v in_o six_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n near_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n the_o shooe-beacon_n and_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n do_v bear_v north_n and_o south_n near_a one_o of_o the_o other_o betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o mile_n middleground_n and_o buoy_z this_o sand_n lie_v between_o buxey-sand_n and_o the_o east-barrows_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v near_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n upon_o the_o south-west_n end_n be_v place_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v from_o the_o shooe-beacon_n north-east_n by_o north_n two_o degree_n easterly_a about_o five_o mile_n you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o shoe_n be_v below_o it_o by_o your_o lead_n towards_o the_o whitaker_n in_o fix_v six_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o seven_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o barrow_n side_n in_o eight_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z at_o low-water_n lie_v in_o eighteen_o foot_n and_o on_o this_o sand_n at_o low_a water_n be_v 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o foot_n water_n the_o middle-middle-ground_n this_o be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w._n n._n w._n half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n and_o extend_v itself_o a_o little_a below_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n on_o this_o sand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o must_v keep_v within_o two_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o shoal_n there_o be_v five_o or_o six_o fathom_n water_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n the_o whitaker_n and_o beacon_n the_o whitaker_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a great_a flat_a and_o be_v the_o north-east_n point_v thereof_o on_o which_o stand_v a_o beacon_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n of_o the_o foresay_a flat_a a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o beacon_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o than_o seven_o fathom_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o s._n w._n end_n of_o the_o buxey_n go_v in_o a_o small_a channel_n up_o towards_o foul-ness_a call_v north-fletch_a north-fletch_a north-fletch_a useful_a only_o for_o small_a vessel_n from_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o middleground_n in_o eight_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n there_o be_v seven_o fathom_n and_o on_o this_o tail_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o buxey_n and_o buoy_z the_o buxey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o whitaker_n and_o stretch_v itself_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n at_o the_o north_n end_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z betwixt_o this_o buoy_z and_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v the_o spit_v where_o there_o be_v but_o six_o and_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a spit_n mark_n for_o the_o spit_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n call_v great_a holland_n bring_v it_o into_o a_o small_a swamp_n or_o gaul_n in_o a_o red_a cliff_n then_o do_v the_o church_n bear_v north_n half_a westerly_a then_o steer_v in_o northwest_n till_o your_o water_n deepen_v then_o bear_v down_o towards_o the_o naze_n according_a to_o your_o wind_n the_o near_a the_o gunfleet_n the_o deep_a the_o water_n be_v as_o you_o sail_n you_o shall_v have_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o gunfleet_n and_o buoy_z the_o gunfleet_n be_v a_o long_a sand_n by_o judgement_n eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n and_o have_v in_o it_o some_o small_a swatche_n the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o and_o the_o north-east_n end_n be_v flat_a and_o good_a shoal_v but_o on_o either_o side_n steep_a in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o more_o than_o other_o you_o may_v sail_v alongst_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_v downward_o in_o seven_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o a_o large_a mile_n of_o the_o buoy_z come_v no_o near_o than_o nine_o fathom_n here_o lie_v a_o hook_n e._n s._n e._n off_o from_o the_o sand_n a_o long_a cable_n length_n hook_n a_o hook_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o which_o go_v a_o small_a swatch_n quite_o through_o the_o sand_n to_o the_o northwest_n which_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o set_v in_o there_o so_o that_o when_o vessel_n pass_v near_o it_o if_o not_o careful_a in_o time_n it_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o swatch_n or_o upon_o the_o hook_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o this_o part_n of_o the_o sand_n than_o ten_o fathom_n from_o this_o hook_n to_o the_o north-east_n end_n this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o but_o at_o the_o end_n flat_a as_o aforesaid_a this_o sand_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v in_o some_o part_n half_o a_o mile_n and_o other_o part_n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n broad_a and_o if_o you_o stand_v from_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o heap_n come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v eight_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n lie_v from_o the_o naze_n southeast_n by_o east_n four_o mile_n the_o heap_n the_o heap_n be_v several_a bank_n of_o sand_n as_o it_o be_v hurdle_n by_o some_o call_v the_o hurdle_n join_v to_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o middleground_n e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v but_o seven_o foot_n and_o very_o steep_a too_o and_o run_v down_o about_o three_o mile_n the_o north-east_n end_v thereof_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n half_a casterly_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v four_o mile_n broad_a in_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n some_o of_o these_o heap_n do_v dry_a on_o spring_n
tide_n these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o andrews_n the_o andrews_n be_v a_o narrow_a point_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v out_o from_o landguard_n point_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n and_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o this_o spit_n lie_v several_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o also_o dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o when_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n in_o one_o sail_v so_o it_o direct_v you_o free_a of_o they_o and_o as_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o south_n of_o bawdsey_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n oazely-bay_n oazely-bay_n and_o may_v sail_v towards_o oazely-bay_n the_o altar_n the_o altar_n be_v a_o small_a ridge_n that_o lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s.s.e._n right_a against_o landguard-fort_n the_o channel_n here_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o more_o than_o a_o cable_n length_n broad_a on_o the_o fort_n side_n be_v five_o fathom_n on_o the_o altar_n be_v six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n a_o cable_n length_n within_o the_o fort_n be_v a_o cross_n ridge_n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n ridge_n a_o cross_n ridge_n be_v but_o fifteen_o foot_n it_o lie_v quite_o cross_a the_o channel_n than_o you_o must_v sail_v along_o the_o beach_n on_o the_o fort-side_n to_o avoid_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v the_o guard_n guard_n guard_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o harwich-town_n till_o you_o bring_v open_a manning-tree_n and_o a_o high_a tree_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o hill_n point_n next_o above_o harwich-town_n in_o manning-tree-water_n then_o may_v you_o anchor_v where_o you_o please_v in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n shotley-point_n shotley-point_n take_v care_n of_o a_o long_a spit_n of_o sand_n that_o run_v out_o from_o shotley-point_n cross_n to_o ipswich-water_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n the_o ridge_n the_o ridge_n be_v a_o small_a bank_n of_o great_a stone_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o you_o as_o you_o sail_n in_o by_o the_o andrews_n on_o which_o be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n at_o harwich_n in_o one_o and_o if_o you_o shut_v harwich_n mill_n in_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n you_o run_v right_a on_o it_o if_o open_a than_o you_o may_v go_v clear_a it_o lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o be_v but_o narrow_a and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n note_a in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n the_o rowling-ground_n the_o rowling-ground_n be_v the_o road_n where_o common_o ship_n ride_v be_v without_o the_o altar_n and_o within_o the_o ridge_n and_o thwart_v the_o andrews_n where_o be_v at_o low-water_n four_o or_o five_o fathom_n rowling-ground_n mark_n of_o the_o rowling-ground_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o windmill_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich-cliff_n and_o the_o beacon_n on_o bawdsey-cliff_n over_o the_o north-east_n point_v of_o the_o beach_n that_o run_v from_o landguard-fort_n to_o the_o northwards_o the_o platter_n the_o platter_n be_v several_a heap_n and_o bank_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v between_o landguard-fort_n and_o woodbridge-haven_n woodbridge-haven_n woodbridge-haven_n they_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o shore_n to_o avoid_v they_o come_v no_o near_o than_o four_o fathom_n to_o the_o northwards_o near_o woodbridge-haven_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n lie_v a_o small_a shoal_n where_o be_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o fathom_n off_o the_o shore_n thereabouts_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n westrock_n the_o westrock_n be_v a_o great_a many_o heap_n and_o bank_n join_v together_o have_v several_a small_a swatche_n among_o they_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o several_a quality_n partly_o sand_n and_o partly_o stone_n both_o great_a and_o small_a in_o several_a place_n it_o dry_v and_o in_o most_o other_o part_n of_o it_o but_o two_o three_o four_o five_o foot_n at_o low_a water_n the_o ground_n uneven_a and_o be_v of_o great_a extent_n n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n about_o 3_o mile_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n near_o 5_o mile_n there_o be_v several_a shoal_n that_o lie_v within_o it_o on_o the_o n._n w._n side_n that_o be_v account_v part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o cork-sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o it_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o 7_o foot_n water_n that_o part_v they_o the_o s._n w._n part_n of_o this_o shoal_n lie_v a_o mile_n &_o half_a from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n north_n by_o east_n and_o n._n n._n e._n you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o to_o it_o then_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n when_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a and_o against_o the_o body_n of_o it_o than_o harwich-church_n will_v be_v a_o little_a near_o to_o landguard-fort_n than_o to_o harwich-cliff_n westrock_n mark_n of_o the_o westrock_n the_o cork_n the_o cork_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o westrock_n and_o do_v almost_o join_v to_o they_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o seven_o foot_n water_n betwixt_o they_o it_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o landguard-fort_n and_o southeast_n by_o east_n from_o the_o out-part_n of_o the_o andrews_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o in_o and_o out_o be_v to_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o a_o black_a brewhouse_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v in_o the_o go_v out_o of_o harwich_n the_o cutler_n the_o cutler_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o north-east_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n a_o small_a mile_n on_o which_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n lie_v bad_o if_o man_n be_v not_o careful_a of_o it_o because_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n or_o ebb_n set_v so_o right_a upon_o it_o that_o if_o a_o ship_n come_v aground_o it_o be_v bad_a get_v off_o the_o tide_n bind_v so_o direct_o on_o it_o you_o may_v come_v in_o four_o fathom_n of_o it_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n it_o be_v almost_o round_o and_o very_o hard_a ground_n mark_n long_a mark_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o keep_v clear_a of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v harwich-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n open_a of_o felsteed_n cliff_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o it_o be_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o a_o thick_a wood_n by_o the_o water_n side_n then_o the_o steeple_n bear_v off_o you_o northwest_o five_o degree_n west_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n the_o middleground_n the_o middleground_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o orford-haven_n and_o orfordness_a half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v eighteen_o foot_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n and_o lie_v one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o way_n off_o to_o the_o whitingsand_n it_o be_v about_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v along_o as_o the_o shore_n lie_v between_o this_o and_o the_o whiting_n be_v six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n the_o onion_n the_o onion_n be_v a_o round_a knowl_n that_o lie_v a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o orfordness_a just_a within_o the_o stream_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o it_o at_o low-water_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o foot_n mark_v there_o be_v none_o but_o to_o observe_v the_o tide_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n the_o sledway_n the_o sledway_n be_v a_o channel_n through_o which_o all_o ship_n pass_v that_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n at_o orfordness_n and_o go_v up_o or_o down_o the_o swim_v the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n in_o two_o or_o three_o tree_n and_o then_o the_o church_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o n._n n._n w._n and_o so_o you_o must_v keep_v those_o mark_n together_o and_o sail_v out_o s._n s._n e._n in_o the_o very_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n which_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o south-end_n of_o the_o sand_n of_o orford-town_n and_o of_o the_o cork_n and_o westrock_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o they_o and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n than_o it_o will_v bear_v from_o you_o north_n by_o west_n and_o bring_v you_o very_o near_o the_o westrock_n and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n northwest_o from_o
you_o it_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o shipwash_n when_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n from_o bawdsey_n it_o bear_v n._n n._n w._n from_o you_o the_o depth_n be_v 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o fathom_n then_o star_n south-west_n by_o west_n and_o w._n s._n w._n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n to_o direct_v you_o up_o the_o swim_v and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o and_o eleven_o then_o hale_v south_n up_o towards_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n this_o sledway_n be_v very_o uneven_a ground_n you_o shall_v have_v 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o throw_v 4_o and_o 5_o fathom_n the_o whiting_n the_o whiting_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v against_o orford-town_n and_o lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n on_o which_o be_v but_o five_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o be_v in_o length_n three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n three_o cable_n length_n the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o bear_v from_o the_o light-house_n on_o orfordness_a s._n s._n w._n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o orford-church_n n._n n._n w._n a_o large_a mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o south_n end_n be_v the_o broad_a when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o south_n end_n in_o four_o fathom_n whiting_n mark_n of_o the_o whiting_n the_o mark_n be_v alterton-steeple_n west_n eight_o degree_n northerly_a and_o bawdsey-steeple_n west_n by_o south_n three_o degree_n southerly_a this_o end_n of_o the_o sand_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n two_o mile_n and_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n southeast_n from_o this_o end_n of_o the_o sand_n there_o be_v but_o five_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n not_o know_v whether_o this_o be_v that_o which_o some_o collier_n report_n that_o lie_v about_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o kettle-bottom_a be_v a_o round_a knowl_n on_o which_o some_o of_o they_o say_v they_o have_v see_v a_o ship_n aground_o but_o can_v not_o tell_v we_o where_o it_o be_v neither_o can_v we_o find_v any_o other_o the_o whiting_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n bawdsey-sand_n this_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v without_o the_o whiting_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n three_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v at_o low-tyde_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o be_v bawdsey-steeple_n northwest_n six_o degree_n then_o the_o church_n stand_v open_a to_o the_o south_n of_o a_o little_a tuft_n of_o tree_n this_o end_n lie_v from_o the_o there_o four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o be_v very_o steep_a have_v eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o and_o a_o very_a strong_a tide_n run_v by_o it_o bawdsey-sand_n mark_n for_o bawdsey-sand_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v orford-castle_n north_n by_o west_n six_o degree_n westerly_a the_o light-house_n north_n six_o degree_n easterly_a five_o mile_n off_o this_o end_n be_v more_o slat_n and_o broad_a than_o the_o south-end_n this_o end_n and_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n do_v bear_v northwest_n by_o west_n and_o southeast_n by_o east_n two_o mile_n asunder_o the_o depth_n betwixt_o they_o be_v 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o fathom_n the_o most_o and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n 8_o 9_o 10_o fathom_n and_o 7_o and_o 8_o at_o the_o west_n and_o from_o alterton-church_n it_o lie_v west_n by_o north_n half_a northerly_a and_o from_o bawdsey-church_n west_n half_a southerly_a then_o will_v bawdsey-church_n be_v on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o a_o short_a wood._n the_o shipwash_n the_o shipwash_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v without_o bawdsey-sand_n and_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v it_o have_v out_o of_o doubt_n wash_v many_o a_o ship_n quite_o away_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a sand_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o length_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o tide_n that_o run_v by_o it_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o that_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o the_o devour_a nature_n thereof_o swallow_v up_o any_o ship_n that_o be_v lose_v on_o it_o quite_o out_o of_o sight_n in_o few_o day_n it_o lie_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n and_o be_v in_o length_n nine_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n but_o at_o the_o south_n end_v it_o be_v half_a a_o mile_n broad_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o hook_n that_o run_v off_o the_o northwest_n side_n as_o in_o the_o draught_n be_v describe_v sand._n mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o sand._n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v orford-church_n northwest_n six_o mile_n off_o and_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o light-house_n or_o orfordness_a southeast_n by_o south_n end_n mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n be_v bawdsey-steeple_n northwest_o five_o degree_n west_n eight_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a off_o from_o the_o shore_n the_o southeast_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o but_o the_o northwest_n side_n be_v not_o so_o steep_a for_o you_o may_v sail_v along_o that_o side_n in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n take_v care_n of_o the_o hook_n the_o south_n end_n be_v more_o flat_a than_o the_o north_n end_n the_o depth_n between_o this_o and_o bawdsey-sand_n be_v 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o fathom_n two_o mile_n without_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o east_n be_v 15_o and_o 16_o fathom_n alborough-knapes_a alborough-knapes_a be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o orfordness_a the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v orford-church_n and_o castle_n one_o in_o another_o alborough-church_n west_n bring_v you_o just_a upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n upon_o it_o at_o low-tyde_n if_o you_o come_v within_o the_o knapes_n you_o will_v have_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o fathom_n water_n and_o if_o you_o go_v without_o it_o you_o will_v have_v sixteen_o fathom_n which_o be_v sure_a note_n to_o know_v whether_o you_o be_v without_o or_o within_o the_o sand._n bernard_n the_o bernard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o eastness_a it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n end_n lie_v east_n from_o covehithe-church_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o northward_a to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v leystaff_n windmill_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o town_n of_o laystaff_n the_o sea-horse_n or_o newcomb_n the_o sea-horse_n be_v a_o sand_n or_o bank_n which_o lie_v thwart_v the_o steeple_n of_o covehithe_n which_o be_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n which_o fall_v almost_o dry_a at_o low-water_n but_o at_o half-flood_n you_o may_v sail_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o it_o in_o 2_o fathom_n upon_o the_o outer-side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a so_o that_o you_o can_v come_v near_a it_o than_o in_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehithe_n be_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o it_o and_o when_o the_o steeple_n be_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o two_o league_n st._n matthews-sand_n off_o from_o pakesfield_n almost_o three_o mile_n lie_v st._n matthews_n sand_n be_v in_o length_n one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n about_o three_o cable_n length_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north_n and_o south_n the_o south_n end_n bear_v from_o eastness_a north-east_n by_o north_n five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o north_n end_n lie_v from_o leystaff_n east_n by_o south_n three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o holmes_n of_o yarmouth_n off_o from_o leystaff_n begin_v the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n which_o be_v several_a bank_n and_o sand_n have_v many_o channel_n go_v between_o they_o and_o you_o may_v sail_v through_o upon_o divers_a mark_n if_o you_o be_v acquaint_v and_o also_o within_o these_o bank_n from_o leystaff_n until_o you_o come_v past_a winterton_n for_o they_o reach_v thwart_v of_o it_o must_v of_o the_o bank_n have_v particular_a appellation_n as_o corten-sand_n leystaff_n knock_n new-warp_a cockle_n hombsby_n hurd_n the_o knock_n middleground_n thredle-dore_n st._n nicholas-sand_n scrobe_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o you_o sail_v alongst_o by_o the_o land_n you_o must_v keep_v the_o sounding_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n some_o of_o they_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o outside_n where_o you_o may_v have_v 12_o and_o 13_o fathom_n but_o off_o thredle-door_n
st._n nicholas-sand_n and_o scrobe_fw-la you_o have_v but_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n off_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o knock-beacon_n one_o in_o the_o other_o also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n serve_v you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o fathom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o newcomb_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o in_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom_n as_o you_o please_v come_v from_o the_o northwards_o you_o must_v go_v no_o near_o the_o cockle_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n scroby_n e._n n._n e._n from_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o scroby_n lie_v north_n and_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n almost_o two_o mile_n this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v on_o the_o outside_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o new-warp_a the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o knowl_n and_o the_o north_n end_v almost_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o knock._n new-warp_a southeast_n by_o east_n five_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wintertonness_a lie_v a_o sand_n call_v new-warp_a be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n east_n and_o west_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n without_o it_o you_o will_v have_v ten_o and_o twelve_o 〈◊〉_d between_o it_o and_o the_o hâ—lms_n five_o and_o six_o fathom_n but_o near_o the_o holms_n ten_o fathom_n the_o overfall_n east_n from_o yarmouth_n about_o nine_o mile_n lie_v the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o overfall_n extend_v itself_o to_o the_o northwards_o more_o than_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o breadth_n not_o considerable_a this_o bank_n be_v dangerous_a because_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o you_o will_v have_v 5_o fathom_n and_o even_a ground_n but_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 24_o fathom_n bounse_n the_o bounse_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v north-east_n a_o little_a northerly_a from_o wintertonness_a about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a be_v round_a sand_n whereon_o there_o be_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n within_o it_o you_o have_v 16_o and_o 17_o fathom_n but_o without_o it_o 8_o 12_o and_o 16_o fathom_n it_o bear_v from_o new-warp_a north_n by_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a about_o a_o mile_n haseborrough-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o haseborrough_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o southeast_n end_n lie_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n and_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a nine_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_v water_n but_o on_o it_o three_o and_o four_o fathom_n the_o owery_a the_o owery_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o bear_v from_o wintertonness_a north-east_n almost_o seven_o league_n distant_a it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n about_o four_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a it_o lie_v from_o the_o limber_a east_n by_o north_n distant_a 3_o league_n and_o a_o half_a between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v 17_o 18_o and_o 19_o fathom_n the_o limber_a the_o limber_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o bear_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n by_o east_n half_a easterly_a and_o from_o haseborrough_n e._n n._n e._n distant_a from_o either_o of_o they_o about_o four_o league_n and_o from_o new-warp_a north_n two_o league_n between_o which_o you_o will_v have_v seventeen_o and_o eighteen_o fathom_v water_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a on_o the_o south_n end_v there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o northwest_n end_v six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n blackney-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v before_o blackney_n be_v distant_a about_o five_o mile_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n you_o will_v have_v four_o fathom_v water_n and_o without_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n pole_n and_o piper_n the_o pole_n and_o piper_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v between_o blackney_n and_o 〈…〉_o to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d the_o beacon_n that_o you_o sail_n by_o 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o piâ—â—â—_n at_o the_o west_n end_n whereof_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d burnham_n flat_n between_o wâ—lls_n and_o burnham_n there_o lie_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v burnham-flat_n a_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o there_o which_o at_o low-water_n lie_v dry_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o high-water_n you_o may_v well_o go_v over_o it_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o north_n side_n go_v up_o flat_a and_o plain_a or_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o 〈◊〉_d shoal_a you_o shall_v get_v sudden_o deep_a water_n and_o good_a sandy_a ground_n within_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o easterly_a wind_n the_o sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n which_o be_v nigh_o the_o south_n end_n of_o burnham-flat_n and_o lie_v to_o the_o norward_a of_o chappel-land_n and_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o it_o on_o both_o side_n dousing_n the_o dousing_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o burnham-flat_n it_o bear_v from_o wells_n north_n half_a westerly_a 21_o mile_n the_o south_n side_n be_v steep_a too_o where_o you_o will_v have_v nineteen_o fathom_n not_o far_o from_o it_o and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n inner-dousings_a this_o sand_n lie_v from_o st._n edmond_n northwest_o by_o north_n thirteen_o mile_n and_o from_o skegness_n n._n n._n e._n ten_o mile_n dogshead_n dogshead_n be_v a_o small_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o wilgriph_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n boston-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o it_o flow_v thereabouts_o five_o fathom_n up_o and_o down_o when_o legerness_n bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o then_o go_v on_o south-west_n through_o between_o the_o knock_n and_o a_o shoal_n which_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o westward_a of_o legerness_n until_o you_o can_v get_v again_o the_o depth_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n longsand_n the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v against_o legerness_n distant_a about_o three_o mile_n be_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o boston-knock_a and_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o point_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o legerness_n then_o go_v on_o south-west_n and_o you_o may_v run_v right_a into_o the_o deep_a between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longsand_n you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o knock_v you_o will_v have_v eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a within_o the_o humber_n rose_n the_o rose_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v before_o salt-fleet_n be_v a_o round_a sand_n and_o be_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riff_o the_o riff_o be_v a_o shoal_n which_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n between_o sandhall_n and_o clay-ness_a and_o stretch_v itself_o n._n e._n by_o east_n almost_o six_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o point_n whereof_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n southeast_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n bull._n the_o bull_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n southeast_n half_a southerly_a three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o buoy_z lie_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o say_v buoy_z be_v a_o house_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n of_o clay-ness_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o grimsbey-road_n and_o anchor_v a_o little_a below_o the_o beacon_n stone_n banks_n these_o be_v several_a small_a bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n if_o from_o the_o point_n of_o kelsey_n you_o steer_v south_n by_o east_n until_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sporn_n be_v west_n half_a northerly_a then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o borcom_n borcom_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o stanningborrough_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north_n side_n hereof_o
of_o the_o cliff_n for_o the_o south_n end_n bring_v the_o mill_n near_o ramsgate_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n depth_n in_o this_o channel_n at_o low-water_n be_v two_o and_o a_o half_a three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n the_o near_a the_o break_v the_o deep_a this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o the_o brake_n the_o brake_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o goodwin_n between_o this_o and_o the_o goodwin_n be_v the_o channel_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o pass_v the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o narrow_a and_o most_o steep_a too_o and_o dry_v most_o at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n laurence_n steeple_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n this_o sand_n lie_v n.n.e._n and_o s.s.w._n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v ash_n steeple_n open_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o south_n of_o sandwich_n steeple_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o south_n end_n or_o else_o the_o windmill_n on_o the_o cliff_n at_o the_o southeast_n end_n of_o the_o town_n of_o ramsgate_n the_o depth_n in_o this_o channel_n be_v 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o and_z 12_o fathom_n the_o mark_n to_o lead_v through_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o south-foreland_n point_n or_o else_o margot_n church_n on_o the_o three_o cliff_n from_o the_o foreland_n northward_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o bunt-head_n the_o goodwin_n be_v not_o so_o steep_a too_o but_o you_o may_v come_v there_o in_o eight_o fathom_n and_o to_o the_o brake_n in_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o tide_n this_o sand_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n long_o and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o goodwin_n the_o goodwin_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o down_n and_o be_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o some_o part_n four_o mile_n and_o in_o some_o five_o the_o southern_a half_n lie_v s.s.w._n and_o n.n.e._n round_v towards_o the_o south-foreland_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o it_o lie_v north_n &_o south_n round_v to_o the_o east_n side_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n steep_v too_o at_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v indifferent_a good_a shoal_v the_o sand_n by_o storm_n and_o strong_a tide_n alter_v every_o year_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o dry_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o most_o to_o the_o north_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-sand-head_n north-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o north-sand-head_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n steeple_n on_o broad-stairs-peer_n this_o mark_n will_v direct_v you_o by_o it_o in_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o tide_n and_o in_o the_o night_n the_o light_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n northwest_o south-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n half_a west_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n be_v the_o steeple_n of_o ring-joul_a on_o the_o village_n call_v kings-down_a or_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o south-foreland_n together_o from_o this_o sand_n spit_v out_o against_o the_o brake_n bunthead_n bunthead_n a_o sand_n call_v the_o bunt-head_n which_o be_v very_o steep_a too_o have_v eleven_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o the_o north_n end_n lie_v off_o broad-stair_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o the_o south_n end_n about_o three_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n do_v keep_v folkston_n land_n open_a of_o dover_n land_n it_o will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o south-sand-head_n the_o fall_v the_o fall_n be_v a_o long_a narrow_a sand_n that_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n from_o the_o galloper_n about_o twelve_o mile_n it_o be_v fitteen_fw-mi mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n and_o north_n by_o east_n the_o south_n end_n lie_v about_o seven_o mile_n without_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o south-foreland_n e._n n._n e._n about_o thirteen_o mile_n the_o north_n end_n bear_v from_o st._n peter_n church_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n e._n n._n e._n about_o sixteen_o mile_n the_o south_n end_n be_v shoal_a where_o there_o be_v but_o 20_o and_o 21_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o end_n have_v a_o broad_a round_a flat_a head_n like_o the_o galloper_n where_o the_o tide_n do_v ripple_n and_o whelm_v very_o much_o close_o to_o it_o there_o be_v twenty_o fathom_n some_o say_v they_o have_v be_v on_o it_o in_o fifteen_o foot_n water_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o it_o four_z four_o and_o a_o half_a five_z and_o five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a whether_o it_o alter_v or_o not_o we_o can_v learn_v of_o any_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a gravel_n and_o the_o sounding_n about_o it_o be_v very_o uneven_a a_o mile_n within_o and_o without_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v 27_o fathom_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n the_o sounding_n we_o have_v from_o the_o north-foreland_n be_v 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o 19_o 22_o 24_o 27_o 28._o 24_o 23_o 22_o 20_o 11_o 6_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v as_o about_o the_o south_n end_n 15_o 19_o 20_o 25_o 28_o fathom_n within_o and_o without_o it_o the_o galloper_n the_o galloper_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v near_o southeast_n by_o south_n from_o the_o gabard_n about_o ten_o mile_n and_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a length_n of_o it_o with_o the_o strength_n and_o crossness_n of_o the_o tide_n that_o set_v over_o it_o be_v very_o steep_a on_o both_o side_n all_o which_o in_o foul_a weather_n make_v such_o a_o great_a short_a sea_n that_o if_o any_o ship_n come_v near_o it_o it_o make_v she_o and_o the_o people_n in_o she_o to_o gallop_v to_o get_v from_o it_o of_o all_o the_o sand_n none_o be_v like_a to_o this_o for_o narrowness_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o be_v it_o consist_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o small_a shingle_a or_o stone_n and_o the_o tide_n set_v so_o strong_a and_o cross_a over_o it_o together_o with_o the_o sea_n that_o must_v fall_v upon_o it_o in_o foul_a weather_n be_v so_o great_a with_o the_o steepness_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o narrowness_n atop_o that_o it_o be_v not_o disperse_v and_o carry_v away_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o shoal_n some_o depth_n under_o the_o shingle_a be_v a_o rock_n the_o top_n whereof_o hold_v in_o the_o shingle_a and_o it_o be_v also_o very_a like_o that_o it_o do_v alter_v every_o winter_n in_o stormy_a weather_n it_o lie_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o length_n it_o be_v eight_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n but_o at_o the_o south_n end_v it_o have_v a_o broad_a head_n and_o flat_a at_o top_n half_o a_o mile_n broad_a but_o steep_a too_o round_o about_o it_o close_o to_o the_o south_n end_n be_v a_o hole_n where_o we_o see_v the_o tide_n make_v a_o very_a great_a whelming_a and_o riple_v we_o think_v that_o the_o least_o water_n have_v be_v there_o but_o when_o we_o have_v have_v the_o lead_n within_o it_o we_o have_v twenty_o fathom_n the_o next_o cast_v without_o it_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o bear_v from_o orford_n church_n southeast_n seven_o degree_n east_n 24_o mile_n off_o the_o south_n end_n bear_v from_o the_o north-foreland_n north-east_n five_o degree_n north_n 27_o mile_n within_o the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o hole_n s.w._n and_o n._n e._n three_o mile_n in_o length_n where_o we_o have_v twenty_o fathom_n water_n other_o depth_n that_o we_o have_v betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o shipwash_n be_v 14_o 16_o 17_o 18_o and_o 20_o fathom_n and_o such_o like_a on_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n two_o mile_n off_o we_o have_v from_o the_o sand_n off-ward_n 15_o 17_o 18_o 20_o 24_o and_o 26_o fathom_n the_o tide_n set_v over_o it_o north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n four_o league_n a_o watch_n and_o it_o flow_v south_n &_o north_n and_o have_v but_o 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o close_o to_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o sand_n you_o will_v have_v 14_o fathom_n and_o at_o the_o inner_a side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n the_o gabard_n the_o gabard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v near_o east_n from_o the_o shipwash_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n and_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n be_v in_o length_n three_o mile_n and_o a_o cable_n length_n broad_a on_o which_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n and_o have_v good_a
shoaling_n on_o both_o side_n it_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n five_o league_n from_o orford_n church_n and_o castle_n gabard_n bearing_n of_o the_o gabard_n the_o depth_n between_o this_o sand_n and_o orford-ness_n be_v near_o 18_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_n only_o a_o mile_n w.n.w._n from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o we_o have_v two_o cast_v off_o 27_o fathom_n the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o by_o judgement_n lie_v from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n southeast_n by_o south_n and_o northwest_n by_o north._n the_o depth_n betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n be_v 14_o 15_o 16_o 17_o and_o 18_o fathom_n kentish-knock_a the_o kentish-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n the_o body_n whereof_o lie_v five_o mile_n south_n from_o the_o long-sand-head_n and_o be_v three_o mile_n in_o length_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o in_o breadth_n two_o mile_n northwest_n and_o southeast_n this_o sand_n have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o oval_a and_o have_v a_o ridge_n in_o the_o middle_n from_o northwest_n to_o southeast_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o the_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n of_o this_o ridge_n there_o be_v 18_o 10_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n as_o you_o be_v near_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v steep_a too_o round_o about_o between_o this_o and_o the_o longsand_n be_v a_o channel_n near_o two_o mile_n broad_a where_o there_o be_v twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_n from_o the_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n end_v of_o this_o shoal_n run_v a_o ridge_n more_o than_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n on_o which_o there_o be_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n and_o off_o either_o side_n more_o water_n south_n by_o east_n from_o the_o long-sand-head_n you_o will_v go_v to_o the_o eastward_n of_o this_o shoal_n to_o the_o e._n s._n e._n of_o this_o you_o will_v quick_o come_v in_o 15_o 17_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_v water_n kentish-knock_a bearing_n of_o the_o kentish-knock_a the_o body_n of_o this_o knock_n lie_v from_o st._n peter_n church_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n n._n n._n e._n three_o degree_n east_n fifteen_o mile_n the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o long-sand-head_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n longsand_n a_o note_n to_o know_v the_o knock_n from_o the_o longsand_n to_o know_v when_o you_o be_v near_o the_o knock_n or_o long-sand-head_n be_v thus_o when_o you_o be_v near_o the_o knock_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o land_n of_o the_o north-foreland_n very_o plain_a but_o when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o long-sand-head_n you_o will_v hardly_o see_v the_o land_n except_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a weather_n or_o unless_o you_o go_v up_o the_o shroud_n at_o the_o knock_v you_o may_v see_v it_o plain_o on_o the_o deck_n pan-sand_n these_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o small_a sand_n of_o divers_a shape_n lie_v at_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o longsand_n which_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o have_v some_o water_n ran_v betwixt_o they_o but_o no_o passage_n for_o ship_n one_o of_o which_o sands_n join_v to_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o girdler_n and_o lie_v up_o from_o it_o w._n s._n w._n in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o make_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black-deeps_a where_o the_o channel_n be_v but_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a and_o 10_o 11_o and_o 12_o fathom_v water_n the_o rest_n of_o these_o pan-sand_n lie_v e.s.e._n from_o this_o four_o mile_n and_o then_o trend_a away_o north-east_n five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a even_o with_o the_o longsand_n and_o to_o it_o these_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o girdler_n the_o girdler_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v south-west_n from_o the_o longsand_n and_o spit_v home_o to_o it_o it_o lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n it_o be_v four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a be_v steep_a too_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n where_o there_o be_v 12_o 15_o 16_o fathom_n water_n from_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o southwestward_a the_o channel_n grow_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o longsand_n the_o longsand_n be_v proper_o so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a length_n contain_v fifteen_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n it_o be_v from_o one_o mile_n to_o two_o and_o lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o have_v in_o most_o place_n ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o but_o at_o the_o north-east_n end_n which_o be_v call_v long-sand-head_n be_v good_a shoal_v lie_v off_o a_o mile_n n.e._n but_o in_o nine_o fathom_n the_o southeast_n side_n not_o so_o deep_a you_o may_v sail_v along_o it_o in_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n much_o of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o three_o quarter_n ebb_v and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o there_o be_v long_o narrow_a swatche_n two_o or_o three_o one_o by_o another_o head_n long_o sand_n head_n which_o run_v upward_o and_o downward_o as_o the_o sand_n lie_v in_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v three_o and_o four_o fathom_n the_o ridge_n between_o be_v dry_a the_o head_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o st._n peter_n church_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n s._n s._n w._n and_o n._n n._n e._n about_o twenty_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o naze_n e._n s._n e._n five_o degree_n south_n 17_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n west_n five_o degree_n south_n longsand_n bearing_n of_o the_o longsand_n about_o eleven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o fall_v it_o bear_v northwest_o by_o north_n about_o sixteen_o mile_n at_o the_o head_n of_o this_o sand_n it_o flow_v north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o flood_n and_o ebb_n set_v on_o several_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o shivering-sand_n the_o shivering-sand_n run_v up_o to_o the_o south-west_n from_o knock-john_n and_o lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n be_v in_o length_n about_o seven_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n run_v away_o sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o round_v on_o the_o northwest_n side_n where_o you_o have_v 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n 10_o and_o 12_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o it_o and_o the_o girdler_n there_o be_v 12_o 13_o 14_o and_o 15_o fathom_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_z the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n be_v three_o mile_n w.s.w._n and_o e.n.e._n and_o from_o the_o northwest_n end_n of_o the_o mouse_n to_o this_o sand_n be_v four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a east_n by_o south_n and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrows_n be_v two_o mile_n and_o one_o three_o n.n.w._n &_o s.s.e._n and_o from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o pan-sand_n be_v half_a a_o mile_n south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n knock-john_n kneck-john_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o sink_v lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n and_o be_v in_o length_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o middle_n grow_v narrow_a towards_o each_o end_n and_o run_v up_o with_o a_o tail_n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o the_o shivering-sand_n where_o there_o be_v a_o small_a swatch_n that_o part_v they_o but_o be_v not_o navigable_a this_o sand_n be_v wind_v and_o sharp_a at_o both_o end_n the_o north-east_n end_n tayl_v on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o the_o sink_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o half-tyde_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o longsand_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o mile_n and_o three-quarters_o broad_a and_o betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o east-barrows_n it_o be_v a_o mile_n broad_a the_o sink_v the_o sink_v be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o longsand_n sink_v bearing_n of_o the_o sink_v who_o north-east_n end_n do_v bear_v one_o from_o the_o other_o e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n about_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n distant_a between_o they_o both_o enter_v the_o channel_n call_v the_o black-deeps_a where_o there_o be_v 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o black-deeps_a black-deeps_a 15_o fathom_n water_n and_o ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o the_o sand_n on_o both_o side_n this_o sand_n lie_v north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n about_o eight_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o west_n end_n run_v a_o little_a on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o
knock-john_n have_v a_o small_a swatch_n that_o run_v through_o betwixt_o they_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o sand_n but_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o ship_n to_o pass_v through_o this_o sand_n dry_v in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v half_a and_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a east-barrows_n the_o east-barrow_n be_v the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a barrows-sand_n and_o lie_v down_o from_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrow_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o four_o mile_n in_o two_o several_a sand_n one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o they_o tayl_v upward_o sand._n beat_n of_o this_o sand._n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrow_n be_v a_o small_a swatch_n pass_v between_o they_o also_o between_o the_o two_o east-barrow_n there_o be_v a_o swatch_n where_o small_a vessel_n that_o be_v acquaint_v do_v pass_v through_o both_o these_o sand_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n and_o be_v in_o length_n about_o four_o mile_n the_o south_n side_n of_o these_o two_o sand_n be_v steep_a the_o northwest_n more_o bold_a yet_o something_o steep_a the_o north-east_n end_n of_o these_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n ten_o mile_n distant_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o heap_n be_v a_o mile_n broad_a in_o which_o you_o have_v 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n water_n and_o in_o one_o place_n a_o cross_n ridge_n lie_v thwart_v the_o channel_n where_o there_o be_v but_o two_o and_o three_o fathom_n west-barrows_n the_o west-barrows_n be_v the_o south-west_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a barrows-sand_n there_o be_v some_o swatche_n two_o three_o part_n down_o to_o the_o north-eastwards_a that_o divide_v this_o sand_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v call_v the_o east_n and_o west-barrows_n that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o west-barrows_n begin_v at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o mouse_n and_o lie_v down_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n it_o fall_v dry_a in_o several_a place_n at_o low-water_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n close_o to_o the_o sand_n but_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n you_o have_v ten_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o this_o sand_n be_v in_o length_n six_o or_o seven_o mile_n and_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o shivering-sand_n you_o have_v in_o the_o middle_n nine_o ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n this_o sand_n dry_v in_o several_a place_n among_o all_o these_o sand_n it_o flow_v south_n by_o east_n the_o mouse_n the_o mouse_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o oaze-edge_n north-east_n about_o a_o mile_n between_o they_o be_v a_o channel_n where_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n water_n and_o lower_v down_o to_o the_o eastward_a there_o be_v nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n a_o draught_n of_o the_o sands_z channel_n buoy_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o southforeland_n to_o orfordness_n discover_v by_o capt_n gilbert_n crane_n and_o capt_n tho_o browne_n elder_n brother_n of_o trinity_n house_n the_o sea_n coast_n suruâ—â—ghed_v by_o jonas_n moor_n esquire_n &_o publish_v by_o the_o special_a licence_n and_o aprobation_n of_o his_o royal_a highness_n the_o duke_z of_o york_z make_v and_o sell_v by_o john_n seller_n hidrographer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n in_o wapping_n london_n this_o sand_n be_v between_o three_o and_o four_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n it_o lie_v in_o length_n e._n n._n f._n and_o w._n s._n w._n and_o join_v to_o the_o west-barrows_n only_o a_o small_a swatch_n run_v betwixt_o they_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v n._n n._n w._n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o shivering-sand_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n upon_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o dover_n and_o silly_n the_o vane_n or_o ripraps_n the_o vane_n or_o ripraps_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v a_o little_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o head_n of_o calais_n and_o dever_n somewhat_o near_o to_o the_o french-coast_n it_o be_v but_o narrow_a but_o in_o length_n it_o be_v four_o league_n lie_v about_o n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o so_o wind_v itself_o southerly_a towards_o the_o land_n of_o bulleyn_n bear_v west_n by_o south_n from_o calice-cliff_n and_o south_n by_o east_n from_o dover_n the_o north-eastermost_a end_n be_v the_o shoal_a not_o have_v more_o than_o nine_o 10_o or_o 11_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o both_o side_n of_o this_o bank_n as_o well_o to_o the_o eastward_n as_o the_o westward_n thereof_o you_o will_v have_v 20_o 22_o 23_o and_o 24_o fathom_v water_n betwixt_o this_o bank_n and_o the_o land_n lie_v also_o two_o or_o three_o shoal_n but_o not_o very_o dangerous_a have_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n easterborrough-head_n south_n of_o arundel_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n easterborrough-head_n easterborrough-head_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v easterborrough-head_n which_o dri_v at_o low-water_n and_o at_o spring-tyde_n about_o a_o furlong_n be_v rock_n and_o shindle_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o southward_a from_o sborum_n run_v s._n s._n w._n into_o the_o sea_n until_o you_o get_v eighteen_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v bold_o w._n s._n w._n and_o that_o course_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n also_o close_o by_o this_o shoal_n you_o will_v have_v fifteen_o fathom_n from_o this_o to_o the_o owers_n it_o be_v almost_o two_o league_n w._n s._n w._n come_v no_o near_o than_o in_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o fathom_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n rock_n a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n between_o easterborrough_n and_o the_o owers_n lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o ledge_n be_v half_a a_o league_n to_o the_o northwest_n from_o easterborrough-head_n the_o owers_n w._n s._n w._n five_o league_n from_o arundel_n owers_n owers_n thirteen_o league_n west_n by_o south_n somewhat_o westerly_a from_o beachy_a about_o four_o league_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o wight_n and_o half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v the_o owers_n be_v always_o under_o water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n be_v when_o chichester_n spire-steeple_n be_v n._n n._n w._n mark_n mark_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v the_o souther_a side_n of_o it_o for_o a_o long_a mark_n set_v the_o point_n of_o dunness_n with_o your_o compass_n it_o will_v bear_v direct_a west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a dunness_n w.s.w._n be_v right_a upon_o they_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n hereof_o if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n be_v sure_a to_o keep_v in_o 18_o fathom_n water_n or_o more_o also_o come_v from_o the_o westward_o you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o than_o east_n by_o north_n keep_v yourself_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a depth_n many_o have_v be_v deceive_v come_v from_o dunness_n which_o steer_v east_n by_o north_n and_o e._n n._n e._n not_o regard_v that_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o tide_n set_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o owers_n unexpected_o if_o you_o be_v acquaint_v with_o they_o you_o may_v sail_v to_o the_o northwards_o between_o they_o and_o the_o land_n the_o black-rock_n from_o st._n hellens-point_n black-rock_n black-rock_n be_v the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n run_v off_o a_o riff_o e._n n._n e._n two_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n call_v the_o black-rock_n when_o calver-cliff_n be_v hide_v behind_o the_o north-east_n point_v of_o the_o island_n then_o be_v you_o within_o this_o riff_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n the_o horse_n within_o the_o foresay_a riff_o in_o the_o fair-way_n horse_n horse_n between_o the_o island_n and_o the_o main_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v the_o horse_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v when_o south-sea_n castle_n and_o a_o square_a steeple_n within_o the_o land_n be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v it_o the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a mark_n mark_n be_v to_o keep_v portsmouth_n castle_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o wood_n this_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o main_a on_o it_o at_o low_a water_n you_o will_v have_v but_o ten_o foot_n about_o it_o be_v good_a shoal_v come_v therefore_o no_o near_o it_o than_o in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n when_o st._n helen_n church_n bear_v s.w._n by_o west_n from_o you_o than_o the_o southeast_n end_n of_o the_o horse_n bear_v north-east_n by_o north_n
a_o bank_n whereon_o be_v two_o fathom_n betwixt_o the_o head_n of_o meyland_n and_o the_o same_o bank_n man_n may_v run_v through_o in_o three_o sathom_n at_o half-flood_n under_o calice-cliff_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o ten_o fathom_n but_o at_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o rock_n under_o water_n a_o bow_n shoot_v from_o the_o land_n the_o cliff_n the_o cliff_n be_v the_o outer_a or_o westermost_a bank_n and_o lie_v from_o calice-cliff_n n.n.e._n about_o four_o league_n and_o a_o half_a and_o have_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n on_o it_o betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o ruyte_n go_v a_o wide_a deep_a channel_n of_o 23_o and_o 24_o fathom_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n n._n n._n e._n half_a easterly_a and_o s._n s._n w._n half_a westerly_a and_o be_v in_o length_n almost_o three_o mile_n ruyte_v the_o ruyting_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v from_o calice-cliff_n north-east_n by_o north_n about_o four_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o south_n end_n be_v a_o ridg_z of_o one_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a this_o sand_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n in_o length_n almost_o seven_o mile_n when_o the_o south_n end_n of_o winoxberg_n come_v betwixt_o the_o two_o flat_a steeple_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o dunkirk_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o ridg_z also_o there_o stand_v three_o or_o four_o mill_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o dunkirk_n when_o the_o outermost_a come_v ever_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o town_n than_o the_o steeple_n of_o dunkirk_n shall_v bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n five_o league_n this_o be_v a_o good_a mark_n for_o the_o say_v ridge_n this_o save_v be_v very_o dangerous_a because_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o fair-way_n dike_n the_o dike_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v from_o calice-cliff_n north-east_n nine_o mile_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n on_o it_o be_v four_o and_o five_o fathom_n upon_o the_o south_n and_o north_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v ridge_n on_o the_o southermost_a be_v but_o one_o fathom_n and_o lie_v upon_o the_o mark_v of_o wynoxberge_n about_o northwest_n somewhat_o westerly_a from_o dunkirk_n on_o the_o northermost_a there_o be_v about_o four_o fathom_n and_o two_o foot_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n from_o the_o cloister_n tenduynen_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n in_o length_n four_o league_n and_o a_o half_a rattle_n the_o rattle_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v from_o calice-cliff_n north-east_n by_o east_n and_o have_v 3_o 4_o and_z 5_o fathom_n water_n on_o it_o on_o the_o south_n end_n be_v a_o ridge_n where_o you_o have_v but_o one_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n at_o spring-tyde_n these_o ridge_n fall_v dry_a between_o this_o and_o the_o dike_n go_v a_o channel_n of_o twelve_o fathom_n to_o the_o northward_a until_o you_o be_v against_o the_o ridge_n hereof_o than_o you_o will_v have_v 9_o 4_o 7_o and_o 17_o fathom_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o betwixt_o it_o and_o broad-bank_n go_v a_o great_a channel_n of_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_n in_o all_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o say_a bank_n you_o may_v turn_v to_o windward_n from_o one_o bank_n to_o another_o and_o anchor_n betwixt_o they_o where_o you_o will_v this_o bank_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n in_o length_n four_o league_n be_v about_o four_o and_o three_o quarter_n distant_a from_o calice-cliff_n broad-bank_n the_o south_n end_n hereof_o lie_v from_o calice-cliff_n n._n e._n by_o east_n three_o league_n three_o quarter_n and_o have_v a_o ridge_n on_o the_o south_n end_n where_o there_o be_v but_o half_a a_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o bank_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n be_v in_o length_n five_o league_n on_o the_o s._n w._n end_v you_o have_v 5_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o n.e._n end_n 1_o 1_o and_o a_o half_a 2_o 2_o and_o a_o half_a 3_o 4_o and_z 5_o fathom_n from_o the_o s._n side_n which_o be_v convex_a run_v off_o a_o spit_n e.n.e._n 3_o mile_n whereon_o be_v but_o 1_o and_o a_o half_a and_o 2_o fathom_n the_o n.e._n end_n lie_v from_o newport_n west_n by_o north_n 4_o league_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o from_o the_o cloister_n of_o tenduynen_n northwest_n by_o north_n three_o league_n and_o a_o half_a when_o gravel_v be_v southeast_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o foresay_a bank_n and_o when_o newport_n be_v southeast_n by_o east_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o they_o splinter_n the_o splinter_n be_v a_o bank_n which_o run_v off_o from_o the_o w_a head_n of_o dunkirk_n two_o league_n long_o which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n in_o many_o place_n you_o may_v sail_v behind_o this_o bank_n by_o the_o shore_n from_o the_o westward_o almost_o to_o the_o westward_a head_n of_o dunkirk_n and_o there_o may_v anchor_v in_o 5_o 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o westward_a head_n there_o run_v a_o channel_n through_o the_o foresay_a bank_n where_o small_a ship_n may_v pass_v through_o at_o high-water_n the_o west_n end_n lie_v from_o gravel_v n._n n._n w._n four_o mile_n quade-bank_n or_o brake_n the_o quade-bank_n run_v off_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o head_n of_o dunkirk_n at_o least_o two_o league_n to_o the_o westward_o end_v thwart_o the_o head_n of_o dunkirk_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o easter_n head_n you_o may_v anchor_v behind_o the_o bank_n shelter_v for_o a_o northwest_n a_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n you_o have_v two_o fathom_n there_o at_o low-water_n but_o in_o the_o come_n in_o it_o be_v shoaler_n before_o the_o havens_n mouth_n of_o dunkirk_n be_v nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n and_o to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o w_a head_n 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n from_o thence_o man_n may_v run_v over_o the_o small_a bank_n in_o three_o fathom_n and_o come_v against_o the_o broad-bank_n north-cames_a north-cames_a be_v a_o bank_n which_o lie_v near_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o brake_n and_o lie_v from_o dunkirk_n n._n n._n e._n about_o a_o league_n be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n whereon_o you_o will_v have_v but_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o on_o the_o east_n side_n 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n cames_n the_o cames_n be_v a_o bank_n whereon_o there_o be_v many_o ridge_n which_o have_v but_o 2_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o this_o bank_n in_o 8_o 9_o &_o 10_o fathom_n and_o may_v ride_v theâ—e_n for_o all_o wind_n it_o lie_v from_o dunkirk_n north-east_n four_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o sâ—â—â—es_v one_o mile_n brewers-bank_n the_o brewers-bank_n be_v triangular_a and_o lie_v thwart_v of_o the_o cloister_n tenduynen_n w._n n._n w._n from_o the_o shore_n about_o a_o league_n in_o the_o sea_n when_o the_o say_a cloister_n lie_v south_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o at_o the_o innermost_a part_n hereof_o you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o this_o bank_n in_o four_o fathom_n and_o low-water_n but_o man_n do_v run_v common_o about_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o when_o they_o sail_v through_o within_o the_o bank_n alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n small-bank_n on_o small-bank_n you_o have_v but_o two_o three_o and_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v without_o the_o cames_n and_o brewers-bank_n about_o a_o mile_n and_o half_a and_o from_o the_o shore_n a_o league_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n by_o east_n and_o south-west_n by_o west_n in_o length_n almost_o two_o league_n it_o lie_v from_o dunkirk_n north._n stone-bank_n when_o the_o cloister_n of_o tenduynen_n bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o stone-bank_n or_o the_o ridge_n which_o be_v on_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o whereon_o there_o be_v but_o three_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o sometime_o fall_v dry_a at_o neap-tyde_n this_o bank_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n about_o five_o mile_n and_o have_v on_o the_o east_n side_n a_o hook_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o eastward_n run_v to_o nothing_o almost_o against_o newport_n on_o it_o you_o have_v three_o fathom_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o this_o and_o the_o small-bank_n there_o be_v 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n between_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o and_o the_o broad-bank_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o a_o mile_n run_v also_o a_o channel_n of_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n call-bank_n call-bank_n of_o some_o call_v small-bank_n which_o lie_v alongst_o by_o or_o without_o the_o stone-bank_n almost_o a_o league_n betwixt_o they_o be_v a_o channel_n of_o 7_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n without_o it_o you_o have_v a_o channel_n of_o 8_o 10_o 12_o and_z 14_o fathom_n
and_o at_o some_o place_n 10_o and_o 11_o fathom_n as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o chart_n by_o the_o number_n of_o foot_n and_o all_o at_o low-water_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o eeme_v elve_n amelander_n get_v lauâ—ers_a schollâ—â—lgh_n weser_n eyder_n and_o isever_v and_o how_o the_o same_o do_v bare_a from_o holy_a land_n by_o john_n seller_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n with_o the_o adjacent_a island_n shoal_n and_o depth_n from_o the_o hever_n to_o the_o schaw_n by_o john_n seller_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n texel_n and_o fly-stream_n with_o all_o the_o sands_n depth_n and_o soundling_n by_o john_n seller_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o eeme_v as_o the_o easter_n and_o wester_n eeam_v scholbalgh_n &_o the_o lauâ—â—er_n by_o john_n seller_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o fly_n and_o amelander_n get_v by_o john_n seller_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o weser_n and_o jade_n by_o john_n seller_n regis_n hydrographus_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o maes_n 〈◊〉_d show_v the_o chanâ—â—â—_n of_o brewer_n haven_n zierick_n and_o viergat_n by_o john_n seller_n regis_fw-la hydro_fw-la the_o coast_n of_o holland_n between_o the_o maes_n and_o the_o texel_n by_o john_n seller_n regis_n hydrog_n direction_n for_o sail_v into_o all_o the_o harbour_n upon_o the_o east-coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o down_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v the_o mark_n for_o bring_v a_o ship_n to_o a_o anchor_n in_o any_o of_o the_o road_n and_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n the_o depth_n and_o sounding_n among_o the_o sand_n and_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o ground_n with_o the_o set_n of_o the_o tide_n etc._n etc._n direction_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o hope_n call_v sands-bead-point_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o sbeppy_n the_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n a_o little_a below_o sands-bead-point_n be_v cliff-creek_n and_o between_o this_o creek_n and_o that_o point_n lie_v blyth-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o by_o the_o shore_n whereon_o be_v but_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n right_o against_o cliff-creek_n lie_v shell-haven_n on_o the_o north_n side_n and_o a_o little_a below_o that_o lie_v hull-haven_n about_o a_o cable_n length_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v rock_n hull-haven-scarr_n hull-haven-scarr_n call_v hull-haven-scar_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v but_o twelve_o foot_n water_n have_v be_v aground_o on_o they_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o these_o rock_n be_v the_o entrance_n into_o lee-swatch_a the_o chanuel_n go_v into_o lee_n be_v at_o the_o eastermost_a part_n of_o the_o sand_n between_o the_o marsh_n point_n and_o it_o a_o mile_n below_o this_o entrance_n into_o lee_n canvey-island_n canvey-island_n right_a against_o which_o town_n be_v a_o low_a island_n call_v canvey_n and_o from_o the_o eastermost_a point_n run_v off_o a_o sand_n four_o mile_n in_o length_n chapman_n chapman_n there_o be_v also_o a_o sand_n call_v the_o chapman_n lie_v far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o for_o close_a by_o it_o you_o will_v have_v seven_o fathom_v water_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v aground_n and_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o chapman_n lie_v a_o smooth_a sand_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n and_o between_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o kentish_a shore_n there_o be_v two_o middle_a ground_n which_o do_v tail_n down_o from_o shooberry_n to_o the_o whitaker_n and_o there_o be_v no_o ride_v for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o 18_o or_o 19_o foot_n water_n from_o between_o shooberry-ness_a and_o the_o nower_n and_o so_o down_o to_o black-tayl_n warp_n warp_n there_o lie_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o warp_n whereon_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o southermost_a side_n right_a against_o shooberry-ness_a be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o nower_n whereon_o be_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v right_a against_o the_o west-swayl_a come_v out_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o medway_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o tilbury-hope_a down_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n when_o you_o break_v ground_n from_o tilbury-hope_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v foutherly_a blyth-sand_n blyth-sand_n keep_v the_o south_n shore_n close_o aboard_o but_o be_v careful_a of_o blyth-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o south-shore_n and_o according_o observe_v these_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o tilbury-church_n a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n without_o sands-bead-point_n or_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n or_o hasey_a weather_n keep_v your_o lead_n and_o come_v not_o within_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a with_o out_o the_o sand_n nower-bead_n nower-bead_n and_o those_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o nower-head_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a than_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o north-shore_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o until_o you_o come_v as_o low_o as_o hull-haven_n and_o so_o keep_v the_o sounding_n aforesaid_a you_o may_v come_v down_o to_o the_o nower_n and_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o nower_n and_o that_o you_o may_v know_v how_o to_o anchor_v clear_a of_o the_o sand_n bring_v prickelwel_n steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v on_o the_o north-shore_n by_o the_o water_n side_n and_o there_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o northward_a through_o the_o swim_v from_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o nower_n or_o thwart_v of_o shooberry-ness_a to_o the_o black-tayl_n the_o course_n be_v e._n n._n e._n black-will_n black-will_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a you_o may_v keep_v along_o the_o essex-shore_n and_o you_o may_v wear_v off_o and_o on_o the_o sand_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n or_o keep_v the_o hill_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o bemfleet_n open_a of_o hadly-land_n above_o lee_n and_o that_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o black-tayl_n thwart_v mark_n for_o the_o black-tayl_n be_v the_o tuft_n of_o tree_n upon_o the_o kentish-shore_n call_v challock-tree_n right_a over_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n common_o call_v the_o landsend_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoâ—-beacon_n the_o course_n be_v north-east_n and_o you_o may_v borrow_v off_o and_o on_o upon_o the_o sand_n in_o 6_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o shoo-beaton_a for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a and_o steep_a to_o the_o land_n this_o deep_a be_v call_v the_o shoo-hole_n shoo-hole_n shoo-hole_n where_o you_o shall_v have_v 10_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o fathom_n according_a as_o the_o tide_n be_v by_o which_o depth_n you_o may_v know_v where_o you_o be_v and_o the_o hole_n be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n right_o against_o the_o shoo-beacon_n the_o tail_n of_o the_o east-barrows-bead_n â—_o east-rarâ—w_a â—_o extend_v from_o the_o eastward_n very_o far_o so_o that_o the_o channel_n be_v narrow_a in_o that_o place_n and_o be_v not_o a_o mile_n over_o from_o the_o shoe_n to_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n the_o course_n be_v n._n n._n e._n if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n the_o mouth_n of_o bornam-water_n will_v be_v direct_o west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o spire_n steeple_n that_o be_v three_o mile_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o bornam_n will_v bear_v northwest_o half_a northerly_a from_o the_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n buâ—ey_n buoy_z of_o the_o buâ—ey_n or_o the_o enter_v in_o of_o the_o spit_n the_o course_n be_v north_n by_o east_n about_o 5_o mile_n you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o this_o sand_n in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_a within_o two_o middle_a ground_n that_o lie_v between_o you_o and_o the_o east-barrow_n on_o the_o westermost_a middle_a ground_n there_o be_v ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o on_o the_o eastermost_a there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v almost_o dry_a at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o middleground_n there_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v almost_o a_o mile_n below_o the_o whitaker-beaton_a whitaker-beacon_n whitaker-beacon_n if_o the_o wind_n be_v easterly_a you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o give_v the_o buoy_z a_o birth_n for_o the_o tail_n of_o that_o sand_n be_v flat_a and_o tayl_v over_o towards_o the_o whitaker_n be_v to_o the_o northwest_n of_o this_o buoy_z than_o edge_n over_o to_o the_o eastward_a and_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o deep_a water_n towards_o that_o sand_n
you_o please_v before_o the_o town_n in_o four_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom-water_n or_o you_o may_v go_v further_o into_o the_o bite_v for_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_o other_o direction_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n the_o mark_n in_o this_o channel_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o harwich_n steeple_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o fire-beacon_n on_o harwich_n and_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n or_o the_o low_a light-house_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich_n cliff_n and_o so_o sail_v in_o n._n n._n w._n keep_v those_o mark_n so_o till_o you_o come_v within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o harwich_n cliff_n then_o bear_v to_o the_o north-eastwards_a so_o far_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n than_o edge_n towards_o land-guard-fort_n till_o you_o bring_v both_o the_o light-house_n in_o one_o then_o run_v in_o with_o they_o so_o till_o you_o see_v yourself_o within_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o andrews_n which_o you_o shall_v know_v by_o have_v bawdsey_n church_n open_a and_o shut_v on_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o bawdsey_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o sea_n or_o half-tyde_n the_o andrews_n be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v then_o you_o must_v edge_n near_o to_o the_o beach_n where_o the_o fort_n stand_v to_o shun_v the_o altar_n another_o shoal_n that_o lie_v direct_o against_o the_o fort._n to_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n in_o the_o north_n channel_n you_o may_v sail_v out_o as_o be_v before_o describe_v in_o the_o go_n in_o till_o you_o come_v without_o the_o fort_n then_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n into_o one_o and_o so_o sail_v out_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o ridge_n then_o steer_v north-east_n by_o east_n until_o you_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o black_a house_n call_v the_o brewhouse_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o landguard-fort_n keep_v they_o mark_n so_o stand_v until_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-church_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o open_a of_o the_o sledway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n half_a way_n lie_v a_o wood_n which_o be_v high_a at_o both_o end_n and_o the_o midst_n low_a in_o form_n of_o a_o saddle_n this_o you_o shall_v common_o see_v first_o when_o you_o fall_v with_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o and_o be_v the_o best_a to_o know_v the_o coast_n 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o land_n without_o and_o to_o the_o southwards_o be_v very_o low_a and_o sh_o ground_n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v orfordness_n between_o they_o both_o there_o stand_v two_o wood_n which_o show_v at_o a_o distance_n like_o castle_n and_o tower_n on_o orfordness_n stand_v a_o flat_a steeple_n and_o a_o broad_a castle_n which_o have_v also_o a_o thick_a flat_a steeple_n almost_o in_o fashion_n like_o the_o steeple_n of_o ranop_n open_v above_o with_o holes_n in_o it_o like_a bellhole_n before_o dunwich_n you_o may_v anchor_v there_o be_v good_a lie_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n water_n somewhat_o soft_a ground_n before_o alborough_n be_v the_o best_a road_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n to_o know_v bawdsey_n oasly_n and_o alterton_n church_n bawdsey-church_n be_v the_o high_a and_o big_a steeple_n be_v flat_a at_o top_n as_o the_o other_o be_v it_o stand_v to_o the_o southward_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n oasly-church_n have_v a_o flat_a large_a steeple_n but_o be_v low_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o bawdsey-steeple_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n alterton-steeple_n stand_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o oasly-church_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v a_o very_a high_a square_a steeple_n but_o much_o small_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n first_o bring_v the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n north-west_n from_o you_o then_o shall_v you_o see_v a_o flat_a steeple_n right_a with_o a_o cliff_n which_o you_o must_v keep_v on_o or_o a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o cliff-end_n until_o you_o bring_v beamont-tree_n on_o the_o naze-land_n w._n n._n w._n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v southeast_n or_o southeast_n by_o south_n if_o the_o wind_n serve_v have_v not_o less_o water_n than_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v lay_v the_o netherlands_n to_o water_n you_o may_v sound_v for_o the_o kentish-knock_a and_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n serve_v and_o be_v about_o the_o knock_n you_o may_v go_v s._n s._n w._n as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gun-fleet_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v in_o the_o sled_n in_o seven_o fathom_n borrow_v on_o the_o westrock_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n steer_v s._n s._n w._n or_o south-west_n by_o west_n but_o go_v not_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o five_o fathom_n till_o you_o be_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o when_o you_o be_v over_o the_o rock_n you_o shall_v have_v seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n but_o go_v not_o without_o eight_o fathom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n go_v south-west_n by_o south_n or_o south-west_n till_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o spit_n or_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v by_o the_o naze_n to_o the_o northwards_o from_o the_o eagle_n to_o the_o naze_n you_o may_v borrow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o course_n be_v n._n e._n by_o north_n or_o n._n n._n e._n to_o go_v by_o the_o naze_n you_o must_v bring_v harwich-steeple_n unto_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o saddle_n in_o the_o cliff-end_n be_v sure_a you_o shut_v not_o st._n helen_n into_o the_o naze_n before_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n into_o the_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v steer_v with_o the_o steeple_n until_o you_o bring_v the_o dove-house_n with_o the_o naze_n or_o the_o naze-end_n unto_o a_o tree_n on_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hedge-row_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o be_v in_o one_o then_o may_v you_o have_v your_o other_o mark_n and_o steer_v to_o the_o eastward_a keep_v the_o house_n and_o tree_n in_o one_o and_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o hedge-row_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o field_n a_o stone_n cast_v from_o the_o hedge_n be_v a_o lively_a tree_n or_o great_a bush_n which_o you_o may_v bring_v into_o a_o tree_n between_o two_o high_a tree_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v keep_v in_o one_o steer_v north-east_n by_o north_n keep_v harwich-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o harbour_n but_o the_o best_a water_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v on_o the_o hommock_n between_o the_o beacon_n and_o the_o cliff_n and_o so_o steer_v to_o the_o northwards_o as_o you_o please_v to_o sail_v clear_a of_o alborough-knapes_a east_n from_o alborough_n two_o league_n lie_v alborough-knapes_a which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o deep_a than_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n you_o may_v sound_v round_o about_o it_o in_o five_o fathom_n but_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o come_v near_o with_o sea-wind_n you_o may_v discern_v it_o plain_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o with_o northerly_a and_o westerly_a wind_n the_o sea_n break_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v fair_a weather_n he_o that_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o northwards_o with_o a_o ebb_n shall_v see_v it_o ripple_n much_o upon_o it_o likewise_o upon_o most_o of_o the_o english_a bank_n and_o indeed_o not_o upon_o the_o bank_n but_o against_o they_o for_o upon_o the_o shoal_a of_o they_o be_v always_o the_o smooth_a water_n as_o experience_n teach_v every_o where_n when_o as_o alborough_n be_v west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o two_o steeple_n of_o orforness_n one_o in_o the_o other_o there_o you_o shall_v find_v albôrough-knapes_a these_o be_v sure_a mark_n of_o that_o sand._n to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o whitingsand_n the_o whiting_n be_v somewhat_o a_o small_a long_a sand_n lie_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o orfordness_n and_o the_o sh_o grind_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v alongst_o the_o reach_n but_o the_o
more_o from_o flambrough-head_n to_o newcastle_n the_o course_n be_v northwest_o or_o w.n.w._n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o shore_n the_o course_n be_v more_o northerly_a direction_n for_o st._n nicholas-gat_a and_o yarmouth-road_n from_o alborough-bay_n your_o course_n to_o yarmouth-sand_n be_v north_n by_o east_n and_o when_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o south_n end_n of_o holm-head_n you_o shall_v have_v 17_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v direct_o thwart_v of_o leystaff_n and_o be_v past_o that_o you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n in_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v goulston-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o southermost_a steeple_n of_o the_o two_o upon_o the_o north_n peer_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o steer_v with_o those_o mark_v one_o over_o the_o other_o till_o you_o come_v to_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o then_o bear_v to_o the_o northward_a anchor_n at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o yarmouth_n or_o before_o as_o you_o shall_v think_v convenient_a in_o 6_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n from_o whence_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o northward_a and_o will_v go_v over_o castorness_n steer_v alongst_o the_o 〈…〉_o in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o 〈…〉_o the_o back_o of_o the_o barber-sand_n 〈◊〉_d you_o have_v bring_v the_o light-house_n one_o over_o another_o cockle_n cockle_n and_o then_o beaâ—_n within_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o cockle_n borrow_v upon_o the_o main_a in_o 6_o 5_o or_o 4_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o winterton_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o middleground_n that_o â—â—th_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v winterton_n light-house_n s.s.w._n from_o you_o you_o may_v steer_v oâ—t_a n._n n._n e._n until_o you_o come_v to_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n and_o then_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v without_o the_o ness_n and_o may_v steer_v alongst_o the_o coast_n or_o direct_v your_o course_n as_o you_o have_v the_o wind._n but_o if_o you_o be_v in_o yarmouth_n ride_v with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o or_o 18_o foot_n water_n your_o best_a course_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o northward_a between_o the_o cockle_n and_o scroby_n mark_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v as_o follow_v you_o must_v bring_v the_o southermost_a round_a tower_n of_o yarmouth_n to_o bear_v with_o the_o two_o southermost_a windmill_n scrâ—ty_n to_o sail_v between_o the_o cockle_n &_o scrâ—ty_n and_o so_o run_v until_o you_o bring_v the_o say_a tower_n open_a of_o the_o mill_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o so_o steer_v into_o the_o northward_a with_o that_o mark_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o out_o between_o the_o two_o sand_n also_o there_o be_v another_o near_a mark_n which_o be_v therefore_o better_a but_o they_o come_v all_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o windmill_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o the_o town_n a_o little_a sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o northwest_n tower_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o show_v like_a unto_o a_o dove-house_n this_o mark_n will_v lead_v to_o the_o northwards_o and_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v less_o than_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o sea-head_n which_o be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v thwart_v between_o the_o two_o sand_n on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o four_o fathom_n or_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o when_o the_o windmill_n come_v one_o upon_o another_o than_o you_o enter_v upon_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o shoal_n which_o will_v continue_v without_o deepn_v or_o shoal_v until_o winterton-church_n and_o the_o light-house_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o then_o you_o may_v present_o come_v into_o deep_a water_n and_o may_v steer_v away_o unto_o the_o northward_a northwest_o or_o northwest_n by_o west_n or_o northwest_n by_o north_n and_o this_o course_n shall_v carry_v you_o clear_a within_o the_o rock_n that_o lie_v e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n from_o winterton_n on_o which_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v fifteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n in_o some_o place_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o northward_a and_o will_v go_v into_o this_o channel_n follow_v this_o direction_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o haseborough_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o low_a flat_a church_n keep_v that_o a_o sail_n breadth_n off_o haseborough-cliff_n and_o steer_v direct_o with_o this_o mark_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o channel_n before_o mention_v yarmouth-road_n to_o bring_v you_o into_o yarmouth-road_n and_o to_o know_v the_o right_a church_n when_o it_o be_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o cliff_n of_o haseborough_n be_v this_o when_o haseborough-church_n do_v bear_v northwest_n by_o west_n from_o you_o and_o steer_v away_o southeast_n by_o east_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o mark_n and_o channel_n aforesaid_a and_o within_o all_o the_o over-falls_a that_o lie_v short_a of_o wintertenness_n from_o winterton_n to_o haseborough-point_n the_o course_n be_v northwest_o three_o league_n from_o haseborough_n to_o cromar_n the_o coast_n lie_v northwest_o and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o w.n.w._n 3_o or_o 4_o league_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o winterton_n and_o cromer_n winterton_n mock-beggers-hall_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o winterton_n as_o far_o as_o haseborough_n as_o you_o sail_n by_o it_o castor_n haseborrough_n thus_o show_v the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n betwixt_o yarmouth_n and_o cromer_n when_o you_o sail_n through_o within_o the_o bank_n castor_n winterton_n haseborrough_n cromer_n these_o three_o figure_n belong_v to_o each_o other_o the_o land_n lie_v from_o cromer_n to_o bornham_n first_o w._n n._n w._n and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o then_o west_n and_o west_n by_o south_n nine_o or_o ten_o league_n thwart_v of_o mock-beggars-hall_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o little_a flat_a where_o no_o ship_n can_v go_v over_o but_o you_o may_v come_v within_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n of_o it_o you_o may_v also_o run_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o land_n in_o two_o fathom_n water_n to_o sail_v into_o blakney_n from_o cromer_n unto_o blakney_n it_o be_v two_o or_o three_o league_n at_o blakney_n stand_v a_o high_a steeple_n which_o you_o may_v see_v alongst_o far_o over_o the_o land_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o little_a steeple_n than_o you_o have_v the_o first_o buoy_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v a_o sand_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o blakney_n go_v from_o the_o first_o buoy_z to_o the_o other_o and_o so_o alongst_o by_o they_o until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o haven_n this_o be_v a_o tydehaven_n and_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n to_o sail_v into_o wells_n four_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o blakney_n lie_v wells_n betwixt_o they_o both_o the_o aforesaid_a shore_n piper_n pole_n and_o piper_n call_v the_o pole_n and_o piper_n there_o be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v far_o off_o from_o the_o land_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o which_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o well_n the_o beacon_n that_o you_o sail_n by_o stand_v all_o alongst_o by_o the_o piper_n when_o hoebrom_n bear_v e._n s._n e._n from_o you_o and_o the_o tree_n against_o the_o steeple_n than_o you_o may_v sail_v open_a into_o the_o haven_n of_o wells_n direction_n for_o lin-deeps_a between_o wintertonness_n and_o the_o spurn-head_n from_o wintertonness_n to_o flamborrough-head_n the_o course_n be_v north-west_n and_o northwest_n by_o north_n as_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o which_o course_n when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o well_o which_o be_v near_o about_o blakney_n s.s.w._n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n from_o you_o there_o you_o have_v divers_a overfall_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o there_o be_v not_o above_o 13_o or_o 14_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o be_v very_o short_a knowl_n many_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v land_n grow_v up_o about_o some_o vessel_n that_o have_v be_v sink_v as_o they_o be_v come_v from_o newcastle_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n and_o since_o so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 16_o or_o 17_o foot_n water_n to_o go_v through_o the_o well_o for_o no_o man_n can_v shape_v a_o course_n to_o be_v certain_a to_o go_v through_o the_o well_o escape_v the_o overfall_n they_o be_v so_o many_o and_o lie_v so_o scatter_v in_o your_o course_n between_o flamborrough_n and_o winterton_n but_o in_o your_o w._n n._n w._n and_o e._n s._n e._n course_n between_o the_o spurn_n and_o norfolk-coast_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o overfall_n for_o in_o that_o course_n you_o shall_v have_v eight_o or_o ten_o fathom_n a_o certain_a depth_n for_o three_o or_o four_o league_n together_o between_o well_n and_o bornham_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n you_o may_v ride_v under_o it_o in_o
the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o call_v the_o gore_n gore_n gore_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o ship_n when_o they_o have_v not_o wind_n and_o weather_n to_o carry_v they_o over_o the_o flat_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o best_a ride_v anchorage_n mark_n for_o good_a anchorage_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o mill_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o st._n peter_n church_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o westgate-bay_n together_o there_o be_v also_o a_o shoal_n call_v the_o middleground_n at_o the_o cliff_n end_n middleground_n middleground_n which_o lie_v a_o little_a below_o the_o hook_n near_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o south_n side_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n four_o fathom_n be_v a_o small_a narrow_a ridge_n and_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n in_o longth_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mark_n to_o keep_v you_o clear_a be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n over_o the_o east_n side_n of_o westgate-bay_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o nethermost_a tree_n on_o the_o next_o high_a land_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o reculver_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o southward_a this_o be_v also_o a_o good_a mark_n for_o the_o hook_n downward_o or_o from_o margaret_n sand_n upward_o margaret_n sand_n lie_v before_o margot_n and_o westgate-bay_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o margot_n church_n north_n half_a westerly_a the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o east_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v margot_n steeple_n and_o the_o windmill_n in_o one_o the_o depth_n you_o have_v along_o the_o sand_n as_o you_o turn_v up_o and_o down_o be_v at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o upward_o 9_o 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o fathom_n the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n if_o you_o be_v to_o turn_v up_o in_o the_o night_n between_o the_o main_a and_o marget-sand_n you_o shall_v find_v by_o keep_v of_o your_o lead_n two_o middle-ground_n middle-ground_n middle-ground_n upon_o the_o innermost_a middleground_n you_o shall_v have_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v 6_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n as_o the_o tide_n be_v high_a without_o the_o inner_a middleground_n you_o shall_v have_v 8_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o shall_v have_v seven_o or_o eight_o as_o the_o tide_n be_v and_o without_o that_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o shoal_n again_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o be_v on_o the_o sand_n and_o likewise_o the_o shoal_v on_o the_o main_a within_o the_o inner_a middle-ground_n these_o middle-ground_n do_v reach_v up_o to_o the_o gore_n and_o the_o far_o you_o come_v to_o the_o westward_n the_o shoaler_n for_o they_o tail_n unto_o the_o searn_v and_o the_o dry-sand_n without_o it_o which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o man_n the_o girdler_n the_o mark_n to_o ride_v in_o margot_n road._n the_o mark_n to_o ride_v in_o marget-road_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o mill_n and_o steeple_n together_o as_o far_o off_o the_o shoar_n as_o you_o please_v to_o anchor_n the_o great_a part_n of_o marget-sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n from_o marget-town_n up_o to_o the_o cliff_n end_n above_o birchington_n spit_v off_o several_a shoal_n place_n that_o must_v be_v take_v care_n of_o in_o turn_v up_o and_o down_o especial_o at_o high-water_n near_o margot_n stand_v no_o near_o the_o shoar_n than_o six_o fathom_n and_o from_o westgate-bay_n upward_o in_o five_o fathom_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o all_o the_o spit_v below_o marget-town_n that_o run_v off_o the_o shoar_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o foreland_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o marget-steeple_n open_a above_o the_o land_n and_o fairness_n and_o whiteness_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o foreland_n the_o gore_n the_o gore_n be_v a_o road_n where_o ship_n use_v to_o ride_v when_o they_o have_v not_o wind_n and_o weather_n to_o sail_v over_o the_o flat_n ride_v mark_n of_o the_o best_a ride_v this_o road_n be_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o hook_n of_o marget-sand_n and_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o mill_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o seaside_n and_o st._n peterschurch_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o westgate-bay_n westgate-bay_n westgate-bay_n be_v a_o road_n where_o ship_n do_v use_v to_o ride_v a_o chart_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n new_o correct_v by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n by_o reason_n there_o be_v more_o water_n and_o more_o drift_n and_o better_a ground_n for_o anchorhold_a then_o be_v in_o the_o gore_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v a_o windmill_n on_o a_o old_a house_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bay_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n water_n a_o description_n of_o the_o channel_n black-deeps_a the_o black-deeps_a be_v a_o channel_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north-west_n side_n of_o the_o pan-sand_n knock-john_n pan-sand_n girdler_n longsand_n knock-john_n girdler_n and_o the_o longsand_n and_o run_v between_o they_o and_o the_o shivering-sand_n knock-john_n and_o the_o sink_v the_o westermost_a part_n of_o this_o channel_n be_v but_o a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n viz._n betwixt_o the_o shivering-sand_n and_o the_o pan-sand_n shivering-sand_n shivering-sand_n and_o all_o along_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o shivering-sand_n you_o will_v have_v about_o ten_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o outward_a side_n towards_o the_o girdler_n several_a various_a depth_n but_o none_o less_o than_o seven_o fathom_n and_o all_o down_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o will_v have_v about_o fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o fathom_n unless_o it_o be_v towards_o the_o sink_v where_o you_o will_v have_v ten_o fathom_n the_o northermost_a mouth_n of_o this_o channel_n be_v near_o five_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sink_v and_o the_o long-sand-head_n barrow-deeps_a the_o barrow-deeps_a be_v a_o channel_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o shivering-sand_n knock-john_n and_o the_o east_n and_o west-barrow_n the_o north-east_n entrance_n into_o this_o channel_n be_v about_o four_o mile_n broad_a and_o at_o the_o south-west_n entrance_n between_o the_o mouse_n and_o the_o shivering-sand_n it_o be_v about_o three_o mile_n in_o this_o channel_n there_o be_v various_a depth_n of_o water_n as_o seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o channel_n it_o be_v not_o above_o two_o mile_n broad_a the_o narrow_a the_o narrow_a be_v that_o channel_n that_o run_v between_o marget-sand_n and_o the_o main_n reach_v from_o the_o north-foreland_a through_o the_o buoys_n of_o the_o woolpack_n and_o the_o spell_n spell_n woolpack_n and_o spell_n in_o which_o channel_n you_o will_v general_o have_v five_o fathom_n in_o the_o midst_n at_o low-water_n the_o swim_v the_o swim_v be_v a_o channel_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n up_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n have_v general_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o kings-channel_n the_o kings-channel_n be_v a_o broad_a channel_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o northward_a and_o so_o pass_v upon_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o the_o northwest_o side_n of_o the_o heap_n and_o middleground_n until_o it_o come_v into_o the_o swim_v the_o wallet_n the_o wallet_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o the_o main_n enter_v between_o the_o westrock_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o come_v out_o again_o at_o the_o spit_v the_o spit_v the_o spit_v be_v a_o channel_n that_o pass_v between_o the_o northwest_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n where_o at_o low-water_n be_v no_o more_o than_o six_o or_o eight_o foot_n and_o be_v but_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o mark_n to_o come_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o wallet_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o great-holland_n which_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n into_o a_o small_a swamp_n in_o a_o red_a cliff_n and_o then_o the_o church_n will_v bear_v north_n half_a easterly_a and_o in_o go_v in_o you_o may_v steer_v north-east_n by_o north_n till_o your_o water_n deepen_v and_o then_o bear_v towards_o the_o naze_n and_o the_o near_a you_o be_v to_o the_o gunfleet_n the_o deep_a water_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o margaret-road_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n and_o the_o mark_n for_o both_o channel_n in_o the_o down_n from_o margot_n steer_v down_o alongst_o the_o shore_n east_n and_o east_n by_o north_n as_o the_o wind_n be_v but_o come_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o in_o seven_o or_o
the_o cows-road_n or_o reach_v from_o the_o south-west_n point_v of_o the_o redcliff_n on_o bully-side_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o calshot-castle_n on_o the_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o a_o springtide_n it_o lie_v two_o three_o of_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o island_n steer_v from_o the_o cows-road_n north-east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o hampton_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o calshot-castle_n then_o luff_o up_o or_o bear_v right_a in_o with_o hampton_n and_o you_o shall_v go_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bramble_n into_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o steer_v in_o so_o keep_v hampton_n open_v until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o channel_n between_o the_o bramble_n and_o the_o main_a for_o small_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o lead_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o in_o or_o out_o in_o this_o channel_n be_v the_o westermost_a windmill_n or_o porchdown_a right_a between_o to_o the_o red_a patch_n of_o the_o cliff_n by_o the_o seaside_n near_o teachfield-haven_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a patch_n on_o the_o say_a cliff_n so_o that_o this_o mark_n may_v deceive_v you_o therefore_o look_v out_o towards_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o wight_n towards_o yarmouth_n there_o you_o shall_v see_v two_o hill_n make_v with_o a_o valley_n between_o they_o also_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o yarmouth_n you_o shall_v see_v close_o by_o the_o waterside_n a_o black_a hill_n bring_v that_o hill_n in_o the_o valley_n between_o the_o aforesaid_a hill_n and_o something_o on_o upon_o the_o southermost_a hill_n and_o that_o mark_v keep_v will_v lead_v you_o through_o in_o fourteen_o foot_n water_n at_o quarter-flood_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v hampton_n open_v of_o calshot-castle_n than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o spit_n of_o owze_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o castle_n and_o may_v bear_v in_o as_o abovesaid_a direction_n to_o sail_n into_o pool_n a_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o aforesaid_a point_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o pool_n for_o to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v about_o hand-fast-point_n you_o must_v go_v northwest_o or_o somewhat_o more_o northerly_a than_o you_o may_v perceive_v right_a a-head_n a_o high_a flat_a hill_n which_o stand_v high_a than_o any_o other_o land_n thereabouts_o keep_v that_o betwixt_o two_o shore_n and_o run_v in_o right_a with_o it_o but_o if_o you_o turn_v in_o then_o spare_v not_o your_o lead_n and_o run_v not_o far_o over_o to_o the_o westward_a than_o till_o that_o flat_a hill_n come_v to_o the_o west-land_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o touch_v you_o must_v about_o or_o else_o you_o shall_v be_v fast_o aground_n when_o you_o be_v about_o run_v no_o further_o to_o the_o eastward_n than_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a hill_n come_v over_o to_o the_o east_n sandhill_n pool_n mark_v to_o go_v into_o pool_n which_o be_v a_o high_a gray_a sharp_a sandhill_n lie_v at_o the_o east_n side_n if_o you_o keep_v these_o foresay_a mark_n in_o this_o manner_n you_o shall_v have_v go_v in_o there_o at_o half-flood_n water_n enough_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o shoal_a ten_o and_o eleven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o it_o flow_v there_o no_o more_o than_o five_o foot_n up_o and_o down_o it_o flow_v there_o twice_o in_o one_o tide_n a_o southeast_n and_o northwest_n moon_n make_v there_o full_a sea_n also_o a_o south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n moon_n make_v high-water_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fore-ebb_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o wight_n when_o you_o come_v without_o the_o entry_n go_v then_o n._n n._n e._n on_o and_o keep_v the_o beacon_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o east_n land_n on_o the_o starboard_n from_o you_o and_o run_v indifferent_a close_o alongst_o by_o they_o the_o shore_n be_v on_o both_o side_n steep_a and_o the_o channel_n be_v not_o wide_a without_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v shoal_n or_o flat_a this_o be_v pilot_n water_n direction_n for_o portland_n and_o sail_v into_o weymouth_n from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o wight_n to_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n the_o course_n be_v w._n s._n w._n eleven_o league_n but_o for_o donnose_n west_n by_o south_n thirteen_o league_n if_o you_o will_v go_v to_o anchor_n under_o portland_n portland-road_n portland-road_n come_v from_o the_o west_n come_v within_o a_o musket_n shoot_v about_o by_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n and_o be_v come_v about_o the_o second_o point_n whereon_o the_o castle_n stand_v edge_n up_o to_o the_o westward_a until_o you_o come_v before_o the_o castle_n and_o anchor_n there_o in_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o or_o 11_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o point_n of_o portland_n do_v lie_v south_n by_o east_n and_o s._n s._n e._n from_o you_o there_o you_o shall_v lie_v land-lockt_a for_o a_o south_n and_o south_n by_o east_n wind_n with_o a_o south_n west_n and_o a_o s._n s._n w._n wind_n you_o must_v be_v very_o mindful_a of_o the_o terrible_a ripling_n of_o the_o race_n of_o portland_n which_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_a of_o portland_n and_o end_v a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_a of_o st._n albon_n the_o ground_n in_o that_o race_n be_v very_o uneven_a and_o shoal_n in_o some_o place_n seven_o in_o other_o ten_o and_o also_o fifteen_o fathom_n about_o a_o league_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o road_n of_o portland_n weymouth_n weymouth_n lie_v a_o town_n call_v weymouth_n which_o have_v a_o tydehaven_n before_o it_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n to_o sail_v from_o portland_n to_o exmouth_n from_o portland_n to_o exmouth_n the_o course_n be_v w._n n._n w._n thirteen_o league_n betwixt_o they_o both_o lie_v a_o little_a island_n close_o by_o the_o land_n cob-island_n cob-island_n before_o lime-haven_n call_v cob._n before_o exmouth_n exmouth_n exmouth_n man_n may_v ride_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o shindle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o haven_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o rock_n of_o tomans-stone_n do_v bear_v south_n or_o south_n by_o east_n from_o you_o there_o you_o will_v have_v good_a ground_n and_o land-lockt_a for_o all_o wind_n five_o league_n south_n and_o south_n by_o west_n from_o exmouth_n lie_v torbay_n and_o lie_v from_o portland_n west_n and_o west_n by_o south_n thirteen_o league_n for_o to_o go_v into_o torbay_n torbay_n torbay_n you_o must_v bring_v the_o west_n point_n or_o the_o berry_n south_n by_o east_n or_o s.s.e._n from_o you_o and_o anchor_n therein_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n there_o you_o shall_v lie_v land-lockt_a for_o a_o south_n wind_n and_o south-west_n wind_n at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o bay_n be_v also_o a_o tydehaven_n call_v the_o tormain_a tormain_n tormain_n before_o it_o be_v good_a anchor-ground_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n according_a as_o you_o will_v lie_v near_o or_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n to_o sail_v into_o dartmouth_n three_o or_o four_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o torbay_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o dartmouth_n which_o have_v a_o narrow_a entry_n lie_v in_o betwixt_o two_o highland_n upon_o each_o side_n of_o the_o haven_n stand_v a_o little_a castle_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v a_o church_n on_o the_o high-land_n call_v st._n patricks-church_n for_o to_o sail_v in_o come_v from_o the_o start_n or_o from_o the_o westward_o you_o must_v run_v in_o alongst_o by_o the_o wester-land_n so_o far_o to_o the_o eastward_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o key_n of_o the_o village_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o haven_n betwixt_o the_o two_o land_n and_o you_o must_v be_v very_o ready_a with_o your_o boat_n if_o any_o gust_n of_o wind_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o high-land_n for_o to_o row_v in_o be_v come_v in_o edge_z over_z to_o the_o west_n side_n before_o the_o brewhouse_n and_o anchor_n there_o in_o ten_o or_o eleven_o fathom_n or_o before_o the_o village_n on_o the_o east_n side_n where_o you_o please_v at_o the_o east_n side_n lie_v a_o sink_a rock_n rock_n a_o sink_a rock_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v these_o steer_v in_o with_o st._n patrick_n church_n and_o bring_v not_o the_o village_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o harbour_n without_o the_o say_a church_n but_o keep_v the_o outer_a house_n of_o the_o say_a village_n in_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o chapel_n and_o always_o in_o sight_n without_o the_o bullwork_n on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o st._n patrick_n church_n then_o can_v you_o take_v no_o hurt_n of_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o range_v by_o the_o north_n point_n betwixt_o dartmouth_n and_o the_o start_n near_o to_o
enâ—…_n famous_a discoverer_n sr._n fran_n drake_n mr._n tho_n candis_n the_o coast_v pilot_n describe_v the_o seacoa_v channel_n sounding_n sand_n shoal_n rock_n &_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_n river_n port_n buoy_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n flanders_n and_o holland_n with_o direction_n to_o bring_v a_o ship_n into_o any_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a draught_n chart_n and_o description_n gather_v from_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_v of_o diverse_a able_a and_o expert_a navigator_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n collect_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n in_o ordinary_a to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o hermitage_n in_o wapping_n and_o in_o exchange_n alley_n in_o corne-hill_n and_o by_o w._n fisher_n at_o the_o postern_n on_o tower-hill_n and_o by_o jo._n wingfield_n in_o crutched_a friar_n right_a against_o the_o church_n cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la london_n a_o chart_n of_o the_o seacoa_v of_o england_n flanders_n &_o holland_n show_v all_o the_o sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_v buoyes_n beacon_n and_o sea-mark_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n in_o ordinary_a to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n in_o london_n 〈…〉_o the_o coast_v pilot_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o seacoast_n cape_n headland_n channel_n sounding_n sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_n river_n port_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n flanders_n and_o holland_n show_v the_o course_n and_o distance_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o set_v of_o the_o tide_n and_o current_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n with_o direction_n for_o the_o bring_v a_o ship_n into_o any_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o exact_a draught_n chart_n and_o description_n gather_v from_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_n of_o divers_a able_a and_o expert_a navigator_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n collect_v describe_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n in_o ordinary_a to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n a_o short_a description_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n from_o london-bridge_n to_o hopeness_n alias_o sands-head_n point_n show_v the_o shelf_n and_o danger_n in_o each_o reach_n the_o pool_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n that_o lie_v from_o london-bridg_n to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n first_o from_o london-bridge_n to_o wapping-ness_n which_o lie_v w.n.w._n and_o e.s.e._n and_o about_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o near_o to_o fountain-stair_n lie_v a_o rock_n on_o the_o south_n side_n rock_n a_o rock_n which_o be_v dangerous_a for_o ship_n to_o come_v aground_o upon_o the_o second_o part_n reach_v from_o wapping-ness_n to_o ratclif-check_a and_o lie_v n.e._n and_o s.w._n the_o three_o part_n reach_v from_o ratclif-check_a to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o lie_v round_v upon_o four_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o n._n e._n to_o the_o east_n these_o three_o reaches_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o river_n with_o the_o letter_n a_o b_o c._n limehouse-reach_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o cuckolds-point_n down_o to_o deptford_n and_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v two_o windmill_n from_o the_o southermost_a of_o which_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n downward_o the_o river_n be_v very_a shoal_n and_o flat_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n greenwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o deptford_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n and_o be_v much_o wind_a but_o about_o the_o middle_n it_o lie_v east_n and_o west_n at_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o be_v a_o convenient_a place_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v greenwich-hole_n greenwich-hole_n call_v greenwich-hole_n and_o there_o be_v in_o this_o hole_n about_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n there_o be_v a_o shoal_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o sanders-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n â—_o blackwall-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n to_o blackwall_n town_n this_o reach_n be_v very_o good_a for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o especial_o on_o the_o west_n side_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n from_o layness_n which_o be_v a_o point_n right_a against_o blackwall_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o shoal_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n this_o reach_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o south_n by_o east_n and_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n nel-hope_a alias_o bugby's-hole_n this_o reach_n lead_v down_o from_o layness_n to_o hookness_n and_o lie_v northwest_o and_o southeast_n it_o be_v somewhat_o shoal_n off_o from_o hookness_n wherein_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n woolwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o bugby's-hole_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o woolwich_n town_n east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v ham-creek_n a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o which_o lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v woolwich-shelf_n shelf_n woolwich_n shelf_n whereon_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n it_o lie_v one_o three_o of_o the_o reach_v over_o from_o the_o essex-shore_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n but_o below_o the_o town_n deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n h._n gallions-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n woolwich-town_n almost_o to_o barking-creek_n and_o lie_v n.n.e._n &_o s.s.w._n on_o the_o west_n side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o little_a house_n and_o some_o tree_n call_v gallion_n house_n and_o tree_n right_a against_o they_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o ship_n and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n be_v a_o point_n call_v maggot-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n barking-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o maggot-ness_n to_o cross-ness_n a_o little_a above_o cross-ness_n stand_v two_o tree_n on_o each_o side_n the_o river_n one_o either_o of_o they_o be_v call_v half-way-tree_n half-way-tree_n half-way-tree_n they_o bear_v that_o name_n because_o it_o be_v there_o repute_v to_o be_v half_a way_n between_o london_n and_o gravesend_n this_o reach_n lie_v somewhat_o crooked_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o two_o reaches_n the_o first_o part_n lie_v from_o maggot-ness_a half_a way_n to_o cross-ness_a due_a east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o other_o part_n to_o cross-ness_a lie_v n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n in_o this_o reach_n be_v the_o great_a shoal_n in_o the_o river_n call_v barking-shelf_n barking-shelf_n barking-shelf_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n between_o the_o shelf_n and_o barking-creek_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n be_v between_o the_o shelf_n and_o the_o kentish-shore_n it_o be_v narrow_a but_o two_o fathom_n and_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n dagenham-ietty-reach_a this_o reach_n extend_v itself_o down_o from_o cross-ness_a to_o gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o point_n of_o land_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n almost_o against_o raynham-ferry_n it_o lie_v in_o two_o part_n the_o westermost_a lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o the_o other_o part_n east_n by_o south_n and_o west_n by_o north_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v four_o fathom_n and_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low_a water_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n off_o the_o point_n where_o gillion-tree_n stand_v lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v about_o eight_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o essex_n side_n lie_v out_o a_o jetty_a to_o secure_v the_o bank_n from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o tide_n which_o set_v very_o much_o on_o that_o shore_n it_o be_v call_v dagenham-jetty_a shelf_n dagenham-jetty_a a_o shelf_n between_o which_o and_o cross-ness_a on_o the_o kentish-shore_n lie_v a_o small_a shelf_n which_o be_v sometime_o dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v express_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n erith-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s._n s._n e._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o reynbam_fw-la down_o to_o a_o point_n on_o the_o essex-shore_n call_v cold-barbour_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v about_o four_o fathom_n
south_n end_n lie_v further_a from_o land_n than_o the_o north_n end_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n water_n upon_o it_o at_o low-water_n come_v from_o the_o northward_a man_n most_o common_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o it_o that_o be_v through_z between_z the_o land_n and_o the_o whiting_n towards_o the_o naze_n man_n may_v also_o sail_v along_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o through_z between_z the_o whiting_n and_o the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o bawdsey-sand_n the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n lie_v near_o the_o snore_n and_o lie_v from_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n south-west_n by_o south_n it_o be_v so_o exceed_v steep_a and_o sharp_a that_o at_o one_o cast_v you_o have_v nine_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o but_o five_o and_o then_o you_o be_v but_o a_o ship_n length_n from_o it_o and_o before_o you_o can_v heave_v the_o lead_n again_o you_o shall_v be_v upon_o it_o when_o you_o sit_v with_o the_o foreship_n against_o it_o you_o have_v five_o or_o six_o fathom_n at_o stern_a along_o the_o inward_a side_n it_o be_v also_o every_o where_o so_o steep_a that_o you_o can_v sound_v it_o but_o on_o the_o outside_n you_o may_v run_v alongst_o by_o it_o in_o five_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o northwards_o and_o will_v sail_v through_o within_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v run_v close_o alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o south-west_n about_o by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shingle_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n come_v to_o the_o northwest_n by_o north_n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n be_v within_o it_o go_v again_o more_o southerly_a viz._n south-west_n by_o south_n towards_o barzey-cliff_n to_o run_v in_o to_o the_o castward_o of_o the_o whiting_n bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o bawdsey_n w._n s._n w._n from_o you_o and_o so_o sail_v in_o right_n with_o it_o until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o whiting_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n and_o lead_v it_o in_o so_o by_o it_o upon_o the_o lead_n until_o you_o come_v by_o bawdsey_n or_o can_v get_v deep_a water_n when_o you_o come_v near_o bawdsey_n whether_o you_o come_v in_o from_o the_o northward_a or_o southward_o of_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v keep_v somewhat_o off_o from_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o a_o small_a tail_n that_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n thwart_v of_o bawdsey-cliff_n which_o you_o must_v avoid_v with_o ship_n of_o great_a draught_n for_o there_o remain_v upon_o it_o at_o low_a water_n no_o more_o than_o two_o fathom_n you_o may_v perceive_v it_o well_o by_o the_o ripling_n of_o the_o tide_n most_o common_o direction_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n down_o to_o the_o kings-channel_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n or_o thwart_v of_o the_o buoys_n in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o sea_n for_o norway_n east-land_n hambrough_n holland_n etc._n etc._n steer_v out_o north-east_n by_o east_n and_o e.n.e._n until_o you_o come_v to_o twenty_o fathom_v water_n than_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o all_o and_o direct_v your_o course_n to_o the_o place_n you_o be_v bind_v but_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n and_o will_v hale_v in_o for_o yarmouth_n road_n then_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n steer_v north-east_n by_o east_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey-cliff_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o north_n west_n by_o west_n than_o you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o shipwash_n in_o ten_o or_o eleven_o fathom_n or_o steer_v away_o north_n east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n until_o you_o come_v to_o bring_v alborough-church_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o n._n w._n then_o bear_v in_o with_o it_o n._n n._n w._n till_o you_o come_v to_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o will_v bring_v you_o within_o the_o sand_n call_v alborough-knapes_a on_o which_o there_o be_v ten_o or_o eleven_o foot_n water_n at_o low-water_n but_o there_o be_v seventeen_o or_o eighteen_o fathom_n between_o that_o and_o the_o shore_n knapes_n mark_n of_o alborough_n knapes_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o be_v alborough-church_n w.n.w._n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o the_o same_o church_n w._n s._n w._n the_o long_a mark_n for_o it_o be_v orford-church_n and_o castle_n one_o in_o another_o go_v right_a upon_o it_o but_o keep_v they_o open_a a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n one_o off_o another_o on_o each_o side_n carry_v you_o clear_a either_o without_o or_o within_o the_o sand._n from_o the_o sonk_z to_o the_o longsand_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north-foreland_n when_o the_o naze-sand_n do_v bear_v northwest_n by_o west_n you_o may_v hale_v up_o east_n and_o east_n by_o south_n and_o e.s.e._n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v the_o lead_n and_o to_o look_v out_o for_o the_o ripling_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o bear_v off_o and_o on_o from_o it_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v below_o that_o in_o eleven_o fathom_n then_o if_o you_o have_v a_o neap-tyde_n you_o may_v steer_v for_o the_o long-sand-head_n but_o with_o a_o flood_n and_o a_o east_n wind_n or_o northerly_a wind_n you_o must_v steer_v e._n s._n e._n or_o southeast_n till_o you_o come_v to_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o fathom_n dirty_a owsey_a ground_n then_o steer_v s._n s._n e._n for_o a_o good_a distance_n for_o you_o have_v pit_n of_o twenty_o fathom_n and_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o fathom_n but_o have_v a_o continue_a depthing_n of_o 18_o 19_o 20_o or_o 21_o fathom_n and_o stony_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v assure_v yourself_o that_o you_o be_v without_o the_o longsand_n and_o may_v steer_v s._n s._n w._n with_o the_o foreland_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n to_o sail_v alongst_o the_o coast_n by_o alborough_n dunwich_n and_o covehith_n the_o coast_n lie_v north_n by_o east_n somewhat_o easterly_a and_o south_n by_o west_n somewhat_o westerly_a from_o covehith_n to_o leystaff_n north_n and_o south_n two_o league_n between_o dunwich_n and_o covehith_n lie_v the_o haven_n of_o southwold_n southwold_n southwold_n which_o be_v a_o small_a creek_n and_o a_o little_a within_o it_o divide_v itself_o into_o three_o part_n upon_o the_o northermost_a arm_n lie_v southwold_n upon_o the_o middlemost_a walderswick_n and_o upon_o the_o southermost_a dunwich_n covehith_n dunwich_n covehith_n covehith_n have_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n thwart_v of_o this_o steeple_n lie_v a_o bank_n not_o far_o from_o the_o land_n which_o fall_v almost_o dry_a at_o low-water_n but_o at_o half_a flood_n you_o may_v sail_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o it_o in_o two_o fathom_n upon_o the_o outer-side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a so_o that_o you_o can_v come_v near_a it_o than_o in_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehith_n be_v w.n.w._n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o bank_n and_o when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehith_n be_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o it_o two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o covehith_n lie_v leystaff_n leystaff_n leystaff_n and_o two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o that_o lie_v yarmouth_n the_o steeple_n be_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n and_o stand_v a_o great_a musquet-shot_a within_o the_o land_n from_o the_o house_n so_o that_o in_o sail_v alongst_o you_o may_v bring_v the_o steeple_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o house_n off_o from_o leystaff_n begin_v the_o bank_n call_v the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o lie_v along_o to_o the_o northward_a holms_n holms_n past_a yarmouth_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o winterton_n winterton_n winterton_n there_o go_v divers_a channel_n through_o they_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v through_o upon_o divers_a mark_n for_o those_o that_o be_v there_o acquaint_v you_o may_v sail_v within_o these_o bank_n off_o from_o leystaff_n until_o you_o be_v past_a winterton_n to_o sail_v within_o the_o bank_n of_o yarmouth_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v through_o from_o before_o leystaff_n within_o these_o bank_n then_o look_v out_o for_o the_o light-house_n which_o stand_v by_o leystaff_n which_o be_v two_o little_a white_a house_n the_o one_o stand_v beneath_o upon_o the_o shingles_n on_o the_o seaside_n and_o the_o innermost_a upon_o a_o little_a hommock_n somewhat_o far_o within_o the_o land_n when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o southward_a than_o they_o show_v themselves_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o town_n but_o come_v at_o last_o thwart_v of_o it_o in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v always_o fire_n on_o they_o a_o chart_n of_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o
yarmought_n to_o cocket_a island_n describe_v all_o the_o road_n â—avens_n and_o harbour_n depth_n and_o sounding_n the_o course_n and_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o new_o corrode_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n at_o the_o 〈…〉_o a_o description_n of_o the_o east_n coast_n of_o scotland_n show_v all_o the_o bay_n road_n haven_n harbour_n depth_n and_o soundling_n course_n &_o distance_n of_o place_n one_o the_o say_v coast_n new_o correct_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o sign_n of_o the_o marrinors_n compass_n at_o the_o hermitage_n stayr_n in_o wapping_n about_o a_o mile_n haven_n yarmouth_n haven_n or_o somewhat_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o have_v two_o wooden_a head_n you_o must_v sail_v in_o between_o they_o both_o against_o the_o high_a water_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o flood_n be_v spend_v at_o half-flood_n it_o be_v dangerous_a because_o of_o the_o strong_a tide_n which_o shall_v forcible_o carry_v you_o into_o the_o bite_v against_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v also_o best_o to_o carry_v your_o ship_n in_o alongst_o the_o south-head_n for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a at_o yarmouth_n in_o the_o road_n man_n do_v common_o anchor_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o haven_n right_o over_o thwart_v the_o town_n in_o five_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n the_o near_a you_o anchor_v to_o the_o sand_n the_o deep_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o all_o good_a sand_n and_o soft_a ground_n to_o sail_v into_o yarmouth-road_n through_o the_o holms_n if_o you_o sail_v into_o the_o road_n of_o yarmouth_n then_o bring_v the_o sharp_a little_a steeple_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o yarmouth_n within_o the_o land_n over_o the_o broad_a castle_n or_o bring_v the_o mill_n to_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o town_n keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v and_o go_v in_o w._n n._n w._n you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o channel_n no_o less_o than_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n at_o half-flood_n this_o channel_n be_v call_v st._n nicholas_n channel_n channel_n st._n nicholas_n channel_n on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o be_v deep_a be_v come_v in_o the_o road_n be_v right_a before_o the_o town_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n thwart_v or_o over_o against_o the_o haven_n of_o yarmouth_n go_v also_o a_o channel_n through_o the_o holms_n to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o bring_v the_o souton_n over_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n between_o the_o great_a tree_n and_o that_o flat_a little_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o and_o keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v within_o the_o holms_n within_o they_o lie_v a_o flat_a on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o a_o little_a northward_a of_o the_o haven_n call_v the_o middleground_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o on_o both_o side_n the_o inner_a side_n in_o five_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o holms_n or_o towards_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n from_o yarmouth_n to_o winterton_n the_o coaft_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o northwest_n two_o league_n to_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o the_o sand_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o within_o to_o the_o northwards_o sail_n alongst_o by_o the_o land_n and_o keep_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o have_v the_o a_o light-house_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o castor_n one_o in_o the_o other_o castor_n castor_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v fire_n in_o they_o and_o then_o shall_v you_o run_v over_o a_o flat_a without_o the_o buoy_z which_o lie_v upon_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o barber_n barber_n barber_n sail_n bold_o in_o with_o the_o aforesaid_a light-house_n until_o you_o come_v again_o near_o the_o shore_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n be_v come_v by_o the_o shore_n run_v again_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o keep_v the_o sound_a as_o before_o till_o you_o come_v before_o winterton_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n from_o orfordness_n to_o wintertonness_n orfordness_n alborough_n dunwich_n walderswick_n soul_n thus_o show_v the_o coast_n of_o england_n between_o orfordness_n and_o sowl-haven_n soul_n covehith_n leystaff_n thus_o show_v the_o land_n between_o soul_n and_o leystaff_n leystaff_n yarmouth_n winterton_n thus_o show_v the_o coast_n betwixt_o leystaff_n and_o winterton_n to_o sail_v by_o wintertonness_n this_o ness_n former_o have_v be_v very_a shoal_n and_o dangerous_a but_o now_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o so_o that_o ship_n may_v run_v between_o the_o ness_n and_o the_o main_n and_o you_o will_v have_v three_o fathom_v water_n at_o half-flood_n but_o if_o you_o sail_n without_o the_o ness_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n between_o it_o and_o a_o middleground_n and_o the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o through_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o small_a light-house_n one_o into_o another_o and_o keep_v the_o great_a light-house_n south_n of_o you_o so_o you_o will_v keep_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n to_o sail_v from_o wintertonness_n to_o stamford_n first_o you_o must_v steer_v north_n and_o north_n by_o east_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n where_o you_o must_v give_v the_o shore_n more_o birth_n and_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o or_o fix_v fathom_n and_o so_o you_o may_v borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o you_o come_v between_o southwold_n and_o covehith_n and_o when_o covehith_n church_n be_v west_n you_o be_v then_o thwart_v of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n it_o lie_v north-east_n into_o the_o sea_n bernard_n bernard_n and_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v 〈…〉_o open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o 〈…〉_o there_o way_n you_o steer_v with_o the_o town_n of_o leystaff_n 〈…〉_o the_o light-house_n in_o one_o to_o go_v within_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o 〈◊〉_d beacon_n one_o in_o another_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v iâ—_n 〈◊〉_d goulstone_n steeple_n open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o waters-eâ—â—â—_a and_o beach-end_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o the_o best_a also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n serve_v you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o a_o hom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n or_o newcome_n for_o they_o point_v both_o together_o and_o have_v paâ—gfield-church_n west_n you_o may_v go_v in_o with_o the_o shore_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o into_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom-water_n as_o you_o please_v and_o to_o go_v through_o the_o stamford_n bring_v the_o top_n of_o the_o terret_n on_o the_o clockhouse_n over_o the_o white_a house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n to_o sail_v through_o yarmouth-road_n to_o the_o northwards_o first_o to_o turn_v between_o the_o cork-sand_n and_o the_o shore_n come_v no_o near_o the_o sand_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n castorness_n castorness_n it_o need_v be_v and_o so_o you_o may_v keep_v until_o you_o come_v to_o castorness_n and_o so_o run_v until_o the_o two_o light-house_n be_v both_o into_o one_o the_o shoal_a of_o the_o ness_n be_v a_o masquetshot_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o light-house_n the_o spit_n lie_v off_o the_o shore_n and_o on_o the_o cork_n you_o may_v borrow_v into_o six_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o holms_n in_o ten_o fathom_n for_o it_o be_v all_o steep_a too_o and_o the_o shoal_a of_o wintertonness_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v south-west_n be_v thwart_a of_o the_o steeple_n a_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o shoal_n whereon_o be_v but_o two_o fachom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n but_o within_o or_o without_o there_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n be_v at_o haseborough_n your_o course_n with_o flambrough-head_n be_v northwest_o and_o south_n east_n as_o you_o take_v the_o tide_n for_o the_o flood_n set_v over_o burnaâ—-flat_a and_o the_o ebb_n cross_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o northwest_o as_o you_o can_v see_v haseborough-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o high_a steeple_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v have_v ten_o fathom_v water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v it_o s.s.e._n then_o cromer_n steeple_n will_v be_v s.s.w._n and_o be_v in_o this_o course_n half_a way_n over_o the_o well_o you_o shall_v have_v sometime_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o sometime_o
and_o harwich_n and_o orfordness_n a_o s.s.e._n moon_n make_v high-water_n without_o the_o bank_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o before_o cromer_n a_o southeast_n moon_n make_v high-water_n between_o the_o bank_n of_o harwich_n and_o the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o flow_v south_n and_o ebb_n north._n thwart_v of_o the_o bank_n of_o winterton_n and_o cromer_n it_o flow_v s.s.e._n and_o ebb_v n.n.w._n of_o the_o tide_n and_o set_v of_o the_o current_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n the_o flood_n run_v to_o the_o reculver_n and_o over_o the_o brake_n w.s.w._n and_o west_n by_o south_n without_o about_o the_o goodwin_n towards_o the_o kentish-knock_a the_o flood_n fall_v north_n by_o west_n and_o n.n.w._n there_o come_v also_o a_o flood_n from_o the_o northwards_o and_o meet_v one_o another_o by_o the_o galloper_n with_o a_o very_a great_a ripling_n and_o noise_n from_o which_o this_o bank_n be_v call_v the_o galloper_n and_o set_v to_o the_o westward_n into_o the_o sand_n and_o channel_n and_o also_o to_o the_o eastward_o towards_o flanders_n between_o the_o north-foreland_n and_o oxfordness_n the_o stream_n set_v s.s.e._n when_o you_o be_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o galloper_n and_o can_v reckon_v no_o other_o ebb_n than_o that_o which_o run_v along_o england_n to_o the_o northwards_o the_o stream_n fall_v there_o all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o southward_n of_o the_o galloper_n the_o ebb_n set_v to_o the_o southward_n and_o the_o flood_n to_o the_o northward_o course_n and_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n to_o cocquet-island_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o goodwin_n the_o course_n be_v east_n by_o south_n a_o league_n and_o half_a from_o the_o north-foreland_n to_o the_o kentish_a knock_n north_n by_o east_n and_o n.n.e._n 4_o or_o 5_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o orfordness_n north_n 12_o league_n from_o the_o foreland_n to_o the_o galloper_n n._n e._n by_o north_n 9_o league_n from_o the_o galloper_n to_o orfordness_n n.n.w._n 10_o league_n from_o alborough_n to_o covehith_n north_n by_o east_n 5_o league_n from_o covehith_n to_o leystaff_n north_n 2_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o leystaff_n to_o yarmouth_n south_n 3_o league_n from_o winterton_n to_o haseborough_n 2_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o yarmouth_n to_o winterton_n n.n.w._n 2_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o cromer_n to_o blakney_n n.n.w._n 3_o or_o 4_o league_n from_o blakney_n to_o bornham_n to_o sail_v through_o within_o the_o sand_n west_n 6_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o bornham_n to_o chappel-land_n w.s.w._n 2_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o chappel-land_n to_o boston-knock_a or_o the_o north_n point_v of_o boston-deep_a n.w._n by_o north_n 5_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o spurn_n north_n and_o north_n by_o west_n 6_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o spurn_n to_o flamborough-head_n n._n n._n w._n 9_o league_n thwart_v course_n over_o sea_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n to_o flushing_n east_n somewhat_o northerly_a about_o 26_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o foreland_n to_o the_o maze_n e.n.e._n or_o somewhat_o easterly_a 33_o league_n from_o the_o foreland_n to_o the_o texel_n or_o the_o mase-deep_a n.e._n 45_o league_n from_o the_o naze_n or_o harwich_n to_o the_o maze_n east_n 29_o league_n from_o orfordness_n to_o the_o texel_n e.n.e._n 37_o league_n from_o yarmouth_n or_o leystaff_n to_o walcheren_n or_o the_o weiling_n s._n e._n and_o s._n e._n by_o south_n 39_o league_n from_o the_o point_n of_o cromer_n or_o shield_n to_o the_o texel_n east_n 41_o league_n from_o the_o spurn_n to_o the_o texel_n east_n by_o south_n and_o e.s.e._n 59_o league_n from_o tinmouth_n to_o scutness_n n._n e._n 103_o league_n from_o tinmouth_n to_o the_o naze_n in_o norway_n n._n e._n by_o east_n somewhat_o easterly_a 102_o league_n from_o tinmouth_n to_o the_o scaw_n e.n.e._n 135_o league_n from_o tinmouth_n to_o holy-island_n east_n by_o south_n somewhat_o easterly_a 106_o league_n a_o table_n show_v what_o moon_n make_v full_a sea_n and_o set_v of_o the_o tide_n upon_o the_o north-coast_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coast_n and_o headland_n what_o moon_n make_v full_a sea_n how_o the_o tide_n set_v by_o the_o land_n how_o the_o tide_n set_v seven_o league_n off_o the_o land_n how_o the_o tide_n set_v nine_o league_n off_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n at_o the_o kentish-knock_a long-sand-head_n south-south-east_n and_o south_n by_o east_n south-south-east_n south_n by_o east_n south_n by_o west_n at_o harwich_n orfordness_n and_o haven_n s.e._n by_o s._n &_o s.s.e._n s.e._n by_o south_n north_n and_o south_n s._n s._n w._n yarmouth-road_n and_o haven_n s._n e._n by_o south_n and_o s._n s._n e._n s._n s._n e._n north_n and_o south_n south_n by_o west_n winterton_n cromer_n and_o blakney_n e._n s._n e._n east_n by_o south_n s._n e._n by_o east_n e._n s._n e._n south_n by_o east_n e._n s._n e._n s.s.e._n and_o s._n by_o e._n southeast_n humber-mouth_n lin_n and_o boston-deeps_a east_n and_o west_n east_n by_o south_n e._n s._n e._n s._n w._n and_o n.e._n flamborough-head_n and_o bridlington_n w._n s._n w._n east_n and_o west_n west_n by_o north._n s._n e._n by_o south_n direction_n for_o pilote_v a_o ship_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o hope_n over_o the_o flat_n to_o the_o down_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o westward_a alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n as_o far_o as_o silly_a show_v the_o mark_n for_o go_v into_o the_o most_o eminent_a harbour_n with_o a_o perfect_a tyde-table_n show_v what_o time_n it_o be_v full_a sea_n in_o all_o these_o port_n and_o how_o long_o and_o upon_o what_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o tide_n run_v in_o the_o channel_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o tilbury-hope_a down_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n when_o you_o break_v ground_n from_o tilbury-hope_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a keep_v the_o south_n shore_n close_o aboard_o but_o be_v careful_a of_o blith-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o kentish-shore_n and_o according_o observe_v these_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o hopeness_n hopeness_n if_o in_o the_o day_n time_n keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o tilbury-church_n a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n without_o hopeness_n alias_o sands-head-point_n if_o in_o the_o night_n or_o hazy-weather_n keep_v your_o lead_n and_o come_v not_o within_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o at_o high-water_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a without_o blith-sand_n blith-sand_n blith-sand_n and_o will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o nower-head_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a than_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o north_n shore_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o until_o you_o come_v as_o low_o as_o hole-haven_n and_o so_o keep_v the_o sounding_n aforesaid_a you_o may_v run_v down_o to_o the_o nower_n where_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n at_o the_o east_n end_v thereof_o mark_n mark_n the_o mark_n for_o to_o keep_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v prickelwel-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n by_o the_o waterside_n and_o there_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o sail_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o sheerness_n up_o the_o west-swale_a first_o you_o must_v steer_v south-west_n by_o west_n than_o w.s.w._n till_o you_o bring_v open_v a_o low_a point_n upon_o the_o isle_n of_o graen_n call_v black-stake_n whereon_o stand_v two_o little_a house_n keep_v this_o point_n and_o sheer-ness_a one_o in_o another_o and_o you_o will_v sail_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o ness_n where_o you_o will_v find_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o cant._n cant._n you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o cant_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v within_o half_a a_o mile_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o fort_n upon_o sheerness_n sheerness_n sheerness_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o shoal_n about_o a_o cable_n length_n of_o which_o care_n must_v be_v take_v of_o not_o come_v too_o near_o the_o shore_n be_v within_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n where_o you_o please_v only_o the_o east_n side_n be_v all_o flar_n have_v but_o 1_o 2_o 3_o and_z 4_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o nower-sand_n be_v steep_a too_o nower_n nower_n in_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o the_o sand_n and_o also_o near_o to_o the_o ness_n be_v steep_a too_o in_o 10_o 11_o and_z 12_o fathom_n for_o to_o sail_v into_o quinborough_n if_o you_o be_v come_v down_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o bind_v for_o quinborough_n or_o the_o river_n of_o medway_n and_o be_v come_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o nower-sand_n run_v down_o to_o the_o
ship_n length_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o broad-stair_n peer-head_n or_o borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n by_o the_o lead_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o so_o take_v the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a tide_n without_o the_o sand_n you_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o south-eastwards_a until_o you_o bring_v the_o south-foreland_n west_n by_o south_n from_o you_o south-sand-head_n south-sand-head_n than_o cast_v about_o and_o you_o shall_v weather_n the_o south-sand-head_n and_o be_v in_o the_o downs-road_n before_o any_o other_o ship_n that_o part_v with_o you_o at_o the_o foreland_n to_o turn_v through_o the_o gull_n gull_n to_o turn_v through_o the_o gull_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n viz._n the_o long_a mark_n to_o go_v without_o the_o goodwin-sand_n come_v from_o the_o southwestward_n be_v foulstone-steeple_n open_a of_o dover-land_n or_o the_o high_a cliff_n of_o dover_n open_a of_o the_o foreland_n these_o be_v shut_v in_o you_o run_v right_a upon_o it_o the_o direct_v thwart_o mark_n of_o the_o south-sand-head_n be_v ring-joul_a church_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n right_a over_o the_o valley_n or_o village_n of_o kings-down_a and_o then_o the_o wood_n end_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o church_n will_v be_v right_a over_o the_o white_a mark_n of_o the_o gull_n run_v over_o in_o this_o mark_n you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southward_a as_o to_o bring_v the_o wood_n end_v aforesaid_a right_n over_o the_o valley_n of_o kings-down_a you_o shall_v have_v five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o round_a grove_n of_o tree_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n right_v over_o against_o the_o valley_n of_o ramsgate_n than_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v within_o the_o sand_n or_o if_o you_o be_v turn_v out_o you_o can_v keep_v deal-church_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o sand-down_a castle_n you_o may_v likewise_o steer_v out_o with_o that_o mark_n and_o it_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_v out_o the_o sand_n be_v flat_a and_o fair_a shoal_v both_o at_o the_o south_n and_o north-head_n but_o steep_a too_o on_o the_o east_n side_n to_o sail_v through_o the_o gull_n the_o gull_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o run_v between_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o the_o brake_n and_o therefore_o the_o mark_n to_o bring_v you_o through_o the_o down_n go_v to_o the_o northwards_o be_v these_o you_o must_v keep_v st._n margets-church_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o south-foreland_a on_o a_o piece_n of_o wall_n that_o be_v build_v near_o the_o three_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o south-foreland_n or_o else_o to_o bring_v the_o light-house_n in_o the_o south-swamp_n which_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o through_o the_o gull_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n between_o the_o goodwin_n and_o the_o brake_n into_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n water_n borrow_v on_o the_o brake_n in_o seven_o fathom_n and_o no_o near_o the_o bune-head_n than_o ten_o fathom_n bunt-head_n bunt-head_n and_o between_o the_o bunt-head_n and_o the_o north-sand-head_n in_o eight_o fathom_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o the_o north-foreland_n through_o the_o gull_n in_o the_o night_n if_o your_o ground_n tackle_n shall_v fail_v you_o in_o the_o night_n ride_v at_o the_o north-foreland_n as_o very_o often_o have_v happen_v to_o divers_a ship_n and_o that_o you_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o tide_n weather_n the_o north-sand-head_n if_o you_o can_v but_o see_v the_o north-foreland_n light_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v that_o light-house_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o northwest_o or_o northwest_n by_o north_n then_o bear_v over_o into_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n and_o be_v in_o that_o depth_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o will_v steer_v to_o the_o southward_a s._n s._n w._n carry_v you_o direct_o through_o with_o the_o brake_n but_o keep_v your_o lead_n careful_o and_o borrow_v no_o near_a the_o brake_n then_o five_o fathom_n nor_o go_v not_o without_o nine_o fathom_n or_o nine_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a as_o you_o have_v that_o tide_n under_o you_o and_o this_o course_n will_v lead_v you_o through_o without_o danger_n direction_n for_o dover-road_n and_o so_o to_o dongeness_n and_o to_o the_o westward_n to_o beachy_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n the_o best_a ground_n in_o dover-road_n be_v with_o the_o white_a way_n to_o the_o north-westward_n of_o dover-castle_n dover-road_n mark_v to_o ride_v in_o dover-road_n or_o between_o that_o hill_n that_o come_v from_o st._n james_n church_n which_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o dover_n town_n for_o a_o thwart_a mark_n and_o in_o what_o depth_n you_o please_v from_o seven_o to_o fourteen_o fathom_n thwart_v of_o foulstone_n in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o fathom_n you_o shall_v find_v very_o good_a ground_n likewise_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v ride_v in_o very_o good_a ground_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o set_v sail_n with_o a_o landerly_a wind_n do_v not_o come_v near_o the_o ness_n for_o there_o lie_v a_o bank_n within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n dongeness_n bank_n near_o dongeness_n that_o have_v not_o above_o fourteen_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n in_o ordinary_a tide_n likewise_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o ness_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n alongst_o the_o channel_n that_o have_v not_o above_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o within_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v seven_o fathom_n likewise_o there_o be_v another_o riff_o or_o spit_v that_o do_v trend_a off_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ness_n s._n s._n e._n into_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v dangerous_a for_o a_o ship_n of_o draught_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o borrow_v close_o to_o the_o ness_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n also_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o westward_n or_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n in_o a_o ship_n of_o draught_n be_v not_o covetous_a of_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o land_n for_o between_o fairley_n and_o beachy_a thwart_a of_o the_o castle_n of_o pemsy_n there_o lie_v divers_a reaches_n or_o overfall_n thwart_o the_o channel_n very_o little_a within_o the_o fair-way_n for_o beachy_a bear_n from_o you_o west_n by_o south_n half_a south_n and_o pemsy_a castle_n n._n n._n e._n from_o you_o there_o lie_v one_o that_o have_v not_o above_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n near_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n six_o or_o seven_o league_n off_o fairley_n be_v between_o the_o n.n.w._n and_o n.n.e._n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o sow_n sow_n sow_n on_o the_o which_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v not_o above_o seven_o fathom_n the_o fisherman_n fish_n under_o it_o who_o may_v affright_v one_o in_o thick_a weather_n under_o beachy_a you_o may_v anchor_v to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o against_o a_o village_n call_v east-seaford_a for_o a_o westerly_a wind_n in_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n thwart_v of_o a_o town_n call_v seaford_n the_o west_n ford_n of_o all_o the_o ford_n you_o may_v bring_v beachy_a in_o these_o depth_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o between_o the_o southeast_n by_o east_n and_o the_o east_n by_o south_n ten_o fathom_n beachy_a a_o rock_n near_o beachy_a there_o lie_v a_o rock_n a_o good_a birth_n from_o the_o shore_n thwart_v of_o a_o open_a bay_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o beachy_a between_o the_o seven_o cliff_n and_o beachy_a point_n to_o avoid_v this_o rock_n you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o come_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n then_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n yet_o all_o alongst_o the_o shore_n between_o seaford_n and_o arundel_n you_o shall_v find_v very_o fair_a shoal_v especial_o as_o far_o as_o shoram_n you_o must_v stand_v to_o the_o shore_n to_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o good_a ground_n for_o to_o anchor_n in_o if_o occasion_n require_v but_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o that_o it_o be_v flat_a off_o the_o shore_n a_o league_n or_o two_o off_o you_o shall_v not_o in_o some_o place_n have_v above_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o south_n off_o from_o arundel_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o east-barrow-head_n which_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o spring-tyde_n near_o upon_o the_o length_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o westward_n from_o shoram_n go_v s.s.w._n into_o the_o sea_n until_o you_o bring_v yourself_o into_o eighteen_o fathom_n deep_a of_o water_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bold_o steer_v w._n s._n w._n and_o that_o course_n in_o this_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n owers_n owers_n you_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o fathom_n close_o by_o this_o shoal_n from_o this_o to_o the_o owers_n it_o be_v about_o two_o league_n w._n s
w._n come_v no_o near_o unto_o they_o than_o 12_o or_o 14_o fathom_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n between_o east-borrough-head_n and_o the_o owers_n about_o half_a a_o league_n northwest_o from_o the_o east-borrough-head_n there_o lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n on_o the_o which_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n owers_n thwart_v mark_n for_o the_o owers_n the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o owers_n be_v chichester_n spire_n steeple_n n.n.w._n from_o you_o and_o for_o the_o other_o side_n of_o they_o for_o a_o long_a mark_n mark._n the_o long_a mark._n set_v the_o point_n of_o donnose_n with_o your_o compass_n it_o will_v bear_v direct_o west_n by_o south_n half_a south_n donnose_n w._n s._n w._n be_v right_a upon_o they_o to_o avoid_v these_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n be_v sure_a to_o keep_v in_o eighteen_o fathom_n or_o more_o also_o if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n you_o must_v not_o steer_v east_n by_o north_n or_o keep_v yourself_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a depth_n some_o that_o have_v be_v deceive_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o be_v close_o aboard_o of_o donnese_n have_v steer_v east_n by_o north_n and_o e._n n._n e._n not_o regard_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n which_o set_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n they_o have_v be_v in_o shoal_n water_n on_o the_o owers_n before_o they_o think_v of_o they_o to_o sail_v into_o the_o camber_a of_o rye_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o cambes_n of_o rye_n come_v from_o the_o west_n you_o must_v keep_v beachy_a from_o the_o point_n of_o fairlee_n and_o run_v so_o towards_o the_o ness_n then_o edge_n up_o to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v the_o beacon_n on_o the_o starboard_n until_o you_o come_v before_o camber_n castle_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o souther_a shindle_n there_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n from_o thence_o alongst_o even_o unto_o the_o town_n of_o rye_n it_o be_v all_o set_v with_o beacon_n that_o stand_v alongst_o the_o east_n shindle_n unto_o the_o dary_n which_o at_o low-water_n fall_v dry_a dary_n dary_n in_o sail_v into_o rye_n you_o must_v leave_v all_o the_o beacon_n on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o run_v indifferent_a close_o alongst_o by_o they_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n and_o beachy_a lie_n w._n s._n w._n and_o e._n n._n e._n distant_a seven_o league_n beachy_a lie_n by_o the_o seven_o white_a clist_n the_o best_a know_a land_n a_o man_n can_v see_v any_o where_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o beachy_a you_o may_v anchor_v for_o westerly_a wind_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n so_o that_o the_o point_n be_v south_n and_o south_n by_o west_n from_o you_o to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o point_n of_o beachy_a thwart_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o seven_o cliff_n right_a against_o the_o shindle_n where_o man_n may_v run_v alongst_o into_o new-haven_n you_o may_v also_o anchor_v in_o 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n from_o the_o say_a point_n lie_v a_o little_a shoal_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v at_o low-water_n and_o spring-tyde_n scarce_o two_o fathom_n to_o sail_v into_o new-haven_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o seven_o cliff_n lie_v new-haven_n which_o have_v two_o entrance_n to_o be_v use_v know_v of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v some_o alteration_n of_o this_o â—â—bour_n the_o direction_n for_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v the_o westermost_a lie_v in_o by_o the_o west_n land_n and_o be_v not_o navigable_a but_o only_o by_o small_a vessel_n it_o fall_v altogether_o dry_a at_o low-water_n the_o eastermost_a be_v common_o best_a and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o west_n in_o there_o be_v at_o high-water_n with_o a_o common_a tide_n not_o above_o seven_o and_o at_o spring-tyde_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o foot_n within_o the_o ship_n lie_v every_o tide_n dry_a except_o before_o the_o village_n they_o remain_v afloat_o where_o they_o moor_v with_o four_o cable_n fast_o on_o two_o green_a shore_n upon_o these_o entrance_n you_o can_v well_o make_v any_o reckon_n for_o they_o keep_v no_o certain_a depth_n for_o with_o southerly_a wind_n and_o stormy_a weather_n they_o be_v often_o cast_v too_o with_o a_o shindle_n and_o open_v again_o with_o a_o freeshut_n to_o sail_v into_o shorum_n shorum_fw-la be_v a_o tydehaven_n where_o be_v at_o high-water_n and_o spring-tyde_n eighteen_o foot_n but_o at_o low-water_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o than_o three_o foot_n for_o it_o flow_v fifteen_o foot_n up_o and_o down_o there_o be_v twelve_o foot_n at_o high-water_n and_o three_o foot_n at_o common_a tide_n the_o town_n of_o shorum_n lie_v almost_o a_o mile_n within_o the_o haven_n vessel_n that_o draw_v but_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n can_v lie_v afloat_o a_o little_a below_o the_o town_n at_o low-water_n or_o else_o they_o lie_v dry_v every_o where_o when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n from_o beachy_a or_o new-haven_n alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v see_v open_a into_o the_o haven_n before_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o it_o but_o come_v from_o the_o westward_n you_o shall_v not_o see_v it_o open_a before_o you_o come_v right_a against_o it_o because_o the_o west_n point_n lie_v somewhat_o far_o out_o than_o the_o east_n point_n from_o the_o west_n point_n run_v off_o a_o little_a tail_n but_o at_o high-water_n you_o may_v run_v in_o alongst_o over_o it_o otherwise_o you_o must_v run_v in_o by_o the_o east_n shore_n upon_o the_o east_n point_v stand_v two_o beacon_n which_o you_o must_v bring_v one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o so_o run_v in_o right_n with_o they_o until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o then_o in_o alongst_o by_o it_o to_o sail_v into_o arundel_n about_o six_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o new-haven_n lie_v arundel_n a_o tydehaven_n where_o a_o ship_n may_v go_v in_o at_o half-flood_n you_o must_v go_v in_o there_o by_o the_o west_n land_n north-east_n in_o in_o the_o entry_n it_o be_v two_o and_o between_o the_o land_n three_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n but_o within_o the_o haven_n remain_v at_o low-water_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n there_o you_o must_v anchor_v before_o the_o village_n between_o seaford_n and_o arundel_n you_o will_v find_v very_o good_a shoaling_n especial_o as_o far_o as_o shorum_n you_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o shore_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o good_a ground_n to_o anchor_n if_o occasion_n require_v but_o to_o the_o westward_a of_o that_o it_o be_v flat_a off_o the_o shore_n a_o league_n or_o two_o off_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v above_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n south_n of_o arundel_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n there_o lie_v a_o bank_n call_v east-borrough-head_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n which_o dri_v at_o low-water_n at_o spring-tyde_n near_o upon_o a_o furlong_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o southward_n from_o shorum_n run_v s._n s._n w._n into_o the_o sea_n until_o you_o get_v eighteen_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v bold_o w._n s._n w._n and_o that_o course_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o owers_n close_o by_o this_o shoal_n you_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o fathom_n betwixt_o the_o owers_n and_o portsmouth_n go_v a_o great_a sound_n or_o haven_n with_o it_o lie_v the_o town_n of_o chichester_n mark_v to_o go_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n if_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n you_o desire_v to_o go_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n then_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o culvers-cliff_n which_o be_v a_o white_a chalk_n cliff_n without_o st._n helen_n w._n n._n w._n then_o you_o may_v steer_v in_o right_a with_o it_o towards_o st._n helen_n point_n in_o this_o course_n you_o shall_v meet_v divers_a overfall_n whereon_o you_o water_n will_v shoal_n 1_o 2_o or_o 3_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o be_v come_v out_o of_o wight_n with_o a_o flood_n bind_v for_o the_o eastward_n then_o especial_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o flood_n when_o you_o be_v without_o st._n helen_n steer_v off_o s._n s._n e._n and_o south_n by_o east_n if_o the_o wind_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o abovesaid_a cliff_n to_o bear_v northwest_o by_o west_n and_o northwest_n then_o steer_v off_o southeast_n by_o east_n or_o southeast_n until_o you_o come_v to_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o fathom_n a_o certain_a depth_n before_o you_o steer_v away_o east_n by_o north_n for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o flood_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o indraught_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n set_v in_o from_o donnose_n north-east_n by_o north_n and_o north-east_n as_o far_o to_o the_o eastward_n as_o the_o owers_n if_o in_o the_o channel_n some_o five_o league_n from_o donnose_n southeast_n there_o be_v a_o thwart_a ledge_n or_o a_o overfall_n
on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o seven_o fathom_n in_o some_o place_n if_o any_o shall_v meet_v with_o this_o shoal_n come_v into_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v fright_v they_o for_o within_o a_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 30_o fathom_n and_o upward_o direction_n for_o pilote_v a_o ship_n in_o at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o to_o portsmouth-harbour_n and_o also_o for_o hampton-water_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n with_o a_o northerly_a wind_n and_o bind_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n or_o portsmouth_n after_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o shoal_n call_v the_o owers_n as_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a direction_n you_o may_v hale_v in_o northwest_n with_o st._n helen_n point_n but_o do_v not_o cover_v to_o hale_v too_o much_o to_o the_o northwards_o for_o there_o lie_v a_o bank_n off_o longstone_n haven_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v not_o above_o thirteen_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n but_o keep_v of_o your_o lead_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n carry_v you_o clear_a without_o it_o and_o will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o southeast_n end_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o horse_n horse_n horse_n st._n helen_n church_n south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o you_o may_v run_v in_o in_o five_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o westermost_a great_a white_a patch_n or_o chalk_n upon_o parch-down_a which_o be_v the_o high_a land_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o portsmouth_n a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o south-sea-castle_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o beach_n than_o you_o may_v be_v bold_a to_o luff_fw-mi up_o for_o you_o be_v then_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o steer_v with_o that_o mark_n it_o will_v lead_v you_o in_o alongst_o the_o horse_n until_o you_o come_v unto_o the_o beach_n and_o so_o into_o the_o harbour_n of_o portsmouth_n keep_v alongst_o close_a to_o the_o shore_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o town_n wall_n end_n and_o there_o you_o must_v bear_v off_o a_o little_a for_o a_o flat_a that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n this_o be_v for_o a_o easterly_a wind._n and_o if_o you_o intend_v for_o stokes-bay_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o fire-beacon_n on_o brown_n down_o which_o be_v to_o the_o w._n n._n westward_n of_o hazle-wood_n point_n within_o a_o ship_n length_n without_o the_o say_a point_n than_o you_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o westward_n alongst_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o spit-head_n which_o be_v the_o shoal_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o entry_n of_o portsmouth-haven_n if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a or_o southerly_a and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o westward_n and_o will_v go_v into_o st._n hellens-road_n or_o stokes-bay_n from_o donnose_n to_o st._n helen_n point_n your_o course_n be_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o n._n n._n e._n but_o borrow_v no_o near_o to_o st._n helen_n than_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n for_o the_o spit_n lie_v off_o a_o great_a way_n but_o if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n that_o you_o may_v keep_v the_o castle_n call_v sand-down-castle_n open_v of_o the_o culver-cliff_n that_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o without_o the_o spit_n of_o the_o point_n and_o steer_v alongst_o in_o this_o mark_n until_o you_o open_v st._n helen_n church_n some_o four_o sail_n breadth_n or_o two_o ship_n length_n open_a of_o the_o red_a cliff_n within_o st._n helen_n point_n or_o port-sea-castle_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o south-sea-castle_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o point_n and_o may_v steer_v unto_o st._n helen_n road_n northwest_o and_o have_v bring_v the_o point_n south_n by_o west_n or_o between_o that_o and_o the_o south_n by_o east_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n very_o good_a ground_n note_v this_o that_o you_o have_v no_o good_a clear_a ground_n all_o alongst_o the_o island_n until_o you_o have_v open_v st._n helen_n church_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o have_v bring_v the_o point_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o s._n s._n w._n from_o st._n helen_n point_n to_o go_v between_o nomans-land_n and_o the_o hearse_n your_o direct_a course_n in_o be_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o northwest_n but_o you_o have_v no_o shoal_v upon_o the_o south-west_n side_n on_o nomans-land_n for_o you_o shall_v have_v sixteen_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v but_o three_o but_o at_o the_o horse_n you_o may_v stand_v in_o ten_o nine_o or_o eight_o fathom_n if_o the_o strong_a tide_n be_v bend_v and_o smooth_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a wash_n of_o they_o by_o the_o overfall_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o wash_n of_o they_o both_o but_o especial_o on_o nomans-land_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n there_o be_v very_o good_a mark_n to_o lead_v you_o in_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v keep_v the_o two_o windmill_n on_o the_o down_n on_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n that_o you_o may_v see_v they_o clear_v over_o all_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v between_o you_o and_o they_o but_o no_o more_o above_o they_o then_o even_o clear_a and_o this_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o in_o and_o so_o up_o alongst_o the_o island_n without_o some_o middleground_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o w._n s._n westward_o of_o the_o point_n of_o nomans-land_n also_o from_o st._n helen_n point_n you_o have_v if_o it_o be_v clear_a wether_n that_o you_o can_v see_v it_o a_o direct_a mark_n viz._n a_o piece_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n heretofore_o call_v hazle-wood-castle_n stand_v on_o gilkeke_a point_n which_o of_o late_o be_v keep_v white_a keep_v gosbere_n church_n and_o that_o both_o in_o one_o or_o this_o mark_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o wood_n about_o the_o church_n which_o show_v with_o a_o valley_n like_o a_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v run_v direct_o in_o without_o fear_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v so_o that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v in_o than_o you_o may_v turn_v the_o say_a mark_n within_o two_o sail_n breadth_n of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o shall_v have_v eighteen_o fathom_v water_n and_o if_o so_o be_v that_o you_o bring_v the_o say_v mark_n right_o under_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o wood_n you_o shall_v run_v in_o a_o middleground_n near_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v not_o above_o ten_o foot_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n and_o hard_a sand._n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o nomans-land_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o northermost_a point_n of_o nomans-land_n be_v the_o eastermost_a windmill_n upon_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n right_a over_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o valley_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o north-westward_n of_o the_o point_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o st._n helen_n church_n and_o have_v bring_v this_o mill_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o say_a valley_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v to_o the_o westward_o or_o with_o nomans-land_n and_o may_v steer_v alongst_o the_o island_n towards_o stokes-bay_n or_o the_o cow_n if_o you_o will_v anchor_v in_o stokes-bay_n stocks-bay_n mark_n to_o anthor_n in_o stocks-bay_n bring_v south-sea_n castle_n over_o the_o point_n of_o the_o beach_n of_o gilkeker_n for_o your_o long_a mark_n and_o the_o church_n of_o gosper_v open_a between_o the_o tree_n there_o you_o shall_v have_v very_o good_a ground_n and_o twelve_o fathom_n deep_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o turn_v up_o to_o stokes-bay_n or_o the_o cow_n you_o may_v stand_v over_o to_o the_o spâ—t-head_n into_o nine_o eight_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n into_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n but_o between_o nomans-land_n and_o rid_v you_o shall_v meet_v with_o two_o or_o three_o middle-ground_n on_o which_o you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o then_o six_o fathom_n and_o over_o the_o other_o two_o three_o fathom_n and_o the_o like_a depth_n between_o they_o and_o so_o to_o the_o southward_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v have_v six_o fathom_v not_o far_o from_o the_o dry_a owze_n off_o ride_v but_o upon_o the_o northermost_a middleground_n of_o these_o three_o upon_o one_o place_n of_o it_o there_o be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n to_o run_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v the_o westermost_a white_a patch_n of_o parch-down_a right_n over_o hazle-wood-castle_n and_o when_o you_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o westward_n that_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o grove_n of_o tree_n on_o parch-down_a to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a white_a patch_n right_a over_o hazle-wood-castle_n than_o you_o shall_v have_v three_o fathom_n over_o it_o at_o low-water_n but_o if_o you_o anchor_n near_o the_o east_n point_n there_o you_o shall_v have_v deep_a water_n and_o can_v set_v sail_n to_o go_v out_o so_o well_o against_o
allmountwise_o side_n it_o be_v bold_a and_o steep_a too_o if_o come_v from_o the_o westward_o put_v in_o by_o a_o contrary_a wind_n and_o bind_v for_o cat-water_n between_o the_o ram-head_n and_o penley-point_n come_v not_o too_o near_o the_o land_n for_o there_o lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n three_o or_o four_o cable_n length_n and_o more_o from_o the_o shore_n with_o the_o spire_n steeple_n right_a over_o a_o hedge-row_n also_o there_o lie_v a_o rock_n a_o cable_n length_n from_o penley-point_n and_o be_v past_o that_o point_n you_o may_v luff_fw-mi into_o causon-bay_n and_o anchor_n there_o there_o be_v but_o very_o little_a good_a ground_n except_o you_o be_v far_o into_o the_o bay_n to_o sail_v into_o portsmouth_n if_o you_o go_v into_o portsmouth_n you_o must_v go_v within_o a_o stone_n cast_v of_o the_o beach_n porsmouth_n mark_v to_o go_v into_o porsmouth_n and_o keep_v the_o white_a path_n open_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o castle_n go_v so_o near_o the_o beach_n on_o the_o starboard-side_n as_o that_o the_o old_a church_n on_o gosper-side_n may_v enter_v on_o the_o point_n and_o so_o it_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o shoal_n go_v in_o a_o little_a with_o the_o gibbet_n to_o sail_v within_o the_o wight_n in_o thick_a wether_n if_o you_o sail_v between_o the_o wight_n and_o the_o main_a in_o thick_a weather_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o six_o fathom_n off_o st._n helen_n and_o steer_v n.w._n by_o north_n and_o n.n.w._n from_o st._n helen_n point_n until_o you_o have_v 12_o fathom_n and_o then_o you_o steer_v more_o westerly_a as_o you_o may_v find_v your_o depth_n and_o come_v no_o near_o nomans-land_n than_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n in_o that_o depth_n you_o may_v keep_v along_o the_o wight_n side_n if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a but_o if_o it_o be_v large_a you_o must_v keep_v in_o 14_o or_o 15_o fathom_n which_o will_v be_v a_o good_a birth_n from_o both_o side_n and_o so_o steer_v west_n by_o south_n or_o w.s.w._n as_o you_o find_v your_o depth_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o cow_n note_v that_o be_v about_o stokes-bay_n you_o will_v have_v less_o water_n if_o you_o grow_v near_o to_o cow_n there_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o 12_o or_o 14_o fathom_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n where_o be_v good_a oazy_a ground_n to_o sail_v within_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n come_v from_o the_o east_n if_o you_o turn_v in_o at_o the_o eastermost_a end_n of_o the_o island_n to_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o nomans-land_n and_o the_o chain_n you_o must_v keep_v gilkeke_a tower_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o cock-wood_n that_o be_v your_o lead_a mark_n but_o if_o you_o turn_v in_o you_o may_v open_v it_o on_o each_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n not_o open_v it_o on_o either_o side_n you_o may_v stand_v over_o to_o the_o main_a in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o then_o about_o you_o must_v not_o stand_v long_o towards_o either_o shore_n than_o 10_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom_n for_o it_o be_v steep_a too_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v you_o may_v be_v aground_o from_o st._n helen_n point_n be_v the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n run_v off_o a_o riff_o e._n n._n e._n two_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n when_o the_o culver-cliff_n be_v hide_v behind_o the_o north-east_n point_v of_o the_o island_n then_o be_v you_o within_o this_o riff_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n within_o the_o riff_o in_o the_o fair-way_n horse_n mark_n of_o the_o horse_n between_o the_o island_n and_o the_o main_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v the_o horse_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v these_o when_o south-sea-castle_n and_o a_o square_a steeple_n within_o the_o land_n be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o it_o the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v portsmouth-castle_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o wood_n this_o mark_n will_v carry_v you_o betwixt_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o main_a on_o it_o at_o low-water_n you_o will_v have_v but_o ten_o foot_n about_o it_o be_v good_a shoal_v come_v therefore_o no_o near_o than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n when_o st._n helen_n church_n bear_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o than_o the_o southeast_n end_n of_o the_o horse_n bear_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o the_o west_n end_n north_n by_o east_n from_o you_o to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a from_o st._n helen_n to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a from_o st._n helen_n keep_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o you_o can_v see_v the_o windmill_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o high-land_n of_o the_o wight_n open_a of_o the_o say_a land_n lest_o you_o come_v on_o the_o broad_a sand_n call_v nomans-land_n which_o lie_v from_o the_o point_n of_o newport-road_n eastward_o alongst_o the_o shore_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n but_o close_o aboard_o of_o it_o you_o will_v have_v twelve_o fathom_n when_o the_o town_n of_o ride_n and_o the_o windmill_n which_o stand_v s._n s._n w._n from_o it_o be_v both_o in_o one_o then_o be_v you_o thwart_v the_o midst_n of_o it_o if_o you_o come_v so_o near_o the_o shore_n that_o the_o aforesaid_a windmill_n be_v hide_v with_o the_o land_n then_o will_v you_o be_v aground_o against_o it_o but_o as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v open_a you_o need_v not_o fear_v cous-road_n be_v the_o best_a harbour_n in_o the_o wight_n betwixt_o it_o and_o calshot-castle_n lie_v a_o hard_a shoal_n near_a the_o north_n shore_n in_o the_o fairway_n bramble_n bramble_n call_v the_o bramble_n and_o reach_v as_o far_o thwart_v as_o newport_n at_o low-water_n and_o spring-tyde_n it_o fall_v almost_o dry_a than_o you_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o sea_n break_v over_o it_o to_o avoid_v which_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o island_n until_o you_o come_v into_o cows-road_n to_o sail_v into_o stokes-bay_n if_o you_o go_v into_o stokes-bay_n you_o must_v leave_v south-sea-castle_n on_o hyant-wood_n or_o the_o wood_n to_o the_o northeastward_o of_o portsmouth_n and_o then_o steer_v in_o with_o the_o old_a castle_n that_o be_v to_o the_o eastward_a of_o stokes-bay_n keep_v it_o somewhat_o on_o the_o starboard-side_n and_o so_o bear_v in_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o windmill_n on_o porchdown_a half_o a_o sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o white_a cliff_n and_o so_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o bay_n in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n also_o you_o may_v go_v up_o to_o the_o cow_n cows-road_n cows-road_n if_o you_o steer_v with_o it_o keep_v the_o island_n side_n and_o anchor_n with_o the_o castle_n south-west_n from_o you_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n also_o you_o may_v steer_v down_o w._n s._n w._n with_o yarmouth-fore_a road._n yarmouth_n road._n and_o anchor_n s._n s._n w._n from_o it_o half_o a_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n in_o seven_o fathom_n the_o deep_a water_n between_o the_o cow_n and_o stokes-bay_n be_v fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o fathom_n and_o between_o the_o cow_n and_o hurst-castle_n fifteen_o and_o eighteen_o fathom_n also_o you_o may_v anchor_v with_o hurst-castle_n south-west_n by_o west_n hurst-castle_n hurst-castle_n half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n or_o w.s.w._n it_o be_v all_o good_a ground_n to_o sail_v into_o hampton-water_n both_o from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n and_o also_o to_o be_v between_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o bramble_n and_o the_o main_a if_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_n after_o you_o be_v pass_v brown-down_a which_o be_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o stokes-bay_n borrow_v upon_o the_o main_a in_o three_o three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n as_o you_o have_v tie_v under_o you_o but_o three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n be_v the_o best_a depth_n and_o steer_v away_o northwest_o by_o west_n and_o northwest_n and_o wear_v off_o and_o on_o in_o that_o depth_n and_o it_o will_v direct_v you_o in_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n or_o foggy_a wether_n but_o if_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o you_o can_v see_v the_o town_n of_o hampton_n keep_v also_o the_o town_n open_a of_o the_o point_n of_o beach_n on_o hamble-side_n by_o st._n george_n castle_n and_o steer_v in_o that_o mark_n you_o need_v not_o use_v your_o lead_n until_o you_o come_v almost_o unto_o calshot-castle_n and_o the_o main_a of_o hamble_n there_o the_o spit_n of_o owze_n lie_v fair_a off_o but_o fair_a shoal_v upon_o it_o and_o be_v above_o the_o castle_n you_o shall_v have_v nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o anchor_n where_o you_o please_v if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o westward_a in_o a_o ship_n of_o draught_n and_o bind_v for_o hampton-water_n or_o from_o out_o of_o cows-road_n you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o keep_v clear_a of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o bramble_n which_o be_v a_o long_a sand_n that_o lie_v thwart_v of_o
in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n there_o be_v best_a lie_v for_o ship_n that_o draw_v much_o water_n four_o league_n south-west_n by_o south_n from_o foy_n lie_v a_o point_n call_v dead-mans-head_n dead-mans-head_n dead-mans-head_n and_o two_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o it_o lie_v the_o haven_n of_o falmouth_n dead-mans-head_n be_v a_o double_a land_n with_o a_o round_a hill_n which_o to_o the_o westward_n go_v slope_v down_o towards_o the_o west_n end_n stand_v a_o mill_n a_o sharp_a spire_n steeple_n and_o some_o little_a house_n upon_o the_o lead_n a_o little_a to_o the_o westward_a of_o it_o you_o may_v see_v pendennis-castle_n upon_o a_o round_a hommock_n on_o the_o high-land_n this_o land_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v know_v when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n or_o from_o the_o lizard_n upon_o the_o west_n point_v of_o the_o haven_n of_o falmouth_n falmouth_n falmouth_n stand_v a_o castle_n upon_o the_o high-land_n call_v pendennis_n in_o the_o entry_n near_a the_o say_a west_n side_n lie_v a_o great_a rock_n above-water_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o on_o either_o side_n of_o it_o at_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o east_n point_v lie_v also_o some_o rock_n off_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v deep_a water_n and_o most_o room_n in_o go_v in_o therefore_o give_v the_o east_n point_v a_o large_a birth_n you_o will_v have_v seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n castle_n st._n maud_v castle_n keep_v by_o the_o say_a shore_n until_o you_o come_v within_o st._n mandes_n castle_n when_o it_o be_v east_n from_o you_o you_o will_v have_v sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o fathom_n but_o half_o the_o harbour_n over_o towards_o smithick_n be_v but_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n observe_v in_o your_o go_n in_o to_o keep_v the_o manacle_n open_a and_o shut_v on_o the_o point_n of_o falmouth-castle_n and_o so_o must_v you_o keep_v it_o till_o you_o shut_v the_o church_n over_o penny-comquick_a into_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o smithick_n and_o so_o may_v you_o bear_v over_o to_o st._n maudes_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o castle_n east_n lay_v one_o anchor_n in_o eighteen_o fathom_n and_o the_o westermost_a anchor_n in_o four_o fathom_n as_o you_o see_v conveniency_n for_o to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o foresay_a great_a rock_n you_o must_v take_v the_o sounding_n of_o the_o west-land_n which_o the_o castle_n stand_v upon_o in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n be_v somewhat_o within_o the_o rock_n run_v towards_o the_o west-land_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o channel_n be_v six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o half-flood_n but_o in_o the_o channel_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o the_o rock_n seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v if_o when_o you_o come_v before_o st._n maudes_n castle_n you_o will_v go_v into_o mildrid-pool_n mildrod-pool_n mildrod-pool_n you_o must_v steer_v over_o into_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n till_o you_o shut_v the_o point_n of_o the_o manacle_n into_o the_o castle_n and_o open_v it_o not_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o maze_n on_o the_o east_n side_n until_o you_o shut_v penny-comquick_a into_o the_o east_n point_v of_o smithick_n and_o then_o steer_v on_o the_o east_n side_n into_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o fathom_n against_o the_o middle_a hedge_n end_n on_o the_o east_n point_v of_o mildred-pool_n for_o than_o you_o shall_v have_v shoal_n water_n but_o the_o low_o down_o the_o deep_a note_v that_o moagan_a church_n which_o be_v above_o penny-comquick_a be_v enter_v on_o the_o southermost_a house_n of_o the_o say_a town_n then_o be_v you_o near_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o maze_n four_o league_n south_n by_o west_n from_o falmouth_n lie_v the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o lizard_n betwixt_o they_o lie_v a_o haven_n call_v helford_n which_o ship_n do_v little_a frequent_a at_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n lie_v a_o steep_a point_n and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n a_o low_a sharp_a point_n within_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o south_n side_n stand_v a_o gentleman_n house_n beneath_o at_o the_o strand_n and_o upon_o the_o hill_n stand_v tree_n you_o must_v keep_v these_o one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o run_v so_o amid_o the_o channel_n into_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o north_n side_n stand_v also_o two_o or_o three_o tree_n when_o these_o come_v a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o a_o little_a house_n that_o stand_v in_o a_o white_a sandy_a bay_n thereupon_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o also_o amid_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v a_o short_a inlet_n be_v come_v within_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n upon_o the_o south_n side_n stand_v also_o a_o sharp_a tower_n and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n a_o little_a castle_n on_o the_o steep_a land_n to_o sail_v into_o mounts-bay_n if_o you_o be_v come_v out_o of_o falmouth_n bind_v to_o the_o westward_a as_o into_o mounts-bay_n with_o a_o easterly_a wind_n be_v not_o covetous_a of_o keep_v too_o near_o the_o lizard_n shore_n especial_o at_o the_o manacle_n for_o there_o be_v sink_v rock_n without_o the_o manacle_n to_o avoid_v which_o open_v the_o land_n short_a of_o they_o you_o shall_v see_v a_o spire_n steeple_n call_v st._n keveren_n be_v sure_a therefore_o to_o keep_v so_o far_o off_o the_o shore_n that_o you_o may_v see_v all_o the_o spire_n of_o the_o say_a steeple_n above_o the_o land_n and_o so_o shall_v you_o go_v without_o they_o clear_a of_o danger_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o lizard_n point_n from_o whence_o there_o lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n which_o all_o show_v themselves_o at_o low-water_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n 〈…〉_o new_o correct_v by_o john_n seller_n 〈…〉_o a_o chart_n of_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n from_o portland_n to_o silly_n describe_v all_o the_o roads_n havens_n and_o harbour_n with_o all_o the_o sand_n depth_n and_o sounding_n along_o the_o coast_n new_o correct_v by_o john_n seller_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o marrinors_n compass_n at_o the_o hermitage_n stair_n in_o wapping_n for_o to_o sail_v into_o mounts-bay_n come_v from_o the_o landsend_n or_o the_o lizard_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o clear_a all_o over_o and_o fine_a sand_n until_o you_o come_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o the_o shore_n between_o 20_o and_o 23_o fathom_n to_o ride_v at_o anchor_n in_o guavas-lake_n you_o must_v be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o westward_o as_o that_o you_o have_v the_o steeple_n of_o paul_n to_o bear_v from_o you_o w._n n._n w._n but_o if_o be_v far_o to_o the_o eastward_a that_o the_o say_a church_n do_v stand_v n._n w._n by_o north_n somewhat_o westerly_a from_o you_o than_o you_o have_v no_o clear_a ground_n be_v near_o the_o west-land_n run_v in_o from_o st._n clements-island_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n of_o mousehole_n for_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a ground_n than_o the_o castle_n will_v be_v on_o the_o starboard_n side_n a_o great_a way_n distant_a which_o castle_n be_v foul_a round_o about_o be_v come_v within_o st._n clements-island_n you_o shall_v see_v within_o it_o a_o great_a sandy_a bay_n anchor_n there_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n southeast_n and_o e.s.e._n wind_n do_v blow_v there_o right_o open_a in_o for_o all_o other_o wind_n you_o lie_v there_o land-lockt_a four_o league_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o mounts-bay_n lie_v the_o landsend_n of_o england_n which_o lie_v from_o the_o lizard_n w.n.w._n distant_a 9_o or_o 10_o league_n direction_n to_o sail_n into_o silly_n silly_a be_v divide_v into_o divers_a island_n alongst_o the_o west_n side_n lie_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o rock_n you_o may_v go_v in_o there_o through_o divers_a channel_n or_o sound_n but_o the_o southermost_a maries-sound_a st._n maries-sound_a call_v st._n maries-sound_n be_v the_o best_a be_v a_o fair_a open_n of_o a_o channel_n but_o near_o the_o midst_n lie_v two_o sink_a rock_n in_o soul_n weather_n you_o may_v see_v the_o sea_n break_v over_o they_o it_o be_v best_o to_o leave_v they_o on_o the_o larboard-side_n go_v in_o and_o on_o the_o starboard-side_n come_v out_o and_o go_v so_o near_o the_o starboard-shore_n as_o that_o you_o may_v but_o see_v the_o wind-mill-sweeps_a which_o stand_v on_o the_o hill_n or_o that_o you_o may_v almost_o throw_v a_o stone_n ashore_o and_o when_o you_o come_v within_o the_o point_n luff_o up_o round_n and_o come_v to_o anchor_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o house_n or_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o town_n open_a of_o the_o valley_n leave_v two_o three_o of_o the_o harbour_n on_o your_o larboard-side_n thwart_v of_o smiths-island_n lie_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n call_v bartholomen-ledge_n rock_n a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n when_o you_o come_v to_o the_o block-house_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o waterside_n