water but right against the Church is the best place for great Ships to come to an anchor because it is somewhat deeper This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter m. The Rands Is a short Reach extending it self from Cold-barbour to Crafford-ness which lyeth on the West side of Dart-ford-Creek bearing East by North and West by South Right against which Creek A shoal called Rand-hill lyeth a shoal in the middle of the River called Rand-hill but not dangerous This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter n. Long-Reach This Reach taketh its Name from its Nature being the longest Reach in the River and lyeth E. S. E. and W. N. W. and extendeth it self from Crafford-ness to Greenbith Town On the North side between Purfleet and Sleepers-bole lyeth a shoal but not dangerous A shoal in the upper part of this Reach there is five fathom and a half at low-water and all down the North Reach there is seven fathom water This Reach is noted in the Dranght with the Letter â— St. Clements-Reach This Reach lyeth in two parts first from Greenbith to St. Clements and lyeth N. N. E. and S. S. W. and from St. Clements to Grayes it lyeth East and West This Reach is the most dangerous in the whole River being very subject to foul weather by reason of its scituation especially with some winds as a South-west and North-east wind which doth make very bad weather so that here are more Boats cast away then in all the Reaches in the whole River and by reason of the bad weather that annoys this Reach Fidlers-Reach it is called Fidlers-Reach because any little wind will raise the Waves and make the Boats dance At the lower end of this Reach a little above Grayes-Town Black-shelf lyeth a shoal called Black-shelf whereon Ships sometimes come aground taking no harm but sit upright This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter p. North-fleet-Hope This Reach leadeth from Grayes-Town down to North-fleet which is on the Kentish-shore and lyeth North-west by North and South-east by South there is about eight fathom water all along this Reach and is bold enough having no danger on any side This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter q. Gravesend-Reach This Reach lyeth East and West and extendeth it self from North-fleet below the Town of Gravesend to a place called the Piles Piles there is good riding on any part of this Reach the water riseth here three fathom and a half above the Town you will have eight and below six fathom This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter r. Tilbury-Hope This Reach lyeth North-east by North and South-West by South and extendeth it self from the Piles aforesaid down to Mucking-Creek which is on the North shore and Hope-ness alias Sands-head-Point on the South side Here is in most parts of this Reach five six and seven fathom at low-water Ships may conveniently ride in any part of it This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter s A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks on the Coast of England from Thames-Mouth to Flamborough-head Shewing their Bearings and Distances from the most Eminent Places on the Land with the Depths of Water on them as well as in the Channels between them Blyth-Sand THis Sand begins at the lower end of the Hope from Hope-ness alias Sands-bead point on the South side and runneth down below Hull-haven it lyeth E. N. E. the lower down the broader there is some distance between the eastermost end and the shore but the westermost end joyneth to the Land those that turn either going up or down must come no nearer it than five fathom at low-water and seven fathom at high-water On the North side you will have five and six fathom at low-water This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter a. Hull-Haven-Scarrs Hull-Haven-Scarrs is a dangerous shoal being very hard ground and joyning to the shoar a little below Hull-Haven stretching off from the Land about two Cables length being very steep and having ten fathom close by it This and the lower end of Blyth-Sand makes the Channel more narrow then either above or below and causeth the Tyde to run very strong In Spring-tydes it is dry at low-water This shoal is marked in the Draught with the Letter b. The Chapman The Chapman is a shoal that lyeth about two miles below the Scarrs on the North side The West end thereof joyns to the shore Chapman-head and is called the Chapman-head it lyeth down nearest from the Scarrs East is near half a mile in length and steep too having nine fathom close to it a good part of the East end thereof appeareth dry at low-water being hard strong and uneven ground having six fathom water close aboard of it The thwart mark for the East end of the Chapman is to bring Hadley Church and Hadley Castle both in one This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter c. From hence runneth a shoal which reacheth below Canvey-Island High-Sand and is called High-sand Middle-Ground This Middle-ground is a shoal that lyeth against Lee in the middle of the Channel and at low Tyde there is no more then 11 12 or 13 foot water and on each side about 4 or 4 fathom and a half The South side is the deepest it is about two miles in length and lyeth down East as the River doth Marks of the middle Ground The Mark for this Sand is to bring Lee-Church on the East Point of the Marsh which is the East end of Canvey-Island then are you thwart of the shoalest part of it where you have but ten foot at low-water to avoid it you may go on either side thereof This Shelf is noted in the Draught with the Letter d. The Nower and Buoy The Nower is a Sand that lyeth from part of the Isle of Grean and runs down nearest East two little miles on the East Point thereof lyeth a Buoy in twelve foot at low-water this Sand is broader in some places than in other by reason of some Swatches that are in it Marks of the Buoy and dries every low-water Minster-Church in the Isle of Sheppy bears South by Bast from the Buoy of the Nower and Shyrness West half southerly about three miles From the Buoy of the Nower to the Buoy of the Oaze-Edge the course is fast one quarter southerly near five miles This Sand and Buoy is marked in the Draught with the Letter e. The Cant. The Cant is a great Flat that lies on the North side of Sheppy and joyns to the shore and begins a little to the eastward of Shyreness and so runs to the East end of the Island where the West end of the Red-Sand and Spaniard joyns to it this shoal lyeth off from Sheppy in some places a mile in others two the more to the East the farther off by means of its joyning with
lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn West by South half southerly seven miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles and a half Sonk The Sonk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Sporn if going up on the South side you bring Pauls-Tower open of the Red-Cliff to the eastward then you are clear or about the Tayl of the Sonk Holms The Holms is a Sand which lyeth about a mile from the shore The East end cometh within the Tayl of the Sonk and on the West end lyeth a Buoy which beareth South a mile and half from Pauls-Church and from the Buoy of the Bull North-west by West about thirteen miles The Dogger-Bank East from the Sporn-head six leagues lyeth the westermost corner off of the Dogger-Bank from which it extendeth it self North-East by East 77 leagues the eastermost end being but 17 leagues south-South-west by West from Rinkopper-deep in Jutland the breadth of this Sand is 11 leagues on the westermost end hereof you will have 10 9 11 12 and 13 fathom but towards the East end 14 15 18 20 and at the Point of it 25 fathom on the North side you will have 50 46 45 40 fathom on the South side 28 and 26 fathom Crouch-Bank In the mid-way between Flamborough-head and the Naze lyeth this great Bank North by East and South by West in the Sea being in length 35 leagues the South end hereof is distant from the Dogger-bank five leagues and from Flamborrough-head North-east half easterly 39 leagues on the South end of this Bank is 22 in the middle 38 39 and on the North end 28 fathoms which beareth from the Naze W. S. W. 39 leagues The White-bank About twenty leagues North from Friezland lyeth the White-bank being in length 27 leagues and in breadth five leagues being distant from the Dogger-bank 13 leagues lying East by North and West by South in the Sea on the West end is 23 fathom and on the South end 22. The White-water north-North-West by West fourteen leagues from the Texel lyeth a Bank called the White-water lying North-east by East and South-west by South in the Sea being in length ten leagues on which is sixteen fathom the West end being distant from the Well seven leagues where you will have 24 and 25 fathom and between it and the Dogger-bank 27 and 28 fathom The Well North-east by North from Wintertonness about eleven leagues lyeth the Well being a large square Bank in length 13 leagues and in breadth 10 the ground whereof is very uneven where at the first cast you will have 12 the next 16 and in some places 22 fathom between it and the Dogger-Bank from which it is distant about four leagues near the said Well 30 and 24 near the Dogger 51 44 30 and 28 fathom between it and the Bread-bank 23 and 24 fathom and between it and the English shore 20 26 and 24 fathom A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks upon the Coast of England from the Buoy of the Nower to Dover The Flats THE Flats are so called by reason of their general flatness on which you may sayl 4 or 5 miles and not alter one foot in depth In the course from the Narrow to the Red-sand you may have ten foot water to the eastward in some holes you have fifteen and sixteen foot water The Dangers that are in these Flats are discoursed of in their place for he that keeps himself on the Course that leads from the Buoy of the Wool-pack to the Buoy of the Red-sand which is North-west by West a quarter North if he take Tyde according to the draught of his Ship shall not meet with any dangers The Gilman The Gilman is a Shoal that lyeth up from the Buoy of the Spell W.N.W. about five miles and a quarter of a mile South-east by South from the East end of the Spaniard and falls dry on Spring-tydes He that keepeth in the Course that leadeth from the Buoy of the Woolpack to the Buoy of the Red-sand will not come near it This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter C. The Spaniard The Spaniard is a Sand that takes its beginning from Sheppy-Island and runs down East by North until the Buoy of the Red-sand is North-west by North from the East end of it a mile and a half distance a good part of this Sand falls dry And he that keeps the West end of St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open to the eastwards of the Reculvers-steeple will not come near this Sand. Between this and the Red-sand runs down the first Depths where there is 5 6 7 and 8 fathoms the more to the eastward the deeper water The Red-sand and Buoy The Red-sand is very long on the East end whereof lies a Buoy to direct them clear to the North of it into the Channel betwixt this Sand and the Oaze-edge which leads towards London or downward over the Flats the North side of this Sand from the Buoy upwards is steep too but indifferent shoaling This Buoy lies from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half North and West Marks of the Buoy half South about three or four miles The Mark on the Land for this Buoy is to bring the Lands-end South-west and St. Nicholas-Wood open to the Reculvers or to bring the Reculvers South-east The eastermost end of this Sand lies out with two Tongues upon the northermost of which is placed a Buoy The Oaze-edge and Buoy The Oaze-edge is a Sand that lies to the northward of the Red-sand and lies E.N.E. and W.S.W. containing about 4 miles in length and half a mile in breadth The Channel betwixt this and the Red-sand is in some part more and in some less then a mile broad The South side of this Sand is steep too and the deepest part in the Channel is nine and ten fathom At the West end of it lies a Buoy and bears North by East from the Lands-end Mouse-hole Church on the North-east of Sheppy then Mouse-hole Church is open to the Eastward of the said Lands-end from this Buoy to the Buoy of the Nower the Course is West a quarter South about five miles The Spile The Spile is a small round Sand and lies almost thwart the Buoy of the Oaze-edge to the southward on the North side of the West-tayl of the Red-sand you have but six foot at low-water and lies very dangeâ—ously The Buoy of the Woolpack The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel Marks of this Buoy and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from Reculvers-sleeple North by West then you have two little Hills like two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut to the Reculvers-sleeple This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter x. The Buoy of the Spell The Buoy of the Spell
lyeth on the South side of the Narrow or Channel a little to the eastward of the Buoy of the Woolpack betwixt these Buoys the Channel is a Cables length and a half broad and but nine foot at low-water This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter y. The Hook The Hook is a Shoal that runneth out from Marget-Sand South-east so far to the southward that it makes the Channel very narrow The thwart Mark for this Sand is to bring Birchington-steeple into a green Dauk or Valley in the Cliff then the Steeple will bear from you South-east five degrees southerly The longst Mark is to bring St. Peters Church upon the West end of the Cliff This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter z. Longst Mark. The longst Mark to direct you clear of the Hook to the Buoy of the Searn is to bring St. Peters-steeple over the East side or Cliff of Westgate-bay You must keep them so till you bring Birchington-steeple over the Gual when you take hold of the Mark to go through Middle-Ground at the Cliff end The Middle-ground is a Shoal that lyeth below the Hook nearest the shore on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom this being a small narrow Ridge lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. one third of a mile long Marks to lead clear of it The Marks to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of the Westgate-bay as aforesaid or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward of the Reculvers this Tree leaneth a little to the southward and is a good Mark for the Hook downwards or from Marget-sand upward This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter A. The Horse The Horse is a Shoal that lyeth a little above the Hook of Marget-sand on the South side a little below the Reculver Church on which it is very shoal at low-water The Mark. To avoid this you must keep St. Peters Steeple on the East side of the Westgate-bay a little upon the Cliff upward to the Buoy of the Searn and so from the Buoy downward This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter B. The Buoy of the Searn The Buoy of the Searn is the eastermost Buoy that lyeth on the North side of the Reculvers the Steeple bearing from the Buoy South by West then have you a Wind-mill a little open of the Channel of Reculvers Church or to bring over a small House that standeth a little to the East end of the Church The Course upwards from this Buoy through the Narrow is W.N.W. The longst Marks on the shore Marks of this Sand. is to bring Birchington Church right over a Gaul or black Hole in the western part of the Cliff end This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter w. Between the Woolpack and the Pan-sands or the West end of the Wedge and the Pan-sands A new Channel goes down a Channel of one mile and a half broad and runs down E.N.E. At the first entrance below the Wedge and Pan-sands you have five fathom water and so down to the eastward deeper as 6 7 and 8 fathoms but at the North side of the Woolpack betwixt that and the Pan-sands there is but three and a half and four fathoms at low-water the more to the East the Channel is deeper and broader The Wedge The Wedge is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of Marget-sand being broad at the West end and sharp at the East end resembling its appellation it lyeth West by North and East by South about six miles in length having at the westermost end between it and Marget-sand three fathom water and so down to the east end until it joyn with Marget-sand there is two fathom and on the North side 7 8 and 9 fathom Marget-Sand The East end of Marget-sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay and up till you are thwart the Reculvers And by reason of some Swatches that are in it it is divided into more names the Searn the Weelpack The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget-Church North half West four miles distance and as it runs up to the westwards Marks for the East end so it grows nearer the shore The Marks for the East end is to bring Marget Steeple and the Mill in one The Depths you have along this Sand as you turn up or down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathoms On the North side of this Sand a quarter of a mile off lyeth another Sand The Wedg called the Wedge which runs down alongst by it and a Channel of 4 3 2 1 fathom water at the lower end it joyns with the other Sand at the East end the most part of this Sand dries at low-water The Colborn The Colborn is a Shoal that lyeth to the northwards of White-dike and a little to the fouthwards of Broad-stairs-Peer which sometimes ebbs dry it lies a large half mile off the Shore and there is nine foot water between it and the Shore The Mark for a small Ship to avoid it Is to keep the top of St. Peters Steeple open over the Land This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter u. The White-Dike The White-Dike is a Shoal that runs off from the shore a large half mile and lies half a mile to the northwards of Ramsgate all the inner part of it dries every Ebb and on the outer-part it is two foot at low-water and at sometimes there is but eight or nine foot in the Channel betwixt this and the Querns Inner Channel This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter t. The Querns The Querns is a small Shoal that lieth W.N.W. from the Brake The Inner Channel between them both is a Channel for good Ships at high-water it is a mile broad only at the South end there lies a small Middle-ground near to the Brake on which there is but seven foot at low-water Longst Mark. The longst Mark for this Middle-ground Is to bring St. Margets Church near the South-Foreland a Ships length open to the southwards of Deal-Castle Thwart Mark The thwart Mark Is to bring Winsborough Steeple a Ships length open to the northwards of Sandwich Steeple then are you to the northward of this Middle-ground Leading Mark. The leading Mark through this Channel Is to bring St. Margets Church in the middle between Wamer and Deal Castle the Middle-ground excepted for when you come near that you must keep the Church as aforesaid Or you may turn the Church from the middle between Deal and Wamer Castle If you bring the Church more then half over towards Wamer Castle you will be near the Brake if not on it The Mark for the North end of the Querns Is to bring St. Lawrence Steeple a Ships length to the Southward
this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east by East about nine miles being very narrow on which you have five and fix fathom on the middle of it Southeast by East from the Haven of Newport lyeth a Ridge whereon there is scarce three foot at low-water being sometimes dry Ships that will go before Dunkirk and cannot get alongst by Flanders must run about without these Banks until they come against Broad-Bank and then run in alongst between it and the Stone-Bank in 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Stroome-Bank The Stroome-Bank lyeth before Newport about four miles from the shore whereon you have two and three fathom water within and without it you have 9 8 and 7 fathom and at each end 5 and 6 fathom The Mark for the south-South-west end of it Is to bring the Town of Suern South by East from you and so steer through between it and the Stone-Bank in 5 and 6 fathom The Geer The Geer is a Bank that lyeth alongst the Land from Ostend to Dunkirk whereon there is but two fathom and two and a half between it and the Land goeth a Channel of 7 8 and 9 fathom from which it is distant about a mile Boon-Land Boon-Land is a Bank which lyeth East from Ostend about four miles distant whereon is but two and two fathom and a half at low-water between it and the Geer is a Channel of 5 7 and 8 fathom half a league from the North end hereof lyeth two or three small Banks whereon you have but two two and a half and three fathom Peerdemart and Hart-Sand Peerdemart and Hart-sand are Banks which joyn together lying alongst the Coast Peerdemart at the entrance into the Sluys the Hart-sand endeth about a league North-west from Ostend which is almost fix leagues and a half on these Sands there is but two two and a half and three fathom within it you have 3 4 and 5 fathom Inner-Bank Inner-Bank lyeth off Gad-sand a mile and half from the shore it lyeth South-west by West two leagues whereon there is but 1 and 1 fathom and a half when Nasson and the Castle of the Sluys are in one then are you thwart the middle of it when the Castle of the Sluys bears South then are you clear the East end and may steer your course for Flushing when the West Chappel and the Knock are both in one then are you clear of the South end on the inner side hereof lyeth the Channel called the Inner-Weelings and on the outside the Weelings Heist-Bank Ripthart-Sand and Utter-Bank The Heist Ripthart and Utter-Bank joyn together being all in length about eight leagues and a half when the Castle of Sluyes is South from you then are you clear of the East end of Heist-sand when the West Chappel and the Knock are brought in one then are you thwart of the Ridge of it called Engelse-Ridge this Sand is in some places a mile broad having no more than two and two fathom and a half at low-water The Ripthart is a narrow Bank whereon there is 2 3 4 5 6 fathom the Utter-Bank in the middle joyns to the Ripthart lying in the Sea South-west by South and North-east by North in length two leagues whereon you have 7 6 4 and 3 fathom The Mark for the South-west end of it is to bring the Steeple of Geer on the south-South-west end of Ostend then are you thwart it but when Oudenburg is on the North-east end of the Town then are you clear of it Drooge Drooge is a Bank which lyeth from the Sluyes Northwest distant from the Shore about three leagues lying in the Sea E.N.E. and W.S.W. being in length two leagues and a half and in breadth one mile and a half the East end hereof is dry at low-water When Nassan and Sluyes Castle are both in one then are you clear of it On the West end of this Bank is a Shoal whereon is but 1 fathom and a half and two fathom when West Chappel is South-east by South from you then are you thwart of it but when West Chappel and the Knock are in one then are you clear of it Small Bank Small-bank almost joyneth to the North end of the Utterbank it lyeth in the Sea N. E. by North in length almost three leagues whereon is seven and eight fathom the North end lyeth from the Sluce South-east by East four leagues White-Bank White-bank lyeth between Ostend and the Sluce distant from theshore four leagues and a half it lyeth in the Sea North-east and south-South-west in length three leagues and a half The Water on it is 9 8 7 9 8 11 fathom deep Easter-Bank Easter-bank lyeth without White-bank distant about a league between which goeth the Channel Den Hekelag This Bank lyeth almost parallel to the other being in length five leagues whereon you have 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 fathom Stone-Bank Stone-bank lyeth off Walcheren distant from the shore three great leagues when the Steeple of Midleborrough and Domburge are one in the other then are you thwart of it When Buyenskerk and West-Chappel in Walcheren are both in one then are you clear of the South-west end when Middleborrough lyeth South-East from you then are you clear of the North-east end this Bank is in length two leagues North-east and south-South-West being very dangerous there being on it but two and three fathom Geer The Geer is a little Bank which lyeth on the south-South-West side of Walcheren being distant from the shore about a mile you may go within it in four five and six fathom by keeping the Town of Flushing shut with the Land Eastern and Northern Rases Off from West-Chappel a mile from the shore lyeth a great Bank whereon are two Rases which fall dry at low-water called the Eastern and Northern Rases St. Anna bearing South by East from you carries you clear the out-side of it and the aforesaid mark of the Geer will carry you clear on the inner side until West-Chappel be North-east from you then follow the directions for Land-deep Calloert and Querns Calloert and Querns are two Banks which lie on the North-west side of Walcheren being half a mile distant one from the other and also from the Northern Rase of the foresaid Banks the Querns at low water is dry in many places the Calloert also hath but three foot water between these go a Channel of five and six fathom called the East-gat Banjaert Banjaert alias Kanteyn-steyl is a great Bank which bendeth it self towards Walcheren from which the West end is distant almost two leagues the East end is distant from the Land about two mile from whence it runneth East by South almost four mile in which space there lyeth four Buoys the conver side lyeth along by Schowen between it and the Land lyeth a small Bank whereon there is a Buoy at each end this Bank falleth dry at low-water in many places a Cables length from the West end hereof lyeth two small Shoals called Rifgens to
avoid which Keep East-Chappel and Middleborrough one in the other which mark will carry you clear New-Sand New-sand lyeth from the West part of Schowen half a mile from the shore and runneth off W. N. W. five mile between Banjaert and it runneth a Channel called the Velt half a mile broad where there is 1 and a half 2 and 3 fathom at low-water This Sand in some places will be dry at low-water The Hill The Hill is a Bank which lyeth on the North side of New-sand between which runneth a Channel called New-deep where you will have three and two fathom On this Bank there is but 6 and 8 foot Ourust Ourust is a triangular Sand the East corner whereof is distant from the West side of North-Beveland about the third part of a mile the West corner lyeth from the Buoy of the Little Sand called the Shoots-man half a mile on the North corner which runneth out into the Channel called the Room-pot there lyeth a Buoy in 1 fathom and a half water on the side of this Sand half a mile distant one from the other lyeth two other Buoys to direct men which go up the Channel This Sand is dry in many places The Shoots-man The Shoots-man is a little Sand which lyeth on the East side of Walcheren being distant from Terveer about a mile and is two mile in length lying close by the Shore on the North-west end there lyeth a Buoy from which to the Point of Walkeren there lyeth three others South-east by South and North-west by North one from the other These Buoys lie in four and six fathom water The Laegten The Laegten is a Sand which lyeth between Schowen and Goeree on the South side thereof lyeth 3 Buoys East and West one from the other the West end where of is distant from the Hill about a mile and half The mark for this end Is to keep Rimse on the Cliff of Weolsack and it will carry you through clear of the said end between which you will have 17 18 19 and 20 fathom to go clear of the corner at the East-head the Buoys are sufficient marks which course will also carry you clear the West end and also of the Hill in some places of this Sand you will have but three and four fathom in other places 11 and 12 fathom This Sand is in length two leagues and a half bending to the northward both sides being steep too having within 12 and 14 fathom and without 12 14 and 16 fathom Springer Springer is a Bank which all times is almost dry and joyneth on the West side to the Laegten from the South-east side runneth out a tayl two mile into the Sea the point whereof is distant from the mouth of Browers-Haven North-west almost three mile The Mark to go clear of it Is to bring Ziericzea and East-street which is a House to the westward of Browers-Haven both in one and will lead you in the best of the Channel where you will have 10 20 and 24 fathom but if you go within between Schownen and it keep the Town of Bomment East by South which will carry you directly to the westermost Buoy within the Laegten Keet-werf Keet-werf is the westermost point of the Land Geeree from which runeth off a small tayl four mile into the Sea called West-head being distant from Laegten not above half a mile it is steep too having seven and eight fathom close to it The Mark for the Point of it Is to bring Ziericzea on the West end of a Wood. which will carry you clear of it The Hinder The Hinder is a crooked Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Goeree bending with the Land in some places distant above a mile in other some less where you will have at the eastermost point 18 fathom and in the Channel 20 30 40 and 50 fathom it is in length two leagues and a half on the East end you have but two fathom but the farther to the West the deeper water at the West end you will have twenty fathom West-Plat West-Plat is a Shoal that runneth out from the West end of Voeren about four mile into the Sea being distant from the Hinder about two thirds of a league on it there is but 3 5 and 10 fathom the Channel between it and the Hinder is 9 10 and 12 fathom The marks for it Is to keep the Steeple of Quack just open of the Land and it will carry you through in the best of the Channel The Broad-fourteens The Bread-fourteens so called by reason of the breadth and depth of water upon it which in most places is 14 fathom it joyneth with the Land beginning at Scheveling and runneth off W. N. W. almost five leagues then N. W. by North nine leagues from thence N.E. by North 23 leagues which is the very point of it where you have 18 fathom which lyeth from the Texel 8 leagues it extendeth it self from Scheveling on the Coast northward 5 leagues or within a league and half of Santâ—â—â—rt from which it runneth with a concavity to the said point The Hard Outer-Rib Small-acht These are three small Sands which run into the Bread-fourteens the Hard is a little to the northward of Stantvoort and runneth off South-west six leagues whereon you have 3 5 7 and 8 fathom the Rib and Small-acht and it are parallel one to the other Small-acht beginning at Egmont-zee and runneth off into the Broad-fourteens distant from the Outer-Rib about four miles between these Sands the Channel is 6 7 8 and 10 fathom Reysers-Plat Keysers-Plat is a Sand which lyeth a league from the West end of the Texel on which side there lyeth five Buoys to direct men through the Channel called the Spaniard Channel called the Slenk near the Texel through the middle hereof goeth a Channel called the Slenk which is very narrow wherein you have 27 fathom in the said Channel there lyeth fix Buoys that Sand which is on the other end of this Channel reacheth within a mile or less of the Land of Holland between goeth a Channel called Sand-deep wherein there is three Buoys this Sand is steep too for without it you have 48 fathom and at the N. W. corner 90 within it is 30 and 33 fathom Vogel-Sand Vogel-sand lyeth between the Texel and Wieringen being two leagues broad the North side is distant from the Texel a mile and half on the North corner lyeth a Buoy to direct you through the Channel where you will have 70 80 and 90 fathom on the N.E. side standeth three Beacons by which you will have 40 and 50 fathom from the Ness-beacon this Sand runneth South five mile to the Uliter-beacon from which it runneth West to Repel-beacon being four great mile from which it runneth N. N. W. four miles and a half and from thence E.N.E. three mile which is the Buoy beforesaid which Buoy lyeth from the eastermost point of the Texel S.S.E. a mile and half Schieringhalls
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
the North-east end is the going up the Weser where lyeth three Buoys and on the North-west end standeth a Beacon The Hooge The Hooge is a great Flat which joyneth to the Land of Languarden being seven mile in breadth running from the said Point North-west four leagues where it endeth with a Tayl called Smits-tayl on the North side hereof lyeth many Buoys which is the Weser-Channel Weser and in this side are many Swatches The South-Grounds The South-Grounds are great Flats which lie in all alongst the Coast of Reydinger-Land in some places distant from the Shore about four leagues on the South-west side of it goeth up the Weser this is called Black-ground on the North-west side called Witteground whereon goeth many Swins or Channels viz. Broad-Channel the South Channel of Wester-Till the North-broad Channel of Easter-Till on the North-side called New-work-ground by it goeth in the Channel called the Elve 〈◊〉 2. where lie many Buoys to direct you up Here also runneth in another Swin called Emder-Channel Lâ—â—derhaeuicl about a league from the North-west point hereof lyeth a small Sand called Middle-sand at the North-west end of it lyeth a Buoy which is distant from the middle-buoy on Rode-sand about two mile between which goeth in the Channel of the Weser North-Ground North-Ground lyeth on the North side of the Elve from the South side hereof runneth off a Sand called Vogel-sand West five leagues into the Sea on the Tayl thereof you will have first three fathom and a half then five afterwards seven eight nine and ten fathom On the South side goeth in the Elve on the North side the North-Elve From the West side hereof a Flat called the North-Ground whereon there is seven and eight fathom on the South side of this Sand lyeth also a Shoal called New-ground having a Buoy at the West end of it between the North-Ground and the Shore lyeth a great Shoal running off from the Shore at least two leagues the North-east corner of the North-Ground is distant from Busen a mile Hodemer-Sand Iseren Hendrick and Blavoort Hodemer-sand lyeth on the North side of North-Ground between which goeth a small Channel called the Pype on the East side there is another small Channel called the Pype going into the Elve on this side of the Sand standeth two Beacons on the North side hereof lyeth a Sand called Iseren-Hendrick between these goeth the Channel called the North-Pipe from the said Hendrick runneth off a Sand to the westward called Blavoort beging in length four mile and a half from this runneth off a Tayl West 3 leagues whereon there is two and three fathom and is called the Tayl of the Plaet Blavoort on the North side hereof runneth in the Channel of the Eyder Eyâ—â— where lie Booys to direct you through Ballast-Plaet Ballast-Plaet runneth off from Schulper-Zill into the Eyder-Channel on the North-east side whereof standeth three Beacons from whence it runneth alongst the Coast of Ditmarschen until you come to Busen in which there are many Swins on the West corner standeth a Beacon and on the North-west side lie three Buoys New-Ground or Broad-Rug New-ground is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Eyder-Channel on the south-South-west side whereof stand four Beacons from the eastermost Beacon called the Hulk to the westermost Beacon of the Ballast-Plaet the course is East by North a mile between this Sand and the Shore goeth a small Channel the westermost end hereof is called Broad-Rug New-Grounds New-grounds are three Sands which lie on the West side of Eyder-land not above three Cables length from the Shore at Ebb between these and the southermost goeth a Channel called Oudeland-deep Oudeland-deep in the northermost is a small Island called Utto these Sands lie off in the Sea two leagues The Quade The Quade is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of the Hever distant from East-Hever West by North five mile on this Sand standeth two Beacons on the South side of this Sand goeth in a Channel South-Channel called South-Channel East three mile from this lyeth a Sand with two other Beacons on it Nuval Elan and Gorde Nubal Elan and Gorde are broken Grounds which lie about the Island Strant from which there runneth out Shoals on every side of the said Island The Voren The Voren is a Shoal which encompasseth the Island Ameren and St. Jans making a Channel between them and Strant called Small-deep on the North-cast side thereof runneth another small Channel which is caused by a Shoal which runneth off from the Shore on the North side of which runneth up a Channel to Luck-Tonderen Silter-Riff Silters-Riff runneth off from the South Point of the Island Silt running off S. S. W. four leagues on the East side of it runneth the Channel called Silter-deep Silte-deep on the North end of the Island lyeth four A Chart of FLANDERS Between Calm and Walcheren will all the sands and shoals upon that coast by John Seller Hydrog Regiis A Chart of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the coast of ENGLAND From Dover to the Northwards of Orfordness by John Seller Hydrographer to the King Sands between them and the Land goeth up Land-deep there goeth up also another Channel called New-deep Rust and the Land being on one side and the Maker Berling-sand and Haef-sand on the other Coer-Sand and Iurt-Sand This Sand reacheth on the Coast from Ripen to Lutke Tondo running off so far until it encompasseth the Island Mann and Rem between which Islands on the Sand standeth a Beacon Phann Knuts Phanu-Knuts is a Shoal from the North-west Head of Phanu by which goeth in a Channel called Graeuwdeep on the North side of which Channel near the Point of Langeleg Wisdick lyeth a small Sand called VVisdycksand Also at the South end of the Island Phanu betwixt Manu and it wherein there is some broken ground on the South side of this Sand lie two Buoys within Phanu on the Shore of Jutland from Ripen to Holm-head running a mile from the Shore Riefhorn Rief-born runneth off from Horn from whence it taketh its name West by South eighteen leagues whereon you have three four and five fathom a league to the northward of it lyeth another small Shoal seven leagues in length on the South side of it near the Shore lyeth a small Sand called Doel-sand Docl-sand on the North side close to the Shore lyeth another small Shoal called the Uyl Uyl Iutland-Riff Jutland-Riff is a great Shoal which runneth many leagues West by North into the Sea whereon you will have 10 12 16 18 20 fathom c. Directions for sayling into the Harbours and Channels on the Coast of Holland and Zealand from Ameland to the Weilings Shewing the Marks and Depths of Water for Piloting a Ship through any of them Ameland-Gat TWO leagues to the eastwards of the Schelling lyeth Ameland lying E. N. E. and W. S. W. 4 great leagues upon the
eastward along that Sand until you bring Prickelwel-Church which stands on the Essex-side below Lee open to the eastward of a thicket of high Trees that stands to the eastwards of that Church or the Spire-Steeple on the Island of Sheppy called Minster-Church right over the highest part of the red Cliff on the Island and with any one of these Marks you may bear over the Tayl of the Nower in three fathom at low-water and when you come into four or fix fathoms you must steer right in with Sheerness but if so be it be clear weather Marks there is direct Marks to carry you in or lead you out which is the Point of the Island of Grean which is on the Starboard-side of the River above Sheerness one open and shut of the other or if you can see Gillingham-Church which sheweth white right under the Point of a high Hill in the Countrey that maketh it like a Gurnets Nose like Portland any of these Marks will carry you right in but a little to the southward of the Tayl of the Nower there is a Middle-ground in these Marks on which there is not above fifteen foot water to avoid which if the Wind be northerly then keep alongst the Nower until you be a quarter of a mile to the southwards of the Beacon and then bear over into the aforesaid Marks or if the Wind be southerly and you are coming from the Eastwards at low-water and would go in then borrow off and on upon the Cant in three fathom and a half and four fathom and continually keep your Lead if it be thick weather that you cannot see your leading marks for there lyeth a Spit from the Cant your thwart mark whereof is Charlock Trees a little to the eastwards of the falling of the Land of Sheppy from Minster or that brow of the Hill S. S. E. from you you must at the first cast of the Lead that you find it shoal bear round off until you deepen your water again then borrow on again on that side and so you may go in in thick weather or in the night and when you come near Sheerness your water will suddenly deepen to 10 or 12 fathom this is called Sheerness-hole Sheerness-Hole and being aboard the Ness you may anchor where you please but if you anchor near the Ness you shall have no less than 16 or 17 fathom if you be bound up the River of Medway to shun a Bank of Owze that lyeth on the third part of the Channel over from the South-west Point of the River that goeth into Quinborough-Creek and by the same directions you may carry a Ship out of Medway down to the eastwards or into the River of Thames or to the northwards Directions for sayling from the Buoy of the Nower over the Flats and through the Narrow into the Downs From the Buoy of the Nower to the Buoy of the Oaze-edge the course is East one quarter northerly and West one quarter southerly distant about five miles betwixt the Buoy of the Oaze-edge and the Buoy of the Red-sand lyeth a round Shoal called the Spile Spile and bears South from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge on which shoal there is but six foot at low-water the Buoy of the Red-sand bears from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half northerly and West half southerly four miles If the weather be clear you may have a direct longst mark that will lead you down directly between the Oaze-edge A 〈…〉 and the Red-sand viz. you will see a â—ound Tree on the Island Grean keep that Tree in the Valley between the little Hills that are upon the High-lands next to the westermost end of the Isle of Grean and this mark so kept will lead you down The eastermost part of the Red-sand lyeth out with two Tongues Red-sand on the northermost of which is placed the Buoy The Marks for the buoy of the Red sand from the Land is to bring the Lands-end of Sheppy S. W. and St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open of the Reculvers South-east the Channel goeth in betwixt the Oaze-edge and the Red-sand The depth betwixt them is 10 and 11 fathom From the Buoy of the Red-sand to the Buoys of the Spell and Woolpack the course is N. W. by West one quarter northerly and S. E. by South one quarter southerly over the Flats where you will have at low-water on this course 10 foot and in some holes 15 or 16 foot water About a quarter of a mile S.E. by South from the East end of the Spaniard Gilman lyeth the Gilman which falls cry at Spring tydes but if you keep the aforesaid Course you will not come neer it The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from the Reculvers-steeple North by West then have you two little Hills like to two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut of the Reculvers-Steeple The Buoy of the Spell lyeth on the South side of the Channel a little to the eastward of the Buoy of the Woolpack betwixt these Buoys the Channel is a Cables length and a half broad and but nine foot deep at low-water The Buoy of the Searn is the eastermost Buoy that lyeth on the North side of the Channel the Steeple of the Reculvers bearing from the said Buoy South by West then have you a Wind-mill a little open of the Channel of Reculvers-Church The course upwards from this Buoy through the Narrow is W.N.W. and downwards it is E. S. E. The longst mark on the Shore is to bring Brinchington Church right over a Gaul or black Hole in the western part of the Cliff end On the North side of a Channel a little below the Buoy of the Searn 〈…〉 shooteth out a Shoal from Margaret-sand S. E. called the Hook it runneth so far to the southwards that it maketh the Channel very narrow The thwart Marks for this Sand is to bring Birchington-Steeple into a great Dauk or Valley of a Cliff then the Steeple will bear from you South-east five degrees foutherly the longst Mark is to bring St. Peters Church upon the West end of the Cliff The longst Mark to carry you clear of the Hook to the Buoy of the Searn is to bring St. Peters Steeple over the East side or Cliff of Westgate-bay You must keep them so till you bring Birchington Steeple over the Gaul when you take hold of that mark to go through a little above the Hook on the South side of the Channel A little below the Reculvers lyeth off a Shoal called the Horse Horse on which it is very shoal at low-water The marks to avoid it is to keep St. Peters Steeple on the East side of Westgate-bay a little upon the Cliff which mark you may use either going up or down Between the Hook of Margaret-sand and
the Red-Sand There is no mark for this Sand only the depth of Water being four five or six fathom so near the Ship may go the time of Tyde considered But from the lower part of the said Cant begins deep water close to it down to the Spile as 11 12 Spile or 13 fathom and is called Bradgate-hole Shooberry-Ness Shooberry-Ness is part of a great Flat that beginneth below Lee-Town and runneth down the River northerly to the North-east of Whitaker This Ness lyeth right off a mile from the shore and falleth dry at low-water is steep too having ten fathom close to it To avoid this come no nearer it than eight fathom Thwart Marks of Shooberry-ness The thwart Marks of it is to bring two high Trees a little open to the West of Shooberry-steeple which is a spire Steeple To go clear of Shooberry-flat Longst Marks keep the high Land of Lee open of the Land on the North-east of it and that will go in the best of the Channel Black-Tayl This is a part or the foresaid great Flat and lyeth below Shooberry-ness E. N. E. about four miles being steep too and having six seven and eight fathom above and below it but you must come no nearer it than eight fathom The Warp The Warp is a shoal that lyeth in the Fair-way coming out of the Swin up the River beginning near to the Buoy of Oaze-edge and tayleth up as high as the Middle ground of Lee upon it there is but four fathom at low-water On the North side there is eight and ten fathom and on the South side ten and eleven fathom This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter f. The Shooe and Beacon The Shooe is also a part of the forementioned great Flat being very steep too The course from the Black-tayl to the Shooe and Beacon is North-east half easterly about four or five miles You must not come nearer the Beacon then nine or ten fathom and you may stand over towards the Mouse in ten fathom and no nearer From this Beacon to the Buoy of the Oaze-edge the course is South-west by South distant about four miles Between this Beacon and the Whitaker you may come in six fathom on the North side and on the South side near the Mouse in ten fathom In the Fair-way is seven eight or nine fathom The Shooe-beacon and Buoy of the Red-Sand do bear North and South nearest one of the other betwixt five and six miles Middle-Ground and Buoy This Sand lyeth between Buxey-Sand and the East-Barrows being about five miles in length and lyeth near North-east and South-west upon the South-west end is placed a Buoy which bears from the Shooe-beacon North-east by North two degrees easterly about five miles you may sayl from the Shooe being below it by your Lead towards the Whitaker in fix six fathom and a half and seven and a half and on the Barrow side in eight fathom in the Fair-way is nine or ten fathom the Buoy at low-water lyeth in eighteen foot And on this Sand at low water is 4 5 and 6 foot water The Middle-Middle-Ground This is a small shoal that lyeth W. N. W. half a mile from the Buoy of the Middle-ground and extends it self a little below the Whitaker-beacon on this Sand there is no more then fourteen foot at low-water To avoid it you must keep within two Cables length of the Buoy of the Middle-ground At the North end of this shoal there is five or six fathom water This is noted in the Draught with the Letter g. The Whitaker and Beacon The Whitaker is also a part of the aforementioned great Flat and is the North-east Point thereof on which standeth a Beacon from whence runs off a tayl of the foresaid Flat a little to the northward of the Beacon To avoid which come no nearer then seven fathom betwixt this and the S. W. end of the Buxey goeth in a small Channel up towards Foul-ness called North-fletch North-fletch useful only for small Vessels From Whitaker to the Buoy of the Buxey you may sayl in six or seven fathom and towards the Middle-ground in eight fathom in the Fair-way there is seven fathom and on this tayl there is but two fathom at low-water The Buxey and Buoy The Buxey is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of Whitaker and stretcheth it self South-west and North-east falling dry at low-water At the North end thereof lyeth a Buoy betwixt this Buoy and the South-west end of the Gunfleet goeth in a Channel called the Spits where there is but six and seven foot at low-water being a quarter of a mile broad Marks for the Spits The Mark for it is a flat Steeple called great Holland bring it into a small Swamp or Gaul in a red Cliff then doth the Church bear North half westerly then steer in North-west till your water deepen then bear down toward the Naze according to your wind the nearer the Gunfleet the deeper the water is as you sayl you shall have 5 6 7 8 fathom water The Gunfleet and Buoy The Gunfleet is a long Sand by judgment eight or nine miles and hath in it some small Swatches the South-west end of it and the North-east end is flat and good shoaling but on either side steep in some parts of it more than other You may sayl alongst it on the South side from the south-South-west end downwards in seven fathom till you come within a large mile of the Buoy come no nearer then nine fathom Here lyeth a Hook E. S. E. off from the Sand a long Cables length A Hook on the South-east side of which goeth a small Swatch quite through the Sand to the North-west which causeth the Tyde to set in there so that when Vessels pass near it if not careful in time it draweth them into the Swatch or upon the Hook to avoid which come no nearer this part of the Sand then ten fathom From this Hook to the North-east end this Sand is very steep too but at the end flat as aforesaid This Sand lyeth North-east and south-South-west a good part of it dryeth in some parts half a mile and other parts one third of a mile broad and if you stand from this Sand to the Heaps come no nearer them than ten fathom in the middle of the Channel is eight fathom The Buoy of the Gunfleet lyeth from the Naze South-east by East four miles The Heaps The Heaps are several Banks of Sand as it were By some called the Hurdles joyning to the North-east end of the Middle-ground E. N. E. and W. S. W. on which at low-water is but seven foot and very steep too and runs down about three miles the North-east end thereof doth bear from the Naze South by East half casterly The Channel betwixt them and the Gunfleet is four miles broad in turning up or down come no nearer them then ten fathom Some of these Heaps do dry on Spring
Tydes These are noted in the Draught with the Letter b. The Andrews The Andrews is a narrow Point of small stones that lie out from Landguard Point near half a mile and dryeth at low-water On the South-west side of this Spit lyeth several heaps of small stones that also dry at Spring-tydes but when you have the two Light-houses in one sayling so it directeth you free of them and as you sayl out of Harwich to the northwards when you have brought Bawdsey Steeple open of the Land to the south of Bawdsey then are you clear of the Andrews Oazely-Bay and may sayl towards Oazely-Bay The Altar The Altar is a small Ridge that lyeth N. N. W. and S.S.E. right against Landguard-fort the Channel here at low-water is not more than a Cables length broad on the Fort side is five fathom on the Altar is six foot at low-water a Cables length within the Fort is a Cross Ridge on which at low-water A Cross Ridge is but fifteen foot it lyeth quite cross the Channel then you must sayl along the Beach on the Fort-side to avoid the great Flat called the Guard Guard that lyeth off from Harwich-Town till you bring open Manning-Tree and a high Tree that stands to the southwards of the Hill Point next above Harwich-Town in Manning-Tree-Water then may you anchor where you please in five six or seven fathom Shotley-Point taking care of a long spit of Sand that runs out from Shotley-point cross to Ipswich-Water This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter i. The Ridge The Ridge is a small Bank of great stones and lyeth on the South side of you as you sayl in by the Andrews on which is four or five foot at low-water The mark to avoid it is to bring the two Light-houses at Harwich in one and if you shut Harwich Mill in the North end of the Cliff you run right on it if open then you may go clear it lies North-east and south-South-west and is but narrow and half a mile in length Noted in the Draught with the Letter k. The Rowling-Grounds The Rowling-grounds is the Road where commonly Ships ride being without the Altar and within the Ridge and thwart the Andrews where is at low-water four or five fathom Marks of the Rowling-grounds The Marks for it are to bring the Wind-mill on the North end of Harwich-Cliff and the Beacon on Bawdsey-Cliff over the North-east Point of the Beach that runs from Landguard-Fort to the northwards The Platters The Platters are several Heaps and Banks of small stones that lie between Landguard-Fort and Woodbridge-Haven Woodbridge-Haven they lie close to the shore To avoid them come no nearer than four fathom To the northwards near Woodbridge-Haven A shoal lyeth a small shoal where is but ten foot at low-water To avoid this come no nearer than five fathom off the shore thereabout This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter l. West-Rocks The West-Rocks are a great many Heaps and Banks joyned together having several small Swatches amongst them the ground being of several qualities partly Sand and partly stones both great and small in several places it dries and in most other parts of it but two three four five foot at low water the ground uneven and is of great extent N. E. and S. W. about 3 miles and lyeth N. W. and S. E. near 5 miles There are several shoals that lie within it on the N. W. side that are accounted parts of it and the Cork-Sand that lyeth on the North side of it there being only a smal Swatch of 7 foot water that parts them the S. W. part of this shoal lyeth a mile half from the Buoy of the Gunfleet North by East and N. N. E. you must come no nearer to it then seven or eight fathom on the South side when you are to the southward and against the Body of it then Harwich-Church will be a little nearer to Landguard-Fort than to Harwich-Cliff Marks of the West-Rocks The Cork The Cork is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the West-Rocks and doth almost joyn to them there being only a small Swatch of seven foot water betwixt them it dries at low-water and lyeth near three miles from Landguard-Fort and South-east by East from the out-part of the Andrews The marks to go clear of it in and out is to bring Harwich-Church on a black Brew-house that stands a little within the Land as is before exprest in the going out of Harwich The Cutler The Cutler is a shoal that lyeth off from the North-East of Bawdsey-Cliff a small mile on which is but six foot at low-water This Sand lies badly if men be not careful of it because the Tyde of Flood or Ebb sets so right upon it that if a Ship cometh aground it is bad getting off the Tyde binding so directly on it you may come in four fathom of it in the Fair-way is five and six fathom it is almost round and very hard ground Longst mark The longst mark to keep clear of it is to bring Harwich-steeple a Sayles breadth open of Felsteed Cliff Thwart mark The thwart mark for it is Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of a thick Wood by the water side then the Steeple bears off you North-west five degrees West This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter n. The Middle-Ground The Middle-ground is a Bank that lyeth betwixt Orford-haven and Orford-ness half a mile from the shoar on which at low-water is eighteen foot and between it and the shoar is five and six fathom and lies one third part of the way off to the Whiting-Sand it is about half a mile in length and lyeth along as the shoar lyeth between this and the Whiting is six and seven fathom This is noted in the Draught with the Letter o. The Onion The Onion is a round knowl that lies a third part of a mile to the southwards of Orford-ness just within the stream of it and there is on it at low-water fourteen and fifteen foot Marks there are none but to observe the Tydes This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter p. The Sledway The Sledway is a Channel through which all Ships pass that come within the Sands at Orfordness and go up or down the Swin The Marks for it are to bring Bawdsey-steeple open a little to the northward of Bawdsey-Cliff in two or three Trees and then the Church will bear from you N. N. W. and so you must keep those marks together and sayl out S. S. E. in the very best of the Channel which direct you clear of the south-South-ends of the Sands of Orford-Town and of the Cork and West-Rocks to the northward of them and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then it will bear from you North by West and brings you very near the West-Rocks and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple North-west from
you it will bring you near the South end of the Shipwash When you sayl out of the Sledway from Bawdsey it bearing N. N. W. from you the depths are 4 5 6 7 8 9 fathoms then stear south-South-west by West and W. S. W. according to the Wind and that will bring you near the Buoy of the Gunfleet to direct you up the Swin and when you come to ten and eleven then hale South up towards the Buoy of the Gunfleet This Sledway is very uneven Ground you shall have 7 8 and 9 fathom and the next throw 4 and 5 fathom The Whiting The Whiting is a Sand that lyeth against Orford-Town and lyeth North-east by North and South-west by South on which is but five foot at low-water and is in length three miles and a half and in breadth three Cables length the North end of it beareth from the Light-House on Orford-ness S. S. W. four miles and a half and Orford-Church N. N. W. a large mile from the shore the South end is the broadest when you are at the South end in four fathom Marks of the Whiting The Marks are Alterton-steeple West eight degrees northerly and Bawdsey-steeple West by South three degrees southerly This end of the Sand lies from the Shore two miles and about half a mile South-east from this end of the Sand there is but five fathom at high-water Not knowing whether this be that which some Colliers report that lyeth about the South end of the Whiting which they call the Kettle-Bottom being a round Knowl on which some of them said they have seen a Ship aground but could not tell us where it was neither could we find any other The Whiting is noted in the Draught with the Letter q. Bawdsey-Sand This is a Sand that lyeth without the Whiting lying North-east and South-west in length four miles and a half and in breadth three Cables length and a great part of it dryeth at low-tydes The Marks for the South end of it is Bawdsey-steeple North-west six degrees then the Church stands open to the South of a little tuft of Trees This end lyeth from the there four miles and a half and is very steep having eight and nine fathom close to it and a very strong Tyde runs by it Marks for Bawdsey-Sand The Marks for the North end is Orford-Castle North by West six degrees westerly the Light-houses North six degrees easterly five miles off this end is more slat and broad than the south-South-end this end and the South end of the Whiting doth bear North-west by West and South-east by East two miles asunder the depths betwixt them is 6 7 8 9 10 fathom the most and on the East side 8 9 10 fathom and 7 and 8 at the West and from Alterton-Church it lyeth West by North half northerly and from Bawdsey-Church West half southerly then will Bawdsey-Church be on the North end of a short Wood. The Shipwash The Shipwash is a Sand that lyeth without Bawdsey-Sand and is properly so called it having out of doubt washed many a Ship quite away It is a very dangerous Sand by reason of its length and the strength of Tyde that runs by it and the great part of it that dries at low-water and the devouring nature thereof swallowing up any Ship that is lost on it quite out of sight in few dayes it lyeth North by East and South by West and is in length nine miles and in breadth a quarter of a mile but at the South end it is half a mile broad by reason of a Hook that runs off the North-west side as in the Draught is described Marks for the North end of this Sand. The Marks for the North end are Orford-Church North-west six miles off and five miles from the Light-Houses Or Orford-ness South-East by South Marks for the South end The Marks for the South end are Bawdsey-steeple North-west five degrees West eight miles and a half off from the shore The South-east side of this Sand is very steep too having ten fathom close to it but the North-west side is not so steep for you may sayl along that side in seven and eight fathom taking care of the Hook the South end is more flat than the North end The Depths between this and Bawdsey-Sand are 8 9 10 11 12 fathom two miles without this Sand to the East is 15 and 16 fathom Alborough-Knapes Alborough-Knapes is a Sand that lyeth about five miles from Orford-ness The Marks to carry you clear of it are to bring Orford-Church and Castle one in another Alborough-Church West brings you just upon it there is but two fathom and a half water upon it at low-tyde If you come within the Knapes you will have twelve or thirteen fathom water and if you go without it you will have sixteen fathom which are sure notes to know whether you are without or within the Sand. Bernard The Bernard is a Sand that lyeth a little to the northwards of East-ness it lyeth in the Sea North-East one mile and a half the South end lyeth East from Covehithe-Church if you are bound to the northward to go clear of the North-east end of it keep Southwold open of the South end of the Cliff until you bring Leystaff Windmill open to the northwards of the Town of Laystaff The Sea-Horse or Newcomb The Sea-Horse is a Sand or Bank which lyeth thwart the Steeple of Covehithe which is a high sharp Steeple not far from the shore which falleth almost dry at low-water but at half-flood you may sayl through between the Land and it in 2 fathom upon the outer-side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it than in nine or ten fathom When the Steeple of Covehithe is W. N. W. from you then you are to the southward of it and when the Steeple is South-west by West from you then are you to the northwards of it two leagues St. Matthews-Sand Off from Pakesfield almost three miles lyeth St. Matthews Sand being in length one mile and a half and in breadth about three Cables length it lyeth in the Sea North and South the South end beareth from East-ness North-east by North five miles and a half the North end lyeth from Leystaff East by South three miles and a half The Holmes of Yarmouth Off from Leystaff beginneth the Holms of Yarmouth which are several Banks and Sands having many Channels going between them and you may sayl through upon divers Marks if you are acquainted And also within these Banks from Leystaff until you come past Winterton for they reach thwart of it most of the Banks have particular appellations as Corten-Sand Leystaff Knock New-warp Cockle Hombsby Hurd the Knock Middle-ground Thredle-dore St. Nicholas-Sand Scrobe c. If you sayl alongst by the Land you must keep the Soundings of the shore in 5 6 or 7 fathom some of them are steep too on out-side where you may have 12 and 13 fathom but off Thredle-door
St. Nicholas-Sand and Scrobe you have but 4 5 and 6 fathoms three or four miles off To go without the Holm-head keep the Knock-Beacons one in the other Also upon the Ebb if occasion serves you may borrow into four fathom of the North end of the Newcomb or you may go off in 11 or 12 fathom as you please coming from the northwards you must go no nearer the Cockle than five or six fathom but on the shore you may borrow in four fathom Scroby E. N. E. from the Town of Yarmouth two miles from the shore is a Sand called the Scroby lying North and South in the Sea being in length almost two miles this Sand is steep too having on the out-side ten and eleven fathom in the middle of the Channel you will have twenty fathom between it and the New-warp the South end of this Sand lyeth half a mile from the end of the Knowls and the North end almost the same distance from the Knock. New-warp South-east by East five leagues and a half from Winterton-ness lyeth a Sand called New-warp being in length two mile and a half and lyeth in the Sea East and West on it at low-water there is but two fathom without it you will have ten and twelve 〈◊〉 between it and the Hâ—lms five and six fathom but near the Holms ten fathom The Overfalls East from Yarmouth about nine miles lyeth the South end of the Overfalls extending it self to the northwards more than five miles in length but in breadth not considerable This Bank is dangerous because it is very shoal on the East side of it you will have 5 fathom and even ground but being about two miles distant you will have 20 and 24 fathom Bounses The Bounses is a Sand which lyeth North-east a little northerly from Winterton-ness about five miles and a half being round Sand whereon there is three fathom at low-water within it you have 16 and 17 fathom but without it 8 12 and 16 fathom it beareth from New-warp North by West a little westerly about a mile Haseborrough-Sand This Sand lyeth from Haseborrough North-East by East about six miles and a half and lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east being in length two miles and a half the South-east end lyeth from Winterton-ness North and West a little westerly nine miles and a half between it and the shore you have twelve and thirteen fathom water but on it three and four fathom The Owery The Owery is a Sand which beareth from Winterton-ness North-east almost seven leagues distant it lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east being in length about four miles and in breadth a mile and half it lyeth from the Limber East by North distant 3 leagues and a half between which you will have 17 18 and 19 fathom The Limber The Limber is a Sand which beareth from Winterton-ness North by East half easterly and from Haseborrough E. N. E. distant from either of them about four leagues and from New-warp North two leagues between which you will have seventeen and eighteen fathom water it lyeth in the Sea North-west and South-east in length four miles and in breadth a mile and half on the South end there is but two fathom but on the North-west end six fathom at low-water Blackney-Sand This Sand lyeth before Blackney being distant about five miles on the inner side you will have four fathom water and without 4 5 and 6 fathom Pole and Piper The Pole and Piper is a Shoal that lyeth between Blackney and 〈…〉 to the 〈◊〉 The Beacons that you sayl by 〈◊〉 by the Piâ—â—â— at the West end whereof goeth in the Channel of 〈◊〉 Burnham Flats Between Wâ—lls and Burnham there lyeth the great Flat called Burnham-Flats a league distant from the there which at low-water lyeth dry in divers places At high-water you may well go over it The ground on the North side goeth up flat and plain Or the South side it is very steep as soon as you are over 〈◊〉 shoalest you shall get suddenly deep water and good sandy ground within it is good riding for easterly winds The Sonk The Sonk is a Sand which is nigh the South end of Burnham-flats and lyeth to the norward of Chappel-land and is dry at low-water you may sayl about it on both sides Dousings The Dousings is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of Burnham-flats it beareth from Wells North half westerly 21 miles the South side is steep too where you will have nineteen fathom not far from it and on the North side nine and ten fathom Inner-Dousings This Sand lyeth from St. Edmonds North-west by North thirteen miles and from Skegness N. N. E. ten miles Dogs-Head Dogs-head is a small Sand which lyeth on the North side of Wilgriph about a mile from the shore Boston-Knock Is a Sand which lyeth off the Point of Legerness which falleth dry at low-water between it and the Land there is but two fathom but it floweth thereabout five fathom up and down When Legerness bears W. N. W. from you then go on South-west through between the Knock and a Shoal which shooteth off from the westward of Legerness until you can get again the depth of six or seven fathom Long-Sand The body of this Sand lyeth against Legerness distant about three miles being without the Point of the Ness you may run through between Boston-Knock and it when the Trees in the Point come a hand-spikes length to the eastward of Legerness then go on Southwest and you may run right into the Deep between Boston-Knock and Long-Sand between the Knock and the Point of the Long-sand you will have five fathom being past the Knock you will have eight nine and ten fathom deep A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks vvithin the HUMBER Rose THE Rose is a Sand which lyeth before Salt-fleet being a round Sand and is two miles from the shore Riff The Riff is a Shoal which joyneth to the shoar between Sand-hall and Clay-ness and stretcheth it self N. E. by East almost six miles into the Sea the Point whereof lyeth from the Sporn South-east by South four miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles Bull. The Bull is a Sand which lyeth almost in the middle of the Channel on the North-east side whereof lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn South-east half southerly three miles and a half the Buoy lyeth in seven or eight fathom water The thwart Mark of the said Buoy is a House upon the West end of the Cliff of Clay-ness and from thence to Grimsbey-Road and anchor a little below the Beacon Stone Banks These are several small Banks which lie East from the Sporn-head If from the Point of Kelsey you steer South by East until the Point of the Sporn be West half northerly then are you clear of them Borcom Borcom is a Sand which lyeth off Stanningborrough about a mile from the shore on the North side hereof
of the Cliff For the South end bring the Mill near Ramsgate to the northward of Ramsgate-Peer Depths in this Channel at low-water are two and a half three and a half and four fathom the nearer the Brake the deeper This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter s The Brake The Brake is a Sand that lyeth to the westwards of the North part of the Goodwin between this and the Goodwin is the Channel for great Ships to pass the North end of it is the narrowest and most steep too and dries most at low-water The Mark for the North end Is to bring St. Lawrence Steeple on the South end of the Cliff to the northward of Ramsgate-Peer This Sand lyeth N.N.E. and S.S.W. The Mark for the South end Is to bring Ash Steeple open a hand-spikes length to the South of Sandwich Steeple then are you clear to the southward of the South end or else the Wind-mill on the Cliff at the South-east end of the Town of Ramsgate The Depths in this Channel are 7 8 9 10 11 and 12 fathom The Mark to lead through to the northwards of the Cliff of the South-Foreland Point or else Marget Church on the third Cliff from the Foreland northward to the northward of the Bunt-head The Goodwin is not so steep too but you may come there in eight fathom and to the Brake in six and seven fathom according to the time of Tyde This Sand is about two miles long and a quarter of a mile broad The Goodwin The Goodwin is a Sand that lyeth before the Downs and is from the shore in some parts four miles and in some five the southern half lies S.S.W. and N.N.E. rounding towards the South-Foreland the northern part of it lies North South rounding to the East side and is in most places steep too at the North end there is indifferent good shoaling The Sand by storms and strong Tydes alters every year is very broad and dries a great part of it but most to the North end The Marks for to go clear of the North-sand-head Marks for the North-sand-head Is to bring St. Peters steeple on Broad-stairs-Peer this Mark will direct you by it in five and six fathom according to the Tyde and in the Night the Light on the North-Foreland North-west Marks for the South-sand-head half West The Mark for the South-sand-head Is the steeple of Ring-joul on the Village called Kings-down or the Light-Houses on the South-Foreland together From this Sand spits out against the Brake Bunthead a Sand called the Bunt-head which is very steep too having eleven fathom close to it The North end lyeth off Broad-stairs about six miles and the South end about three miles off the shore If you coming from the West do keep Folkston Land open of Dover Land it will carry you without the South-sand-head The Falls The Falls is a long narrow Sand that lies South by West from the Galloper about twelve miles it is fitteen miles in length and lyeth South by West and North by East The South end lies about seven miles without the Goodwin-sand and bears from the Light-House on the South-Foreland E. N. E. about thirteen miles the North end bears from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland E. N. E. about sixteen miles the South end is shoalest where there is but 20 and 21 foot at low-water This end hath a broad round flat head like the Galloper where the Tyde doth ripple and whelm very much close to it there is twenty fathom some say they have been on it in fifteen foot water on the North part of it four four and a half five and five fathom and a half Whether it alters or not we cannot learn of any the Ground is gross Gravel and the Soundings about it are very uneven a mile within and without the North end there is 27 fathom it is steep too on both sides The Soundings we had from the North-Foreland are 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 22 24 27 28. 24 23 22 20 11 6 and a half and on the North end there is as about the South end 15 19 20 25 28 fathom within and without it The Galloper The Galloper is a Sand that lies near South-east by South from the Gabard about ten miles and is properly so called by reason of the great length of it with the strength and crossness of the Tyde that sets over it being very steep on both sides all which in foul weather makes such a great short Sea that if any Ship come near it it makes Her and the People in Her to gallop to get from it Of all the Sands none are like to this for narrowness it is a wonder that being it consists on the upper part of small shingle or stones and the Tydes setting so strong and cross over it together with the Sea that must fall upon it in foul weather being so great with the steepness on both sides and the narrowness atop that it is not dispersed and carried away It is supposed that the most part of this Shoal some depth under the shingle is a Rock the top whereof holds in the shingle And it is also very like that it doth alter every Winter in stormy weather it lyeth North by East and South by West in length it is eight miles and a half and in breadth twenty or thirty foot but at the South end it hath a broad head and flat at top half a mile broad but steep too round about it close to the South end was a Hole where we saw the Tyde make a very great whelming and ripling we thought that the least water had been there but when we had hove the Lead within it we had twenty fathom the next cast without it we had but 7 8 9 and 10 fathom The North end of it bears from Orford Church South-east seven degrees East 24 miles off The South end bears from the North-Foreland North-east five degrees North 27 miles Within the body of this Sand we met with a Hole S.W. and N. E. three miles in length where we had twenty fathom water Other Depths that we had betwixt this Sand and the Shipwash were 14 16 17 18 and 20 fathoms and such like On the South-east side of this Sand two miles off we had from the Sand off-ward 15 17 18 20 24 and 26 fathom The Tyde sets over it North-east by East and South-west by West four leagues a Watch and it floweth South North and hath but 14 and 15 foot at low-water on the top of the Spring and close to the outward side of the Sand you will have 14 fathom and at the inner side ten and eleven fathom The Gabard The Gabard is a Sand that lies near East from the Shipwash about eight or nine miles and lyeth North and South being in length three miles and a Cables length broad on which at low-water there is but 12 or 13 foot and hath good
shoalings on both sides it lyeth E. S. E. five leagues from Orford Church and Castle Bearings of the Gabard The Depths between this Sand and Orford-Ness is near 18 19 and 20 fathom only a mile W.N.W. from the North end of it we had two casts off 27 fathom The South end of it by judgment lies from the North end of the Galloper nine or ten miles South-East by South and North-west by North. The Depths betwixt this Sand and the North end of the Galloper were 14 15 16 17 and 18 fathom Kentish-Knock The Kentish-Knock is a Sand the body whereof lies five miles South from the Long-sand-head and is three miles in length North-east and south-South-west and in breadth two miles North-west and South-east This Sand hath the resemblance of an Oval and hath a Ridge in the middle from North-west to South-east on which there is but six foot at low-water To the North-east and South-west of this Ridge there is 18 10 12 14 and 15 foot as you are near the ends of it and it is steep too round about Between this and the Long-sand is a Channel near two miles broad where there is twelve and thirteen fathom from the south-South-west and North-east end of this shoal runs a Ridge more then a mile to the North-east and South-west on which there is 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom and off either side more water South by East from the Long-sand-head you will go to the eastwards of this shoal To the E. S. E. of this you will quickly come in 15 17 19 and 20 fathom water Bearings of the Kentish-Knock The body of this Knock lies from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland N. N. E. three degrees East fifteen miles the North-east end of the Knock and the Long-sand-head bears South by East and North by West A Note to know the Knock from the Long-sand To know when you are near the Knock or Long-sand-head is thus When you are near the Knock you shall see the Land of the North-Foreland very plain but when you are at the Long-sand-head you will hardly see the Land except it be very clear weather or unless you go up the shrouds At the Knock you may see it plainly on the Deck Pan-Sands These are a heap of small Sands of divers shapes lying at the South-west end of the Long-sand which dries at low-water and hath some water ranning betwixt them but no passage for ships one of which Sands joyns to the south-South-west end of the Girdler and lies up from it W. S. W. in length two miles and a half and makes the entrance into the Black-deeps where the Channel is but half a mile broad and 10 11 and 12 fathom water The rest of these Pan-sands lie E.S.E. from this four miles and then trend away North-east five miles and a half even with the Long-sand and to it These Sands are noted in the Draught with the Letter E. The Girdler The Girdler is a Sand that lies South-west from the Long-sand and spits home to it it lies North-east by East and South-west by West it is four miles and a half long and half a mile broad being steep too on the North-west side where there is 12 15 16 fathom water From the North-east end of this Sand to the South-westward the Channel grows narrower and narrower This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter D. The Long-Sand The Long-sand is properly so called by reason of its great length containing fifteen miles and a half in breadth it is from one mile to two and lies North-east by East and South-west by West On the North-west side it is steep too having in most places ten fathom close to it But at the North-east end which is called Long-sand-head is good shoaling lying off a mile N.E. but in nine fathom the South-east side not so deep you may sayl along it in 4 5 and 6 fathom Much of this Sand dries at three quarters Ebb and in some parts of it there is long narrow swatches two or three one by another Long sand Head which run upward and downward as the Sand lies in which at low-water was three and four fathoms the Ridges between are dry The Head of this Sand bears from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland S. S. W. and N. N. E. about twenty miles and from the Naze E. S. E. five degrees South 17 miles and from the South end of the Galloper West five degrees South Bearings of the Long-sand about eleven miles and from the North end of the Falls it bears North-west by North about sixteen miles At the Head of this Sand it flows North and South and the Flood and Ebb sets on several Points of the Compass The Shivering-Sand The Shivering-sand runs up to the south-South-west from Knock-John and lyeth North-east and South-west being in length about seven miles and in breadth a mile running away sharp at both ends and rounding on the North-west side where you have 8 9 and 10 fathom close to it on the South side 10 and 12 fathoms and in the middle between it and the Girdler there is 12 13 14 and 15 fathoms From the south-South-west end of this to the Buoy of the Red-sand is three miles W.S.W. and E.N.E. and from the North-west end of the Mouse to this Sand is four miles and a half East by South and West by North and from the south-South-west end of this to the south-South-west end of the West-Barrows is two miles and one third N.N.W. S.S.E. and from the south-South-west end of this to the south-South-west end of the Pan-sands is half a mile South by East and North by West Knock-John Kneck-John is a Sand that lies at the south-Southwest end of the Sunk lying North-east by East and south-South-west by West and is in length about six miles and a mile broad in the middle growing narrower towards each end and runs up with a Tayl on the North-west side of the Shivering-sand where there is a small swatch that parts them but is not navigable This Sand is winding and sharp at both ends the North-east end tayling on the south-South-west side of the Sunk A great part of this Sand dries at half-tyde and is steep too on both sides having ten fathom close to it Betwixt this and the Long-sand the Channel is a mile and three-quarters broad and betwixt this and the East-Barrows it is a mile broad The Sunk The Sunk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the Long-sand Bearings of the Sunk whose North-east ends do bear one from the other E. S. E. and W. N. W. about two or three miles distant between them both enters the Channel called the Black-deeps where there is 11 12 13 14 Black-deeps 15 fathom water and ten fathom close to the Sands on both sides This Sand lyeth North-east by East and South-west by West about eight miles and a half the West end running a little on the North-west side of
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the south-South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and south-South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the south-South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North
a Bank whereon is two fathom betwixt the Head of Meyland and the same Bank men may run through in three sathom at half-flood under Calice-Cliff you may anchor in ten fathom but at the West end lyeth a Rock under water a Bow shot from the Land The Cliff The Cliff is the outer or westermost Bank and lyeth from Calice-Cliff N.N.E. about four leagues and a half and hath three fathom and a half water on it betwixt this and the Ruyting goeth a wide deep Channel of 23 and 24 fathom and lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. half easterly and S. S. W. half westerly and is in length almost three miles Ruyting The Ruyting is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by North about four leagues where you will have five or six fathom but on the South end is a Ridg of one fathom and a half this Sand lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length almost seven miles when the South end of Winoxberg cometh betwixt the two flat Steeples to the westward of Dunkirk then are you thwart of the Ridg Also there standeth three or four Mills to the eastwards of Dunkirk when the outermost cometh ever the East end of the Town then the Steeple of Dunkirk shall bear from you South-east five leagues this is a good mark for the said Ridge This Saud is very dangerous because it lyeth in the Fair-way Dike The Dike is a Bank that lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east nine miles the depth of water on it is four and five fathom upon the South and North end of this Bank are Ridges on the southermost is but one fathom and lyeth upon the Marks of Wynoxberge about North-west somewhat westerly from Dunkirk on the northermost there is about four fathom and two foot and lyeth N. W. from the Cloyster Tenduynen it lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues and a half Rattle The Rattle is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by East and hath 3 4 and 5 fathom water on it on the South end is a Ridge where you have but one fathom at low-water at Spring-tydes these Ridges fall dry Between this and the Dike goeth a Channel of twelve fathom to the northward until you are against the Ridge hereof then you will have 9 4 7 and 17 fathom then are you clear of it Betwixt it and Broad-bank goeth a great Channel of 19 and 20 fathom in all the Channels betwixt the said Banks you may turn to windward from one Bank to another and anchor betwixt them where you will this Bank lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues being about four and three quarters distant from Calice-Cliff Broad-Bank The South end hereof lyeth from Calice-Cliff N. E. by East three leagues three quarters and hath a Ridge on the South end where there is but half a fathom at low-water this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east and south-South-west being in length five leagues on the S. W. end you have 5 7 and 8 fathom and on the N.E. end 1 1 and a half 2 2 and a half 3 4 and 5 fathom from the S. side which is convex runneth off a Spit E.N.E. 3 miles whereon is but 1 and a half and 2 fathom the N.E. end lyeth from Newport West by North 4 leagues and a quarter and from the Cloyster of Tenduynen North-west by North three leagues and a half When Graveling is South-East from you then are you thwart of the South end of the foresaid Banks and when Newport is South-east by East then are you thwart of the North end of them Splinter The Splinter is a Bank which runneth off from the wester Head of Dunkirk two leagues long which falleth dry at low-water in many places you may sayl behind this Bank by the shore from the westward almost to the westward Head of Dunkirk and there may anchor in 5 6 7 and 8 fathom about half a league from the westward Head there runneth a Channel through the foresaid Bank where small Ships may pass through at high-water the West end lyeth from Graveling N. N. W. four miles Quade-Bank or Brake The Quade-Bank runneth off to the eastwards of the Head of Dunkirk at least two leagues to the westward ending thwart the Heads of Dunkirk to the eastward of the easter Head you may anchor behind the Bank sheltered for a North-west a North and Northeast Winds you have two fathoms there at low-water but in the coming in it is shoaler before the Havens Mouth of Dunkirk is nine and ten fathom and to the westward of the wester Head 6 7 and 8 fathom from thence men may run over the small Bank in three fathom and come against the Broad-bank North-Cames North-Cames is a Bank which lyeth near the North end of the Brakes and lyeth from Dunkirk N. N. E. about a league being in length two miles whereon you will have but two foot at low-water but on the East side 7 8 and 9 fathom Cames The Cames is a Bank whereon there are many Ridges which have but 2 fathom at low-water you may run through between the Land and this Bank in 8 9 10 fathom and may ride theâ—e for all winds it lyeth from Dunkirk North-east four miles and from the Sâ—â—â—es one mile Brewers-Bank The Brewers-Bank is triangular and lyeth thwart of the Cloyster Tenduynen W. N. W. from the shore about a league in the Sea when the said Cloyster lyeth South from you then are you at the innermost part hereof you may run through between the Land and this Bank in four fathom and low-water but men do run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayl through within the Banks alongst the Coast of Flanders Small-Bank On Small-bank you have but two three and four fathom at low-water and lyeth without the Cames and Brewers-bank about a mile and half and from the shore a league it lyeth in the Sea North-east by East and South-west by West in length almost two leagues it lyeth from Dunkirk North. Stone-Bank When the Cloyster of Tenduynen beareth from you South-east then are you thwart of the Stone-Bank or the Ridge which is on the middle of it whereon there is but three foot at low-water and sometimes falleth dry at Neap-tydes this Bank lyeth from the shore about five miles and hath on the East side a Hook which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing almost against Newport on it you have three fathom in the Channel between this and the Small-bank there is 7 8 and 9 fathom between the South-west end of this and the Broad-bank from which it is distant about a mile runneth also a Channel of 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Call-Bank Call-bank of some called Small-bank which lyeth alongst by or without the Stone-bank almost a league betwixt them is a Channel of 7 9 and 10 fathom without it you have a Channel of 8 10 12 and 14 fathom
and at some places 10 and 11 fathom as it is shewed in the Chart by the number of feet and all at low-water A Chart of the EEMES ELVE Amelander gat Lauâ—ers Schollâ—â—lgh Weser Eyder and isever and how the same doth bare from Holy land by John Seller A Chart of the Coast of IUTLAND with the Adjacent Islands shoals and depthes from the Hever to the Schaw by John Seller A Chart of the SOUTH SEA Texel and Fly-stream with all the Sands Depths and Soundlings by John Seller A Chart of the EEMES as the Easter and Wester Eeams Scholbalgh the Lauâ—â—er by John Seller A Chart of the FLY and AMELANDER gat by John Seller A Chart of the WESER and Iade by John Seller Regis Hydrographus A Chart of the MAES 〈◊〉 Showing the Chanâ—â—â— of Brewers haven Zierick and Viergat by Iohn Seller Regis Hydro The Coast of HOLLAND Between the Maes and the Texel by Iohn Seller Regis Hydrog Directions for Sayling into all the Harbours upon the East-Coast of England from the Downs to Flambrough-head shewing the Marks for bringing a Ship to an anchor in any of the Roads and Harbours on the said Coast The Depth and Soundings amongst the Sands and the Nature and Quality of the Ground With the setting of the Tydes c. Directions for the Mouth of the River FRom the Point of the Hope called Sands-bead-Point down as far as the Isle of Sbeppy the Reach lyeth East and West A little below Sands-bead-Point is Cliff-Creek and between this Creek and that Point lyeth Blyth-Sand which lyeth close by the Shore whereon is but seven foot at low-water Right against Cliff-Creek lyeth Shell-haven on the North side and a little below that lyeth Hull-Haven about a Cables length from the Shore lyeth Rocks Hull-Haven-Scarrs called Hull-Haven-Scars which are very dangerous for a Ship that draweth but twelve foot water hath been aground on them A mile to the eastwards of these Rocks is the entrance into Lee-Swatch the Chanuel going into Lee is at the eastermost part of the Sand between the Marsh Point and it A mile below this entrance into Lee Canvey-Island right against which Town is a low Island called Canvey and from the eastermost Point runneth off a Sand four miles in length Chapman There is also a Sand called the Chapman lyeth far from the Shore and is steep too for close by it you will have seven fathom water and the next cast a-ground and to the eastward of the Chapman lyeth a smooth Sand which is dry at low-water and between this Sand and the Kentish Shore there are two middle Grounds which do tayl down from Shooberry to the Whitaker and there is no riding for a Ship that draweth 17 18 or 19 foot water From between Shooberry-ness and the Nower and so down to Black-tayl Warp there lyeth a Sand called the Warp whereon there is not above three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water on the southermost side right against Shooberry-ness is a Sand called the Nower whereon is a Buoy which is right against the West-swayl coming out of the Waters of the Medway which lyeth between the Isle of Grean and the Isle of Sheppy Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower When you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be foutherly Blyth-sand keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blyth-sand which lyeth close to the South-shore and accordingly observe these marks to carry you clear of it keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Sands-bead-Point or if it be in the Night or hasey weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven fathom at high-water on the South side and that depth will carry you clear with out the Sand Nower-bead and those depths will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the wind be northerly then you must keep the North-shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hull-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may come down to the Nower and if you please you may come to an anchor at the East end of the Nower and that you may know how to anchor clear of the Sand bring Prickelwel steeple a Sayles breadth to the eastward of the Wood that is on the North-shore by the water side and there you may come to an anchor Directions to sayl from the Nower to the northward through the Swin From the tayl of the Nower or thwart of Shooberry-ness to the Black-tayl the course is E. N. E. Black but if the wind be westerly you may keep along the Essex-shore and you may wear off and on the Sand in six or seven fathom water or keep the Hill to the westward of Bemfleet open of Hadly-land above Lee and that Mark will lead you down to Black-tayl Thwart marks for the Black-tayl are the tuft of Trees upon the Kentish-shore called Challock-Trees right over the Isle of Sheppy commonly called the Lands-end from the Black-tayl to the Shoâ—-beacon the course is North-east and you may borrow off and on upon the Sand in 6 7 or 8 fathom water until you come to the Shoo-beaton for there it is deeper and steep to the Land This Deep is called the Shoo-hole Shoo-hole where you shall have 10 11 12 or 13 fathom according as the Tyde is by which depth you may know where you are and the Hole is not above half a mile in length Right against the Shoo-beacon the tayl of the East-barrows-bead East-Rarâ—w â— extends from the eastwards very far so that the Channel is narrowest in that place and is not a mile over From the Shooe to the Whitaker-beacon the course is N. N. E. if the wind be westerly you may borrow upon the Sand in six or seven fathom and when you are right thwart of the Whitaker-beacon the Mouth of Bornam-water will be directly West from you and the spire Steeple that is three miles to the northward of Bornam will bear North-west half northerly From the Whitaker to the Buoy of the Buxey Buoy of the Buâ—ey or the entring in of the Spit the course is North by East about 5 miles you may borrow upon this Sand in five six or seven fathom which will carry you clear within two middle Grounds that lyeth between you and the East-barrows on the westermost middle Ground there is ten foot at low-water but on the eastermost there is not so much for in some places it is almost dry At the South end of this Middle-ground there lyeth a Buoy which is almost a mile below the Whitaker-beaton Whitaker-Beacon if the wind be easterly you must be careful to give the Buoy a Birth for the tayl of that Sand is flat and tayleth over towards the Whitaker being to the North-west of this Buoy then edge over to the eastward and you shall have the deepest water toward that Sand
you please before the Town in four five six or seven fathom-water or you may go further into the Bight for it is every where clean Other directions to sayl into Harwich The Mark in this Channel to sayl into Harwich is to keep the top of Harwich Steeple half way betwixt the Fire-beacon on Harwich and the North end of the Cliff or the lower Light-house a little open of the North end of Harwich Cliff and so sayl in N. N. W. keeping those marks so till you come within half a mile of Harwich Cliff then bear to the North-eastwards so far till you bring the body of the Church open to the northwards of the Cliff then edge toward Land-guard-Fort till you bring both the Light-houses in one then run in with them so till you see your self within the South Point of the Andrews which you shall know by having Bawdsey Church open and shut on the Land to the Southwards of Bawdsey or if there be any Sea or half-tyde the Andrews is plain to be seen then you must edge near to the Beach where the Fort stands to shun the Altar another Shoal that lyeth directly against the Fort. To sayl out of Harwich In the North Channel you may sayl out as is before described in the going in till you come without the Fort then bring the two Light-houses into one and so sayl out till you bring the Steeple open of the Land to the southward of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you clear of the Andrews and Ridge then steer North-east by East until you bring Harwich-Church on the North side of a black House called the Brew-house which stands a little to the northward of Landguard-Fort keeping them marks so standing until you bring Bawdsey-Church open a little to the northward of the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you open of the Sledway Between Alborough and Dunwich half way lyeth a Wood which is high at both ends and the midst low in form of a Saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the Land thereabouts and is the best to know the Coast 〈◊〉 for the Land without and to the southwards is very low and shingly ground about two leagues to the southward of Alborough lyeth Orfordness between them both there standeth two Woods which sheweth at a distance like Castles and Towers on Orfordness standeth a flat Steeple and a broad Castle which hath also a thick flat Steeple almost in fashion like the Steeple of Ranop open above with Holes in it like Bell-holes before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom water somewhat soft ground Before Alborough is the best Road of all the Coast thereabouts in six or seven fathom To know Bawdsey Oasly and Alterton Churches Bawdsey-Church is the highest and biggest Steeple being flat at top as the others are it stands to the south-wards of all the rest a mile from the Shore Oasly-Church hath a flat large Steeple but is lower than the other two and stands a mile to the northwards of Bawdsey-Steeple three quarters of a mile from the Sea Alterton-Steeple stands to the northwards of Oasly-Church a mile and a half it is a very high square Steeple but much smaller than the other two and stands about a mile from the Sea To sayl out of the Sledway to the North-Foreland First Bring the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff north-North-West from you then shall you see a flat Steeple right with a Cliff which you must keep on or a little open of the Cliff-end until you bring Beamont-Tree on the Naze-land W. N. W. and then you may steer South-East or South-east by South if the Wind serves having not less water than seven or eight fathom and when you have laid the Netherland to water you may sound for the Kentish-Knock and come no nearer it than 8 or 9 fathom as the Wind and Tyde serves and being about the Knock you may go S. S. W. as you see occasion To sayl out at the back-side of the Gun-fleet If you will sayl out at the back-side of the Gunfleet being in the Sleds in seven fathom borrow on the West-Rocks in four or five fathom steering S. S. W. or South-west by West but go not to the southwards of five fathoms till you be over the tayl of the Rocks and when you are over the Rocks you shall have seven or eight fathom but go not without eight fathom on the West side and borrow on the Gunfleet in six or seven fathom going South-west by South or South-west till you come up to the Spits or as you see occasion To sayl by the Naze to the Northwards From the Eagle to the Naze you may borrow to the Shore and the course is N. E. by North or N. N. E. to go by the Naze you must bring Harwich-steeple unto the East part of the Saddle in the cliff-Cliff-end be sure you shut not St. Hellen into the Naze before you bring the Steeple into the Saddle and so you may steer with the Steeple until you bring the Dove-house with the Naze or the Naze-end unto a Tree on the lower end of the Hedge-row that is to the southward of the House and being in one then may you have your other marks and steer to the eastward keeping the House and Tree in one and more to the southward of the Hedge-row in the lower end of the Field a stones cast from the Hedge is a lively Tree or great Bush which you may bring into a Tree between two high Trees that are to the southward of the House and these marks you may keep in one steering North-east by North keeping Harwich-steeple open of the East end of the Cliff and then you may bear in with the Harbour but the best water is when the Steeple is on the Hommock between the Beacon and the Cliff and so steer to the northwards as you please To sayl clear of Alborough-Knapes East from Alborough two leagues lyeth Alborough-Knapes which is a Sand that at low-water is not deeper than seven or eight foot you may sound round about it in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer with Sea-winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the Sea but with northerly and westerly winds the Sea breaks not at all upon it if it be fair weather he that runneth by it to the northwards with an Ebb shall see it ripple much upon it likewise upon most of the English Bank and indeed not upon the Banks but against them for upon the shoalest of them is alwayes the smoothest water as experience teacheth every where When as Alborough is West from you and the two Steeples of Orforness one in the other there you shall find Albôrough-Knapes These are sure marks of that Sand. To sayl to the westward of the Whiting-Sand The Whiting is somewhat a small long Sand lying to the southward of Orfordness and the shingly ground to the southward of Alborough lyeth alongst the Reach but the
more From Flambrough-head to New-Castle the course is North-west or W.N.W. but if you keep the Shore the course is more northerly Directions for St. Nicholas-Gat and Yarmouth-Road From Alborough-bay your course to Yarmouth-sands is North by East and when you are thwart the South end of Holm-head you shall have 17 or 18 fathom water which is directly thwart of Leystaff and being past that you may borrow upon the Sand in 7 8 or 9 fathom water until you have brought Goulston-steeple which is the southermost Steeple of the two upon the North Peer of Yarmouth and steer with those Marks one over the other till you come to six or seven fathom water upon the Shore and then bearing to the northward anchor at the South end of Yarmouth or before as you shall think convenient in 6 7 8 or 9 fathom water from whence if you are bound to the northward and would go over Castorness steer alongst the 〈…〉 in 5 6 or 7 〈…〉 the back of the Barber-Sand 〈◊〉 you have brought the Light-houses one over another Cockle and then beaâ— within the Buoy of the Cockle borrowing upon the Main in 6 5 or 4 fathom until you come thwart of Winterton and that depth will lead you until you come within the Middle-ground that â—â—th not above twelve foot water And when you have brought Winterton Light-houses S.S.W. from you you may steer oâ—t N. N. E. until you come to 8 or 9 fathom water and then you may be sure you are without the Ness and may steer alongst the Coast or direct your course as you have the Wind. But if you be in Yarmouth Road with a Ship that draweth 17 or 18 foot water your best course is to go to the northward betwen the Cockle and Scroby Marks of the Channel are as follows You must bring the southermost round Tower of Yarmouth to bear with the two southermost Windmills To sayl between the Cockle Scrâ—ty and so run until you bring the said Tower open of the Mills the breadth of the Tower and so steer into the northward with that mark which will carry you out between the two Sands Also there is another nearer mark which is therefore better but they come all to one which is The Wind-mill that stands on the North-west part of the Town a little Sayls breadth to the westward of the North-west Tower of Yarmouth it sheweth like unto a Dove-house this mark will lead to the northwards and you shall not have less than six or seven fathom until you come to the Sea-heads which is a Shoal that lyeth thwart between the two Sands on which there is not above four fathom or four fathom and a half at low-water and when the Wind-mills come one upon another then you enter upon the South part of the Shoal which will continue without deepning or shoaling until Winterton-Church and the Light-house be one in the other and then you may presently come into deeper water and may steer away unto the northward North-west or North-west by West or North-west by North and this course shall carry you clear within the Rock that lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. from Winterton on which you shall not find fifteen foot at low-water in some places If you be coming from the northward and would go into this Channel follow this direction To the North-west of Haseborough you shall see a low flat Church keep that a Sayls breadth off Haseborough-Cliff and steering directly with this Mark will bring you into the Channel before mentioned Yarmouth-Road To bring you into Yarmouth-Road and to know the right Church when it is open and shut of the Cliff of Haseborough is this When Haseborough-Church doth bear North-west by West from you and steering away South-east by East will bring you into the Marks and Channel aforesaid and within all the Over-falls that lie short of Wintertenness From Winterton to Haseborough-Point the course is North-west three leagues From Haseborough to Cromar the Coast lyeth North-west and West by North and W.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues Thus sheweth the Land between Winterton and Cromer Winterton Mock-Beggers-Hall Thus sheweth the Land to the northwards of Winterton as far as Haseborough as you sayl by it Castor Haseborrough Thus sheweth the North Coast of England betwixt Yarmouth and Cromer when you sayl through within the Banks Castor Winterton Haseborrough Cromer These three Figures belong to each other The Land lyeth from Cromer to Bornham first W. N. W. and West by North and then West and West by South nine or ten leagues Thwart of Mock-beggars-Hall not far from the Shore lyeth a little Flat where no Ship can go over but you may come within six or seven fathom of it you may also run betwixt it and the Land in two fathom water To sayl into Blakney From Cromer unto Blakney it is two or three leagues At Blakney standeth a high Steeple which you may see alongst far over the Land when it cometh to the little Steeple then you have the first buoy of the Channel which lyeth at the South end of the Pole which is a Sand at the West end of the Channel of Blakney go from the first Buoy to the other and so alongst by them until you come within the Haven this is a Tyde-Haven and is dry at low-water To sayl into Wells Four leagues to the westward of Blakney lyeth Wells betwixt them both the aforesaid Shore Pole and Piper called the Pole and Piper There is a Shoal that lyeth far off from the Land at the West end of which goeth in the Channel of Wells The Beacons that you sayl by stand all alongst by the Piper when Hoebrom beareth E. S. E. from you and the Trees against the Steeple then you may sayl open into the Haven of Wells Directions for Lin-Deeps between Wintertonness and the Spurn-head From Wintertonness to Flamborrough-head the course is North-West and North-west by North as the wind is In which course when you come to the Well which is near about Blakney S.S.W. and South-west by South from you there you have divers Overfalls upon some of them there is not above 13 or 14 foot at low-water and are very short Knowls many men are of opinion that it is Land grown up about some Vessels that have been sunk as they were coming from New-Castle in Queen Elizabeths dayes and since so that it is very dangerous for a Ship that draweth 16 or 17 foot water to go through the Well for no man can shape a course to be certain to go through the Well escaping the Overfalls they being so many and lying so scattered in your course between Flamborrough and Winterton but in your W. N. W. and E. S. E. courses between the Spurn and Norfolk-Coast there is no fear of Overfalls for in that course you shall have eight or ten fathom a certain depth for three or four leagues together Between Wells and Bornham there lyeth a Bank you may ride under it in
the Buoy of the Searn is a good Road for Ships to ride in called the Gore Gore which is useful for Ships when they have not wind and weather to carry them over the Flats The Marks for the best Riding Marks for good anchorage Is to bring a Mill in the midst of a Wood near the Sea side and St. Peters Church in the midst of Westgate-bay together There is also a shoal called the Middle-ground at the Cliff end Middle-ground which lyeth a little below the Hook near the Shore on the South side on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom being a small narrow Ridge and lyeth E. N. E. and W. S. W. in longth three quarters of a mile The Mark to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of Westgate-bay or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward This is also a good mark for the Hook downwards or from Margaret Sand upwards Margaret Sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay on the North side of the Channel The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget Church North half westerly The Mark to go clear of the East end Is to bring Marget Steeple and the Wind-mill in one The depths you have along the Sand as you turn up and down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathom the greatest part of this Sand dries at low-water If you be to turn up in the Night between the Main and Marget-Sand you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-grounds Middle-grounds upon the innermost Middle-ground you shall have five fathom and a half and to the southwards of it you shall have 6 7 or 8 fathom as the Tyde is high without the inner Middle-ground you shall have 8 9 or 10 fathom and then you shall have seven or eight as the Tyde is and without that nine or ten fathom and when it comes to shoal again you may be sure it is on the Sand and likewise the shoaling on the Main within the inner Middle-grounds these Middle-grounds do reach up to the Gore and the farther you come to the westwards the shoaler for they tayl unto the Searn and the Dry-sand without it which is called by some men the Girdler The Mark to Ride in Marget Road. The Mark to ride in Marget-Road Is to bring the Mill and Steeple together as far off the Shoar as you please to anchor The greatest part of Marget-sand dries at low-water from Marget-Town up to the Cliff end Above Birchington spits off several shoal places that must be taken care of in turning up and down especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shoar than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Mark to go clear of all the Spits below Marget-Town that runs off the Shoar on the North side of Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland The Gore The Gore is a Road where Ships use to ride when they have not wind and weather to sayl over the Flats Marks of the best riding This Road is to the westward of the Hook of Marget-Sand and to the eastwards of the Buoy of the Searn The Mark for it Is to bring the Mill on the middle of a Wood near the Sea-side and St. Peters-Church in the middle of Westgate-bay Westgate-Bay Westgate-bay is a Road where Ships do use to ride A CHART of the NARROW SEAS Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie by reason there is more water and more drift and better ground for anchor-hold then is in the Gore The Mark for it Is to bring a Wind-mill on an old House in the middle of the Bay in seven or eight fathom water A Description of the Channels Black-Deeps The Black-deeps is a Channel that lyeth on the North-West side of the Pan-sands Pan-sands Girdler Long-sand Knock-John Girdler and the Longsand and runneth between them and the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the Sunk The westermost part of this Channel is but a mile in breadth viz. Betwixt the Shivering-sand and the Pan-sands Shivering-sand and all along the inside of the Shivering-sand you will have about ten fathom and on the outward side towards the Girdler several various depths but none less than seven fathom and all down the midst of the Channel you will have about fourteen and fifteen fathom unless it be toward the Sunk where you will have ten fathom The northermost Mouth of this Channel is near five miles betwixt the end of the Sunk and the Long-sand-head Barrow-Deeps The Barrow-deeps is a Channel that lyeth betwixt the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the East and West-barrows The North-east entrance into this Channel is about four miles broad and at the south-South-west entrance between the Mouse and the Shivering-sand it is about three miles In this Channel there be various depths of water as seven eight and nine fathom and in the midst of this Channel it is not above two miles broad The Narrow The Narrow is that Channel that runs between Marget-sand and the Main reaching from the North-foreland through the Buoys of the Woolpack and the Spell Woolpack and Spell in which Channel you will generally have five fathom in the midst at low-water The Swin The Swin is a Channel that leadeth from the Buoy of the Middle-ground up to the Buoy of the Nower having generally nine or ten fathom water in the midst of the Channel The Kings-Channel The Kings-Channel is a broad Channel that cometh out of the Sea from the northward and so passing upon the South-east side of the Gunfleet and the Northwest side of the Heaps and Middle-ground until it cometh into the Swin The Wallet The Wallet is a Channel that lyeth between the North-west side of the Gunfleet and the Main entring between the West-Rocks and the Buoy of the Gunfleet and cometh out again at the Spits The Spits The Spits is a Channel that passeth between the North-west end of the Gunfleet and the Buoy of the Buxey where at low-water is no more than six or eight foot and is but a quarter of a mile broad The marks to come in or out of the Wallet Is to bring the Steeple of Great-Holland which is a flat Steeple into a small Swamp in a red Cliff and then the Church will bear North half easterly and in going in you may steer North-east by North till your water deepen and then bear toward the Naze and the nearer you are to the Gunfleet the deeper water Directions to sayl from Margaret-Road to the North-Foreland and the Marks for both Channels in the Downs From Marget steer down alongst the Shore East and East by North as the Wind is but come no nearer the Shore than in seven or
the Cows-Road or reacheth from the Southwest Point of the Red-Cliff on Bully-side to the eastward of Calshot-Castle on the which there is not above three foot at low-water on a Spring-tyde it lyeth two thirds of the Channel from the Island steer from the Cows-Road North-east by North and North-East until you have brought the whole Town of Hampton open to the eastward of Calshot-Castle then luff up or bear right in with Hampton and you shall go over the Tayl of the Brambles into two fathom and a half or three fathom at low-water and steer in so keeping Hampton open until you come within the Castle There is likewise a Channel between the Brambles and the Main for small Ships but there is not above ten foot at low-water The leading Marks to carry you in or out in this Channel is the westermost Wind-mill or Porch-down right between to the red Patches of the Cliff by the Sea-side near Teachfield-Haven but there is divers Patches on the said Cliff so that this Mark may deceive you therefore look out toward the South-West end of the Wight towards Yarmouth there you shall see two Hills made with a Valley between them also to the eastward of Yarmouth you shall see close by the Water-side a black Hill bring that Hill in the Valley between the aforesaid Hills and something on upon the southermost Hill and that Mark kept will lead you through in fourteen foot water at quarter-flood and when you have brought Hampton open of Calshot-Castle then you are to the eastward of the Spit of Owze that lyeth off from the Castle and may bear in as above-said Directions to sayl into Pool A league to the northward of the aforesaid Point lyeth the Haven of Pool For to sayl in there coming about Hand-fast-Point you must go North-west or somewhat more northerly then you may perceive right a-head a high flat Hill which standeth higher than any other Land thereabouts keep that betwixt two Shores and run in right with it but if you turn in then spare not your Lead and run not farther over to the westward than till that flat Hill cometh to the West-Land when it beginneth to touch you must about or else you shall be fast a-ground when you are about run no further to the eastwards than that the aforesaid Hill cometh over to the East Sand-hill Marks to go into Pool which is a high gray sharp Sand-hill lying at the East side If you keep these foresaid Marks in this manner you shall have going in there at half-flood water enough there remaineth in the shoalest ten and eleven foot at low-water but it floweth there no more than five foot up and down it floweth there twice in one Tyde A South-east and North-west Moon maketh there full Sea also a South by East and North by West Moon maketh high-water which come to pass by reason of the Fore-ebb that cometh out of the Wight when you come without the entry go then N. N. E. on and keep the Beacons that stand on the East Land on the Starboard from you and run indifferent close alongst by them the Shores are on both sides steep and the Channel is not wide without the Channel it is shoal or flat This is Pilots Water Directions for Portland and sayling into Weymouth From the West end of the Wight to the Point of Portland the course is W. S. W. eleven leagues but for Donnose West by South thirteen leagues If you will go to anchor under Portland Portland-Road coming from the West come within a Musquet shot about by the Point of Portland and being come about the second Point whereon the Castle standeth edge up to the westward until you come before the Castle and anchor there in 7 8 9 10 or 11 fathom so that the Point of Portland doth lie South by East and S. S. E. from you there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South and South by East Wind with a South west and a S. S. W. Wind you must be very mindful of the terrible ripling of the Race of Portland which beginneth a little to the westward of Portland and endeth a little to the westward of St. Albons The ground in that Race is very uneven and shoal in some places seven in others ten and also fifteen fathom About a league to the northwards of the Road of Portland Weymouth lyeth a Town called Weymouth which hath a Tyde-Haven before it you may anchor in four or five fathom To sayl from Portland to Exmouth From Portland to Exmouth the course is W. N. W. thirteen leagues betwixt them both lyeth a little Island close by the Land Cob-Island before Lime-haven called Cob. Before Exmouth Exmouth men may ride at the South end of the Shindle which lyeth before the Haven in seven or eight fathom so that the Rocks of Tomans-stones do bear South or South by East from you there you will have good Ground and Land-lockt for all winds Five leagues South and South by West from Exmouth lyeth Torbay and lyeth from Portland West and West by South thirteen leagues For to go into Torbay Torbay you must bring the West Point or the Berry South by East or S.S.E. from you and anchor therein seven or eight fathom there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South Wind and South-west Winds At the North-east end of the Bay is also a Tyde-Haven called the Tormain Tormain before it is good Anchor-ground in four or five fathom according as you would lie near or far from the Shore To sayl into Dartmouth Three or four leagues to the westward of Torbay lyeth the Haven of Dartmouth which hath a narrow entry lying in betwixt two High-lands upon each side of the Haven standeth a little Castle on the West side is a Church on the High-Land called St. Patricks-Church For to sayl in coming from the Start or from the westward you must run in alongst by the Wester-Land so far to the eastward until you bring the Key of the Village on the East side of the Haven in the midst of the entry of the Haven betwixt the two Lands and you must be very ready with your Boat if any gust of Wind should come from the High-Land for to row in being come in edge over to the West side before the Brew-House and anchor there in ten or eleven fathom or before the Village on the East side where you please At the East side lyeth a sunken Rock A sunken Rock The Marks to avoid it are these steer in with St. Patricks Church and bring not the Village which standeth on the West side of the Harbour without the said Church but keep the outer House of the said Village in the East side of the Chappel and alwayes in sight without the Bullwork on the North side by St. Patricks Church then can you take no hurt of the Rock in the Range by the North Point Betwixt Dartmouth and the Start nearest to
Enâ—… Famous Discoverers Sr. Fran Drake Mr. Tho Candis THE Coasting Pilot Describing the Seacoasts Channels Soundings Sands Shoals Rocks dangers The Bayes Roads Harbours Rivers Ports Buoyes Beacons and Sea-marks upon the Coasts of ENGLAND FLANDERS and HOLLAND With directions to bring a Shipp into any Harbour on the said Coasts Being furnished with new Draughts Charts and Descriptions gathered from the experience and practise of diverse Able and Expert Navigators of our English Nation Collected and Published By John Seller Hydrographer in Ordinary to the King And are to be sold at his Shopps at the Hermitage in Wapping And in Exchange Alley in Corne-Hill And by W. Fisher at the Posterne on Towerhill And by Jo. Wingfield in Crutched Fryars right against the Church Cum Privilegio LONDON A Chart of the Seacoasts of ENGLAND FLANDERS HOLLAND Shewing all the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers The Bayes Roads Harbours Buoyes Beacons and Seamarks on the said coasts By John Seller Hydrographer in Ordinary to the King And are to be sold at his shops in London 〈…〉 THE COASTING PILOT CONTAINING A Description of the Sea-Coasts Capes Head-lands Channels Soundings Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers The Bayes Roads Harbours Rivers Ports Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks c. upon the Coasts of England Flanders and Holland Shewing the Courses and Distances from one Place to another The Setting of the Tydes and Currents The Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea With Directions for the bringing a Ship into any Harbour on the said Coasts Being furnished with New and Exact Draughts Charts and Descriptions gathered from the Experience and Practice of divers Able and Expert Navigators of our English Nation Collected Described and Published By JOHN SELLER Hydrographer in Ordinary to the Kings Most Excellent Majesty A short Description of the River of Thames from London-Bridge to Hopeness alias Sands-head Point shewing the Shelves and Dangers in each Reach The Pool IS that part of the River that lyeth from London-Bridg to Cuckolds-Point and is divided into three Parts First From London-Bridge to Wapping-Ness which lyeth W.N.W. and E.S.E. And about the lower end thereof near to Fountain-stairs lyeth a Rock on the South side A Rock which is dangerous for Ships to come aground upon The second part reacheth from Wapping-Ness to Ratclif-Check and lyeth N.E. and S.W. The third part reacheth from Ratclif-Check to Cuckolds-Point and lyeth rounding upon four Points of the Compass from the N. E. to the East These three Reaches are noted in the Draught of the River with the Letters a b c. Limehouse-Reach This Reach leadeth from Cuckolds-Point down to Deptford and lyeth North and South on the West side are two Wind-mills from the southermost of which about half a mile downwards the River is very shoal and flat A shoal there being not above six foot at low-water This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter d. Greenwich-Reach This Reach lyeth from Deptford to the lower end of Greenwich and is much winding but about the middle it lyeth East and West At the lower end thereof is a convenient place for Ships to ride Greenwich-Hole called Greenwich-Hole and there is in this Hole about two fathom at low-water There is a shoal A shoal at the upper end of this Reach that lyeth off from Sanders-Ness This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter â— Blackwall-Reach This Reach lyeth from the lower end of Greenwich to Blackwall Town This Reach is very good for Ships to ride in any part thereof but especially on the West side which is the best of the Channel from Layness which is a Point right against Blackwall from whence runneth off a shoal which is dry at low-water A shoal This Reach lyeth North by West and South by East and is noted in the Draught with the Letter f. Nel-Hope alias Bugby's-Hole This Reach leadeth down from Layness to Hookness and lyeth North-west and South-east It is somewhat shoal off from Hookness wherein is not above two foot at low-water This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter g. Woolwich-Reach This Reach lyeth down from Bugby's-Hole to the lower end of Woolwich Town East by North and West by South On the North side is Ham-Creek a little to the southward of which lyeth a shoal called Woolwich-shelf Woolwich shelf whereon is not above two foot at low-water it lyeth one third of the Reach over from the Essex-shore In this Reach is three fathom and a half water but below the Town deeper This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter h. Gallions-Reach This Reach lyeth from the lower end Woolwich-Town almost to Barking-Creek and lyeth N.N.E. S.S.W. On the West side thereof standeth a little House and some Trees called Gallion House and Trees right against them is good riding for Ships and at the lower end of this Reach is a Point called Maggot-Ness This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter i. Barking-Reach This Reach lyeth down from Maggot-Ness to Cross-Ness a little above Cross-Ness stands two Trees on each side the River one either of them being called Half-way-Tree Half-way-Tree they bear that name because it is there reputed to be half way between London and Gravesend This Reach lyeth somewhat crooked and as it were in two Reaches the first part lyeth from Maggot-ness half way to Cross-ness due East and West and the other part to Cross-ness lyeth N. E. and S. W. In this Reach is the greatest shoal in the River called Barking-shelf Barking-shelf which lies in the middle of the River Between the Shelf and Barking-Creek there is not above six foot at low-water but the best of the Channel is between the Shelf and the Kentish-shore it is narrow but two fathom and two fathom and a half at low-water This Reach is noted in the Draught with the Letter k. Dagenham-Ietty-Reach This Reach extendeth it self down from Cross-ness to Gillion-Tree Gillion-Tree which stands on a Point of Land on the Kentish-shore almost against Raynham-Ferry it lyeth in two parts the westermost lyeth E. S. E. and W. N. W. and the other part East by South and West by North in this Reach is four fathom and four fathom and a half at low water In most parts of this Reach off the Point where Gillion-Tree stands lyeth a shoal but not very dangerous there being about eight foot at low-water On the Essex side lyeth out a jetty to secure the Bank from the strength of the Tyde which setteth very much on that shore it is called Dagenham-Jetty Dagenham-Jetty A shelf between which and Cross-ness on the Kentish-shore lyeth a small Shelf which is sometimes dry at low-water This Reach is exprest in the Draught with the Letter l. Erith-Reach This Reach lyeth N. N. W. and S. S. E. and extendeth it self from Reynbam down to a Point on the Essex-shore called Cold-barbour In most part of this Reach there is about four fathom
South end lyeth further from Land than the North end there is not above six or seven foot water upon it at low-water Coming from the northward men most commonly sayl to the westward of it that is through between the Land and the Whiting towards the Naze men may also sayl along to the eastward of it through between the Whiting and the eastermost points of Bawdsey-sand the North end of the Whiting lyeth near the Snore and lyeth from the Steeple of Orfordness south-South-west by South it is so exceeding steep and sharp that at one cast you have nine fathom and the next but five and then you are but a Ships length from it and before you can heave the Lead again you shall be upon it when you sit with the Fore-ship against it you have five or six fathom at Stern Alongst the inward side it is also every where so steep that you cannot sound it but on the out-side you may run alongst by it in five fathom till you come within the Sands When you come from the northwards and will sayl through within the Whiting you must run close alongst by the Shore and South-west about by the Point of the Shingle to the southward of Alborough until you come within the North Point of the Whiting When the Steeples of Orfordness come to the North-west by North from you then you are right thwart of the North Point of the Whiting being within it go again more southerly viz. South-west by South towards Barzey-Cliff To run in to the castward of the Whiting Bring the Steeple of Bawdsey W. S. W. from you and so sayl in right with it until you come by the Whiting in five or six fathom and lead it in so by it upon the Lead until you come by Bawdsey or can get deeper water When you come near Bawdsey whether you come in from the northward or southward of the Whiting you must keep somewhat off from the Shore because of a small tayl that shooteth off from the Shore thwart of Bawdsey-Cliff which you must avoid with Ships of great draught for there remaineth upon it at low water no more than two fathom you may perceive it well by the ripling of the Tyde most commonly Directions from the Buoy of the Buxey down to the Kings-Channel and from thence to the Northwards When you are at the North end of the Gunfleet or thwart of the Buoys in ten or twelve fathom if you be bound to Sea for Norway East-land Hambrough Holland c. Steer out North-east by East and E.N.E. until you come to twenty fathom water then you are clear of all and direct your course to the place you are bound But if you are bound for the North Coast of England and would hale in for Yarmouth Road then from the Buoy of the Buxey steer North-east by East until you have brought Bawdsey-Cliff to bear from you North west by West then you may borrow upon the Shipwash in ten or eleven fathom or steer away North East by North and North-east until you come to bring Alborough-Church to bear from you N. W. then bear in with it N. N. W. till you come to nine or ten fathom upon the Shore and that will bring you within the Sand called Alborough-Knapes on which there is ten or eleven foot water at low-water but there is seventeen or eighteen fathom between that and the Shore Marks of Alborough Knapes The thwart Marks for the South end of it is Alborough-Church W.N.W. for the North end of it the same Church W. S. W. The longst mark for it is Orford-Church and Castle one in another going right upon it but keeping them open a great Sayls breadth one off another on each side carrieth you clear either without or within the Sand. From the Sonk to the Long-Sand and so to the North-Foreland When the Naze-sand doth bear North-west by West you may hale up East and East by South and E.S.E. being careful to keep the Lead and to look out for the Ripling of the Sand and bear off and on from it in seven or eight fathom and being below that in eleven fathom then if you have a Neap-tyde you may steer for the Long-sand-head but with a Flood and an East wind or northerly wind you must steer E. S. E. or South-east till you come to fourteen or fifteen fathom durty owsey Ground then steer S. S. E. for a good distance for you have Pits of twenty fathom and fourteen or fifteen fathom but having a continuing depthing of 18 19 20 or 21 fathom and stony ground then you may assure your self that you are without the Long-sand and may steer S. S. W. with the Foreland and South-west by South To sayl alongst the Coast by Alborough Dunwich and Covehith The Coast lyeth North by East somewhat easterly and South by West somewhat westerly from Covehith to Leystaff North and South two leagues Between Dunwich and Covehith lyeth the Haven of Southwold Southwold which is a small Creek and a little within it divideth it self into three parts upon the northermost Arm lyeth Southwold upon the middlemost Walderswick and upon the southermost Dunwich Dunwich Covehith Covehith hath a high sharp Steeple thwart of this Steeple lyeth a Bank not far from the Land which falleth almost dry at low-water but at half flood you may sayl through between the Land and it in two fathom upon the outer-side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it than in nine or ten fathom When the Steeple of Covehith is W.N.W. from you then you are to the southward of the Bank and when the Steeple of Covehith is South-West by West from you then you are to the northward of it two leagues To the northward of Covehith lyeth Leystaff Leystaff and two leagues to the northward of that lyeth Yarmouth the Steeple is a high sharp Steeple and standeth a great Musquet-shot within the Land from the Houses so that in sayling alongst you may bring the Steeple on both sides of the Houses Off from Leystaff beginneth the Bank called the Holms of Yarmouth and lyeth along to the northward Holms past Yarmouth until you come thwart of Winterton Winterton there goeth divers Channels through them which you may sayl through upon divers Marks for those that are there acquainted you may sayl within these Banks off from Leystaff until you are past Winterton To sayl within the Banks of Yarmouth If you will sayl through from before Leystaff within these Banks then look out for the Light-houses which stand by Leystaff which are two little white Houses the one standeth beneath upon the Shingles on the Sea-side and the innermost upon a little Hommock somewhat farther within the Land when you come to the southward then they shew themselves to the northward of the Town but come at last thwart of it In the night there is alwayes fire on them A Chart of the North Coast of England from
Yarmought to Cocket Island Describing all the Roads â—avens and Harbors Depths and Soundings the Courses and distances of one Place from Another Newly Corroded and Published by Iohn Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Marriners Compass at the 〈…〉 A Description of the East Coast of Scotland Shewing all the Bayes Roads havens Harbors depths and Soundlings Courses distances of places one the said Coasts Newly Corrected and Published by Iohn Seller And are to be Sold at his Shopp at Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage stayrs in Wapping About a mile Yarmouth Haven or somewhat more to the southward of the Town of Yarmouth it hath two wooden Heads you must sayl in between them both against the highest water when the strength of the Flood is spent at half-flood it is dangerous because of the strong Tyde which shall forcibly carry you into the Bight against the Shore it is also best to carry your Ship in alongst the South-head for there it is deepest At Yarmouth in the Road men do commonly anchor to the northward of the Haven right over thwart the Town in five six seven or eight fathom The nearer you anchor to the Sands the deeper water you shall have but all good Sand and soft Ground To sayl into Yarmouth-Road through the Holms If you sayl into the Road of Yarmouth then bring the sharp little Steeple that standeth to the northward of Yarmouth within the Land over the broad Castle or bring the Mill to the North side of the Town Keep these Marks so standing and go in W. N. W. you shall find in this Channel no less than eight or nine fathom at half-flood This Channel is called St. Nicholas Channel St. Nicholas Channel on the North side it is deepest being come in the Road is right before the Town in five or six fathom Thwart or over against the Haven of Yarmouth goeth also a Channel through the Holms To sayl in there coming from the southwards Bring the Souton over the North side of the Haven between the great Tree and that flat little House or Castle and sayl in right with them and keep these Marks so standing within the Holms within them lyeth a Flat on the Starboard-side and a little northward of the Haven called the Middle-ground you may sayl about on both sides the inner side in five fathom but toward the Holms or toward the eastward of it in eight or nine fathom From Yarmouth to Winterton the Coaft lyeth North by West and North-west two leagues To sayl from Yarmouth through the Sands If you sayl from Yarmouth through within to the northwards sayl alongst by the Land and keep the sounding of the Shore in five six or seven fathom until you have the a Light-houses which stand a little to the northwards of Castor one in the other Castor and then sayl in right with them either by day or night in the night there is fire in them and then shall you run over a Flat without the Buoy which lyeth upon the Tayl of the Sand called the Barber Barber sayl boldly in with the aforesaid Light-houses until you come again near the Shore in five or six fathom being come by the Shore run again alongst by it and keep the Sounding as before till you come before Winterton Thus sheweth the Land from Orfordness to Wintertonness Orfordness Alborough Dunwich Walderswick Sowl Thus sheweth the Coast of England between Orfordness and Sowl-Haven Sowl Covehith Leystaff Thus sheweth the Land between Sowl and Leystaff Leystaff Yarmouth Winterton Thus sheweth the Coast betwixt Leystaff and Winterton To sayl by Wintertonness This Ness formerly hath been very shoal and dangerous but now it is worn away so that Ships may run between the Ness and the Main and you will have three fathom water at half-flood but if you sayl without the Ness there is a Channel between it and a Middle-ground and the Marks to carry you through are to bring the two small Light-houses one into another and keep the great Light-house South of you so you will keep in the best of the Channel To sayl from Wintertonness to Stamford First You must steer North and North by East and borrow on the Shore in six or seven fathom until you come in the Mid-way between Alborough and Dunwich where you must give the Shore more birth and come no nearer than five or fix fathom and so you may borrow on the Shore till you come between Southwold and Covehith and when Covehith Church is West you are then thwart of the South end of the Bernard it lyeth North-east into the Sea Bernard and to go clear of the North-east end of it keep Southwold Steeple open of the South end of the Cliff until you bring 〈…〉 open to the northwards of the 〈…〉 there way you steer with the Town of Leystaff 〈…〉 the Light-houses in one to go within the 〈◊〉 but to go without the Holm-head keep the 〈◊〉 beacons one in another or if you can see i◠〈◊〉 Goulstone Steeple open and shut of the Waters-Eâ—â—â— and beach-Beach-end and so you may go in the best Also upon the Ebb if occasion serves you may borrow into four a hom of the North end of the Bernard or Newcome for they point both together and having Paâ—gfield-Church West you may go in with the Shore or you may go off into 11 or 12 fathom-water as you please and to go through the Stamford bring the top of the Terret on the Clock-house over the white House in the midst of the Town To sayl through Yarmouth-Roads to the Northwards First To turn between the Cork-Sand and the Shore come no nearer the Sand than five or six fathom but on the Shore you may borrow in four fathom Castorness it need be and so you may keep until you come to Castorness and so run until the two Light-houses be both into one the shoalest of the Ness is a Masquetshot to the northwards of the Light-houses the Spit lyeth off the Shore and on the Cork you may borrow into six fathom and on the Holms in ten fathom for it is all steep too and the shoalest of Wintertonness is when the Steeple is South-west Being thwart of the Steeple a mile off the Shore lyeth a Shoal whereon is but two fachom and a half at low-water but within or without there is six or seven fathom Being at Haseborough your course with Flambrough-head is North-west and South east as you take the Tyde for the Flood setteth over Burnaâ—-flat and the Ebb cross to the Sea and being so far to the Northwest as you can see Haseborough-Steeple which is the highest Steeple on all the Coast and riseth out of the water you shall have ten fathom water and when you have it S.S.E. then Cromer Steeple will be S.S.W. and being in this course half way over the Well you shall have sometimes seven or eight fathom and sometimes
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock Long-sand-head South-South-East And South by East South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
Ships length to the northwards of Broad-stairs Peer-head or borrow upon the Sand by the Lead as aforesaid and so taking the first of the said Tyde without the Sand you may stand to the South-eastwards until you bring the South-Foreland West by South from you South-sand-head then cast about and you shall weather the South-sand-head and be in the Downs-Road before any other Ship that parted with you at the Foreland To turn through the Gulls To turn through the Gulls the Mark for the South-sand-head viz. the longst Mark to go without the Goodwin-sands coming from the South-westwards is Foulstone-Steeple open of Dover-Land or the high Cliff of Dover open of the Foreland these being shut in you running right upon it the directest thwart Mark of the South-sand-head is Ring-joul Church Thwart Mark right over the Valley or Village of Kings-down and then the Wood end to the northward of the Church will be right over the white mark of the Gulls running over in this Mark you shall have three fathom at low-water but if you keep so far to the southward as to bring the Wood end aforesaid right over the Valley of Kings-down you shall have five fathom at low-water and when you have brought the round Grove of Trees on the North-Foreland right over against the Valley of Ramsgate then you may be sure you are within the Sand or if you be turning out you can keep Deal-Church to the southwards of Sand-down Castle you may likewise steer out with that Mark and it will carry you clear out the Sand is flat and fair shoaling both at the South and North-Head but steep too on the East side To sayl through the Gulls The Gulls is a Channel that runs between the Goodwin-sand and the Brake and therefore the Marks to bring you through the Downs going to the northwards are these You must keep St. Margets-Church which stands near the South-foreland on a piece of Wall that is built near the third Cliff to the northward of the South-Foreland Or else to bring the Light-house in the South-Swamp which Marks will carry you through the Gulls and in the Fair-way between the Goodwin and the Brake into 8 9 and 10 fathom water borrow on the Brake in seven fathom and no nearer the Bune-head then ten fathom Bunt-head and between the Bunt-head and the North-sand-head in eight fathom Directions to sayl from the North-Foreland through the Gulls in the Night If your ground Tackle should fail you in the Night riding at the North-Foreland as very often hath happened to divers Ships and that you cannot by reason of the Wind or Tyde weather the North-sand-head if you can but see the North-Foreland Light when you have brought that Light-house to bear from you North-west or North-west by North then bear over into eight or nine fathom and being in that depth you may be sure it will steering to the southward S. S. W. carry you directly through with the Brake but keeping your Lead carefully and borrowing no nearer the Brake then five fathom nor going not without nine fathom or nine fathom and a half as you have that Tyde under you and this course will lead you through without danger Directions for Dover-Road and so to Dongeness and to the Westward to Beachy and from thence to the Isle of Wight The best Ground in Dover-Road is with the White way to the North-westwards of Dover-Castle Marks to ride in Dover-Road or between that Hill that comes from St. James's Church which is a flat Steeple to the North end of Dover Town for a thwart mark and in what depth you please from seven to fourteen fathom thwart of Foul-stone in twelve or fourteen fathom you shall find very good ground likewise to the eastward of the Ness you may ride in very good ground for a south-South-west Wind in eight or nine fathom but if you set sayl with a Landerly Wind do not come near the Ness for there lyeth a Bank within the Point of the Ness Bank near Dongeness that hath not above fourteen foot on it at low-water in ordinary Tydes likewise to the westwards of the Ness there lyeth a Bank alongst the Channel that hath not above three fathom and a half at low-water and within it you shall have seven fathom Likewise there is another Riff or Spit that doth trend off from the middle of the Ness S. S. E. into the Sea that is dangerous for a Ship of Draught if you be coming from the westwards and borrow close to the Ness with a northerly wind also if you be bound to the westwards or eastwards with a northerly wind in a Ship of Draught be not covetous of keeping close to the Land for between Fairley and Beachy thwart of the Castle of Pemsy there lyeth divers Reaches or Overfalls thwart the Channel very little within the Fair-way for Beachy bearing from you West by South half South and Pemsy Castle N. N. E. from you there lyeth one that hath not above fourteen foot at low-water near about the middle of the Channel six or seven leagues off Fairley being between the N.N.W. and N.N.E. there lyeth a Bank called the Sow Sow on the which in some places there is not above seven fathom the Fishermen fish under it who may afright one in thick weather under Beachy you may anchor to the eastwards of it against a Village called East-seaford for a westerly Wind in seven eight or nine fathom thwart of a Town called Seaford the West Ford of all the Fords you may bring Beachy in these depths to bear from you between the South-east by East and the East by South ten fathom A Rock near Beachy There lyeth a Rock a good Birth from the Shore thwart of an open Bay to the westwards of Beachy between the Seven Cliffs and Beachy Point to avoid this Rock you must be sure to come no nearer the Shore then nine or ten fathom yet all alongst the Shore between Seaford and Arundel you shall find very fair shoaling especially as far as Shoram you must stand to the Shore to seven or eight fathom and good ground for to anchor in if occasion require but to the westwards of that it is flat off the Shore a league or two off you shall not in some places have above six or seven fathom and South off from Arundel East-barrow-head about six or seven mile from the Shore there lyeth a Bank called the East-barrow-head which dryeth at low-water on Spring-Tydes near upon the length of an Acre of Ground To avoid this danger if you are bound to the westwards from Shoram go S.S.W. into the Sea until you bring your self into eighteen fathom deep of Water and then you may boldly steer W. S. W. and that course in this depth will lead you without the Owers Owers you shall have fifteen fathom close by this Shoal from this to the Owers it is about two leagues W. S.
W. come no nearer unto them than 12 or 14 fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers Between East-borrough-head and the Owers about half a league North-west from the East-borrough-head there lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on the which at low-water there is not above six foot Thwart Mark for the Owers The thwart Mark for the Owers is Chichester Spire Steeple N.N.W. from you And for the other side of them for a longst Mark The longst Mark. set the Point of Donnose with your Compass it will bear directly West by South half South Donnose W. S. W. is right upon them To avoid these dangers if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly Wind be sure to keep in eighteen fathom or more Also if you be coming from the westwards you must not steer East by North or keep your self in the above-said depth some that have been deceived coming from the westwards and being close aboard of Donnese have steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding the latter part of the tyde of Flood which sets into the Isle of Wight they have been in shoal water on the Owers before they thought of them To sayl into the Camber of Rye To sayl into the Cambes of Rie coming from the West you must keep Beachy from the Point of Fairlee and run so toward the Ness then edge up to the westwards and leave the Beacons on the Starboard until you come before Camber Castle that standeth upon the souther shindle there you may anchor in four or five fathom from thence alongst even unto the Town of Rie it is all set with Beacons that stand alongst the East Shindle unto the Daries which at low-water fall dry Daries In sayling into Rie you must leave all the Beacons on the Starboard-side and run indifferent close alongst by them The Point of the Ness and Beachy lie W. S. W. and E. N. E. distant seven leagues Beachy lies by the seven white Clists the best known Land a man can see any where To the eastwards of Beachy you may anchor for westerly winds in six or seven fathom so that the Point be South and South by West from you To the westward of the Point of Beachy thwart the West end of the seven Cliffs right against the shindle where men may run alongst into New-Haven you may also anchor in 7 8 and 9 fathom From the said Point lyeth a little Shoal upon which there is at low-water and Spring-tydes scarce two fathom To sayl into New-Haven At the West end of the seven Cliffs lyeth New-Haven which hath two entrances to be used Of late there hath been some alterations of this â—â—bour the directions for which are not yet known the westermost lyeth in by the West Land and is not navigable but onely by small Vessels it falleth altogether dry at low-water The eastermost is commonly best and lyeth North-west by West in there is at high-water with a common Tyde not above seven and at Spring-tydes fourteen and fifteen foot within the Ships lie every Tyde dry except before the Village they remain afloat where they moor with four Cables fast on two green Shores upon these entrances you cannot well make any reckoning for they keep no certain depths for with southerly winds and stormy weather they are often cast too with a Shindle and opened again with a Freeshut To sayl into Shorum Shorum is a Tyde-Haven where is at high-water and Spring-Tydes eighteen foot but at low-water there remaineth no more than three foot for it floweth fifteen foot up and down there is twelve foot at high-water and three foot at common Tydes The Town of Shorum lyeth almost a mile within the Haven Vessels that draw but eight or nine foot can lie afloat a little below the Town at low-water or else they lie dry every where when you come from the Eastwards from Beachy or New-Haven alongst by the Shore you may see open into the Haven before you come thwart of it but coming from the westwards you shall not see it open before you come right against it because the West Point lyeth somewhat farther out than the East Point from the West Point runneth off a little tayl but at high-water you may run in alongst over it otherwise you must run in by the East Shore upon the East Point stand two Beacons which you must bring one in the other and so run in right with them until you come by the North Shore and then in alongst by it To sayl into Arundel About six leagues to the westward of New-Haven lyeth Arundel a Tyde-Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood you must go in there by the West Land North-east in In the entry it is two and between the Land three fathom at high-water but within the Haven remaineth at low-water four and five fathom there you must anchor before the Village Between Seaford and Arundel you will find very good shoalings especially as far as Shorum you may stand to the Shore in seven or eight fathom and good ground to anchor if occasion require but to the westward of that it is flat off the Shore a league or two off you shall not have above seven or eight fathom South of Arundel about six or seven miles there lyeth a Bank called East-borrough-head East-Barrow-head which dryeth at low-water at Spring-tydes near upon a furlong To avoid this danger if you be bound to the Southward from Shorum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers Close by this Shoal you shall have fifteen fathom Betwixt the Owers and Portsmouth goeth a great Sound or Haven with it lyeth the Town of Chichester Marks to go into the Isle of Wight If coming from the eastwards you desire to go into the Isle of Wight then when you have brought the Culvers-Cliff which is a white Chalk Cliff without St. Hellens W. N. W. then you may steer in right with it towards St. Hellens Point in this course you shall meet divers Overfalls whereon you water will shoal 1 2 or 3 fathom but if you be coming out of Wight with a Flood bound for the eastwards then especially the latter part of the Flood when you are without St. Hellens steer off S. S. E. and South by East if the Wind will give you leave until you have brought the above-said Cliff to bear North-west by West and North-west then steer off South-east by East or South-East until you come to sixteen or eighteen fathom a certain depth before you steer away East by North for the latter part of the Flood by reason of the Indraught of the Isle of Wight sets in from Donnose North-east by North and North-east as far to the eastwards as the Owers If in the Channel some five leagues from Donnose South-east there is a thwart Ledge or an Overfall
on which there is not above seven fathom in some places if any should meet with this Shoal coming into the Channel it would fright them for within a league to the westwards of it there is 30 fathom and upwards Directions for Piloting a Ship in at the East end of the Isle of Wight and to Portsmouth-Harbour and also for Hampton-Water If you come from the eastwards with a northerly Wind and bound into the Isle of Wight or Portsmouth after you are come to the westwards of the Shoal called the Owers as by the aforesaid directions you may hale in North-west with St. Hellens Point but do not cover to hale too much to the northwards for there lyeth a Bank off Long-stone Haven to the eastwards of the Horse that hath not above thirteen foot on it at low-water but keeping of your Lead in seven or eight fathom carryeth you clear without it and will bring you to the South-east end of the Sand called the Horse Horse St. Hellens Church south-South-west by West from you you may run in in five fathom and when you have brought the westermost great white Patch or Chalk upon Parch-Down which is the high Land to the northwards of Portsmouth a Ships length to the westward of South-Sea-Castle that standeth upon the Beach then you may be bold to luff up for you are then to the Westwards of the Horse and steering with that Mark it will lead you in alongst the Horse until you come unto the Beach and so into the Harbour of Portsmouth keeping alongst close to the Shore until you come to the Town Walls end and there you must bear off a little for a Flat that lyeth off from the Shore this is for an easterly Wind. And if you intend for Stokes-bay when you have brought the Fire-Beacons on Brown down which is to the W. N. Westwards of Hazle-Wood Point within a Ships length without the said Point then you may bear to the westwards alongst the out-side of the Spit-head which is the Shoal that lyeth on the West side of the entry of Portsmouth-Haven If the Wind be westerly or southerly and that you are coming from the westwards and would go into St. Hellens-Road or Stokes-bay from Donnose to St. Hellens Point your course is North-east by North and N. N. E. but borrow no nearer to St. Hellens than six or seven fathom for the Spit lyeth off a great way but if it be clear Weather that you may keep the Castle called Sand-down-Castle open of the Culver-Cliff that Mark will lead you without the Spit of the Point and steering alongst in this Mark until you open St. Hellens Church some four Sayls breadth or two Ships length open of the Red Cliff within St. Hellens Point or Port-Sea-Castle to the eastwards of South-Sea-Castle then are you clear of the Point and may steer unto St. Hellens Road North-west and having brought the Point South by West or between that and the South by East you may anchor in seven or eight fathom very good ground Note this That you have no good clear ground all alongst the Island until you have opened St. Hellens Church as above-said and have brought the Point to bear from you S. S. W. from St. Hellens Point to go between Nomans-Land and the Herse your direct course in is North-west by North and North-west but you have no shoaling upon the South-west side on Nomans-Land for you shall have sixteen fathom and the next cast but three But at the Horse you may stand in ten nine or eight fathom if the strong Tyde be bent and smooth water you shall have a great washing of them by the Overfall of the water or the washing of them both but especially on Nomans-Land if it be clear Weather there are very good marks to lead you in which is as followeth Keep the two Wind-mills on the Downs on the Isle of Wight that you may see them clear over all the Trees that are between you and them but no more above them then even clear and this Mark will lead you in and so up alongst the Island without some Middle-ground that lyeth to the W. S. Westward of the Point of Nomans-Land Also from St. Hellens Point you have if it be clear Weather that you can see it a direct Mark viz. a piece of an old Castle heretofore called Hazle-Wood-Castle standing on Gilkeker Point which of late is kept white keep Gosbere Church and that both in one or this Mark in the middle of the Wood about the Church which sheweth with a Valley like a Saddle and so you may run directly in without fear or if the Wind be so that you are forced to turn in then you may turn the said Mark within two Sayls breadth of each end of the Wood in the middle of the Channel you shall have eighteen fathom Water and if so be that you bring the said Mark right under the North end of the Wood you shall run in a Middle-ground near the Horse that hath not above ten foot on it at low-water and hard Sand. The thwart Mark of Nomans-Land The thwart Mark of the northermost point of Nomans-Land is the eastermost Wind-mill upon the Isle of Wight right over the middle of the Valley that is next to the North-westwards of the Point to the Northwards of St. Hellens Church and having brought this Mill on the West side of the said Valley you may be sure you are to the westward or with Nomans-Land and may steer alongst the Island towards Stokes-bay or the Cows If you will anchor in Stokes-bay Marks to anthor in Stocks-bay bring South-Sea Castle over the Point of the Beach of Gilkeker for your longst Mark and the Church of Gosper open between the Trees there you shall have very good ground and twelve fathom deep If the Wind be westerly that you are forced to turn up to Stokes-bay or the Cows you may stand over to the Spâ—t-head into nine eight or seven fathom and towards the Isle of Wight into six or seven fathom but between Nomans-Land and Ridde you shall meet with two or three Middle-grounds on which you shall have three fathom at low-water and then six fathom and over the other two three fathom and the like depth between them and so to the Southward of them you shall have six fathom not far from the dry Owze off Ridde but upon the northermost Middle-ground of these three upon one place of it there is not above thirteen foot at low-water The thwart mark to run upon the height of it is the westermost white patch of Parch-down right over Hazle-Wood-Castle and when you are so far to the westwards that you have brought the Grove of Trees on Parch-down to the eastwards of the aforesaid white Patch right over Hazle-Wood-Castle then you shall have three fathom over it at low-water but if you anchor near the East Point there you shall have deeper Water and cannot set sayl to go out so well against
Allmountwise side it is bold and steep too If coming from the westward put in by a contrary Wind and bound for Cat-water between the Ram-head and Penley-point come not too near the Land for there lyeth a ledge of Rocks three or four Cables length and more from the Shore with the Spire Steeple right over a Hedge-Row also there lyeth a Rock a Cables length from Penley-point and being past that Point you may luff into Causon-bay and anchor there there is but very little good Ground except you be far into the Bay To sayl into Portsmouth If you go into Portsmouth you must go within a Stones cast of the Beach Marks to go into Porsmouth and keep the White Path open to the northward of the Castle going so near the Beach on the Starboard-side as that the old Church on Gosper-side may enter on the Point and so it carries you clear of the Shoals going in a little with the Gibbet To sayl within the Wight in thick Weather If you sayl between the Wight and the Main in thick weather you may borrow in six fathom off St. Hellens and steer N.W. by North and N.N.W. from St. Hellens Point until you have 12 fathom and then you steer more westerly as you may find your depth and come no nearer Nomans-Land than 9 or 10 fathom in that depth you may keep along the Wight side if the wind be southerly but if it be large you must keep in 14 or 15 fathom which will be a good birth from both sides and so steer West by South or W.S.W. as you find your depth until you come to the Cows Note That being about Stokes-bay you will have less water if you grow near to Cows there you may anchor in 12 or 14 fathom in the midst of the Channel where is good Oazy ground To sayl within the Isle of Wight coming from the East If you turn in at the Eastermost end of the Island to go in the Channel betwixt Nomans-Land and the Chain you must keep Gilkeker Tower in the middle of Cock-wood that is your leading Mark but if you turn in you may open it on each end of the Wood not opening it on either side you may stand over to the Main in seven or eight fathom and then about you must not stand longer towards either shore than 10 11 or 12 fathom for it is steep too and the next cast you may be aground From St. Hellens Point being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea when the Culver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than seven or eight fathom Within the Riff in the Fair-way Marks of the Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are these When South-Sea-Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart of it The Mark to go clear of it is to keep Portsmouth-Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you betwixt the Horse and the Main on it at low-water you will have but ten foot about it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer than five or six fathom When St. Hellens Church beareth South-west by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North and the West end North by East from you To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens Keep no nearer the Shore than you can see the Windmills which stand on the High-Land of the Wight open of the said Land lest you come on the broad Sand called Nomans-Land which lyeth from the Point of Newport-Road eastward alongst the Shore which falleth dry at low-water but close aboard of it you will have twelve fathom when the Town of Ride and the Windmill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it if you come so near the Shore that the aforesaid Windmills be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear Cous-Road is the best Harbour in the Wight betwixt it and Calshot-Castle lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fairway Brambles called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Seas breaking over it to avoid which keep close to the Island until you come into Cows-Road To sayl into Stokes-Bay If you go into Stokes-bay you must leave South-Sea-Castle on Hyant-Wood or the Wood to the Northeastward of Portsmouth and then steer in with the Old Castle that is to the eastward of Stokes-bay keeping it somewhat on the Starboard-side and so bear in till you bring the Windmill on Porch-down half a Sayls breadth to the westwards of the White Cliff and so you may anchor in the best of the Bay in seven or eight fathom Also you may go up to the Cows Cows-Road if you steer with it keep the Island side and anchor with the Castle South-west from you the fourth part of a mile from the Shore also you may steer down W. S. W. with Yarmouth-Fore Yarmouth Road. and anchor S. S. W. from it half a mile off the Shore in seven fathom The deepest Water between the Cows and Stokes-bay is fifteen or sixteen fathom and between the Cows and Hurst-Castle fifteen and eighteen fathom Also you may anchor with Hurst-Castle South-west by West Hurst-Castle half a mile from the Shore in eight or nine fathom or W.S.W. it being all good ground To sayl into Hampton-Water both from the East and West and also to be between the Sand called the Brambles and the Main If coming from the Eastwards after you are past Brown-down which is to the westwards of Stokes-bay borrow upon the Main in three three and a half and four fathom as you have Tyde under you but three fathom at low-water is the best depth and steer away North-west by West and North-west and ware off and on in that depth and it will direct you in if it be in the Night or foggy Weather but if it be clear that you can see the Town of Hampton keep also the Town open of the Point of Beach on Hamble-side by St. Georges Castle and steering in that Mark you need not use your Lead until you come almost unto Calshot-Castle and the Main of Hamble there the Spit of Owze lyeth fair off but fair shoaling upon it and being above the Castle you shall have nine or ten fathom and anchor where you please If you come from the westward in a Ship of draught and bound for Hampton-Water or from out of Cows-Road you must be careful to keep clear of the Sand called the Brambles which is a long Sand that lyeth thwart of
in the midst of the Channel there is best lying for Ships that draw much water Four leagues South-west by South from Foy lyeth a Point called Dead-mans-head Dead-mans-head and two leagues to the westward of it lyeth the Haven of Falmouth Dead-mans-head is a double Land with a round Hill which to the westwards goeth sloping down towards the West end standeth a Mill a sharp spire Steeple and some little Houses upon the Lead a little to the westward of it you may see Pendennis-Castle upon a round Hommock on the high-Land this Land is easie to be known when you come from the West or from the Lizard Upon the West Point of the Haven of Falmouth Falmouth standeth a Castle upon the high-Land called Pendennis in the Entry nearest the said West side lyeth a great Rock above-water you may sayl in on either side of it at the inner side of the East Point lie also some Rocks off the Shore on the East side is deepest water and most room in going in therefore give the East Point a large Birth you will have seven or eight fathom St. Mauds Castle keep by the said Shore until you come within St. Mandes Castle When it is East from you you will have sixteen or seventeen fathom but half the Harbour over towards Smithick is but four or five fathom observe in your going in to keep the Manacles open and shut on the Point of Falmouth-Castle and so must you keep it till you shut the Church over Penny-Comquick into the North-east end of the Smithick and so may you bear over to St. Maudes and ride with the Castle East laying one Anchor in eighteen fathom and the westermost Anchor in four fathom as you see conveniency For to sayl to the westwards of the foresaid great Rock you must take the Soundings of the West-land which the Castle standeth upon in five or six fathom being somewhat within the Rock run towards the West-land to the westwards of the Rock in the Channel is six and seven fathom at half-flood but in the Channel to the eastwards of the Rock seven and eight fathom as is before mentioned If when you come before St. Maudes Castle you would go into Mildrid-Pool Mildrod-Pool you must steer over into four or five fathom on the West side till you shut the Point of the Manacles into the Castle and open it not for fear of the Point of the Mase on the East side until you shut Penny-Comquick into the East Point of Smithick and then steer on the East side into twelve or thirteen fathom against the middle Hedge end on the East Point of Mildred-Pool for then you shall have shoal water but the lower down the deeper Note that Moagan Church which is above Penny-Comquick being entred on the southermost House of the said Town then are you near the South side of the Mase Four leagues South by West from Falmouth lyeth the East Point of the Lizard betwixt them lyeth a Haven called Helford which Ships do little frequent At the South side of the Haven lyeth a steep Point and on the North side a low sharp Point within the Haven on the South side standeth a Gentlemans House beneath at the Strand and upon the Hill stand Trees you must keep these one in the other and run so amidst the Channel into the entry of the Haven on the North side stand also two or three Trees when these come a Ships length to the westward of a little House that standeth in a white sandy Bay thereupon you may sayl in also amidst the Channel which is a short Inlet being come within you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathom upon the South side standeth also a sharp Tower and on the North side a little Castle on the steep Land To sayl into Mounts-Bay If you be coming out of Falmouth bound to the westward as into Mounts-bay with an easterly wind be not covetous of keeping too near the Lizard Shore especially at the Manacles for there be sunken Rocks without the Manacles To avoid which open the Land short of them you shall see a Spire Steeple called St. Keveren be sure therefore to keep so far off the shore that you may see all the Spire of the said Steeple above the Land and so shall you go without them clear of danger until you come to the Lizard point from whence there lyeth a ledge of Rocks which all shew themselves at low-water A Description of the Sea Coast of England 〈…〉 Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller 〈…〉 A Chart of the West part of England from Portland to Silly describing all the Roads Havens and Harbors with all the Sands depths and Soundings along the Coast newly Corrected by John Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage Stayres in Wapping For to sayl into Mounts-bay coming from the Lands-end or the Lizard the Ground is very clear all over and fine Sand until you come within a mile of the Shore between 20 and 23 fathom To ride at Anchor in Guavas-Lake You must be so far to the westward as that you have the Steeple of Paul to bear from you W. N. W. but if being far to the eastward that the said Church doth stand N. W. by North somewhat westerly from you then you have no clear Ground being near the West-Land run in from St. Clements-Island which lyeth before the Town of Mouse-hole for it is very clear Ground then the Castle will be on the Starboard side a great way distant which Castle is foul round about being come within St. Clements-Island you shall see within it a great sandy Bay anchor there in seven or eight fathom South-East and E.S.E. Winds do blow there right open in for all other Winds you lie there Land-lockt Four leagues to the westward of Mounts-bay lyeth the Lands-end of England which lyeth from the Lizard W.N.W. distant 9 or 10 leagues Directions to sayl into Silly Silly is divided into divers Island alongst the West side lyeth a great multitude of Rocks you may go in there through divers Channels or Sounds but the southermost St. Maries-Sound called St. Maries-sound is the best being a fair opening of a Channel but near the midst lie two sunken Rocks in soul weather you may see the Sea break over them it is best to leave them on the Larboard-side going in and on the Starboard-side coming out and go so near the Starboard-shore as that you may but see the Wind-mill-Sweeps which standeth on the Hill or that you may almost throw a Stone ashore and when you come within the Point luff up round and come to anchor in sight of the Houses or when you have brought the Town open of the Valley leave two thirds of the Harbour on your Larboard-side Thwart of Smiths-Island lyeth a Ledge of Rocks called Bartholomen-Ledge A Ledge of Rocks when you come to the Block-house that standeth on the Water-side