definition_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o any_o other_o mode_n of_o define_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v agree_v with_o all_o place_n now_o these_o definition_n be_v lay_v down_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n itself_o proposition_n iii_o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o that_o together_o at_o once_o in_o all_o those_o place_n so_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o those_o place_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n year_n further_o concern_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o antecedent_n definition_n and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o universal_a map_n for_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o vertex_n in_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n a_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o he_o ascend_v to_o a_o more_o great_a which_o be_v apparent_a both_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o place_n begin_z and_o end_v in_o those_o day_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o summer_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o those_o of_o the_o southern_a zone_n temperate_a and_o frigid_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o march._n the_o autumn_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n with_o this_o the_o winter_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v which_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n viz._n 21_o of_o september_n and_o with_o this_o their_o spring_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n where_o the_o summer_n begin_v again_o these_o be_v show_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o the_o definition_n deliver_v and_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n by_o which_o we_o show_v the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o those_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o descend_v to_o the_o less_o in_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n the_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n a_o moderate_a and_o ascend_v to_o a_o great_a but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n do_v not_o begin_v on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o on_o divers_a day_n in_o every_o place_n of_o diverse_a parallel_n or_o of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n of_o this_o zone_n now_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v threefold_a viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o southern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 1._o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o they_o enjoy_v two_o summer_n two_o winter_n two_o spring_n season_n and_o two_o autumn_n and_o that_o in_o every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o half_a a_o year_n they_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v those_o four_o season_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n and_o the_o celestial_a law_n they_o have_v again_o the_o same_o four_o season_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n september_n half_n a_o year_n be_v from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n viz._n one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o second_o of_o taurus_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n zodiac_n the_o motion_n of_o â—he_n sun_n in_o the_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o second_o of_o leo_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o other_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n the_o other_o autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o other_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n the_o other_o spring_n be_v whilst_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march._n all_o these_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n have_v the_o less_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o have_v none_o because_o it_o be_v vertical_a unto_o they_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o summer_n begin_v then_o in_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n and_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n where_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 11_o degree_n 45_o minute_n it_o acquire_v a_o mean_a distance_n depart_v to_o a_o great_a then_o therefore_o the_o autumn_n do_v begin_v moreover_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n he_o have_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o then_o do_v the_o winter_n begin_v final_o on_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n and_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n he_o receive_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 10_o degree_n 45_o minute_n ascend_v towards_o the_o least_o and_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o spring_n season_v begin_v these_o be_v understand_v more_o perspicuous_o from_o the_o globe_n therefore_o here_o these_o season_n may_v be_v distinguish_v thus_o according_a to_o the_o celestial_a law_n notwithstanding_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la otherwise_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n have_v the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o both_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o december_n but_o they_o have_v not_o together_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o autumn_n but_o different_a place_n have_v they_o in_o several_a day_n season_n other_o observation_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o
autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o those_o place_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n obtain_v the_o great_a distance_n that_o possible_o he_o can_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o definition_n and_o it_o be_v true_a concern_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n that_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n acquire_v the_o great_a distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n because_o that_o in_o all_o the_o other_o day_n he_o be_v more_o near_o to_o those_o place_n therefore_o the_o sun_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n happen_v to_o all_o those_o place_n and_o also_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o other_o part_n be_v also_o easy_o prove_v for_o if_o these_o place_n be_v of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n than_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o vertical_a in_o the_o meridies_n to_o those_o place_n in_o the_o same_o day_n but_o in_o diverse_a for_o than_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n of_o any_o place_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o ascent_n from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n come_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o the_o northern_a ecliptic_a that_o he_o be_v vertical_a to_o that_o place_n so_o that_o in_o divers_a day_n the_o beginning_n of_o summer_n may_v be_v in_o those_o divers_a place_n yet_o in_o all_o those_o place_n its_o beginning_n fall_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o summer_n shall_v also_o end_v in_o different_a day_n and_o the_o autumn_n begin_v because_o the_o sun_n in_o divers_a day_n come_v to_o his_o mean_a distance_n or_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o place_n because_o these_o point_n be_v different_o seat_v between_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n notwitstand_v this_o beginning_n fall_v out_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n in_o divers_a day_n the_o winter_n shall_v have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o spring_n begin_v because_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a again_o of_o a_o moderate_a distance_n be_v divers_a from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o those_o place_n now_o the_o sun_n touch_v they_o cause_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n which_o yet_o happen_v in_o all_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n 3._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v in_o the_o torrid_a southern_a zone_n have_v also_o the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n but_o they_o have_v not_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o autumn_n together_o but_o divers_a place_n have_v it_o in_o different_a day_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n of_o all_o those_o place_n do_v fall_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o beginning_n of_o autumn_n and_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v prove_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a for_o on_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o great_a distance_n that_o be_v possible_a from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o austrial_a torrid_a zone_n then_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n but_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n shall_v happen_v on_o divers_a day_n because_o the_o sun_n in_o sundry_a point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a become_v vertical_a unto_o divers_a place_n and_o acquire_v also_o a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o place_n in_o many_o place_n 4._o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v something_o peculiar_a which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o proper_a motion_n or_o by_o his_o access_n or_o recess_n make_v two_o summer_n in_o they_o two_o spring_n but_o yet_o but_o one_o autumn_n and_o one_o winter_n and_o that_o by_o a_o confuse_a kind_n of_o order_n viz._n this_o the_o spring_n the_o summer_n the_o spring_n the_o summer_n again_o then_o autumn_n and_o then_o winter_n latitude_n the_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v something_o peculiar_a to_o they_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o 8_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o paradox_n be_v because_o the_o sun_n recede_v from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o those_o place_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o 8_o degree_n of_o the_o boreal_a or_o northern_a latitude_n where_o it_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o summer_n and_o go_v forward_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n it_o acquire_v here_o a_o a_o moderate_a distance_n when_o it_o return_v from_o the_o vertices_fw-la towards_o those_o vertices_fw-la it_o shall_v not_o make_v autumn_n after_o that_o first_o summer_n but_o another_o spring_n see_v that_o it_o make_v the_o first_o before_o it_o begin_v the_o first_o summer_n where_o it_o obtain_v a_o mean_a distance_n between_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v a_o place_n which_o be_v four_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o therefore_o also_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ten_o degree_n of_o aries_n decline_v and_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la four_o degree_n therefore_o he_o be_v in_o the_o ten_o of_o aries_n shall_v cause_v the_o beginning_n of_o summer_n in_o that_o place_n moreover_o the_o great_a distance_n which_o this_o place_n can_v have_v in_o the_o meridies_n be_v 27_o degree_n 30_o minute_n viz._n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n where_o his_o declination_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v 30_o minnte_n 23_o degree_n to_o which_o let_v the_o northerm_n distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 4_o degree_n be_v add_v therefore_o see_v his_o mean_a distance_n be_v 0_o degree_n let_v 0_o degree_n be_v his_o middle_a distance_n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n wherefore_o when_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o place_n take_v or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n then_o the_o sun_n shall_v make_v either_o spring_n or_o autumn_n in_o that_o place_n the_o spring_n if_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o those_o point_n towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n but_o autumn_n if_o the_o sun_n tend_v from_o that_o point_n to_o a_o remote_a distance_n now_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o place_n assume_v 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n be_v find_v to_o be_v four_o to_o wit_n the_o 25_o degree_n of_o libra_n the_o 3d_o degree_n of_o gemini_fw-la the_o 27_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o 5_o of_o pisces_fw-la which_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o declination_n of_o these_o point_n because_o that_o therefore_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n acquire_v here_o a_o middle_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n assume_v and_o tend_v towards_o the_o place_n he_o shall_v then_o make_v viz._n he_o be_v in_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o that_o place_n which_o spring_n shall_v continue_v until_o the_o sun_n do_v come_v to_o the_o ten_o of_o aries_n where_o he_o shall_v become_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n and_o that_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o motion_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o place_n to_o the_o three_o of_o gemini_fw-la again_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o meridies_n viz._n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n and_o then_o shall_v that_o summer_n have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o spring_n begin_v not_o the_o autumn_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la from_o the_o three_o of_o gemini_fw-la but_o return_v to_o the_o least_o viz._n whilst_o he_o move_v through_o cancer_n and_o leo_n he_o come_v to_o the_o twenty_o of_o virgo_fw-la for_o then_o again_o he_o become_v vertical_a to_o the_o
that_o in_o those_o month_n it_o rain_v not_o but_o almost_o every_o day_n the_o cloud_n appear_v so_o thick_a as_o if_o it_o will_v immediate_o rain_v but_o there_o fall_v only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o dew_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n yet_o this_o mist_n be_v not_o unwholesome_a but_o be_v condenfed_a into_o dew_n and_o fall_v it_o irrigate_v the_o valley_n it_o do_v not_o rain_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n but_o be_v a_o serene_a season_n this_o maritime_a peru_n be_v distinguish_v into_o valley_n and_o sandy_a place_n the_o valley_n be_v abundant_o fertile_a the_o sandy_a place_n which_o be_v between_o every_o valley_n be_v sterile_a also_o in_o the_o adjacent_a island_n it_o never_o rain_v but_o a_o dew_n only_o fall_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o gorgon_n which_o be_v remove_v three_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o rain_v for_o eight_o month_n almost_o continual_o with_o so_o great_a thunder_n and_o storm_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o cold_a for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pastoa_n in_o the_o valley_n airssina_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o season_n be_v very_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o fruit_n increase_v not_o in_o the_o region_n of_o cusco_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la hard_a frost_n and_o snow_n be_v also_o find_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o peru_n be_v parch_v with_o no_o violent_a heat_n but_o rather_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n except_v its_o sandy_a place_n and_o hill_n but_o the_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a abound_v with_o tree_n and_o fruit_n their_o water_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o dew_n which_o i_o have_v say_v fall_v every_o day_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o flood_n which_o descend_v and_o rush_v from_o the_o mountain_n because_o in_o the_o mountainous_a region_n it_o be_v then_o winter_n and_o rain_v and_o from_o these_o torrent_n the_o inhabitant_n conduct_v the_o water_n by_o certain_a convoyance_n into_o the_o valley_n yet_o some_o valley_n be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o dew_n and_o yet_o produce_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n between_o the_o season_n of_o the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a peru_n and_o why_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o the_o level_a peru_n be_v difficult_a to_o declare_v for_o these_o mountainous_a part_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o level_n maritime_a peru_n that_o any_o one_o in_o the_o morning_n descend_v from_o these_o pluvial_a and_o rage_a shower_n in_o the_o evening_n may_v arrive_v at_o the_o level_a peruvia_n where_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n but_o a_o serene_a air._n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v twofold_a first_o those_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o second_o a_o south-west_n wind_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o peru._n therefore_o this_o wind_n force_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v conderise_v so_o that_o the_o cloud_n may_v not_o destil_n their_o drop_n in_o the_o level_a peru_n but_o in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n they_o be_v attract_v after_o the_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v concern_v mountain_n therefore_o peru_n have_v this_o in_o common_a with_o egypt_n and_o some_o other_o place_n that_o the_o south_n wind_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o rain_n and_o warmth_n but_o rather_o a_o clear_n the_o air_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v place_n in_o all_o the_o place_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 17._o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n viz._n brazilia_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o excel_v with_o a_o wholesome_a disposition_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o give_v place_n unto_o no_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v its_o season_n the_o inhabit_a front_n of_o it_o receive_v the_o subsolan_n wind_n which_o refresh_v man_n and_o beast_n and_o free_v they_o from_o the_o intolerable_a heat_n of_o the_o vertical_a sun_n which_o if_o it_o approach_v the_o sea_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o morning_n if_o it_o depat_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v discern_v more_o after_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o morning_n season_n see_v piso_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr medicina_fw-la braziliensi_fw-la concern_v the_o season_n neither_o do_v it_o languish_v about_o the_o evening_n it_o be_v wont_v do_v do_v so_o in_o many_o part_n of_o india_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intense_a by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o it_o be_v vigorous_a beyond_o midnight_n and_o the_o nocturnal_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n can_v easy_o dull_v or_o overcome_v that_o dilation_n and_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o air._n but_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o peru_n by_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o vast_a space_n although_o it_o be_v infest_a with_o a_o unwholesome_a west_n wind_n and_o a_o mediterranean_a gale_n at_o midnight_n yet_o it_o be_v every_o where_o encompass_v with_o mountain_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o drive_v from_o the_o matutine_v gale_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o penetrate_v to_o the_o sh_n as_o in_o these_o most_o delectable_a and_o constant_a season_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a mutation_n so_o they_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n season_v more_o evident_o because_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v not_o more_o equal_a in_o space_n than_o different_a in_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o sun_n ascend_v high_a after_o it_o have_v open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o man_n it_o hide_v itself_o more_o profound_o and_o that_o by_o a_o equal_a interval_n whence_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n effect_n the_o more_o extreme_a rorifluous_a part_n of_o the_o night_n hence_o a_o penetrate_a cold_a from_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n even_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v the_o body_n so_o that_o that_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o those_o that_o be_v new_a comer_n into_o the_o land_n which_o he_o that_o shun_v not_o will_v hardly_o lead_v a_o good_a life_n in_o these_o or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o brazilian_o therefore_o very_o cautious_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n in_o their_o habitation_n and_o near_o their_o rest_a place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v cold_a and_o drive_v away_o venomous_a infect_v moreover_o the_o direct_a ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_v the_o short_a crepusculas_fw-la and_o make_v the_o night_n so_o even_o to_o the_o day_n that_o a_o hour_n difference_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v the_o cold_a be_v more_o in_o the_o summer_n night_n than_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o and_o it_o be_v more_o mild_o discover_v in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o air_n be_v tranquillous_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wet_a season_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n or_o april_n and_o be_v finish_v in_o august_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o cancer_n in_o part_n dissolve_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n into_o wind_n whence_o immediate_o proceed_v storm_n and_o tempest_n which_o by_o and_o by_o the_o spring_n season_n calm_o compose_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o tropic_n know_v no_o mutation_n about_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n twice_o come_v towards_o and_o depart_v back_o as_o many_o suppose_a but_o only_o go_v away_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n there_o be_v only_o two_o time_n of_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a call_v summer_n the_o other_o hot_a and_o moist_a like_a to_o summer_n with_o we_o in_o europe_n which_o suppli_v the_o place_n of_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v find_v most_o true_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n between_o both_o tropic_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a incidence_n of_o the_o place_n and_o also_o for_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a vicinity_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o year_n be_v accomplish_v in_o about_o six_o month_n incline_v to_o humidity_n and_o six_o to_o siccity_n and_o on_o that_o account_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o many_o city_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o we_o there_o be_v thence_o a_o great_a remission_n of_o the_o heat_n our_o here_o be_v little_o perceive_v although_o the_o sun_n pass_v the_o zenith_n of_o
latter_a or_o other_o extension_n shall_v be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v long_o than_o the_o former_a extension_n as_o return_v into_o itself_o and_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a circle_n other_o render_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o appellation_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n the_o great_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n place_n concern_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o place_n moreover_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o may_v take_v any_o semipeniphery_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n and_o his_o perpendicular_a for_o the_o extension_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v do_v the_o same_o also_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o it_o be_v better_a for_o memory_n if_o that_o the_o periphery_n be_v assume_v who_o bound_n or_o self_n those_o periphery_n before_o the_o other_o periphery_n which_o have_v somewhat_o peculiar_a in_o the_o superficies_n therefore_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n some_o one_o periphery_n be_v deserve_o take_v draw_v among_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o no_o other_o periphery_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o periphery_a which_o may_v pass_v together_o through_o its_o medium_fw-la except_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_o explain_v for_o what_o reason_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o pole_n be_v measure_v for_o longitude_n by_o the_o assume_v line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n therefore_o they_o be_v express_v by_o the_o same_o term_n because_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o be_v part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o parallel_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o improper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o term_n because_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n proper_o as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o agree_v to_o the_o figure_n and_o superficies_n but_o a_o point_n have_v neither_o latitude_n nor_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o this_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n aught_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o read_n of_o geographer_n viz._n the_o use_n and_o acceptation_n otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o the_o like_a because_o then_o the_o word_n be_v take_v in_o their_o proper_a signification_n for_o it_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o longitude_n then_o signify_v the_o outmost_a or_o long_a extension_n but_o latitude_n the_o short_a which_o acceptation_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o wherein_o we_o say_v before_o that_o so_o much_o latitude_n and_o so_o much_o longitude_n must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o signification_n be_v otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n if_o by_o place_n we_o understand_v any_o point_n city_n or_o famous_a place_n because_o then_o latitude_n denote_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o longitude_n its_o distance_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n longitude_n the_o author_n judgement_n about_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o to_o use_v these_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n but_o see_v that_o for_o so_o many_o age_n this_o have_v be_v receive_v therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o abolish_v it_o wherefore_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o say_a term_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n as_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o numeration_n viz._n the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v no_o certain_a beginning_n or_o end_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v every_o where_o because_o the_o periphery_n be_v like_a to_o a_o infinite_a line_n wherefore_o any_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o that_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n from_o whence_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v number_v or_o the_o longitude_n of_o they_o calculate_v now_o why_o we_o require_v these_o two_o distance_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n one_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o other_o from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n ii_o to_o place_n and_o determinate_a the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o every_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n 1._o see_v proposition_n 1._o and_o that_o from_o its_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n must_v be_v reckon_v but_o because_o we_o can_v take_v all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fix_v one_o beginning_n or_o to_o choose_v some_o certain_a point_n but_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o person_n therefore_o geographer_n have_v take_v a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v draw_v and_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o it_o cut_v it_o this_o beginning_n of_o reckon_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n but_o all_o have_v not_o take_v the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o divers_a ptolemy_n have_v take_v that_o near_a to_o the_o fortunate_a island_n which_o he_o remove_v but_o only_o one_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o first_o and_o hence_o towards_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n through_o africa_n and_o asia_n he_o reckon_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o meridian_n ptolemy_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n for_o see_v it_o be_v less_o free_a to_o place_v a_o beginning_n the_o ancient_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v be_v inhabit_v which_o portion_n do_v not_o return_v into_o itself_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o portion_n or_o part_n a_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n and_o end_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o point_n because_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n where_o the_o ultimate_a one_o in_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n then_o know_v therefore_o from_o that_o bound_n ptolemy_n begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o oriental_a region_n he_o make_v the_o end_n of_o his_o numeration_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o sina_n the_o ultimate_a shoar_n of_o asia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v inhabit_a towards_o the_o occid_n and_o america_n be_v discover_v than_o some_o geographer_n promote_v the_o beginning_n of_o numeration_n of_o longitude_n towards_o the_o occid_n for_o some_o make_v the_o first_o meridian_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n nicholas_n adjacent_a to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n but_o hondius_n choose_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n james_n in_o his_o map_n other_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o hondius_n mercator_n and_o other_o some_o choose_v the_o meridian_n of_o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n which_o be_v call_v del_n corvo_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n because_o that_o in_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o declination_n from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o that_o it_o show_v the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n mercator_n
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the_o moon_n in_o the_o zodiac_n 3._o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o fix_a star_n or_o her_o appulse_n towards_o they_o 4._o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o into_o the_o point_n of_o her_o circle_n where_o this_o cut_v the_o ecliptic_a and_o 5._o the_o conjunction_n distance_n and_o eclipse_n of_o the_o jovial_a planet_n viz._n of_o those_o four_o planet_n which_o be_v find_v in_o this_o our_o age_n to_o make_v a_o circuit_n about_o jupiter_n whence_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n have_v obtain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confirmation_n the_o first_o mode_n by_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n mode_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n first_o mode_n this_o mode_n be_v very_a accurate_a if_o that_o their_o can_v happen_v but_o eclipse_n every_o night_n at_o the_o time_n wherein_o we_o behold_v the_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o the_o lunary_n eclipse_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o telescope_n than_o i_o say_v let_v the_o altitude_n 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the_o ephemerides_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v know_v therefore_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o longitude_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n if_o we_o change_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o both_o place_n into_o the_o degree_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o v._o proposition_n and_o because_o in_o map_n give_v and_o in_o the_o globe_n the_o give_v meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v know_v or_o may_v be_v show_v with_o little_a labour_n therefore_o we_o must_v reckon_v the_o degree_n find_v out_o from_o it_o in_o the_o transverse_a line_n of_o the_o map_n towards_o the_o west_n or_o east_n as_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o the_o place_n unknown_a shall_v be_v more_o or_o sewer_n than_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n and_o the_o meridian_n line_n shall_v be_v bring_v through_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n that_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o we_o then_o be_v or_o in_o which_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v make_v the_o second_o mode_n by_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o zodiac_n although_o the_o precede_a mode_n by_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n perform_v the_o business_n mode_n the_o second_o mode_n be_v most_o accurate_a yet_o because_o those_o eclipse_n be_v very_o rare_a neither_o be_v all_o conspicuous_a in_o all_o place_n therefore_o this_o mode_n do_v not_o resolve_v the_o business_n sufficient_o neither_o can_v it_o help_v the_o mariner_n in_o the_o wide_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_a to_o the_o constitute_v and_o find_v out_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a place_n where_o mathematician_n be_v or_o may_v go_v and_o the_o
principal_a xecque_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o chief_z which_o conduct_n and_o command_n they_o they_o live_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o 12_o tribe_n of_o israel_n do_v in_o the_o desert_n they_o preserve_v a_o good_a intelligence_n among_o themselves_o their_o chief_a design_n be_v only_o upon_o stranger_n they_o assault_v likewise_o the_o caravan_n if_o they_o think_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o master_v they_o or_o snatch_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o their_o horse_n common_o be_v little_a lean_a and_o spare_v feeder_n yet_o courageous_a swift_a and_o of_o great_a labour_n they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o manage_v they_o that_o they_o command_v they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o themselves_o be_v so_o active_a that_o at_o full_a speed_n they_o will_v shoot_v a_o arrow_n within_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o shilling_n take_v from_o the_o ground_n those_o arrow_n they_o have_v shoot_v and_o avoid_v a_o arrow_n fly_v direct_o towards_o they_o nor_o do_v they_o manage_v less_o skilful_o the_o sling_n either_o in_o charge_v retire_v or_o fly_v mahometism_n the_o first_o rise_v of_o mahometism_n mahomet_n come_v not_o into_o the_o world_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 570_o after_o christ_n and_o begin_v not_o to_o publish_v and_o show_v abroad_o his_o doctrine_n till_o a_o little_a after_o the_o year_n 600_o a_o doctrine_n intermix_v with_o christianity_n judaisme_n and_o paganism_n that_o he_o may_v draw_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o which_o establish_v its_o principal_a end_n in_o delight_n carnal_a and_o sensual_a pleasure_n whereto_o the_o oriental_a people_n be_v very_o much_o incline_v and_o withal_o he_o find_v the_o mean_n to_o make_v use_n of_o arm_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o this_o doctrine_n his_o calif_n or_o successor_n in_o a_o short_a time_n carry_v their_o government_n and_o religion_n into_o the_o best_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n and_o into_o some_o place_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v people_n be_v almost_o all_o mahometan_n there_o be_v some_o greek_a christian_n towards_o the_o mount_n of_o sinai_n and_o horeb_n likewise_o towards_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n the_o stony_a and_o arabia_n the_o desert_n arabia_n the_o happy_a be_v unhappy_a in_o have_v the_o few_o yet_o the_o portugal_n hold_v mascate_n calasates_n and_o some_o place_n about_o it_o which_o be_v catholic_n persia_n or_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o sophy_n of_o persia_n with_o its_o several_a province_n as_o they_o lie_v towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n or_o sea_n of_o baccu_n and_o sala_n which_o make_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o persia_n and_o be_v those_o of_o seruan_fw-mi tauris_n sammachi_n seruan_fw-mi ardevil_n serga_n bacca_n â—â—kâ—era_fw-la gilan_n rast_n gaxhar_n mazandaran_n layon_n mosun_fw-it gilan_n cassabi_n gadiour_n dilemon_n allamoed_n dilemon_n thalekan_n tabarestan_n aâ—â—erâ—â—ad_n zarâ—â—â—â—â—_n magâ—â—â—â—n_n gorgian_n gorgian_a obâ—â—oen_n darâ—egan_n semnan_n rhoemus_n bestan_n bâ—yâ—â—_n zabrawar_n thous_z masâ—ndn_n feraway_n in_o the_o middle_a to_o wit_n those_o of_o churdistan_n naksivan_n merend_a choy_n maraga_n salmas_n ourmaya_n cormaba_n ayrack_n or_o yerack-agemi_a hispahan_n casbin_n saltania_n dankane_n hamadan_n hrey_n sauwa_n kom_fw-ge or_o come_v kargh_n cassian_n yesd_v chorasan_n thab_v gilack_a kayem_n thon_n zuzan_n mexat_fw-la nichabour_n zarchas_n firabad_n maruwe_n bonregian_n balch_n herat._n sablestan_n zarang_n bost_n necbesaet_n gisna-cassaby_a tocharestan_n thaalan_n candahar_n candahar_n patane_n grease_n bach_n balch_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o arabian_a or_o indian_a ocean_n and_o by_o the_o gulf_n of_o balsora_n and_o ormus_n and_o be_v those_o of_o chusistan_n souster_n askar_n moukeraâ—_n ardgan_n hawecz_n ramhormoz_fw-mi siapour_n saurac_n fars_n chiraef_n aftackar_n lar_n darabegred_a stahabonon_n gombroun_n kherman_n cherman_n girost_n zirgian_n mocheston_n guadel_n nahyan_n patanis_n sigistan_n sistan_n mackeran_n mackeran_n basir_n together_o with_o several_a isle_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o gulf_n of_o balsora_n and_o nigh_o unto_o persia_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v ormus_n ormus_n queixome_a pulor_fw-la coyar_n ficor_n lar._n mulugan_n garge_n persia_n the_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n of_o the_o sophy_n of_o the_o persian_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o great_a of_o all_o asia_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o tigris_n and_o euphrates_n on_o the_o west_n almost_o to_o the_o river_n indus_n on_o the_o east_n and_o from_o the_o gulf_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o arabian_a and_o indian_a sea_n which_o bound_v it_o on_o the_o south_n unto_o the_o river_n gehon_n and_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n now_o the_o sea_n of_o baccu_n or_o tabarestan_n which_o be_v its_o northern_a limit_n persia_n the_o extent_n bound_n situation_n etc._n etc._n of_o persia_n so_o contain_v about_o 600_o league_n of_o length_n and_o 500_o of_o breadth_n 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empire_n former_o much_o large_a than_o now_o it_o be_v and_o name_v alexander_n king_n of_o macedon_n their_o chief_n descend_v into_o asia_n several_a time_n defeat_v darius_n ruin_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o give_v a_o beginning_n to_o that_o of_o the_o macedonian_n alexander_n the_o great_a hold_v this_o empire_n but_o few_o year_n and_o die_v it_o be_v divide_v among_o many_o of_o his_o captain_n who_o take_v in_o the_o end_n the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o wage_v war_n against_o each_o other_o till_o the_o roman_n seize_v the_o western_a and_o the_o parthian_n the_o oriental_a part_n of_o that_o monarchy_n these_o parthian_n free_v themselves_o from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o macedonian_n 250_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o reign_v near_o 500_o year_n artaxerxes_n restore_v the_o persian_n 228_o year_n after_o christ_n nativity_n the_o caliphs_n of_o bagdat_n become_v master_n about_o the_o year_n 650._o the_o tartar_n in_o 1257_o or_o 58._o the_o turcoman_o in_o 1478._o xa_n or_o xecque_fw-fr ismael-sophy_n reestablish_v the_o persian_n a_o little_a after_o the_o year_n 1500_o and_o though_o they_o possess_v only_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a empire_n of_o the_o persian_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o very_o great_a and_o powerful_a persia_n the_o several_a part_n or_o region_n of_o persia_n and_o we_o find_v at_o present_a under_o it_o all_o that_o the_o ancient_n know_v under_o the_o name_n of_o media_n hyrcania_n margiana_n assyria_n in_o part_n parthia_n aria_n paraponisa_n chaldea_n or_o babylonia_n in_o part_n susiana_n persia_n caramania_n drangiana_n arachosia_n and_o gedrosia_n all_o these_o region_n take_v apart_o be_v great_a fair_a rich_a and_o populous_a to_z the_o right_o worshipful_a sr_n william_n courteney_n of_o powderham_n castle_n in_o devonshire_n bart._n this_o map_n be_v hu-mble_o didicate_v by_o rb_n a_o map_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o sophy_n of_o persia_n with_o its_o several_a province_n design_v by_o moncr._n sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_z king_n etc._n province_n of_o gilan_n and_o its_o chief_a place_n etc._n etc._n the_o province_n of_o gilan_n or_o gveylan_n contain_v five_o government_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v rast_n gaxhar_n layon_n gilan_n mosun_n and_o gadiour_n beside_o about_o 30_o fair_a and_o rich_a city_n mazandaran_n which_o some_o separate_a from_o other_o join_v to_o gilan_n have_v in_o its_o government_n 25_o city_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o mazandaran_n about_o 50000_o soul_n all_o these_o quarter_n will_v have_v revolt_v in_o 1594._o but_o xa_n abbas_n soon_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n and_o chastise_v they_o for_o their_o offence_n dilemon_n province_n of_o dilemon_n the_o province_n of_o dilemon_n have_v its_o metropolis_n of_o the_o same_o name_n then_o allamoe_v gowar_n and_o thalekan_n in_o the_o description_n that_o those_o of_o the_o country_n give_v we_o of_o these_o place_n allamoed_n seem_v to_o answer_v to_o dilemon_n tabarestan_n province_n of_o tabarestan_n the_o province_n or_o tabarestan_n extend_v more_o than_o 60_o league_n on_o the_o coast_n
sign_n which_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o angle_n m_o r_o t_o from_o which_o if_o that_o you_o take_v away_o t_o r_o f_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o demand_v be_v leave_v the_o ancient_a optic_n use_v another_o far_o more_o intricate_a but_o yet_o a_o more_o false_a method_n proposition_n xxxiv_o the_o altitude_n and_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o refraction_n at_o the_o give_v apparent_a altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o thence_o the_o true_a altitude_n refraction_n of_o refraction_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o former_a from_o the_o give_v refraction_n at_o the_o give_v altitude_n that_o rule_n of_o refraction_n be_v to_o be_v find_v example_n for_o exercise_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o table_n lay_v down_o before_o of_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n in_o the_o air._n proposition_n xxxv_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v enter_v the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o only_o refract_v but_o be_v also_o reflect_v or_o repercuss_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o rough_a looking-glass_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o inordinate_a situation_n of_o the_o particle_n sun_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o except_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n to_o our_o eye_n no_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v appear_v lucid_a unto_o we_o except_o that_o above_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v and_o so_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o oriental_a part_n neither_o the_o meridian_n or_o occidental_a air_n will_v be_v lucid_a therefore_o some_o ray_n be_v refract_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n some_o be_v refract_v here_o and_o there_o with_o many_o reflection_n from_o one_o particle_n unto_o another_o and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o air_n luminous_a or_o light_a proposition_n xxxvi_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o twilight_n that_o be_v of_o the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n air._n chief_a cause_n of_o twilight_n be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n for_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o east_n his_o ray_n be_v ejaculate_v to_o the_o west_n do_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o so_o make_v the_o occidental_a part_n conspicuous_a so_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n his_o ray_n send_v forth_o into_o our_o air_n be_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o to_o the_o occident_n and_o from_o the_o occident_n to_o our_o eye_n proposition_n xxxvii_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n that_o be_v the_o oriental_a air_n be_v illuminate_v and_o be_v so_o behold_v the_o sun_n be_v depress_v about_o 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o evening_n twilight_n that_o be_v no_o more_o illumination_n appear_v in_o the_o occidental_a air_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n twilight_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o morning_n season_n that_o be_v after_o the_o first_o and_o second_o hour_n after_o midnight_n we_o diligent_o observe_v our_o eye_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o east_n when_o that_o any_o bright_a colour_n show_v itself_o in_o the_o oriental_a air_n about_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o we_o know_v at_o that_o time_n the_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o hour_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n now_o we_o understand_v a_o serene_a air_n of_o which_o see_v that_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o do_v extend_v the_o twilight_n to_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n other_o unto_o the_o sixteenth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o will_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v discover_v contrary_a unto_o what_o we_o say_v may_v happen_v in_o refraction_n proposition_n xxxviii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o matter_n may_v be_v find_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o by_o reflection_n creat_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n as_o hitherto_o they_o have_v think_v neither_o do_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n arise_v from_o a_o simple_a but_o at_o least_o from_o a_o double_a reflection_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v t_o l_o h_o be_v the_o earth_n g_o f_o o_o m_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o twilight_n appear_v or_o the_o light_n in_o the_o horizontal_n air_n f_o the_o incident_a solary_a ray_n f_o g_o s._n therefore_o mathematician_n that_o have_v hitherto_o write_v concern_v twilight_n say_v that_o the_o ray_n incident_a on_o f_z which_o make_v the_o reflection_n f_o l_o to_z come_v from_o the_o very_a sun_n s_n and_o because_o that_o no_o ray_n can_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o f_o so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o tangent_fw-la f_o h_o s_o for_o example_n in_o s_n than_o its_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o f_o first_fw-mi or_o because_o that_o they_o will_v have_v reflection_n to_o be_v make_v from_o f_o as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n therefore_o t_n f_z h_z oughts_z to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o wherefore_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_z f_z s_z shall_v be_v find_v 18_o degree_n and_o l_o f_o h_o 162_o and_o t_o f_o h_o or_o t_o f_o l_o 81_o degree_n and_o l_o t_o f_o 9_o deg_fw-la whence_o t_n f_z be_v find_v about_o 874_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n 11_o mile_n as_o clavius_n and_o nonius_n make_v it_o alhacen_n and_o vitellio_n make_v it_o 13_o mile_n this_o so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o no_o sort_n be_v grant_v when_o that_o other_o phaenomenon_n do_v repugn_v now_o that_o it_o be_v find_v so_o great_a according_a to_o that_o method_n that_o happen_v from_o a_o false_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o assume_v viz._n the_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o reflect_v f_o l_o to_o come_z from_o the_o very_a sun_n for_o this_o be_v false_a because_o that_o it_o come_v by_o reflection_n from_o another_o ray_n for_o example_n g_o l._n now_o that_o to_o make_v the_o small_a light_n in_o f_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ray_n f_o g_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o uâ—ry_a sun_n but_o another_o reflect_a ray_n may_v do_v the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o thence_o that_o in_o the_o occidental_a air_n we_o behold_v the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o direct_a ray_n then_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n s_o to_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o but_o from_o another_o point_n of_o the_o air_n for_o example_n from_o f_z and_z o_o and_o so_o the_o reflect_a ray_n l_o m_o proceed_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n f_o m_o which_o very_o f_z m_z be_v reflect_v from_o the_o incident_a g_o f_o and_o this_o g_o f_o from_o another_o g_o l_o which_o perchance_o also_o come_v from_o another_o second_o that_o also_o be_v worthy_a of_o note_n that_o they_o have_v determine_v that_o reflection_n be_v cause_v from_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n the_o centre_n of_o who_o cavity_n be_v t_o viz._n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o also_o be_v false_a for_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n no_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o those_o particle_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o which_o slide_v from_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o to_z t_o for_o if_o that_o it_o come_v from_o m_n as_o from_o the_o hollow-glass_n of_o the_o centre_n t_o its_o incident_a aught_o to_o come_v from_o the_o quarter_n x_o but_o now_o it_o come_v from_o o_o or_o between_z f_z and_z o_o therefore_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o be_v so_o reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n m_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o require_v and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o air_n particle_n of_o a_o most_o different_a figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o divers_a reflection_n be_v here_o and_o there_o cause_v into_o all_o quarter_n proposition_n thirty-nine_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v not_o generate_v by_o a_o
the_o pole_n that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o place_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la every_o where_n equal_a in_o excess_n or_o that_o the_o long_a day_n equal_o may_v increase_v pole_n of_o parallel_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o viz_o every_o vicine_fw-la couple_n but_o these_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la shall_v have_v a_o less_o distance_n than_o those_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v show_v from_o the_o precedent_n for_o if_o these_o parallel_n shall_v be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o viz._n every_o two_o vicine_fw-la the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o these_o parallel_n will_v not_o augment_v by_o a_o equal_a increase_n as_o we_o have_v here_o show_v and_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v down_o that_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n so_o take_v equal_o increase_n that_o the_o long_a day_n may_v equal_o increase_v in_o they_o wherefore_o every_o two_o vicine_fw-la or_o near_a parallel_n shall_v not_o so_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o but_o many_o parallel_n be_v take_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o long_a day_n may_v equal_o increase_v these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o three_o from_o the_o second_o shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o second_o from_o the_o first_o that_o of_o the_o four_o less_o from_o the_o three_o that_o of_o the_o five_o lesser_o from_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o corollary_n and_o because_o that_o many_o of_o the_o climate_n be_v so_o take_v that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o final_a parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o begin_n at_o the_o climate_n by_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o follow_v from_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o climate_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o broad_a or_o more_o narrow_a than_o these_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o latitude_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o climate_n decrease_v towards_o the_o pole_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v see_v that_o the_o climate_n at_o length_n will_v become_v very_o narrow_a towards_o the_o pole_n if_o that_o the_o same_o excess_n shall_v be_v keep_v viz._n the_o excess_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n so_o that_o geographer_n define_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a climate_n not_o by_o half_a a_o hour_n but_o first_o by_o whole_a hour_n and_o then_o by_o whole_a day_n proposition_n xi_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v give_v in_o any_o place_n or_o parallel_v of_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o this_o parallel_n and_o to_o exhibit_v the_o parallel_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o to_o exhibit_v those_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v so_o great_a cancer_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n etc._n etc._n the_o long_a day_n in_o all_o northern_a place_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v that_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n from_o which_o the_o give_a number_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v denominate_v and_o then_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a in_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n and_o the_o meridian_n in_o the_o crena_n be_v so_o move_v to_o the_o pole_n elevate_v or_o depress_v until_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o tropic_a be_v in_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n but_o so_o that_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o east_n which_o be_v do_v number_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o that_o be_v the_o seek_v for_o elevation_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o very_a globe_n itself_o if_o you_o number_v so_o many_o degree_n in_o the_o meridian_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n and_o a_o chalk_n be_v apply_v you_o may_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o describe_v parallel_n be_v that_o which_o be_v seek_v the_o probation_n of_o the_o method_n be_v easy_a proposition_n xii_o the_o number_n of_o some_o day_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n and_o to_o exhibit_v the_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n on_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o sun_n for_o so_o many_o day_n set_v not_o and_o for_o so_o many_o more_o arise_v not_o place_n further_n concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o day_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a and_o let_v so_o many_o degree_n be_v number_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n as_o that_o divide_a or_o half_a number_n be_v or_o as_o many_o unite_v as_o this_o have_v the_o numeration_n may_v be_v make_v from_o both_o part_n of_o this_o begin_n let_v the_o term_n be_v be_v note_v with_o chalk_n if_o the_o day_n be_v more_o than_o thirty_o the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n must_v be_v take_v lesser_a than_o a_o unite_n then_o let_v this_o note_a point_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n interrupt_v between_o that_o and_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v for_o these_o be_v the_o seek_v for_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v give_v the_o sun_n set_v not_o and_o in_o so_o many_o day_n rise_v not_o you_o shall_v find_v 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day_n viz._n when_o the_o diurnal_a extremity_n of_o the_o shadow_n by_o its_o circumvolution_n shall_v fall_v on_o this_o describe_v periphery_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o virgo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o mode_n let_v the_o periphery_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o ten_o and_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o aries_n the_o first_o and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o taurus_n the_o first_o and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o gemini_fw-la and_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n those_o will_v show_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o those_o point_n and_o also_o in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o 20_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la the_o 10_o and_o the_o first_o of_o virgo_fw-la the_o 15_o of_o leo_n and_o the_o first_o of_o leo_n and_o the_o 15_o degree_n of_o cancer_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o scioterick_n let_v the_o periphery_n be_v describe_v for_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n and_o the_o 25_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 10_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o 20_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 15_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o first_o of_o scorpio_n and_o the_o first_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 15_o of_o scorpio_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o aquarius_n and_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la and_o the_o first_o of_o aquarius_n unto_o every_o one_o of_o these_o periphery_n the_o character_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n must_v be_v ascribe_v proposition_n xxii_o to_o describe_v a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n or_o a_o horizontal_n plain_n describe_v a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n or_o horizontal_n plain_a describe_v by_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o pole_n and_o meridian_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n which_o meridian_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o line_n in_o the_o superficies_n both_o for_o colour_n and_o magnitude_n let_v it_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o hour_n of_o twelve_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n one_o or_o eleven_o or_o until_o 15_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v pass_v the_o brazen_a meridian_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v number_v on_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n and_o let_v this_o hour_n be_v note_v for_o the_o hour_n of_o one_o after_o noon_n and_o eleven_o before_o noon_n then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n 11_o or_o 10_o and_o let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o meridian_n the_o brazen_a one_o and_o that_o assume_v be_v note_v for_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o hour_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n let_v it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o hour_n 9_o and_o 3_o for_o 8_o and_o 4_o for_o 7_o and_o 5_o for_o 6_o and_o 6_o but_o we_o shall_v not_o want_v this_o hour_n for_o 5_o and_o 7_o for_o 4_o and_o 8_o for_o 3_o and_o 9_o these_o degree_n be_v thus_o note_v for_o every_o ascribe_v hour_n let_v the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v on_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a and_o for_o any_o point_n of_o this_o line_n let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v as_o from_o a_o centre_n and_o let_v it_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o same_o on_o either_o side_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n at_o the_o hour_n 6_o before_o noon_n and_o 6_o after_o noon_n the_o meridian_n line_n be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n 12._o in_o the_o describe_v periphery_a let_v the_o arch_n before_o note_a be_v cut_v of_o begin_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n towards_o the_o line_n of_o the_o hour_n 6_o before_z and_z after_o noon_n first_o the_o arch_n note_v for_o 11_o and_o 1_o then_o for_o the_o hour_n 10_o and_o 2_o for_o 9_o and_o 3_o for_o 8_o and_o 4_o etc._n etc._n the_o arch_n thus_o cut_v off_o let_v the_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o those_o bound_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o other_o hour_n but_o the_o style_n must_v be_v so_o elevate_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horologe_n above_o the_o meridian_n line_n that_o the_o angle_n which_o it_o make_v with_o it_o may_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a to_o make_v some_o triangle_n who_o angle_n at_o the_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o the_o declination_n be_v make_v on_o paper_n let_v the_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n which_o from_o the_o periphery_n may_v take_v a_o arch_n equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n the_o numeration_n be_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o let_v the_o triangle_n be_v cut_v out_o to_o be_v place_v above_o the_o meridian_n line_n so_o the_o shadow_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n the_o make_n of_o this_o scioterick_n be_v easy_a without_o a_o globe_n proposition_n xxiii_o to_o describe_v a_o scioterick_n on_o a_o vertical_a plain_n which_o may_v direct_o regard_v the_o east_n and_o west_n aequinoctial_a what_o a_o scioterick_n what_o the_o make_n of_o this_o be_v perfect_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n which_o we_o use_v in_o the_o horizontal_n if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v according_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o according_a to_o the_o compliment_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o style_n also_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o meridian_n
collect_v the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unequal_a increase_n of_o the_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o all_o day_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o here_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v although_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n that_o be_v a_o little_a change_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o this_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n be_v to_o be_v find_v where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o divers_a place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v consider_v in_o both_o situation_n proposition_n xxv_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o those_o situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o sun_n much_o soon_o depart_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la than_o in_o place_n near_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n zone_n of_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v any_o degree_n in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v for_o example_n the_o five_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o another_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v for_o example_n one_o who_o latitude_n be_v 18_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n in_o this_o and_o let_v 5_o degree_n from_o this_o towards_o the_o tropic_a be_v reckon_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o here_o again_o make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n we_o must_v show_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o few_o day_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 5_o degree_n in_o the_o meridies_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o another_o place_n so_o many_o degree_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a come_v under_o some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n near_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o arch_n here_o to_o be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o the_o note_v make_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o the_o place_n and_o let_v this_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o another_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o by_o that_o point_n remove_v five_o degree_n which_o be_v note_v which_o must_v again_o be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o arch_n between_o the_o two_o last_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v reckon_v which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v much_o big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v first_o note_v and_o thence_o the_o sun_n shall_v stay_v in_o this_o arch_n more_o day_n than_o in_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o he_o more_o slow_o recede_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o second_o place_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n take_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o three_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n to_o wit_n the_o comparative_a part_n of_o the_o affection_n from_o compare_v of_o place_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n definition_n 1._o â—he_v circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n definition_n definition_n be_v a_o circle_n pass_v through_o that_o place_n and_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n but_o they_o be_v only_o rational_o distinguish_v because_o the_o meridian_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o celestial_a motion_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o term_n meridian_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o word_n they_o be_v conspicuous_a in_o globe_n and_o map_n pass_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 2._o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o else_o it_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n and_o a_o certain_a other_o meridian_n this_o meridian_n from_o which_o the_o meridian_n of_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v from_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v the_o first_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v term_v its_o extension_n from_o west_n to_o east_n conceive_v according_a to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o map_n and_o globe_n be_v notable_a above_o the_o rest_n for_o magnitude_n and_o colour_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o the_o eye_n 3._o the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o be_v a_o very_a short_a line_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o any_o point_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v true_o say_v to_o represent_v and_o exhibit_v any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o that_o it_o have_v that_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o map_n such_o as_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v have_v to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n i._o nature_n have_v put_v no_o beginning_n or_o end_n to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o the_o extension_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n or_o according_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o beginning_n and_o the_o first_o meridian_n may_v be_v place_v in_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o the_o matter_n must_v be_v more_o full_o search_v into_o etc._n no_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n because_o that_o some_o i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o account_n suppose_v great_a mysterias_fw-la to_o lâ—e_z herein_o that_o every_o superficies_n as_o well_o plane_n as_o crooked_a as_o a_o line_n â—y_a one_o and_o a_o body_n by_o three_o be_v measure_v and_o terminate_v by_o two_o dimension_n or_o extension_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o principle_n of_o geometry_n and_o common_a use_n of_o which_o extension_n one_o be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o extension_n or_o figure_n and_o the_o other_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o one_o be_v conceive_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o other_o neither_o do_v these_o extension_n differ_v in_o their_o nature_n but_o that_o which_o we_o take_v for_o longitude_n may_v also_o be_v take_v for_o latitude_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a but_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o these_o two_o extension_n be_v unequal_a we_o take_v the_o long_a for_o longitude_n and_o the_o short_a for_o latitude_n but_o in_o ordinate_a figure_n as_o in_o the_o aequilateral_a triangle_n a_o quadrate_n and_o the_o like_a the_o two_o extension_n be_v equal_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n between_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n for_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o latitude_n do_v not_o true_o differ_v from_o longitude_n which_o we_o so_o conceive_v in_o it_o for_o the_o more_o distinct_a cognition_n now_o those_o two_o extension_n in_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v commodious_o so_o conceive_v as_o in_o other_o crooked_a superficies_n if_o that_o first_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o semicricle_n be_v take_v in_o it_o draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o this_o line_n be_v make_v one_o extension_n of_o the_o superficies_n then_o for_o the_o other_o extension_n you_o shall_v take_v another_o periphery_n cut_v the_o former_a periphery_n in_o the_o middle_n at_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v take_v in_o all_o figure_n and_o this_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o extend_v about_o the_o whole_a superficies_n until_o it_o return_v to_o itself_o that_o so_o a_o crooked_a superficies_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v extend_v into_o a_o plane_n because_o therefore_o the_o first_o assume_v periphery_n or_o extension_n be_v only_o the_o semicircle_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o
the_o first_o and_o opposite_a meridian_n viz._n a_o p_o and_o c_o p_o the_o number_n may_v be_v ascribe_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o p_o to_o wit_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o even_o to_o 90_o so_o that_o the_o latitude_n of_o every_o one_o may_v be_v conspicuous_a but_o at_o the_o parallel_n 23_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n shall_v be_v ascribe_v at_o the_o 66_o degree_n 30_o min._n the_o arctic_a circle_n in_o the_o praxis_fw-la neither_o all_o the_o meridian_n nor_o all_o the_o parallel_n must_v be_v colour_v but_o only_o every_o ten_o the_o rest_n must_v be_v represent_v with_o occult_a or_o obscure_a line_n after_o all_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n be_v describe_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o note_v from_o the_o table_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n of_o its_o superficies_n let_v the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v account_v from_o the_o first_o assume_v meridian_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o we_o fall_v into_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n then_o from_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n we_o choofe_n a_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n and_o the_o point_n where_o the_o meridian_n cut_v the_o parallel_n be_v the_o point_n which_o represent_v the_o assume_v place_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o appellation_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o it_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v act_v with_o the_o inscription_n or_o projecture_n of_o any_o place_n to_o be_v take_v until_o the_o map_n or_o table_n be_v finish_v note_v rule_v to_o be_v observe_v if_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v to_o be_v note_v if_o the_o semicircle_n also_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v to_o be_v note_v in_o it_o that_o must_v be_v do_v before_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o place_n we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o ecliptic_a make_v the_o ecliptic_a line_n in_o projecture_n therefore_o its_o point_n through_o which_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o eclipse_n must_v be_v draw_v aught_o to_o be_v find_v that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o point_n or_o for_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la which_o therefore_o be_v note_v in_o the_o sign_n of_o aries_n but_o the_o last_o point_n of_o this_o half_a eclipse_n or_o the_o other_o intersection_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o ecliptic_a viz._n the_o end_n of_o virgo_fw-la shall_v be_v in_o 180_o the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o intermedial_a point_n be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o meridian_n 90_o cut_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n so_o we_o have_v get_v three_o point_n through_o which_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o eclipse_n to_o be_v describe_v pass_v which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o half_a eclipse_n which_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o 1_o deg_fw-la of_o aries_n cancer_n and_o libra_n for_o find_v the_o other_o point_n as_o the_o 1_o deg_fw-la of_o taurus_n and_o 15_o the_o 1_o deg_fw-la and_o 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in_o e_o b_o which_o show_v the_o 52_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o arch_n b_o c_o shall_v be_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n let_v the_o point_n in_o e_o d_o be_v note_v with_o the_o letter_n p_o which_o represent_v the_o 52_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o arch_n d_o c_o by_o account_v from_o c_o to_z d_o shall_v be_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n let_v the_o letter_n qui_fw-fr be_v note_v and_o from_o that_o towards_o the_o letter_n p_o let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n 1_o 2_o 3_o etc._n etc._n be_v ascribe_v also_o from_o q_o towards_o d_o and_z from_z b_o towards_z p_o viz._n 52_o 53_o 54_o 55_o etc._n etc._n then_o the_o point_n be_v take_v from_o p_o of_o the_o equal_a degree_n viz._n 99_o and_o 99_o also_o 88_o and_o 88_o let_v these_o be_v describe_v about_o these_o part_n as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o shall_v represent_v the_o parallel_n or_o circle_n 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present_o know_v both_o how_o great_a a_o interval_n they_o lie_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o in_o what_o quater_fw-la they_o lie_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o now_o how_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o globe_n such_o a_o map_n shall_v be_v make_v we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o four_o mode_n of_o particular_a map_n the_o first_o mode_n of_o geographical_a particular_a map_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o make_n of_o general_n or_o universal_a map_n now_o it_o be_v require_v that_o we_o shall_v teach_v the_o composition_n of_o particular_a or_o special_a map_n america_n of_o particular_a or_o special_a map_n as_o of_o asia_n africa_n europe_n america_n the_o part_n therefore_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o will_v represent_v on_o the_o map_n be_v either_o great_a or_o small_a it_o great_a as_o asia_n africa_n europe_n america_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o institute_v a_o declination_n according_a to_o the_o modes_n explain_v for_o general_a map_n but_o in_o divers_a part_n sundey_a 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the_o four_o chapter_n iu._n see_v chap._n iu._n after_o the_o part_n be_v thus_o take_v for_o the_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n in_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a line_n the_o right_a line_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o number_n which_o right_a line_n shall_v represent_v the_o meridian_n line_n then_o through_o every_o deg_fw-la of_o its_o perpendicular_a which_o we_o have_v order_v to_o be_v erect_v from_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o inferior_a line_n line_n parallel_n to_o that_o low_a line_n must_v be_v draw_v through_o the_o beginning_n of_o every_o degree_n which_o shall_v show_v the_o parallel_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o last_o place_n place_n must_v be_v inscribe_v at_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n of_o every_o
place_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o latitude_n do_v meet_v so_o a_o geographical_a map_n for_o a_o give_v region_n shall_v be_v complete_v the_o three_o mode_n of_o describe_v particular_a map_n etc._n the_o three_o mode_n of_o particular_a map_n as_o province_n etc._n etc._n in_o represent_v the_o province_n of_o a_o small_a tract_n we_o use_v another_o method_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v before_o viz._n that_o the_o map_n may_v more_o accurate_o exhibit_v the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o method_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o we_o may_v find_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o position_n of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o mathematical_a instrument_n and_o then_o apt_o transfer_v into_o the_o chart._n for_o example_n sake_n let_v there_o be_v five_o place_n of_o any_o region_n to_o be_v dispose_v in_o the_o table_n according_a to_o its_o situation_n and_o distance_n we_o shall_v call_v those_o five_o place_n a_o b_o c_o d_o 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the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n because_o in_o this_o mode_n we_o place_v the_o eye_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o london_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n and_o take_v the_o horizon_n for_o the_o glass_n if_o we_o be_v mind_v to_o represent_v a_o hemisphere_n or_o a_o part_n great_a lesser_a than_o the_o hemisphere_n than_o we_o take_v a_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n which_o may_v be_v distant_a from_o it_o by_o so_o great_a a_o arch_n as_o be_v the_o part_n to_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o hemisphere_n therefore_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v in_o another_o chart_n m_o the_o centre_n n_n o_o one_o diameter_n p_o q_o another_o perpendicular_a
broad_a here_o be_v a_o fair_a burse_n or_o exchange_n for_o merchant_n two_o great_a prison_n for_o their_o slave_n and_o some_o bastion_n to_o defend_v the_o port_n which_o be_v good_a and_o large_a this_o place_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o death_n of_o cato_n surname_v vticensis_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o caesar_n here_o slay_v himself_o and_o be_v of_o note_n in_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n goletta_n the_o government_n or_o city_n of_o goletta_n the_o government_n of_o goletta_n be_v much_o esteem_v because_o of_o the_o neighbour_a carthage_n or_o rather_o because_o of_o tunis_n who_o key_n it_o be_v it_o be_v a_o fortress_n build_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o gulf_n between_o tunis_n and_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o all_o must_v necessary_o pass_v and_o it_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o build_v a_o fort_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n who_o foot_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v heretofore_o the_o old_a fort_n and_o the_o now_o the_o 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where_o be_v jade_v great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o well_o build_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n make_v a_o enterprise_n on_o they_o in_o 1619._o 3._o monastero_n so_o call_v because_o there_o be_v once_o a_o famous_a monastery_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n augustine_n the_o riches_n about_o susa_n be_v in_o olive_n pear_n and_o other_o fruit_n and_o pasture_n for_o cattle_n the_o ordinary_a food_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v barley-bread_n the_o country_n afford_v no_o other_o grain_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o susa_n and_o hammametha_n addict_v themselves_o to_o traffic_n other_o to_o whitning_n of_o cloth_n they_o make_v charcoal_n and_o draw_v some_o profit_n from_o their_o fish_n el-madia_n the_o government_n or_o city_n of_o africa_n or_o el-madia_n the_o government_n of_o africa_n or_o el-madia_a have_v nothing_o considerable_a but_o this_o place_n may_v be_v make_v far_o better_a than_o it_o be_v it_o be_v situation_n be_v in_o a_o peninsula_n which_o touch_v not_o the_o main_n but_o by_o a_o isthmus_n of_o 2_o or_o 300_o pace_n where_o there_o be_v likewise_o some_o marsh_n and_o on_o this_o side_n the_o city_n be_v invest_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n it_o be_v port_n within_o the_o city_n be_v capable_a to_o lodge_v 50_o galley_n but_o its_o entrance_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o a_o galley_n be_v force_v to_o lift_v up_o its_o oar_n to_o pass_v there_o the_o coast_n about_o sousa_n and_o elmedia_n and_o what_o transaction_n happen_v there_o the_o coast_n about_o susa_n and_o elmedia_n have_v be_v well_o know_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n between_o caesar_n and_o the_o party_n of_o pompey_n caesar_n land_v at_o rhuspina_n now_o susa_n adrumetum_n now_o hammametha_n be_v in_o the_o enemy_n hand_n and_o in_o the_o beginning_n have_v divers_a
there_o be_v yet_o form_v a_o great_a number_n of_o creature_n which_o appear_v when_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n diminish_v say_v that_o the_o god_n after_o they_o the_o hero_n and_o in_o fine_a man_n have_v reign_v for_o almost_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o year_n of_o these_o god_n there_o be_v three_o degree_n of_o which_o pan_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o eight_o first_o hercules_n of_o the_o 12_o second_o and_o denis_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d three_o they_o divide_v the_o time_n of_o their_o man_n king_n by_o dynasty_n that_o be_v domination_n of_o divers_a family_n and_o give_v so_o great_a a_o number_n to_o their_o king_n and_o so_o great_a a_o time_n to_o their_o reign_n that_o they_o must_v have_v beginning_n long_o before_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o likewise_o by_o their_o account_n their_o god_n and_o hero_n have_v reign_v before_o man_n the_o space_n of_o 20_o or_o 25000_o year_n they_o attribute_v the_o foundation_n of_o most_o of_o their_o city_n to_o their_o god_n hero_n and_o king_n and_o these_o they_o make_v and_o build_v many_o labyrinth_n pyramid_n obelisque_n colossus_n etc._n etc._n not_o know_v how_o to_o expend_v their_o treasure_n or_o employ_v their_o people_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n one_o sesostris_n or_o seostris_n subdue_v all_o europe_n and_o asia_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v they_o joseph_n a_o hebrew_n servant_n and_o after_o master_n of_o the_o house_n of_o potipher_n from_o the_o prison_n rise_v to_o such_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n that_o he_o alone_o have_v almost_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n establish_v his_o brother_n in_o egypt_n and_o their_o descendant_n multiply_v so_o that_o in_o the_o end_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n become_v jealous_a and_o fearful_a lest_o they_o shall_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n another_o sesostris_n subdue_v syria_n assyria_n media_n the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v esteem_v as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n mephre_n or_o memnon_n it_o be_v that_o dedicate_v his_o statue_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o it_o salute_v at_o its_o rise_n and_o show_v some_o sign_n of_o joy_n so_o artificial_a be_v it_o make_v busiris_n treat_v the_o hebrew_n so_o ill_o that_o he_o leave_v he_o the_o name_n of_o a_o infamous_a tyrant_n cenchre_n be_v the_o pharaoh_n who_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o red_a sea_n proteus_n give_v occasion_n to_o say_v that_o he_o turn_v himself_o into_o a_o lion_n sometime_o into_o a_o bull_n or_o dragon_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n of_o his_o different_a arm_v his_o head_n or_o possible_o for_o his_o different_a action_n rempsis_n have_v no_o other_o care_n but_o to_o keep_v up_o riches_n chemnis_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v the_o first_o and_o great_a pyramid_n employ_v therein_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o thousand_o man_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o sesac_n or_o sesouchis_n arm_v four_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n sixty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o chariot_n against_o rehoboam_n take_v and_o pillage_v jerusalem_n and_o its_o temple_n bocchoris_n though_o weak_a of_o body_n be_v so_o prudent_a that_o he_o give_v law_n to_o the_o egyptian_n this_o be_v he_o that_o league_v himself_o with_o hosea_n against_o salmanazar_n king_n of_o the_o babylonian_n sevecho_n or_o sebeko_n reign_v in_o egypt_n sennacherib_n king_n of_o the_o assyrian_n be_v come_v to_o assault_v he_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o wild_a rat_n knaw_v in_o one_o night_n the_o arrow_n in_o the_o quiver_n and_o the_o string_n or_o cord_n of_o the_o bow_n and_o the_o thong_n of_o the_o assyrian_n arm_n which_o cause_v on_o the_o morrow_n both_o their_o flight_n and_o overthrow_n necao_n or_o necaus_n begin_v the_o channel_n between_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n pass_v by_o the_o meridional_a or_o aethiopian_a ocean_n by_o the_o occidental_a or_o atlantic_a ocean_n reentre_v by_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n and_o return_v into_o egypt_n at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n he_o vanquish_v josias_n king_n of_o judea_n and_o be_v also_o vanquish_v by_o nebuchodonozar_n apryes_fw-mi happy_a in_o his_o beginning_n be_v in_o the_o end_n defeat_v by_o those_o of_o cyrene_n in_o libya_n and_o see_v all_o egypt_n revolt_n who_o choose_v for_o their_o king_n amasis_n under_o who_o reign_n there_o be_v count_v twenty_o thousand_o city_n in_o egypt_n as_o pliny_n say_v under_o this_o amasis_n the_o estate_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o persian_n after_o to_o the_o macedonian_n greek_n and_o then_o to_o the_o roman_n etc._n etc._n among_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n who_o rule_v in_o egypt_n cambyses_n be_v the_o first_o and_o best_a know_v among_o the_o macedonian_n and_o greek_n alexander_n the_o great_a after_o who_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n take_v the_o name_n of_o ptolemy_n from_o the_o name_n of_o he_o who_o first_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o king_n after_o alexander_n but_o after_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o egypt_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o remarkable_a of_o their_o history_n but_o cleopatra_n after_o who_o augustus_n reduce_v this_o kingdom_n to_o a_o roman_a province_n and_o it_o remain_v under_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n near_o seven_o hundred_o year_n till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n six_o hundred_o and_o forty_o that_o the_o arab_n seize_v it_o under_o their_o calif_n who_o reside_v first_o at_o medina_n then_o at_o bagdad_n damascus_n and_o sometime_o at_o cairo_n the_o sultan_n abolish_v this_o califate_n in_o egypt_n and_o among_o they_o the_o christian_n have_v but_o too_o well_o know_v one_o saladine_n who_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n among_o these_o last_o sultan_n campson_n gaurus_n and_o tomombey_n be_v esteem_v valiant_a yet_o be_v so_o ill_o serve_v that_o the_o turk_n under_o their_o emperor_n selimus_n become_v master_n of_o egypt_n in_o 1518_o and_o do_v yet_o possess_v it_o bassa_n the_o tribute_n they_o pay_v to_o the_o bassa_n at_o present_v the_o port_n send_v a_o bassa_n to_o command_v in_o egypt_n and_o the_o 12_o cassilif_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o country_n depend_v on_o this_o bassa_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v only_o his_o farmer_n they_o give_v he_o every_o year_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o purse_n every_o purse_n of_o 750._o or_o 760_o lion_n dollar_n some_o 25_o 30_o 40_o some_o only_a 10_o or_o 12_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o cassilif_n or_o government_n some_o have_v only_o 40_o or_o 50_o town_n other_o 100_o 200_o 300_o and_o more_o beside_o these_o purse_n for_o the_o bassa_n they_o give_v to_o the_o tihaja_n or_o haja_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o chancellor_n and_o other_o officer_n about_o the_o six_o or_o at_o least_o the_o five_o part_n of_o what_o they_o give_v to_o the_o bassa_n and_o for_o the_o prince_n or_o grand_a signior_n some_o pay_n 6_o time_n more_o other_o ten_o time_n more_o than_o they_o give_v to_o the_o bassa_n and_o beside_o these_o purse_n they_o furnish_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o ardep_n or_o measure_n of_o grain_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n the_o constant_a profit_n or_o revenue_n that_o the_o grand_a signior_n drawsâ—rom_fw-mi this_o kingdom_n be_v 1800000_o zeccheens_n yearly_a egypt_n the_o grand_a signior_n revenue_n from_o egypt_n each_o zeccheene_n be_v value_v at_o 9_o s._n sterling_a which_o be_v 8_o million_o and_o 10000_o l._n sterling_a and_o this_o revenue_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o equal_a part_n of_o which_o one_o be_v allot_v for_o the_o furnish_n and_o accommodate_v the_o annual_a pilgrimage_n to_o mecha_n the_o second_o go_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n with_o other_o necessary_a charge_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o go_v clear_a into_o his_o chequer_n egypt_n the_o several_a cassilif_n in_o egypt_n the_o cassilif_n of_o girgio_n or_o of_o say_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a it_o pass_v not_o above_o 100_o year_n since_o for_o a_o kingdom_n and_o receive_v its_o bassa_n from_o the_o port._n it_o have_v likewise_o its_o dievan_fw-mi dispose_v its_o cassilif_n or_o under-government_n which_o lie_v in_o its_o extent_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a bear_v much_o corn_n and_o feed_v many_o cattle_n the_o cassiliff_n of_o manfelout_n and_o benesuef_n be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o better_o people_v and_o worth_a little_a less_o than_o that_o of_o girgio_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v those_o of_o minio_n and_o cherkeffi_n which_o have_v as_o large_a a_o extent_n as_o the_o other_o 3_o together_o but_o be_v incomparable_o less_o as_o to_o the_o goodness_n scarce_o
little_a favourable_a encounter_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o end_n he_o happy_o defeat_v both_o scipio_n and_o juba_n near_o to_o thapsus_n now_o elmedia_n and_o after_o that_o defeat_n cato_n despair_v slay_v himself_o at_o utica_n now_o benserta_n scipio_n save_v himself_o in_o some_o ship_n but_o be_v meet_v by_o caesar_n fleet_n pass_v his_o sword_n through_o his_o body_n he_o precipitate_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n juba_n will_v have_v retire_v to_o zama_n where_o he_o have_v leave_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o treasure_n but_o zama_n have_v refuse_v to_o open_v he_o the_o gate_n he_o and_o petrejus_n retire_v into_o a_o house_n in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o kill_v themselves_o during_o this_o war_n and_o almost_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o caesar_n happen_v near_o hammametha_n a_o thing_n incredible_a which_o be_v that_o 30_o gaul-horsman_n assault_v a_o post_n of_o 2000_o moorish_a horse_n put_v they_o to_o rout_n and_o pursue_v they_o into_o the_o city_n for_o zama_n or_o zama_n regia_n it_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o the_o position_n which_o ptolemy_n give_v it_o and_o from_o that_o of_o ortelius_n which_o we_o at_o other_o time_n and_o which_o all_o other_o have_v since_o follow_v this_o author_n place_n it_o 500000_o pace_n from_o carthage_n and_o 600000_o from_o adrumetum_n but_o it_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o by_o the_o itinerary_a table_n not_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o carthage_n above_o 100_o or_o 120000_o pace_n and_o from_o adrumetum_n 100000_o pace_n or_o little_o more_o vrbs_fw-la the_o government_n or_o city_n of_o big_a and_o vrbs_fw-la beg_v or_o beija_n and_o vrbs_fw-la this_o in_o the_o road_n from_o tebessa_n to_o tunu_n that_o in_o the_o way_n from_o constantina_n to_o tunis_n be_v both_o seat_v in_o fair_a plain_n so_o fertile_a in_o grain_n particular_o beg_v that_o those_o of_o tunis_n say_v that_o if_o they_o have_v two_o beg_v they_o will_v yield_v as_o many_o corn_n as_o there_o be_v sand_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o nigh_o to_o vrbs_fw-la be_v camud_n arbe_n musti_n and_o marmagen_n all_o fair_a city_n cayroan_n the_o government_n or_o city_n of_o cayroan_n cayroan_n of_o old_a thesdrus_n aught_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v among_o the_o maritime_a government_n since_o it_o hold_v on_o the_o coast_n tobulha_n asfachusa_n and_o some_o other_o place_n but_o its_o principal_a place_n be_v on_o the_o main_a land_n its_o government_n be_v likewise_o esteem_v to_o be_v within_o the_o land_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy-plain_a which_o afford_v neither_o grain_n fruit_n nor_o scarce_o any_o water_n but_o what_o be_v preserve_v in_o cistern_n it_o be_v about_o 100_o mile_n from_o tunis_n and_o about_o 36_o from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o hucha_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o conquer_v africa_n for_o the_o saracen_n who_o adorn_v it_o with_o a_o stately_a mosque_n support_v on_o pillar_n of_o marble_n of_o which_o two_n or_o three_o be_v very_o fair_a one_o and_o of_o a_o prodigious_a greatness_n who_o also_o place_v in_o it_o a_o college_n of_o priest_n and_o now_o in_o much_o esteem_n be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o high_a priest_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o to_o this_o place_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o corpse_n of_o their_o chief_a man_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v inter_v who_o believe_v that_o by_o the_o prayer_n of_o those_o priest_n they_o shall_v find_v a_o short_a way_n to_o heaven_n than_o if_o inter_v at_o any_o other_o place_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v now_o reduce_v to_o about_o 4_o or_o 500_o family_n not_o far_o from_o cayroan_n gueslet_n mountain_n of_o zaghoan_n and_o gueslet_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o zaghoan_n and_o gueslet_n the_o last_o not_o above_o 12000_o pace_n distant_a both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v divers_a footstep_n of_o roman_a building_n but_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v from_o the_o last_o that_o scipio_n consider_v the_o battle_n between_o massinissa_n king_n of_o numidia_n and_o asdrubal_n chief_a of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o of_o this_o encounter_n scipio_n will_v sometime_o say_v to_o his_o friend_n that_o he_o be_v the_o three_o who_o have_v have_v the_o pleasure_n to_o see_v a_o famous_a battle_n without_o have_v run_v any_o resigoe_o to_o wit_n jupiter_n from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n ida_n and_o neptune_n from_o some_o eminence_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o samothrace_n who_o behold_v the_o battle_n between_o the_o trojan_n and_o greek_n and_o himself_o this_o between_o massinissâ—_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n and_o towards_o billedulgerid_n be_v caffa_n hama_fw-la techio_n neifa_n and_o nafta_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tripoli_n tripoli_n kingdom_n of_o tripoli_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tripoli_n take_v up_o the_o just_a moiety_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n from_o cape_n unto_o egypt_n and_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o principal_a part_n or_o province_n which_o bear_v likewise_o the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n tripoli_n and_o barca_n tripoli_n be_v between_o the_o two_o syrtes_n now_o the_o sand_n or_o bank_n of_o barbary_n these_o be_v gulf_n of_o different_a greatness_n but_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n infamous_a for_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o vessel_n lose_v on_o their_o flat_n or_o rock_n among_o which_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n be_v very_o unequal_a and_o change_v often_o there_o be_v sometime_o much_o sometime_o a_o little_a and_o sometime_o none_o at_o all_o the_o little_a syrtes_n now_o the_o gulf_n of_o cape_n separate_v tripoli_n from_o tunis_n the_o great_a syrtes_n now_o the_o gulf_n of_o sydra_n divide_v it_o from_o barca_n this_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o billidulgerid_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n it_o be_v principal_a city_n be_v el-hamma_a cape_n zoara_n the_o two_o tripoly_n old_a and_o new_a sarmana_n lepeda_n etc._n etc._n 1._o el-hamma_a be_v in_o the_o land_n people_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n and_o people_n cape_n and_o the_o rest_n on_o the_o sea_n between_o el-hamma_a and_o cape_n be_v a_o lake_n excellent_a against_o leprosy_n 2._o cape_n of_o old_a tacapa_n have_v good_a wall_n and_o a_o good_a castle_n but_o its_o port_n dangerous_a and_o incapable_a to_o receive_v either_o many_o or_o great_a vessel_n it_o be_v situate_a at_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n triton_n into_o the_o lesser_a syrtes_n 3._o zoara_n of_o old_a pisida_n between_o cape_n and_o tripoli_n have_v its_o land_n so_o dry_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o water_v it_o and_o yet_o will_v scarce_o produce_v any_o thing_n save_o barley_n and_o some_o fruit_n among_o which_o lotos_fw-gr with_o which_o they_o make_v a_o excellent_a metheglin_n but_o it_o last_v good_a not_o above_o 9_o or_o 10_o day_n flesh_n be_v here_o very_o scarce_o they_o not_o have_v wherewith_o to_o feed_v beast_n the_o arab_n frequent_v their_o market_n and_o serve_v they_o with_o wool_n wherewith_o they_o make_v clothes_n and_o other_o manufacture_n 4._o tripoli_n the_o old_a of_o old_a sabrata_n and_o which_o the_o arab_n of_o nubia_n call_v the_o tower_n of_o sabrat_n have_v only_o some_o hamlet_n and_o remnant_n of_o fair_a and_o stately_a edifice_n 5._o the_o new_a tripoli_n of_o old_a oea_n be_v better_a maintain_v thereof_o tripoli_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o though_o it_o have_v many_o ruin_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o divers_a change_v it_o have_v have_v the_o disposition_n of_o its_o place_n street_n and_o the_o order_n of_o its_o building_n be_v agreeable_a be_v adorn_v with_o many_o fair_a mosque_n college_n hospital_n etc._n etc._n the_o inhabitant_n subsist_v only_o on_o their_o commerce_n which_o be_v of_o what_o they_o get_v from_o their_o palm-tree_n lotos_fw-la and_o linnen-cloth_n which_o they_o utter_v in_o africa_n sicily_n and_o malta_n beside_o their_o black_a and_o ethiopian_a slave_n which_o they_o sell_v till_o of_o late_o they_o have_v much_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o piracy_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a retreat_n for_o pirate_n who_o infest_a these_o sea_n and_o do_v much_o mischief_n to_o christian_a merchant_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o italy_n sicily_n and_o elsewhere_o 6._o lepeda_n be_v in_o some_o repute_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o arab_n of_o nubia_n and_o more_o under_o the_o roman_n farther_n be_v the_o great_a syrtes_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v the_o isle_n sydra_n which_o communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o gulf_n and_o on_o the_o firm_a land_n be_v the_o tomb_n of_o philenes_n or_o arae_n philenarum_n which_o set_v the_o limit_n between_o africa_n and_o libya_n and_o afterward_o between_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o the_o cyrenian_o and_o in_o fine_a of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n against_o that_o of_o the_o west_n