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atheneus_n that_o lead_n be_v add_v to_o make_v the_o part_n stand_v out_o from_o the_o ship_n more_o light_a but_o yet_o polybius_n and_o aelian_o opinion_n may_v well_o agree_v and_o in_o pike_n that_o have_v counterweight_n at_o their_o end_n the_o hold_n for_o charge_v be_v take_v two_o cubit_n from_o the_o butt_n end_n there_o may_v be_v lose_v four_o cubit_n where_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v hold_v at_o the_o butt_n end_v itself_o lose_v but_o 2_o cubit_n 5_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o other_o behind_o can_v reach_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n how_o shall_v they_o bear_v their_o pike_n then_o d_o polybius_n show_v what_o the_o manner_n be_v those_o rank_n say_v he_o that_o stand_v behind_o the_o five_o can_v help_v nothing_o to_o the_o fight_n in_o front_n and_o therefore_o they_o charge_v not_o their_o pike_n low_a but_o bear_v they_o towards_o their_o forestander_n shoulder_n the_o point_n somewhat_o erect_v to_o secure_v the_o battle_n from_o above_o intercept_n by_o their_o 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home_o to_o he_o for_o what_o length_n soever_o be_v take_v from_o the_o file-leader_n in_o front_n the_o same_o be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n that_o push_v with_o he_o and_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o wound_v the_o file-leader_n and_o not_o the_o file-leader_n he_o especial_o the_o pike_n differ_v in_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n 6_o the_o superordinarie_a lieutenant_n of_o every_o syntagma_n i_o have_v before_o note_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o syntagma_n and_o it_o be_v here_o well_o express_v by_o aelian_n he_o that_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o touch_v the_o same_o let_v he_o resort_v to_o xenophons_n cyropaedia_fw-la lib._n 3._o 28._o and_o lib._n 7._o 178._o b._n and_o to_o leo_n cap._n 14._o §_o 79._o the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o number_n of_o every_o file_n chap._n xv._n thus_o much_o of_o order_v and_o marshal_v the_o armed-foote_n i_o will_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o lightarmed_n or_o naked_a 1_o the_o general_n be_v to_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n so_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a for_o all_o attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n sometime_o in_o front_n sometime_o in_o flank_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n for_o our_o purpose_n let_v they_o be_v thus_o order_v we_o will_v frame_v also_o of_o they_o 1024_o file_n as_o many_o as_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o arm_a contain_v so_o that_o the_o first_o file_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n be_v place_v direct_o behind_o the_o first_o file_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o the_o second_o file_n behind_o the_o second_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n 2_o yet_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v sixteen_o to_o the_o file_n but_o half_o so_o many_o namely_o eight_o
particular_o to_o the_o first_o aspect_n so_o that_o this_o be_v use_v after_o the_o make_n of_o a_o anastrophe_n for_o always_o in_o motion_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o soldier_n face_n move_v forward_o to_o move_v backward_o have_v many_o inconvenience_n of_o stumbling_n upon_o uneven_a ground_n or_o stone_n or_o pit_n or_o stubbe_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o anastrophe_n after_o a_o wheeling_n aelian_n will_v that_o the_o soldier_n turn_v their_o face_n the_o contrary_a way_n first_o then_o move_v on_o till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o first_o ground_n then_o open_a rank_n and_o file_n and_o last_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o aspect_n and_o as_o it_o differ_v from_o anastrophe_n so_o differ_v it_o likewise_o from_o metabole_n metabole_fw-la only_o turn_v face_n about_o this_o set_v the_o soldier_n in_o his_o former_a posture_n not_o only_o for_o his_o face_n but_o for_o his_o arm_n also_o which_o be_v order_v as_o at_o first_o the_o 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soldier_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o in_o flank_n and_o in_o the_o rear_n carry_v himself_o upright_o or_o right_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o upright_o stand_v of_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o sundry_a place_n of_o pausanias_n who_o reherse_v that_o minerva_n image_n set_v 43._o in_o the_o temple_n parthenion_n stand_v upright_o orthon_fw-mi esti_fw-la and_o in_o a_o other_o place_n that_o in_o corinth_n 89._o in_o the_o temple_n pantheon_n there_o be_v two_o image_n of_o mercury_n stand_v upright_o ortha_fw-mi 87._o and_o that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o fortune_n the_o image_n of_o fortune_n be_v carve_v of_o parian_a stone_n and_o stand_v upright_a orthon_n and_o that_o in_o neptune_n temple_n situate_a in_o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n the_o image_n of_o amphitrite_n and_o neptune_n stand_v in_o a_o chariot_n and_o the_o boy_n palemon_n upright_o upon_o a_o dolphin_n orthos_n in_o all_o which_o place_n orthos_n design_v the_o site_n of_o man_n but_o here_o as_o i_o take_v it_o can_v be_v so_o apply_v because_o in_o every_o motion_n not_o only_o in_o this_o the_o man_n stand_v upright_o how_o then_o can_v they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o stand_n upright_o when_o they_o do_v it_o already_o i_o take_v the_o original_n of_o the_o appellation_n to_o come_v from_o another_o cause_n and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o pike_n for_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v first_o set_v in_o the_o field_n every_o soldier_n stand_v with_o his_o pike_n order_v that_o be_v upright_o for_o to_o order_v a_o pike_n be_v to_o set_v the_o butt_n end_n on_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o soldier_n somewhat_o wide_o of_o his_o right_a foot_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o upright_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n bear_v even_o with_o the_o shoulder_n but_o when_o you_o begin_v or_o continue_v any_o motion_n the_o manner_n be_v to_o advance_v or_o to_o shoulder_v the_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o proceed_v but_o be_v command_v to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n it_o must_v be_v order_v again_o so_o that_o the_o first_o posture_n of_o a_o arm_a man_n be_v to_o stand_v with_o his_o pike_n upright_o and_o after_o many_o motion_n and_o wind_n he_o at_o last_o return_v to_o the_o same_o posture_n which_o i_o take_v the_o command_n of_o ep'orthon_n apodounai_o to_o signify_v now_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n alone_o i_o will_v bring_v witness_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v report_v by_o 473._o diodorus_n siculus_n that_o agesilaus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o fifteen_o hundred_o horse_n invade_v boeotia_n the_o athenian_n before_o hear_v of_o agesilaus_n come_v have_v send_v five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o 200_o horse_n to_o aid_v the_o theban_n who_o gather_v their_o army_n together_o seize_v upon_o a_o long_a narrow_a hill_n distant_a 20_o furlong_n from_o the_o city_n and_o make_v the_o hard_a access_n to_o the_o place_n a_o kind_n of_o fortification_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o there_o wait_v his_o come_n fear_v to_o hazard_v upon_o even_a ground_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o renown_n and_o glory_n of_o agesilaus_n agesilaus_n have_v imbattail_v his_o troop_n lead_v they_o against_o the_o boeotian_n and_o approach_v near_o send_v his_o light_n arm_v to_o sound_v their_o disposition_n to_o fight_v which_o be_v easy_o repulse_v by_o the_o theban_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o high_a ground_n he_o advance_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v imbattail_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v give_v great_a terror_n chabrias_n the_o athenian_a will_v his_o soldier_n to_o await_v the_o enemy_n contemptuous_o both_o keep_v their_o first_o array_n and_o their_o target_n at_o their_o knee_n and_o continue_v their_o pike_n upright_o order_v who_o when_o they_o joint_o as_o upon_o a_o word_n give_v do_v as_o they_o be_v command_v agesilaus_n both_o wonder_v at_o the_o good_a order_n and_o at_o the_o assure_a fashion_n of_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o strive_v with_o unequal_a ground_n and_o by_o force_v they_o to_o fight_v to_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v valiant_a whether_o they_o will_v or_o no._n hitherto_o diodor_n sicul._n of_o the_o strategem_fw-la of_o chabrias_n against_o agesilaus_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o contempt_n of_o agesilaus_n and_o all_o his_o force_n first_o in_o not_o stir_v one_o foot_n to_o meet_v the_o enemy_n then_o in_o keep_v the_o array_n they_o hold_v before_o further_a in_o sink_v their_o target_n to_o their_o knee_n last_o in_o continue_v the_o former_a order_n of_o their_o pike_n that_o be_v not_o make_v readyto_o charge_v but_o remain_v with_o their_o pike_n order_v as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o agesilaus_n advance_v his_o army_n think_v to_o strike_v a_o fear_n into_o his_o enemy_n chabrias_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n scorn_v the_o brovado_n of_o agesilaus_n conceive_v he_o will_v not_o be_v 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be_v call_v thureo_n and_o be_v in_o form_n like_o a_o door_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o name_n for_o thura_fw-la signify_v a_o door_n these_o the_o roman_n and_o gaul_n used_n albeit_o sâ—me_n what_o different_a in_o form_n the_o 12_o round_o have_v eight_o full_a handful_n in_o diameter_n as_o alien_a say_v and_o be_v term_v asâ—ides_v long_a target_n be_v much_o dislike_v by_o the_o grecian_n cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n deride_v they_o as_o both_o hinder_v the_o sight_n &_o be_v unwieldy_a philopoe_n and_o philopoemen_n change_v they_o into_o round_a target_n follow_v the_o macedonian_a manner_n the_o target_n of_o philopoemen_n 4â—4_n pausanias_n term_v argâ—lican_n target_n it_o may_v be_v because_o they_o be_v first_o use_v by_o the_o argive_n in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o 56_o acrisius_n danae_n father_n and_o praetus_fw-la who_o contend_v about_o the_o kingdom_n of_o argos_n of_o what_o matter_n these_o target_n be_v be_v a_o quaestion_n some_o take_v they_o to_o have_v 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megapolitan_o who_o imitate_v the_o macedonian_a manner_n of_o arm_v be_v term_v chalcaspide_n 4_o in_o polybius_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v â—_o brazen_a target_n by_o the_o institution_n of_o lycurgus_n &_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o hero_n almost_o all_o armour_n be_v make_v of_o brass_n 56â—_n the_o target_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o leuctra_n be_v brass_n and_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pausanias_n and_o the_o brazen_a target_n 123_o of_o pyrrhus_n which_o he_o leave_v at_o argos_n be_v there_o slay_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o câ—es_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o it_o may_v become_v light_a enough_o by_o use_n and_o exercisâ—_n we_o see_v iron_n target_n in_o use_n at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o hard_a to_o be_v bear_v and_o albeit_o the_o weight_n be_v not_o for_o every_o man_n strength_n yet_o since_o it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v the_o manner_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o soldier_n and_o to_o fit_v they_o with_o arm_n according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o their_o body_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o strong_a sort_n may_v well_o bear_v they_o another_o sort_n of_o target_n there_o be_v which_o differ_v from_o the_o macedonian_a not_o so_o much_o in_o form_n of_o roundness_n as_o in_o matter_n and_o manner_n of_o carieng_n they_o be_v make_v of_o wicker_n and_o bear_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o our_o buckler_n which_o we_o use_v not_o long_o since_o and_o a_o some_o cover_v over_o with_o hide_n some_z not_o b_o xenophon_n say_v that_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a arm_a the_o persian_n with_o these_o wicker_n target_n &_o reko_n ning_v up_o the_o nation_n through_o who_o country_n the_o grecian_n pass_v in_o their_o return_n out_o of_o persia_n &_o describe_v their_o arm_n b_o report_v that_o the_o chalybes_n taochi_n &_o phasian_o have_v target_n of_o this_o kind_n now_o that_o they_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o same_o xenoph._n e._n he_o write_v thus_o of_o the_o fight_n betwixt_o cyrus_n &_o croesus_n the_o egyptian_n &_o persian_n encounter_v together_o the_o fight_n be_v hard_a &_o sharp_a &_o the_o egyptian_n aswell_o in_o number_n as_o in_o arm_n have_v the_o advantage_n for_o they_o fight_v with_o stiff_a long_a pike_n &_o their_o large_a target_n better_a cover_v their_o body_n than_o cuirass_n or_o wicker_n target_n and_o be_v bear_v on_o their_o shoulder_n avail_v to_o joint-thrusting_a foreward_n serring_z therefore_o their_o target_n close_o they_o advance_v &_o run_v on_o the_o persian_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o shock_n by_o reason_n they_o bear_v their_o wicker_n target_v at_o the_o arm_n end_n but_o retire_v by_o little_a &_o little_a &_o give_v &_o take_v blow_n they_o maintain_v the_o fight_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o engine_n so_o far_o xenophon_n out_o of_o which_o word_n a_o man_n may_v plain_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o bear_v these_o wicker_n target_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o lightness_n may_v easy_o be_v hold_v out_o at_o arm_n end_v and_o as_o the_o egyptian_a target_n which_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a and_o therefore_o have_v â—eed_o of_o the_o shoulder_n to_o support_v it_o so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o brazen_a target_n of_o the_o macedonian_n which_o be_v also_o weighty_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o be_v make_v of_o these_o therefore_o be_v likewise_o carry_v on_o the_o shoulder_n plutarch_n witness_v it_o in_o the_o life_n of_o aemilius_n and_o the_o same_o plutarch_n rehearse_v that_o cleomenes_n the_o king_n of_o sparta_n teach_v his_o lacedaemonian_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o spear_n to_o use_v a_o pike_n with_o hoth_a hand_n and_o to_o bear_v theirâ—_n target_n upon_o the_o strappe_v not_o by_o the_o handle_n the_o word_n be_v obscure_a &_o need_v light_n which_o i_o will_v give_v as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v i_o find_v three_o word_n amongst_o the_o grecian_n all_o perteyn_a to_o 〈◊〉_d a_o target_n they_o be_v those_o telamonius_n ochane_n or_o ochanon_n and_o porpax_v telamonius_n in_o this_o sense_n for_o it_o signify_v otherwise_o a_o band_n be_v by_o all_o confess_v to_o be_v the_o broad_a strappe_v which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n &_o hold_v the_o target_n be_v cast_v about_o the_o neck_n unto_o the_o back_n of_o ochane_n &_o porpax_n be_v some_o variance_n ochano_n suidas_n say_v that_o ochanon_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o hold_n of_o the_o target_n ochaâ—o_o hesychius_n call_v it_o the_o porpax_n of_o the_o target_n &_o the_o band_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o porpax_n 〈◊〉_d hesychius_n say_v it_o be_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n &_o take_v porpe_n iâ—_n the_o same_o sense_n make_v it_o the_o thing_n bear_v up_o the_o targett_v into_o which_o the_o hand_n and_o arm_n to_o the_o elbow_n be_v thrust_v porpax_n suidas_n say_v porpax_n be_v it_o that_o they_o hold_v the_o target_n by_o which_o be_v call_v ochane_n &_o again_o that_o some_o take_v it_o for_o the_o band_n of_o the_o target_n other_o some_o for_o the_o middel_n iron_n that_o go_v through_o the_o target_n on_o which_o the_o soldier_n take_v hold_v so_o that_o both_o hesychius_n &_o suidas_n agree_v that_o ochanon_n &_o porpax_n be_v sometime_o alone_o and_o signify_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n in_o which_o sense_n 34_o herodotus_n &_o â—40_n pausanias_n take_v ochanon_n also_o hesychius_n further_o interprete_v it_o for_o the_o band_n of_o the_o target_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signification_n better_a agree_v with_o the_o meaning_n of_o plutarch_n who_o make_v a_o apparent_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o report_v that_o cleomenes_n teach_v the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o carry_v their_o target_n by_o the_o ochane_n not_o by_o the_o porpax_n when_o he_o say_v by_o the_o ochane_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o strappe_v by_o which_o be_v fasten_v about_o the_o neck_n the_o target_n be_v throw_v over_o to_o the_o back_n &_o rest_v upon_o the_o left_a shoulder_n that_o which_o i_o say_v will_v better_o appear_v if_o we_o mark_v what_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v before_o &_o what_o cleomenes_n advise_v they_o unto_o before_o they_o carry_v a_o spear_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o target_n by_o the_o handle_n in_o the_o left_a so_o that_o both_o their_o hand_n be_v full_a the_o spear_n be_v not_o able_a to_o match_v the_o enemy_n pike_n for_o cleomeâ—_n cleomenes_n have_v often_o to_o do_v with_o the_o macedonian_n &_o achaean_n who_o both_o use_a pike_n &_o pike_n the_o lacedaemonian_n can_v not_o wield_v with_o one_o hand_n so_o then_o to_o give_v they_o liberty_n of_o both_o hand_n he_o counsel_v they_o to_o carry_v their_o target_n at_o their_o back_n by_o the_o strappe_v
or_o ochane_n which_o be_v the_o macedonian_a manner_n and_o not_o to_o hold_v they_o any_o more_o by_o the_o porpax_n or_o handle_v and_o so_o to_o free_v their_o left_a hand_n to_o apply_v both_o to_o the_o menage_n of_o a_o pike_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o direct_a meaning_n of_o plutarch_n cleomenes_n then_o persuade_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o spear_n &_o take_v pike_n and_o leave_v the_o target_n in_o the_o left_a hand_n may_v prove_v a_o impediment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o pike_n he_o think_v best_o they_o shall_v carry_v they_o at_o their_o back_n by_o the_o ochane_n to_o carry_v they_o then_o by_o the_o strappe_v at_o the_o back_n be_v to_o give_v free_a use_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n without_o which_o a_o pike_n special_o a_o long_a pike_n such_o as_o cleomenes_n advise_v they_o unto_o can_v be_v wield_v as_o experience_n will_v teach_v any_o man_n that_o list_v to_o make_v trial_n 4_o and_o long_a pike_n pike_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v be_v call_v by_o two_o name_n by_o the_o grecian_n doru_n and_o sarissa_n aelian_n name_v they_o dorata_fw-la both_o here_o and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o this_o book_n c_o xenophon_n speak_v of_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o chalybes_n say_v they_o have_v dorata_fw-la of_o 15._o cubit_n long_o arm_v with_o iron_n at_o one_o end_n only_o tet_z be_v doru_n take_v for_o a_o spear_n oftentimes_o as_o in_o that_o place_n of_o plutarch_n 〈◊〉_d last_o recite_v where_o cleomenes_n persuade_v the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o change_v their_o dorata_fw-la spear_n into_o sarissas_n pike_n the_o like_a recount_v he_o of_o philo._n philopoemen_n who_o change_v the_o spear_n of_o the_o achaean_n into_o pike_n call_v the_o spear_n dorata_fw-la the_o pike_n sarissas_n and_o even_o in_o this_o place_n aelian_n term_v they_o not_o dorata_fw-la simple_o but_o with_o addition_n of_o perimekestera_fw-la of_o a_o longsise_n and_o after_o describe_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o peltaste_v he_o say_v their_o spear_n dorata_fw-la be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o pike_n sarissae_n of_o the_o arm_a proper_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o macedonian_a be_v term_v sarissa_n if_o sometime_o doru_n some_o other_o word_n be_v add_v to_o avoid_v the_o ordinary_a signification_n of_o doru_n as_o doru_n macron_n cyâ—_n in_o xenophon_n doru_n perimeke_v in_o aelian_n yet_o deny_v i_o not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v call_v doru_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o doru_n signify_v wood_n of_o any_o kind_n and_o by_o consequent_a the_o wood_n a_o pike_n be_v make_v of_o but_o as_o i_o say_v the_o macedonian_a pike_n be_v proper_o call_v sarissa_n what_o the_o length_n of_o this_o pike_n be_v aelian_n will_v show_v in_o the_o 14._o chapter_n and_o for_o the_o wood_n it_o be_v make_v of_o i_o take_v it_o to_o have_v be_v corneil_n for_o i_o find_v that_o the_o macedonian_a horsemans_n staff_n be_v of_o that_o wood_n â—_o arrian_n confirm_v it_o say_v and_o now_o the_o macedonian_n have_v the_o better_a both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o 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which_o respect_n a_o place_n fit_a have_v always_o be_v seek_v for_o their_o service_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o access_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o of_o the_o enemy_n arm_v which_o place_n be_v either_o behind_o the_o phalange_n as_o aelian_n here_o will_v have_v it_o or_o else_o in_o the_o wing_n betwixt_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o arm_a or_o if_o they_o skirmish_v loose_a before_o the_o front_n and_o chance_v to_o be_v press_v with_o the_o enemy_n they_o retire_v into_o the_o interuall_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o phalange_n in_o safety_n 105._o leo_n say_v if_o there_o be_v any_o place_n of_o strength_n it_o will_v much_o help_v the_o lightarmed_n for_o after_o their_o fly_a weapon_n spend_v retire_v thither_o they_o will_v be_v in_o more_o security_n as_o a_o steep_a rocky_a place_n or_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n or_o a_o high_a hill_n or_o such_o other_o our_o story_n report_v that_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n in_o france_n 200_o english_a archer_n be_v bestow_v in_o a_o meadow_n fence_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n from_o whence_o they_o so_o gaul_v the_o french_a horse_n and_o foot_n that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o the_o victory_n the_o like_a happen_v before_o at_o poitiers_n where_o that_o brave_a prince_n of_o wales_n elder_a son_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o have_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o france_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o their_o king_n give_v safeguard_n to_o his_o archer_n with_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n and_o other_o strength_n so_o that_o the_o frenchhorse_n have_v no_o access_n to_o disorder_v they_o be_v overwhelm_v with_o the_o tempest_n and_o storm_n of_o their_o arrow_n and_o such_o a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o our_o nation_n as_o may_v maâ—ch_v the_o most_o renown_a of_o all_o antiquity_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o invention_n which_o henry_n the_o five_o use_v against_o the_o horse_n of_o france_n for_o secure_v his_o archer_n the_o story_n say_v he_o devise_v stake_n of_o two_o yard_n long_o and_o arm_v both_o end_n with_o pike_n of_o iron_n the_o one_o to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o to_o gall_n and_o enter_v the_o horse_n belly_n in_o case_n they_o come_v to_o charge_v our_o archer_n home_o by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o carry_v the_o famous_a victory_n of_o agincourt_n this_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o the_o light_n arm_v when_o they_o come_v to_o fight_v without_o which_o assurance_n their_o service_n will_v be_v weak_a and_o scarce_o worth_a the_o have_v their_o service_n then_o according_a to_o aelian_n have_v many_o particular_n and_o they_o be_v good_a to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o a_o wood_n a_o fenâ—e_n a_o hill_n a_o fort_n a_o town_n or_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n that_o admit_v no_o access_n the_o manner_n have_v be_v to_o send_v out_o the_o light_a army_n to_o show_v themselves_o and_o with_o a_o bravado_n to_o toll_v he_o out_o of_o his_o advantage_n and_o bring_v he_o into_o the_o field_n where_o he_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v deal_v withal_o example_n be_v plentiful_a but_o i_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o macedonian_a example_n lib._n alexander_n lead_v his_o army_n against_o the_o triball_n that_o have_v hide_v themselves_o in_o a_o wood_n command_v his_o archer_n and_o slinger_n to_o run_v out_o and_o to_o shoot_v and_o sling_v among_o the_o barbarian_n to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v toll_v they_o into_o the_o plain_a the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n spare_v not_o to_o let_v fly_v and_o the_o triball_n be_v wound_v with_o arrow_n throw_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a archer_n alexander_n present_o command_v philotas_n with_o the_o horse_n of_o upper_a macedonia_n to_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n on_o which_o part_n they_o cast_v out_o themselves_o farthest_o and_o heraclide_n and_o sopolis_n with_o the_o horse_n of_o bottiâ—a_n and_o amphipolis_n the_o left_a himself_o stretch_v out_o in_o length_n the_o phalange_n of_o foot_n &_o set_v the_o rest_n of_o horse_n before_o the_o phalange_n lead_v against_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o skirmish_n the_o triball_n have_v not_o the_o worst_a but_o after_o the_o phalange_n close_o ser_v come_v up_o roundly_o to_o they_o and_o the_o horseman_n charge_v they_o no_o long_o with_o dart_n but_o press_v and_o overbear_v they_o with_o their_o horse_n they_o flee_v through_o the_o wood_n to_o the_o river_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n â—04_n leo_n agree_v if_o say_v he_o we_o have_v lightarmed_n enough_o let_v they_o before_o the_o army_n join_v send_v their_o dart_n and_o arrow_n at_o the_o enemy_n and_o b._n after_o the_o fight_n of_o the_o arm_a be_v begin_v ply_v the_o flank_n with_o their_o missive_a weapon_n that_o at_o ouce_fw-fr both_o their_o flank_n may_v be_v assault_v it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v now_o the_o ordinary_a course_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n with_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o because_o we_o shall_v read_v of_o no_o battle_n almost_o wherein_o it_o be_v not_o so_o i_o will_v forbear_v example_n to_o wound_v a_o farreof_o the_o light_n serve_v to_o great_a purpose_n if_o the_o general_n desire_v not_o to_o come_v near_o to_o fight_v but_o seek_v to_o annoy_v his_o enemy_n a_o far_o of_o without_o danger_n of_o his_o own_o folk_n b._n livy_n tell_v of_o cn._n manlius_n volso_o that_o be_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o gallo_n grecian_n that_o flee_v into_o the_o mountain_n and_o await_v the_o roman_n there_o and_o seek_v to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n he_o prepare_v great_a plenty_n of_o dart_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o small_a stone_n for_o slinge_n and_o leave_v his_o legionariâ—_n soulâ—iers_n behind_o lead_v his_o light_n arm_v against_o the_o enemy_n that_o possess_v certain_a straits_n by_o which_o his_o army_n must_v pass_v after_o some_o fight_n the_o gallo-graecians_a being_n not_o sufficient_o arm_v to_o defend_v their_o body_n from_o the_o missive_a weapon_n the_o lightarmed_n of_o the_o roman_n force_v the_o passage_n and_o follow_v they_o even_o to_o the_o camp_n where_o their_o companion_n come_v to_o their_o aid_n they_o first_o drive_v they_o into_o their_o camp_n and_o after_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n come_v up_o they_o win_v it_o i_o have_v before_o rehearse_v the_o history_n of_o iphicrates_n who_o with_o his_o targetire_v that_o come_v seldom_o to_o hand_n blow_v but_o ply_v the_o enemy_n with_o darâ—s_n a_o far_o of_o overthrow_v and_o slay_v a_o whole_a moira_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o acarnans_n likewise_o with_o this_o kind_n of_o fight_n much_o encumber_v agesilaus_n that_o make_v a_o excursion_n into_o their_o country_n the_o story_n be_v this_o a_o agesilaus_n have_v take_v a_o great_a prey_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o acarnan_n d._n rest_v that_o day_n where_o he_o have_v take_v it_o be_v busy_a in_o sell_v of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n many_o acarnan_a targeteer_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o where_o agesilaus_n be_v encamp_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o mountain_n and_o with_o dart_v and_o sle_v they_o force_v his_o camp_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o plain_a themselves_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v free_a from_o hurt_n the_o next_o day_n agesilaus_n lead_v away_o his_o army_n the_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o place_n be_v straight_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mountain_n lie_v about_o in_o a_o circle_n which_o the_o acarnans_n possess_v ply_v the_o lacedaemonian_n with_o dart_n and_o stone_n from_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o sometime_o descend_v to_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o hill_n they_o press_v the_o army_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o move_v forward_o and_o when_o the_o arm_a foot_n or_o horse_n fall_v out_o upon_o they_o they_o profit_v little_a for_o the_o acarnans_n retire_v immediate_o to_o their_o strength_n agesilaus_n perceive_v it_o will_v be_v hard_a for_o his_o army_n to_o wind_v out_o of_o those_o straits_n so_o long_o as_o the_o enemy_n so_o hang_v upon_o they_o resolve_v to_o charge_v those_o on_o his_o left_a hand_n for_o the_o ascent_n on_o that_o side_n be_v more_o easy_a both_o for_o his_o horse_n and_o arm_a foot_n command_v therefore_o his_o man_n to_o charge_n the_o arm_v of_o 29_o year_n of_o age_n first_o fall_v on_o and_o the_o horse_n after_o they_o upon_o the_o spur_n himself_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n the_o acarnans_n therefore_o that_o be_v descend_v and_o busy_a a_o dart_a be_v quick_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o many_o slay_v in_o seek_v to_o remount_v the_o hill_n but_o their_o arm_a foot_n and_o most_o of_o their_o targeteer_n stand_v imbattail_v on_o the_o top_n and_o from_o thence_o both_o throw_v other_o missive_n and_o lance_v javeline_n wherewith_o they_o wound_v horseman_n and_o kill_v
pag._n 93._o whether_o there_o be_v captain_n of_o the_o century_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n the_o body_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o lightarmed_n compare_v pag._n ibid._n chap._n xvii_o the_o use_n of_o light_n arm_v pag._n 95._o lightarmed_n join_v with_o the_o arm_a pag._n ibid._n the_o lightarmed_n good_a to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n pag._n 96._o to_o wound_v a_o far_o of_o pag._n ibid._n to_o disarray_v pag._n 97._o to_o repulse_v horse_n pag._n 98._o to_o beat_v in_o the_o enemy_n lightarmed_n pag._n ibid._n to_o discover_v suspect_v place_n pag._n ibid._n for_o far_o and_o speedy_a attempt_n pag._n 99_o chap._n xviii_o the_o form_n of_o horse-battaile_n pag._n ibid._n the_o service_n of_o horse_n pag._n 100_o the_o thessalian_a horseman_n pag._n 101._o the_o fable_n of_o centaur_n pag._n ibid._n the_o rhombe_n pag._n 102._o whether_o the_o rhombe_n or_o square_n be_v better_a in_o horse_n pag._n ibid._n the_o wedge_n pag._n 104._o whether_o the_o rhombe_n or_o wedge_n be_v better_a pag._n ibid._n diverse_a kind_n of_o square_n pag._n 105._o the_o square_a in_o figure_n pag._n ibid._n the_o depth_n in_o the_o square_n pag._n 106._o the_o square_a in_o number_n pag._n 107._o chap._n xix_o diverse_a form_n of_o rhombe_n pag._n ibid._n a_o rhombe_n file_v and_o rank_v pag._n 108._o a_o rhombe_n neither_o fill_n nor_o rank_v pag._n 109._o a_o rhombe_n file_v not_o rank_v pag._n 110._o a_o rhombe_n rank_v not_o file_v pag._n ibid._n chap._n xx._n the_o horse-troupe_n of_o the_o macedonian_n pag._n 111._o the_o number_n and_o manner_n of_o frame_v it_o pag._n ibid._n the_o place_n of_o the_o cornett_n pag._n ibid._n the_o distance_n betwixt_o horse_n and_o horse_n pag._n 112._o the_o distance_n betwixt_o troupe_n and_o troupe_n pag._n 113._o chap._n xxv_o turn_v of_o soldier_n face_n pag._n 117._o the_o end_n of_o this_o motion_n pag._n 118._o two_o turn_n or_o metabole_n pag._n 119._o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n pag._n ibid._n turn_v to_o the_o enemy_n or_o from_o the_o enemy_n pag._n ibid._n the_o word_n of_o direction_n in_o this_o motion_n pag._n 120._o chap._n xxvi_o wheel_v the_o battle_n pag._n 120._o how_o it_o be_v do_v pag._n 121._o a_o treble_a wheel_a pag._n ibid._n the_o end_n of_o this_o motion_n pag._n ibid._n example_n of_o double_a wheel_a pag._n 122._o chap._n xxvii_o to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n pag._n 123._o what_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v pag._n ibid._n chap._n xxviii_o countermarche_n pag._n 125._o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n pag._n 127._o the_o lacedaemonian_a pag._n ibid._n the_o choraean_a pag._n 129._o countermarche_n by_o rank_n pag._n 132._o the_o word_n of_o direction_n pag._n ibid._n chap._n xxix_o double_v pag._n 133._o the_o length_n double_v in_o number_n pag._n 134._o the_o use_n of_o it_o pag._n 135._o the_o danger_n of_o it_o the_o enemy_n be_v nigh_o pag._n 136._o the_o depth_n double_v pag._n ibid._n the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o this_o motion_n pag._n 137._o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la veget._n prolog_n lib._n 3._o 3._o xenoph._n cyropâ—d_n lib._n 29._o b._n b._n xenophon_n cyrop_n lib_n 8_o c._n 227._o 227._o plâ—t_fw-la in_o philopaement_n â—_o infra_fw-la cap._n 3._o 3._o leo._n cap._n 1._o 1._o dio_fw-mi &_o â—pat_fw-la tionem_fw-la in_o vitâ—adriani_n vitâ—adriani_n veget_fw-la lib._n 2._o 〈◊〉_d â—_o â—_o tacit._n in_o vita_fw-la agâ—colae_fw-la agâ—colae_fw-la dio_fw-mi in_fw-la vita_fw-la neâ—vae_fw-la neâ—vae_fw-la spartian_a in_o vita_fw-la adriani_n adriani_n vegetius_n lib._n â—_o cap_fw-es â—_o â—_o polyb._n lib._n 10._o pag_n 615._o â—_o â—_o plutarch_n in_o pyrrho_n pyrrho_n cicero_n epist_n 〈◊〉_d lib._n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 1â—_n 1â—_n epistel_n ad_fw-la qfâ—at_fw-la lib._n 1._o epi._n 1._o 1._o tuscul._n questi_fw-la lib._n 2._o 146._o 146._o liw_n decad_a 4._o lib._n 5_o 87._o â—_o â—_o plut._n in_o pyrrho_n pyrrho_n plutarch_n in_o pyrrho_n pyrrho_n plutarch_n in_o pyrrho_n pyrrho_n just_a lib_n 18_o 655._o a._n a._n lib._n 25_o 667._o d_o d_o plut._n in_o pyrrho_n pyrrho_n justin._n lib._n 2d_o 668._o c._n athenaeus_n dipnoseph_n lib._n 3._o 73._o b._n b._n plutarch_n in_o philopaement_n philopaement_n ibid._n ibid._n emilius_n probus_n â—n_fw-la vita_fw-la iphicratis_fw-la xenoph._n histor_n graec_fw-la lib._n 6._o 587._o b._n c_o diod_n sicul_fw-la lib._n 15_o 479._o polyaen_fw-la lib_n â—_o in_o iphicrate_n justin._n lib_n 6._o 631._o b._n c._n c._n adrian_n lib_n 2._o 42_o c._n c._n tuscul._n question_n lib._n 2._o 146._o 146._o plin._n natural_a hist._n lib_n 7_o cap_z â—0_n pag_n 115_o 115_o cicero_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la dear_a lib_n 2_o â—7_n â—7_n plutarch_n in_o agesilao_n agesilao_n plin._n natural_a histor_n lib._n 7._o â—56_n â—56_n 〈◊〉_d paral_n â—_o pag._n 57_o 57_o plut._n in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plutarch_n in_o agesilao_n agesilao_n drachma_n have_v iâ—_n it_o 6_o obol_n that_o be_v about_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sterling_a jul_n poll._n x._o lib._n â—_o cap._n â—_o 43â—_n 43â—_n vegetius_n lib._n â—_o cap._n 20._o a_o cataphract_n be_v the_o just_a and_o full_a armour_n of_o the_o fonte_fw-la hereafter_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o that_o armour_n be_v be_v stewechius_fw-la in_o vegetâ—um_fw-la pag._n 5â—_n 5â—_n notitia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &c_n &c_n occident_n in_o fine_a â—_o samuel_n cap._n 17_o vers_fw-la â—_o â—_o homer_n iliad_n 6_o 6_o pausan._n in_o laconâ—cis_fw-la 16â—_n 16â—_n athen_a dâ—pnoseph_n lib_n 14._o 627_o a_o a_o pausan._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d livy_n lib_n 1_o 27_o c_o c_o xeno_n in_o reâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 685_o e_z e_z homer_n â—_o iliad_n iliad_n 〈◊〉_d prob._n in_o iphicrate_n iphicrate_n xenoph._n cyâ—o_n lib_n 6_o 169._o 3_o 3_o plutarch_n in_o alexandro_n alexandro_n patrie_fw-fr paral._n paral._n plutarch_n in_o demeâ—io_n demeâ—io_n iust._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—_o dial_n 6_o ad_fw-la poly_n poly_n plin._n naâ—al_a lib._n 8._o caq._fw-la 48._o 48._o cesar_n de_fw-fr bell_n civiâ—_n lib._n 3_o 3_o xenoph._n de_fw-fr ex_fw-la bed_n cyr._n l._n 4._o 3â—8_n b_o these_o wing_n come_v down_o from_o their_o shoulder_n towards_o their_o elâ—_n bow_n bow_n cesar_n de_fw-fr belle_fw-fr civil_a lib._n â—_o â—_o xenop_n de_fw-fr exp_n cyri._n l._n 4_o 340_o a_o a_o 1_o sam._n c._n 17._o v._n 38_o 38_o cap._n 9_o five_o 2_o 2_o xenoph_n hist._n brec_fw-la li._n 6_o 596_o d_o d_o cicerâ—_n tuscul_n quest_n lib_n 2_o 2_o 〈◊〉_d cap._n 12_o 12_o aemil_n prob_fw-la in_o iphicra_fw-la &_o diod._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 15_o 480_o 480_o xenoph._n hist._n 〈◊〉_d l_o 〈◊〉_d 52â—_n d_o d_o 〈◊〉_d in_o philopolyâ—_n l._n 6_o in_o phi_n loâ—m_o §_o â—_o pavian_a in_o aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polyb_a li_n 2._o 118_o c_o &_o 120_o c_o &_o lib_n â—_o 26â—_n e_z &_o lib._n â—_o 〈◊〉_d â—_o c._n c._n suidas_n in_o macâ—_n macâ—_n xenoph._n cyr._n lib_n 6_o copides_n be_v sword_n a_o little_a bend_n at_o the_o point_n like_o fish_n curt._n l._n â—â—_o 375_o 375_o polyb_a lib_n 17_o pag_n 763_o c_o c_o plutarch_n in_o lu._n cuâ—o_fw-it cuâ—o_fw-it plut_z in_o alex._n alex._n xenoph._n cyrop_v lib_n 1_o 8_o c_o c_o xenoph_n cyrop_v lib_n â—_o 1â—9_n b_o b_o xenop_n cyrop_v lib_n 7_o 172_o b_o b_o curtius_n lib_n â—_o silver-targetier_n silver-targetier_n plutarch_n in_o caesare_n caesare_n plinius_n histornat_a lib_n 7_o cap_n 28_o polyb_a lib_n â—_o 4_o 〈◊〉_d b_o c_o c_o herod_n li._n 1._o 34_o 34_o polyen_n li._n 7_o in_o psammench_n §_o 1._o 1._o plu_fw-fr in_fw-la philop._n polyâ—_n li._n 11._o â—29_n â—_o â—_o plutarch_n in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plutarch_n in_o pelonida_n polyen_n l._n 3_o in_o iphier_n §_o 22_o leo_fw-la ca._n 20_o §._o 19â—_n 19â—_n thucyd._n lib._n 4._o 3._o 5._o b._n c._n c._n arrian_n li._n â—_o 3â—_n â—_o â—_o arrian_n li._n 1._o 1â—_n e._n e._n plutarch_n in_o pyrrâ—o_n pyrrâ—o_n polyb_a li._n 4_o â—_o 3â—â—_n 3â—â—_n appion_n in_o syriac_n 107._o d._n d._n aemilius_z probus_n in_o vita_fw-la iphicrat_fw-mi iphicrat_fw-mi xenoph_n cyr._n lib_n 7_o 1st_a 1st_a 〈◊〉_d in_o pho_n cicis_fw-la 648_o 648_o pausan_n in_o pho_n cic_fw-la 660_o gyaâ—othorax_n gyaâ—othorax_n polyen_v li_z 4_o in_o philipp_n §_o 10_o 10_o ad_fw-la ephes._n cap_n 6_o five_o 14_o 14_o diod_n sicul._n lib_n 17_o 619_o &_o 615_o 615_o leo_fw-la cap_n 6_o §_o 25_o &_o 35_o 37_o 37_o plut._n in_o timol._n timol._n veget._n â—_o 1_o ca._n 20_o 20_o xenoph._n cyr._n 167_o c_o c_o veget._n li._n 1_o cap_n 20_o 20_o diod_n sicul._n lib_n 18_o 18_o livy_n lib_n 9_o 243_o c_o c_o livy_n lib_n 1._o 27_o c_o c_o cap._n 12_o 12_o polyen_n li._n 6_o in_o philopoe_n §._o â—_o &_o pâ—ut_o in_o philopoe_n philopoe_n pausan._n in_o ar._n cad_z 4â—4_n 4â—4_n pausan._n in_o corinthiacis_n 1â—1_n &_o pliâ—nat_a hiâ—_n l._n â—_o cap._n 56_o 56_o cap._n 12_o 12_o polyb._n l_o 2_o 〈◊〉_d b_o &_o lib._n 4_o 331_o â—_o &_o 332_o c_o c_o pluâ—_n in_o aemiliâ—_n aemiliâ—_n polyb._n l._n 2._o 150_o b_o &_o 332_o d_o lib._n 4_o 4_o xenop_n de_fw-fr rep_n lace_a 68_o â—_o â—_o pausan_n in_o boeoticiâ—_n 56â—_n