euery digree in the Zodiake Respecting th' Eleuation of the Pole Arctike aâ—… Norwich 52. Digrees 0. minutes the Sonnes Declination 23. Digrees 28. minutes  Capricornus Aquarius Prâ—…ces Aries Taurus Gemini  Digr Digr Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig â–ª 0 14 22 17 â—…4 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 â—…6 30 1 14 23 17 26 25 57 38 16 50 26 58 37 29 2 14 23 17 38 26 19 38 42 50 47 58 48 28 3 14 24 17 50 26 42 39 8 51 8 58 58 27 4 14 25 18 3 27 4 39 34 51 28 59 8 26 5 â—…4 27 18 16 27 27 40 0 51 48 59 18 25 6 14 29 18 29 27 50 40 25 52 8 59 27 24 7 14 32 18 43 28 â—…3 40 51 52 28 59 â—…6 23 8 14 35 18 57 28 36 41 17 52 47 59 45 22 9 14 38 19 12 29 0 41 43 53 6 59 53 21 10 14 42 19 27 29 24 42 8 53 25 60 1 20 11 14 46 19 42 29 48 42 34 53 43 60 9 19 12 14 50 19 58 30 12 42 59 54 1 60 16 18 13 14 55 20 14 30 36 43 24 54 19 60 22 17 14 15 0 20 30 31 1 43 49 54 36 60 29 16 15 15 6 20 47 31 26 44 14 54 53 60 34 15 16 15 11 21 3 32 0 44 39 55 10 60 40 14 17 15 18 21 21 32 16 45 4 55 26 60 45 13 18 15 24 21 48 32 41 45 28 55 42 60 50 12 19 15 31 21 56 33 6 45 52 55 58 60 54 11 20 15 39 22 15 33 32 46 16 56 13 60 58 10 21 15 47 22 34 33 57 46 40 56 28 61 2 9 22 15 55 22 52 34 23 47 4 56 43 61 5 8 23 16 4 23 12 34 49 47 27 56 57 61 8 7 24 16 13 23 31 35 â—…5 47 50 57 11 61 11 6 25 16 22 23 51 35 40 48 13 57 24 61 13 5 26 16 32 24 12 36 6 48 36 57 37 61 14 4 27 16 42 24 32 36 32 48 58 57 50 61 16 3 28 16 52 24 53 36 58 49 2â—… â—…8 2 61 17 2 29 17 3 25 14 37 â—…4 49 43 58 14 61 17 1 30 17 14 25 36 37 50 50 4 58 26 61 â—…8 0 Digr Digr Min. Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig. Min Dig  Sagittarius Scorpius Libra Virgo Leo. Cancer  I omit as not requisite in this businesse then first I found in the hier part of the table Capricornus therfore I descending downward in the second columne against the. 20. degre of Capricorne founde 15. degrees 39. minuts the altitude of the sonne for the mids of that day In like maner the same yere the. 6. day of Septembre the sonne had his course in the. 24. degre of the virgine and because I finde Virgo in the lower parte of the Table ascendinge in the last colunme vpward find the 24. degre and against it in the columne of Uirgo 40. degrees 25. minutes the Meridian altitude of the soÌ„ne answering that degree in like sort do with any degre of th' other â—…gnes whan as occasion is ministred Spou. This now shall I alway kepe surely in memorye and because you haue heare apte place to geue me some precepte for th' eleuation of the Pole Arcticke I desire you herein to show me some instructions Phi. I will so do and the rather for that wythoute it you can little preuaile in this Arte and with knowinge it and the longitudes of regions you shall meruelouslye profit Spou. I praye you then begin firste with the finding out of the latitude of any place Philo. Whan as the sonne is in either Aequinoctiall poyntes by the helpe of your none steade shadowe you shal find when he is in the meridian line then with your instrument take his altitude whiche you shall subtracte from 90. degrees and the remanent shall be the iust eleuation of the Pole as for example At Norwich 1557 the 10. of march I found the meridiane altitude of the soÌ„ne by my Astrolabe 37. degrees and 50. minutes which I did subtract from 90. degrees and there remained 52. degrees 10. minuts the true height of the Pole and latitude of Norwich Spou. And do you not marke his declination at that time Phi. I cannot marke that whiche is not For in these poynts he hath no declination and that you might se in the table seruing that vse which is in the first boke But although this way is very perfect yet carieth it this discommoditie with him that you can but twise yearely take th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole And therfore I will showe you also how to find it whan he is in the Tropick poynts Spoud That is in the beginning of Cancer and Capricorn Phi. It is so you shall finde oute as afore wyth your instrument the sonnes height at middaye whan as he is in the first degree of Cancer Spou. That time can I finde oute by the helpe of an Ephemerides Phi. From this height you shall take away as your table sheweth 23. degrees 28. minuts this numbre you shall subtract froÌ„ 90. degrees the remanant shal be th'exacte Eleuation of your pole as for example I find the height of the soÌ„ne at midday in the beginning of Cancer 61. degrees 18. minutes from which I take 23. degrees 28. minutes and there shall remayne 37. degrees 50. minutes this nomber I take from 90. degrees being an hole quadrant there remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes th' eleuation of the pole Spoud I will proue by your licence and I can do in like case whan as he is in Capricorn Phil. Do you so Spou. I imagine his none steade heighte to be 14. degrees 22. minutes for because he is farre from our Zenit from which I cannot substract the greatest declination of the sonne answering the first degre of Capricorn in the table of declination Phi. Nor you shall not make anye subtraction For like as whan he declineth North from th'equinoctiall which is from the beginning of Aries vnto th' end of Virgo you shall subtracte his declinatioÌ„ from his altitude so in like maner hauing his declination South which is from the beginninge of Lybra vnto th' end of Pisces you muste adde his declination to the meridian altitude and subtract theÌ„ bothe from 90. degrees Spo. Then I wil end my example I do adde 23. degrees 28. min. vnto 14. degrees 22. min. the nonestede height which make 37. degrees 50. mi. I take this froÌ„ 90. degrees as you commaunded and ther remaineth 52. degrees 10. minutes as afore Phil. You haue truely wrought Spou. But is it not possible to finde th'eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole euery day for in traueling it shuld pleasure me Phil. It is possible to find it not only euery day but al so euery hour but I will reserue that vntill an other season
vs sooner by one houre a halfe then with them and is daye with them after the Sonne is set with vs in like sort one houre xxx minutes Philo. And all this cometh because th' Earth is round causing vs them not to haue one generall Horizont The like reason is to be said of the diuersities of times in the beginning of an Eclipse either of Sonne or Mone As for exāple th' Eclipse of the Mone which was 1556. the 17. day of Nouēber at one of the clocke in the morning with vs at Norwiche for the moste parte of Englande which in the Horizont of Calicut began at vij of the clock In like sort ther shall happē an Eclipse of the Mone in the yeare of Christ our sauior 1562. the 16. daye of Iuly at two of the clocke iiij minutes in the morning at which time she shal be totallie darkened continew from the beginning to th' ende iij. houres and yet th'inhabitauntes at Calicut shall not see anye parte therof whiche moste euidently sheweth the roundnes of th' Earth to be the cause as this Figure here folowing do more plainely set out in which E. signifieth th' Earth A. the East C. the West D. the verticall pointe for Norwich B. in like maner the Zenit of Calicut Wherby it is manifest that the Mone shal be perfitly seperated from the Sonne or she shall appeare in the Horizōt of Calicut And yet we in England diuers other places East shall se bothe beginning ende of her Eclypsing Spoud These are sufficiēt probatiōs to declare th' Earth roūd frō th' East to the West but by what argument can you shewe it to be also rounde from the South to the North Philo. That is very easie to proue For if th' Earth were flat from the South to the North then we should se the south Sterres vnder th' Earth as well as those that be North alway in our sight And againe the Sonne Mone Sterres at midde day through the vniuersal yere should be euer in one height which also is false Spoud Yea for I haue had practise of that thinge saylinge in à shippe for we goynge from th'Equinoctiall Line northwarde did see the North south Poles equall with the Water But directing our course more to the north coast leauing th'Equinoctial we reared the north starre in short space xij degr at lēgth 30. deg loking south we could not se the southe Pole nor yet many other sterres which in th'Equinoctial were visible to vs. Phi. Yea wher your north starre was eleuated xxx degrees your south Pole was xxx degrees depressed in like maner But for the firmer fixynge it in your memory behould this Figure in the which C. signifieth both th' Earth and water A. the north Pole B. the south therefore if one go from B. to A the earth being roūd he must haue B. so muche vnder him as A is aboue his Horizōt There are besides these many sūdry reasons to proue this thing which I may omit as I suppose to you which nede no lenger probatiō in that whiche is most manifest Spo. Yet theis argumēts shall not onely stay my mind in à trueth but also with the same I shal cō fute th'errors of other if any shal spring about this matter Phil. Then I wyll exhort you wher these shall not seme sufficient you will gather more stronger out of Ptolomaeus Almegiste Cleomedes de mundo Philo de mundo Aristotle Erasmus Reignholt Orontius Hic canet errantē Lunam Solisque labores Arcturūque pluuiasque hyad gēinosque triōes Iohn de Sacrobosco oure countreyman master Recorde which doeth almost repete all their argumentes in the Castell of knowledge And nowe behold the Type of the world conteinyng in it as well the heauenly Regiō with suche Spheres Circles as haue bene in sundry partes before set forth in this treatise as also th'Elementarie region comprehendyng the Fier Aëre Water Earth in suche order forme as is cōsonant agreyng both with Reason Practise and Authoritie of most approued authors And for this time we will depart for beholde the Sonne is gone to rest Hesperus do shewe in the West verie brighte all other liuynge thinges also do apply them to take rest therfore let vs go downe this Hill into the Citie refreshyng our selues quickening memorie to morow I wil mete you in this same place agayne Spoud I thanke you hertly Philoni Let me here you can repete the summe of such thinges as we haue taken in hande this day as we walke downeward Spoud With à right good wyll 1 Firste you shewed me what Cosmographie was what Geographie and what Chorographie yea and wherein euery of them differeth from other 2 Next what the world was with his partes that is to saye the Heauenly Region Elementary with à briefe Discourse touchinge the Partes and order of the Heauenly Region 3 Thyrdly what a Sphere is howe it is deuided into a Right and Croked Sphere And howe it differeth from a Cirle 4 Forthly what a Center was what an Axe tree what a Diameter and of theyr difference 5 Fiftlye of the Principall Circles whiche are saide to be in this Sphere As the Horizont Meridian Aequinoctiall Zodiake two Colures the two Tropickes the Circles Arcticke and Antarctick Also that the Horizont and Meridian Circles be stable and without motiō with diuers other thinges herto belonging 6 Last you proceded to the second part of the world which is th' Elementarie Region In which you refuted sundry opinions touching the forme of th' Earth Philo. Nowe I perceiue bothe your apte nature in conceiuing such thinges as are spoken also your firme memory in reteining the same Wherefore you shall encourage me to geue you further instructions But for this time I must bid you fare well Spou. God preserue you graunt you life to accomplishe your desire in profiting your countrey as you do entende Amen THE SECONDE BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse in which is plainly expressed the Order and Number of Zones Paralleles and Climates Also sundry waies for th'exacte findyng out of the Meridiane Line The Longitude Latitude of places with many other preceptes belongyng to the making of a Carte or Mappe Spoudaeus MORPHEVS THE God of dreames with his slepie rodde so much this last night frequented my companie that my bodye taking rest my mind was much more busilie traueling in such conclusions as I had learnid of Philonicus thē it was in the time of his teaching For some time Morphêus shewed me the Sonne in the tropicke of Capricorne farre in the South among the cloudye skies as he comenly is the. 13. day of December And next he appered in th' Equinoctiall pointes as it is the tenth daye of March and the. 14. of Septēb willing me with great di ligēs to note that parallele circle Shortly after the sōne appeared in the tropicke of
â—…5 36 48 85 41 294 15 11 308 40 11 13 16 11 39 41 12 56 40 28 56 38 15 88 57 322 57 12 282 16 12 12 10 12 45 42 45 57 38 57 57 39 45 92 23 357 35 13 259 53 13 11 5 13 51 44 21 58 37 29 58 41 16 96 1 400 16 14 240 38 14 10 0 14 57 46 0 59 36 3 59 42 50 99 51 454 12 15 223 55 15 8 56 16 4 47 41 60 34 38 60 44 26 103 54 524 34 16 209 14 16 7 52 17 12 49 24 61 33 15 61 46 5 108 14 620 17 17 196 15 17 6 48 18 20 51 11 62 31 54 62 47 46 112 50 758 8 18 184 39 18 5 45 19 29 53 2 63 30 34 63 49 30 117 45 974 1 19 174 15 19 4 42 20 39 54 56 64 29 15 64 51 17 123 0 1360 36 20 164 50 20 3 38 21 50 56 53 65 27 58 65 53 8 128 39 2253 44 21 156 18 21 2 35 23 2 58 54 66 26 43 66 55 1 134 45 6547 56 22 148 30 22 1 32 24 14 61 0 67 25 28 67 56 59 141 21 Infinite 23 141 21 23 0 29 25 28 63 10 68 24 14 68 59 1 148 30 numbre 24 134 45 24 0 33 26 43 65 25 69 23 2 69 61 6 156 18  25 128 39 25 1 36 27 58 67 45 70 21 50 70 63 17 164 50  26 123 0 26 2 38 29 15 70 11 71 20 39 71 65 32 174 15  27 117 45 27 3 41 30 34 72 43 72 19 29 72 67 52 184 39  28 112 50 28 4 44 31 54 75 21 73 18 20 73 70 18 196 15  29 118 14 29 5 48 33 15 78 7 74 17 12 74 72 51 209 14  30 113 54 30 6 52 34 38 81 0 75 16 4 75 75 29 223 55  31 99 51 31 7 56 36 3 84 2 76 14 57 76 78 15 240 38  32 96 1 32 9 0 37 20 87 13 77 13 51 77 81 9 259 53  33 92 23 33 10 4 38 57 90 34 78 12 45 78 84 11 282 16  34 88 57 34 11 8 40 28 94 5 79 11 39 79 87 23 308 40  35 85 41 35 12 14 42 1 97 49 80 10 34 80 90 44 340 16  36 82 34 36 13 19 43 35 101 45 81 9 30 81 94 16 378 49  37 79 37 37 14 25 45 12 105 56 82 8 26 82 98 0 426 55  38 76 48 38 15 32 46 52 110 23 83 7 22 83 101 58 488 39  39 74 5 39 16 40 48 35 115 8 84 6 18 84 106 9 570 51  40 71 30 40 17 48 50 20 120 11 85 5 15 85 110 37 685 48  41 69 1 41 18 57 52 9 125 39 86 4 11 86 115 23 858 2  42 66 38 42 20 6 54 1 131 30 87 3 8 87 120 28 1144 52  43 64 28 43 21 16 55 57 137 49 88 2 5 88 125 56 1718 10  44 62 8 44 22 27 57 56 144 40 89 1 3 89 131 48 3437 24  45 60 0 45 23 39 60 0 152 7 90 0 0 0 138 9 Infinite  Ther may many coÌ„clusions by this table be wrought as you shal know or we depart but now let vs furder proced coÌ„cerninge our talke of zones in which you must coÌ„sider that these zones of which we haue intreated ar deuided into climates regions Spo. How doth à climatand à zone differ they both wer for this cause first inuented to make diuision of the face of th' earth into soÌ„dry parts Philo. I confesse no lesse but they differ in this poynt that à Zone doth in it coÌ„tain the fift portioÌ„ of th' earth and à climate but only so much of th' earth the loÌ„gest day in that place do differ from th' equinoctial xxx minutes or half an hour and are named vii in numbre of all th' auncient Geographers Spoud Then the first climate shal be in latitude xvi degrees xliiij minutes from th' equinoctiall and the loÌ„gest day shall excede xij houres whiche is the quantitie of the daye vnder th' equinoctiall one houre for so saithe Ptolomaeus Philon. It is true but heare you muste consider that Ptolomaeus deuideth euery climate in iiij equall portions nameth them Paralleles euery one of them coÌ„teining in latitude iiij degrees xviij min. incresing the quantity of the longest day xv minutes so that Ptolomaeus making the first climate xvi degrees xliiij min. in Latitude from th' equinoctiall meaneth the middes and not the beginning of the climate Spou. I praye you or we anye further proceade shewe me the signification of a Parallele Philo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke whiche we also do call à Parallele is à Circle equally distaunt from that which is drawne next him and are described by the course of the sonne and starres of which the greatest is th' equinoctial for that he is furdest froÌ„ the Poles so that the nerer the poles the lesse is the parallele and the number of them Ptolomaeus maketh xxj as in this figure in which I haue made xxj paralleles froÌ„ th' equinoctiall vnto both the poles Arctike Antarctike and now to our matter againe from whence we did digresse You shall consider that euerye Climate hathe à proper name for the suerer difference of one from an other taketh his name of some notable Citye Mountaine or Riuer ouer which the mids of that Climate is drawn As for example The middes of the firste Climate goeth ouer a notable Ilande of Nilus called Meroë of that we name it Dia Meroes that is the climat going ouer Meroë The seconde Climat is called Dia Syënes of a citye in Egipt called Syënes The middes of the thirde climate is drawen ouer Alexandria an other Citye also in Egipt therfore called Dialexandrias The fourth goth ouer th' Iland of the Rodes now in subiection to the great Turke and is named Diarhodou The fift climate Dia Romes going ouer Rome somtime the head of the world at this preset the sinck of sin The sixte Climate is named Dia Pontou because it goeth ouer the Pontike seas named Euxinus The seuenth is draweÌ„ by Boristhenes a Citye so called therefore named Diaboristheneos not by the Riâ—…hean Mountanes as the vnlerned sort suppose seing that they ar at the lest x. deg froÌ„ this climate distaunte Spou. And what was the cause that they described no places beyoÌ„d the. 7. climate seing that ther are many inhabitaÌ„ts as by your words do appeare wher you made mention of the habitable places in th' earth Philo. It was ether because they supposed those places scaÌ„t or with muche paines habitable for th' extreme cold or els that they knew not the parts North froÌ„ theÌ„ situated as now we do Spou. And do they not make mention of
subita percussa expalluit vmbra VVhan as the mone vnto the world her brother Titan bright In forme wold represent shining with face both full and round She sodenly was sore wounded and ther with left her light Titan causing th'earthes shadow her beauty to confound Spou. These verses are short very full of eloquēce Phil. Yea they are also easy to be vndarstand for she neuer resembleth the figure of the sonne whō Poëts call her brother but only whā she is at the ful at which time beinge in th' opposite place to him th'earthe as I saide shadoweth her from oure sightes But let that passe and beholde to serue thy vse in this behalf I haue calculated such Eclipses of the mone as shall happē frō the yeare of oure Lorde 1560. vntill the yere 1605 Applying the time of ther beginning in yeares daies houres minuts vnto the meridiā of Norwich exactly whiche is 22. degrees and. 30. minuts from the Canarian or West fortunate Ilandes 1560. ¶ March. Daye 11 Houre 16 Minute 6 1562. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 14 Minute 4 1563. ¶ Iuly Daye 5 Houre 7 Minute 34 1565. ¶ Nouember Daye 7 Houre 11 Minute 36 1566 ¶ October Day 28 Houre 2 Minute 44 1567 ¶ October Daye 17 Houre 13 Minute 53 1569 ¶ Marche Day 2 Houre 14 Minute 57 1570 ¶ February Day 20 Houre 5 Minute 20 1570 ¶ August Daye 15 Houre 9 Minute 5 1572 ¶ Iune Day 25 Houre 9 Minute 10 1573. ¶ December Daye 8 Houre 7 Minute 25. 1576. ¶ October Day 7 Houre 9 Minute 12 1577. ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 6 Minute 29 1577. ¶ September Daye 26 Houre 10 Minute 37. 1578. ¶ September Daye 16 Houre 12 Minute 24 1580. ¶ Ianuary Daye 31 Houre 8 Minute 36 1581. ¶ Ianuary Daye 19 Houre 8 Minute 38 1581. ¶ Iuly Daye 15 Houre 15 Minute 0 1584 ¶ Nouember Daye 8 Houre 11 Minute 18 1587. ¶ September Daye 6 Houre 8 Minute 54 1588 ¶ Marche Daye 2 Houre 13 Minute 22 1588. ¶ August Day 25 Houre 14 Minute 47 1589 ¶ August Day 15 Houre 6 Minute 8 1590 ¶ December Day 30 Houre 7 Minute 15 1591. ¶ December Day 19 Houre 14 Minute 48 1592 ¶ Iune Day 14 Houre 8 Minute 7 1592 ¶ December Day 8 Houre 6 Minute 31. 1594 ¶ October Day 18 Houre 17 Minute 8 1595 ¶ Aprill Day 13 Houre 14 Minute 15 1596 ¶ Aprill Day 2 Houre 7 Minutes 57 1598 ¶ February Day 10 Houre 16 Minute 31 1598 August Day 6 Houre 5 Minute 28. 1599 ¶ Ianuary Day 30 Houre 16 Minute 30 1601 ¶ Nouembre Day 29 Houre 5 Minutes 9 1602 ¶ May. Day 25 Houre 4 Minute 56 1603 ¶ May. Day 14 Houre 10 Minute 39 1603 ¶ Nouember Day 8 Houre 7 Minute 7 1605. ¶ Marche Day 24 Houre 7 Minute 15 1605. ¶ September Day 16 Houre 14 Minute 49 Whan as thou wilt finde the longitude of any Region Country or Uillage by an Eclipse do in this manner Obserue diligently the perfaite time whan as she beginneth to be eclipsed either by some perfait Dial or clock or els by the heighte of some fixed sterre and if the time of hyr beginninge do agree with that whiche thou shalt find here calculated know certainly that thy Meridian and longitud is all one with Norwich but if they differ do in this order Subtract the lesser time from oute of the greater the differēce turn into degrees mi. of the Equinoctial Thē if the time in the beginning of her obscuration be more then that which I haue heare placed adde this difference in degrees and minuts vnto the lōgitude of Norwiche because the place is East from it and you shall haue the perfait lōgitude But and she begin soner with the to be Eclipsed then is here mētioned subtract the difference aforesaid in digrees minuts from the Longitude of Norwiche because thou arte West from it you shal haue the Longitude desired Spou. Howe shall I torne the houres minutes of the day into digrees minutes of th' Equinoctiall Philo. You must giue to euery houre 15. digrees to euery 4. minu of an houre one digr of th' Equinoctial euery minu of an houre 15. minu of th' Equinoctiall as this Table folowyng shall alway declare And nowe I wyll giue you à twofould example Anno. Christi 1558. the second day of Aprill there was à great Eclipse of the Mone so that she was darkened x. pointes well nere began to come vnder the shadowe of th' Earth at Norwich at x. a clock 37. minutes at night as by taking the height of à fixed sterre called the virgins spike did euidently appeare now willing to note mens obseruations in other places I finde that Leouitius Cyprianus in hys boke of Eclipses apoynteth it to begin at Augusta in Ger many 23. min. after xi a clock at night Then to find the longitude of Augusta frō Norwich I subtract x. houres 37. min. frō xi houres 23 min ther remaine 49 minuts A TABLE SERVING TO THE CONuerting the houres and minutes of the day into digrees and minutes of th' Equinoctiall  Th' ark of th' equinoctiall in   Th' arke of th' Equinoctiall in Hou of the day Digre Mi Second  Mi. of hou Digrees Min. Secō Third 1 15 2 30  1 0 15 2 3 2 30 5 0  2 0 30 5 0 3 45 7 30  3 0 45 7 30 4 60 10 0  4 0 0 10 0 5 75 12 30  5 1 15 12 30 6 90 15 0  6 1 30 15 0 7 105 17 30  7 1 45 17 30 8 120 20 0  8 2 0 20 0 9 135 22 30  9 2 15 22 30 10 150 25 0  10 2 30 25 0 11 165 27 30  15 3 45 37 30 12 180 30 0  20 3 0 50 0 13 195 32 30  25 6 16 12 30 14 201 35 0  30 7 31 15 0 15 225 37 30  35 8 46 27 30 16 240 40 0  40 10 1 49 0 17 255 42 30  45 11 17 1 30 18 270 45 0  50 12 32 5 0 19 285 47 30  55 13 48 2 30 20 300 50 0  60 15 2 30 0 21 315 52 30       22 330 55 0       23 345 57 30       24 361 0 0       with which I enter into this tahle finde answeringe to 46. minutes of time 11. degrees 30. minu of th' equinoctiall because that the beginning of the Eclipse is later at Augusta ▪ then at Norwich it sheweth the situation to be East from it Wherfore I adde the difference of time tourned into degrees vnto 22. degrees 30. minu the longitud of Norwich ther ariseth 34. degrees the longitude of Augusta In like manner 1559. the. xvi day of September at 3. of
7 7 53 5 7 42 4 18 6 59 5 1 6 9 5 51 5 16 6 44 4 31 7 29 4 5 7 55 10 7 36 4 24 6 50 5 10 6 0 6 0 5 8 6 52 4 25 7 35 4 4 7 56 15 7 30 4 30 6 42 5 18 5 51 6 9 5 0 7 0 4 9 7 41 4 4 7 56 20 7 24 4 26 6 34 5 26 5 42 6 18 4 51 7 9 4 14 7 46 4 6 7 54 25 7 17 4 43 6 24 5 36 5 34 6 26 4 43 7 17 4 11 7 49 4 9 7 51  Iulius August September October Nouember December Da. of the moÌ„ Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do  H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. 1 4 12 7 48 4 48 7 12 5 39 6 21 6 32 5 28 7 22 4 38 7 53 4 7 5 4 15 7 45 4 55 7 5 5 46 6 14 6 39 5 21 7 28 4 32 7 55 4 5 10 4 20 7 49 5 3 6 57 5 54 6 6 6 47 5 13 7 34 4 26 7 56 4 4 15 4 26 7 34 5 11 6 49 6 4 5 56 6 55 5 5 7 40 4 20 7 55 4 5 20 4 32 7 28 5 18 6 42 6 13 5 47 7 4 4 56 7 45 4 15 7 54 4 6 25 4 38 7 22 5 26 6 34 6 21 5 39 7 12 4 48 7 49 4 11 7 51 4 9 First you shall seke out the Monthe in this table with his day which if it be not there expressed take that whiche is next it And it shall shewe you what time the sonne setteth after seke out th'age of the Mone by th'Epacte or otherwise against that number in this table intituled the time that the mone shineth c. You shal find houres minutes which adde to the going down of the sonne that nomber shall manifestly declare how long she is aboue th'Earthe as for example The. xx daye of Marche 1559. the Mone is xj daies olde against which number in the Table of hyr shining I finde viij houres 48. minutes TheÌ„ do I loke at what tyme the sonne setteth the. xx day of March find it at vi of the clocke xviij minutes These I adde together and the numbre is xv hours vi minutes so that the mone sheweth vnto iii. of the clocke in the morning vi minutes after heare you muste note that before the Full after the chaunge she shineth presently the sonne beinge set But after the Full mone you shall subtract oute of the sonnes rising so many hours minuts as you finde in th'age of the mone the remanent shal shew when as she do rise as for example The xxvij day of March the moone is xviij daies old the time of hir shining is x. houres xxiiij minutes the sonne riseth that day at v. of the clock xxx minutes Now subtract the shining of the Mone out of the sonnes rising there remaine vii houres vi minuts the time whan as the Mone shall shew her selfe aboue the Horizont A TABLE SHEVVING HOVVE LONG the Moone shineth in our Horizont Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth Th' age of the Mone The time she shineth  Dayes Hovr Min. Dayes Hour Min.  1 0 48 16 12 0  2 1 36 17 11 12  3 2 24 18 10 24  4 3 12 19 9 36  5 4 0 20 8 48  6 4 48 21 8 0  7 5 36 22 7 12  8 6 24 23 6 24  9 7 12 24 5 36  10 8 0 25 4 48  11 8 48 26 4 0  12 9 36 27 3 12  13 10 24 28 2 24  14 11 12 29 1 36  15 12 0 30 0 48  Spoudaeus There yet remain to set out at what time daily ebbing and flowing shal be in euery cost or you furder proceade for you haue declared the diuision of the seas with the cause of the springe and ebbe tides also of dailye ebbinge and flowinge moreouer the age of the Mone and how long she shineth â–ª wherby I can coniecture the tides aforesaid nowe therfore if you do instructe me wherby I may know the perfect time of Ebbinge and Flowinge then you maye with other thynges at your pleasure proceade Philon. That you may do without any labour or studye if you do but only know what Mone in that coaste make ful seas which thinge this Table folowynge shall leade you vnto in which I haue placed the principall townes on this shore of England of other costes with the Mone that in euerye one of them make full seas FVLL SE AS IN THESE PLACES FOlâ—…wynge by the coste of the Moone as whan she is at London S. VV. Graues ende S. VV. S. Poperelle S. Landes ende S. E. Marget S. S. E. Gulles S. VV Sandwich S. E. S. Douer S. E. S. Rhie S. S. E. Porchmouth S. Portland S. E. Dartmot VV. S. Plumot VV. S. Famot VV. S. Mous bay VV. Scilli VV. S. Milford VV. S. The lands end at Gulf. VV. S. VV And all the coastes vp to bristow yea and the coastes of Irlande froÌ„ VVaterforde vnto HoldheÌ„de of Kinssael w. S. Calys S. S. E. Boleyne S. S. E. Depe S. E. S. New Hauen S. E. S. The coast of Lions S. s. w. Conquit S. w. Al the coast à long till you come to Poell head S. w. From Poell head til you come to the streit of Malgate S. w. Grauelin S. E. Dunkerk S. E. Hoste Ende S. S. w. Blanke Borow S. S. w. Sluse S. s. w. Ramkinse s. s. w. At Anwerpe E. Newporte s. s. w. Harwich s. s. E. Yermouth s. E. All the coast à longe to VVintertone s. E. Humber E. Scarborrow and à longe the coast to Newcastell s. w. Castell s. s. w. Holly Ilande s. s. w. Barwike s. s. w. South HaÌ„pton S. Blacke Deppes S. Redde Bancke S. Tyne Mouth s. w. Hartle Poule w. S. w. Feylene VV. S. Spo. This I vnderstande very well Phi. Then when you will learne the time that it shall be full sea seke out the towne with the coast of the mone After enter into this table hauing th'age of the mone there stay your finger Then seke in the hier or lower part of the Table for suche a coast as you founde writen To the Reader Heare should come into this Page frendly Reader the table of the Mones ebbinge and flowinge but because the space is not sufficient you shall finde it in an open sheet whiche must here to be annexid A PROFIT ABE TABLE FOR FINDINGE OVT EBBES AND FLVDDES IN THE COASTES of Englande Scotlande Irelande Duchelande and Fraunce THE COATSES OF THE MOONE BEFORE the Full after the Chaunge Th' age of the Mone East East
be x. daies in length I haue receiued suche pleasure in youre instructions But sence the Sonne sumwhat declineth to the weste Ocian I will giue diligent eare vnto your wordes for the short time ther is yet remaining Phil. I reioyse much to vnderstand your feruent desire to knowledge which I will to my vttermost furder And now touching th' Earth consider you that she is lowest of all Elementes blacke ponderous and round inuironid and inclosed within th' other thre She is called the mother of fruites the roote of all plantes the norishe of lyuing creatures the foundation of all buildinges the sepulchre of the dead the Center of the beautifull frame of the world the matter and substaunce of mans body and the receptakle of heauenly influence She is also garnished with fragrāt flowres of Man Beast and Foule inhabited and comfortablie quickened by the norishing beames of the Sōne Mone Planetes and fixed Sterres But you shall note for all that here is spoken that there is great controuersie touching th'Earthes fourme which must be descidid and put away or we can safely procede further As th'opinions of those which affirme th' Earth not to be rounde like à Globe or Boule Those that affirme it to be of pyller forme Those that will not haue it to be the Center of the heauen Those that suppose the Earth to moue with other like But the greatest of all is the errour of those that speake againste the roundnes of th' Earth Wherfore I will touche it principallye whiche thing done th' other are manifest of them selues Spoud You enter into that question in whiche of all other I desire moste especiallie to be satisfied for I also am in that errour if it be an errour to say th' earth is not rounde Philo. Bring forth suche reasons than as inforseth you so to iudge and I will answere them Spou. It semeth sufficient to credit th' Earth not to be round if we consider the greate deepe valleis that are in it the Cities Towres Castels and Trees with suche like placed vpon the face of the Earth but moste of all the hougie and hie Mountaines and Hilles Of whiche some of them are supposed to be 60. miles in height As the Hille in th'Iland Teneriffa whiche Ptolomaeus nameth one of the fortunate Ilandes and is beyonde Hercules Pillers Also an other in Thessalia called of Solinus Olimpus beyng of suche height that the ashes ther daies of Sacrifice beynge ended remaine à whole yeare in the toppe of the same not moued with troublous tēpestes or vehement blastes but thorow his great height is free from all violence of windes What shall I speake of the Hill Caucasus which diuideth Albania Colchis from Sermatia as doth appeare in the seconde Table of Asia in Ptolomaeus Geographie which Aristotle doth esteme to be of such hight that it may be sene at the mouth of the riuer maeotis The distaunce of which is from theforsaid Hill 620. English miles Moreouer you shall see no place but either flat or els full of Hylles Dales Valeis or suche like whiche is farre from â Globe forme figure Phil. Yet do all these wordes nothing cōclude Do you not cōsider that the sight is deceiued in thinges from it farre distaunt And therfore I will in fewe wordes answere you that these Hilles Mountaines Vallies are no more in quantitie respect beyng had to the whole Earth thē the Pittes holes of à rough polished Gūstone to the stone whiche although it be not smoth yet it argueth nothing lesse then this gunstone not to be roūde like a Globe in fourme yea then the bodye of the Earth beyng a rough stone harde not so apt to be polished as the body of the Water doth remaine with such vallies Hilles as you haue saide in manye places these vallies ar filled with water to the more apt proportiō of à Globe Moreouer Nature cōsidering the necessitie of th'inhabitauntes in this Center left suche fourme vnto it as might for ther vse most cōueniently serue Spou. For what cause suppose you th' Earth to be à stone Philo. If it were not à stone but Sande or Clay in substaunce then the water being mixt with it they both should be cōfounded in them selues yea the hie Hilles Moūtaines of which you made mentiō shoulde sinke settle downe to the Center of th' Earth seynge they are so ponderous heauie not be sustained borne vp as they are in the face of th' Earth But for the further cōfirminge you in that which is spoken aunswere me Imagine there were à great rounde trunke of Timber which went thorow the whole Earth directly by the Center then there were à great heauie stone put in at this Trūke how farre suppose you this stone should descende Spoud Vntill the center of th' Earth myddes of the Trunke Philo. In like case if th' earth were not an hard stonie substaunce but Clay or Sāde as to our sightes doth appeare these Hilles rockes beyng much heauier then any stone should in like sort go to the Cēter of th' earth But haue you any other doubtes Spou. Yea verely that is th' Earth to be flat Philo. What prouoketh you so to iudge Spou. This reason that th' Earth must be in forme most agreable to the Heauens And that the Heauēs be flat I can proue by th' authoritie of Lactantius Firmianus Philoni It is truely said that knowledge hath no enemie but ignoraunce There are nowe at these daies no small numbre of Lactantius sort not scrupulous enemies onely but also Physicians of whome I am ashamed to speake they do contempne that knowledge whiche is the greatest suerist token of Gods prouidence for mankind either by peruerse interpreting the scripture or els of mere follie dispisinge that of whiche they neuer tasted are vtterly ignorant in But such wer very ill to be Iudges for they would condemne the man or they knew the crime of whiche he were accused but let that passe As touchyng your opinion that th' Earth is flat I will proue it to be rounde from th' East to the West and in like maner from the North to the South Spou. Then must I nedes graūt that it is in like sorte rounde in all partes Philon. I wyll vse the same argumētes that Cleomedes doeth If th' Earth were flat then the sterres should rise at the same moment to vs that they do to them whiche dwell in th' East parts of the world it should be mid-day with vs them at one instaunt yea the same Starres should set in the Weast in lyke maner with thē and vs. Spoud That they do not I am most sure for at Alexādria à citie in Egipt it is day iij. houres sooner then with vs night in like sorte Yea at Compostell in Spaine which is West from vs the daye begynneth with
Cancer in whiche place he is the. 12. daye of Iune causing in our region the lōgest day in the yere imediatly the time semed as it were midnight Charles Wayne with Bootes diuers other sterres turned about the Pole But as he wold haue caried me about the heauēs to haue shewid me the North Crowne stronge Hercules Cassiopeia th' Egle the flieng Horse mightie Orion the two Dogges the famous great shippe Argo c. Mercury the messenger of the Godes came to my bedde side saide Aurora did appeare Phebus with his goldē beames was entred his chariot minding to finishe his diurnall Arcke so that it was à reproche for me any lōger to play the sluggard declaringe more ouer that Philonicus was in the fildes And surely I suppose no lesse but I shall not from him be longe absent I am iustly reprehended of Mercury because the time that is cōsumed with slepe more then nature requireth is all lost for ther spring no profit therof but sicknes disquietnes both of body minde But what is he that calleth Spoudaeus beckneth with his hand It is Philonicus I will make spede to mete him Philon. God saue you Spoudaeus Spoud And you also moste hertilie I require the Gods you know th' occasiō I trust of my resorting into this place Philo. For to be further instructed in the knowledge of Cosmographie Spoud It is verely my desire specially to know the Longitude Latitude circuit of th' Earth and of the diuisiō of it into Climates to know the meanyng of Zones paralleles to finde out the Meridiane line the longitude latitude of any place because they haue à singular vse in this Arte. Philo. You haue repeted matter ynough to cōsume this day in I wyll if tyme permitte willingly satisfie your request But seynge this thinge doeth depende chiefly of dimention measuringe it is requisite to knowe that first yea the principall partes of it Spou. Dimention is no other thing then à lōgitude knowen practised by which we maye in like maner measure th'vnknowē distaunce of places by the same experience Philo. Trew it is And there are thre thinges only which may be measured For either it is à line as Longitude or els à Plat forme as Latitude or last à body as thicknes or profunditie Spoud Glarianus hath the like saying Campanus sheweth wherof these three do spring in this maner A point saith he is that which haue no partes yet by the mouyng of it à lyne is described And a lyne moued because it hath length beynge voide of breadth depenes cā but describe a plat forme This plat forme is both a rounde plat forme also a flatte as in these figures And a plat forme moued because it hathe lēgth breadth describeth a Body hauing both length breadth depenes Philo. A rounde plat forme A plaine plat forme A Barly corne is the least mea sure yet from it do all other mea sures procede as A Finger breadth An Vnche A Hande breadth A Spanne A Fote A Geomtricall Pase An Englishe Pearche A Furlonge An Englishe Furlonge A Leque An Italian mile A comon Germaine mile An Englishe mile Conteyninge in it 4 Barly cornes in thicknes 3 Fingers 4 Fingers 3 Hande breadth 4 Hande breadth 5 Fiue fote 16 Fote a halfe 125 Pase 660 Fote or 132. Pase 1500 Pase 1000 pase or 8. furlōgs 32 Furlonges 8 Furlonges There is also diuersitie what a Furlong should conteine in length it should appeare that Ptolomaeus Strabo Plinius do not agree herin Spou. What call you this worde Furlong Philon. That which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie name it stadium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is à statione And it is vsurped for a place where men exercise ther horse ronnyng a rase which length Plinie determineth to be 125. pases or 625. fote by which reason 8. of these furlonges do make an Italian or Englishe mile which beyng multiplied by 4. makes 32. furlonges the length of a comon Germanie mile I call it à common Germaine mile for that in Heluetia not obseruing any true distāce in theyr iorneis they vse 40. or 50. furlōges for a mile Spou. Those are Robin Hodes miles as the prouerbe is Phi. There is also a diuers order in measure obserued as th' Aegiptians by signes the Gretians by furlonges the Spaniardes French men by leques the Italiās Germaines Englishmen by miles which I thought mete to declare more for that it may further you in reading theyr workes then that I entende to introduce in place any of ther waies but wil vse only th' English mile writing to Englishe men the quantitie wherof as I said is 8. furlonges euery furlonge conteining 132. pases euery pase 5. fote euery fote 4. handbreadthes euery hand breadth 4. fingers in thicknes euery finger 4. Barly cornes rounde dried So that an Englishe mile conteineth in length 253440. Barly cornes as by the rules of Arithmetike is manifest plaine Spoud This semeth very straunge yea rather incredible yet surely to be trew I am assured Philon. You shall vnderstande matters both more straunge pleasaunt then this which is founde out by th' infalible rules of Arithmetik Geometrie now procede we to our purpose beginning with this word Lōgitude Spoud I take it for no other thinge then the distaunce of à Starre or part of à signe from the beginning of Aries the first signe in the Zodiake As the Virgines spike in the xvij degree xlij minutes of Libra is vj. signes xvij degrees xlij minu or 197. degrees xlij minu from the head of Aries Philo. That signification of Lōgitude is vsed among th' Astronomers but in Cosmographie it is otherwise For they call the Longitude of any Region the portion of th' Equinoctiall Circle which is included betwixte the Canarian Ilandes in the West beyng the first degre of Longitude the Meridiane of the Regiō that thou wilt describe Such portiō of th' Equinoctiall in the middes of Englande from the fornamed Ilandes is about xxij degrees Spoud Then in describinge the face of th' Earth Cosmographers do place the first degre of Lōgitude in the West fortunate Ilandes so proced thorow the whole face of the same vntill they come to that place agayne Philo. It is so as you say So that the myddes of th' Earth is 180. degrees from the West Such are th' East Indians 360. is the furdest that one can be from the West Spou. But could not the degrees of Longitude be accompted from some other parte of th' Earth as well as from th' Iandes afore said Philo. Yes verely but Ptolomaeus the restorer of this Art placed the first degree of Longitude in them as the furdest point of the confines boundes of Afrike Europe as the famous excellent pillers of
their diuersitie â–ª yea and the place serueth aptly for it or we do further procede Wherfore I require you to turne our coÌ„municatioÌ„ to this matter Phi. With a right willing mind You must first vnderstaÌ„d that of the diuersitie of shadowes ther ar iij. diuers distinct habitatioÌ„s of people found that is to say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche names also the latinest vse Amphiscij Heteroscij Periscij we waÌ„t apt English termes for them yet I will make it plain thoughe I vse the more wordes And first I wil speke of those which we call Amphiscij You do marke wel that the sonnes course recourse continuallie in the Zodiak maketh the shadow long and short Spou. I know that well and the nerer he cometh toward vs the shorter is the shadow and the furder he goeth froÌ„ vs the loÌ„ger he geueth a shadow Philo. It is so as you say But how thinke you is ther not some place that hath no shadow Spoud There can be no such Philo. If the greatest declination of the Sonne from th'Equinoctiall nere to the zenit ver ticall poynt make the shadow shortest that can be in thy region then where he goeth ouer any zenit there muste be no shadow Spou. It should seme to follow Phil. Yea it muste of necessitie so be Spoud But where is there any such ouer whose heades the SoÌ„ne directly goeth Philo. Suche be those that dwell in the burning Zone which as I said is betwixt the two Tropikes so that when the Sonne is in the beginning of Aries and Libra they haue no shadowe and therefore Plinius calleth theÌ„ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ascij or people withoute shadow And because he is twise yerely in these poynts thei haue two sommers and in like case two winters for that he declineth to the Tropikes of Cancer and Capricorne Wherfore Lucanus spake of such inhabitants very aptly in this these verses following Depraensum est hunc esse locum quo circulus alti Zolstitii medium signorum percutit orbem This is the place where th'Equinoctiall diuides The Zodiake in twaine causinge two Somer tides Spoud I remember that Ptolomaeus in his Almegist maketh mention of such inhabitantes and nameth also such as dwel vnder the tropikes Ascij but yet I shuld not haue called it to mind if you had not geueÌ„ th'occatioÌ„ Philo. Yet thys people whan as the sonne declyneth Northward from them haue a shadow which shadow falleth at none stede directlye southe for of other shadowes I make no accompte Spoud It must neades so be for the soÌ„ne is North froÌ„ that thing which geueth the shadowe Philon. And whan the sonne is in the winter poynt vnto what coste do the shadowe decline Spoud It shall fall directly North by the reason of you aleaged Philo. Here then you se the cause wher of these inhabitauntes were called Amphiscij and we maye call them double or two folde shadowed Spou. I vnderstand your meaning Philon. The second be those which haue the shadow continuallye toward one coste ether North or South Spou. Then we be in the numbre of those for we haue oure shadow directly North. Phi. And such be those that dwel in th' opposite place of th' earth against vs therfore called Antipodes For the so ne neuer comminge ouer their zenit they haue the shadow into the South coste perpetually declining as we haue into the Northe Spou. This muste nedes be certainly true but yet I do much meruaile therat Phil. What so euer is rare and not commonly sene and hard is euer meruelous And the Arabians commynge into Europe meruailed as muche to see the shadowe Northwarde as you do to here it is declined with the aforesaid inhabitants toward the South cost therfore Lucanus speaketh of them in this sort Ignotum vobis Arabes venistis in orbem Vmbras mirati nemorum non iri sinistras â–ª A Region vnknowne Arabians you finde Musing that the shadow is still North declinde Spou. There remaineth yet to speke of the thirde sort of people which you named Periscij Phil. They toke that name because thei dwelling within the circles arctike Antarctike haue the shadow going round about the Horizont Spou. But yet the shadowe moueth not so swiftlye aboute th' Earth with them as it doeth with vs and those you call Amphiscios for wyth vs it goeth about from the West by the Northe so to the East in the space that the sonne is in oure Hemisphere aboue th' earth whiche at the most is in xvij houres Phi. It is so Spou. TheÌ„ seing the sonne goeth not out of ther sight for the space of 182. dais xij hours whiche is there continuall daye then it should go aboute the horizont but in that loÌ„g place Phi. That is false For how think you doth not the sonne circuit th' earth in xxiiij houres continuallye Spou. Yes verely Phil. TheÌ„ doth the shadow go about their HorizoÌ„t in the same space of time except you imagin those Periscios to dwel without the circuit of th' earth Spo. That were a poynt of demency or madnes so that as ofteÌ„ as he circuith th' earth so ofteÌ„ in lik case do ther shadow turne about the place of their horizont which must neades be 182 times Phi. I am glad you vnderstand the reasoÌ„ of it and now behold the table of shadowes A TABLE OF SHADOVVES SHEVVING THEIR PROPORTION VNTO THE GNOMON it beyng deuided in 60. partes for euery degree of the Sonnes altitude and also the quantie of the Shadow in euery Country Region City thorowe the vniuersall Earthe whan the Sonne is in the Aequinoctiall and Solsticiall poyntes The Sonnes Altitude The Sha dow Th' eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole Shadow solstitial in somer Aequinoctiall Shadow Shadow Solsticiall in wiÌ„ The Sonnes Altitude The Sha dow Th' eleuatioÌ„ of the Pole Shadow Solsticial in SoÌ„ Aequinoctiall Shadow Shadow Solstitial in wiÌ„ par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„  par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ par MiÌ„ 1 3437 24 1 24 49 1 3 27 18 46 57 56 46 24 53 62 8 160 16 2 1718 10 2 23 36 2 5 28 35 47 55 57 47 26 7 64 20 169 12 3 1144 52 3 22 24 3 8 29 53 48 54 1 48 27 22 66 38 179 4 4 858 2 4 21 13 4 11 31 12 49 52 9 49 28 39 69 1 190 0 5 685 48 5 20 3 5 15 32 32 50 50 20 50 29 56 71 30 202 14 6 570 51 6 18 53 6 18 33 54 51 48 35 51 3â—… 15 74 5 216 0 7 488 39 7 17 44 7 22 35 18 52 46 52 52 32 37 76 48 231 35 8 426 55 8 16 36 8 26 36 44 53 45 12 53 33 59 79 37 249 26 9 378 49 9 15 29 9 30 38 11 54 43 35 54 35 23 82 34 270 5 10 340 16 10 â—…4 22 10 34 39 40 55 42 1
Climates drawne South from th'equinoctiall as of the North of whiche you haue spoken Phi. They do in like maner deuide that portion into vij Climates but for that they knewe no notable places as in the north partes from th'equinoctiall they gaue them the names of the North Climates with this addition Anti that is to saye oppositie or againste as Antidiameroes the Climate Southe from th'equinoctiall opposite or agaynst the north Climat drawn by Meroë And so in like sort with th' other as this figure shewith in which A. B. C. D. do represente the meridian circle A. the Northe Pole and C. the Pole Antarctike B. D. th'equinoctiall E. F. the Tropike of Cancer G. H. the Tropike of Capricorne the Polary circles I. K. and L. M. The Climates of themselfes are euident hauinge their proper names to them ioyned are drawn from B. D. th'equinoctiall toward the poles A. C. Spou. Now I pray you declare the coÌ„tinuation of the Climates paralleles Philo. I wil fulfill your request The partes of th' Earth Northwardes beinge by painfull daÌ„gerous nauigatioÌ„s found out are deuided also into Climates we folowing the same ordre that Pto lomaeus and th'aunciente Geographers vsed tbat is euery parallele to be distaunt from an other 4. degrees 18. minutes and euery climate one from an other 7. degrees 27. minutes geuing them in like sort apte names of the places ouer which they are drawne so that in our time there is founde after the same inuention 96. Paralleles of which are made 24. climates and for that it shall not easely be breuied in the poke of ObliuioÌ„ behold I haue drawne out a Table conteining in it the paralleles Climates with the places ouer whicb they directli are described as also th' eleuation of the pole Arctike vnto 90. degrees and the quantity of the longest daye answeringe vnto euery one of those degrees whiche Table shall muche pleasure you as hereafter it shall be euident A TABLE CONTEYNING THE NVMBRE OF PARALLELES AND CLIMATES VVITH th' Eleuation of the Pole Arcticke quantitie of the longest day night answering hereto Paralleles af ter Ptolomae us Paralleles more certayn exacte The number of Climates after th' olde Graecians vse Climates after th'inuen tion of Geographers in our time The names of Climates Paralleles after som notable place in them Th' Eleuation of the Pole arctick The quantitie of the lon gest day 1 1  1 Vnder Th'Equinoctiall 0 0 12 0 2 2    4 18 12 15 3 3  2  8 34 12 30 4 4    12 43 12 45 5 5 1 3 By th'Ilande MeroeÌ„ 16 44 13 0 6 6    20 34 13 15 7 7 2 4 By Syâ—…ne vnder the Tro picke of Cancer 24 11 13 30 8 8    27 36 13 45 9 9 3 5  30 48 14 0 10 10   By Alexandria 33 46 14 15 11 11 4 6 By the Rhodes 36 30 14 30 12 12    39 3 14 45 13 13 5 7 By Rome 41 23 15 0 14 14    43 32 15 15 15 15 6 8 By Ponte Euxine 45 31 15 30 16 16    47 â—…1 15 4â—… 17 17 7 9 By Boresthenes 49 1 â—…6 0 18 18    50 34 16 15 19 19  10 By VViteberge 51 59 16 30 20 20    53 17 â—…6 45 21 21  11 By Grypsualde 54 30 17 0 22 22    55 36 17 15 23 23  12 By Moscouia Irlande 56 38 17 30 24 24    57 34 17 45 25 25  13  58 27 18 0  26    59 15 18 15 26 27  14  59 59 18 30  28    60 40 18 45 29 29  15  61 18 19 0  30    61 â—…3 19 15 28 31  16  62 25 19 30  32   By Orcades 62 55 19 45 29 33  17  63 22 20 0  34    63 47 20 15  35  18  64 10 20 30  36    64 31 20 45 30 37  19 All these Paralleles folowynge are drawen by places 64 49 21 0  38    65 6 21 15  39  20 in Norwey and SweuelaÌ„d c. 65 22 21 30  40    65 â—…5 21 45 31 41  21  65 47 22 0  42    65 58 22 15  43  22  66 7 22 30  44    66 15 22 45 2 45  23  66 21 23 0  46    66 25 23 15  47  24  66 29 23 30  48   Vnder th'Arct Circle 66 31 23 43 33 49    66 32 24 0 Paralleles after Ptolomaeus Paralleles more certaine and exacte The names of the Paralleles after the notable places by which they are described c. Th' Eleuation of the Pole Arctik Continuall day in somer Continuall nyght in winter  50  67 0 23 11 22 1 34 51  67 30 33 17 31 13  52  68 0 41 14 39 2  53  68 30 48 6 45 8  54  69 0 54 3 50 22  55  79 30 59 12 56 0 35 56  70 0 64 â—…1 60 16  57  70 30 69 4 65 2  58  71 0 73 13 69 6  59  71 30 77 17 73 5  60 Bâ—… Laponia and the grene Lande 72 0 81 17 77 1  61  72 30 85 14 80 17  62 whiche after the opinioÌ„ of sundry 73 0 89 8 84 6 36 63 Authors do continually without seperation Ioine with west India 73 30 92 22 87 18  64  74 0 96 10 91 2  65  74 30 99 21 94 9  66  75 0 â—…03 5 97 14  67  75 30 106 11 100 17  68  76 0 109 16 103 19  69  76 30 112 20 106 20  70  77 0 115 22 â—…09 20  71  77 30 118 22 118 â—…7  72  78 0 121 22 118 14 37 73  78 30 124 21 118 11  74  79 0 127 19 121 7  75  79 30 1â—…0 17 124 2  76  80 0 133 13 126 20  77  80 30 136 8 129 14  87  81 0 139 3 132 7  79  81 30 141 21 135 0  80  82 0 144 14 137 17  81  82 30 147 7 140 9  82  83 0 150 0 142 23  83  83 30 152 16 145 13 38 84  84 0 155 8 148 4  85  84 30 158 0 150 18  86  85 0 160 15 153 9  87  85 30 â—…63 5 155 22  88  86 0
you drawing from the center to the circumference a straight line shal haue your own desire Other willing to exchew the tediousnes of time in obseruation do prouide a Plate of Meatall well pullished or some thick planke smothe and plained in whiche is drawne à circle as in th' other aforsaid with a Wyer or like thynge set vp right in the center and do diligently before none obserue whan the shadow of the Wier in length is equall with the circumference and at th' end of it make à prick In like sorte after noone whan as the shadowe commeth vnto the circumference and make there also à prick thē with the compasse deuide the space betwixte these two prickes in the middes and make there à note or pricke after draw à right line from the center to that middle pricke and it shall alwaye shewe the whan as the sonne is in the meridian or middaye line for that eleuation of the Pole as in this example A. Is the Center B. E. C. F. the Circle drawne in the planke or plate of metall A. D. the Gnomon or thing which geueth the shadowe AE the shadowe before Noone A. F. the shadow after none nowe deuidinge the space E. F. in the middes whiche is C. and drawne à righte line from A. beinge the Center vnto C. and that is the true Meridian line Spoudeus This way semeth muche easier and facile then the other Philo. Yea and it is also as certaine as th' other and it was inuented as I suppose of Iohannes de monte regio or Vitruuius But Uernerus vseth no other way to find oute thys Line then onelye a Diall hauinge à perfaite nedle placinge it on some plaine and smothe place whan the nedle standeth stedfastlye in the righte Line wythin the Diall it dothe as it were poynte directlye North and South Spoud This waye in my iudgement doeth excell all the rest both for the easines therof also which you can not do by th' other that you maye by it finde the Meridiane or middaye Line at all tymes bothe daye nyght houre Phil. You may so but the neadle doeth sometime erre from right north south as hathe bene obserued I will shew you in the treatise of Nauigation Yea how you shall also correct your neadle but I also haue inuented two waies the first is I make a plaine roūde plate in the mids of which I fix à ruler hauing two sightes to loke thorow then whē the sonne risith halfe aboue the Horizont half vnder I placing my Instrument flat on th' earth do direct the ruler vnto the same so that I may see him thorow the sightes then my ruler not moued I drawe with à Chalke or like thing à right lyne frō the Center vnto the Sōne whan the Sōne goeth down I do in like maner drawe an other Line then I drawe à right Line from the Line of his rising vnto the Line of his goynge downe diuide this Line in the middes after I drawe a right Line from the Center vnto the middes of the ouerwart Line thē I fixe in the Center an vpright wier the shadow of whiche at all times shall shewe when as the Sonne is in the Meridiane Line in that habitation but or we further procede I wyll giue you hereof an example in which I do make A. for the Center then putting vpon it à wyer or pricke I do fasten the ruler ther on this beyng done I place my instrumēt flat applie the ruler with his sightes G. F. vnto the Sōne drawe there à Line A. D. in like sorte whan he is goyng downe make an other Line A. C. then I draw à right Line from C. vnto D. which I diuide in the middes E. crosse it with à Line A. B. which is the Line at midday But in place where I cannot haue this or other like instrmēt whē as I se the sōne to draw very nere the south I pricke vpright in the groūde à knife or such like thīg markīg diligētly how lōg the shadow doth decrease whā as I perceaue it decreaseth no more but rather waxe longe againe I drawe à line from my knife to the shadow which serueth for the Meridian line Spoud I thancke you sir for this your gentlenesse in beating these things into my grose and dulhed And I wil put them all in practise whan conuenient time shal serue but in the night I mīding to take the true height of anye Planet or fixed sterre in the nonestead lyne what ordre shall I obserue for then there is no shadowe which will do pleasure Philo. Therfore wyth some Quadrāt Astrolabe or Ptolomaeus ruler the fation of whiche I do here place and the makinge you shall finde amonge th' other Instrumentes and marke what hys It is made of 3. peaces beyng 4. square As in the Picture where A. F. is the first peace or rule A. D. The seconde G. D. the third rule E. The Foote of the staffe C. F. The Plumrule C. B. The ioyntes in which the second third Rulers are moued K. L. The sighte holes I. The Sonne H. The Zenit or ver ticall pointe M. N. The Noonestead Lyne altitude is then you may staye a season after à while obserue his hight again and so from time to time vntill he increase no hier which is a perfect token that then he is in the Meridian line The same you maye do also with the sonne And for that nightlye trauell hearein semeth somwhat combrous and painfull behold here is a Table of the sonnes height for euery degree of the signes in the Zodiake his greatest declination being 23. degrees 28. minutes and th' eleuation of the Pole arctike aboue the Horizont 52. degrees 10. minutes As concerning the vse of the Table I wil speke nothing but will reserue it for his due place only admonishing you at this present that first you finde out the place of the Zodiake in signes and degrees by some Ephemerides or out of my tables in the Gazophilaciō Astronomicum then loke in the ouerpart of the Table and if that signe be there mensioned descend downward in the first columne finde out also the degre and directly against it shalt thou haue the sonnes Meridian altitude But and the signe be found in the lower part of the Table then you shall serch out his degre in the last column and against it toward the left hand you shal in like maner finde the Altitude answering hereto Spoud I praye you geue me example hereof or you do take in hande any other matters Philo. The thing is so easy as it nede no farther working ▪ yet I will not refuse in so litle a request to satisfye your desire I find the sonne the first day of the new yere 1558 in the signe of the Goate xx degrees the. 37. minutes A TABLE OF THE SONNES MERIDIANE Altitude aboue the Horizont Calculated for
and will shew you how to find the height of the Pole euery day for whiche thinge I will geue you two sondrye wais th' one without any other instrumente more then a staffe or other thing erected to geue à shadow whyche I haue inuented th' other way is by the helpe of an instrument with which I will begin Take the sonnes heighte as before beinge in the Meridian line then take oute of some Ephemerides his place in the Zodiake in degrees minutes with which you shall enter into the table of declination ther find his declination from th'Equinoctiall answering to the said degrees minutes And if it be North thē subtracte it from th'Altitude Meridiā or if it be South adde it to the said Altitude then addyng or subtracting that numbre from 90. Digrees there shall remayne the trewe Eleuation of the Pole Spoud Wyll it please you to let me proue this rule by an example Philo. Right gladly Spou. I finde the Sonne in the sixt Digree of Gemini whose heighte as you see is 59. Digrees 28. minutes well nye And nowe I finde in the Table of the Sonnes declination vnder the 6. Digree of Gemini 21. Digrees 37. minutes 58. secondes Whiche I subtracting from the sonnes height ther doth remaine 37. digrees 50. minutes this I take from 90. digrees finde the place in height 52. digrees 10 ▪ minutes Phil. Let not this slide out of your memory because it hath a singuler vse in this art by it you may in al pla ces wher you trauaile finde out the height of the Pole And nowe I will shewe you my waye howe to finde th'aforesaide eleuation Spou. And shall your way serue in like maner for euery day in the yeare Phi. I find out the height of the North starre by the shadow ether iiij times in the yere or els euery day the sonne being in the meridian line Spou. Then I require you shew me first howe to finde the latitude of any Citie or towne Philon. right willingly You shall proueide a staffe or any rightwand in what length you please this you shall deuide into 60. equall portions Then take oute of some Ephemerides or Almanach the day whan as the Sōne entreth into the first digree of Aries Cancer Libra Capricornus At which times set your staffe vpright in some place And marke the shadow how longe it doth decrease whā it is at the shortest the sōne is in the noonstead place Then at that instaunt take the length of the shadow enter into the Table of shadowes there thou shalt finde th'exacte Latitude of thy Citie As for thy better instruction I find in an Ephemerides the sōne to be in the firste Digree of Aries 1558. the 12. daye of March Therfore whan as the sonne approche towarde the south I set my staffe directly vp find the shadow at midday 77. parts 13. minutes with which I enter the Table of shadowes vnder this title Aequinoctiall shadow can not finde my number expressed therfore I finde next vnder my nūber seuentie sixe 48. vnto which 52. digrees in Latitude do answere wherfore I workinge by proportion finde correspondent vnto 77. parts 13. minutes 52. digrees 10. minutes Spoud Then your minde is that I shall vse the rule of proportion in all Tables where as the perfect nūber is not expresedly founde Philo. Yea certainly Spo. Now shew how I may work euery day the same cōclusiō Phi. It differeth in no point frō the former order sauinge that in the table of shadowes you muste only haue respect to the columne of the sonnes altitude the shadow answering hereto Then to finde the degre he is in at that present next in the table of declination to seke out the declination of the same degree if it be North subtract it from the altitude so the remanent from 90. degrees you shall haue your owne desire Spoud But I finde him to decline Southe must I adde it to his altitude subtract both from 90 degrees as you did in the other Philo. In the same maner in all poyntes There is also an other waye to finde the latitude of Regions and Cities by the helpe of the Astronomy Ringe whiche you shall finde in my boke touching that matter in whiche I shew the making as also th' use of the same Spou. But in the night seasō how may I find the said Eleuation of the Pole in anye place Philo. The Mariners vse to find out the latitude of the place by findinge the height of the Northe starre which they call the lode starre esteming à degre or two in obseruation as no error But you shall worcke in thys maner first find out any notable starre that you knowe perfaitly in the table of fixed starres with Ptolomaeus rule or other instrumente obserue his heighte in the meridian line then in the table of declination you shall find how much he declineth North or South from th'equinoctiall obseruing th' order as you do with the searching out of the Pole by the sonnes altitude Meridiane and declination you shall haue your hole desire Spou. Will you nowe shewe the findyng out of the Lōgitude of any place from the Canariane Ilandes Philo. It is not so easie facile à thing to trie th' eleuation of the Pole but it is as harde laborus to get the Longitude which was the cause that the Auncient Geographers had onely one way that is by obseruing of th'Eclipses of the Mone Spoud I remember Strabo affirmith the same Phi. There is in dede no way so parfit suer as by th'Eclises therfore king Atreus is worthy eternall fame which was the finder out of th'Eclipses of the Sonne Mone 1205. yeares before Christ our Sauiours incarnation by whose trauaile we receaue this benefite Spoud Not we only that are presētly liuing but also such as haue bene before vs also those that shall here after folowe But what is the cause of hyr obscuration doeth not she at that time lose in dede hyr light Phi. No verely For it is directly against Aristotle all Philosophers well neare to confesse that the supercelestiall bodies are subiect to alteration yea or to affirme anye coloure in them But I wil let that passe wil show you the cause of her eclipsing which is no other thing thē the mone being in oppositiō of the sōne ether in the hed or tail of the dragō the shadow of th'erth is be twixt the mone our sight So that as longe as she is in perfit oppositiō without latitude so lōg doth she cōtinue in darknes Spo. And is she not Eclipsed at no other time then only at the Ful Phil. No certeinly ther fore Lucan doth aptly in his first boke opē the cause time of the mones Eclipsation in these versis Cornuque coacto Iam Phaebe toto fratrem cum redderet Orbe Terrarum
necessary for thē which either sayle or trauell Spou. But you do then obserue the distaunce of the places in miles Phil. No verely for if I were caried by lande into places vnknowē blindfilded as they terme it or by the violence of troublesome wether on the sea driuen from my course I can declare how many miles I am from my countrey how many leaques from my proper course Spoud Then surely it must haue in it muche difficultie seyng that there springeth of it so muche vtilitie and profite Philo. The waye is very facile without great laboure I will no lenger make you muse theron You shall prepare à parfait clocke artificially made such as are brought from Flaūders we haue thē as excellently without Temple barre made of our countrymen Spoud Do you not meane such as we vse to weare in the facion of à Tablet Phi. Yea truely when as you trauell you shall set the nedle of youre Diall exactlye on the hour found out by the sonne on the daye by some starre in the night thē traueling withoute intermission whan as you haue traueled .xx. yea .xl. miles or more if your next place whose longitude you desire be so far distant then marke in your Diall the houre that it sheweth after with an Astrolabe or Quadrant finde out the hour of the day in that place if it agre with the same which your clock sheweth be assured your place is north or South frō the place you came from therfore haue the same lōgitude meridiā line But the time dif fer subtract th' one out of th' other the differēce turn into degrees minut of th'equinoctiall as before then adde or subtract as in th' other .ij. precepts going before But now behold the skie is ouer cast with cloudes wherfore let vs haste to our lodgings ende our talke for this presente Spoud With a righte good will THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Cosmographicall Glasse in which is vttered the making and protracture of the Face of th' Earth both in Cartes Perticuler and also vniuersall with diuers necessarye thinges incidente hereto Philonicus SEINGE THAT in oure laste daies talke it was made euidente vnto you what the Longitude Latitude Circuite of th' Earth was how you also might find the same by diuers sondrye waies moreouer the deuision of th' Earth into zones by the helpe of Paralleles it shuld seme nowe conueniente to shewe you the cause wherefore all these are learned to what finall end they are desired Therfore leaste you shulde be lefte destitute of the principal tresure of Cosmography that is to delineat protract or set forth the platforme of th' vniuersall face of th' earth or els perticulerli any one portiō of the same I will this day also do my endeuor to shewe you the waye how to attain hereunto Spo. Wold to god that fortune had vnto me geuē of her tresure that I might sōwhat al though not recōpēce yet shew forth my good wil for this your great pains trauell For in dede siluer gold is to base to recōpence knowledge with that did the famous kinges princes in th' old time well perpende Whan they did not only geue th'inuentors of any new Science Art or profitable thing for à publike weale aboundaunce of treasure but also for perpetuall memorye made an Image to represente suche à persone and called him à God for his inuention So was Neptunus called God of the seas for that he founde the Arte of sayling Aeolus the God of windes because he inuented the true vse of them Ceres à Goddesse for finedinge out tillage But what make I discourse in these thinges to you whiche knowe them muche better then I. Ph. Heare by I gather your good will to th'aduancemente of learning But it is not treasure which at youre handes I craue but only that you shew your selfe enemy vnto ignoraunce thorowe your industrious labour both in profitinge your selfe also your natiue country But or we procede further in thys oure busynesse I wyll brieflye open vnto you certaine names whiche we vse in Geographie with th'interpretation of the same and histories with Poëtes abound also with them And firste you muste consider that th'Earthe beinge inuironed compassed aboute with the greate Ocian seas semeth as it were an Ilande after Strabo his minde notwithstandinge there is à greate difference betwixt an Iland and th'Earthe for an Ilande is a portion of th'Earthe seperated from the hole by waters whiche do circuite it on euerye side so that you can not iourney by lande either from Europe Asia or Afrike vnto your coūtry but muste vse herein Nauigation Spoud Unto your description do agree America Sicilia Iaua the Rodes Candie Delos Therasia and England in which we inhabite Philon. It it true now you shall furder note that the seas deuide th' Earth 4. sundry waies for either it is an Iland or little differing there from and therfore called Peninsula or Isthmus or Continēs Spoud So that Peninsula differeth from an Ilande because in some parte it is ioyned to à greater portion of th' Earth wythoute seperation as Tauricà Thrasia Cherronesus also Cymbrica Aurea in India Philo. Isthmus doeth differ from them bothe signifieth à portion of th'Earthe hauynge of eyther sydes the raginge Seas suche are founde agreable to this description properly Corinthiacus and Thrasius Spou. But howe doeth Continens differ from these three Ph. I will shew you it is à portiō of th' Earth which is not parted by the Seas à sounder but is continually in length so that you may go from one parte vnto another without nauigation as Saxonie Bohemie Sueuelande c. Spod By these I gather there is no portion of th' Earth but it is either an Ilande or that whiche you call Peninsula Isthmus or Continens Philon. No verely but nowe beholde the figure Yet ther remaineth to shew you what this worde Oceā Sea meaneth what we call Promontorium Fretum Lacus Stagnum Fluuius Palus c. which I reserue vntill we speake of Nauigation And nowe we will tourne to our scope You shall cōsider that the face of th' Earth is protraste drawne two sundry waies either on à roūd plate forme for which inuention the Globe moste aptlye serueth or els on à plaine plat forme as à Card in which we drawe th'vniuer sall Earth or els but the half or the one part yea you please but one particuler Region which is proper to Chorographie as I said to you in the first booke Spo. Th' inuention should seme much better to drawe th' Earth in à playne plate fourme theron à Globe for in it we maye behoulde the whole face of th'Earthe wythout anye remouynge or tournynge of the Carde on the Globe you shall be compelled to turne firste one parte then another or you can vew any great portion of
East Also that which coÌ„meth out of that place betwixt th' east the north they called it northeast The space directly betwixt the north the west they named northwest as betwixt the south the west southwest as in this figure A. B. C. D. represent the HorizoÌ„t A. th' east B. the north C. the weast D. the south E. the northeast F. the nortwest G. the southeast H. the Southeast Spo. Yet ther is another kind of partinge the HorizoÌ„t theÌ„ you haue declared for I remember that I red in Marcus Manilius how the HorizoÌ„ was parted in 12. partes but the reason of it I could neuer vnderstande His versis as I remember are these Asper ab axe ruit Boreas furit Eurus ab Ortu Auster amat medium Solem Zephyrusque profundum Hos inter binae mediis è partibus aurae Fxpirant similes mutato nomine flatus From the North rough Boreas come Eurus from th' East Auster from the South bloweth Zephyrus from the VVest Betwixt either of these quartes two other windes brost out In nature like their names changed whistling all th' earth about Phi. Manilius doeth very aptly shew th' order of parting the HorizoÌ„t in to 12. partes For saith he ther com meth two windes froÌ„ those partes of the Horizont where th' equinoctial crosseth it equally of which th' East he calleth Eurus And the Weast Zephyrus or Fauonius TheÌ„ the meridiaÌ„ circle crosseth also the HorizoÌ„t equally in the middes And so by these intersectioÌ„s ther are two other windes described the North he calleth Boreas The Southe Auster Spoud These iiij are the Principall windes agreeth with Homer th' olde Gretians Philo. Yea but in the rest it differeth bothe from theÌ„ also the seconde sort For these parted the Horizont in 8. equall portioÌ„s but Manilius into 12. inequal parts for he described iiij collaterall windes by the. ij Tropick Circles which are the places where the Sonne riseth goeth downe in the middes of Somer and Winter And also other 4. winds at the Circles Arctick Antarctick Spou. I remeÌ„her that in our first daies talk you shewed me what th'equinoctiall the Tropickes the circles Arctik Antarticke were notwithstanding I shall the more spedely conceiue your meaning if you vouch safe as hetherto you haue vsed to geue me some example picture hereof Phil. That I will not refuse to do or any other thinge so that the more vtiliti hereof may vnto you insue Wher fore behold the tipe before placed in which A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Is the place of the Horizont H. the Northe A. th' East L. the Southe B. the Weast From which the Principall windes doth blowe C. is the place wher the Sonne riseth in the Sommer E. wher in the same time of the yeare he setteth Also D. do represent the place where as the sonne riseth in the winter poynte and F. the coaste where he goeth downe Also that part of the Arctick circles which is most easterly marked with G th' other part furdest Weast noted wyth I. also the part of the Circle Antartike furdest East is marked with M. And th' other portion furdest west with K. But nowe in oure time the learned Hydrographers Trauelours on the Seas haue yet gone beyonde them all partyng the Horizont in 32. equall portions as sufficieÌ„tly answering vnto euery viage throughe the hole Earth they haue geuen them very apte names as in this Instrument folowyng more largely appeareth Spou. Thus I see that by diligence laboure small thinges haue great roote increasing For firste there were founde out but iiij Cardinall cheif windes after they wer made viij in numbre then xii And now in our dayes 32. so that I beleue we be at the furdest and that those whiche folow vs shall not be able to adde any thing to this pertition of windes Phi. You are much deceiued if that you so do think for the nuÌ„ber of â—…indes be infinite breke out of euery part of the horizoÌ„t But like as 12. in nuÌ„ber semed not sufficeÌ„t so 32. ar thought to answer in all parts that is in NauigatioÌ„ required the deuisinge of â greater number shall rather cause confusion of memorie then helpe in this behalfe Also by this Compasse the Sonne shynynge you shall perfitly know the houre of the day by the coast he is in As when he is right Easte West it is alwaye sixe of the cloke also à Southe Sonne maketh xij of the clocke So in like maner à southeast sonne maketh ix of the cloke à south weast sonne iij. of the cloke after noone Th' other houres are manifest by the compasse Spou. This is very necessary also in trauilinge And nowe retourne to that from whence we did digresse Ther are certein qualities applied to the windes wherof doth that springe Phi. There are so that cometh of the teÌ„perature of th' Earth so that the North windes be called coulde because they procede froÌ„ the frosen Zone these south windes hote because that they come froÌ„ the burnt zone But this beloÌ„geth more to Physick theÌ„ NauigatioÌ„ For we seke herin to learne th' apt winde which shall cary vs vnto the desired Porte not health which is the Physitions chiefe care Spou. I coÌ„fesse no lesse but yet sence we haue entred in to this matter I wyll be so bold as to trouble you herein further And where as you say the qualities of the windes spring of the teÌ„perature of th' earth do you meane the zones Climates Phil. I do no lesse Spou. TheÌ„ seyng the North winde is called cold because it cometh froÌ„ the north frosen zone why by the like reason shall not the South windes be of like qualitie coÌ„ming froÌ„ the south frosen zone Philoni I wyll aunswer you in few wordes The North winde commeth from the North frosen zone and is felt in our Climate because we are situated nerer that then the South frosen Zone whiche beinge vnder our fete as you haue heard before declared is kepte froÌ„ vs the couldnes of the winde not only mitigated but also greatlye altered throughe the heate of the burninge Zone And therfore the South windes are called hotte Spou. This doth very well agre both to reason experience So that in th'Equinoctial wher both the north and South windes meete there the windes are called teÌ„perate because the couldnes of them is taken away by the heat of the burninge Zone And by this also I gather that suche as dwell in the temperate Southe Zone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Proclus call it beyond th'Equinoctiall they call the South wind cold and the North wind hot Phi. It must neades so be for that the burninge Zone qualifieth the coldnes os the Northe windes throughe his heat as to vs he doth the South Spou. There is now an other dout entred into my hed of which to
be deliuered I must or we furder proced require your ientill aid And that is whether in describing the. iiij Cardinall windes you call the North Pole the furdest North poynt or not and th'Antarctick Pole the South poynte Philon. No verely respecting our climate but I call North South the place of the Horizōt which the meridiā circle rightly doth crosse as also th' east west wher th'Equinoct crosseth the horizōt Spo. Thē vnder th'equinoctial where the Poles are equall with th' earth the Poles them selues are the north South poyntes Phil. It muste of force so be But now seinge theis instructions seme sufficient vnto you touchinge the order number diuision and names of the windes I will passe from that and conuerte my talke vnto the desired scope that is howe to directe anye shippe from place to place from Port to Port exactly by Art Spou. And that is a thinge whiche semeth merueilous For it is thought praise worthye to go by lande directlye without errour from one place to an other farre distant a sonder hauing no path or waye whereby to be guided But in the wide Ocean to finde à direct way to conducte his vessell vnto the port desired is much more commendable If Vlisses had knowne this Art he shoulde not haue hene so long tossed on the troublous seas If Diomedes or Aeneas had bene herein learned they had not so manye yeares bene driuen from place to place knowinge not by what meanes to attaine to their so longe desired Region What thing more commodious for Princes was there euer inuented more profitable for à comon weale and more necessary for al men And that considering the worthye Princes in time paste called Neptunus th'inuentor hereof à God as also Aeolus which found out the vse of windes For it is truely said honor norisheth artes Philon. I wold in these daies they woulde reward the learned painful which ether inuent or adde to that which is inuented with â necessary liuing as for calling thē gods let that passe it is to great a title for mortall men But omit we these thinges as touchinge the directing of anye shippe you maye do it two waies th' one by the compasse onely whiche was to th' olde Hydrographers vnknowne th' other by longitudes Latitudes and the compasse of which her after we will shew the maner As touchinge the firste waye I will not laboure to write much of because it is knowne well nie to euery Mariner But yet I will shewe them certain obseruations by whiche there is found manye errors in the nedle that done I will also declare how they shall correct the same and sail more exactly then the most part are able Spou. Thys is à merueilous nedle whiche beinge touched as I heare onlye with the Magnes shoulde knowe to turne alwaye to the North pole and that only by the same the. iiij Plages and quarters of th'Earthe are presentlye founde oute But what be th'obseruations of this neadle by whiche you affirme that it doth not exactlye poynte Northe and Southe Phi. They are of Iofrancus sette forthe in thys wise In the Ilande called Insula Corui it declined Easterlye xv degrees Also in the place which shipmen call Le Cap d'espoir en terre neuue it declineth towarde the Weaste 33. degrees and. 45. minutes Againe at Deppe saithe he it poynteth Easterlye to much by 11. degrees well nie Spo. If this be certain then in dede th' error is not tollerable but admit it be not so much yet error in all thinges as much as is possible is to be eschewed veritie to be folowed Wherfore I pray you shew me how to find out à perfait nedle to correct it if it be not perfect Phi. Both the chosing of à nedle that is perfit also to correct the false consisteth all in one precept For if I can correct à false nedle I can also chuse à true perfit the way how you shall do that is on this wise whē you will verifie your nedle if it be in the daye you shall vse the healpe of the Sunne and on the night of some fixed sterre marking diligently whā they are in the nonestead line then direct your nedle vnto the Sonne or sterre if the flower of the nedle be righte Northe from it your neadle is perfit or if the flower be toward the sonne th' other part of it North it is also true this your nedle corrected you shall perfitly directe your ship without errour Spou. I can with my Astrolabe or Quadrāt obserue the height of the sōne sterre vntill that he come to the meridiā or nonestead line as you taught me in the secōd dais talk at that instāt place my nedle right towards him Phi. And this wil serue as wel on the seas as on the lād But on the lād you may draw à meridiane line as I taught you set your cōpasse on the meridian Line which you haue drawen in suche maner as the line North South in the compasse stand right in the same it is of all other th'exacte waye this hauinge youre line made you maye at all times verify any nedle not tarying for the sonnes comming to the Meridian Circle Spou. But then my Meridian line whiche I haue drawē must euer be fixed in some place without remouīg Philo. It must neades folow Ther is also great error committed in describing the shipmans Cart because thei vse right lines in the place of Parallele circles of which at this time I will no further intreate Spoud Then I praye you begin the waye how to saile by Longitudes and Latitudes Philon. Vnto this way are required the circles of the Spheare the meridian altitude of the sonne by daye and sterre by nighte the heighte of the Pole the longitude of Regions and Portes and the vse of the shipmans quadrat whose inuentor was worthy D. Gemma Spou. As touching the Circles of the spheare you gaue me instructiōs in our first daies talke also to find th'altitude of the Pole sonne sterre in the second daies meting the longitude of places you promised to set forth by themselues geue me at my departure therfore ther only remain to shew me th' use of the quadrat in this art Phi. Thē I will herin satisfie your expectatiō finish our talke for this present This Quadrat as you se conteineth 32. poyntes with their names in them written Spoud I perceiue it wel but what is ment by those degrees of Lōgitude Latitude in that order placed Philon. I will shew you opening the whole Art of directing your shippe First you must seke out the longitude Latitude both of the place from whence you saile also of that vnto which you intend to trauaile Those you shall for the moste parte finde in my boke whiche I will deliuer you at our departing then
which they praepare head with stones the teath of Fishe for that they want Iron all metall gold except They haue warre with th' inhabitauntes of the countrey next them which haue an other language But it is not for richesse for inlarging their segniory or election of à king but for to reuenge the deathes of their praedicessors There is no law or order obserued of wedlocke for it is lawful to haue so many wemen as they affect to put them away with out any daunger They be filthy at meate in all secrete actes of nature comparable to brute beastes Their bread is rotes theyr meate mans fleshe for all theyr enemies which they ouercome they with great bankettyng deuoure Their houses are builded like the shape of Belles couered with leaues palmes of trees they vse no kinde of Marchandise and as for golde Pearle stone that we haue in great prise they haue in no esti mation For theyr richesse is in fethers of diuers colours stones which they hange on their eares lips for an ornatur They do honour the Sonne Mone Sterres There is also in the weast part of America à region cal led Peru most riche of all other that hitherto haue bene founde both of meatalles praecious Drugges Their shepe be of suche fertilitie that they twise yearlye haue Lambe Th' inhabitantes are ciuill wise prudeÌ„t skilful of marchandise But yet they know not Christ. The middes of America is in digrees 330. 0. The pole Antarctik 10. 0. The breadth of it is 2100. English miles the leÌ„gth 3000. miles There are diuers and sundry Ilandes about America in our dayes founde oute of whiche hereafter shall folow the principall PERV VVITH THE shore towarde Spaine Peru. 290. 5. 0. south pole Archay Chersonâ—…sus 303. 0. 5. 0 Caput de Stado 317. 0 â–ª 2. 30 Sinus aquae dulcis here are vij Ilandes founde in which are great plentie of Pearle praecious Stones 322. 0. South Pole 5. 0. Rio grande 329. 0. South pole 4. 30 S. Rochi 341. 0. South pole 8. 15 Caput S. Crucis here Magelanus founde à Giaunt x. fote in length 345. 0. 140. Rio. s. Iacobi 356. 0. 23. 30 Rio dâ—… s. Lucia 341. 0. 27. 20 ILANDES ADIOYning to America Riqua the lesser 296. 0. 10. 0 Riqua the greater 300. 0. 9. 0 Th' Iland of Giants 308. 7. 5. 0 Th' Ilande of Brasil 305. 4. 6. 10 La ponto 318. 30. 4. 0 Spagnolla here is found Gua iacuÌ„ that healeth the Neapolitane sicknes And the middes of th' Ilande coÌ„teine 305. 0. 23. 0. ¶ ILANDES TOVVARD Africke are innumerable of whiche these are founde oute Todosanctos 332. 30. 17. 0 Deforana 323. 0. 18. 0 Degadalupo 331. 10. 15. 30 Caput de bonauentur 294. 10. 4. 10 The grene Iland 347. 0. 14. 0 FINIS A PLENTIFVL TABLE CONTEYNING the principall matters of the whole worke reduced into th' ordor of th' Alphabete for the spedier findynge of suche thinges as you require A ABILE one of Hercules Columnes 58. 187 Aegyptians first founnd the 8. heauen 12 Aequinoctiall Circle what 22 His vse 24 AeÌ„r diuided into iij. Regions 42 Aeolus God of windes 112. 159 Aetna a burning Hill 176 Africke hyr description 184 wherof it toke name eodem Albania 193 Albetragnius errour in placing Venus aboue the Sonne 11 Alexander the great were borne 183 Alfonsus 2 He first founde out the x. heauen 12 Where he dwelt 178 Alphraganus 11 Ambicon 198 America hir description 200 Amphiscij 68 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 190 Angle of Sight what 137 what a perfit Angle 138 Andwarpe 180 Antarctick circle what 37 Antiochia 193 Antipodes 21. 70. 80 Apians way to finde the Longit. 106 Apollo first â—…ounde Physicke 2 Where he gaue Oracles 184 Arabia 195 Archimedes deuised Glassis to burne with all 2 Arctick circle what 36 ☞ Argentina loke Strausborough Argument of the whole worke 8 Aria Ariana 196 Aristotle 9 Arithmetick neadfull in Cosmographie 4 Armenia â—…yr chiefe places 193 Armusa 198 Asia the thirde parte of th' Earth â—…yr Adescription 190. 191 scij 69 Assiria 194 Atlas 2 Atreus first found the Sonnes Eclypse 97 Auicenna defended 81 Axe tree what 14 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 B. BAbilon 194 Bactriana hir Cities 195 Bagpipe vsed in Warre 172 Barbarica Mauritania 185 Barly corne the least measure 56 Blasing Sterres ingendred where 42 Body what it is 55 Bononie 182 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Barno 198 Brasil an Ilande 202 Burnyng Hilles 176. 175 Burning zone 66 Polybius errour herein 65 That it is habitable eodem Bythinia 19â—… C. CAdmos an Hill 191 Caesariensis Mauritania 187 Calicute the nature of th' inhabitauntes 196 Calpe one of Hercules Pillers 58. 178 Cambridge 173 Canarian Ilandes the first digr of Lon. 58 Their numbre 188 Capadocia 193 Cardes perticuler made ij wayes 115 And howe to make them 116. 117 Caria hir Cities 191 Carmania 195 ☞ A Carte for tlâ—…â—…ight part of th' Earth 122 For the halfe part of th' Earth 125 For the whole face of th' Earth 127 ☞ Cayla loke Quiola Center what 14 Ceres Goddesse of Corne. 112 Chatay 197 Chorographie what 6 Howe it differeth from Cosmographie Geographie 7 Cilicia 193 Circle what howe it differeth from a Sphere 17 Circles Arcticke Antartik 37 Circles greater lesser 39 Circuit of th' Earth howe to find it out 60 How many English myles it conteyneth 61. Cities gouerned of the Signes Planetes 134 Cleomedes 9 Climate what 73 Diuision of them after Ptolomaeus eodem Their number 74 Their names 75 South Climates 76 Theyr Table 78. 79 Cooblentz 181 Colchis 193 Collen where the Pilgrimage is to the thre kinges 181 Colure circles ij theyr definition 36 Cometes ingendred where 42 Constantinople 184 Contentes of the first boke 51 Continens what 113 Coos 198 Corsica an Ilande 176 Cosmographie mete for all estates 4 Cosmographie most excellent of all Sciences eodem Cosmographies definition 5 Howe it differeth from Geographie 6 Cosmographie excelleth Geographie and Chorographie 8 The principall part of it 111 Cosmographicall Glasse 120 Crates errour placinge the Luminaries aboue th' eight heauen 11 Crete an Ilande 177 Cuba 198 Cumpasse vnknowen to th' olde Hydrographers 160 The Cuntrey of Pygmeans 191 Curua hir chefe cities 163 Cyamba 197 Cyclades Ilandes 176 Cyprus 198 D. DAlmatia 182 Damascus 193 Declination what 28 Declination howe to be sought out by instrument 29 ☞ A Table of the Sonnes declination 31 Democritus errour in placing of Mercury 11. Destinction of Zones 65 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Diameter of a Sphaere what howe it differeth from th' Axe tree 15 Digree what 25 Digrees of Longitude of places froÌ„ whence accompted 58 Dimention what it is 55 Distaunce in myles of diuerse places howe to finde out 140 Distaunce of places howe to finde out 141 Diuersitie of opinions touchinge th' earth bis circuit 62
Diuersitie of the Sonnes declination from Ptolomaeus to our time 28 Doris hir chiefe places 191 Drangiana 196 E. EArth what 43 Opinions of hir figure eodem The myddes of it 6 Obiections against hyr roundnes 44 And th' answeres 45 Earth and the worlde not one thing 10 Th' Earth a stone 45 Of th' Earths circuit diuers opinions 62 Th' Earth howe to describe it in a vniuersall carde 127 Or halfe th' Earth 125 Or th' eight part 122 Or one perticuler Region 121 Ebbe tydes 145 The cause of it 146 Theyr tyme. 151 Ebudae Ilandes ioyning to Irlande 172 Ecliptick lyne what 25 Eclipse of the Sonne who firste founde out 97. The cause of the Mone Eclipsed eodā Figures of Eclipsis 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. Elementary Region 40 Elementes why but iiij 41 Theyr situation place eodē Eleuation of the Pole howe to finde it 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. Emantba eodem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xi Heauen 12 Englande hir principall cities 173. 174. Englshie myles what they conteine in the length 56 Howe many barlie cornes therto answereth eodem Epact howe to finde it 148 Ephesus 191 Epirus hir chiefe Places 183 Eubae an Ilande 177 Euclides Elementaries 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Europe wherof it toke that name 170 The description of it 171 The Bignes of it eodem F. FIgures of the Moone Eclipsed 98 Florence 182 Fountaynes of marueylous nature 175 Fortunate Ilandes the first digree of Longitude 58 Their number 188 Fourlong a kinde of measure and his quan titie 56 Fraunce hyr description 178 Fretum what 144 Frosen zones two 66 Fruites of well spent time 2 G GAdira an Ilande 177 Gaditanum fretum where 184 Galenus countrey 191 Gelilo 198 Galitia hir Cities 191 Gazophilacion Astronomicum 89 Gedrosia 196 Gemma Phrisus way to finde the Longitude of places 109 Geographie what it is 5 Howe it differeth from Cosmographie 6 Geographicall plainsphere 137 Geometrie ned full in Cosmographie 4 Germany hyr description 189 Germane myles both commen great the quantitie 56. 57 Giantes Ilande 202 Glarians errour 59 His way to finde the Noonesteade lyne 82. Grene Iland 202 H HAppie men 1 Hayle ingendred where 42 Heauenly Region conteine x. Heauens 10 Th' eyghte nine and tenne Heauen who founde them out 12 Hecla a burnyng Hill 175 Hell where 82 Helga an Hill in Islande eodem Helicon the holy Hill 184 Heluetian myles 57 Hemisphere of th' Earth how to be drawen in a Carte 125 Hercules Pillers or Columnes 58 Heydelberge 181 Hierusalem 194 Hippocrates cuntry 198 Hircania and hir chiefe cities 195 Hilles the greatest in all tb ' Earth 44. Heteroscij 70 Homerus cuntrye 191 Horizont Circle what 18 Diuided in two partes 19 Th' vse of the Horizont 24 Horizont diuided into 32. Partes 156 Hote windes from the South the cause 158. Houre of the daye knowen by the coast of the Sonne 157. 158 I. IAcobus Staffe 105 Iamaica 198 Iberia hir chiefe Cities 193 Idumea hir Cities 194 Ilande what 112 Ilandes in Europe from 172. vnto 178. In Africke 188 In Asia 198 In America 201. 202 Illium 191 Illyria 182 Infortunate men 1 India within Gangis 196 Soutb India 198 ☞ An Instrument seruing to the describing of a Cuntrey 136 ☞ An Instrument seruynge to Nauigation 162 Iohn Faustus first founde out Printinge 181. Iohn Halifax called De sacro bosco 14 Irlande hir description 172 It hath plentie of Alume sea Cole and Wolues eodem It is without venamous wormes and beast eodem Island and her description 175. 176 Isthmus what 113 Italy and her chief Cities 182 Italian miles 56 Iucatan 198 India 194 Iaua the greater 198 Iaua the lesser eodem L LAc á kingdome 198 Lacus what 144 Lactantius petulancye 38 Laodicina and her cities 194 Laponto 202 Latitude of regions what 59 Latitude of Regions howe to find out from 91. Vnto 95 Length of miles 56 ☞ A leque what it conteineth eodem Licaonia her Cities 191 Line what it is 55. Line Eclipticke 25 London howe longe builded before Rome 173. before Cbristes Incarnation 174 Longitude taken two waies 58 Of Longitudes of places where the first degree is placed eodem Longitude of regions how to finde out sondry waies from 103 Vnto 108 Loode sterre and his configuration 166 Louaine 180 ☞ S. Lukes Country 193 Lybia interior 187 Lydia 191 Lyra. 82 M MAcedonia and her description 183 Madagascar an Iland 188 Mahometes Sepulcher where 194 Making of perticuler cardes by Longitude and Latitude 116. 117 ☞ Without Longitude and Latitude 137. 138. Mangi 197 Maiorica Minorica Ilandes 176. A Mappe for one Region 120 A Mappe for th' eight part of th' earth 122 A Mappe for halfe th' earth 125 A Mappe for all th' earth 127 Mare mortuum 144 Mare congelatum eodem Marmarica 187 Margiana 195 Mauritania Tingitana and her description 185 Mauritania Caesariensis 187 Measures of diuers sortes and quantitye eodem Medera an Iland 188 Media and her cities 195 Men moost happy 1 Men moost infortunate eodem Mentz 181 Meroë and her description 187 Meridian circle what 21 The vse of the Meridian 24 Meridian line howe to finde it 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Meridionall signes 26 Mesopotamia 194 Middle earth seas 143 Miles of diuers countries and their quantitie 56 Myllan 182 Minute what 25 Moabar 198 Moones age howe to finde it at all times 147. Moones shining euery month 149 What coste of the Moone make full Seas in the chefe costes of this our Ocean 151 Of Mone Eclipsed what is the cause 97 Figures of her Eclipses 98 Morfuli 198 Moscouia and the nature of the people 182 Mount Sinay 194 N NAplis 182 Neadle and his praise 160 Where it haue erred 160 How to correct it 161 Neptunus God of the seas 112. 159 Nicaea 191 Niniue 195 North Pole and his configuration 166 Norwich subiect to fire 174 Her picture set out 8 North windes cold and the cause 158 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Numidia and her chiefe places 187 O Ocean seas what 143 Olimpus a famous hill 44. 191 Oracles where geuen to the Gretians 184. Orchney Ilandes 171 Orontius 5 Obseruations of the Neadle where it haue erred 161 Ouides versis for the placing of the Sphere of the Sonne 11 The North Pole to be aboue the Horizont 37 The signes to ascend and descend equally vnder th' equinoctiall 32 The diuision of Zones 66 Oxford 174 P PAdua 182 Palus what 144 Pamphilia 191. Paris 189 Paradise where 82 Contention of the deuines touchinge it Loke in the praeface Pargamus 191. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 73 A Parallele what and their numbre 74 Their Table 78. 79 Persia. 195 Parthia eodem Peninsula what 113 Perticuler cardes made ij waies 115 Peru. 200 Phaenitia 193 Phaenix an hill 191 Philonicus what it signifieth 3 Places dictaunce how to find out 140. 141 Planets haue ij declinations 28 A plat forme what and how many waies spoken 55 Plato
9 His erroure in the placing of the luminares eodem A poynt what 55 Poynt vertical what 60 Pole of the Horizont 21. 60 Poles eleuation how to finde oute 91 92. 93. 94. 95. Polybius erroure touchinge the numbre of Zones 65 Pontus and her chiefe places 191 Porto sancto an Iland 188 Prasia 196 Printing first found where 181 Ptolomaeus 2 He first found out the. 9. heauen 12 His rule seruing to the obseruing of altitudes 88 He excused 118. 169 Pygmeans country 191 Physick who first found it oute 2 Pythagoras error touching vacuum 9 Pythia 184 Q QVadrate an instrumente of Nauigation 162 Qualitie of windes 158. 159 Quantitie of measures used in demensiō 56 Quiola 187 R REd seas 143. 194 Region elementary 40 The heauenly Regiō cōtein x. spheres 10 Regions gouerned of the signes and Planets 134 Regions Longitude how to find it out 103 Vnto 108 Regions Latitude how to find out 91 Vnto 95 Reward of learning in old time 111 Rome 182 Rio de grande 202 Rio. S. Iacobi eodem Rio de S. Lucia eodem Riqua the greater eodem Riqua the lesser eodem S SAmaria 194 Sardinia with her Cities and Townes eodem Sheubelius Algeber 5 Scotland and her description 174. 175 Scotora 198 Scythia without the hill Imaus 195 Seas and her diuision 143 Sepulcher of Mahomet 194 Shipmans Neadle whan it erre to correcte it 161 Shipmans compasse vnknowne to the olde Hydrographers 160 Shippe out of her course howe to come in it againe 166 Shadowes and ther diuersitie 69. 70 A Table of Shadowes 72 Sicilia an Iland with her chiefe places 176 Sidon 193 A signe what 25 Signes Meridionall 26 Signes Septentrionall eodem Sinus what 143 Smyrna 191 Snow ingendred where 42 Sogdiana 195 Somer Tropicke 33 Sonnes sphere in what order placed 11 Errours touchinge the same eodem The Sonne haue ij declinations 28. 93 A Table of his declination 31. 32 Whan he is in the tropick poyntes or Equinoctiall 53 Sonnes rising and settinge throughe all the yeare 148 South India 198 South Pole and his configuration 166 South windes hote and the cause 158 Sparades Ilandei 177 Spagnolla 202 Spaine and her description 177 Sphere what 14 Diuided in two partes 16 Shere haue x. Circles 18 Spoudaeus what it do the signifie 3 Spring tides 145 Strausborough 181 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what and wherof so called 56 Stagnum what 144 Sulphur where great plenty 175 Syria and her Cities 193 T TAble of fixed sterres 27 Table of the sonnes declination 31 Table of shadowes 72 Table of Climates 78. 79 Table for tourninge houres of the daye into degr min. of th' equinoctiall 104 Tabrobana 198 Terestriall globe 114 Theodosius 5 Thinges sene longer in mìnde then onlye harde 7 S. Thomas Iland 187 Tides both spring and ebbe 143 Ther cause 146 Time the greatest treasure 1 The frutes of time well spent 2 Time bring all thinges to perfection 3 Times of the yeare where they take theyr beginning 35 Time tedious 142 Times of ebbing and flowing 151 Tingitana mauritania 185 Trallis 191 Tropicke circles 33 Somer tropicke what eodem Winter Tropicke 34 Tyrus 193 V Venemous beastes and wormes not in Ireland 172 Africke abound therewith 184 Vertical poynt what 21. 60 Vesandrea 198 W Winter tropicke what 34 Windes what 153 And ther numbre 153. 154 Windes tēperat vnder th' equinoctial 159 World what it is 9 The world earth not oue thing eodem The world made of ij cartes 9 Z Zenit what 21. 60 Zodiacke what 22 Zodiakes vse 26 Zone what 63 Ther numbre 64 Ther qualities 66. 67. That they are all habitable 67. 68 Zones deuided into climats paralleles 73 FINIS Faultes escaped in the Imprinting Fol. 2. the vi lyne Ingens reade Engeins Fol. 25. th' eightene lyne goeth ouerthwart them read goeth ouerthwart the Sphere Fol. 69. the xxi lyne Zolstitii reade Solstitii Fol. 121. the last lyne whose compasse read whose compositiō is in this wise Describe a Circle with your compasse Fol. 189. the ii columbe the last lyne it exten reade it extendeth ¶ AN EXTRACTE OF THE QVENES highnes gracious Priuiledge Licence ELIZABETH by the grace of God Quene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendour of the faith c. To all maner of Printers Booke sellers and other our Officers Ministers and subiectes greatyng VVe do you to vnderstand that of our grace especiall we haue graunted geuen priuiledge and licence And by these presentes for vs our heyres and successors do graunt and gyue Priuiledge and Lycence vnto our welbeloued subiect Iohn Day of the citie of London Printer and Stationer and to his assignes for the terme of his life to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted as well the Cosmographicall Glasse compiled by VVilliam Cuningham Doctor in Physicke as also durynge the tyme of vij yeares all suche Bookes and workes as he hath Imprinted or herafter shall Imprint being diuised compiled or set out by any learned man at the procurement costes charge only of the said Iohn Day Straitly forbiddyng and commaunding by these presentes all and singuler our subiectes as well Printers Bookesellers as all other persons within our Realmes Dominions what so euer they be in any maner of wise to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted any of the aforesaid Bookes that the said Iohn Day shall by authoritie of this our licence imprint or cause to be imprinted or any part of them But onely the said Iohn Day and his assignes vpon payne of our hyghe indignation And that euery offendor therin shall forfaite to our vse fourtie shillinges of lawfull money of Englande for euery such Book or Bookes at any time so Printed contrary to the true meanyng of this oure present Licence and Priuiledge Ouer and besides all suche Booke or Bookes so Printed to be forfayted to whom so euer shall sustayne the charges sue the sayd forfaiture in our behalfe c. Geuen at our Palice of VVestminster the xxviii day of October the firste yeare of our Reigne ¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Day dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneath Saint Martins 1559. Men happiest Time the grea test treasure Men most infortunate Why men in our age ar not so learned as thei wer in old tyme. The frute sprī ging of well spent tyme. What Spoudaeus signifieth The interpretation of Philonicus The olde wryters excused Arithmetick and Geometry necessary for this art Orontius Scheubelius Euclide Theodosius What Cosmographie is Lib. 1. cap. 1. What Geographie is The diference of Cosmographie and Geographie What Chorographie is and howe it difereth from the other two Thinges seene are lenger in mynde then only harde Cosmographie excelleth Geographie and Chorographie The argumēt of the whole worke Lib. primo in initio What the Worlde is Aristotle The Worlde and the earth not one thing Pythagoras error Plato Aristotle The Worlde made of two partes The number of the heauens An obiection Ptolomaeus Alphraganus Tebitius Archimedes Lib. 2.
Metamorphos The error of Crates Albetragnius Democritus and Plato The AegiptiaÌ„s found out but 8. heauens Ptolomaeus found out the 9. heauen Alfonsus first founde the. 10 heauen out Theodosius Proclus Euclide Orontius Iohn Halifax Lib. 1. prop. 1. What a ceÌ„ter is Lib. 1. prop. 3. What the axe tree is What a diameter is and how it difereth from thâ—… axe tree aforsayd The spheare is taken two wayes A right sphere The poles of the worlde what thei are An oblique or croked sphere Lib. 1. defi 14. How a sphere and a Circle differ The principall circles in the Sphere of the world are x. in numbre What the Ho rizont is A question Th' answere An obiection Th' aunswere The Horizont deuided into two partes A right Horizont A croked Ho rizont What the Me ridian is * Zenit is that point or prick imagined to be directly ouer our heades is alwaye 90. degrees froÌ„ the East South Weast and North. Lib. 1. prop. 3. Antipodes What th' quinoctiall is Lib. 9. What the zodiack is * This lyne is called the ecliptick becau se in it is the coÌ„tinual course of the SoÌ„ne and that all Eclypses as well of him as of the mone can not be but in this lyne What a signe is What a degre is What a minute is Septemtrional signes Meridionall signes The vse of the zodiack Euery Planet haue two decli nations The diuersitie of the Sonnes declinatioÌ„ froÌ„ Ptolomaeus time vnto our age How to finde out by Instrument the Sonnes DeclinatioÌ„ What the som mer tropick is What the winter Tropick is The foure tymes of the yeare whereof they take beginning What the two coloures are What the are ticke circle is What the An tarctickcircle is Lib. 2. Geor. Li. 2. Theor. â—… Lactantius petulancie Why sum Circles are called greater and some lesser Th' other part of the diuision of the worlde Why ther can be but iiij Ele mentes Lib. 2. de gene ratione Lib. primo de Coelo A generall maior The situation place of th' Elementes Th' Aere deuidid into thre Regions Where Cometes and blasing Sterres are ingendred Where Haile and Snow is ingendred What th'Erth is Diuersitie of opinions touching th'Erth his fourme An obiection against the round fourme of th' Earth These Hilles are the greatest in all the Earch * This is the fa mous Hill of which Poëtes so muche intreate in the top of whiche the Gentils builded an aul ter making to Iuppiter Sacrifice Th'answere to the first obiection Th' earth is a stone The 2. obiectioÌ„ Th'answere In lib. 1. de Mundo Example of ij Eclipses of the Moone Ptolomaeus Cleomedes Philo. Aristotle E. Reignholt Orontius WhaÌ„ the SoÌ„ne is in the Tropick of Capricorne In both Aequi noctiall pointes In the Tropick of Cancer what is taught in this seconde Booke What DimeÌ„tion is What a Point is What a Lyne is What a Plat fourme is What a Body is Lib. 2. cap. 23. Natura hist. Heluetian mi les The quantitie of an Englishe mile Longitude taken two waies Ptolomaeus Hercules Pillers In Prologo li. 2. Geographiae What Latitud is Glarianus errour Howe to finde out the Circuit of th' Earth * The verticall Poynte Zenit or Pole of the Horizont is so much distance from the Equinoctiall how much the Pole is eleuated aboue the HorizoÌ„t And like as the meridian euer do describe the Northe and Southe costes so dothe the verticall Parallele the East and West An example Diuersitie of opinions touching th' earth his circuit What a Zone is Parmenides Possidomus The burning zone Temperate zones FroseÌ„ Zones Polybius error 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An obiection Lib. 1. Metamorphos The Answer Ptolomaeus Auicenna Vesputius Columbus Erasmus Reignholt Amphiscij Ascij hath two Somers two Winters lib. 9. Libro 9. Lib. 2. cap. 4. Heteroscij Antipodes Lib. 3. Periscij How a Zone a Climate differ Ptolomaeus de uision of Climates What a Parallele is South Climates The quantitie of climates Paralleles South Paralle les Antipodes Auicenna Auicenna defended Aphoris 3. proposi â—… Pardaise where Lira Eratosthenes Polybius Hell where In Agamemnone To finde out the Meridian Line after Glarians maner The seconde way The. iij waye The iiij way The v. way To finde the Noonesteade Line by night GazophilacioÌ„ AstronomicuÌ„ To finde oute th' eleuation of the Pole aboue the Horizont An obseruation Fol. 31. 32. The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ north The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ south The third way The. 4. way The Astronomie â–ª Ringe Lib. 1. fol. 6. Atreus found first oute the time of Eclipses Aristotle The cause of the mone Eclipsed Howe to finde the Longitude of Regions by an Eclypse How to turne the houres of the daye into degrees minuces An obseruation of an Eclipse Apians waye to find out the Longitude of places Iacobes staffe Fol. 27. Whan the Mone is West of the Starre What is to be wrought WhaÌ„ the mone is Easte of the Sterre An example Another way The principall part of Cosmographie The noble rewarde of learnyng in times paste Neptunus Aeolus Ceres What an Ilande is Peninsula Isthmus Continent An objection against the te restriall Globe Th'Answere A particuler carde made ij waies The argument of the thirdâ—… booke The maner of making a perticuler Carte for any RegioÌ„ Ptolomaeus ex cused An example Cosmographicall Glasse The making of a Carde conteininge the whole Earthe ♈ ♂ ♉ ♀ ♊ ☿ ♋ ☽ ♌ ☉ ♠☿ ♎ ♀ ♠♂ ♠♃ ♑ ♄ â™’ ♄ ♓ ♃ To make a Carte without knowing LoÌ„gitude Latitude The Geographicall plaine Sphere Th' Angle of sight Th' Angle of sight A perfit Angle To finde the distaunce in miles of diuers places Howe to finde the distaunce of places Time tedious Th' Ocean sea Sinus what it here signifieth Mare mediteâ—… ranium The red Seas Mare Mortuâ—… Mare Cagelasum What Fretum iâ—… What Lacus is What Stagnum is What Palus is The cause of spring ebbe tides Li. 3. de Dieb decret cap. 2. An obiection Th'answere The cause of Ebbyng and flowing How at all tymes to finde th'age of the Moone An example Th'Epacte To know howe loÌ„g the Moone doth shine euery night An example An example How to know th'exacte time of ebbinge and flowyng An example What the winde is Foure Principall windes Marcus Manilius The Horizont parted into 32 partes The number of windes infinite North windes colde South windes hote An obiection Th'Answere Windes temperate vnder th'eqninoctiall A question Th'Answere Vlisses Diomedes Aneas Neptunus Aeolus The compasse vnknowen to th' olde Hydre graphers The praise of the neadle Obseruations of the nedle where it hath erred How to correcte the nedle Fol. 91. 92. 93. 94. Howe to direct a shippe to any Porte How to know in what place they are beyng driuen from theyr course Fol. 77. 78.