for Land then without doubt you shall land in such a place as your Instrument good gessing shewe you To learne to knowe all courses and strokes perfectly by hart to that end you must take the printed Carde and read it oftentymes over and everie course stroke which you finde to meet you must place togither as from Cape Finistere to Cisarga the West-coast of England the Coast of Flanders the Coast of Freesland of Hartshals to Schagen and such like The like you must doe with the tydes to wete you must note all the places where the Mone maketh a high water upon any point or stroke of the Compasse by each other in a Register as in the table of the tydes hereafter enseuing you may see and he that doth so without doubt shall doe all things right and perfectly and shall beare about him al the experience and knowledge of Seafaring needful necessarie which no man in the world can take from or bereave him of CHAP. XXII Of the Water-tydes and how a man shall reckon them perfectly by the Moone VVee have hereunto added certaine tables of the Water-tydes as they are commonly used by Pilots wherein is shewed upon what pointes or strokes of the Compasse the Moone must be before it maketh a high water in any of the places set down in the tables but you must understand that you must not take or reckon such strokes or pointes according to our common Compasse lying flat or driving water-compasse but onely the north south pointes for they must be esteemed not after the Horizon or Kimmen but according to the flatte or superficiall part of the Aequinoctiall Therefore if you will take the Sonne or Moone by or with the common Compasse then you must lift up the side of the Compasse so much that the corner thereof may stand right against the Aequinoctiall that the pinne in the middle showeth right to the Pole and so you may take the Sonne or Moone thereafter which will be a great difference from a Compasse that lyeth flatte for at the height of fiftie degrees or there aboutes and the Sonne being in Cancer in his highest signe that is in the highest declination it will be half an houre before eight of the clocke before it commeth into the East and half an houre before five before it come into the West If you take it by a flatte Compasse that is he goeth from East to West in nine houres and againe from West to East in 15 houres At the height of thirtie degrees he commeth first a litle before half an houre past nine into the East a litle before half an houre past two into the West so that in lesse then five houres and an half he goeth from East to West full eighteene houres and an half before he commeth againe from West to East and seeing that the Moone some times makes his declination five degrees more northerly then the Sonne so it may chance that the Moone may goe an houre more faster from the East into the West then the Sonne so that he that will alwaise take the Sonne or Moone by our coÌ„mon Compasse shall often tymes much deceive him self if he should reckon his tides thereafter whether it were requisite to stoppe any tides or to enter into any havens to prevent that I have in the tables enseuing noted upon what houre and minute the Moone coÌ„meth upon such pointes whereby the floodes are ruled wherein onely it is necessarie to knowe the age of the Moone that is how many tydes are past from the tyme of the new or ful Moone for the first part of the table sheweth the age of the Moone everie day that is how many dayes are past since the new or full Moone The second part of the table sheweth the houre and minutes when the Moone upon the same dayes commeth to the same stroke as you may see on the toppe thereof and right against it standeth the places where the Moone then maketh a high Water As for example the Moone being 8 dayes old I would know when it will be southwest or northeast then I looke for the point of southwest and in the first columne of cyfers standing under it I tell eight downwards or looke into the place where 8 standeth and against it in the second columne I find 9 houres 24 minutes and at such a tyme it is then high water in the places that are noted downe right against it as at Amsterdam Rotterdam c. or there a southwest or northeast Moone makes a full Sea Heere follow the tables of the Water-tydes South and North. da hou mi.  Falling of streames upon the same stroke 0 12 0 At the Iuttish Ilandes Before the Hever Eyder and Elve Before Emden Delfziel Before Enchuysen Horne and Vrck Vpon all the coasts of Flanders Vpon the Foreland At Dover in the Pier. At Bevesier on the Land At Hantom on the Kaye Before Sierenbergh and the Ras of Blanckaert At Olfeâ—snes In the Conduit At Iubleter in the Rode 1 12-48 2 1 36 3 2 24  4 3 12  5 4 0 From the Nesse to Beunen 6 4 48 7 5-36 8 6-24  9 7-12  10 8-0  11 8 48  12 9 36  13 10-24  14 11 12   15 12 0   South-south-west and North-north-east da hou mi.  Falling of Streames upon the same stroke 0 1 30 Vnder Holy-land Before the Mase and Goeree Before the Veere At Armuyen Vpon the Vlack before Rammekens Before the Wielings On the Zeeuse Coasts Before the Thames of London Before Iarmouth In Duyns on the Rode Neare the Cingle On the West ende of Wight Without Calis and Swartenes In Blavet Bulline at the Land 1 2-18 2 3-6  3 3 54  4 4-42 From Grevelingen to Beunen 5 5 30 6 6-18 7 7-6  8 7-54  9 8-42  10 9 30  11 10 18  12 11 6  13 11-54  14 12-42   15 1 30   South-by-west and North-by-east da hou mi.  Falling of Streames upon the same stroke 0 12 45  1 1 33  2 2 21   3 3 9 Within the Mase Within the Veer At Flusshing Near Bevesier in Sea In the Chamber At Winckle-Sea In Garnzea  4 3 57 From Beunen to the SoÌ„me Also froÌ„ Estaples to Beunen 5 4 45 6 5 33 7 6 21 8 7 9 9 7-57   10 8 45   11 9-33   12 10-21   13 11 9   14 11 57   15 12 45   South-west-by-south and North-east-by-north da hou mi.  Falling of Streames upon the same stroke 0 2-15  1 3 3 Without Fontenay Without Blavet Vnder Bulline Before the Wielinge Before the Mase 2 3 51  3 4-39 Amidst through the Hoofden FroÌ„ Dunkerck to Greveling FroÌ„ Stapels to Fecam From Dortmout to Exmout 4 5 27 5 6-15 6 7-3  7 7-51
2-30 6 3-18 7 4-6 8 4-54 9 5-42  10 6 30  11 7-18  12 8 6  13 8-54   14 9-42   15 10-30   North-west-by-north and South-east-by-south da deg mi.  Falling of streames upon the same stroke 0 9 45  1 10-33 The Needles of Wight In the Chanell by Wight The Kiscasses At Garnsea in the Chanel Nere Leytstaffe Yarmouth without the banckes At Der Gouwe At the Wolfshorne 2 11-21  3 12-9 Before Concallo Before the Iland of S. Michanel in the Wyck 4 12 57 5 1-45 6 2-33 7 3-21 8 4-9 9 4-57   10 5-45   11 6-33   12 7-21   13 8 9   14 8-57   15 9-45   North-by-west and South-by-east da hou mi.  Falling of streames upon the same stroke 0 11-15 Betweene Cripplesand and the Kreyl Within at Olfersnes At Hantom At Portchmouth at Wolfershorne At Calveroort in Wight before the haven of Caen. Within the Thames of London 1 12-3 2 12-51  3 1-39 From S. Matthewes point unto Backovens From Fontenay to S. Matthewes point 4 2-27 5 3-15 6 4 3 7 7-51 8 5-39 9 6-27   10 7-15   11 8-3   12 8-51   13 9-39   14 10-27   15 11-15   CHAP. XXIII How you shall finde the tyme of the new and ful Moone THe former Tables of the Water-tydes are unprofitable not to be used when the age of the Moone is not known and therefore we have hereunto added an Almanack for the next tenne yeeres one enseuing the other wherein you may perfectly finde when it is a new or full Moone and also the just tyme of the quarters Which to understand you must first knowe that all Astronomers reckon the day from one noone tyme to another and to that ende reckon from one noone to the noone next after enseuing 24 houres which custome also is observed in these Almanacks thereby to shewe the difference betweene forenoone and afternoone But to finde the tyme of the newe Moone or full Moone or of the quarters then note first that there are two parts of the Almanacke noted with figures the first shewing the daye of the Moneth standing against it whereon the Moone is new full or in the quarters The second sheweth the houre and minutes of the same day which perfectly to understand I will manifest by an example Example Anno 1612 I desire to know in the moneth May when it will be full Moone to that ende I looke into the Almanack of Anno 1612 in the moneth May there I finde the full Moone upon the 14 day at 9 of the clock 38 minutes that is at 9 in the night but the new Moone in the same Month is the 29 day 22 houres and 33 minutes that is so many houres after noone of that day and therefore if you tell from the said noone 22 houres 33 minutes then you will finde that it shall be upon the 30 day at 10 of the clock and 33 minutes before noone But to know upon what day of the weeke it is you must first know the Sondayes letter for the yeere-and also with what letter everie moneth beginnes the Sondayes letter you shall finde noted under everie severall yeeres Almanack The Leape yeeres have 2 Sondayes or Dominicall letters the first is used untill the 25 day of Februarie the other from the 25 of Februarie unto the ende of the yeere but with what letter each moneth beginneth that you shall finde in this table enseuing Ianuarie beginneth with A Februarie D March D Aprill G May B Iune E Iulie beginneth with G August C September F October A November D December F If then you will know upon what day of the weeke the aforesaid 14 day of May falleth then reckon upon the line of letters standing hereunder beginning at the first B because May beginneth with B to the number of 14 then your number that you reckon will ende upon A but for that Anno 1612 is a Leap yeere and hath 2 Dominicall letters to were A G. then as aforesaid from the 25 of Februarie you shall use the last which in this is G. and for that your reckoning falles upon A that is a day after G which is Sonday then the 14 of May will be upon a Munday If you looke in the moneths of Ianuarie or October you must reckon from the first A for those moneths begin with A and Aprill and Iune with G and so forth a b c d e f g a b c d e f g a b c d e f g a b c d e f g a b c d e f g a b. Heere followeth the Almanack for 10 yeeres calculated upom the Meridian of Amsterdam Nâ—â—â—â—â— The Almanack for the Yeere 1611. Newe stile  Moone da ho. m. Ianuarie last quarter 5 11. 2 new moone 13 14. 17 first quarter 21 10. 58 full moone 28 1. 56 Februarie last quarter 4 4. 19 new moone 12 8. 43 first quarter 19 21. 19 full moone 26 12. 48 March last quarter 5 23. 20 new moone 14 0. 49 first quarter 21 4. 43 full moone 28 0. 22 Aprill last quarter 4 18. 43 new moone 12 13. 53 first quarter 19 10. 18 full moone 26 13. 0 May. last quarter 4 13. 2 new moone 12 0. 16 first quarter 18 15. 57 full moone 26 2. 27 Iune last quarter 3 5. 37 new moone 10 8. 40 first quarter 16 22. 52 full moone 24 17. 17 Iulie last quarter 2 19. 57 new moone 9 15. 54 first quarter 16 8. 15 full moone 24 8. 20 August last quarter 1 7. 28 new moone 7 23. 12 first quarter 14 20. 42 full moone 22 23. 43 last quarter 30 16. 39 September new moone 6 7. 15 first quarter 13 12. 19 full moone 21 15. 6 last quarter 29 5. 0 October new moone 5 16. 48 first quarter 13 6. 37 full moone 21 5. 39 last quarter 28 6. 21 November new moone 4 5. 3 first quarter 12 2. 38 full moone 19 19. 0 last quarter 26 13. 20 December new moone 3 20. 3 first quarter 11 23. 5 full moone 19 7. 5 last quarter 25 22. 7 In this Yere 1611 the Golden number is 16. The circle of the Sonne 24. Dominical letter B. The Romane Indiction 9. The Epact 16. After-winter 7 weekes 1 daye Quadragesima Februarie 20. Easter day 3 of April Assention day the 12 of May. Whitsonday the 22 of May. Advent the 27 of November This yeere there shall be 2 Eclipses of the Sonne which shall not be seene above our Horizon The Almanack for the yeere 1612. New stile  Moone da ho. m. Ianuarie new moone 2 13. 45 first quarter 10 18. 10 full moone 17 17. 58 last quarter 24 9. 46 Februarie new moone 1 8. 46 first quarter 9 10. 28 full moone 16 4. 1 last quarter 23 0. 0 March new moone 2 3. 29
built although without ground or true foundation A BREEF AND SHORT INTRODVCTION FOR THE vnderstanding of the Celestiall Sphaere as farre as it concerneth the Art of Seafaring CHAPT I. Of the two Poles of the World THe Earth with the Waters making both together a perfect and just round Globe the which all Mathematicians by good and infallible reasâ—ns confirme as also by experience it is found so to be This Globe the Everlasting and Almightie God hath firmely placed in the middle of the world as a center or middle point thereof hath so placed the Heavens as a hollowe Globe with so unmeasurable wydenes round about the same that the distance thereof is equally set and separated from the earth in all places alike like unto the compas of a circle which is equally drawne and separated from the middle point thereof and hath so ordayned that every 24 howres it is caried about the world by the which dayly motion it draweth with it all the heavenly lights as the Sonne Moone and all the starres the which also by that meanes everie 24 howres are carried round about the whole World as it is dayly seen This moveing or stirring of the heavens is performed upon two sure fast pointes that stand directly each against other in such manner as if a bale should be turned round upon two pinnes as upon an axeltree So suppose that you see a straight line stretching out from one of the aforesayd pointes of the heavens to the other like to an axeltree the same is it that passeth right through the center that is through the middle of the earth this line is called the Axeltree of the world and the two pointes aforesayd the Poles or Axeltree pointes of the World the one named the North the other the South Pole Now that this may be the better understood I wil declare it by this figure CHAP. II. Of the Equinoctiall Line THe whole circle of the Heavens is devyded into 360 degrees or steppes whereby by the foresayd Chapter wee may perceave that the two poles are distant one from the other 180 degrees that is half the circle of the Heavens Right in the middle between both the Poles we suppose a circle to be placed which we call the Equinoctiall Line or the Equator and is so called for that whensoever the Sonne cometh to this circle the day and night is of one length throughout all the World This circle is in all places equally distant from both the Poles of the World to wit 90 degrees devideth the Heavens in two equal partes whereof the one reacheth northward and is called the North-part the other southward and is called the South-part as it is plainly seen in the foresaid Globe or Figure where you see the circle E C the Equinoctiall Line standing just of one length from the Poles B D deviding the Heavens into two equall partes as the North-part E B C and the South-part E D C. CHAP. III. Of the Tropikes and Zodiacke THree and twentie degrees 31 ½ minutes northward from the Equinoctiall Line there is a circle supposed to be which is called Tropicus Cancri or the course of the Sonne in Cancer for that when the Sonne cometh by course unto that circle he beginneth to turne again towards the Equinoctiall And likewise 23 degrees 31 ½ minutes southward from the Equinâ—ctiall Line there is another circle supposed to be which is called Tropicus Capricorni or the course of the Sonne in Capricornus for that when the Sonne in winter tyme cometh to this circle he beginneth again to turne unto the Equinoctiall These two circles goe round about the Heavens and are equally distant from the Equinoctiall But how in what manner toucheth the Sonne in his course once in Sommer another tyme in Winter those two circles It happeneth thus we suppose a great circle to be in the Heavens wherein the Sonne holdeth his course which lyeth thwart-wise over the Equinoctiall that is the one half northward the other half southward in such manner that in the place where he goeth most northward from the Equinoctiall Line there he entreth into Tropicus Cancri and where he goeth most southward from the Equinoctiall Line there he entreth into Tropicus Capricorni The two pointes or places where he goeth or cutteth over the Equinoctiall stand right over against each other so that both the Equinoctiall and these two circles are devided into two equall parts which pointes are called the one the Equinoictall in Lent and the other the Equinoctiall in Harvest which by the Figure enseweing more playnely appeareth Example Let A be the Earth B C D the Heaven E F C G the Equinoctiall B the North-pole D the South-pole and the Line B A D the Axeltree of the World as aforesayd Then the Circle K L is Tropicus Cancri lying northward from the Equinoctial Line the circle H I Tropicus Capricorni southward from the Equinoctiall Line K F I G is the great Circle wherein the Sonne hath his continuall course lying crosse-wise over the Equinoctial reaching northward beyond the Line to Tropicus Cancri in K and southward beyond the Line to Tropicus Capricorni in I. The Equinoctiall in Lent is F and the Equinoctiall in Harvest is G in the places where this Circle the Eqvinoctiall cutt or passe through each other This Circle is commonly called the Zodiack although the right name therof is the Eclipticke Line or the passage of the SoÌ„ne being the right middle part of the Zodiack for the Zodiack it self is a Circle almost 20 degrees broad that is on each side of this Circle or passage of the Sonne 10 degrees This Circle aforesayd is devided into 12 even partes each part having a proper signe belonging unto it everie signe hath 30 degrees so that the whole Circle as all other Circles doe conteyneth 360 degrees The names of the signes are Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpius Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius and Pisces and these are placed in this manner Aries beginneth where the Equator the Zodiack cut or passe through each other in the Equinoctiall of Lent and follow in order as aforesayd so that the beginning of Cancer is just at Tropicus Cancri Libra on the other side beginneth where the Equator the Zodiack cut or passe through each other againe in the Equinoctiall of Harvest and the beginning of Capricornus is just where the Zodiacke or Eclipticke Line toucheth Tropicus Capricorni and so forth CHAP. IIII. Of the course of the Sonne IN this Zodiack or Ecliptick Line aforsayd the middle point of the Sonne hath his course without once going out of it passing through it everie yeare once that is everie moneth through one signe and everie day almost a degree Upon the 20 of March stilo novo and the 10 of March stilo vechio when the dayes nights are just of one length throughout al the World then the Sonne entreth into the
upon the 24 of Ianuarie stilo novo at ten of the clocke at night The 23 of Februarie at eight of the clocke at night The 28 of March at six of the clock at night The 30 of Aprill at foure of the clocke in the eavening The 30 of May at two of the clocke after noone The 28 of Iune at twelve of the clocke at noone even with the Sonne The 28 of Iulie at ten of the clocke before noone The 29 of August at eight of the clocke before noone The 1 of October at six of the clocke in the morning The 2 of November at foure of the clocke in the morning The 1 of December at two of the clocke in the morning The 28 of December at twelve of the clocke at night Whereby everie man may easily reckon at what howre and tyme this Starre is south everie day in the yeere as well in the day tyme when you can not see it as in the night when we may see it And if you desire to knowe the like touching all the rest of the fixed Starres upon everie day in the yeere then marke what was sayd before upon what howre of the day before set downe the great Dogge commeth into the south and then by the tables hereafter following touching the declination of the Starres marke how long tyme the Starre you seeke for cometh into the south before or after the great Dogge and by that meanes you shall finde the just and perfect tyme that you desire Heere followeth the Table of the Declination of the fixed Starres withall shewing at what tyme each of them comes into the south and how you shall knowe them The Twinnes The south or lowest Head thereof cometh 54 minutes after the great Dogge into the south and is declined northward 28 degrees 54 min. The clearest in the Foote commeth a quarter of an houre before the great Dogge into the south his declination is sixteene degrees and 40 minutes northward Canis minor or the Litle Dogge called Canicula Procyon The litle Dogge called Canicula Canicula hath three Starres in forme as they are heere figured Procyon the clearest of them commeth 50 minutes after the great Dogge into the south his declination is 6 degr 11 min. northward from the Line The Water Snake Hydra The Harte or the clearest of the Water-snake commeth after Syrius or the great Dogge two houres Cor Hydra 40 minutes into the south his declination is southward from the Line sixe degrees and nine-and-fiftie minutes and sheweth it self with such smale Starres as are here figured whereby he is easily knowne The Lyon The second or the Neck of the Lyon commeth three houres thirtie minutes after the great Dogge into the south and is declyned northward from the Line one-and-twentie degrees and 48 minutes The Backe of the Lyon commeth after the great Dogge into the south 4 houres 26 minutes his declination is northward from the Line 22 degrees and 40 minutes The Tayle of the Lyon coÌ„meth foure houres after the great Dogge into the south his declination is 16 degrees Cauda Leonis and 46 minutes northward from the Line Virgo or the Maide After that followeth Virgo VIRGO Cingulum Virginis wherof the most principal clearest Starres shewe themselves as they are here figured the Virgins Gerdle commeth into the south six houres and 12 minutes after the great Dogge his declination is five degrees and 34 minutes northward from the Line That in the north Wing is called Vindemiatrix commeth sixe howres and sixteene minutes after the great Dogge into the south his declination is northward from the Line 13 deg 5 min. The Corne-eare Spica Virginis Spica-Virginis commeth 6 houres and 36 miminutes after the great Dogge into the south his declination is 9 degrees and 4 minutes southward from the Line Bootes the Clowne Seaven houres 30 minutes after Syrius the clearest Starre of the Clowne Bootes commeth into the south and standeth between his thighes in forme with some others as in this figure is declared and is called Arcturus Arcturus his declination is one-and-twentie degrees and sixteene minutes northward North Crowne After Bootes followeth the North Crowne having the forme almost of a circle as it is here set down in figure Corona Ariadnâ— by Sea-faring men is called the Hospital when in clear weather there are certaine cleare Starres seen therein they are called Sicke-men the greatest clearest of them commeth 8 houres 48 minutes after Canis major into the south his declinatioÌ„ is 28 deg 4 min. northward from the Line The Waightes Libra The South-ballance coÌ„meth 8 houres after the great Dog into the south his declinatioÌ„ is souhward froÌ„ the Line 14 degreees 20 minutes The North-ballance commeth 8 houres 48 minutes after the great Dogge into the south his declination is 7 degrees 52 minutes southward from the Line The Scorpion Scorpius After that followeth the ScorpioÌ„ as this figure sheweth SCORPIVS the Starre most northward in the Fore-head coÌ„meth 9 houres 15 min. after the great Dog into the south his declination is eighteene degrees and fortie minutes southward The Hart of the Scorpion called Antares Antares commeth nine houres eight-and-thirtie minutes after Syrius into the south Cor Scorpiâ— his declination is five-and-twentie degrees seven-and-twentie minutes southward from the Line The Snake bearer and Hercules The head of the Snake-bearer commeth tenne howres 48 minutes after Syrius into the south his declination is 12 degrees 56 min. northward from the Line Caput Herculis Hercules head standing by the Snake-bearers head cometh 20 minutes before it into the south and is declined northward fourteen degrees 55 minutes Lyra. Vultur Cadens After that followeth Lyra as you see it figured in this place the greatest with 2 smale ones by it by Seafaring men is called the Threestale the lightest and clearest Starre of Lyra cometh 11 howres and 55 minutes after the great Dogge or which is all one 12 howres and 5 minutes before him into the south his declination is eight and thirtie degrees and eight and twentie minutes northward from the Line The Eagle The Eagle sheweth himself as this figure declareth the clearest of them Vultur volâ—ns Aquila that is the middlemost of the three cometh therteen houres after the great Dogge or eleven howres before him into the south his declination is seven degrees five and fiftie minutes northward from the Line The Swanne The north Wing cometh 13 howres 4 minutes after the Dogge into the south his declination is 44 degrees and 13 minutes northward The south Wing cometh 14 howres after the great Dogge into the south his declination is 32 degr 32 min. northward The lightest and clearest of the Swanne Cauda Cygni which standeth in the tayle cometh 14 howres after the great Dogg or 10 howres before him into the south his declination is 43 degrees and 55 minutes northward from the Line Capricornus The Starre most southerly and clearest of the
two that haue most light in the Hornes of Capricornus Capricornus standing as is here shewed in the figure commeth 13 houres 30 minutes after the great Dog into the south his declination is southward from the Line 15 degrees 56 minutes The Flying Horse The Flying-horse called Pegasus Pegasus is seene in the Heavens as it standeth figured in this place the Starre in the mouth commeth 14 houres and 56 minutes after or 9 houres 4 minutes before the great Dogge into the south his declination is 8 degrees and 7 minutes northward from the Line That which standeth upō the right Hippe or the right Legge called Scheat Scheat commeth 16 houres 16 minutes after the great Dogge or 7 houres and 44 minutes before him into the south his declinatiō is 26 deg lesse one min. northward from the Line Even at the same tyme also the first or formost Starre in the Wing called Marcab Marcab commeth into the south his declination is 13 degrees and 8 minutes northward The last in the Wing of Pegasus commeth 16 houres and 44 minutes after the great Dogge or 7 houres and 16 minutes before it into the south his declination is 13 degrees and 1 minute northward from the Line Andromedaes Head with Pegasus starres making a great quadrangle or square The Head of Andromeda whereby it is easie to be knowne commeth after the great Dogge into the south 17 houres and 24 minutes or 6 houres 36 minutes before him his declination is 26 degrees and 57 minutes northward from the Line Andromeda That in the south foot commeth 4 houres 48 minutes before the great Dogg into the south his declination is fortie degrees sixe-and-twentie minutes northward from the Line The Starre called Fomahant Fomohant standeth a great distance full south from the Flying-horse in the uttermost part of the water running from Aquarius it is a great and a cleare Starre commeth 16 houres and 6 minutes after Syrius or seven houres and 44 minutes before into the south his declination is 31 degrees and 36 minutes southward from the Line Caetus the Whale 24 min. after that cōmeth the Starr that is most southward into the south his declination is southward from the Line 20 deg 12 minutes Right northward followeth the cleare Star in Perseus Perseus in this forme which cōmeth before Syrius into the south 3 houres and an half his declination is northward 48 degrees and 24 minutes Auriga Erichthonius The right Shoulder goeth seven-and-fiftie minutes before the great Dogge into the south and is declined northward 44 degrees and fiftie minutes The Right Foot which also is called the North-horne of Taurus goeth one houre and 22 minutes before the great Dogge through the south his declination is 28 degrees and 12 minutes northward The Gyant The right-shoulder commeth 58 minutes before the great Dog into the south and hath 7 degrees and 16 minutes northerly declination The great cleare Starre in the Left-foot called Regel Regel goeth one houre 32 minutes before the great Dogge through the south his declination is southward from the Line 8 degrees and 42 minutes The first of the three Starres in the Girdle which are called the three Kinges Three Kinges goeth one houre and 16 minutes before Syrius through the south his declination is 39 minutes southward from the Line Foure minutes after that commeth the second or middlemost into the south his southerly declination is just a degr an half Nine minutes after the first commeth the third or the last of the three Kinges into the south his declination is southward from the Line two degrees and 12 minutes These three Kinges stand alwayes and appeare a litle above the great Dogge on the one side whereby they are well to be knowne Heere after followe some Starres which showe themselves in the north therefore by some are called North-starres The Starre most southerly of the Fore-wheeles commeth into the north at the highest or right above the Pole five houres five minutes after the great Dogge is past the south his declination five-and-fiftie degrees and 54 minutes northward from the Line and standeth from the Pole four-and-thirtie degrees and sixe minutes The Fore-wheele that is most north followeth three-an-twētie minutes after the other to the highest his declination is nine-and-fiftie degrees and 12 minutes and standeth above the Pole 30 degrees and 48 minutes The Horse next to the Wagon commeth at the highest into the north six houres eight minutes after that the great Dogge is past through the south and it is eight-and-fiftie degrees and seven minutes declined northward standeth from the Pole 31 degrees and 53 minutes The middlemost Horse cōmeth half an houre after the other to the highest his declination is just seven-and fiftie degrees It standeth therefore 33 degrees from the Pole The formost or uttermost Horse of the Wagon commeth to the highest 7 houres and 4 minutes after that Syrius is gone through the south his declination is one-and-fiftie degrees and nineteene minutes and standeth from the Pole eight-and-thirtie degrees and one-and-fortie minutes The middlemost and the clearest of the Wayters is declined northward five-and-seventie degrees and one-and-fiftie minutes and standeth from the Pole 14 degrees and 9 minutes NOTA. Touching the north-starre her declination and how it is to be used with the Watchers is hereafter described Cassiopea Half an houre after that followeth the Brest called Schedir Schedir his declination is 54 degrees 24 minutes it standeth therefore from the Pole 35 degrees and 36 minutes Fifteene minutes after that followeth the Starre upon the Hippe which is declined 58 degrees and 36 minutes so that it standeth from the Pole 31 degrees and 24 minutes Seven-and-twentie minutes later followeth the Starre upon the Knee his declination is 58 degrees 10 minutes and standeth from the Pole 31 degrees and 50 minutes NOTA. You must understand that whensoever these aforsayd North-starres come into the north at the highest above the Pole that just 12 houres after they come at the lowest right under it CHAP. VIII How to finde the houres of the night at all tymes of the Yeere IN the Chapter before it is shewed how a man at all tymes of the yeere shall perfectly know at what houre the Starres as wel by day as by night come into the south or the north Now it is necessarie with all to knowe how a man by night shal knowe and finde out what houre it is Whereunto such an Instrument as hereafter is set downe is verie requisite whereof you may make the like or els you may prepare this for the purpose in manner hereafter following the undermost and greatest Rondel and peece whereon the twelve moneths are marked you must cleave upon a plaine round bord so that as in this Figure the first of September be set right under and the 27 of Februarie right over and right in the center or middle make a round hole wherin you may put a
reasonable wodden pinne or coper nayle which within must be hollowe like a pipe The other Peece whereon the houres are marked you must cleave upon another board or peece of pastboard and in the middle thereof also make another hole which may goe over the nayle winde about it Lastly make a Ruler of woode or coper as the figure sheweth you with a hole also that it may winde about the hollow nayle but you must looke that the one end of the Rule doth reach or stand right upon the middle of the hole of the hollowe nayle that is upon the center of the whole Instrument The Instrument being thus prepared if you desire to knowe what houre it is of the night by the Starres then set the tooth that pointeth out the twelfth houre in the moveable Rōdel where the houres stand right upon the day of the yeere whereof you desire to knowe the houre hold it fast standing in that sorte after that lift the whole Instrument uppe on high bowe the uppermost part thereof so much towards you untill you may see the north Starre through the hollowe naile but you must understand that the Instrument must be holden so that the nether end of the foot thereof marked A B may stand like a water-compas Now when you see the North-starre through the hole then winde the Rule so long about untill that on the right side of the Rule you may see the hinder wheeles of the great Wagon which donne then the Rule will point unto the houre upon the moveable Rondell what tyme of the night it is But if it chanceth that by any lett or hinderance you cannot see the great Wagon then in steed thereof take the middlemost and lightest of the Watchers and do in all pointes as aforesayd but then you must knowe that it will be foure houres and 15 minutes later then the Rule will shew it by reason that the aforesayd wheeles of the Wagon goe so much before the Watchers Here after followeth the figure of the Night-dyall or Nocturlabium CHAP. IX Of the Horizon or the Circle that boundeth the sight VVHere the Heavens and the Earth or the Waters seeme in our sight to meete together that is called the Horizon or the Circle-boūding-the-siight because our sight endeth there and can goe no further by our Netherland Sea-farers it is also called the Kimmen This Circle devideth the Heavens just in two even partes so that just the one half is seene by us here above and the other half can not be seene by us because it is hidden underneath us which happeneth in this manner The Earth as in the first Chapter is shewed standeth as a Center in the middle of the Heavens the which by reason of the unmeasurable quantitie or largenes thereof is so farre separated from th Earth that the whole thicknes of the Earth in respect of the Heavens is no more then a pointe or prick or at least so litle that it cannot be perceived by our sight and that which by our sight along upon the Earth or the Water we can comprehend which can not reach further then about three Dutch myles that is tenne English myles seemeth in our eyes by reason the space is so litle to be no other then an halfe globe falling perpendicular upon a plaine so that our sight falleth in the Heaven as if we stood in the middle point of the World and sawe right compasse-wise whereby it falleth out that just the half of the Heavens is seen by us and the other half is not seene by us in like manner as if a man should lay a line over the center of a circle then the one half of the circle is above and the other half is just under All the heavenly lights as the Sonne Moone and Starres by the turning of the Heavens comming above the Horizon are seen by us and going downe under it goe out of our sight CHAP. X. Of the Meridian or Midday-circle THe Meridian is a circle in the Heavens which wee must conceive to passe through both the Poles of the World right over our heads and crosse-wise through the Equinoctiall and to cutte through the Horizon right north south The Sonne touching this circle is at the highest and then it is just noone or the middle time of the day likewise the Starres when they come upon this Circle they are like the Sonne at the highest of the Horizon and right south and as soone as they have past it they begin to go downward againe CHAP. XI Of the heigth of the Sonne or Starres and what it is THe Heigth of the Snne or Starres is nothing els but the distance or space that is betweene the Horizon and the Sonne or Starr it self which to understand perfectly you must marke that we suppose a point or prick to be right above our heads in the Heavens that is equally distant from the Horizon in all places which point is called the Zenith or the Head-point Now seeing that the whole circuite of the Heavens conteyneth 360 degrees and that the just half thereof is seene above the Horizon it is certaine that this point called the Zenith in all places is above the Horizon 90 degrees whether you turne East West North or South or any other way now when the Sonne riseth above the Horison and ascendeth higher and higher from it and commeth toward this point or Zenith wee say that as many degrees as it is ascended from the Horizon towards the aforesaid point or Zenith that the same is the height thereof as by example when he is risen half up from the Horizon towards the Zenith then he is 45 degrees high and if he be risen a third part from the Horizon then he is 30 degrees high and so forth the like is also to be understood of the height of the Starres CHAP. XII How to measure or finde the heigth of the Sonne or of the Starres TO finde the height the Mathematicians have devised divers fitte Instruments wherof there are two that are most to be used at Sea which are the Astrolabium the common Crosse-staffe the use of the Astrolabium is plaine and well knowne unto all men for holding the Instrument by the ring let the Sonne shine through the holes of the eares then the uttermost part of the Dyall counting from belowe upwards showeth how many degrees the Sonne is risen above the Horizon as the former figure plainely showeth The Crosse-staffe is used thus you must place the end of the Staffe underneath the eye then you must remove the Crosse to and fro untill the upper end of the Crosse standeth even upon half the Sonne or Starre and the under end just with the Horizon and then the Crosse will shewe you upon the Staffe how many degrees there are betweene the Horizon and the Sonne or Starre that is how many degrees they are in heigth so you account after those numbers whereof 90 standeth at the end of the