c. So after these Rules and Directions you may always find the day of the Mouth at any time both past present and to come Upon the same Print of the Perpetual Almanack you have also some other small Tables one shewing the time of High-Water at London-Bridge any day of the Moons Age. Another sheweth the Moons coming to the South at any day of her Age by help of which you may know the time of High-Water at London or elsewhere where the time of Flowing is known at the Full and Change days The fourth Table sheweth the Moons Age for her shining The Use of each Table shall be explained in these following Directions A Table Shewing the Altitude of the ☉ at Every hour in the day and in each day in the year with its Riseing and setting A Catalogue of all the Eclipses of the Sun an Moon which will be visible in Eng from the year 1677 to the year 1700. Year Moneth D. H. M. Lun Dig. Min. 1677 May. 6 15 25 ☽ 8 15 1678 October 19 8 17 ☽ 22 18 1681 August 18 14 22 ☽ 10 35 1682 August 7 17 56 ☽ 18 50 1682 Tebruary 11 11 28 ☽ 19 48 1683 January 17 4 27 ☉ 10 30 1684 June 16 14 17 ☽ 1 35 1684 July 2 3 10 ☉ 8 0 1685 November 30 10 26 ☽ 21 45 1686 November 19 11 22 ☽ 7 35 1687 May. 1 1 25 ☉ 4 40 1688 April 5 6 4 ☽ 6 49 16â—â— March 25 0 41 ☽ 21 19 16â—â— September 18 14 46 ☽ 20 39 1690 March 24 10 14 ☽ 5 53 1692 July 17 15 9 ☽ 22 28 1693 Tebruary 11 16 24 ☽ 29 32 1693 June 23 0 6 ☉ 2 34 1694 June 26 12 50 ☽ 6 47 1695 November 10 7 0 ☽ 6 55 1696 May. 6 11 45 ☽ 21 48 1696 October 20 16 30 ☽ 21 45 1697 October 10 7 44 ☽ 8 54 1699 March 5 7 14 ☽ 9 5 1699 September 12 21 30 ☉ 10 0 By having the Moons Age to find the time of High Water at London-Bridge The Moons Age must be first known from some other Tables in the Book or else-where which being known find the day thereof in the fore-mentioned small Table and right against it on the left hand you will find the time of High-Water at London-Bridge As for Example If the Moon be six days old I would know when it is High-Water at London-Bridge Therefore first seek the Moons Age 6 in its proper Table and right against it you will find 7.48 which shews that it is High-Water at 72 Clock and 48 Minutes past To find the Moons Southing any day of her Age. First you must look the Age of the Moon as before and then seek the same in the Table of her Age and right against it in the Table on the right hand under the title of Moons Southing you will have your desire And here note That from the New to the Full the Moon cometh to South in the Afternoon but from the Full to the New in the Morning As for Example When the Moon is six days old I would know the time of her coming to South Therefore if you cast your Eye on the Table of the Moons Southing you will find 4 48. which shews that the Moon cometh to South at 4 a Clock and 48 Minutes past The Vse of these Tables for finding the time of the Moons Shining To know how long the Moon shineth enter the Column of the Moons Age for her shining and against it on the left hand you have the time of her shining which all the time of her Encrease being added to the hour of Suns Rising gives the time of her Rising but if added to the time of Suns Setting gives the time of her Setting but after the Full the time of her shining from the Suns Rising and it gives her Rising and then take the same from the Suns Setting and it gives the time of her Setting Example In the Year 1680 October the 5th the Moon is 22 days old Which number find in the Table and you will see that right against it there is 6 Hours 24 Min. for the time of her shining which being added to the Suns rising of the same day which is 6 Hours 46 Minutes makes 13 Hours 32 Minutes from which take 12 and there rests 1 Hour 32 Minutes which is the time of the Moons Rising the next Morning Again to the same 6 Hours 24 Minutes add 5 Hours 14 Minutes the Suns Setting and it gives 11 Hours 38 Minutes for the time of her Setting the next day a little before Noon To find the Hour of the Night by the shadow of the Moon upon a Sun-Dial by the help of the Table of the Moons Southing Observe on a Sun-Dial what hour the shadow of the Moon falls upon and take notice how much the shadow doth either lack or is past the Hour of 12 upon the Dial for so much it doth want of or is past the time of the Moons coming to South Example Suppose the Moon were ten days old you find by the Table that the Moon cometh to South at 9 of the Clock Now suppose the shadow of the Moon should fall on the Hour of 10 this wants 2 Hours of 12 and therefore it wants two Hours of eight which is 6 of the Clock in the Evening But if the shadow of the Moon had been at 2 upon the Dial then you must have added 2 Hours to the Moons coming to South then would it be 10 of the Clock at Night And Note When the Moon is in the Full then the shadow of the Moon shews the true Hour of the Night as the shadow of the Sun doth by Day The Vse of the Table of the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon This Table is sufficiently plain of it self by inspection only but however I shall give one Example In the Year 1681 the 28 of August you will find the Moon will be Eclipsed at 14 Hours 22 Minutes which is 22 Minutes past two of the Clock next Morning and the quantity eclipsed will be 10 Digits 35 Minutes The Vse of the Perpetual Table for finding the Break of Day Suns Rising Planetary Hours both by Night and Day in the Latitude of London every 10th Day in the Month. In the first Column you have the 12 Months of the Year in the second 1 11 and 22 Days of the Month in the third the Break of Day which on the 11th of February is at 5 of the Clock in the fourth is the time of Twilight which against the said 11th of February is at 7 of the Clock which is the time of the ending of Twilight in the Evening in the 5th and 6th Columns the Rising and Setting of the Sun in the 7th and 8th Columns the length of the Day and Night and in the 9th and 10th Columns the length of the Planetary Hours both by Night and Day The Vse of the Table of the Essential Dignities of the Planets Every
in her Elipsis about the Body of the Sun in 224 Days It is from the Sun to the Sphere of Venus 3636104 Miles hence the Circuit of her Sphere is 22855911 Miles Her mean Diurnal motion is 1 Deg. 36 Min. 8 Seconds so that she moveth in a Day 101712 Miles in an an Hour 4238 Miles and in a Min. 70 Miles She is lesser than the Earth 147 times and yet in respect of her vicinity to the Earth in the lower part of her Orb she appears much brighter than any Star in the whole Firmament the Sun and Moon excepted insomuch that she hath been often seen in the day time as at the Birth of His Majesty K. Charles the 2d When she is a morning Star rising before the Sun she is called Lucifer but when an evening Star Vesperus Her greatest elongation from the Sun as it is beheld from the Earth is but 45 Deg. and never 48 Deg. Of the Earth In the middle of all Planets is the Earth which according to the System of Copernicus being plac'd between the Orbs of Mars and Venus accomplisheth her Revolution in 365 Days 5 Hours and 59 Min. It is from the Sun to the Body of the Earth 5021896 Miles the Circuit of her Sphere is 31560207 Miles her Diurnal motion 39 Min. 8 Seconds Therefore the Center of the Earth is transferr'd in a Day 86418 Miles in an hour 5600 Miles and in a Min. 60 Miles The Body of the Earth is less than the Earth 333 times and greater than the Moon 45 times A Degree of a great Circle upon the Earths Superficies is commonly reputed 60 Miles but by Mr. Norwood's Experiment is found to be 69 Miles And according to the first computation the Diameter of the Earth is 6872 miles its Semidiameter 3436 miles The circuit of compass of the Earth and Water containeth 21600 Miles In the Superficies of the Earth is contained 148490906 Square Miles The whole crassitude or Body of the Earth and Waters containeth 510131305785 Cubical Miles Of Mars Next above the Earth is the Planet Mars who performs his Revolution about the Sun in one Year 321 Days 22 Hours and 20 Min. It is from the Sun to the Body of Mars 7635292 Miles The Circuit of the Sphere of Mars is 47993264 Miles and his Diurnal motion 31 Min. 27 Seconds so that he wheeleth in a Day 69842 Miles in an Hour 2910 Miles and in a Min. 48 Miles and a half The Body of Mars is less than the Earth 146 times Mars Jupiter and Saturn contrary to the inferior Planets being placed without the Perimeter of the Earths Orb are sometimes in Conjunction with the Sun and sometimes in Quadtature and Opposition which cannot be in Venus and Mercury in regard their Orbs are included within the Earths Elipfis Of Jupiter Next above Mars is Jupiter who runs his Course in 11 Aegyptian Years 315 Days 14 Hours and 30 Min. It is from the Sun to Jupiter 26179152 Miles The Circuit of the Sphere of Jupiter is 164554670 Miles and his Diurnal motion about the Sun is 4 Min. 59 s Hence he wheeleth every Day 17996 Miles every Hour 1583 Miles and every Min. 26 Miles He is less than the Earth one time About his Body respecting it as their Center move four small bright Stars call'd the Satellities or Circum-Jovials who continually move round his Body and are seen only by a good Telescope Of Saturn Saturn is the highest Planet in the Planetary System and slowest in motion insomuch that he performeth but one Revolution about the Sun in 29 Aegyptian Years 162 Days 1 Hour 58 Min. It is from the Sun to Saturn 47833576 Miles The Circuit of his Sphere is 300668192 Miles His proper daily motion is a Min. o Seconds Therefore he wheeleth in a Day 15959 Miles in an Hour 1498 Miles and in a Min. 25 Miles Incrementum et Decrementum Dierum Secund Copern CANCE LEO. VIRGO LIBRA SCORP SAGIT CAPRI AQUAR PISCIS ARIE TAURU GEMINI Systema Saturni Secund â—uâ—en M. Zul Hypothesis Tychonica He is once bigger than the Earth about his Body is a bright flat Ring which encompasseth him about Of the Moon The Moon is a secondary Planet and retains the Earth for her Center about which she performs her Revolution in 27 Days 7 Hours 43 Min. It is from the Center of the Earth to the Moon 203236 Miles The Circumference of her Sphere is 1277483 Miles her Diurnal motion is 13 Deg. 10 Min. 35 Seconds So she wheeleth about in a Day 46757 Miles in an Hour 1948 Miles and in a Min. 30 Miles and a half She is less than the Sun 15924 times and less than the Earth 45 times Of the Tychonean System THis System was invented by the Illustrious Tycho Brahe a Nobleman of Denmark Lord of Knudsthorp in the Island of Schonen not far from Elsenbourg who was the most diligent and exquisive Observator in his time who framed this Hypothesis as a mean between Ptolemy and Copernicus He made a happy beginning and glorious progress in the restauration of Astronomy wherein he did rectify the motions of the Sun Moon and the fixed Stars which appeared in that Horizon wherein he lived In his Hypothesis he supposeth that Mercury Venus and all the other Planets except the Moon in their motion respect the Sun as their Center so that Saturn in opposition to the Sun is nearer to the Earth than Venus in Apogeon and that Mars in opposition to the Sun is neater to the Earth than the Sun it self as may appear by inspection from the Hypothesis it self CHAP. II. A Description of the several Natures Qualities and Substances of the Planets Of the Sun WHose nature and substance by a probable conjecture is supposed to be no other than a formal fiery Body consisting of a true proper elementary Fire partly liquid and partly solid The liquid being an Ocean of Light moving with fiery Billows and flaming Ebullitions as is manifest to those that look upon it through a Telescope The solid parts being like our Terraqueous-Globe divided into Continents Islands Mountains Rocks that thereby the vehement motion exestuating Solar-Ocean might be restrained and therefore may probably conceive that the Solar-Globe is as this Earth of ours hollowed with vast Subterraneous Caverns and Receptacles of Fire which break forth of the Solar Ignivomous Mountains in the same manner as we find our Subterranean-Fires to break out of Aetna Hecla and Vesuvius and it is in all appearance as probable that the solid parts of the Sun within which the fluid and liquid Fire is contained are as Mettal in a Furnace It is also evident that the splendor as well of the fluid as the solid Fire of the Solar-Globe is far more bright than our earthly Fire or Flame as you may see in the Map The Maculae or Spots that are seen in the Body of the Sun are certain cloudy obscurities appearing upon his Disque Their shapes and figures are of unequal form and most
Atmosphere or vaporous thickness of the Air near the Earths Superficies whereby the Sun and Stars seem always to rise sooner and set later than in reality they do The Vse of the Table of New and Full Moons On the left side of the Table you have each Month in the Year and on the head of the Table you have the Years of our Lord and the Characters of the New and Full Moons the New Moon is thus exprest â— the Full Moon thus â The Use of which Table will appear plainly by this Example I would know the time of the New and Full Moon This Table readily sheweth the exact day off New and full Moone as likewise her true Age. for Fifteene years to come from the year 1678 to 1692 Â 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â â— â Ianu 12 27 2 10 21 5 9 23 28 13 17 3 6 22 24 10 13 29 3 18 22 7 11 25 30 14 10 4 8 23 Feb 11 26 0 15 19 4 8 2â— 27 11 16 1 5 20 2â— 9 12 23 2 1â— 21 â— 9 24 2â— 13 1â— 2 7 21 Mar 12 28 23 17 20 5 9 24 28 15 18 2 â— 21 24 10 14 29 3 18 21 7 11 26 30 14 1â— 4 7 22 Apr 11 26 20 15 18 3 8 22 27 11 16 30 4 19 2â— 9 12 28 2 17 20 5 â— 24 2â— 14 1â— 2 6 20 May 1 26 20 15 18 3 â— 22 26 11 16 30 4 18 23 8 12 27 30 17 10 5 â— 24 2â— 13 17 â—â— 6 20 June â— 24 27 14 16 2 Â 20 25 0 14 28 â— 17 21 6 10 25 29 15 1â— 3 7 22 26 11 16 30 4 18 Iuly 8 23 27 13 15 31 â— 19 24 9 14 28 2 16 21 6 1â— 24 2â— 14 1â— 5 6 22 25 11 1â— 30 4 18 Aug 7 22 26 11 14 2â— 3 19 22 8 12 26 â—0 14 10 â— 9 23 27 13 15 31 5 2â— 24 9 1â— 2â— â— 1â— Sept 5 20 24 10 12 27 2 17 21 Â 10 23 28 13 18 2 7 21 26 11 14 20 3 1â— 22 8 12 27 30 5 Octo 5 10 2â— Â 1â— 27 â—1 17 2â— 6 10 2â— 28 13 17 2 7 21 25 10 14 2â— 5 18 22 8 11 26 29 15 Nove 4 18 23 7 1â— 2â— â—â— 15 1â— 5 8 24 26 12 16 â—â— 5 1â— 24 9 12 27 1 16 20 6 9 25 27 13 Decem 3 17 22 â— 11 25 20 45 18 4 3 23 26 11 15 30 5 19 24 8 12 26 131 16 2â— 6 9 25 27 13 A Table shewing the Dominical letter Cyrcle of the sun Epact and golden Number for 56 years from the year 1676 YEARS OF OUR LORD 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 Dom Lett. BA G F E DC B A G FE D C B AG F E D CB A G F ED C B A GF E D C Cycle of the Sun 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 YEARS OF OUR LORD 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 Epact 25 6 17 28 9 20 1 12 23 4 15 26 7 18 29 11 22 3 14 Gold Number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 for the Year 1680 therefore look at the head of the Table and on the left fide for the Month of May and in the common Angle of meeting you will find that is New Moon the 18th Day and Full Moon the 31 Day so from the Full and Change you may compute any other Day of her Age. And if you would know the time of High Water at London or any other place contained in the Table then look the day of her Age on the left side of the Table as you are before directed and right against it you will find the time of High Water The Vse of the Circular Table marked at the Corner with the Figure 1. This Table sheweth the Dominical Letter Cycle of the Sun Epact and Golden Number for 56 Years from the Year 1676. For finding the Dominical Letter and Cycle of the Sun you are first to seek the Year of the Lord in the two outermost Circles and in the two next Circles within those Circles you have the Dominical Letter and the number of the Suns Cycle For Example If you would know in the Years 1700 and 1728 what the Dominical Letter and Cycle of the Sun is you will find the Dominical Letter to be GF which doth denote it to be Leap-Year and the Cycle of the Sun to be 1. And if you would find the Epact and Golden Number for any Year contained in the Table then find the Years required in the 5th and 6th Circle and in the Innermost Circles you will have your desire as for the Years 1681 and 1700 you will find the Epact to be 2 and the Golden Number to be 10. And here I think it necessary to shew the natural reason of these Numbers and Letters Of the Prime or Golden Number The Prime or Golden Number is a Circle or Revolution of 19 Years in which space of time it was supposed by the Ancients that all the Lunations and Aspects between the Sun and Moon did return to the same place they were 19 Years before It is chiefly to find the Change Full and Quarters of the Moon Of the Cycle of the Sun and Dominical Letter The Cycle or Circle of the Sun is a Revolutional Number of 28 Years in which space of time there is a perfect change of all the Sunday Letters for every Year and maketh its Periodical Revolution in 28 Years By help of which is known the true order of the Sunday Letter A being placed against the first day of January and the rest in their order to the Years end And every Month beginneth the first Letter of each word in this short Distich At Dover Dwells George Brown Esquire Good Christopher Finch And David Frier Of the Epact The Epact is a Number not exceeding 30 because the Moon between Change and Change never exceeds 30 Days and thereby the common Lunar Year consisting of 12 Months is less than the Solar Year by 11 Days for to every Lunar Month is accounted but 29 Days and a half so that a Lunar Year contains 354 Days and the Solar Year consists of 365 Days the
disserence is 11 Days which is called the Epact Short Rules to find the Golden Number Dominical Letter Epact c. in short Distichs To know if it be Leap-Year or what Year past Divide the Year by 4 what 's left shall be For Leap-Year 0. for past 1 2 or 3. Example Anno 1680 divide only the latter part of this Number which is 80 by 4 and there remains 0 which shews it to be Leap-Year To find the Dominical or Sunday Letter Divide the Year its 4th and 4 by 7 What 's left substract from 7 the Letter 's given A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. E. 5. F. 6. G. 7. Example The Year of our Lord 1680 Its fourth 420 To both which add 4  7 2104 3 21 04 Being divided by 7 the remainder is 4 and according to the order of the standing of the Letters it shews it to be D which is the first of the Dominical Letters for that Year which is Leap-Year which continues until the 24th of February St. Matthias day and the other Letter is C which serves all the Year after accounting the Letters backward To find the Golden Number Cycle of the Sun and Indiction When 1 9 3. to th' Year hath added been Divide by 19 28 15. Example To 1680 add 1 which is 1681 divide that by 19 and there remains 9 which is the Golden Number for that Year Again to 1680 add 9 and the Sum is 1689 divide by 28 the residue is 9 the Cycle of the Sun for that Year Lastly To 1680 add 3 the Sum is 1683 which being divided by 15 the remainder is 3 which is the Indiction for the same Year The Prime and Golden Number being given to find the Epact Divide by 3 for each one left add 10 30 reject the Prime makes Epact then Example Anno 1680 the Golden Number is 9 which divide by 3 and there remains 0 therefore ten times 0 is 0 which added to 9 the Epact for the Year 1680. By the 19 Epacts to find the day of Easter Limit from the beginning of March inclusively The Epacts take from 47 but two The greatest take from 77 't wil do Example Anno 1680 the Epact being 9 subtract it from 47 there remains 38 which is Easter-Limit for the same Year which reckoned from the beginning of March inclusively it will fall on April the 7th But when the Epact is 28 or 29 it must be substracted from 77 that so the Limit may remain and the next following Sunday after the Limit is always Easter day Easter Limit and the Dominical Letter being given to find Easter day The Letter more by 4 from Limit take What 's left from nearest sevens shall Easter make Or thus Take the Number of the given Letter more by 4 from the given Limit and the residue from the greatest Sum of sevens the last remainder added to the Limit the Sum or its excess above 31 is Easter-day in March or April Example Anno 1680 the Letter C which is 3 more by 4 is 7 which taken from the Limit 38 the residâ—e is 31 this taken from the nearest greater Sum of sevens in the Limit viz. 35 there remains 4 which added to the Limit 38 the Sum is 42 the excess of which above 31 is 11 Therefore the 11th of April Anno 1680 is Easter-day For the Days of the Months on which the Sun entereth the 12 Signs Twice 9 twice 10 four 12s 11 Then 12 then 9 then 8 or 7. ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♠♎ ♠♠♑ â™’ ♓ Mar. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 9. 9. 10. 10. 12. 12. 12. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. For the Degree of the Sun's Place on any day From the day of the Month on which the Suns Place is required if you may or else from the Sum of that and 30 substract the day of his entrance into the Sign of that Month the remainder shall be the Degree of his place in that or the next preceding Sign Example Suppose the 6th day of March 1680 I would know in what Degree of the Sign the Sun is in Therefore according to the Rule put 30 to it then is it 36 from which if you take 9 the day of the Suns entrance into the Sign of that Month there remains 27 which shews the Sun is in 27 Degrees in the Sign preceding which is ♈ To find the Age of the Moon or the Day of Her Change Janu. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 these to the Epact fix The sum bate 30 to the Month-day add Or take from 30 Age or Change is had Which is thus Explained Add to the Epact Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 8. 10. 10. When the Epact is added to any of these Numbers the Sum if it be less than 30 or the Excess above 30 added to the day of the given Month rejecting if need be gives the Age of the Moon that day but substracted from 30 leaves the day of the Change in or from the beginning of that Month. For the day of the Full Moon add or substract 15 to or from the day of the Change Example 1. For the Age of the Moon on the 11th of May 1680 the Number of the Month is 3 added to the Epact 9 makes 12 which added to 10 makes 22 the Age of the Moon required 2. For the day of the Change or New Moon in May 1680 the Epact 9 with the Figure 3 makes 12 as before which substracted from 30 there rests 18 on which day is the Moons Change or the New Moon in May 1680. 3. For the day of the Full Moon take 15 from 18 there remains 3 which is the day of the Full Moon in that Month. To find the Hour of the Moons coming to South and High-Water at London The Moons Age multiply by 4 divide By 5 for southing add 3 for the Tyde Example If on the 10th of May 1680 the Moon is 10 days old which being multiplied by 4 makes 40 and divided by 5 the Quotient is 8 which is the time of the Moons southing in the Morning because the Moon is past the Full to which if you add 3 makes 11 which shews the time of High-Water at London The use of the Almanack in Lines Entituled An Almanack shewing the Day of the Month Suns Place Right Ascension and Declination for ever THe Margin on the left side sheweth the Suns Declination for every day in the Year directing your Eye from any of the Month required As for Example If it should be required to know what Declination the Sun hath on the 25th day of October which day you will find in the second Column and right against the 15th day the Declination to be about 15 Degrees and you may well determine it to be South Declination An Almanck Shewing the Day of the Month Suns Place Right Ascension and Declination for ever By