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A38593 Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins.; Geologia Norvegica. English Escholt, Michel Pedersøn, d. 1666.; Collins, Daniel, 17th cent. 1663 (1663) Wing E3252; ESTC R15886 31,029 106

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thereafter_o follow_v that_o very_a great_a &_o destructive_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o goth_n and_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o the_o great_a weaken_n and_o spoil_v of_o the_o romish_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 256._o there_o sink_v down_o many_o fair_a building_n people_n and_o all_o especial_o in_o italy_n whereupon_o there_o follow_v terrible_a distemper_n all_o over_o the_o romish_a empire_n that_o all_o the_o province_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o war_n and_o uproar_n and_o there_o be_v such_o a_o mighty_a plague_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o achaia_n that_o there_o die_v at_o rome_n in_o one_o day_n 5000_o people_n all_o of_o the_o plague_n and_o the_o year_n after_o do_v arise_v the_o sect_n of_o the_o samosatenian_o by_o paul_n samosatenus_fw-la a_o bishop_n of_o antioch_n which_o do_v much_o prevail_v and_o cause_v very_o great_a disturbance_n in_o the_o church_n of_o god_n in_o the_o year_n 345._o there_o 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thereupon_o follow_v a_o unusual_a dry_a summer_n with_o extraordinary_a heat_n so_o that_o in_o denmark_n and_o the_o small_a island_n man_n scarce_o know_v where_o to_o find_v any_o fresh_a water_n in_o any_o place_n and_o in_o italy_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o fearful_a civil_a war_n and_o dissension_n between_o two_o princely_a family_n call_v the_o guelph_n and_o gibilines_n that_o it_o have_v near_o ruin_v whole_a italy_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o write_v any_o thing_n more_o out_o of_o history_n concern_v earthquake_n and_o what_o remarkable_a thing_n have_v always_o ensue_v for_o from_o those_o many_o that_o be_v record_v it_o may_v sufficient_o be_v see_v that_o earthquake_n signify_v no_o great_a good_a to_o country_n and_o kingdom_n but_o god_n by_o his_o almighty_a power_n can_v divert_v much_o evil_n a_o theological_a conclusion_n with_o some_o instruction_n out_o of_o the_o holy_a and_o infallible_a word_n of_o god_n what_o earthquake_n do_v signify_v and_o 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earth_n and_o isai_n 48._o 13._o my_o hand_n also_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o and_o other_o the_o like_a oracle_n of_o the_o whole_o scripture_n we_o may_v clear_o discern_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n do_v not_o create_v the_o earth_n so_o loose_a and_o unfixed_a in_o the_o beginning_n that_o it_o shall_v shake_v tremble_v and_o quake_v but_o always_o to_o remain_v steady_a and_o unmoveable_a 2_o pet._n 3._o 5._o but_o when_o the_o earth_n contrary_a to_o the_o fix_a nature_n of_o its_o creation_n shall_v tremble_v quake_v and_o shake_v then_o there_o must_v certain_o be_v some_o extraordinary_a and_o important_a cause_n of_o it_o whereof_o the_o holy_a scripture_n more_o especial_o intimate_v two_o which_o move_v god_n to_o permit_v and_o produce_v such_o great_a and_o terrible_a earthquake_n namely_o first_o when_o the_o wickedness_n of_o man_n be_v great_a upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v corrupt_a and_o fill_v with_o violence_n gen._n 6._o 5_o 11_o 13._o then_o be_v the_o righteous_a and_o just_a wrath_n of_o god_n provoke_v to_o move_v the_o earth_n himself_o and_o cause_v she_o to_o tremble_v thereby_o to_o destroy_v man_n yea_o even_o the_o earth_n itself_o also_o gen._n 6._o 13._o by_o remove_v the_o mountain_n and_o they_o know_v not_o which_o he_o overturn_v in_o his_o anger_n when_o he_o cause_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n that_o the_o pillar_n thereof_o do_v tremble_v as_o job_n speak_v chap._n 9_o 5_o 6._o concern_v which_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v give_v this_o further_a testimony_n exod._n 15._o 12._o when_o thou_o strechedst_a out_o thy_o right_a hand_n the_o earth_n swallow_v they_o psal_n 18._o 7._o the_o earth_n shake_v and_o tremble_v the_o foundation_n also_o of_o the_o hill_n move_v and_o be_v shake_v because_o he_o be_v wroth_a and_o psal_n 104._o 32._o he_o behold_v the_o earth_n and_o it_o tremble_v he_o touch_v the_o mountain_n and_o they_o 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there_o her_o inhabitant_n may_v very_o well_o sigh_v deep_o and_o pray_v with_o david_n in_o psal_n 60._o 2._o o_o god_n thou_o have_v make_v the_o earth_n to_o tremble_v thou_o have_v break_v it_o heal_v the_o breach_n thereof_o for_o it_o shake_v second_o when_o god_n have_v be_v about_o to_o do_v some_o extraordinary_a thing_n upon_o the_o earth_n or_o make_v any_o remarkable_a alteration_n in_o country_n and_o kingdom_n the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v testify_v that_o it_o be_v make_v know_v by_o precede_a earthquake_n as_o by_o so_o many_o prodomos_fw-la or_o harbinger_n as_o for_o example_n when_o god_n himself_o descend_v down_o after_o a_o especial_a manner_n upon_o mount_n sinai_n and_o there_o give_v his_o whole_o law_n to_o the_o isralite_n for_o the_o direction_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n then_o do_v the_o whole_a mount_n great_o quake_v exod._n 19_o 18._o and_o when_o god_n bring_v his_o people_n out_o of_o egypt_n though_o moses_n have_v not_o record_v that_o any_o earthquake_n happen_v then_o yet_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o do_v without_o a_o notable_a earthquake_n by_o which_o the_o red_a sea_n be_v divide_v in_o that_o place_n that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n go_v through_o and_o be_v so_o dry_a for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o sixty_o mile_n as_o the_o table_n of_o cosmography_n do_v show_v that_o the_o israelite_n can_v go_v through_o dry-shod_a exod._n 14._o 21_o 22._o as_o deborah_n the_o prophetess_n and_o judge_n and_o barack_n the_o son_n of_o abinoam_n the_o captain_n do_v testify_v concern_v this_o in_o their_o song_n of_o praise_n judg._n 5._o 4_o 5._o when_o the_o lord_n go_v out_o of_o seir_n and_o march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n of_o edom_n the_o earth_n tremble_v and_o the_o mountain_n melt_v from_o before_o the_o lord_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v that_o of_o asaph_n
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v choke_v by_o the_o smoke_n and_o damp_n of_o the_o say_a fire_n and_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o sycillia_n there_o be_v also_o such_o a_o mountain_n call_v aetna_n which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v and_o be_v yet_o much_o speak_v of_o for_o its_o continual_a cast_v up_o of_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n who_o fire_n be_v only_o see_v at_o night_n and_o nothing_o but_o smoke_n a_o day_n except_o when_o it_o break_v out_o very_o vehement_o then_o the_o fire_n may_v be_v see_v day_n and_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1537._o the_o same_o mountain_n cast_v up_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o burn_a brimstone_n into_o the_o air_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o in_o several_a place_n in_o piece_n and_o spoil_v the_o adjacent_a country_n wood_n and_o village_n the_o precedent_a year_n namely_o 1536._o the_o 22._o of_o march_n do_v this_o mountain_n of_o aetna_n begin_v to_o cast_v out_o a_o most_o terrible_a fire_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v amaze_v and_o tremble_v at_o it_o and_o there_o be_v such_o a_o dreadful_a earthquake_n with_o a_o crackle_n and_o rattle_a noise_n that_o many_o die_v for_o very_a fear_n and_o the_o ash_n which_o that_o same_o fire_n cast_v up_o cover_v over_o not_o only_a sycillia_n but_o also_o calabria_n a_o province_n in_o italy_n like_o a_o great_a snow_n the_o learned_a philosopher_n empedocles_n be_v choke_v and_o destroy_v by_o this_o mountain_n fire_n and_o smell_v when_o he_o to_o satisfy_v his_o curiosity_n concern_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o go_v too_o near_o the_o hole_n philosopher_n give_v the_o reason_n and_o cause_n of_o such_o wonderful_a and_o continual_a burn_n to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o earth_n be_v hollow_a in_o many_o place_n within_o itself_o as_o shall_v be_v further_o declare_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n and_o be_v full_a of_o brimstone_n bitumen_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o substance_n which_o can_v feed_v the_o fire_n as_o also_o unslakt_v lime_n and_o water_n by_o which_o the_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v easy_a and_o often_o kindle_v now_o the_o fire_n can_v burn_v except_o it_o have_v air_n or_o as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o breathe_a place_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v think_v that_o therma_n or_o those_o hot_a bath_n that_o be_v find_v in_o several_a country_n must_v be_v certain_a spiracula_fw-la or_o breathe_a hole_n by_o which_o the_o subterraneous_a fire_n do_v in_o some_o kind_n get_v air_n unto_o it_o and_o when_o the_o air_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o it_o be_v get_v into_o the_o hollow_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o fire_n be_v then_o that_o fire_n increase_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o make_v burn_a coal_n or_o live_a embers_o as_o it_o be_v even_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o wonderful_a yet_o natural_a meatus_fw-la way_n or_o passage_n in_o and_o under_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o heat_n and_o flame_n of_o the_o oft_o name_v subterraneous_a fire_n have_v in_o several_a place_n its_o passage_n until_o it_o get_v a_o open_a spiraculum_fw-la or_o breathe_a hole_n through_o such_o flame_a mountain_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o flame_a mountain_n do_v not_o burn_v always_o alike_o outward_o but_o sometime_o more_o and_o sometime_o less_o for_o such_o reason_n as_o this_o when_o the_o hiatus_fw-la or_o hole_n which_o be_v above_o in_o the_o mountain_n be_v stop_v with_o any_o kind_n of_o stuff_n so_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v smother_v and_o can_v have_v its_o free_a air_n or_o breathing-place_n than_o it_o go_v out_o though_o not_o quite_o but_o burn_v notwithstanding_o below_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o only_o send_v forth_o some_o few_o sparkle_n or_o small_a flame_n and_o sometime_o nothing_o but_o only_a smoke_n and_o a_o stink_a burn_v damp_n smell_v above_o the_o earth_n which_o show_v that_o the_o fire_n below_o in_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o dead_a or_o whole_o quench_v but_o burn_v and_o work_v faint_o under_o the_o earth_n as_o long_o as_o till_o either_o the_o former_a hole_n open_v again_o or_o it_o can_v break_v through_o and_o make_v another_o hiatus_fw-la or_o breathe_a hole_n and_o then_o break_v out_o afresh_o again_o with_o so_o much_o the_o great_a power_n and_o vehemence_n not_o without_o do_v great_a mischief_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o be_v afore_o declare_v now_o from_o hence_o may_v any_o man_n sufficient_o understand_v and_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o power_n operation_n and_o force_v of_o such_o fire_n in_o and_o under_o the_o earth_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o boil_a work_a distil_a and_o change_v of_o several_a mineral_n and_o metal_n especial_o consider_v that_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v also_o their_o influence_n and_o do_v work_v effectual_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v no_o small_a cause_n of_o great_a and_o terrible_a earthquake_n how_o mineral_n and_o metal_n be_v wrought_v decoct_v and_o prepare_v by_o nature_n under_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o concern_v several_a mineral_n metal_n and_o substance_n in_o and_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o how_o they_o be_v wrought_v and_o change_v touch_v mineral_n which_o be_v wrought_v by_o nature_n below_o in_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v according_a to_o physical_a judgement_n thus_o when_o any_o dry_a substance_n in_o and_o under_o the_o earth_n mix_v itself_o with_o any_o wet_a or_o moist_a substance_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o it_o happen_v whether_o by_o the_o air_n fire_n or_o water_n passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o mixture_n either_o by_o the_o powerful_a influence_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o oft_o name_v subterraneous_a fire_n and_o warm_a water_n be_v decoct_v and_o well_o boil_v together_o then_o there_o be_v produce_v a_o mineral_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v mix_v together_o also_o when_o the_o subterraneous_a water_n in_o their_o several_a passage_n or_o course_n under_o the_o earth_n do_v happen_v to_o cover_v over_o soak_v or_o steep_v any_o kind_n of_o metal_n so_o long_o that_o they_o do_v contract_n &_o gather_v a_o thickness_n to_o themselves_o from_o it_o and_o become_v like_a unto_o trouble_a water_n above_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o water_n afterward_o come_v where_o the_o fire_n be_v or_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fire_n do_v penetrate_v and_o force_v itself_o through_o to_o the_o same_o water_n than_o there_o be_v boil_v of_o that_o water_n a_o certain_a moist_a substance_n or_o matter_n which_o in_o time_n come_v to_o be_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a mineral_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o metal_n which_o the_o water_n do_v so_o cover_v soak_v or_o steep_a and_o from_o which_o it_o have_v gather_v its_o quality_n or_o thickness_n under_o the_o earth_n moreover_o when_o such_o thick_a trouble_a and_o change_v subterraneous_a water_n continue_v long_o in_o a_o place_n without_o motion_n then_o that_o quality_n with_o which_o it_o be_v so_o thicken_a mix_v or_o change_v settle_v itself_o to_o the_o bottom_n as_o any_o thick_a and_o trouble_a water_n natural_o do_v where_o it_o remain_v and_o when_o the_o water_n get_v any_o kind_n of_o passage_n out_o it_o run_v away_o and_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o bottom_n be_v dry_v and_o harden_v by_o the_o power_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o planet_n and_o also_o by_o the_o subterraneous_a air_n or_o heat_n wrought_v into_o a_o mineral_n suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o that_o from_o whence_o the_o subterraneous_a water_n that_o be_v run_v away_o have_v gather_v and_o receive_v its_o thickness_n and_o this_o may_v now_o be_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o course_n and_o passage_n through_o that_o earth_n which_o be_v full_a of_o copper_n and_o such_o like_a ore_n and_o cover_v soak_v or_o steep_v it_o so_o long_a and_o often_o that_o it_o become_v thick_a and_o muddy_a and_o its_o nature_n thorough_o alter_v and_o change_v or_o infect_v by_o the_o quality_n thereof_o and_o the_o same_o water_n afterward_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o power_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o planet_n be_v boil_a and_o distil_v in_o the_o earth_n than_o it_o become_v a_o succus_fw-la or_o natural_a green_a moist_a substance_n whereof_o be_v dry_v come_v the_o mineral_n call_v chrysocolla_n that_o be_v mountaingreen_n and_o virdigrease_n in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o subterraneous_a water_n cover_v over_o soak_v or_o steep_v pyriten_v aerosum_fw-la &_o friabilem_fw-la that_o be_v a_o rusty_a firrstone_n