Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	ancient_a	call_v	river_n	4,403	4	7.4109	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30864	The art of metals in which is declared the manner of their generation and the concomitants of them : in two books / written in Spanish by Albaro Alonso Barba ... curate of St. Bernards parish in the imperial city of Potosi, in the kingdom of Peru in the West-Indies, in the year 1640 ; translated in the year 1669 by the R. H. Edward, Earl of Sandwich.; Arte de los metales. English	Barba, Alvaro Alonso, b. 1569.; Sandwich, Edward Montagu, Earl of, 1625-1672.	1674 (1674)	Wing B682; Wing B678; ESTC R17204	82,457	255

unto_o larecaja_n join_v tipuane_a a_o country_n inhabit_v by_o savage_a indian_n with_o who_o we_o have_v have_v war_n and_o make_v incursion_n upon_o they_o ever_o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n where_o i_o be_v present_a and_o be_v now_o above_o twenty_o year_n ago_o this_o country_n be_v so_o large_o report_v to_o be_v rich_a in_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v incredible_a unless_o so_o many_o eye-witness_n have_v affirm_v it_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o this_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n be_v chaquiyapu_n which_o we_o corrupt_o call_v chuquiabo_fw-la which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v chacra_n or_o the_o farm_n of_o gold_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o mine_n in_o it_o that_o be_v wrought_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n it_o be_v a_o soil_n general_o know_v to_o be_v fertile_a of_o metal_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rain_v the_o boy_n often_o pick_v up_o gold_n in_o the_o street_n in_o small_a bit_n like_o the_o kernel_n of_o apple_n especial_o in_o that_o street_n that_o go_v down_o to_o the_o river_n by_o the_o convent_n of_o the_o predicadore_v and_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o coroico_n and_o other_o which_o they_o call_v andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr chuquiabo_fw-la in_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o rock_n gold_n be_v find_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n on_o the_o outside_n like_v unto_o lead_n the_o silver_n mine_n of_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n oruro_n be_v encompass_v round_o about_o with_o other_o hill_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o rich_a vein_n of_o pure_a gold_n which_o have_v be_v wrought_v heretofore_o at_o present_a there_o be_v only_o one_o wrought_v and_o that_o by_o my_o persuasion_n upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o that_o mountain_n that_o run_v over_o the_o silver-mill_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr las_fw-fr sepolturas_fw-la the_o oar_n whereof_o be_v well_o ground_n to_o powder_n and_o ensay_v by_o quicksilver_n yield_v a_o considerable_a profit_n they_o have_v not_o follow_v any_o more_o of_o the_o vein_n for_o want_v of_o industry_n their_o common_a trade_n be_v get_v of_o silver_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o in_o those_o vein_n they_o have_v already_o wrought_v they_o have_v not_o get_v so_o much_o gold_n as_o they_o expect_v although_o that_o ought_v not_o to_o discourage_v they_o because_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o where_o so_o many_o vein_n of_o gold_n be_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o very_o rich_a if_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o light_v upon_o they_o the_o same_o which_o daily_a experience_n have_v show_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o bound_n of_o chayanta_n be_v full_a of_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v some_o ancient_a mine_n already_o sink_v in_o they_o and_o in_o the_o sand_n of_o its_o river_n which_o be_v call_v el_fw-es rio_n grande_fw-fr kernel_n of_o gold_n be_v find_v and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o tinquepaya_n seven_o league_n from_o this_o city_n of_o potosi_n they_o have_v find_v gold_n also_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o paccha_n chuquichuqui_fw-la and_o presto_fw-it near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o chuquisaca_n there_o be_v many_o cave_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v get_v some_o show_n of_o gold_n the_o like_a also_o be_v find_v from_o the_o river_n sopachuy_n up_o unto_o the_o chiriguanes_n where_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n which_o the_o indian_n have_v this_o year_n offer_v to_o discover_v unto_o we_o the_o river_n of_o st._n juan_n which_o run_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chiquas_fw-la where_o it_o join_v with_o the_o calchaguy_n be_v very_o full_a of_o gold_n in_o esmoraca_n and_o chillio_n of_o the_o same_o province_n the_o ancient_a gold_n mine_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v there_o be_v one_o hill_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o colcha_n which_o have_v gold_n in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o mine_n also_o three_o league_n from_o this_o town_n in_o a_o place_n they_o call_v abitanis_n which_o in_o the_o lipean_a language_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n i_o believe_v for_o a_o certain_a also_o that_o there_o be_v gold_n in_o the_o province_n of_o atacama_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fine_a lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la which_o be_v find_v there_o in_o which_o gold_n be_v engender_v chap._n 27._o of_o silver_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o silver_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o metal_n except_o gold_n whereunto_o it_o come_v so_o near_o as_o to_o want_v nothing_o but_o the_o colour_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o most_o of_o all_o oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n one_o into_o another_o do_v yet_o hold_v it_o possible_a to_o turn_v silver_n into_o gold_n because_o the_o colour_n only_o be_v want_v the_o fire_n and_o artificial_a concoction_n can_v supply_v that_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o experiment_n from_o the_o good_a mixture_n and_o fineness_n of_o its_o part_n proceed_v its_o endure_v the_o fire_n with_o very_o little_a waste_n as_o also_o its_o be_v tough_a and_o malleable_a and_o endure_v the_o draw_v out_o into_o very_o thin_a leaf_n and_o small_a wire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o common_a trade_n to_o do_v it_o it_o will_v not_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o 1400_o yard_n of_o wire_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o admirable_a that_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v gild_a wire_n with_o only_o six_o grain_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o although_o silver_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o admiration_n yet_o gold_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n more_o ductile_a than_o it_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n suffer_v its_o self_n to_o be_v beat_v to_o that_o thinness_n as_o to_o overspread_v ten_o hanegada_n of_o land_n in_o the_o mine_n oftentimes_o silver_n be_v find_v white_a and_o pure_a and_o like_a as_o it_o be_v wire_n weave_v one_o within_o the_o other_o between_o the_o rock_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v metal_n machacada_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o mine_n they_o call_v the_o turk_n in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n in_o choquepina_n a_o mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n two_o league_n from_o berenguela_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n in_o the_o mountain_n that_o i_o discover_v and_o register_v half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o work_n of_o st._n christopher_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n in_o yaco_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n which_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o oar_n yield_v rich_a copper_n there_o be_v find_v last_o year_n a_o stone_n coated_a over_o with_o white_a silver_n the_o metal_n contain_v within_o be_v yellow_a like_a unto_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o lion_n and_o in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaya_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chichas_n in_o the_o rich_a stone_n of_o that_o oar_n they_o have_v find_v much_o silver_n like_o wire_n weave_v together_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o stone_n have_v be_v find_v make_v into_o silver_n wire_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o wedge_n of_o pure_a silver_n but_o no_o other_o mine_n have_v produe_v the_o like_a unto_o that_o of_o st._n christopher_n in_o oruro_n which_o beside_o the_o leaf_n of_o fine_a silver_n that_o be_v find_v between_o the_o stone_n produce_v fine_a silver_n also_o in_o small_a dust_n mingle_v with_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n that_o be_v dug_n there_o which_o may_v be_v get_v together_o without_o any_o more_o trouble_n than_o wash_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o use_v the_o gold_n that_o be_v find_v in_o sand_n but_o most_o common_o in_o all_o mine_n silver_n be_v find_v incorporate_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a nor_o to_o be_v know_v but_o by_o man_n of_o good_a experience_n in_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o charcas_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n mine_n that_o they_o alone_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o in_o the_o world_n be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o with_o riches_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n stand_v the_o wonderful_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n of_o who_o treasure_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v liberal_o participate_v the_o excellency_n whereof_o &_o of_o that_o imperail_a city_n whereunto_o it_o have_v give_v the_o name_n do_v so_o much_o surmount_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a world_n that_o they_o very_o well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a history_n to_o eternize_v their_o fame_n it_o be_v surround_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o abundance_n of_o rich_a mine_n that_o of_o porco_n be_v the_o famous_a mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n and_o the_o first_o out_o of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n dig_v any_o

command_v the_o mine_n to_o be_v stop_v up_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o very_a active_a principle_n or_o virtue_n that_o operate_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n but_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o know_v what_o that_o principle_n be_v because_o it_o operate_v in_o no_o determinate_a place_n but_o sometime_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cloud_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n avicena_n and_o albertus_n think_v the_o matter_n whereof_o stone_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o if_o the_o great_a part_n be_v water_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o liquor_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v earth_n than_o it_o be_v call_v dirt_n or_o clay_n that_o clay_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stone_n of_o must_v be_v tough_a and_o slimy_a such_o as_o brick_n pot_n and_o other_o earthen_a vessel_n be_v make_v of_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v consume_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o dirt_n it_o will_v not_o hang_v together_o but_o crumble_v into_o earth_n and_o dust_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o stone_n be_v very_o slimy_a the_o experience_n whereof_o we_o find_v in_o our_o own_o body_n the_o physician_n be_v general_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o reins_o and_o bladder_n of_o slimy_a tough_a humour_n bake_v hard_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n this_o opinion_n touch_v petrify_a liquor_n be_v confirm_v past_o all_o question_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a water_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n near_o unto_o guancavelica_n which_o they_o take_v and_o put_v into_o mould_n of_o what_o form_n and_o bigness_n they_o please_v and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o a_o few_o day_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v perfect_a stone_n and_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o it_o all_o the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v it_o die_v and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v the_o reason_n in_o a_o mountain_n call_v pacocava_n a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pajage_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o this_o liquor_n the_o colour_n whereof_o be_v whitish_a incline_v to_o yellow_a that_o as_o it_o run_v along_o condense_n into_o very_o hard_a and_o weighty_a stone_n of_o different_a shape_n moreover_o any_o porous_a substance_n that_o can_v suck_v this_o kind_n of_o liquor_n into_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o of_o those_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n and_o limb_n and_o bone_n of_o beast_n turn_v into_o hard_a stone_n in_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr plata_fw-la i_o have_v see_v stick_v of_o wood_n take_v out_o of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o much_o of_o which_o as_o have_v remain_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o very_o fine_a stone_n i_o see_v also_o the_o tooth_n and_o bone_n of_o giant_n that_o be_v dug_n up_o in_o tarija_n turn_v into_o heavy_a and_o hard_a stone_n stone_n have_v their_o substantial_a form_n which_o make_v they_o differ_v specifical_o yet_o because_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o in_o our_o definition_n we_o be_v fain_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v use_n of_o accident_n and_o property_n every_o several_a form_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v accompany_v with_o particular_a virtue_n as_o remarkable_a as_o those_o of_o animal_n or_o plant_n and_o proportion_v to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n nature_n take_v in_o its_o generation_n but_o because_o plant_n and_o animal_n be_v to_o have_v so_o different_a disposition_n and_o to_o produce_v such_o various_a and_o admirable_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v of_o so_o uniform_a and_o well_o mingle_v a_o temperament_n as_o the_o stone_n be_v nor_o be_v their_o soft_a and_o gentle_a substance_n capable_a to_o endure_v so_o much_o force_v as_o neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n fit_v for_o the_o produce_v variety_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o be_v find_v no_o leaf_n flower_n fruit_n hand_n nor_o foot_n as_o in_o plant_n and_o animal_n though_o they_o have_v a_o great_a virtue_n of_o another_o kind_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o stone_n one_o from_o another_o all_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v reducible_a under_o some_o of_o these_o five_o follow_a species_n 1._o if_o they_o be_v small_a very_o scarce_o and_o very_o hard_a of_o substance_n and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v call_v precious_a stone_n 2._o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n although_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o marble_n 3._o if_o in_o break_v they_o fall_v into_o splinter_n or_o scale_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o flint_n 4._o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o small_a grain_n they_o be_v pebble_n 5._o those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o the_o abovesaid_a qualification_n be_v rock_n or_o ordinary_a stone_n but_o the_o miner_n for_o the_o better_a distinction_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o stone_n wherein_o metal_n be_v engender_v use_v peculiar_a name_n for_o they_o for_o example_n a_o kind_n of_o stone_n like_o pebble_n which_o contain_v gold_n silver_n or_o any_o orhe_a metal_n they_o call_v guijos_n which_o breed_v a_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o other_o stone_n cachi_n another_o sort_n of_o stone_n white_a like_o alabaster_n soft_a and_o easy_a to_o break_v in_o piece_n be_v all_o this_o country_n call_v salt_n much_o lead_n be_v engender_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o metale_n paco_n which_o be_v the_o name_n the_o miner_n here_o give_v unto_o their_o silver_n oar._n chumpi_fw-la which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n be_v a_o stone_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o esmeril_n mix_v with_o iron_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o work_v because_o it_o resist_v the_o fire_n much_o it_o be_v find_v in_o potosi_n and_o chocaya_n and_o other_o place_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n and_o rosiclere_n lamacrudria_n be_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v close_o compact_v and_o solid_a and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o grain_n nor_o porousness_n when_o you_o break_v it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o sometime_o high_o colour_v as_o blood-red_a almaclaneta_fw-mi be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v another_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a of_o a_o dark_a colour_n always_o find_v in_o the_o company_n of_o rich_a metal_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v corrupt_v and_o rot_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v do_v in_o the_o govijos_n it_o grow_v upon_o the_o flint_n of_o the_o gold_n mine_n and_o those_o of_o copper_n and_o silver_n amolaclera_fw-la or_o whetstone_n be_v that_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o know_v to_o every_o body_n divers_a rich_a metal_n grow_v upon_o it_o but_o most_o common_o los_fw-es cobriscos_fw-la the_o vein_n of_o silver_n be_v rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o be_v find_v in_o pit-coal_n although_o it_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a bed_n for_o gold_n other_o stone_n that_o grow_v in_o mine_n or_o cleave_v unto_o the_o metal_n they_o call_v cique_n and_o also_o caxas_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a but_o not_o very_o hard_a nor_o very_o spungy_a and_o common_o have_v nothing_o of_o metal_n in_o they_o although_o in_o some_o rich_a mine_n they_o be_v infect_v with_o some_o little_a by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o oar._n the_o stone_n of_o potosi_n call_v vilacique_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n get_v out_o of_o they_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ingredient_n that_o make_v this_o province_n without_o comparison_n vila_n signify_v blood_n in_o peru_n or_o any_o red_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o streak_n of_o red_a this_o stone_n have_v in_o it_o they_o call_v it_o vilecique_n chap._n 14._o of_o precious_a stone_n precious_a stone_n be_v either_o transparent_a as_o the_o diamant_n be_v or_o obscure_a as_o the_o onyx_n or_o between_o both_o as_o the_o sandonyx_n and_o the_o jasper_n it_o be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o clearness_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o opacity_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o excel_v one_o the_o other_o in_o lustre_n and_o transparency_n be_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o humour_n congeal_v together_o to_o compose_v they_o which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o

a_o manner_n all_o copper_n and_o every_o spade_n depth_n as_o they_o dig_v downward_o the_o oar_n grow_v more_o rich_a in_o silver_n until_o it_o come_v to_o be_v pure_a silver_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n where_o the_o water_n increase_v to_o a_o man_n height_n hinder_v they_o from_o prosecute_n be_v far_a riches_n what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v a_o token_n of_o the_o affinity_n between_o the_o matter_n of_o composition_n of_o these_o metal_n and_o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a purification_n be_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o they_o there_o be_v many_o mine_n of_o copper_n in_o these_o province_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o mine_n whereout_o silver_n have_v be_v take_v have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o it_o which_o for_o the_o colour_n sake_n they_o call_v negrillo_n so_o that_o how_o many_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v so_o many_o mine_n there_o be_v whence_o copper_n may_v be_v get_v also_o beside_o there_o be_v mine_n of_o copper_n only_o from_o the_o very_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o there_o be_v divers_a ridge_n of_o hill_n about_o potosi_n that_o be_v full_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o mine_n although_o most_o of_o the_o copper_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o town_n have_v be_v get_v from_o the_o farm_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr laganillas_n and_o now_o be_v get_v from_o that_o of_o yura_n in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a old_a work_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o mountain_n scapi_fw-la two_o league_n from_o chuyca_n there_o be_v another_o also_o wherein_o there_o be_v copper-mettal_n like_o wire_n weave_v a_o league_n from_o sabalcha_n in_o the_o high_a way_n to_o colcha_fw-mi and_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v find_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o province_n yet_o no_o where_o be_v the_o success_n so_o prosperous_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o pereira_n and_o its_o confine_n until_o you_o come_v to_o guatacondo_n in_o atachama_n there_o be_v very_o large_a vein_n of_o copper_n some_o of_o they_o run_v unto_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o tumble_v down_o the_o cliff_n in_o great_a massy_a lump_n of_o this_o metal_n in_o the_o chicas_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o take_v up_o with_o silver_n it_o be_v full_a of_o copper_n mine_n and_o not_o far_o from_o esmoraca_n they_o get_v of_o this_o metal_n weave_v like_o wire_n or_o machacado_fw-it as_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o there_o be_v also_o very_o rich_a copper_n in_o oroncota_n and_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o tarabuco_n many_o pit_n and_o copper-work_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v to_o be_v see_v it_o be_v find_v likewise_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o charcas_n particular_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o maoha_n copoata_fw-la and_o chayanta_n and_o in_o paria_fw-la near_o unto_o oruro_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n the_o hill_n adjoin_v to_o the_o silver_n i_o call_v el_fw-es turco_n be_v full_a of_o copper_n near_o unto_o curaguara_n de_fw-fr palages_n there_o be_v many_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whence_o they_o get_v copper_n machacado_fw-it or_o like_o wire_n weave_v together_o in_o the_o high_a way_n between_o potosi_n and_o julloma_n one_o see_v many_o vein_n of_o copper_n also_o a_o league_n from_o callapa_n in_o the_o road_n that_o go_v to_o the_o city_n paz_n one_o cross_n some_o large_a vein_n of_o it_o not_o far_o from_o caquingora_n there_o be_v divers_a stately_a work_n and_o much_o copper_n machacado_fw-it upon_o a_o white_a chalk_n within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o league_n from_o julloma_n near_o unto_o the_o high_a way_n that_o go_v to_o calacoto_n in_o hill_n of_o dry_a clay_n i_o find_v branch_n or_o small_a vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n like_v unto_o fine_a gold_n whereof_o i_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o which_o be_v scatter_v about_o above_o ground_n there_o be_v of_o this_o metal_n machacado_fw-it in_fw-it choquepina_n near_o unto_o berenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n and_o several_a work_n and_o virgin_n vein_n in_o the_o high_a way_n from_o calacoto_n to_o potosi_n half_o a_o league_n before_o one_o arrive_v there_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o province_n chap._n 30._o of_o iron_n iron_n although_o it_o be_v not_o the_o most_o precious_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o metal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v it_o have_v do_v in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o great_a nature_n have_v make_v it_o so_o hard_a by_o put_v over_o much_o earthy_a part_n or_o fix_a sulphur_n in_o its_o composition_n although_o it_o have_v also_o a_o sufficient_a portion_n of_o humidity_n or_o quicksilver_n so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o very_a violent_a heat_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n it_o do_v not_o break_v into_o small_a piece_n as_o hard_a stone_n do_v but_o receive_v impression_n thereby_o dilate_v and_o extend_v itself_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n cold_a and_o dry_a but_o more_o porous_a than_o other_o and_o therefore_o weigh_v less_o and_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o rust_v and_o decay_v in_o the_o wet_a especial_o in_o salt-water_n which_o penetrate_v most_o it_o waste_v in_o the_o fire_n also_o every_o time_n it_o be_v heat_n fall_v off_o in_o scale_n because_o it_o want_v humidity_n proportionable_a to_o its_o earthiness_n if_o when_o it_o be_v red_a hot_a it_o be_v quench_v in_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v become_v very_o brittle_a because_o the_o heat_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a do_v there_o prey_n upon_o and_o consume_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a moisture_n which_o make_v it_o tough_a and_o malleable_a these_o fertile_a province_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o this_o also_o though_o none_o employ_v their_o labour_n to_o seek_v it_o out_o or_o work_v it_o because_o here_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n about_o which_o they_o be_v industrious_a to_o great_a profit_n and_o in_o truck_v for_o it_o they_o buy_v abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a iron_n of_o biscay_n this_o proceed_n be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o when_o one_o consider_v the_o abundance_n of_o copperas_n alum_n quicksilver_n and_o other_o mineral_n which_o be_v yearly_o bring_v from_o spain_n to_o these_o indies_n where_o the_o same_o commodity_n may_v be_v get_v in_o such_o abundance_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v not_o only_o the_o occasion_n of_o these_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o spain_n its_o self_n and_o of_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o oroncota_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o iron_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v encourage_v by_o the_o look_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fair_a appearance_n of_o the_o oar_n they_o find_v follow_v a_o large_a vein_n of_o metal_n hope_v that_o it_o be_v silver_n and_o bring_v i_o some_o of_o the_o oar_n to_o ensay_v it_o the_o which_o i_o do_v and_o undeceive_v they_o by_o tell_v they_o it_o be_v iron_n the_o same_o have_v happen_v in_o other_o vein_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n plicomayo_n five_o leagus_n from_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la although_o that_o oar_n have_v some_o copper_n mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v not_o pure_a iron_n as_o that_o of_o oroncota_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o ancorayme_v a_o town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o omasuyo_n there_o be_v noble_a mine_n wrought_v former_o by_o the_o ingas_n of_o so_o great_a fame_n that_o it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a one_o make_v a_o journey_n purposely_o to_o see_v they_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a colour_n although_o there_o be_v find_v together_o with_o it_o much_o oar_n that_o sparkle_v and_o shine_v if_o you_o rub_v piece_n of_o the_o dark_a oar_n together_o it_o produce_v a_o very_a fine_a blood_n colour_n like_o that_o of_o the_o hemmotite_n to_o who_o species_n undoubted_o it_o belong_v and_o be_v full_a of_o iron_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o many_o ensay_v it_o be_v possible_a the_o indian_n follow_v vein_n of_o rich_a metal_n in_o these_o mine_n which_o hitherto_o we_o have_v not_o meet_v withal_o or_o because_o iron_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o they_o dig_v this_o oar_n to_o fit_v it_o to_o their_o gun_n stone-bow_n and_o sling_n it_o be_v not_o inferior_a in_o weight_n or_o hardness_n to_o our_o iron_n bullet_n they_o do_v make_v use_n of_o these_o in_o their_o war_n and_o call_v they_o higuaye_v in_o oruro_n hard_o by_o the_o silver_n mine_n of_o santa_n brigida_n in_o the_o hollow_a between_o the_o hill_n there_o be_v a_o vein_n of_o iron_n of_o which_o out_o of_o curiosity_n and_o for_o example_n only_o when_o i_o be_v