Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	account_n	king_n	zion_n	22	3	8.4102	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51926	The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.; Historiae de rebus Hispaniae. English	Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.; Camargo y Salgado, Hernando, 1572-1652.; Varen de Soto, Basilio, d. 1673.; Stevens, John, d. 1726.	1699 (1699)	Wing M599; ESTC R18800	1,371,898	749

alonso_n of_o portugal_n take_v the_o title_n of_o king_n his_o war_n with_o the_o moor_n war_n betwixt_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o peace_n conclude_v baeça_n and_o almeria_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o lisbon_n by_o he_o of_o portugal_n p._n 169_o the_o eleven_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o come_n into_o spain_n of_o the_o moor_n call_v almohade_n the_o death_n of_o d._n garcia_n king_n of_o navarre_n by_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o horse_n his_o son_n sancho_n succeed_v he_o king_n alonso_z and_o his_o daughter_n both_o marry_v many_o place_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n p._n 171_o chap._n ii_o king_n luis_n the_o young_a of_o france_n come_v into_o spain_n alonso_z of_o castille_n and_o leon_n call_v the_o emperor_n die_v his_o son_n sancho_n and_o ferdinand_n inherit_v the_o crown_n of_o castille_n and_o leon._n original_a of_o the_o knight_n of_o calatrava_n p._n 174_o chap._n iii_o the_o death_n of_o sancho_n king_n of_o castille_n the_o great_a commotion_n that_o ensue_v the_o death_n of_o raymund_n prince_n of_o arragon_n his_o issue_n alonso_z his_o elder_a son_n succeed_v in_o his_o dominion_n p._n 176_o chap._n iu_o alonso_z the_o young_a king_n of_o castille_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n recover_v most_o of_o his_o dominion_n join_v in_o league_n with_o the_o aragonian_a and_o marry_v ellenor_n the_o daughter_n to_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o england_n some_o action_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o leon._n p._n 178_o chap._n v._o the_o league_n make_v against_o peter_n ruiz_n de_fw-fr açagra_n the_o original_a of_o the_o knight_n of_o santiago_n the_o take_n of_o cuenca_n by_o the_o christian_n increase_v of_o the_o knight_n of_o santiago_n or_o s._n james_n the_o apostle_n several_a place_n in_o navarre_n take_v by_o the_o castilian_n p._n 180_o chap._n vi_o rebellion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n suppress_v alonso_z king_n of_o portugal_n take_v by_o ferdinard_n of_o leon_n and_o set_v at_o liberty_n be_v besiege_a in_o santarem_n by_o the_o moor_n be_v relieve_v by_o he_o he_o vanquish_v the_o infidel_n action_n of_o his_o son_n sancho_n p._n 182_o chap._n vii_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n of_o leon_n and_o portugal_n alliance_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o defeat_n of_o the_o christian_n at_o alarcos_n sancho_n the_o wise_a king_n of_o navarre_n dies_z sancho_n i._o king_n of_o portugal_n alonso_z ix_o of_o leon._n p._n 183_o chap._n viii_o king_n alonso_z of_o arragon_n die_v and_o his_o son_n peter_n succeed_v he_o the_o king_n of_o leon_n divorce_v castilian_n and_o arragonian_n overrun_v navarre_n alonso_z king_n of_o castille_n be_v two_o daughter_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o leon._n plague_n and_o famine_n in_o spain_n p._n 186_o chap._n ix_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o death_n of_o some_o person_n of_o note_n peace_n conclude_v and_o alliance_n betwixt_o all_o the_o christian_a king_n of_o spain_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n with_o the_o moor_n a_o vast_a multitude_n of_o foreigner_n come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o christian_a king_n of_o spain_n p._n 187_o chap._n x._o the_o further_a progress_n of_o the_o christian_a army_n which_o obtain_v a_o most_o signal_n victory_n over_o the_o infidel_n of_o who_o 200000_o be_v slay_v and_o this_o call_v the_o battle_n of_o navas_n de_fw-fr tolosa_n many_o town_n take_v after_o this_o success_n p._n 189_o the_o twelve_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o original_a and_o growth_n of_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o albigenses_n which_o spread_v all_o over_o france_n and_o some_o part_n of_o spain_n preach_v against_o they_o unsuccessful_a war_n be_v resolve_v upon_o p._n 191_o chap._n ii_o the_o death_n of_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o alonso_z king_n of_o castille_n simon_n earl_n of_o montfort_n general_n of_o the_o catholic_n overthrow_v the_o heretic_n and_o take_v the_o town_n they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o p._n 193_o chap._n iii_o disorder_n in_o castille_n and_o arragon_n under_o the_o two_o infant_n king_n sancho_n king_n of_o navarre_n altogether_o decripid_a the_o lateran_n general_n council_n honour_n do_v there_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n p._n 195_o chap._n iu_o the_o family_n of_o lara_n take_v the_o government_n of_o castille_n into_o their_o hand_n they_o commit_v many_o insolence_n and_o oppress_v the_o nobility_n young_a king_n henry_n marry_v and_o divorce_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n escape_v from_o his_o keeper_n p._n 197_o chap._n v._o great_a disorder_n in_o castille_n raise_v by_o the_o family_n of_o lara_n young_a king_n henry_n kill_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o a_o tile_n ferdinand_n prince_n of_o leon_n succeed_v his_o mother_n berengaria_n renounce_v she_o right_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n s._n francis_n and_o la_fw-fr merced_n institute_v p._n 198_o chap._n vi_o the_o marriage_n of_o two_o king_n ferdinand_n of_o castille_n and_o jayme_n of_o arragon_n king_n ferdinand_n quell_v many_o commotion_n death_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o portugal_n p._n 200_o chap._n vii_o king_n ferdinand_n of_o castille_n be_v great_a success_n against_o the_o moor_n king_n jayme_n of_o arragon_n seize_v by_o some_o rebellious_a noble_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o commence_v war_n against_o the_o rebel_n p._n 202_o chap._n viii_o the_o war_n with_o the_o moor_n renew_v the_o island_n of_o majorca_n conquer_a by_o the_o arragonian_n the_o pope_n legate_n disannul_v the_o marriage_n of_o king_n jayme_n on_o account_n of_o consanguinity_n raymund_n earl_n of_o toulouze_n a_o heretic_n reduce_v p._n 204_o chap._n ix_o alonso_z king_n of_o leon_n defeat_v the_o moor_n take_v merida_n and_o badajoz_n and_o die_v crown_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n unite_v under_o ferdinand_n sancho_n king_n of_o navarre_n dies_z theobald_n succeed_v he_o interview_n of_o several_a king_n p._n 205_o chap._n x._o the_o beginning_n progress_n and_o end_n of_o the_o war_n against_o cordova_n with_o the_o conquest_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n p._n 206_o chap._n xi_o a_o moorish_a king_n baptise_a description_n of_o valencia_n its_o siege_n and_o surrender_v to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o be_v wound_v before_o it_o theobald_n king_n of_o navarre_n goes_z with_o other_o to_o the_o holy-war_n p._n 207_o the_o thirteen_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o take_n of_o many_o town_n by_o the_o christian_n the_o kingdom_n of_o murcia_n surrender_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n his_o marriage_n salamanca_n make_v a_o university_n 20000_o moor_n defeat_v by_o the_o christian_n p._n 208_o chap._n ii_o a_o defeat_n of_o the_o christian_n who_o recover_v and_o be_v successful_a take_v jaen_n and_o many_o other_o place_n the_o king_n of_o granada_n make_v tributary_n king_n sancho_n ii_o of_o portugal_n expel_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n p._n 209_o chap._n iii_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n against_o sevil._n arragon_n under_o a_o general_n interdict_v the_o siege_n and_o surrender_n of_o sevil._n carmona_n and_o several_a other_o place_n p._n 210_o chap._n iu_o s._n luis_n king_n of_o france_n send_v present_n to_o the_o church_n of_o toledo_n and_o make_v a_o unfortunate_a expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n arragon_n embroil_v king_n ferdinand_n of_o castille_n after_o gain_v much_o from_o the_o moor_n dies_fw-la p._n 211_o chap._n v._o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alonso_n he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n by_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o richard_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o the_o rest_n theobald_n i._o king_n of_o navarre_n dies_z his_o son_n theobald_n ii_o succeed_v he_o p._n 212_o chap._n vi_o arragon_n and_o castille_n at_o variance_n and_o reconcile_v sancho_n king_n of_o portugal_n die_v in_o exile_n death_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n of_o arragon_n portugal_n under_o a_o interdict_v marriage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o of_o navarre_n and_o prince_n of_o arragon_n p._n 213_o chap._n vii_o the_o family_n of_o the_o merines_n obtain_v the_o empire_n of_o africa_n the_o war_n against_o the_o moor_n renew_v in_o spain_n cuidad_fw-es rodrigo_n build_v trouble_n in_o arragon_n the_o city_n murcia_n take_v and_o the_o king_n of_o granada_n make_v tributary_n p._n 214_o chap._n viii_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o sicily_n extinguish_v by_o the_o french_a the_o empress_n of_o constantinople_n come_v into_o spain_n and_o jayme_n king_n of_o arragon_n to_o toledo_n p._n 215_o chap._n ix_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v expedition_n for_o the_o holy-land_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o navarre_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n move_v upon_o the_o same_o enterprise_n the_o noble_n of_o castille_n revolt_n trouble_n in_o arragon_n p._n 216_o chap._n x._o rodulphus_fw-la of_o ausburg_n choose_a emperor_n henry_n king_n of_o navarre_n dies_z his_o daughter_n joanna_n inherit_v alonso_z king_n of_o castille_n agree_v with_o his_o noble_n then_o go_v into_o france_n

jew_n expel_v spain_n pope_n innocent_a viii_o dies_fw-la alexander_n vi_o succeed_v he_o navarre_n pacify_v roussillon_n and_o cerdagne_n restore_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n p._n 460_o chap._n two_o discovery_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west-indies_n controversy_n arise_v betwixt_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n concern_v their_o discovery_n roussillon_n and_o cerdagne_n restore_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n p._n 461_o chap._n iii_o palma_n one_o of_o the_o canary-island_n conquer_a the_o mastership_n of_o the_o three_o military_a order_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o castille_n the_o original_a of_o the_o neapolitan_a war._n the_o death_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o naples_n p._n 464_o chap._n iu_o the_o french_a invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n a_o account_n of_o luis_n sforcia_n duke_n of_o milan_n the_o french_a king_n at_o rome_n alonso_z king_n of_o naples_n abdicate_v the_o french_a possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n p._n 465_o chap._n v._o the_o league_n against_o the_o french_a carry_v on_o with_o wonderful_a secrecy_n the_o french_a king_n return_v home_o the_o venetian_n overthrow_v by_o the_o french_a king_n ferdinand_n of_o naples_n successful_a against_o they_o and_o recover_v that_o noble_a city_n p._n 468_o chap._n vi_o the_o death_n of_o john_n ii_o king_n of_o portugal_n the_o french_a quite_o expel_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o spain_n honour_v by_o the_o pope_n with_o the_o title_n of_o catholic_n king_n the_o posture_n of_o affair_n in_o portugal_n under_o emanuel_n the_o new_a king_n p._n 469_o chap._n vii_o the_o death_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o naples_n the_o emperor_n pass_v into_o italy_n the_o pope_n force_n defeat_v by_o the_o ursini_n the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o gandia_n the_o marriage_n of_o prince_n john_n of_o spain_n proposal_n concern_v settle_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n p._n 472_o chap._n viii_o progress_n of_o the_o portuguese_n discovery_n in_o the_o east_n peter_n covillam_n and_o alonso_n de_fw-fr paira_n send_v to_o india_n by_o land_n vasca_n de_fw-fr gama_n send_v to_o discover_v india_n by_o sea_n with_o four_o ship_n his_o voyage_n till_o he_o come_v to_o calicut_n p._n 474_o chap._n ix_o a_o short_a but_o particular_a account_n of_o india_n what_o happen_v to_o vasco_n de_fw-fr gama_n at_o calicut_n his_o bold_a enterprise_n there_o and_o a_o relation_n of_o his_o return_n to_o portugal_n p._n 476_o chap._n x._o a_o account_n of_o the_o navigation_n of_o vasco_n de_fw-fr gama_n and_o of_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o his_o way_n of_o the_o island_n of_o zocotora_n and_o of_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o asia_n as_o far_o as_o china_n and_o the_o method_n observe_v by_o the_o portuguese_n in_o sail_v thither_o p._n 478_o the_o twenty_o seven_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o castille_n of_o charles_n viii_o king_n of_o france_n match_n of_o two_o daughter_n of_o spain_n the_o prince_n of_o salerno_n expel_v naples_n france_n and_o spain_n agree_v hierom_n savonorola_n burn_v at_o florence_n p._n 480_o chap._n ii_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n swear_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o castille_n elizabeth_z his_o queen_n deliver_v of_o a_o son_n dies_z the_o duke_n of_o milan_n expel_v his_o dominion_n university_n of_o alcala_n found_v rebellion_n of_o the_o mountain_n moor_n p._n 481_o chap._n iii_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o the_o french_a possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o take_v the_o duke_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o cardinal_z the_o great_a year_n of_o jubelee_n 1500._o the_o league_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n cefalonia_n take_v from_o the_o turk_n p._n 484_o chap._n iu_o king_n ferdinand_n be_v double_a deal_n the_o princess_n mary_n of_o castille_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n joint_o subdue_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n action_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n p._n 486_o chap._n v._o the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n fall_v at_o variance_n about_o divide_v their_o conquest_n the_o description_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n frederick_n king_n of_o naples_n put_v himself_o into_o the_o french_a king_n hand_n french_z perish_v by_o pestilence_n and_o stress_n of_o wether_n the_o come_n of_o the_o archduke_n into_o spain_n p._n 488_o chap._n vi_o further_a action_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n at_o naples_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n contrary_a to_o article_n send_v into_o spain_n the_o french_a and_o spanish_a general_n consult_v their_o king_n and_o have_v a_o conference_n to_o adjust_a difference_n in_o the_o division_n of_o naples_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o they_o p._n 490_o chap._n vii_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o princess_z his_o wife_n swear_v heir_n of_o arragon_n he_o go_v away_o for_o flanders_n the_o spaniard_n offer_v battle_n to_o the_o french_a several_a small_a action_n betwixt_o they_o the_o spaniard_n decline_v in_o calabria_n be_v defeat_v p._n 492_o chap_n viii_o great_a booty_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n as_o also_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n a_o combat_n betwixt_o 13_o french_z and_o as_o many_o italian_n several_a loss_n of_o the_o french_a the_o marquis_n del_fw-it gasto_n come_v over_o to_o the_o spaniard_n p._n 494_o chap._n ix_o the_o peace_n conclude_v by_o the_o archduke_n with_o france_n it_o take_v no_o effect_n succour_n from_o spain_n arrive_v at_o naples_n the_o lord_n aubigni_n defeat_v and_o take_v p._n 496_o chap._n x._o the_o battle_n of_o cirinola_n and_o great_a overthrow_n of_o the_o french_a almost_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n subdue_v by_o the_o great_a captain_n his_o reception_n into_o that_o noble_a city_n p._n 497_o the_o twenty_o eight_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o siege_n of_o gaeta_n the_o death_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o pius_n iii_o choose_v practice_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o french_a invade_v roussillion_n p._n 501_o chap._n ii_o the_o french_a besiege_v saulse_n or_o as_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o salsas_n the_o siege_n raise_v nineteen_o sail_n of_o infidel_n destroy_v pope_n pius_n iii_o dies_fw-la julius_n ii_o choose_v the_o french_a army_n march_v through_o italy_n two_o defeat_n give_v they_o p._n 502_o chap._n iii_o the_o city_n gaeta_n surrender_v a_o truce_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o perfect_a of_o rome_n submit_v to_o spain_n the_o nobility_n of_o naples_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o spain_n and_o several_a city_n of_o italy_n sue_v for_o its_o protection_n truce_n for_o 3_o year_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n p._n 505_o chap._n vi_o perfidiousness_n of_o duke_n valentine_n who_o be_v as_o perfidious_o send_v into_o spain_n by_o the_o great_a captain_n contrary_a to_o his_o promise_n and_o he_o ill_o represent_v to_o the_o king_n project_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n come_v to_o nothing_o p._n 507_o chap._n v._o the_o league_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n the_o archduke_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o league_n against_o the_o venetian_n the_o death_n of_o king_n frederick_n of_o naples_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o castille_n contention_n about_o the_o government_n of_o castille_n betwixt_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o king_n philip._n treaty_n with_o france_n p._n 509_o chap._n vi_o king_n ferdinand_n become_v odious_a to_o his_o people_n the_o posture_n of_o affair_n in_o italy_n the_o emperor_n and_o king_n philip_n of_o castille_n ratify_v the_o peace_n with_o france_n king_n ferdinand_n agree_v with_o the_o french_a king_n p._n 511_o chap._n vii_o mazalquivir_fw-fr in_o africa_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n the_o nobility_n of_o spain_n divide_v for_o and_o against_o king_n philip._n the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o philip_n the_o latter_a in_o england_n p._n 513_o chap._n viii_o the_o affair_n of_o portugal_n a_o bloody_a mutiny_n at_o lisbon_n king_n ferdinand_n marry_v queen_n germana_n king_n philip_n come_v into_o spain_n and_o declare_v against_o the_o treaty_n with_o king_n ferdinand_n death_n of_o christopher_n columbus_n p._n 515_o chap._n ix_o the_o spaniard_n and_o fleming_n at_o variance_n upon_o their_o first_o meeting_n king_n ferdinand_z raises_z forces_z pretend_v to_o rescue_v his_o daughter_n many_o forsake_v he_o and_o he_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v castille_n a_o interview_n of_o the_o two_o king_n p._n 517_o chap._n x._o the_o two_o king_n of_o spain_n agree_v and_o join_v in_o league_n joanna_n king_n philip_n be_v queen_n distract_v through_o jealousy_n trouble_n in_o castille_n king_n ferdinand_n and_o his_o queen_n go_v to_o zaragoca_fw-mi jealeusie_n start_v against_o the_o great_a captain_n king_n philip_z dies_z p._n 519_o the_o twenty_o nine_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o settlement_n make_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o castille_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip._n the_o catholic_n king_n go_v over_o to_o naples_n his_o reception_n

as_o that_o of_o wamba_n the_o ruin_n of_o it_o still_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o marketplace_n of_o zocodover_n and_o at_o the_o gate_n del_fw-it hierro_n wamba_n the_o more_o to_o strengthen_v the_o it_o place_n and_o bring_v the_o suburb_n within_o the_o city_n add_v a_o wall_n low_o stone_n be_v bring_v for_o the_o work_n from_o all_o part_n and_o particular_o as_o be_v suppose_v from_o a_o old_a roman_a fabric_n like_o a_o circus_n which_o they_o have_v former_o raise_v there_o with_o marble_n stone_n in_o it_o and_o figure_n like_o rose_n or_o wheel_n carve_v on_o they_o the_o common_a sort_n be_v persuade_v those_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o wamba_n but_o those_o very_a stone_n prove_v the_o contrary_a because_o they_o be_v lay_v without_o any_o order_n or_o method_n but_o just_a as_o they_o be_v bring_v so_o they_o be_v place_v by_o the_o workman_n grave_a author_n affirm_v that_o in_o memory_n hereof_o he_o cause_v two_o verse_n to_o be_v carve_v on_o the_o principal_a tower_n in_o unpolished_a latin_a such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n the_o sense_n of_o they_o be_v with_o the_o help_n of_o god_n the_o mighty_a king_n wamba_n raise_v the_o beautiful_a wall_n to_o his_o city_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o nation_n beside_o on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tower_n he_o place_v the_o statue_n of_o those_o saint_n hold_v in_o great_a veneration_n in_o the_o town_n of_o white_a marble_n and_o under_o they_o other_o two_o verse_n to_o this_o effect_n you_o saint_n who_o be_v honour_v here_o keep_v this_o city_n and_o people_n and_o avert_v as_o you_o can_v all_o sickness_n these_o statue_n be_v fall_v and_o the_o inscription_n wear_v out_o by_o time_n king_n philip_n ii_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v anew_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o wamba_n reign_n which_o be_v of_o our_o lord_n 675._o he_o cause_v a_o synod_n of_o 17_o bishop_n and_o 7_o abbot_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o 675._o toledo_n this_o be_v count_v the_o 11_o council_n of_o toledo_n about_o the_o same_o time_n another_o synod_n be_v celebrate_v braga_n at_o braga_n and_o be_v the_o three_o of_o that_o city_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o any_o other_o council_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o wamba_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v there_o be_v more_o both_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o former_a council_n have_v ordain_v the_o keep_n of_o yearly_a provincial_a synod_n and_o because_o grave_a author_n affirm_v that_o by_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o toledo_n in_o his_o time_n the_o bound_n of_o each_o bishopric_n be_v assign_v and_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o spain_n wamba_n institute_v many_o law_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o justice_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a defect_n in_o particular_a he_o correct_v the_o military_a discipline_n he_o ordain_v that_o when_o wamba_n force_n be_v raise_v all_o shall_v repair_v to_o the_o standard_n that_o be_v not_o over_o or_o under_o age_n or_o hinder_v by_o sickness_n also_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v send_v to_o the_o army_n the_o twelve_o slave_n with_o such_o weapon_n as_o be_v there_o specify_v differ_v from_o the_o rest_n even_o the_o bishop_n and_o priest_n be_v command_v to_o march_v with_o their_o people_n 100_o miles_n in_o case_n of_o invasion_n or_o inroad_n make_v by_o the_o enemy_n by_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o management_n of_o king_n wamba_n the_o goth_n obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n at_o sea_n the_o saracen_n be_v possess_v of_o all_o africa_a along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o straits_n to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n nile_n and_o design_v to_o pass_v over_o into_o europe_n have_v set_v out_o a_o fleet_n of_o 170_o sail_n with_o which_o they_o run_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o goth_n fit_v out_o another_o great_a goth_n fleet_n and_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n utter_o destroy_v the_o enemy_n burn_v and_o take_v most_o of_o their_o fleet._n there_o be_v author_n that_o say_v the_o fleet_n of_o the_o saracen_n come_v into_o spain_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o ervigius_n who_o be_v a_o man_n in_o great_a power_n of_o the_o family_n of_o king_n recesuinthus_n aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o be_v disappoint_v this_o way_n find_v mean_n to_o give_v the_o king_n a_o poisonous_a potion_n with_o which_o he_o present_o sicken_v and_o on_o a_o sudden_a lose_v all_o his_o sense_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v think_v he_o can_v not_o live_v beyond_o the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n they_o shave_v his_o beard_n shore_n his_o head_n like_o a_o priest_n and_o put_v he_o on_o a_o monk_n habit_n as_o be_v use_v in_o those_o day_n all_o this_o be_v do_v as_o suppose_v by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o ervigius_n that_o in_o case_n he_o recover_v he_o shall_v be_v incapable_a of_o reign_v as_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o 6_o council_n of_o toledo_n be_v as_o be_v think_v at_o the_o last_o gasp_n though_o he_o be_v not_o in_o his_o sense_n they_o cause_v he_o to_o declare_v ervigius_n his_o successor_n and_o have_v draw_v a_o form_n of_o renunciation_n force_v he_o to_o sign_n it_o all_o this_o happen_v on_o sunday_n the_o 14_o of_o october_n as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o year_n 680._o 680._o notwithstanding_o wamba_n the_o day_n follow_v come_v to_o himself_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o recall_v crown_n what_o he_o have_v do_v thus_o a_o mighty_a king_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a make_v a_o monk_n and_o resolve_v to_o forsake_v the_o world_n for_o ervigius_n the_o same_o day_n have_v cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n though_o the_o anoint_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o sunday_n immediate_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o pampliega_n seat_v according_a to_o some_o opinion_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o munon_n where_o he_o spend_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o life_n which_o according_a to_o some_o be_v 7_o year_n and_o 3_o month_n and_o more_o according_a to_o other_o he_o reign_v 8_o year_n 1_o month_n and_o 14_o day_n day_n be_v bury_v in_o that_o monastery_n and_o thence_o by_o king_n alonso_n the_o wise_a translate_v to_o toledo_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n leocadia_n where_o lie_v also_o king_n recesuinthus_n julian_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n anoint_v the_o new_a king_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o quiricus_n his_o predecessor_n die_v about_o that_o time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o that_o he_o renounce_v the_o dignity_n see_v the_o wrong_n that_o be_v do_v the_o good_a king_n wamba_n chap._n vii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n ervigius_n and_o egica_n flavius_z ervigius_n by_o wicked_a mean_n ascend_v the_o throne_n as_o have_v be_v say_v yet_o he_o govern_v well_o well_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o in_o his_o ill_n get_v power_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o show_n of_o religion_n call_v together_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o kingdom_n thirty_o five_o meet_v at_o toledo_n on_o the_o 9th_o of_o january_n 681._o and_o this_o be_v count_v the_o 12_o council_n of_o that_o city_n many_o act_n be_v pass_v in_o this_o synod_n but_o the_o two_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o first_o approve_v the_o election_n 681._o of_o ervigius_n because_o they_o dare_v do_v no_o otherwise_o and_o declare_v the_o subject_n free_a from_o their_o toledo_n oath_n of_o allegiance_n on_o account_n of_o wamba_n resignation_n the_o second_o be_v give_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n power_n to_o create_v bishop_n throughout_o spain_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o of_o confirm_v those_o make_v by_o he_o two_o year_n after_o this_o there_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o city_n by_o the_o king_n order_n 38_o bishop_n 26_o vicar_n of_o absent_a bishop_n and_o 9_o abbot_n who_o together_o with_o 683._o toledo_n many_o of_o the_o noble_n then_o present_a celebrate_v the_o 13_o council_n of_o toledo_n on_o the_o four_o of_o november_n 683._o and_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o ervigius_n in_o this_o council_n the_o chief_a act_n be_v a_o pardon_n to_o those_o that_o have_v follow_v paul_n party_n abatement_n of_o tax_n and_o a_o law_n to_o protect_v queen_n leubigotona_n and_o her_o child_n in_o case_n of_o the_o king_n death_n the_o follow_a year_n by_o command_n of_o pope_n leo_n ii_o be_v hold_v the_o 14_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o order_n to_o their_o receive_v 684._o the_o decree_n of_o a_o council_n celebrate_v not_o long_o before_o at_o constantinople_n at_o which_o be_v constantinople_n 290_o prelate_n and_o it_o be_v reckon_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o general_a council_n only_o 17_o bishop_n and_o 10_o deputy_n assist_v at_o this_o synod_n and_o approve_v and_o receive_v the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n condemn_v as_o

month_n his_o severity_n and_o the_o mutability_n of_o those_o people_n cause_v his_o ruin_n one_o mahomet_n be_v put_v into_o his_o place_n and_o reign_v one_o year_n four_o month_n and_o twenty_o two_o day_n and_o then_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o citizen_n the_o same_o befall_v hiaya_n the_o son_n of_o hali_n who_o be_v of_o the_o other_o faction_n and_o have_v be_v before_o proclaim_a king_n he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n slay_v at_o malaga_n whither_o as_o be_v say_v he_o have_v retire_v when_o he_o have_v reign_v in_o cordova_n only_o three_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n after_o this_o idric_n brother_n to_o hali_n and_o uncle_n to_o hiaya_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o africa_n where_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o ceuta_n to_o take_v the_o crown_n this_o man_n be_v come_v into_o spain_n what_o on_o account_n of_o his_o kindred_n with_o the_o other_o two_o and_o what_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n sevil_n almeria_n and_o other_o neighbour_a city_n the_o inland_n continue_v under_o hissem_n for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o hiaya_n the_o people_n of_o cordova_n have_v reinthron_v he_o unless_o it_o be_v another_o of_o the_o same_o name_n those_o citizen_n make_v choice_n of_o for_o these_o affair_n be_v very_o dark_a the_o extravagancy_n of_o minister_n common_o turn_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o master_n as_o happen_v to_o hissem_n for_o his_o alhagib_n or_o viceroy_n be_v cruel_a and_o covetous_a be_v kill_v and_o the_o king_n expel_v his_o city_n in_o that_o confusion_n a_o youth_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o humeyas_n be_v assist_v by_o a_o company_n of_o wild_a young_a fellow_n enter_v the_o palace_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o soldier_n to_o proclaim_v he_o king_n they_o excuse_v themselves_o with_o the_o disloyalty_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o advise_v he_o to_o take_v warning_n by_o so_o many_o as_o have_v perish_v before_o he_o to_o this_o he_o answer_v call_v i_o king_n to_o day_n and_o kill_v i_o to_o morrow_n such_o be_v the_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o reign_v nevertheless_o this_o man_n and_o hissem_n with_o all_o the_o abenhumeyas_n as_o the_o causer_n of_o all_o these_o confusion_n be_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o town_n by_o the_o citizen_n hissem_n tire_v with_o so_o many_o change_n of_o fortune_n at_o last_o come_v to_o zaragoça_n where_o he_o be_v well_o receive_v by_o zulema_n abenbut_n king_n of_o that_o city_n who_o give_v he_o a_o castle_n call_v alçuela_fw-mi where_o he_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n as_o a_o private_a man._n d._n roderick_n the_o archbishop_n who_o give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o cordova_n somewhat_o more_o obscure_a than_o it_o be_v set_v down_o here_o do_v not_o mention_v what_o become_v of_o idric_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a in_o such_o confusion_n to_o be_v plain_a we_o can_v only_o add_v that_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o moor_n which_o for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v mantain_v itself_o in_o great_a power_n and_o splendour_n in_o spain_n so_o visible_o decay_v that_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o sovereignty_n for_o every_o one_o that_o can_v possess_v himself_o of_o a_o city_n call_v himself_o principality_n king_n of_o it_o jahuar_fw-mi seize_v cordova_n albudazin_n sevil._n haytan_n he_o that_o at_o first_o assist_v hissem_n and_o then_o become_v his_o enemy_n secure_v toledo_n some_o will_v have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n to_o be_v more_o ancient_n because_o that_o city_n often_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o cordova_n other_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v in_o other_o city_n too_o long_o and_o confuse_a to_o insert_v here_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o know_v that_o these_o sovereignty_n continue_v till_o the_o powerful_a family_n of_o the_o almoravide_n come_v into_o spain_n with_o their_o king_n thesephin_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1091._o let_v we_o turn_v back_o now_o to_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o christian_n under_o the_o earl_n d._n sancho_n and_o king_n alonso_n chap._n ix_o the_o last_o action_n of_o d._n alonso_n king_n of_o leon_n and_o his_o death_n the_o reign_n of_o d._n bermudo_n the_o three_o his_o son_n sancho_n earl_n of_o castille_n poison_n his_o mother_n his_o son_n garcia_n murder_v d._n sancho_n earl_n of_o castille_n desire_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n and_o leon_n that_o be_v his_o ally_n enter_v the_o kingdom_n moor_n of_o toledo_n put_v all_o that_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n to_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o same_o havoc_n be_v make_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o cordova_n whither_o our_o force_n advance_v encourage_v with_o their_o success_n in_o both_o place_n a_o great_a booty_n of_o captive_n and_o cattle_n be_v take_v though_o the_o harm_n be_v great_a much_o more_o be_v the_o terror_n this_o strike_v into_o the_o infidel_n who_o be_v embroil_v in_o civil_a war_n can_v not_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n so_o that_o they_o who_o not_o long_o before_o keep_v the_o christian_n peace_n in_o continual_a fear_n be_v now_o force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n at_o a_o dear_a sepulveda_n a_o town_n on_o the_o frontier_n also_o osma_n santistevan_n de_fw-fr gormaz_n and_o other_o town_n take_v by_o the_o moor_n in_o the_o last_o war_n be_v now_o recover_v from_o this_o time_n some_o anthor_n write_v the_o nobility_n of_o castille_n be_v exempt_v from_o follow_v the_o war_n at_o their_o own_o cost_n only_o upon_o the_o hope_n of_o booty_n and_o it_o be_v ordain_v they_o shall_v receive_v pay_v as_o be_v use_v in_o all_o other_o country_n d._n sancho_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n blemish_v the_o honour_n gain_v in_o this_o expedition_n by_o the_o death_n he_o put_v his_o mother_n he_o to_o she_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o a_o lewd_a brawny_a moor_n and_o dare_v not_o marry_v he_o not_o so_o much_o for_o any_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n as_o for_o fear_n of_o her_o son_n and_o therefore_o resolve_v to_o murder_v he_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o make_v way_n to_o her_o infamous_a wedding_n the_o do_v be_v prepare_v to_o poison_n he_o but_o the_o earl_n have_v intelligence_n of_o it_o force_v his_o mother_n by_o way_n of_o respect_n to_o drink_v first_o of_o the_o cup_n she_o offer_v he_o hence_o some_o think_v spring_v the_o custom_n use_v in_o some_o part_n of_o spain_n to_o make_v the_o woman_n drink_v before_o the_o men._n other_o author_n write_v that_o a_o lady_n belong_v to_o the_o countess_n have_v see_v she_o prepare_v the_o do_v give_v notice_n to_o her_o husband_n who_o some_o call_v sancho_n del_fw-it valle_n de_fw-fr espinosa_n and_o he_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o thereby_o obtain_v that_o privilege_n enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o family_n of_o monteros_n de_fw-fr espinosa_n of_o guard_v the_o king_n person_n by_o night_n true_a it_o be_v i_o find_v no_o good_a ground_n to_o believe_v this_o relation_n but_o it_o be_v so_o record_v and_o the_o people_n of_o that_o town_n affirm_v it_o as_o a_o certain_a truth_n they_o add_v that_o the_o earl_n to_o atone_v for_o this_o fault_n and_o allay_v the_o hatred_n the_o people_n have_v conceive_v against_o he_o build_v a_o monastery_n for_o nun_n and_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o mother_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o ona_n which_o monastery_n sancho_n the_o great_a king_n of_o navarre_n give_v to_o the_o monk_n of_o cluni_n and_o in_o our_o day_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o that_o country_n d._n sancho_n by_o his_o wife_n da._n vrraca_n have_v d._n garcia_n da._n nuna_n da._n teresa_n and_o da._n trigida_n the_o two_o elder_a daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o great_a man_n trigida_n be_v abbess_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o ona_n about_o the_o same_o time_n d._n sancho_n make_v a_o new_a way_n for_o issue_n stranger_n to_o travel_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n james_n the_o apostle_n through_o navarre_n rioja_n briviesca_n and_o the_o country_n of_o burgos_n before_o this_o time_n the_o christian_a dominion_n be_v of_o a_o small_a extent_n the_o pilgrim_n that_o come_v out_o of_o france_n use_v to_o travel_v with_o much_o difficulty_n through_o biscay_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o asturias_n where_o the_o way_n be_v uncouth_a and_o there_o be_v a_o general_a want_n of_o all_o necessary_n king_n alonso_z enjoy_v a_o perfect_a peace_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n among_o the_o moor_n and_o the_o league_n that_o be_v between_o the_o christian_a prince_n give_v his_o mind_n whole_o to_o the_o civil_a government_n and_o hold_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n or_o parliament_n at_o oviedo_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1020._o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v correct_v 1020._o the_o king_n at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n rebuilt_a the_o city_n

the_o synod_n break_v up_o have_v settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o city_n the_o king_n go_v away_o to_o leon_n leave_v queen_n constance_n and_o the_o archbishop_n there_o with_o a_o good_a garrison_n there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a number_n of_o christian_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o moor_n yet_o all_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v well_o secure_v however_o the_o rashness_n of_o the_o new_a prelate_n put_v the_o city_n in_o danger_n of_o be_v lose_v our_o lady_n church_n which_o as_o curious_a person_n have_v observe_v be_v now_o a_o monastery_n of_o carmelites_n be_v then_o the_o cathedral_n the_o great_a church_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moor_n it_o seem_v not_o decent_a that_o in_o a_o city_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n they_o shall_v possess_v the_o best_a church_n this_o might_n in_o time_n have_v be_v regulate_v but_o the_o archbishop_n haste_n have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v all_o he_o agree_v with_o the_o queen_n to_o take_v it_o forcible_o from_o they_o by_o night_n article_n and_o according_o break_v open_v the_o door_n cast_v out_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o mahometan_n erect_a altar_n and_o hang_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o steeple_n call_v together_o the_o christian_n to_o assist_v at_o divine_a service_n this_o alarm_v the_o infidel_n so_o that_o they_o can_v scarce_o refrain_v from_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o only_o forbear_v in_o hope_n the_o king_n will_v do_v they_o justice_n when_o the_o news_n of_o what_o have_v be_v do_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n he_o be_v great_o enrage_v and_o post_v away_o to_o toledo_n with_o full_a resolution_n to_o punish_v this_o breach_n of_o article_n with_o the_o utmost_a severity_n all_o the_o principal_a inhabitant_n of_o toledo_n know_v his_o design_n go_v out_o in_o mourn_v to_o meet_v he_o and_o the_o clergy_n in_o procession_n and_o be_v come_v to_o his_o presence_n prostrate_v on_o the_o ground_n beg_v pardon_n their_o entreaty_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o he_o persist_v inflexible_a god_n almighty_a in_o a_o unexpected_a manner_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o evil_a that_o be_v fear_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o moor_n their_o passion_n be_v over_o consider_v if_o the_o king_n use_v any_o severity_n on_o their_o account_n it_o may_v after_o his_o day_n turn_v to_o their_o ruin_n go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o meet_v the_o king_n beg_v he_o will_v forgive_v the_o queen_n and_o archbishop_n so_o they_o may_v for_o the_o future_a be_v secure_v in_o their_o possession_n this_o request_n make_v by_o the_o infidel_n be_v so_o surprise_v that_o he_o not_o only_o pardon_v archbishop_n those_o they_o beg_v for_o but_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v ever_o remember_v that_o day_n and_o be_v favourable_a to_o they_o for_o the_o love_n they_o have_v show_v he_o all_o the_o city_n rejoice_v and_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o memory_n of_o this_o day_n be_v the_o 24_o of_o january_n shall_v be_v for_o ever_o preserve_v make_v it_o a_o festival_n under_o the_o name_n of_o our_o lady_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v say_v above_o that_o richard_n abbot_n of_o marseilles_n be_v send_v by_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o as_o his_o legate_n into_o spain_n and_o that_o in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o burgos_n he_o have_v establish_v the_o roman_a ceremony_n proceed_n and_o form_n of_o prayer_n this_o legate_n abuse_v his_o power_n commit_v many_o insolence_n without_o regard_n to_o any_o thing_n but_o gain_n which_o scandalize_v the_o people_n so_o that_o they_o rail_v not_o only_o at_o he_o but_o at_o the_o pope_n himself_o bernard_n the_o archbishop_n be_v trouble_v at_o these_o miscarriage_n but_o have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o redress_v they_o it_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n of_o spain_n in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o eight_o general_n council_n which_o be_v the_o last_o of_o constantinople_n that_o no_o metropolitan_n shall_v be_v consecrate_a or_o exercise_v their_o function_n till_o their_o election_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o he_o have_v send_v they_o the_o pall._n this_o process_n of_o time_n be_v extend_v to_o bishop_n upon_o these_o two_o motive_n the_o archbishop_n resolve_v to_o go_v to_o rome_n but_o before_o his_o departure_n with_o the_o king_n approbation_n he_o gather_v a_o synod_n of_o bishop_n and_o consecrate_a the_o cathedral_n of_o toledo_n under_o the_o invocation_n of_o st._n mary_n st._n peter_n st._n paul_n st._n stephen_n and_o the_o holy-cross_n vrban_n ii_o be_v pope_n in_o the_o year_n 1088._o bernard_n the_o archbishop_n be_v at_o rome_n obtain_v all_o he_o desire_v to_o wit_n the_o recall_v of_o the_o legate_n and_o the_o confirm_v of_o himself_o primate_n of_o all_o spain_n 1088._o and_o that_o part_n of_o france_n call_v gallia_n gothica_n by_o this_o authority_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n he_o call_v a_o synod_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n to_o toulouze_n where_o he_o prevail_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o their_o spain_n metropolitan_a before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o archbishop_n to_o toledo_n the_o legate_n have_v attempt_v to_o abrogate_v the_o gotbick_a missal_n and_o breviary_n and_o introduce_v the_o roman_a this_o have_v be_v often_o endeavour_v but_o the_o people_n tenacious_a of_o old_a custom_n still_o oppose_v it_o now_o the_o queen_n the_o primate_n and_o the_o legate_n use_v such_o mean_n that_o at_o length_n they_o prevail_v yet_o so_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a church_n the_o ancient_a form_n shall_v still_o be_v continue_v which_o be_v observe_v to_o this_o day_n introduce_v and_o that_o service_n be_v still_o use_v on_o certain_a festival_n in_o those_o church_n beside_o in_o the_o cathedral_n there_o be_v a_o chapel_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o number_n of_o chaplain_n call_v mocarabe_n or_o more_o proper_o mixtiar_n abes_fw-la who_o still_o use_v that_o massal_n and_o breviary_n this_o name_n of_o mixtiarabe_n corrupt_o moçarabe_n be_v give_v to_o the_o christian_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o moor_n live_v under_o their_o government_n and_o mix_v with_o the_o infidel_n all_o the_o new_a church_n in_o toledo_n be_v order_v to_o say_v mass_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a liturgy_n this_o debate_n be_v end_v the_o city_n begin_v to_o flourish_v beautiful_a new_a building_n be_v erect_v many_o of_o the_o moor_n go_v away_o and_o their_o place_n be_v fill_v by_o christian_a inhabitant_n to_o who_o be_v grant_v privilege_n and_o immunity_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o royal_a charter_n still_o preserve_v among_o the_o record_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n 1091._o 1091._o bernard_n the_o primate_n who_o study_v nothing_o but_o the_o public_a good_a gather_v a_o synod_n at_o leon_n leon._n at_o which_o be_v present_a cardinal_n raynerius_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o succeed_v richard_n the_o cardinal_n many_o decree_n be_v here_o make_v for_o reformation_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o that_o time_n grownivery_n corrupt_v it_o be_v also_o ordain_v that_o for_o the_o future_a in_o all_o public_a write_n the_o gothick_n character_n shall_v be_v no_o long_o use_v but_o instead_o of_o it_o the_o french_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n brief_o to_o show_v how_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n come_v first_o to_o be_v primate_fw-la and_o metropolitant_n of_o all_o spain_n some_o will_v deduce_v it_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spain_n apostle_n and_o pretend_v that_o s._n eugenius_n the_o martyr_n come_v to_o spain_n and_o be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n but_o we_o have_v only_o the_o authority_n of_o modern_a author_n for_o it_o by_o the_o ancient_a council_n it_o appear_v that_o their_o authority_n be_v not_o so_o long_a a_o stand_n since_o they_o sign_v not_o to_o any_o of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n there_o be_v former_o in_o spain_n 5_o archbishopric_n viz._n tarragona_n braga_n merida_n sevil_n and_o toledo_n and_o none_o of_o these_o acknowledge_v any_o superior_a but_o the_o pope_n and_o each_o take_v place_n in_o council_n according_a to_o the_o seniority_n of_o his_o consecration_n now_o the_o goth_n who_o at_o first_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n have_v subdue_v all_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o spain_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n hence_o this_o city_n be_v the_o court_n of_o those_o king_n begin_v to_o assume_v a_o superiority_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n this_o authority_n take_v its_o first_o force_n in_o the_o seven_o council_n of_o toledo_n which_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n shall_v in_o their_o turn_n be_v call_v by_o he_o their_o primate_n repair_v to_o that_o city_n and_o there_o attend_v on_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month._n the_o archbishop_n superiority_n be_v thus_o far_o establish_v be_v much_o advance_v in_o the_o twelve_o council_n of_o that_o city_n which_o decree_v that_o the_o election_n of_o

and_o challenge_v he_o as_o be_v then_o usual_a but_o some_o person_n of_o piety_n interpose_v the_o business_n be_v mitigate_v yet_o the_o hatred_n betwixt_o those_o two_o family_n can_v not_o be_v root_v out_o many_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n adhere_v to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n therefore_o the_o king_n forbear_v for_o the_o present_a contend_v with_o he_o and_o bend_v his_o force_n another_o way_n recover_v many_o place_n that_o be_v not_o garrison_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o try_v the_o castle_n of_o zurita_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n tagus_n lope_n zurita_n arenas_n hold_v it_o as_o lieutenant_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n be_v summon_v he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v the_o king_n be_v not_o yet_o at_o the_o age_n appoint_v by_o his_o father_n will_n and_o that_o he_o be_v but_o lieutenant_n and_o can_v not_o surrender_v without_o leave_n of_o his_o lord_n no_o hope_n remain_v of_o a_o surrender_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o use_v force_n d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n come_v from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o biscay_n to_o serve_v at_o that_o siege_n provision_n grow_v scarce_o the_o besiege_a resolve_v to_o use_v fraud_n and_o therefore_o upon_o pretence_n of_o capitulate_v get_v d._n nuno_n and_o suero_n de_fw-fr lara_n into_o the_o castle_n keep_v they_o prisoner_n believe_v the_o king_n to_o save_v they_o will_v raise_v the_o siege_n there_o be_v one_o dominick_n in_o the_o camp_n who_o have_v desert_v from_o the_o castle_n this_o man_n offer_v for_o a_o reward_n to_o make_v they_o master_n of_o the_o fort._n upon_o promise_n of_o what_o he_o demand_v he_o wound_v one_o peter_n ruiz_n who_o be_v consent_v to_o it_o and_o fly_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o castle_n and_o to_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n who_o servant_n he_o have_v be_v he_o watch_v his_o opportunity_n and_o kill_v the_o lieutenant_n whereupon_o the_o castle_n be_v immediate_o surrender_v the_o king_n cause_v 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prince_n emanuel_n the_o king_n brother_n who_o those_o place_n be_v escalona_n be_v give_v this_o be_v what_o be_v public_o act_v in_o private_a they_o conclude_v with_o jont_a force_n to_o invade_v navarre_n and_o agree_v what_o part_n each_o be_v to_o have_v when_o conquer_a prince_n sancho_n obtain_v that_o the_o young_a prince_n his_o nephew_n shall_v be_v secure_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o xativa_n and_o the_o more_o to_o oblige_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n he_o promise_v after_o his_o father_n death_n to_o yield_v he_o up_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n and_o to_o give_v he_o in_o castille_n the_o town_n of_o requena_n with_o all_o its_o dependency_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o border_n of_o valencia_n towards_o murcia_n he_o value_v not_o what_o promise_n he_o make_v to_o secure_v his_o power_n d._n john_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n a_o powerful_a man_n be_v then_o lord_n of_o albaracin_n have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o d._n alvero_n de_fw-fr açagra_n 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small_a labour_n that_o remain_v cheerful_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o rich_a booty_n that_o place_n will_v afford_v 300_o choose_a man_n advance_v and_o come_v late_o at_o night_n to_o the_o wall_n perceive_v no_o noise_n in_o the_o castle_n they_o apply_v their_o scaling-ladder_n and_o mount_v the_o wall_n christian_n the_o first_o that_o get_v up_o be_v john_n the_o ortega_n than_o another_o john_n bear_v at_o toledo_n and_o the_o three_o martin_n galindo_n all_o three_o resolute_a soldier_n they_o kill_v the_o sentinel_n who_o be_v asleep_a and_o some_o other_o then_o open_v the_o gate_n all_o the_o other_o rush_v in_o the_o townsman_n speedy_o cast_v up_o work_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o castle_n and_o be_v attack_v at_o break_v of_o day_n by_o our_o man_n but_o without_o success_n sancho_n de_fw-fr avila_n governor_n of_o carmona_n and_o martin_n de_fw-fr rojas_n of_o arcos_n bebe_v too_o forward_o be_v both_o kill_v in_o the_o castle-gate_n any_o 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to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_a pretend_v to_o have_v share_n in_o the_o plunder_n of_o the_o town_n and_o from_o word_n they_o have_v come_v to_o blow_n but_o that_o the_o duke_n pacify_v his_o man_n with_o fair_a speech_n and_o promise_n of_o lead_v they_o to_o great_a plunder_n a_o fresh_a garrison_n be_v put_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o army_n march_v back_o immediate_o the_o moor_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n and_o several_a party_n go_v out_o to_o plunder_v the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o infidel_n observe_v the_o high_a part_n of_o alhama_n be_v difficult_a of_o access_n be_v slender_o guard_v scale_v it_o before_o break_v of_o day_n on_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n our_o man_n take_v the_o alarm_n charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v kill_v and_o the_o rest_n to_o save_v themselves_o leap_v over_o the_o wall_n two_o citizen_n of_o sevil_n signalise_v themselves_o in_o this_o action_n the_o one_o call_v peter_n pineda_n the_o other_o alonso_z ponce_n chap._n ii_o preparation_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o moor_n loxa_n in_o vain_a besiege_a and_o that_o war_n lay_v aside_o for_o some_o time_n some_o tumult_n in_o galizia_n a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o christian_n on_o the_o mountain_n of_o malaga_n whilst_o the_o moor_n lie_v before_o alhama_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n consult_v at_o cordova_n about_o moor_n prosecute_a the_o war_n some_o advise_v to_o abandon_v alhama_n as_o hard_o to_o be_v defend_v be_v encompass_v with_o enemy_n on_o all_o side_n the_o queen_n be_v positive_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v defend_v her_o opinion_n prevail_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o james_n de_fw-fr merlo_n who_o the_o king_n hold_v in_o great_a account_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o besiege_v loxa_n a_o very_a strong_a city_n not_o far_o from_o alhama_n ezija_n be_v the_o place_n appoint_v for_o the_o army_n to_o rendezvous_n about_o 5000_o horse_n and_o 8000_o foot_n gather_v there_o a_o small_a number_n for_o so_o great_a a_o undertake_n after_o the_o moor_n be_v go_v the_o king_n march_v with_o part_n of_o these_o force_n to_o alhama_n on_o the_o 29_o of_o april_n he_o put_v a_o new_a garrison_n into_o the_o place_n and_o leave_v d._n luis_n portocarrero_n lord_n of_o palma_n a_o great_a soldier_n to_o command_v there_o then_o have_v waste_v the_o plain_a of_o granada_n without_o sustain_v any_o loss_n he_o return_v to_o cordova_n to_o make_v the_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o war._n beside_o the_o queen_n be_v near_o her_o time_n and_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v present_a at_o she_o lie_v in_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o july_n she_o be_v deliver_v of_o two_o child_n the_o one_o that_o live_v be_v call_v mary_n the_o other_o be_v dead_a hence_o the_o people_n take_v occasion_n to_o frame_v omen_n of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o war_n according_a

that_o he_o have_v kill_v 90_o christian_n by_o the_o way_n who_o lie_v very_o secure_a upon_o sierra_n nevada_n the_o citizen_n with_o great_a acclamation_n proclaim_v he_o king_n albohazen_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o mutiny_n go_v away_o to_o almunecar_o where_o his_o treasure_n lay_v there_o his_o cruel_a brother_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v murder_v only_o to_o secure_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n he_o have_v usurp_v king_n ferdinand_n though_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o soldier_n who_o be_v harass_v with_o the_o late_a expedition_n ought_v to_o rest_v command_v the_o army_n to_o rendezvous_n at_o alcala_n real_a because_o that_o town_n be_v upon_o the_o frontier_n and_o go_v himself_o thither_o from_o cordcua_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o september_n notwithstanding_o the_o heat_n be_v excessive_a that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v natural_o hot_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o spain_n the_o earl_n of_o cabra_fw-la desire_v to_o signalise_v himself_o beg_v he_o may_v first_o 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calatrava_n who_o follow_v those_o that_o have_v advance_v before_o this_o loss_n so_o trouble_v king_n ferdinand_n that_o he_o retire_v for_o some_o time_n on_o the_o frontier_n near_o jaen_n be_v two_o town_n and_o castle_n call_v cambil_n and_o albahar_n the_o river_n frio_n run_v betwixt_o they_o and_o though_o small_a be_v difficult_a to_o be_v wade_v because_o of_o its_o high_a bank_n both_o these_o place_n be_v besiege_v albahar_n be_v beyond_o the_o river_n and_o near_o it_o be_v a_o hill_n that_o command_v it_o on_o which_o the_o king_n though_o with_o much_o labour_n cause_v the_o cannon_n to_o be_v plant_v this_o so_o terrify_v the_o moor_n that_o they_o surrender_v both_o town_n and_o castle_n on_o the_o 23d_o of_o september_n be_v the_o very_a day_n on_o which_o they_o be_v lose_v 120_o year_n before_o after_o this_o the_o king_n put_v the_o army_n into_o winter_n quarter_n and_o go_v himself_o with_o the_o queen_n to_o alcala_n de_fw-fr henares_n during_o this_o expedition_n die_v d._n alonso_z de_fw-fr arragon_n duke_z de_fw-fr villahermosa_fw-la the_o king_n brother_n a_o brave_a commander_n his_o body_n be_v deposit_v at_o baeça_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o poplete_a the_o burial-place_n of_o his_o ancestor_n of_o he_o be_v descend_v the_o duke_n of_o villahermosa_fw-la and_o earl_n of_o ribagorça_n in_o toledo_n the_o inquisition_n severe_o punish_v those_o who_o renounce_v the_o christian_a faith_n become_v jew_n a_o great_a number_n of_o those_o people_n who_o be_v reconcile_v and_o implore_a mercy_n be_v pardon_v they_o be_v now_o call_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gracia_n that_o be_v the_o people_n of_o grace_n the_o nobility_n of_o naples_n have_v now_o raise_v a_o bloody_a war_n against_o their_o king_n ferdinand_n upon_o the_o usual_a pretence_n pope_n innocent_a favour_v they_o but_o it_o be_v rather_o in_o word_n than_o effect_v for_o he_o naples_n be_v ancient_a and_o otherwise_o employ_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o conspirator_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o salerno_n basigniano_n and_o altamura_n as_o also_o the_o marquis_n del_fw-it gasto_n it_o be_v report_v that_o frederick_n the_o king_n son_n underhand_o support_v the_o rebel_n but_o this_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v the_o wicked_a life_n of_o alonso_n duke_n of_o calabria_n the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n be_v one_o great_a motive_n of_o this_o revolt_n the_o king_n resolve_v to_o reduce_v the_o rebel_n rather_o by_o policy_n than_o force_n and_o therefore_o give_v his_o general_n pardon_v to_o all_o the_o mutineer_n king_n ferdinand_n of_o spain_n also_o send_v the_o earl_n of_o tendilla_n his_o ambassador_n to_o engage_v to_o those_o nobleman_n for_o their_o safety_n provide_v they_o lay_v down_o their_o arms._n but_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o storm_n be_v over_o make_v no_o account_n of_o those_o promise_n and_o at_o several_a time_n as_o occasion_v serve_v seize_v the_o head_n of_o the_o rebellion_n and_o put_v they_o all_o to_o death_n king_n ferdinand_n of_o castille_n cease_v not_o to_o protest_v against_o those_o proceed_n but_o he_o of_o naples_n cease_v not_o to_o proceed_v in_o cut_v off_o his_o enemy_n which_o prove_v fatal_a to_o he_o at_o last_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o place_n let_v we_o turn_v back_o on_o the_o 16_o of_o december_n queen_n elizabeth_n at_o aloala_n de_fw-fr henares_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o daughter_n call_v catherine_n well_o know_v in_o the_o world_n as_o wife_n to_o two_o brother_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o for_o her_o great_a suffering_n cause_v by_o the_o inordinate_a lust_n and_o infidelity_n of_o her_o husband_n which_o also_o draw_v great_a calamity_n upon_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n their_o sin_n and_o rebellion_n draw_v judgement_n upon_o they_o richard_n iii_o have_v murder_v his_o two_o nephew_n edward_n and_o richard_n the_o rightful_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n usurp_v the_o kingdom_n he_o govern_v like_o a_o tyrant_n and_o end_v according_o henry_n earl_n of_o richmond_n who_o have_v be_v a_o prisoner_n in_o brittany_n have_v obtain_v his_o liberty_n overthrow_v the_o tyrant_n in_o battle_n and_o kill_v he_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o secure_v the_o crown_n to_o himself_o this_o henry_n have_v a_o son_n call_v henry_n like_o himself_o who_o be_v the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n and_o famous_a for_o his_o incontinency_n for_o put_v away_o catherine_n his_o wife_n and_o for_o disow_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o pope_n beside_o many_o other_o crime_n which_o have_v leave_v a_o indelible_a stain_n upon_o his_o name_n chap._n v._o the_o tumult_n in_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n several_a town_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n a_o sedition_n in_o galicia_n king_n albohardil_n attack_n the_o castle_n call_v albaizin_v in_o granada_n and_o be_v repulse_v azamor_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n deliver_v to_o the_o portuguese_n some_o small_a tumult_n happen_v in_o arragon_n but_o those_o in_o catalonia_n be_v more_o dangerous_a yet_o catalonia_n the_o prudence_n of_o king_n ferdinand_n overcome_v they_o all_o the_o city_n zaragoça_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ebro_n and_o be_v in_o beauty_n riches_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n almost_o equal_a to_o the_o best_a in_o spain_n this_o place_n have_v often_o mutinied_a in_o defence_n of_o its_o privilege_n as_o it_o happen_v at_o this_o time_n john_n de_fw-fr burgos_n the_o king_n be_v alguazil_n give_v some_o ill_a language_n to_o peter_n cerdan_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o alderman_n and_o head_n of_o their_o counsel_n other_o come_v in_o apprehend_v the_o alguazil_n try_v condemn_v and_o hang_v he_o which_o be_v a_o great_a affront_n to_o the_o king_n he_o be_v then_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o enter_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n with_o his_o army_n and_o therefore_o send_v order_n to_o john_n hernandez_n de_fw-fr heredia_n supreme_a governor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o punish_v all_o that_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o that_o affair_n with_o the_o utmost_a rigour_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n tell_v the_o deputy_n send_v by_o the_o city_n that_o no_o harm_n shall_v be_v do_v for_o he_o be_v expert_a in_o dissemble_v the_o head_n of_o the_o alderman_n can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v because_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o arragon_n protect_v he_o but_o martin_n pertusa_n who_o be_v the_o next_o and_o have_v be_v very_o active_a in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o alguazil_n be_v sudden_o execute_v the_o king_n letter_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o upon_o a_o spear_n to_o awe_v the_o people_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o rescue_v he_o this_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o sedition_n be_v appease_v soon_o after_o another_o tumult_n happen_v upon_o account_n of_o a_o more_o heinous_a crime_n than_o the_o last_o peter_n arbuc_n be_v inquisitor_n in_o that_o city_n and_o punish_v

all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n or_o sell_v they_o as_o slave_n king_n ferdinand_n come_v to_o valladolid_n upon_o the_o 6_o of_o september_n there_o a_o opportunity_n be_v offer_v he_o of_o recover_v the_o city_n placencia_n which_o the_o late_a king_n have_v alienate_v and_o give_v to_o the_o family_n of_o zuniga_n d._n alvero_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n die_v a_o grandson_n of_o he_o who_o father_n be_v dead_a before_o inherit_v his_o estate_n james_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n uncle_n to_o the_o heir_n pretend_v he_o have_v a_o better_a right_n as_o be_v son_n to_o the_o decease_a the_o kindred_n be_v divide_v between_o both_o thus_o the_o family_n of_o the_o caravajale_v seize_v the_o city_n but_o can_v not_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v well_o defend_v by_o the_o garrison_n king_n ferdinand_n come_v to_o appease_v that_o sedition_n seize_v all_o d._n alvero_n the_o new_a duke_n surrender_v and_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o town_n of_o bejar_n and_o its_o dependency_n in_o lieu_n of_o that_o city_n this_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o all_o the_o nobility_n fear_v they_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n now_o grow_v strong_a all_o they_o have_v extort_a from_o his_o predecessor_n in_o time_n of_o consusion_n new_a tumult_n break_v out_o in_o arragon_n upon_o account_n that_o the_o nobility_n be_v for_o break_v off_o the_o association_n not_o long_o since_o form_v betwixt_o the_o city_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o curb_a they_o they_o never_o give_v over_o till_o some_o year_n after_o at_o the_o cortes_n hold_v at_o barcelona_n they_o obtain_v the_o association_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v for_o ten_o year_n john_n de_fw-fr fonseca_n and_o alvero_n arronio_n be_v send_v ambassador_n to_o flanders_n to_o procure_v the_o liberty_n of_o maximilian_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n imprison_v by_o the_o people_n of_o bruges_n they_o manage_v their_o business_n so_o well_o that_o he_o be_v release_v and_o reconcile_v to_o his_o subject_n his_o first_o wife_n the_o lady_n mary_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o dominion_n of_o flanders_n be_v dead_a he_o aspire_v to_o marry_v the_o princess_n elizabeth_n of_o castille_n her_o father_n and_o mother_n do_v not_o consent_n because_o she_o be_v promise_v in_o portugal_n yet_o they_o offer_v one_o of_o that_o princess_n sister_n for_o philip_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n frederick_n the_o emperor_n his_o grandfather_n upon_o this_o design_n of_o marry_v he_o in_o spain_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o archduke_n of_o austria_n whereas_o before_o they_o be_v only_o call_v duke_n the_o fleet_n the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v sit_v out_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n contribute_v much_o towards_o the_o obtain_n the_o liberty_n of_o maximilian_n the_o people_n of_o bruges_n be_v jealous_a it_o be_v design_v against_o they_o the_o fleet_n sail_v to_o brittany_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o king_n the_o duke_n and_o john_n gralla_n who_o command_v the_o spaniard_n be_v make_v prisoner_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o chap._n viii_o the_o mastership_n of_o all_o the_o military_a order_n in_o spain_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o ever_o three_o city_n and_o other_o place_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n elizabeth_n princess_n of_o castille_n marry_v to_o alonso_n prince_n of_o portugal_n his_o and_o his_o father_n death_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n die_v gazri_n lopez_n de_fw-fr padilla_n master_n of_o calatrava_n many_o aspire_v to_o that_o dignity_n but_o king_n ferdinand_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o bull_n obtain_v of_o pope_n innocent_a to_o crown_n that_o purpose_n annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n the_o same_o be_v afterward_o do_v with_o the_o other_o mastership_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o reward_n due_a to_o soldier_n be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o courtier_n the_o usual_a confusion_n at_o the_o election_n of_o those_o master_n and_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n in_o the_o east_n bajazet_n the_o turk_n gather_v a_o mighty_a army_n and_o fleet_n which_o alarm_v all_o the_o christian_a prince_n but_o his_o design_n be_v against_o the_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n only_o 11_o galliots_n of_o pirate_n invade_v the_o island_n of_o malta_n and_o plunder_v it_o all_o up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n this_o island_n have_v two_o port_n can_v contain_v any_o fleet._n the_o port_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o point_n of_o land_n call_v of_o santelmo_n this_o point_v it_o be_v judge_v necessary_a to_o fortify_v that_o the_o enemy_n may_v not_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o island_n and_o from_o thence_o infest_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o christian_n a_o fleet_n sail_v from_o sicily_n in_o search_n of_o these_o pirate_n but_o come_v too_o late_o for_o they_o be_v go_v with_o their_o booty_n another_o fleet_n sail_v from_o spain_n with_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr acuna_n who_o go_v viceroy_n into_o sicily_n it_o be_v design_v not_o only_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o coast_n but_o to_o invade_v those_o of_o africa_n king_n ferdinand_n join_v in_o a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o house_n of_o austria_n against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n all_o this_o tend_v towards_o subdue_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o some_o of_o the_o banish_a nobility_n offer_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o other_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o the_o more_o powerful_a and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n 1489_o 1000_o horse_n 1489._o and_o 2000_o foot_n be_v send_v into_o brittany_n to_o succour_v the_o lady_n ann_n who_o succeed_v her_o father_n in_o that_o dukedom_n d._n peter_n sarmiento_n earl_n of_o salinas_n command_v that_o body_n the_o war_n against_o the_o moor_n of_o granada_n be_v of_o more_o moment_n and_o great_a advantage_n be_v expect_v from_o it_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n set_v out_o 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the_o french_a be_v intolerable_a the_o duke_n of_o milan_n be_v perplex_v for_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o orlcans_n have_v secure_v the_o city_n novara_n beside_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o french_a endeavour_v to_o draw_v the_o genoeses_n from_o his_o subjection_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v force_v with_o great_a submission_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o venetian_n for_o their_o assistance_n the_o king_n of_o france_n understanding_n what_o have_v happen_v resolve_v to_o return_v with_o all_o speed_n before_o the_o way_n be_v stop_v before_o his_o departure_n he_o appoint_v gilbert_n duke_n of_o monpensier_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n with_o he_o he_o leave_v part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o some_o able_a commander_n he_o also_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o ask_v of_o he_o the_o investiture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o to_o let_v he_o know_v he_o desire_v to_o pass_v through_o rome_n to_o confer_v with_o his_o holiness_n about_o 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wherefore_o he_o be_v force_v to_o steal_v away_o to_o aste_n without_o beat_v of_o drum_n it_o be_v no_o small_a help_n to_o he_o in_o his_o retreat_n that_o the_o river_n be_v swell_v with_o the_o rain_n the_o italian_n can_v not_o so_o soon_o pass_v it_o to_o pursue_v he_o yet_o he_o sustain_v much_o loss_n by_o the_o light_a horse_n that_o keep_v in_o his_o rear_n and_o the_o countrypeople_n who_o take_v arm_n to_o secure_v the_o pass_n above_o 4000_o italian_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n immediate_o sit_v down_o before_o novara_n where_o he_o much_o distress_v the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n scarce_o be_v the_o king_n go_v from_o naples_n when_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v to_o change_v french_a the_o fleet_n of_o spain_n command_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o trivento_n lay_v at_o meçina_n thither_o come_v

france_n and_o to_o marry_v he_o to_o the_o lady_n charlotte_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n her_o father_n will_v not_o consent_v because_o they_o demand_v the_o principality_n of_o taranto_n with_o she_o as_o dower_n and_o this_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v in_o order_n to_o seize_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o cardinal_n ascanius_n his_o brother_n press_v the_o king_n to_o consent_v lest_o the_o pope_n shall_v bring_v the_o french_a upon_o he_o again_o which_o will_v prove_v his_o utter_a ruin_n as_o it_o do_v k._n ferdinand_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o this_o contrivance_n though_o he_o be_v offer_v the_o disposal_n of_o the_o church_n of_o pamplona_n and_o valencia_n then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o caesar_n borgia_n these_o practice_n scandalize_v all_o christendom_n to_o see_v that_o a_o cardinal_n in_o holy_a order_n shall_v have_v leave_v give_v he_o to_o marry_v the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n give_v all_o the_o 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as_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n some_o affirm_v no_o woman_n can_v inherit_v that_o crown_n and_o other_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a to_o end_v this_o dispute_n it_o please_v god_n that_o the_o queen_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o 23d_o of_o august_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n who_o they_o call_v michael_n she_o die_v within_o a_o hour_n after_o dies_z the_o king_n her_o husband_n return_v immediate_o to_o his_o kingdom_n the_o queen_n body_n be_v deposit_v in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n francis_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o nun_n of_o s._n elizabeth_n build_v by_o her_o father_n at_o toledo_n on_o the_o 22d_o of_o september_n all_o difficulty_n be_v remove_v the_o young_a prince_n be_v by_o general_a consent_n swear_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o same_o be_v do_v in_o castille_n before_o king_n ferdinand_n go_v to_o zaragoça_n he_o have_v send_v d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr sylva_n his_o ambassador_n to_o france_n to_o compliment_v the_o new_a king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o press_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o peace_n he_o with_o the_o other_o ambassador_n there_o before_o soon_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o period_n the_o same_o be_v do_v on_o his_o part_n by_o the_o archduke_n without_o consult_v his_o father_n or_o father-in-law_n luis_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n archbishop_n of_o rouen_n by_o his_o interest_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n much_o forward_v this_o agreement_n in_o september_n the_o pope_n make_v he_o a_o cardidal_a at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v intent_n upon_o pass_v into_o italy_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o right_n he_o pretend_v to_o have_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n from_o zaragoça_n king_n ferdinand_n send_v d._n ynigo_n de_fw-fr cordova_n brother_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o cabra_fw-la and_o dr._n philip_n ponce_n to_o require_v the_o pope_n to_o restore_v the_o city_n benevento_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o his_o court_n and_o lewdness_n of_o his_o family_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o father-in-law_n send_v d._n roderick_n de_fw-fr castro_n and_o d._n henry_n coutino_n to_o rome_n with_o the_o same_o embassy_n they_o all_o admonish_v the_o pope_n and_o make_v their_o protestation_n garcilasso_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vega_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o notary_n apostolic_a the_o pope_n be_v high_o offend_v and_o threaten_v to_o punish_v they_o for_o their_o presumption_n yet_o at_o last_o be_v answer_v that_o benevento_n be_v not_o nor_o shall_v not_o be_v alienate_v as_o to_o the_o reform_v his_o house_n he_o answer_v harsh_o within_o few_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o esquilache_n his_o wife_n his_o sister_n lucretia_n and_o her_o husband_n who_o lewdness_n as_o well_o as_o caesar_n borgia_n incense_v the_o people_n all_o depart_a rome_n such_o be_v the_o hatred_n the_o pope_n conceive_v on_o this_o account_n against_o garcilasso_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vega_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o city_n and_o the_o portague_n ambassador_n soon_o follow_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1499._o those_o of_o the_o catholic_n king_n stay_v some_o time_n long_o till_o the_o come_n of_o lorenço_n suarez_n de_fw-fr figueroa_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o succeed_v his_o brother_n 1499._o garcilasso_n after_o he_o have_v be_v ambassador_n at_o venice_n where_o he_o gain_v great_a reputation_n many_o heavy_a care_n at_o the_o same_o time_n lie_v upon_o the_o catholic_n king_n italy_n be_v in_o danger_n by_o ferdinand_n reason_n of_o the_o french_a king_n pretension_n the_o pope_n egg_v he_o on_o in_o hope_n to_o be_v revenge_v on_o king_n frederick_n and_o to_o raise_v duke_n valentine_n the_o venetian_n also_o offend_v with_o the_o duke_n

will_v never_o consent_v to_o it_o unless_o he_o be_v allow_v to_o share_v in_o the_o government_n and_o also_o in_o the_o revenue_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o think_v to_o supply_v his_o great_a want_n he_o endeavour_v to_o draw_v into_o his_o service_n 1500_o of_o the_o catholic_n king_n be_v soldier_n that_o serve_v in_o france_n but_o the_o catholic_n king_n send_v alonsode_n olmedes_n to_o keep_v they_o where_o they_o be_v they_o obey_v though_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n declare_v they_o rebel_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o emperor_n subject_n the_o emperor_n high_o resent_v that_o the_o catholic_n king_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o andrew_n de_fw-fr burgo_n who_o he_o send_v with_o the_o character_n of_o his_o ambassador_n at_o this_o time_n king_n emanuel_n of_o portugal_n extend_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o name_n still_o send_v new_a fleet_n to_o india_n and_o obtain_v fresh_a victory_n the_o king_n of_o calicut_n and_o cambaya_n be_v profess_v enemy_n of_o the_o 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contrary_n command_v the_o marquis_n and_o his_o brother_n in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o be_v go_v out_o of_o cordova_n the_o marquis_n gather_v a_o force_n apprehend_v the_o alcalde_fw-es but_o release_v he_o again_o upon_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v not_o return_v to_o cordova_n this_o affront_v the_o king_n high_o resent_v and_o set_v out_o himself_o to_o revenge_v it_o at_o arcos_n he_o take_v prince_n ferdinand_n from_o the_o queen_n against_o her_o will_n upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o health_n he_o summon_v force_n to_o join_v he_o in_o order_n to_o punish_v that_o insolence_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o the_o deputy_n of_o sevil_n d._n inigo_n de_fw-fr velasco_n order_v all_o betwixt_o 60_o and_o 20_o year_n of_o age_n to_o be_v ready_a to_o march_v against_o the_o marquis_n the_o great_a captain_n write_v to_o the_o marquis_n his_o cousin_n advise_v he_o to_o submit_v and_o he_o intend_v so_o to_o do_v the_o nobility_n and_o particular_o the_o great_a captain_n labour_v to_o appease_v the_o king_n who_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o give_v way_n to_o entreaty_n the_o marquis_n come_v to_o submit_v himself_o when_o the_o king_n be_v at_o toledo_n and_o be_v order_v to_o wait_v 5_o league_n from_o court_n and_o deliver_v up_o all_o his_o strong_a hold_n he_o obey_v with_o the_o king_n go_v to_o cordova_n 1000_o horse_n and_o 3000_o foot_n the_o marquis_n be_v take_v and_o charge_v with_o high_a treason_n will_v make_v no_o defence_n but_o cast_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n mercy_n judgement_n be_v give_v some_o gentleman_n be_v condemn_v to_o death_n some_o of_o the_o commonalty_n execute_v the_o house_n of_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr carzama_n mutineer_n and_o bernardin_n de_fw-fr bocanegra_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n be_v raze_v the_o marquis_n be_v banish_v for_o ever_o out_o of_o cordova_n and_o out_o of_o andaluzia_n during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n who_o be_v also_o to_o secure_v all_o his_o strong_a hold_n except_o his_o house_n at_o montilla_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demolish_v the_o great_a captain_n and_o constable_n be_v extreme_o disgu_v at_o this_o severity_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o latter_a will_v have_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n from_o cordova_n the_o king_n send_v d._n henry_n de_fw-fr toledo_n and_o the_o licenciat_a ferdinand_n tello_n to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o pope_n for_o the_o queen_n his_o daughter_n at_o naples_n die_v the_o queen_n of_o hungary_n so_o very_o poor_a the_o viceroy_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o obsequy_n she_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n peter_n martyr_n where_o the_o body_n of_o her_o mother_n lie_v king_n ferdinand_n go_v to_o sevil_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o joy_n with_o he_o go_v the_o queen_n his_o wife_n and_o prince_n ferdinand_n henry_n duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n be_v leave_v young_a by_o his_o father_n under_o the_o guardianship_n of_o d._n peter_n giron_n to_o who_o sister_n he_o be_v contract_v the_o duke_n be_v haughty_a and_o turbulent_a and_o have_v design_v to_o assist_v the_o marquis_n of_o priego_n to_o appease_v the_o king_n it_o be_v offer_v he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o his_o chief_a fortress_n and_o the_o constable_n will_v be_v bind_v for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n nevertheless_o neither_o the_o duke_n nor_o d._n peter_n giron_n come_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n who_o thereupon_o put_v d._n peter_n from_o his_o guardianship_n banish_v he_o from_o sevil_n and_o all_o the_o land_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n and_o the_o duke_n be_v command_v to_o deliver_v up_o all_o his_o place_n of_o strength_n they_o both_o flee_v to_o portugal_n and_o the_o king_n order_v their_o lieutenant_n to_o deliver_v the_o fort_n those_o of_o niebla_n and_o figueras_n will_v not_o submit_v and_o therefore_o niebla_n be_v take_v by_o force_n and_o plunder_v this_o severity_n make_v all_o place_n comply_v this_o estate_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n and_o the_o council_n order_v to_o prosecute_v d._n peter_n giron_n the_o nobility_n but_o chief_o the_o constable_n resent_v this_o rigorous_a proceed_v yet_o the_o king_n be_v resolve_v to_o humble_v their_o pride_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n advise_v he_o so_o to_o do_v the_o catholic_n king_n spend_v all_o autumn_n in_o settle_v andaluzia_n and_o thence_o promote_v the_o war_n in_o africa_n assist_v the_o portuguese_n who_o be_v much_o distress_v the_o king_n of_o fez_n be_v at_o variance_n with_o his_o two_o brother_n it_o be_v think_v a_o good_a opportunity_n to_o gain_v some_o advantage_n in_o africa_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n a_o fleet_n be_v fit_v out_o at_o malaga_n the_o pirate_n of_o spaniard_n velez_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gomera_n do_v much_o harm_n at_o this_o time_n along_o the_o coast_n of_o granada_n count_n peter_n navarro_n our_o admiral_n give_v they_o chase_n take_v some_o vessel_n and_o pursue_v the_o other_o to_o a_o island_n opposite_a to_o velez_n and_o the_o common_a refuge_n of_o those_o corsair_n there_o be_v 200_o moor_n in_o the_o fort_n of_o that_o island_n which_o they_o call_v penon_n these_o think_v the_o earl_n will_v attack_v velez_n abandon_v the_o island_n to_o defend_v the_o town_n but_o he_o immediate_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n which_o command_v the_o harbour_n and_o city_n and_o thence_o do_v they_o so_o much_o harm_n that_o the_o moor_n be_v force_v to_o live_v under_o ground_n this_o place_n be_v take_v on_o the_o 23th_o of_o july_n and_o order_v to_o be_v fortify_v and_o well_o garrison_v the_o portuguese_n make_v war_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n along_o the_o ocean_n a_o moor_n call_v zelum_fw-la cousin_n to_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n offer_v to_o put_v they_o in_o a_o way_n to_o take_v azamor_n a_o famous_a city_n on_o that_o coast_n king_n emanuel_n give_v credit_n to_o he_o fit_v a_o fleet_n which_o carry_v 400_o horse_n and_o above_o 2000_o foot_n under_o the_o command_n of_o d._n john_n de_fw-fr meneses_n this_o fleet_n sail_v from_o lisbon_n on_o the_o 26_o of_o july_n and_o find_v all_o thing_n otherwise_o than_o they_o expect_v for_o the_o citizen_n defend_v themselves_o well_o and_o zelum_fw-la aid_v they_o this_o bring_v the_o portuguese_n into_o great_a danger_n and_o they_o be_v force_v to_o depart_v arzila_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n the_o wether_n be_v bad_a and_o the_o tide_n low_a some_o vessel_n and_o among_o they_o one_o galley_n strike_v the_o rest_n come_v to_o the_o straits_n mouth_n this_o loss_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o special_a providence_n for_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n with_o a_o mighty_a power_n sit_v down_o before_o arzila_n on_o the_o 19_o of_o october_n d._n vasco_n coutino_n earl_n of_o borva_n be_v governor_n who_o the_o first_o day_n repulse_v the_o moor_n with_o much_o bravery_n but_o the_o next_o day_n

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time_n the_o empress_n spend_v 3_o day_n in_o visit_v the_o city_n and_o church_n all_o which_o time_n there_o be_v firework_n and_o illumination_n at_o night_n other_o sport_n be_v forbid_v on_o account_n of_o the_o king_n death_n six_o day_n before_o her_o majesty_n embark_v come_v 7_o galley_n of_o malta_n which_o salute_v 7_o time_n with_o volley_n of_o small_a as_o well_o as_o great_a shot_n every_o salute_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o city_n and_o the_o rejoice_v last_v two_o hour_n the_o 10_o of_o august_n her_o majesty_n embark_v be_v 3_o time_n salute_v by_o the_o cannon_n of_o the_o town_n her_o fleet_n consist_v of_o 34_o galley_n contrary_a wind_n oblige_v they_o to_o put_v into_o rose_n and_o cadaques_n at_o length_n they_o arrive_v at_o final_a where_o cardinal_n nepos_n the_o pope_n legate_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o duke_n of_o modena_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n his_o brother_n with_o other_o great_a man_n expect_v her_o majesty_n accompany_v by_o 10000_o man_n to_o guard_v she_o to_o trent_n there_o the_o duke_n of_o albuquerque_n deliver_v she_o to_o the_o imperial_a minister_n send_v to_o receive_v she_o and_o take_v his_o leave_n return_v with_o all_o the_o spaniard_n go_v over_o to_o sicily_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o viceroyship_n of_o that_o island_n cid_n hamet_n the_o moor_n after_o have_v be_v several_a time_n assist_v by_o king_n philip_n iu._n and_o receive_v moor_n many_o favour_n at_o his_o hand_n in_o requital_n for_o all_o those_o obligation_n resolve_v to_o surprise_v the_o town_n of_o alarache_fw-la and_o to_o that_o effect_n provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o escalade_n a_o christian_a captive_a understanding_n the_o design_n flee_v with_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n the_o 24_o of_o february_n and_o the_o 26_o come_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n

the_o carthaginian_n and_o give_v they_o a_o great_a overthrow_n first_o nero_n than_o publius_n scipio_n come_v into_o spain_n and_o take_v carthagena_n p._n 26_o chap._n vii_o publius_n scipio_n rout_n asdrubal_n and_o drive_v the_o carthaginian_n quite_o out_o of_o spain_n other_o notable_a action_n of_o his_o there_o cornelius_n lentulus_n and_o lucius_n manlius_n succeed_v he_o and_o overthrow_v the_o spaniard_n that_o have_v revolt_a p._n 28_o chap._n viii_o the_o spaniard_n revolt_a be_v again_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n cato_n be_v consul_n come_v into_o spain_n several_a praetor_n succeed_v he_o their_o government_n and_o action_n p._n 30_o the_o three_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o first_o war_n of_o numantia_n and_o peace_n conclude_v with_o that_o city_n the_o war_n in_o lusitania_n and_o other_o part_n and_o treachery_n of_o the_o praetor_n sergius_n galba_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o viriatus_n be_v original_a and_o action_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o government_n of_o several_a roman_a general_n and_o among_o they_o of_o metellus_z and_o pompey_n and_o death_n of_o viriatus_n p._n 35_o chap._n iii_o the_o second_o war_n betwixt_o rome_n and_o numantia_n the_o consul_n mancinus_n conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o that_o people_n and_o be_v therefore_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o scipio_n africanus_n send_v against_o they_o the_o city_n destroy_v p._n 38_o chap._n iu_o other_o occurrence_n in_o spain_n after_o the_o war_n of_o numantia_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n of_o sertorius_n his_o action_n defeat_v and_o death_n p._n 40_o chap._n v._o pompey_n appease_v the_o tumult_n in_o spain_n julius_n caesar_n come_v into_o spain_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n there_o pompey_n be_v general_n defeat_v the_o whole_a country_n reduce_v by_o julius_n caesar_n who_o return_v to_o rome_n p._n 44_o chap._n vi_o longinus_n govern_v spain_n his_o action_n the_o war_n betwixt_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n be_v son_n the_o famous_a battle_n of_o munda_n caesar_n return_v victorious_a to_o rome_n p._n 46_o chap._n vii_o other_o commotion_n in_o spain_n after_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o augustus_n and_o war_n of_o cantabria_n p._n 48_o the_o four_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o birth_n of_o christ_n our_o lord_n the_o death_n of_o augustus_n and_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n caligula_n and_o claudius_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o come_n of_o st._n james_n the_o apostle_n into_o spain_n and_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n p._n 51._o chap._n ii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n nero_n galba_n otho_n vitellius_n vespasian_n and_o titus_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o colony_n free-town_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n then_o in_o spain_n p._n 53_o chap._n iii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n nerva_n trajan_n adrian_n antoninus_n verus_n marcus_n aurelius_n and_o commodus_n the_o persecution_n under_o they_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n leon_n and_o rise_v of_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o gnostic_n p._n 55_o chap._n iu_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n pertinax_n severus_n caracalla_n macrinus_n heliogabalus_n alexander_n severus_n maximinus_n gordianus_n philip_n decius_n tribonianus_n gallus_n and_o aemilianus_n p._n 57_o chap._n v._o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n valerianus_n galienus_n flavius_n aurelianus_n tacitus_n flavianus_n probus_n carinus_n dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n constantius_n and_o galerius_n maximinus_n and_o licinius_n p._n 58_o chap._n vi_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o glorious_a constantine_n the_o great_a the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n the_o arian_n heresy_n the_o first_o general_n council_n of_o nice_a p._n 60_o chap._n vii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n constantius_n and_o constans_n julian_n the_o apostate_n jovianus_n valentinian_n and_o valens_n p._n 62_o chap._n viii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n valentinian_n theodosius_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n p._n 64_o the_o five_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o come_n of_o several_a barbarous_a nation_n into_o spain_n as_o the_o vandal_n alan_n suevian_o silingians_n and_o goth_n their_o original_a and_o where_o they_o settle_v p._n 67_o chap._n ii_o the_o goth_n vanquish_v and_o subdue_v all_o the_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o spain_n the_o vandal_n after_o this_o successful_a go_v over_o into_o africa_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o suevian_o p._n 69_o chap._n iii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n theodoredus_fw-la torismund_n and_o theodorick_n attila_n king_n of_o the_o huns_n twice_o rout_v the_o general_a council_n of_o chalcedon_n p._n 71_o chap._n iu_o the_o death_n of_o king_n theodorick_n and_o reign_v of_o euricus_fw-la and_o alaricus_n the_o goth_n twice_o overthrow_v by_o the_o frank_n p._n 73_o chap._n v._o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n gesaleycus_n theodorick_n and_o amalaricus_n several_a spanish_a synod_n defeat_v of_o the_o frank_n and_o trial_n by_o ordeal_o p._n 74_o chap._n vi_o the_o reign_v of_o theudiselus_n agila_n and_o athanagildus_n a_o great_a plague_n the_o 5_o general_n council_n a_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o suevian_o p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o two_o sister_n galsuinda_n and_o brunechilda_n the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n liuva_fw-fr and_o leuvigildus_fw-la this_o last_o make_v his_o two_o son_n his_o companion_n in_o the_o throne_n p._n 77_o chap._n viii_o ermenegildus_n son_n to_o leuvigildus_fw-la marry_v the_o lady_n ingundis_fw-la be_v convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n faith_n be_v besiege_a by_o his_o father_n in_o sevil_n and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o he_o p._n 79_o chap._n ix_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n leuvigildus_fw-la he_o persecute_v the_o catholic_n subdue_v the_o suevian_o his_o death_n and_o cause_n of_o his_o conversion_n p._n 81_o chap._n x._o the_o reign_n of_o recaredus_n his_o and_o people_n conversion_n conspiracy_n against_o he_o detect_v and_o punish_v he_o overthrow_v the_o frank_n the_o three_o council_n of_o toledo_n p._n 82_o the_o six_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o remain_a action_n of_o king_n recaredus_n he_o marry_v clodosinda_n sister_n to_o childebert_n king_n of_o lorraine_n his_o death_n original_a of_o duke_n and_o count_n p._n 84_o chap._n ii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n liuva_fw-fr witericus_fw-la gundemarus_n sisebutus_n and_o recaredus_n ii_o several_a synod_n the_o jew_n banish_v spain_n p._n 86_o chap._n iii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n suinthula_n rechimirus_n sisenandus_n and_o chintila_n the_o roman_n quite_o expel_v spain_n three_o synod_n at_o toledo_n p._n 87_o chap._n iu_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n tulga_n chindasuinthus_n and_o recesuinthus_n several_a synod_n of_o toledo_n increase_v of_o the_o mahometan_a power_n the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o king_n wamba_n p._n 89_o chap._n v._o the_o war_n with_o the_o rebel_n in_o gallia_n gothica_n paul_n wamba_n be_v general_n join_v with_o they_o the_o king_n march_v against_o they_o and_o reduce_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o obedience_n p._n 91_o chap._n vi_o wamba_n return_v into_o spain_n punish_v the_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n his_o public_a work_n eleven_o council_n of_o toledo_n a_o great_a fleet_n of_o saracen_n destroy_v wamba_n depose_v ervigius_n usurp_v the_o crown_n p._n 93_o chap._n vii_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n ervigius_n and_o egica_n p._n 94_o chap._n viii_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n witiza_n roderick_n ascend_v the_o throne_n ravish_v count_n julian_n be_v daughter_n and_o break_v open_v a_o old_a castle_n at_o toledo_n say_v to_o be_v enchant_a p._n 96_o chap._n ix_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o moor_n into_o spain_n they_o prove_v successful_a and_o flock_v over_o in_o great_a multitude_n king_n roderick_n overthrow_v in_o a_o great_a battle_n his_o death_n the_o moor_n overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o the_o moor_n muza_n come_v over_o with_o supply_n his_o action_n the_o moorish_a computation_n of_o year_n call_v hegira_n abdalasis_n son_n to_o muza_n his_o action_n end_v of_o count_n julian_n and_o his_o family_n deplorable_a state_n of_o spain_n p._n 100_o the_o seven_o book_n chap._n i._n prince_n pelayus_n or_o pelagius_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o moor_n be_v declare_v king_n and_o miraculous_o vanquish_v the_o infidel_n the_o death_n of_o muza_n alahor_n govern_v spain_n p._n 102_o chap._n ii_o pelayus_n be_v power_n increase_v he_o take_v several_a to_n his_o death_n the_o short_a reign_n and_o death_n of_o favila_n several_a moorish_a governor_n in_o spain_n action_n of_o the_o infidel_n in_o france_n p._n 104_o chap._n iii_o the_o reign_n of_o d._n alonso_n the_o catholic_n his_o conquest_n and_o death_n several_a moorish_a governor_n in_o spain_n affair_n of_o the_o mahometan_n both_o in_o spain_n and_o africa_n p._n 105_o chap._n iu_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o king_n froyla_fw-fr aurelius_n silon_n alonso_n mauregatus_fw-la and_o veremundus_n or_o bermudo_n monarchy_n

time_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v possess_v of_o some_o town_n near_o the_o promontory_n libybaeum_n not_o far_o from_o trepana_n which_o be_v a_o great_a eyesore_a to_o the_o people_n of_o agrigentum_n now_o gergento_n it_o happen_v the_o carthaginian_n go_v out_o into_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o city_n minoa_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n which_o the_o agrigentines_n who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n lay_v hold_n of_o fall_v upon_o and_o slaughter_v all_o but_o some_o few_o that_o flee_v and_o lurk_v about_o the_o wood_n this_o news_n be_v come_v to_o carthage_n the_o people_n resolve_v to_o take_v revenge_n sicily_n send_v over_o 2000_o carthaginian_n a_o like_a number_n of_o spaniard_n and_o 500_o mallorquines_n with_o sling_n with_o these_o supply_v the_o carthaginian_n take_v the_o field_n and_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n not_o only_o vanquish_v their_o enemy_n but_o besiege_v they_o in_o the_o city_n agrigentum_n whither_o they_o be_v flee_v and_o after_o a_o siege_n of_o two_o year_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 346._o the_o end_n of_o this_o war_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o a_o great_a for_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n of_o syracuse_n take_v into_o his_o protection_n those_o that_o flee_v from_o agrigentum_n 346._o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v to_o do_v with_o so_o powerful_a a_o enemy_n raise_v a_o army_n of_o 15000_o african_a foot_n and_o 5000_o horse_n beside_o 10000_o spaniard_n to_o oblige_v who_o they_o restore_v cadiz_n and_o withdraw_v all_o their_o garrison_n except_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o hercules_n and_o some_o other_o small_a fort_n himilco_n cipo_n be_v appoint_v general_n of_o these_o force_n who_o at_o his_o first_o land_v in_o sicily_n take_v the_o city_n camarina_n which_o he_o burn_v and_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o people_n of_o gela_n terrify_v at_o this_o cruelty_n abandon_v the_o town_n dionysius_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o have_v gather_v a_o great_a force_n meet_v the_o carthaginian_n and_o at_o first_o put_v they_o so_o hard_o to_o it_o that_o their_o horse_n begin_v to_o give_v way_n till_o himilco_n come_v up_o with_o a_o reserve_v of_o 2000_o fresh_a man_n oblige_v the_o sicilian_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n night_n prevent_v the_o pursuit_n but_o morning_n be_v come_v himilco_n attack_n the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n and_o after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o dionysius_n save_v himself_o by_o flight_n but_o to_o see_v how_o uncertain_a humane_a prosperity_n be_v after_o all_o this_o success_n so_o violent_a a_o plague_n rage_v among_o the_o carthaginian_a force_n that_o himilco_n return_v home_o with_o a_o very_a small_a number_n where_o for_o grief_n of_o this_o loss_n he_o slay_v himself_o after_o this_o some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o dionysius_n endeavour_v by_o his_o ambassador_n to_o withdraw_v the_o spaniard_n from_o side_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n but_o they_o with_o kindness_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o courtesy_n keep_v they_o in_o their_o friendship_n about_o the_o same_o time_n certain_a carthaginian_n sail_v from_o spain_n whether_o design_o or_o force_v by_o bad_a wether_n be_v not_o know_v island_n have_v traverse_v the_o vast_a ocean_n discover_v a_o large_a rich_a and_o beautiful_a island_n which_o be_v uninhabited_a some_o of_o those_o people_n stay_v and_o plant_v there_o the_o rest_n return_v and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o they_o have_v see_v to_o the_o senate_n where_o as_o aristotle_n say_v it_o be_v agree_v this_o discovery_n ought_v to_o be_v conceal_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n the_o discoverer_n put_v to_o death_n lest_o the_o citizen_n allure_v by_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o island_n and_o weary_a of_o war_n shall_v abandon_v the_o city_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n this_o island_n be_v one_o of_o the_o canary_n other_o that_o it_o be_v hispaniola_n or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n of_o america_n the_o carthaginian_n burn_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o renew_v the_o war_n in_o sicily_n raise_v man_n in_o spain_n and_o africa_n but_o the_o spaniard_n be_v averse_a to_o the_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n because_o of_o the_o two_o great_a loss_n sustain_v there_o and_o for_o that_o as_o they_o say_v they_o have_v receive_v no_o wrong_n from_o the_o sicilian_n this_o oblige_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o lay_v aside_o that_o design_n till_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n which_o be_v soon_o offer_v for_o a_o great_a famine_n happen_v in_o spain_n and_o after_o it_o as_o usual_a a_o plague_n the_o spaniard_n become_v more_o inclinable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o fly_v from_o the_o misery_n of_o their_o own_o country_n 20000_o spanish_a foot_n 1000_o horse_n and_o 300_o sling_n man_n of_o majorca_n be_v raise_v hanno_n be_v appoint_v general_n for_o this_o war_n african_n who_o with_o these_o force_n and_o 10000_o african_n sail_v over_o into_o sicily_n dionysius_n who_o be_v then_o in_o italy_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o cotron_n a_o greek_a city_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n of_o the_o storm_n that_o threaten_v he_o be_v force_v to_o haste_v back_o to_o secure_v his_o own_o his_o fleet_n which_o serve_v to_o transport_v his_o army_n from_o rhegio_n into_o sicily_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o carthagian_o and_o several_a ship_n take_v in_o which_o be_v his_o own_o equipage_n among_o the_o other_o thing_n take_v be_v find_v some_o letter_n write_v in_o greek_a by_o one_o sunniatus_n a_o carthaginian_a give_v dionysius_n a_o account_n of_o the_o preparation_n make_v against_o he_o which_o he_o do_v in_o revenge_n for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v appoint_v general_n but_o it_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n and_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o for_o the_o future_a no_o carthaginian_a shall_v ever_o learn_v the_o greek_a language_n that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o converse_v with_o a_o enemy_n without_o a_o interpreter_n after_o this_o victory_n at_o sea_n many_o place_n submit_v themselves_o to_o hanno_n and_o the_o war_n be_v continue_v with_o various_a success_n till_o the_o sixteen_o year_n thereof_o which_o according_a to_o eusebius_n be_v from_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n 336._o or_o rather_o according_a to_o other_o the_o second_o of_o the_o 99th_o olympiad_n 336._o which_o be_v of_o rome_n 371._o then_o dionysius_n the_o elder_a die_a dio_fw-mi who_o govern_v the_o 371._o young_a dionysius_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n yet_o the_o quiet_a of_o sicily_n last_v not_o long_o but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o spain_n it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v how_o the_o carthaginian_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n of_o sicily_n in_o part_n restore_v those_o of_o cadiz_n to_o their_o liberty_n this_o war_n be_v end_v they_o send_v bostar_n to_o govern_v the_o balearick_n island_n with_o order_n to_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o people_n of_o saguntum_n but_o they_o fear_v all_o his_o fair_a word_n tend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o liberty_n will_v never_o entertain_v any_o correspondence_n with_o he_o hanno_n be_v send_v to_o spain_n govern_v cadiz_n but_o he_o be_v covetous_a oppress_v the_o native_n and_o by_o violent_a mean_n seize_v upon_o all_o the_o treasure_n as_o well_o of_o private_a person_n as_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a which_o provoke_v the_o spaniard_n to_o conspire_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n all_o on_o a_o sudden_a they_o appear_v in_o arm_n slay_v many_o of_o their_o enemy_n and_o plunder_v their_o good_n hanno_n have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o be_v forsake_v by_o his_o ally_n in_o spain_n send_v into_o africa_n for_o succour_n these_o auxiliary_n commit_v great_a cruelty_n and_o make_v havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n now_o call_v andaluzia_n what_o have_v happen_v be_v know_v at_o carthage_n they_o send_v another_o to_o succeed_v hanno_n but_o we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o his_o name_n or_o any_o thing_n he_o do_v in_o that_o government_n his_o come_n be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 398._o the_o war_n which_o employ_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o sicily_n give_v peace_n to_o spain_n for_o some_o time_n but_o the_o joy_n and_o 398._o satisfaction_n of_o this_o tranquillity_n be_v allay_v by_o great_a flood_n which_o destroy_v infinite_a earthquake_n number_n of_o cattle_n and_o bear_v down_o many_o building_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o earthquake_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o many_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a suffer_v extreme_o more_o especial_o saguntum_n by_o how_o much_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o in_o beauty_n and_o grandeur_n the_o three_o year_n which_o be_v 405._o after_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n be_v note_v for_o mighty_a storm_n at_o sea_n which_o cause_v extraordinary_a shipwreck_n 405._o the_o governor_n that_o succeed_v hanno_n die_v one_o

blood_n be_v send_v in_o his_o place_n and_o storm_n after_o he_o maherbal_n but_o no_o account_n can_v be_v have_v of_o any_o action_n of_o they_o or_o what_o governor_n follow_v it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o marseilles_n in_o france_n be_v grow_v too_o numerous_a in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 419._o scent_n a_o colony_n into_o spain_n empurias_n and_o inhabit_a that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n empurias_n which_o be_v next_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pyrenean_n opposite_a to_o rose_n in_o latin_a call_v emporia_n though_o small_a it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n by_o a_o wall_n whence_o in_o greek_a it_o be_v former_o call_v palaeopolis_n that_o be_v old_a town_n signify_v the_o old_a part_n of_o it_o and_o also_o diospolis_n that_o be_v two_o to_n another_o 419._o part_n of_o the_o fleet_n from_o marseilles_n pass_v cape_n denia_n and_o build_v a_o town_n near_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n three_o remarkable_a thing_n be_v make_v know_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o come_n of_o this_o thing_n fleet_n the_o first_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o how_o religious_o they_o assist_v and_o support_v their_o ally_n the_o second_o that_o the_o syracusan_n after_o recover_v their_o liberty_n contrive_v to_o expel_v the_o carthaginian_n out_o of_o sicily_n and_o the_o three_o that_o alexander_n of_o macedon_n surname_v the_o great_a have_v vanquish_v darius_n conquer_a the_o empire_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o subdue_v more_o country_n than_o another_o man_n in_o that_o time_n can_v have_v travel_v through_o this_o great_a move_v the_o spaniard_n inhabit_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a to_o send_v a_o embassy_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v his_o protection_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o aim_v at_o the_o enslave_v of_o all_o that_o province_n paulus_n orosius_n say_v maurinus_fw-la be_v chief_a of_o this_o embassy_n who_o join_v by_o the_o way_n with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n go_v in_o their_o company_n to_o babylon_n where_o they_o find_v those_o of_o all_o other_o province_n that_o be_v there_o by_o alexander_n appointment_n expect_v his_o come_n alexander_n be_v come_v to_o babylon_n they_o give_v he_o a_o ample_a account_n of_o their_o commission_n receive_v a_o favourable_a answer_n with_o promise_n of_o his_o protection_n and_o have_v be_v rich_o present_v return_v home_o well_o satisfy_v no_o doubt_n but_o this_o embassy_n be_v very_o displease_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n but_o it_o be_v no_o time_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o they_o be_v then_o employ_v in_o the_o war_n in_o sicily_n whence_o they_o be_v total_o expel_v by_o agathocles_n not_o long_o after_o ensue_v the_o first_o war_n betwixt_o rome_n and_o carthage_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n war._n our_o author_n say_v spain_n suffer_v by_o civil_a war_n without_o name_v the_o party_n or_o place_n only_o express_v that_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o the_o great_a cruelty_n kill_v plunder_v and_o burn_v on_o all_o hand_n without_o mercy_n much_o about_o this_o time_n which_o be_v the_o year_n of_o rome_n 502._o the_o mallorquines_n revolt_a from_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o have_v put_v their_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n 502._o oblige_v the_o fleet_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o harbour_n with_o shower_n of_o stone_n to_o put_v to_o sea_n and_o at_o last_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o appease_v those_o people_n to_o return_v to_o carthage_n to_o retrieve_v this_o loss_n the_o senate_n send_v hamilcar_n barchinus_n who_o with_o great_a prudence_n by_o courtesy_n and_o address_n reduce_v those_o islander_n to_o obedience_n without_o use_v any_o force_n or_o violence_n the_o year_n 507_o of_o rome_n and_o last_o of_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n be_v fatal_a to_o spain_n for_o a_o great_a drought_n and_o violent_a 507._o earthquake_n earthquake_n by_o which_o part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o cadiz_n be_v break_v off_o and_o sink_v in_o the_o sea_n chap._n ii_o the_o second_o come_v of_o hamilcar_n asdrubal_n succeed_v he_o his_o preparation_n for_o the_o roman_a war_n and_o death_n no_o soon_o do_v the_o carthaginian_n begin_v to_o breath_n after_o their_o unfortunate_a war_n with_o rome_n and_o other_o disaster_n which_o follow_v it_o but_o they_o cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o spain_n as_o the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o make_v up_o their_o loss_n hamilcar_n be_v appoint_v to_o command_v there_o with_o a_o spain_n absolute_a power_n he_o at_o his_o set_n out_o from_o carthage_n according_a to_o custom_n sacrifice_v and_o offer_v up_o his_o vow_n his_o son_n hannibal_n then_o but_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n be_v present_a he_o cause_v he_o to_o touch_v the_o altar_n and_o swear_v that_o when_o he_o be_v of_o age_n he_o will_v revenge_v his_o country_n against_o the_o roman_n beside_o he_o hamilcar_n have_v three_o young_a son_n asdrubal_n mago_n and_o hanno_n be_v arrive_v at_o cadiz_n he_o receive_v ambassador_n from_o the_o turdetani_n who_o have_v always_o continue_v in_o amity_n with_o carthage_n offer_v their_o force_n if_o he_o have_v occasion_n for_o their_o service_n with_o their_o assistance_n hamilcar_n not_o only_o recover_v that_o part_n which_o have_v be_v lose_v but_o possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o betica_n either_o by_o force_n or_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o native_n and_o this_o be_v the_o year_n of_o rome_n 516._o strabo_n say_v the_o spaniard_n at_o that_o time_n be_v 516._o so_o rich_a that_o their_o manger_n and_o water_n trough_n be_v make_v of_o silver_n hamilcar_n coast_v along_o the_o mediterranean_a run_v up_o the_o river_n ebro_n where_o he_o build_v a_o town_n former_o call_v old_a carthage_n suppose_v to_o be_v now_o cantavecha_n distant_a ten_o league_n from_o tortosa_n to_o the_o north-west_n among_o the_o people_n then_o call_v ilercaones_n the_o follow_a year_n he_o subdue_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o bastetani_n and_o contestani_n where_o now_o be_v the_o city_n baça_n and_o murcia_n and_o not_o far_o from_o where_o saguntum_n once_o stand_v and_o whence_o ambassador_n come_v to_o hamilcar_n bring_v present_n and_o congratulate_v his_o success_n but_o not_o with_o any_o intention_n of_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o hamilcar_n receive_v and_o dismiss_v they_o with_o kindness_n yet_o he_o earnest_o desire_v to_o be_v master_n of_o that_o city_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o have_v some_o colour_n or_o pretence_n for_o that_o undertake_n in_o order_n to_o it_o he_o persuade_v the_o turdetani_n to_o build_v a_o town_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saguntins_n which_o be_v call_v turdetuni_fw-la and_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v terud_v 20_o league_n distant_a from_o saguntum_n this_o breed_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o two_o city_n which_o be_v it_o hamilcar_n aim_v at_o and_o they_o understand_v his_o design_n resolve_v not_o to_o move_v or_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o turdetani_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ebro_n the_o carthaginian_n celebrate_v feast_n for_o the_o victory_n they_o have_v obtain_v as_o also_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o himilce_a daughter_n of_o hamilcar_n with_o his_o kinsman_n asdrubal_n this_o be_v the_o year_n of_o rome_n 521._o while_o these_o feast_n be_v keep_v hamilcar_n 521._o be_v not_o idle_a but_o send_v ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o principal_a man_n there_o believe_v their_o friendship_n may_v be_v advantageous_a towards_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n he_o design_v against_o rome_n when_o he_o have_v once_o subdue_v spain_n he_o win_v they_o with_o gold_n of_o which_o they_o be_v covetous_a and_o spain_n yield_v plenty_n the_o year_n follow_v he_o advance_v to_o the_o pyrenean_n conquer_a all_o from_o tortosa_n to_o the_o river_n lobregat_n then_o call_v rubricatus_n now_o it_o be_v that_o he_o build_v the_o famous_a city_n barcelona_n capital_a of_o catalonia_n and_o give_v it_o that_o name_n from_o that_o of_o his_o family_n to_o wit_n the_o barzini_n his_o design_n be_v lay_v against_o rose_n and_o empurias_n which_o he_o think_v obstruct_v he_o as_o be_v confederate_n with_o saguntum_n when_o death_n surprise_v he_o among_o the_o edetani_n whither_o he_o be_v return_v in_o order_n to_o pacify_v some_o disturbance_n in_o the_o province_n of_o betica_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o native_n about_o the_o nine_o year_n after_o this_o his_o second_o come_v into_o spain_n this_o fight_n be_v so_o bloody_a that_o of_o above_o 40000_o man_n he_o have_v in_o his_o army_n two_o three_o be_v slaughter_v the_o rest_n of_o they_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n escape_v to_o the_o neighbour_a town_n that_o hold_v for_o they_o livy_n say_v this_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o a_o place_n call_v castrum_n altum_fw-la after_o this_o signal_n defeat_v the_o carthaginian_a force_n be_v turn_v against_o

himself_o propretor_n but_o promise_v to_o send_v corn_n and_o clothes_n for_o the_o soldier_n claudius_n nero_n be_v appoint_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o war_n of_o capua_n be_v conclude_v to_o go_v over_o into_o spain_n with_o 11000_o foot_n and_o 1100_o horse_n nero_n land_v near_o tarragona_n and_o have_v join_v marcius_n and_o fonteius_n march_v with_o speed_n towards_o andaluzia_n in_o quest_n of_o asdrubal_n who_o be_v encamp_v at_o a_o wood_n between_o illiturgum_n and_o mentisa_n suppose_v to_o be_v montizon_n or_o cazorla_n where_o he_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o pass_n through_o which_o of_o necessity_n the_o enemy_n be_v to_o retire_v asdrubal_n have_v recourse_n to_o policy_n and_o feign_v he_o will_v take_v condition_n gain_v so_o much_o time_n that_o his_o army_n by_o night_n steal_v away_o over_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o roman_a general_n too_o late_o discover_v the_o cheat_n that_o have_v be_v put_v upon_o he_o offer_v the_o carthaginian_n battle_n which_o they_o cautious_o avoid_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o rome_n publius_n cornelius_n scipio_n a_o youth_n of_o 24_o year_n of_o age_n but_o of_o spain_n great_a hope_n be_v choose_v to_o go_v proconsul_n into_o spain_n with_o 10000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n sillanus_n be_v appoint_v propretor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o nero_n and_o scipio_n choose_v his_o brother_n lucius_n and_o caius_z lelius_n for_o his_o legate_n or_o lieutenant_n this_o be_v that_o lelius_n who_o be_v think_v to_o govern_v all_o the_o action_n of_o scipio_n and_o of_o who_o it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o he_o compose_v the_o play_n and_o scipio_n act_v it_o he_o land_v in_o spain_n about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n he_o commend_v the_o soldier_n for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v honour_a marcius_n as_o he_o deserve_v and_o ever_o after_o make_v great_a account_n of_o he_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 544._o scipio_n 544._o take_v the_o field_n with_o his_o own_o and_o the_o force_n of_o his_o confederate_n resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o river_n ebro_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o carthagena_n a_o city_n opposite_a to_o africa_n the_o strong_a the_o enemy_n hold_v and_o where_o they_o keep_v the_o spanish_a hostage_n and_o lay_v up_o their_o magazine_n his_o design_n be_v well_o ground_v for_o that_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a garrison_n in_o the_o town_n and_o the_o carthaginian_a general_n be_v at_o a_o distance_n mago_n near_o cadiz_n asdrubal_n the_o son_n of_o gisgo_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o guadiana_n and_o the_o other_o asdrubal_n in_o carpetania_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n to_o lelius_n be_v give_v the_o command_n of_o the_o fleet_n with_o order_n that_o he_o shall_v steep_v near_o to_o the_o land_n army_n which_o in_o all_o consist_v of_o 25000_o foot_n 2500_o horse_n in_o seven_o day_n scipio_n come_v before_o carthagena_n and_o resolve_v to_o attack_v it_o the_o next_o day_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n mago_n who_o command_v in_o the_o town_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o provide_v all_o thing_n for_o his_o defence_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o rise_a ground_n over_o the_o harbour_n opposite_a to_o which_o be_v a_o island_n which_o secure_v it_o against_o all_o wind_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n on_o three_o side_n and_o that_o which_o be_v on_o the_o land_n side_n look_v towards_o the_o north_n be_v of_o difficult_a ascent_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o good_a wall_n scipio_n man_n attempt_v to_o scale_v this_o wall_n but_o the_o spaniard_n that_o defend_v it_o do_v not_o only_o make_v good_a their_o post_n but_o sally_v oblige_v they_o to_o retire_v in_o disorder_n till_o fresh_a supply_n come_v to_o their_o relief_n the_o spaniard_n be_v force_v to_o take_v to_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o wall_n this_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o consternation_n in_o the_o town_n that_o many_o quit_v their_o post_n and_o the_o besieger_n lay_v hold_n of_o the_o opportunity_n lay_v their_o ladder_n to_o the_o wall_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o besiege_a perceive_v the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o take_v heart_n again_o and_o throw_v shower_n of_o stone_n and_o all_o other_o weapon_n again_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o shallow_a which_o the_o fisherman_n say_v a_o man_n may_v walk_v over_o at_o low_a water_n though_o the_o soldier_n have_v take_v no_o rest_n after_o the_o other_o attack_n scipio_n order_v they_o to_o assault_v the_o wall_n in_o two_o place_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o townsman_n be_v all_o bent_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o those_o part_n his_o man_n may_v enter_v at_o that_o three_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o unregarded_a his_o order_n be_v punctual_o obey_v and_o all_o thing_n succeed_v according_a to_o his_o wish_n for_o the_o soldier_n enter_v on_o that_o side_n open_v a_o gate_n and_o let_v in_o their_o carthagena_n companion_n thus_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o moment_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o city_n and_o mago_n have_v no_o hope_n of_o maintain_v himself_o deliver_v the_o citadel_n the_o booty_n be_v great_a many_o engine_n of_o war_n 74_o colour_n 63_o great_a ship_n that_o be_v in_o the_o harbour_n lade_v with_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n and_o 10000_o prisoner_n beside_o slave_n be_v take_v all_o the_o citizen_n of_o carthagena_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o more_o to_o oblige_v they_o their_o good_n restore_v part_v of_o the_o hostage_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o their_o city_n the_o rest_n honourable_o entertain_v and_o among_o they_o the_o wife_n of_o mandonius_n and_o the_o child_n of_o indibilis_n moreover_o a_o beautiful_a young_a maid_n be_v bring_v to_o scipio_n by_o the_o soldier_n he_o will_v scarce_o see_v she_o to_o avoid_v temptation_n and_o suspicion_n but_o command_v she_o to_o be_v take_v care_n of_o and_o restore_v to_o luceyus_fw-la a_o noble_a celtiberian_a to_o who_o she_o be_v betroth_v give_v she_o in_o dower_n the_o gold_n her_o parent_n offer_v for_o her_o ransom_n this_o goodness_n and_o liberality_n so_o high_o oblige_v that_o youth_n that_o soon_o after_o he_o return_v to_o serve_v the_o roman_n with_o 1400_o horse_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o service_n with_o great_a zeal_n and_o affection_n the_o soldier_n that_o first_o enter_v the_o town_n be_v reward_v according_a to_o their_o merit_n and_o because_o there_o arise_v a_o dispute_n betwixt_o sextus_n digitius_n and_o quintus_fw-la trebellius_n about_o the_o mural_a crown_n each_o pretend_v he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o mount_v the_o wall_n and_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v about_o it_o the_o general_n decree_v that_o both_o shall_v have_v it_o which_o give_v full_a satisfaction_n to_o all_o men._n to_o lelius_n be_v give_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n and_o 30_o ox_n for_o sacrifice_n and_o he_o be_v send_v to_o carry_v the_o news_n to_o rome_n in_o a_o galley_n of_o five_o slave_n to_o a_o oar_n and_o with_o he_o mago_n and_o five_o senator_n of_o carthage_n next_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n that_o have_v be_v damage_v be_v repair_v all_o which_o be_v perfect_v scipio_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n return_v with_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n to_o tarragona_n where_o he_o have_v appoint_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o confederate_a spaniard_n lelius_n be_v come_v to_o rome_n lay_v before_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a advantage_n that_o have_v accrue_v to_o they_o by_o the_o take_n of_o carthagena_n but_o their_o satisfaction_n be_v much_o abate_v by_o the_o news_n bring_v they_o that_o 5000_o numidian_a horse_n and_o other_o african_a force_n be_v ready_a to_o be_v send_v from_o carthage_n into_o spain_n beside_o great_a recruit_n that_o asdrubal_n barchinus_n be_v bring_v into_o italy_n to_o reinforce_v hannibal_n who_o have_v late_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o samnite_n now_o part_n of_o abruzzo_n rout_v the_o roman_a army_n kill_v the_o praetor_n genius_n fulvius_n and_o twelve_o tribune_n with_o 13000_o man_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o or_o 7000_o according_a to_o other_o chap._n vii_o publius_n scipio_n rout_n asdrubal_n and_o drive_v the_o carthaginian_n quite_o out_o of_o spain_n other_o notable_a action_n of_o his_o there_o cornelius_n lentulus_n and_o lucius_n manlius_n succeed_v he_o and_o overthrow_n the_o spaniard_n that_o have_v revolt_a the_o take_n of_o carthagena_n change_v the_o face_n of_o affair_n in_o spain_n and_o many_o incline_v to_o the_o roman_a interest_n for_o most_o man_n follow_v the_o great_a power_n among_o the_o rest_n edeseus_n a_o man_n of_o great_a note_n come_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o have_v restore_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n that_o be_v among_o the_o hostage_n mandonius_n and_o indibilis_n prince_n of_o the_o celtiberi_n obtain_v pardon_n for_o the_o late_a miscarriage_n and_o be_v

receive_v into_o grace_n asdrubal_n barchinus_n be_v quarter_v about_o betulon_n a_o city_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o andaluzia_n where_o now_o be_v vbeda_n and_o baeça_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o be_v of_o rome_n 545._o will_v permit_v scipio_n 545._o advance_v from_o tarragona_n towards_o he_o but_o he_o have_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o suspect_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o man_n as_o well_o as_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o spaniard_n that_o be_v with_o he_o by_o night_n move_v his_o camp_n to_o a_o eminence_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o foot_n whereof_o be_v encompass_v by_o a_o river_n suppose_v to_o be_v guadalquivir_fw-fr upon_o this_o hill_n be_v two_o plain_n on_o the_o low_a asdrubal_n plant_v the_o numidian_n african_n and_o mallorquin_n on_o the_o upper_a he_o encamp_v with_o the_o gross_a of_o the_o army_n neither_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o way_n nor_o the_o steepness_n of_o the_o ascent_n deter_v scipio_n from_o attacking_z the_o enemy_n who_o have_v more_o confidence_n in_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n than_o in_o the_o courage_n of_o his_o men._n all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v in_o mount_v and_o nothing_o that_o the_o enemy_n cast_v down_o fall_v in_o vain_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o reach_v the_o first_o plain_n and_o come_v to_o their_o sword_n the_o defendant_n flee_v to_o the_o upper_a the_o ascent_n thither_o be_v more_o craggy_a than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o go_v about_o and_o divide_v the_o army_n into_o two_o scipio_n part_n scipio_n march_v towards_o the_o left_a and_o lelius_n towards_o the_o right_n no_o soon_o have_v they_o mount_v and_o fall_v on_o on_o both_o side_n but_o the_o enemy_n flee_v for_o they_o have_v neither_o room_n to_o draw_v out_o nor_o time_n to_o place_v their_o elephant_n in_o the_o front_n 8000_o be_v slay_v 10000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n take_v and_o among_o they_o massiva_n a_o youth_n nephew_n to_o massinissa_n late_o 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the_o roman_n by_o remove_v they_o so_o far_o from_o home_n thus_o the_o carthaginian_o on_o the_o other_o side_n scipio_n because_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o spend_v return_v to_o tarragona_n through_o the_o wood_n of_o castulon_n and_o part_n of_o sierra_n morena_n where_o he_o spend_v all_o the_o next_o year_n which_o be_v 546._o without_o do_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a the_o force_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v much_o break_a from_o carthage_n instead_o of_o asdrubal_n barchinus_n come_v hanno_n 546._o to_o govern_v spain_n by_o the_o way_n he_o take_v up_o mago_n in_o the_o island_n of_o majorca_n and_o land_v in_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 547._o and_o immediate_o go_v to_o raise_v man_n among_o the_o celtiberi_fw-la scipio_n send_v 547._o syllanus_n against_o he_o who_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n first_o rout_v mago_n and_o then_o take_v hanno_n who_o be_v march_v to_o relieve_v he_o next_o scipio_n resolve_v to_o move_v towards_o asdrubal_n the_o son_n of_o gisgo_n who_o be_v encamp_v near_o cadiz_n but_o he_o have_v notice_n of_o it_o divide_v his_o force_n among_o the_o garrison_n despair_v of_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o field_n this_o news_n come_v to_o scipio_n he_o turn_v back_o only_o send_v his_o brother_n lucius_n to_o take_v orange_n a_o city_n of_o the_o milessi_fw-it pliny_n place_n orange_n in_o the_o province_n of_o betica_n near_o where_o jaen_n now_o stand_v this_o enterprise_n be_v successful_a for_o the_o town_n be_v enter_v by_o storm_n all_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o 300_o of_o the_o townsman_n that_o shut_v the_o gate_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v make_v slave_n the_o rest_n be_v set_v free_a and_o their_o good_n restore_v to_o they_o winter_n draw_v on_o the_o army_n be_v send_v into_o quarter_n and_o lucius_n to_o rome_n with_o hanno_n and_o other_o prisoner_n where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o have_v be_v do_v in_o spain_n the_o year_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o 548_o of_o rome_n asdrubal_n the_o son_n of_o gisgo_n gather_v a_o 548._o mighty_a army_n which_o with_o the_o auxiliary_a spaniard_n amount_v to_o 50000_o foot_n and_o 4500_o horse_n scipio_n and_o encamp_v in_o the_o province_n betica_n or_o andaluzia_n near_o the_o city_n of_o silia_n scipio_n have_v intelligence_n hereof_o take_v only_o 3000_o spanish_a foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n be_v warn_v by_o the_o fate_n of_o father_n and_o uncle_n not_o to_o place_v much_o confidence_n in_o they_o with_o these_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o roman_n legion_n he_o march_v towards_o asdrubal_n some_o day_n swear_v spend_v in_o skirmish_n and_o then_o both_o army_n draw_v out_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n but_o neither_o care_v to_o give_v the_o first_o stroke_n between_o the_o two_o army_n be_v a_o valley_n and_o each_o expect_v the_o other_o shall_v pass_v it_o first_o to_o keep_v the_o advantage_n of_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o stand_v at_o length_n scipio_n adventure_v early_o one_o morning_n to_o attack_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n asdrubal_n surprise_v at_o this_o unexpected_a boldness_n place_v his_o horse_n in_o front_n to_o check_v the_o adverse_a cavalry_n that_o give_v the_o first_o charge_n whilst_o he_o draw_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n into_o the_o field_n the_o horse_n stand_v to_o it_o so_o courageous_o that_o the_o fight_v a_o for_o long_a time_n be_v doubtful_a scipio_n withdraw_v back_o his_o cavalry_n into_o the_o centre_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o stretch_v out_o and_o advance_v the_o wing_n in_o which_o the_o roman_a legion_n fight_v thus_o before_o the_o main_a body_n join_v he_o make_v the_o enemy_n wing_n give_v way_n as_o be_v compose_v of_o mallorquin_n and_o spaniard_n both_o raw_a and_o unexperienced_a soldier_n and_o that_o come_v out_o fast_v whereas_o the_o roman_n be_v better_o provide_v though_o the_o enemy_n at_o first_o retire_v in_o order_n and_o after_o flee_v outright_o yet_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o enter_v their_o camp_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o rain_n that_o fall_v asdrubal_n terrify_v with_o this_o misfortune_n and_o fear_v least_o all_o his_o ally_n shall_v desert_v he_o as_o some_o have_v already_o do_v the_o follow_a night_n quit_v his_o camp_n design_v to_o get_v away_o by_o long_a march_n but_o in_o the_o morning_n scipio_n perceive_v he_o be_v go_v send_v the_o horse_n to_o fall_v upon_o his_o rear_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o play_n till_o the_o legion_n come_v up_o put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o rout_n great_a be_v the_o slaughter_n this_o day_n for_o of_o all_o that_o vast_a army_n scarce_o 7000_o escape_v with_o their_o general_n who_o climb_v a_o very_a craggy_a mountain_n a_o place_n natural_o strong_a hence_o asdrubal_n steal_v away_o private_o to_o cadiz_n and_o scipio_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n return_v to_o tarragona_n leave_v syllanus_n with_o the_o rest_n to_o besiege_v they_o on_o the_o hill_n among_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v massinissa_n who_o perceive_v the_o affair_n of_o carthage_n total_o decline_v resolve_v to_o side_n with_o fortune_n and_o according_o have_v a_o private_a interview_n with_o syllanus_n in_o order_n to_o come_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v remarkable_a in_o that_o siege_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n and_o so_o end_v the_o power_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o spain_n which_o then_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n after_o hannibal_n destroy_v saguntum_n and_o the_o 5_o after_o scipio_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o spain_n this_o tedious_a and_o dangerous_a war_n in_o spain_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n scipio_n bend_v his_o design_n against_o africa_n and_o carthage_n and_o in_o order_n to_o they_o treat_v with_o massinissa_n african_n and_o send_v he_o over_o into_o africa_n to_o dispose_v his_o people_n to_o leave_v the_o friendship_n

spain_n with_o 12000_o man_n and_o though_o some_o advise_v to_o join_v his_o force_n with_o tarif_n in_o order_n to_o subdue_v spain_n what_o still_o remain_v he_o take_v the_o council_n of_o those_o wicked_a christian_n who_o hold_v their_o interest_n in_o more_o esteem_n than_o conscience_n and_o promise_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o reduce_v such_o place_n as_o hold_v out_o count_n julian_n either_o in_o hope_n of_o great_a reward_n or_o disgu_v at_o tarif_n repair_v to_o muza_n from_o algezira_n where_o these_o infidel_n land_v they_o march_v to_o medina_n sidonia_n to_n which_o after_o a_o siege_n of_o some_o day_n they_o take_v by_o assault_n next_o carmona_n have_v make_v a_o good_a defence_n be_v enter_v by_o stratagem_n some_o of_o count_n julian_n soldier_n either_o feign_n to_o desert_n or_o be_v receive_v as_o merchant_n for_o in_o this_o author_n vary_v have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n many_o of_o the_o goth_n resort_v to_o sevil_n but_o upon_o the_o 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it_o draw_v on_o he_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o priest_n by_o which_o his_o memory_n be_v stain_v more_o than_o he_o deserve_v beside_o his_o other_o good_a quality_n he_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n in_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o moor_n and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n overthrow_v juzeph_n who_o then_o govern_v spain_n for_o the_o infidel_n and_o have_v enter_v galicia_n kill_v 54000_o of_o his_o men._n this_o slay_v loss_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o juzeph_n who_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o year_n have_v oppose_v abderhaman_n and_o now_o be_v oppress_v by_o the_o humeyas_n he_o flee_v from_o cordova_n but_o be_v take_v by_o his_o enemy_n at_o granada_n and_o make_v his_o escape_n thence_o to_o toledo_n be_v there_o kill_v by_o his_o own_o people_n from_o this_o time_n which_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 759._o and_o according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o 759._o arab_n 142_o all_o the_o moor_n in_o spain_n be_v 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and_o other_o person_n of_o note_n be_v at_o the_o siege_n a_o body_n of_o frenchman_n come_v under_o the_o command_n of_o aymilius_n bishop_n of_o narbonne_n also_o succour_v out_o of_o england_n draw_v by_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o enterprise_n in_o several_a skirmish_n the_o enemy_n be_v worsted_n which_o make_v they_o more_o cautious_a how_o they_o sally_v the_o christian_n lodging_n themselves_o under_o the_o wall_n in_o three_o several_a place_n lay_v open_a as_o much_o of_o they_o as_o for_o one_o man_n to_o pass_v mean_o while_o the_o besiege_a be_v not_o idle_a peter_n rodriguez_n de_fw-fr açagra_n and_o ximeno_fw-la de_fw-fr vrrea_n at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v the_o town_n of_o cilla_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o valentia_n yet_o the_o moor_n gain_v courage_n at_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tunez_n his_o fleet_n consist_v of_o 18_o ship_n and_o galley_n this_o avail_v they_o nothing_o for_o the_o african_n understand_v a_o fleet_n be_v furnish_v against_o 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the_o camp_n from_o the_o pope_n and_o city_n 1238._o of_o lombardy_n offer_v to_o put_v themselves_o into_o his_o hand_n if_o he_o will_v assist_v they_o against_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n ii_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o queen_n violante_n who_o have_v great_a power_n over_o he_o and_o by_o who_o he_o have_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o same_o name_n he_o accept_v of_o their_o offer_n but_o can_v not_o perform_v as_o to_o succour_v they_o he_o be_v so_o engage_v in_o the_o war_n of_o spain_n beside_o that_o the_o emperor_n be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o pope_n though_o but_o superficial_o the_o besiege_a have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o relief_n resolve_v to_o surrender_v haliabata_n the_o king_n favourite_n and_o after_o he_o abulhamaler_n his_o nephew_n be_v send_v out_o to_o treat_v after_o many_o debate_n both_o party_n be_v eager_a to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n the_o capitulation_n be_v sign_v and_o the_o principal_a article_n be_v that_o the_o moorish_a king_n deliver_v up_o 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arragon_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v to_o montpelier_n king_n ferdinand_n be_v celebrate_v his_o nuptial_n at_o burgos_n queen_n berengaria_n his_o mother_n have_v conclude_v a_o match_n for_o he_o with_o the_o lady_n joanna_n daughter_n of_o simon_n earl_n of_o poitiers_n and_o adeloyde_v his_o wife_n marry_v grandchild_n of_o luis_n king_n of_o france_n and_o elizabeth_z the_o daughter_n of_o alonso_n the_o emperor_n by_o her_o the_o king_n have_v issue_n ferdinand_n surname_v poitiers_n luis_n and_o ellenor_n after_o the_o solemnity_n be_v perform_v both_o king_n and_o queen_n take_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n and_o castille_n he_o use_v to_o give_v access_n to_o all_o man_n and_o hear_v their_o business_n not_o only_o in_o public_a audience_n but_o even_o in_o his_o closet_n which_o gain_v he_o the_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o people_n be_v come_v

to_o reduce_v the_o arragonian_n to_o submit_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o see_v of_o toledo_n the_o prelate_n of_o that_o country_n in_o a_o provincial_a synod_n hold_v at_o valencia_n have_v decree_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n shall_v not_o have_v his_o cross_n carry_v before_o he_o in_o that_o province_n and_o interdict_a any_o town_n that_o shall_v permit_v he_o to_o do_v it_o d._n roderick_n happen_v to_o be_v there_o continue_v to_o have_v his_o cross_n carry_v as_o usual_a for_o which_o d._n peter_n de_fw-fr alvalete_fw-la the_o chief_a fomenter_n of_o that_o contention_n declare_v he_o excommunicate_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o who_o give_v judgement_n in_o favour_n of_o toledo_n yet_o the_o arragonian_n not_o submit_v d._n roderick_n now_o undertake_v this_o journey_n to_o secure_v his_o prerogative_n he_o die_v in_o france_n be_v upon_o his_o way_n home_o his_o body_n be_v bring_v into_o spain_n and_o bury_v at_o huerta_n a_o 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council_n at_o lion_n as_o have_v be_v say_v hear_v what_o have_v be_v do_v he_o lay_v a_o interdict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n and_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n hereupon_o the_o king_n submit_v beg_v absolution_n which_o be_v grant_v and_o the_o penance_n impose_v on_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v finish_v the_o monastery_n of_o benifacianum_n begin_v 20_o year_n before_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o tortosa_n and_o assign_v it_o revenue_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o 200_o mark_n of_o silver_n also_o 600_o mark_n yearly_a to_o the_o hospital_n at_o valencia_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v erect_v a_o chapellany_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o girona_n where_o prayer_n shall_v be_v perpetual_o offer_v up_o for_o himself_o and_o successor_n this_o account_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o monastery_n benifacianum_n and_o though_o most_o author_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o i_o will_v not_o whole_o omit_v it_o the_o reader_n may_v give_v credit_n to_o it_o as_o he_o think_v the_o thing_n deserve_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o spain_n towards_o the_o west_n stand_v the_o city_n of_o sevil_n the_o metropolis_n of_o andaluzia_n and_o for_o riches_n may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a in_o europe_n it_o be_v strength_n consist_v sevil._n not_o only_o in_o the_o wall_n but_o the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n its_o beauty_n in_o the_o numerous_a stately_a building_n and_o splendour_n of_o the_o people_n betwixt_o this_o city_n which_o be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o a_o suburb_n call_v triana_n on_o the_o right_n run_v the_o river_n guadalquivir_fw-fr hem_v in_o with_o high_a key_n and_o carry_v water_n enough_o for_o ship_n of_o great_a burden_n which_o render_v it_o commodious_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o mediterranean_n a_o bridge_n of_o wood_n build_v upon_o boat_n join_v the_o suburb_n to_o the_o city_n in_o the_o city_n be_v the_o old_a palace_n inhabit_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n in_o the_o suburb_n face_v the_o east_n 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upon_o that_o design_n soon_o after_o two_o other_o be_v put_v to_o the_o wrack_v confess_v the_o same_o both_o the_o moorish_a king_n desire_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n he_o of_o morocco_n dare_v not_o leave_v ceuta_n for_o fear_v his_o son_n abderhaman_n shall_v rebel_v who_o about_o this_o time_n be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o attempt_v it_o the_o king_n of_o 〈…〉_z dare_v not_o alone_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v idle_a send_v part_n of_o his_o force_n to_o overrun_v the_o country_n of_o ezija_n whilst_o he_o burn_v palma_n a_o town_n seat_v upon_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n xenil_n and_o gaudalquivir_n he_o dare_v not_o garrison_n it_o nor_o make_v any_o stay_n there_o hear_v the_o country_n be_v gather_v to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o his_o other_o force_n be_v defeat_v by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr aguilar_n who_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o booty_n they_o have_v gather_v it_o be_v now_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n 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3d_o son_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o iiid_n for_o it_o be_v he_o have_v the_o title_n at_o this_o time_n from_o france_n the_o earl_n of_o faux_n with_o his_o brother_n and_o some_o other_o king_n philip_n of_o navarre_n have_v send_v before_o great_a store_n of_o provision_n by_o sea_n and_o order_v his_o army_n to_o follow_v haste_v away_o himself_o to_o come_v time_n enough_o for_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v expect_v will_v be_v fight_v d._n john_n de_fw-fr lara_n and_o d._n john_n manuel_n come_v before_o and_o daily_o fresh_a force_n arrive_v from_o all_o part_n this_o increase_n of_o the_o christian_a army_n terrify_v the_o moor_n and_o they_o propose_v a_o truce_n notwithstanding_o the_o treaty_n the_o town_n be_v batter_v and_o the_o besiege_a do_v great_a harm_n among_o the_o christian_n with_o iron_n bullet_n they_o shoot_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n we_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o ball_n in_o our_o history_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n in_o the_o county_n of_o vrgel_n a_o child_n be_v bear_v with_o two_o head_n and_o four_o leg_n the_o superstitious_a people_n bury_v it_o alive_a and_o the_o parent_n suffer_v death_n for_o consent_v to_o that_o act._n this_o year_n die_v also_o die_v robert_n king_n of_o naples_n at_o algezira_n when_o autumn_n come_v on_o the_o foreign_a soldier_n go_v away_o the_o english_a pretend_v they_o be_v call_v home_o by_o their_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o faux_n say_v his_o man_n complain_v of_o the_o pay_n but_o sickness_n be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o their_o departure_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o 〈…〉_z die_v at_o sevil_n king_n philip_n of_o navarre_n at_o xerez_n both_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n their_o 〈…〉_z be_v carry_v into_o their_o country_n the_o departure_n of_o those_o prince_n encourage_v the_o 〈…〉_z hazard_v a_o battle_n 60_o galley_n of_o they_o which_o in_o october_n have_v anchor_v at_o estepona_n pass_v 〈…〉_z to_o gibraltar_n the_o river_n palmones_n part_v the_o two_o army_n both_o party_n several_a time_n meet_v in_o that_o river_n at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o moor_n show_v no_o bravery_n but_o present_o flee_v hunger_n press_v in_o the_o city_n for_o our_o fleet_n have_v take_v two_o galley_n of_o they_o carry_v in_o provision_n five_o bark_n get_v in_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1344_o and_o they_o return_v to_o africa_n give_v a_o account_n that_o the_o besiege_v can_v hold_v out_o no_o long_o present_o after_o a_o treaty_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o 26_o of_o march_n the_o city_n 1344._o be_v deliver_v upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n that_o the_o king_n of_o granada_n pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n surrender_v that_o the_o besiege_v have_v leave_v to_o depart_v and_o carry_v away_o their_o good_n that_o there_o be_v a_o truce_n for_o the_o term_n of_o ten_o year_n many_o of_o the_o moor_n go_v over_o into_o africa_n the_o king_n enter_v the_o city_n in_o solemn_a procession_n on_o the_o 27_o of_o march_n the_o great_a mosque_n be_v consecrate_v and_o the_o country_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o live_v there_o this_o do_v the_o king_n go_v to_o sevil_n where_o he_o receive_v a_o embassy_n from_o king_n edward_n of_o england_n offer_v his_o daughter_n joanna_n in_o marriage_n to_o france_n peter_n the_o heir_n of_o castille_n this_o offer_n be_v then_o accept_v of_o yet_o afterward_o take_v no_o effect_n in_o the_o late_a battle_n of_o tarifa_n two_o daughter_n of_o albohacen_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o now_o send_v to_o he_o without_o any_o ransom_n but_o he_o return_v rich_a present_n great_a rejoice_v be_v throughout_o all_o spain_n and_o the_o church_n resound_v with_o thanksgiving_n chap_n vi_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n conquer_v majorca_n and_o all_o its_o dominion_n great_a trouble_n in_o arragon_n the_o rebel_n suppress_v a_o universal_a plague_n the_o knight_n of_o calatrava_n at_o variance_n at_o length_n reconcile_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n in_o andaluzia_n the_o king_n of_o majorca_n be_v deprive_v of_o his_o kingdom_n arragonian_n by_o peter_n the_o ceremonious_a king_n of_o arragon_n who_o ought_v chief_o to_o have_v protect_v he_o the_o city_n montpellier_n in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o majorca_n for_o which_o place_n the_o king_n of_o france_n pretend_v the_o other_o ought_v to_o do_v they_o homage_n they_o have_v buy_v it_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o magalone_n to_o who_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v but_o those_o king_n refuse_v the_o french_a by_o force_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o many_o town_n subject_n to_o montpellier_n and_o put_v garrison_n into_o they_o the_o king_n of_o majorca_n be_v a_o dependant_a on_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n beg_v assistance_n of_o that_o king_n the_o aragonian_a cunning_o temporise_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o give_v the_o other_o nothing_o but_o good_a word_n at_o length_n they_o meet_v and_o the_o aragonian_a promise_v to_o aid_n his_o kinsman_n in_o case_n the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v refuse_v to_o put_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o judgement_n ambassador_n be_v send_v on_o this_o message_n but_o this_o be_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n or_o mean_v while_o the_o king_n of_o majorca_n be_v charge_v with_o many_o crime_n whether_o true_a or_o false_a be_v not_o know_v but_o such_o as_o serve_v for_o a_o pretence_n to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o crown_n the_o pope_n and_o queen_n of_o naples_n labour_v in_o vain_a to_o compose_v these_o difference_n the_o mallorquines_n waste_v with_o heavy_a tax_n be_v willing_a to_o change_v their_o master_n at_o length_n the_o war_n break_v out_o peter_z moncada_n the_o admiral_n be_v call_v from_o the_o siege_n of_o algezira_n and_o a_o fleet_n of_o 116_o sail_v

pacify_v they_o these_o two_o assemble_v the_o people_n at_o santiago_n and_o put_v to_o death_n the_o marshal_n peter_n pardo_n and_o some_o other_o gentleman_n bring_v the_o country_n under_o subjection_n king_n ferdinand_n be_v then_o go_v to_o catalonia_n upon_o this_o account_n mahomer_n the_o great_a turk_n have_v in_o vain_a besiege_a rhodes_n the_o space_n of_o three_o month_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v that_o enterprise_n part_v of_o his_o fleet_n sail_v to_o vallona_n in_o albania_n opposite_a to_o apulia_n a_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n thence_o achmet_n bassa_n who_o command_v pass_v over_o into_o italy_n and_o take_v the_o city_n otranto_n on_o the_o 13_o of_o august_n where_o he_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n italy_n spare_v neither_o sex_n nor_o age._n from_o this_o place_n the_o turk_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n destroy_v all_o they_o come_v at_o to_o the_o great_a terror_n of_o all_o italy_n this_o move_v the_o christian_a prince_n to_o think_v of_o join_v their_o force_n to_o stifle_v that_o flame_n particular_o king_n ferdinand_n send_v gonzalo_n beteta_n ambassador_n to_o pope_n sixtus_n who_o be_v then_o much_o displease_v with_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v upon_o several_a occasion_n and_o now_o more_o especial_o for_o he_o constitute_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n his_o legate_n in_o spain_n without_o acquaint_v the_o king_n with_o his_o design_n the_o public_a danger_n make_v private_a animosity_n be_v forget_v the_o king_n also_o send_v d._n john_n melguerite_n bishop_n of_o girona_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n 1481._o to_o make_v a_o league_n with_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n gather_v a_o fleet_n of_o 35_o sail_n of_o all_o sort_n at_o barcelona_n the_o 1481._o king_n of_o portugal_n fit_v 20_o ship_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o these_o succour_n go_v on_o slow_o therefore_o d._n alonso_n duke_n of_o calabria_n with_o what_o force_n he_o can_v gather_v in_o italy_n at_o last_o lay_v siege_n to_o otranto_n it_o fall_v out_o happy_o that_o mahomet_n the_o great_a turk_n die_v at_o nicomedia_n in_o bythinia_n on_o the_o 3d_o of_o may._n news_n hereof_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o turk_n in_o otranto_n they_o surrender_v that_o city_n the_o 5_o month_n after_o it_o have_v be_v besiege_v upon_o condition_n to_o depart_v free_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n retain_v in_o his_o service_n about_o 1500_o turk_n design_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o against_o the_o florentine_n it_o be_v the_o vulgar_a opinion_n they_o well_o deserve_v it_o because_o they_o have_v call_v in_o the_o turk_n yet_o many_o believe_v this_o be_v a_o policy_n of_o the_o duke_n to_o cast_v the_o scandal_n of_o retain_v those_o people_n upon_o his_o enemy_n the_o succour_n of_o arragon_n and_o portugal_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o they_o arrive_v in_o italy_n after_o otranto_n be_v surrender_v beside_o the_o distance_n weighty_a affair_n keep_v those_o king_n employ_v and_o divert_v they_o from_o send_v those_o succour_n soon_o king_n ferdinand_n hold_v the_o cortes_n of_o arragon_n at_o calatayud_n whither_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o her_o husband_n order_n bring_v prince_n john_n d._n alonso_n enriquez_n the_o admiral_n and_o peter_n fernandez_n de_fw-fr velasco_n the_o constable_n be_v appoint_v commissioner_n to_o govern_v castille_n the_o king_n aim_n be_v to_o have_v his_o son_n swear_v heir_n to_o that_o kingdom_n as_o have_v be_v before_o do_v in_o castille_n and_o be_v also_o perform_v there_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o may._n soon_o after_o the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o barcelona_n for_o the_o principality_n catalonia_n of_o catalonia_n beside_o these_o care_n another_o be_v add_v from_o navarre_n peter_n the_o cardinal_n and_o james_n his_o brother_n uncle_n to_o the_o young_a king_n come_v to_o zaragoça_n there_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n in_o a_o long_a harangue_n they_o lay_v before_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o misfortune_n navarre_n labour_v under_o the_o rebel_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o most_o considerable_a town_n and_o city_n the_o biamonteses_n have_v pamplona_n the_o other_o estela_n sanguessa_n and_o olite_a they_o represent_v that_o their_o king_n have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o but_o the_o title_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o lerin_n cease_v not_o to_o commit_v all_o manner_n of_o crime_n therefore_o they_o beg_v king_n ferdinand_n to_o pity_v that_o young_a king_n and_o deliver_v he_o from_o the_o slavery_n of_o his_o subject_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v hear_v the_o two_o brother_n promise_v he_o will_v stand_v by_o king_n francis_n and_o to_o show_v his_o readiness_n send_v certain_a person_n with_o the_o two_o prince_n who_o from_o he_o shall_v advise_v the_o rebel_n to_o submit_v to_o their_o king_n the_o cortes_n of_o that_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o tafalla_n there_o king_n ferdinand_n ambassador_n give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o they_o have_v in_o commission_n the_o navarrois_n answer_v that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v not_o be_v receive_v as_o he_o ought_v in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o they_o all_o but_o of_o some_o few_o who_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o if_o he_o will_v come_v to_o they_o no_o town_n will_v be_v want_v in_o express_v its_o loyalty_n this_o answer_n be_v satisfactory_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n that_o king_n francis_n shall_v go_v to_o pamplona_n it_o be_v think_v sit_v he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n lest_o in_o that_o time_n of_o confusion_n any_o affront_n shall_v be_v offer_v he_o at_o this_o time_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n die_v at_o sintra_n in_o the_o very_a chamber_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o portugal_n on_o the_o 28_o of_o august_n his_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o aljubarrota_n his_o son_n john_n ii_o for_o his_o high_a spirit_n and_o great_a exploit_n surname_v the_o great_a succeed_v he_o this_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o his_o father_n be_v always_o a_o utter_a enemy_n to_o castille_n the_o father_n carry_v it_o more_o open_o but_o the_o son_n subtle_o and_o underhand_o and_o therefore_o more_o furious_o vent_v his_o passion_n upon_o some_o nobleman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n who_o he_o suspect_v of_o favour_v castille_n as_o we_o shall_v soon_o see_v for_o piety_n goodness_n severity_n towards_o crimina_fw-la sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o a_o tenacious_a memory_n he_o equal_v all_o the_o king_n his_o contemporary_n and_o excel_v many_o he_o use_v to_o say_v that_o a_o kingdom_n either_o find_v prince_n wise_a or_o make_v they_o so_o by_o their_o continual_a converse_v with_o man_n of_o great_a part_n who_o constant_o be_v about_o the_o court_n of_o king_n and_o use_v all_o art_n in_o speech_n and_o behaviour_n to_o obtain_v their_o desire_n and_o discover_v their_o ability_n chap._n x._o francis_n king_n of_o navarre_n come_v out_o of_o france_n be_v crown_v and_o soon_o after_o die_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n discover_v and_o the_o conspirator_n punish_v peace_n betwixt_o castille_n and_o portugal_n ratify_v luis_n the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n die_v three_o prince_n die_v successive_o one_o year_n after_o another_o about_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n depart_v this_o die_v life_n charles_n duke_n of_o anjou_n he_o appoint_v the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o heir_n by_o which_o mean_v anjou_n and_o provence_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n beside_o other_o pretension_n which_o serve_v only_o to_o entail_v a_o war_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n on_o the_o first_o of_o july_n in_o the_o follow_a year_n 1482_o die_v d._n alonso_n carillo_n y_fw-fr acuna_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n a_o man_n even_o when_o of_o great_a age_n lively_a and_o active_a he_o retire_v in_o his_o latter_a day_n rather_o through_o necessity_n than_o of_o his_o own_o inclination_n 1482._o he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n francis_n build_v by_o himself_o at_o alcalà_fw-fr de_fw-fr henares_n he_o also_o make_v the_o church_n of_o s._n stephen_n till_o then_o a_o parish_n collegiate_n he_o be_v addict_v to_o chemistry_n and_o die_v poor_a yet_o be_v say_v to_o have_v leave_v some_o money_n to_o repair_v the_o school_n at_o alcala_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o archbishops_n tomb_n be_v bury_v his_o son_n troilus_n which_o the_o cardinal_n d._n francisco_n ximenez_n cause_v to_o be_v remove_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o monument_n of_o that_o prelate_n incontinency_n from_o this_o troilus_n be_v descend_v the_o marquess_n of_o falces_fw-la in_o navarre_n their_o surname_n be_v peralta_n the_o cardinal_n of_o spain_n succeed_v d._n alonso_n carrille_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o toledo_n he_o be_v son_n to_o ynigo_n lopez_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n marquis_n of_o santillana_n and_o brother_n to_o james_n hurtado_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n first_o duke_n del_fw-it infantado_n this_o prelate_n be_v a_o person_n of_o

oppose_v our_o army_n their_o force_n be_v 800_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o 8000_o foot_n the_o dauphin_n lie_v at_o garriz_n with_o another_o great_a body_n ready_a to_o second_v they_o this_o only_o wait_v the_o come_n of_o king_n john_n with_o his_o force_n to_o march_v into_o navarre_n in_o hope_n of_o their_o come_v the_o people_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o salazar_n and_o roncales_n revolt_v from_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o marshal_n of_o navarre_n also_o who_o till_o then_o have_v stand_v neuter_n declare_v for_o france_n and_o go_v away_o thither_o from_o tudela_n whither_o king_n ferdinand_n go_v to_o meet_v the_o queen_n after_o she_o have_v break_v up_o the_o cortes_n of_o arragon_n at_o monçon_n this_o cause_v king_n john_n to_o hasten_v his_o march_n there_o be_v two_o pass_n through_o the_o mountain_n betwixt_o navarre_n and_o france_n one_o be_v call_v valderroncal_n the_o other_o valderronça_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o french_a valderronças_n be_v s._n john_n the_o pied_a de_fw-fr porte_fw-fr where_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n then_o be_v through_o the_o other_o pass_v the_o king_n lead_v his_o army_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n with_o he_o go_v the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n the_o spaniard_n be_v no_o where_o strong_a enough_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n yet_o several_a commander_n post_v themselves_o in_o the_o straits_n of_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o rest_n ferdinand_n valdez_n take_v his_o post_n at_o burgi_n which_o place_n be_v very_o weak_a the_o enemy_n come_v on_o assault_v that_o place_n and_o though_o they_o lose_v 400_o man_n carry_v it_o kill_v many_o of_o the_o defendant_n and_o among_o they_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr valdez_n it_o be_v report_v he_o expose_v himself_o to_o that_o danger_n out_o of_o despair_n because_o when_o he_o return_v after_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n the_o king_n say_v the_o good_a man_n be_v leave_v there_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n consider_v the_o danger_n pamplona_n be_v in_o left_a james_n de_fw-fr vera_fw-la at_o s._n john_n the_o pied_a de_fw-fr porte_fw-fr with_o 800_o foot_n 200_o horse_n and_o 20_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o resolve_v himself_o with_o the_o rest_n to_o repass_v the_o mountain_n into_o navarre_n they_o enemy_n may_v have_v prevent_v he_o but_o they_o be_v oversee_v as_o well_o in_o that_o as_o in_o not_o march_v direct_o to_o pamplona_n which_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v take_v this_o delay_n give_v the_o duke_n leisure_n to_o march_v thither_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o zaragoça_n to_o join_v he_o with_o 600_o men._n several_a castle_n that_o have_v revolt_v be_v reduce_v have_v take_v torla_n and_o fall_v to_o plunder_v it_o the_o people_n of_o the_o valley_n join_v with_o the_o townsman_n fall_v upon_o the_o force_n kill_v above_o 2000_o and_o take_v all_o their_o baggage_n with_o some_o field-piece_n king_n john_n encamp_v at_o utroz_n within_o two_o league_n of_o pamplona_n hope_v the_o city_n will_v declare_v for_o he_o but_o our_o army_n have_v prevent_v it_o by_o expel_v 200_o citizen_n beside_o at_o puente_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr reyna_n which_o be_v hard_a by_o a_o great_a body_n assemble_v to_o relieve_v the_o place_n if_o it_o be_v requisite_a 1500_o man_n come_v from_o trasmiera_n and_o campos_n and_o 900_o from_o bugia_n which_o be_v land_v at_o barcelona_n soon_o after_o the_o force_n of_o arragon_n come_v thither_o the_o duke_n of_o najara_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o this_o army_n the_o french_a still_o expect_v more_o force_n from_o the_o dauphin_n and_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n be_v dissatisfy_v for_o that_o nothing_o succeed_v to_o his_o mind_n the_o french_a encamp_v so_o as_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o city_n another_o body_n 〈…〉_z leave_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n to_o divert_v the_o force_n of_o king_n ferdinand_n enter_v guipuscoa_n they_o pass_v by_o fuenterabia_n and_o sit_v down_o before_o s._n sebastian_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautrec_n command_v that_o army_n and_o resolve_v to_o attack_v that_o town_n d._n john_n d'_fw-fr arragon_n son_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o zaragoça_n be_v in_o the_o place_n who_o so_o encourage_v the_o garrison_n though_o small_a that_o the_o french_a retire_v into_o guienne_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n upon_o promise_n of_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n design_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o french_a but_o be_v take_v with_o four_o other_o that_o manage_v his_o intelligence_n he_o be_v keep_v many_o year_n a_o prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o xativa_n and_o his_o accomplice_n execute_v the_o season_n be_v unfit_a to_o lie_v in_o the_o field_n wherefore_o the_o french_a resolve_v to_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a they_o can_v they_o sack_v two_o monastery_n of_o nun_n that_o be_v without_o the_o wall_n a_o german_a captain_n open_v the_o tabernacle_n to_o scale_v the_o custodium_fw-la throw_v out_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n upon_o the_o altar_n the_o nun_n that_o be_v sacristan_n say_v how_o dare_v you_o commit_v such_o a_o sacrilege_n he_o answer_v this_o be_v not_o the_o god_n of_o the_o german_n but_o of_o the_o spaniard_n he_o be_v say_v soon_o after_o like_o judas_n to_o have_v burst_v asunder_o they_o plant_v their_o cannon_n and_o give_v two_o assault_n but_o still_o the_o defendant_n hold_v out_o the_o duke_n of_o najara_n with_o 600_o foot_n beside_o the_o horse_n appear_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n design_v either_o to_o fight_v or_o else_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n provision_n on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o november_n the_o french_a raise_v the_o siege_n and_o return_v towards_o france_n the_o constable_n of_o navarre_n pursue_v they_o and_o kill_v some_o take_v 13_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o thus_o end_v that_o war._n all_o the_o agramonteses_n submit_v themselves_o and_o the_o city_n pamplona_n be_v repair_v and_o a_o place_n mark_v out_o to_o build_v a_o castle_n d._n raymund_n de_fw-fr moncada_n have_v fortunate_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o florence_n march_v towards_o lombardy_n at_o modena_n he_o hold_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v the_o city_n bressa_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o venetian_n who_o hope_v to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o empeperor_n pretend_v to_o it_o and_o the_o swiss_n will_v have_v it_o give_v to_o duke_n maximilian_n sforcia_n who_o quarrel_n they_o have_v espouse_v to_o end_v this_o quarrel_n it_o be_v agree_v the_o viceroy_n shall_v hold_v it_o for_o the_o league_n till_o it_o can_v be_v decide_v who_o it_o belong_v to_o d._n peter_n d'_fw-fr urrea_n and_o andrew_n de_fw-fr burgo_n go_v to_o rome_n to_o know_v the_o pope_n pleasure_n and_o solicit_v the_o payment_n of_o some_o month_n arrear_n he_o plead_v that_o obligation_n have_v cease_v after_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n yet_o promise_v viceroy_n some_o money_n if_o the_o viceroy_n will_v quit_v lombardy_n and_o return_v to_o ferrara_n which_o above_o all_o thing_n he_o desire_v to_o possess_v himself_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o duke_n of_o urbino_n be_v encamp_v with_o 2000_o swiss_n a_o small_a force_n and_o even_o that_o desert_a for_o want_n of_o pay_n d._n peter_n d'_fw-fr urrea_n and_o his_o companion_n feed_v the_o pope_n with_o good_a word_n he_o resolve_v to_o send_v bernard_n de_fw-fr bibiena_n who_o be_v afterward_o a_o cardinal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o viceroy_n with_o his_o will._n at_o this_o time_n the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr pescara_n be_v ransom_v from_o the_o french_a come_v to_o milan_n and_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n that_o have_v belong_v to_o gaspar_n de_fw-fr pomar_n kill_v in_o that_o city_n give_v he_o on_o the_o first_o of_o october_n the_o viceroy_n pass_v the_o po_n with_o 9000_o foot_n prosper_v colona_n be_v march_v with_o above_o 400_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o 1000_o foot_n to_o join_v the_o viceroy_n the_o pope_n endeavour_v to_o hinder_v he_o but_o can_v not_o he_o also_o labour_v with_o the_o cardinal_n of_o zion_n that_o the_o swiss_n shall_v not_o admit_v the_o spaniard_n into_o lombardy_n at_o verona_n rocandulpho_n a_o commander_n of_o the_o emperor_n join_v the_o viceroy_n with_o 2000_o german_n 400_o horse_n and_o 27_o piece_n of_o cannon_n m._n d'_fw-fr aubigni_n before_o distress_a by_o the_o venetian_n see_v this_o new_a supply_n set_v up_o the_o emperor_n colour_n bernard_n de_fw-fr bibiena_n now_o come_v to_o the_o camp_n the_o viceroy_n answer_v he_o be_v too_o forward_o advance_v to_o go_v back_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o undertake_n he_o will_v obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o pope_n mounseur_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aubigni_n have_v leave_v to_o march_v out_o with_o his_o garrison_n arm_n baggage_n and_o horse_n to_o what_o part_n he_o please_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o milan_n or_o any_o other_o