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church_n bishop_n ordination_n presbyter_n 9,874 5 10.5221 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A56213 The substance of a speech made in the House of Commons by Wil. Prynn of Lincolns-Inn, Esquire, on Munday the fourth of December, 1648 touching the Kings answer to the propositions of both Houses upon the whole treaty, whether they were satisfactory, or not satisfactory : wherein the satisfactorinesse of the Kings answers to the propositions for settlement of a firm lasting peace, and future security of the subjects against all feared regall invasions and encroachments whatsoever is clearly demonstrated ... and that the armies remonstrance, Nov. 20, is a way to speedy and certain ruine ... / put into writing, and published by him at the importunate request of divers members, for the satisfaction of the whole kingdome, touching the Houses vote upon his debate. Prynne, William, 1600-1669. 1649 (1649) Wing P4093; ESTC R38011 126,097 147

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be_v thereby_o abolish_v and_o extirpate_v his_o power_n of_o ordination_n must_v be_v destroy_v with_o his_o function_n as_o well_o as_o suspend_v all_o which_o consider_v i_o can_v but_o conclude_v the_o king_n final_a answer_n as_o to_o the_o office_n of_o and_o ordination_n by_o bishop_n to_o be_v complete_o satisfactory_a to_o our_o demand_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o king_n in_o this_o particular_a of_o ordination_n plead_v only_o dissatisfaction_n in_o polnt_n of_o conscience_n for_o close_v with_o we_o in_o this_o seem_a punctilio_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o conscience_n though_o some_o have_v over_o rash_o censure_v it_o for_o a_o mere_a pretence_n to_o keep_v up_o bishop_n still_o he_o that_o have_v grant_v and_o yield_v we_o the_o great_a will_v never_o contest_v with_o we_o for_o the_o lesser_a nor_o go_v so_o far_o in_o the_o abolition_n of_o episcopacy_n as_o he_o have_v do_v and_o true_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o his_o majesty_n by_o 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and_o have_v so_o earnest_o contest_v against_o and_o contend_v now_o for_o no_o other_o but_o a_o apostolical_a bishop_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n with_o a_o ordinary_a minister_n or_o presbyter_n which_o bishop_n be_v apostolical_a and_o of_o divine_a institution_n we_o neither_o may_v nor_o can_v nor_o ever_o intend_v to_o abolish_v by_o our_o covenant_n to_o make_v this_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n conscience_n 1_o the_o king_n have_v yield_v to_o take_v away_o all_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n whatsoever_o exercise_v by_o our_o bishop_n in_o point_n of_o censure_n or_o discipline_n in_o his_o former_a answer_n and_o contend_v for_o nothing_o now_o but_o their_o power_n of_o ordination_n only_o and_o that_o not_o sole_o vest_v in_o the_o bishop_n but_o in_o he_o and_o other_o presbyter_n joint_o yet_o so_o as_o the_o bishop_n shall_v have_v a_o negative_a voice_n in_o ordination_n but_o the_o house_n vote_v this_o unsatisfactory_a because_o that_o 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nothing_o at_o all_o but_o a_o mere_a power_n of_o ordination_n actual_o suspend_v from_o any_o future_a execution_n but_o by_o both_o house_n assent_n four_o the_o king_n by_o abolish_n archbishop_n and_o dean_n and_o chapter_n have_v also_o therein_o actual_o abolish_v all_o bishop_n too_o for_o the_o future_a except_o those_o who_o be_v already_o make_v for_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 8._o no_o bishop_n can_v be_v consecrate_v but_o by_o a_o archbishop_n or_o some_o deputation_n from_o he_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n nor_o any_o bishop_n make_v or_o consecrate_v unless_o he_o be_v first_o elect_v by_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n upon_o a_o congee_n desly_o issue_v out_o to_o they_o to_o choose_v one_o now_o there_o be_v no_o dean_n and_o chapter_n leave_v to_o elect_v nor_o archbishop_n to_o consecrate_v any_o bishop_n for_o the_o future_a there_o can_v be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o hereafter_o make_v in_o england_n or_o ireland_n and_o so_o the_o bishop_n
any_o presbyter_n either_o quatenus_fw-la angel_n or_o bishop_n nor_o find_v i_o the_o name_n of_o a_o bishop_n in_o any_o of_o st._n john_n write_n but_o the_o title_n of_o a_o presbyter_n or_o elder_a very_a frequent_a by_o which_o himself_o be_v style_v and_o i_o wonder_v much_o the_o king_n or_o his_o bishop_n shall_v now_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o this_o angel_n and_o assert_v he_o to_o be_v a_o lord_n bishop_n not_o a_o ordinary_a minister_n for_o first_o 484._o king_n james_n himself_o and_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o engl._n with_o those_o learned_a man_n employ_v by_o they_o in_o the_o last_o translation_n of_o the_o bible_n in_o the_o very_a content_n prefix_v to_o this_o chap._n rev._n 2._o resolve_v the_o angel_n of_o those_o church_n to_o be_v minister_n in_o these_o very_a word_n what_o be_v command_v to_o be_v write_v to_o the_o angel_n that_o be_v the_o minister_n not_o bishop_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ephesus_n smyrna_n etc._n etc._n if_o then_o the_o angel_n by_o their_o joint_a confession_n when_o these_o content_n be_v first_o compose_v and_o prefix_v be_v only_o the_o minister_n not_o bishop_n of_o these_o church_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v constant_o admit_v confess_v and_o this_o publish_v to_o be_v so_o even_o in_o our_o authorize_v bibles_n use_v in_o all_o church_n chapel_n family_n and_o print_v cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la five_o or_o six_o time_n a_o year_n without_o any_o alteration_n or_o disallowance_n of_o this_o exposition_n i_o marvel_v much_o how_o the_o bishop_n now_o dare_v inform_v the_o king_n that_o these_o angel_n certain_o be_v only_a bishop_n but_o not_o minister_n diametral_o contrary_a to_o these_o authorize_v content_n of_o their_o own_o or_o predecessor_n affix_v with_o learned_a king_n james_n his_o approbation_n or_o how_o his_o majesty_n when_o he_o know_v it_o can_v believe_v they_o though_o they_o shall_v aver_v it_o against_o his_o own_o father_n and_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o england_n resolution_n which_o have_v so_o long_o receive_v and_o approve_v this_o translation_n exclude_v all_o other_o in_o public_a and_o these_o content_n thereto_o prefix_v second_o admit_v this_o angel_n of_o ephesus_n to_o be_v a_o diocesan_n bishop_n distinct_a from_o a_o ordinary_a presbyter_n yet_o he_o be_v but_o a_o apostate_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o first_o love_n ver_fw-la 4._o and_o if_o timothy_n as_o they_o affirm_v be_v sole_a bishop_n of_o ephesus_n he_o must_v be_v the_o apostate_n be_v at_o that_o time_n live_v unless_o he_o resign_v his_o office_n to_o some_o other_o which_o be_v improbable_a and_o for_o our_o bishop_n to_o father_n that_o divine_a right_n of_o their_o prelacy_n upon_o a_o apostate_n angel_n be_v no_o good_a divinity_n and_o less_o policy_n at_o this_o instant_n and_o this_o their_o rot_a foundation_n upon_o a_o apostate_n may_v probable_o be_v the_o ground_n why_o so_o many_o prelate_n in_o this_o and_o former_a age_n have_v turn_v apostate_n after_o they_o be_v create_v bishop_n three_o if_o those_o angel_n in_o the_o revelation_n be_v real_o lord_n bishop_n then_o certain_o the_o elder_n therein_o mention_v can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o presbyter_n not_o bishop_n as_o the_o prelate_n themselves_o will_v grant_v and_o if_o so_o then_o very_o the_o presbyter_n be_v the_o supreme_a of_o the_o two_o both_o in_o point_n of_o dignity_n ministry_n and_o precedency_n which_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o first_o i_o find_v the_o 24_o elder_n there_o mention_v sit_v upon_o twenty_o four_o seat_n round_o about_o christ_n throne_n and_o near_o to_o it_o rev._n 4._o 4._o c._n 11._o 16._o but_o the_o angel_n stand_v not_o sit_v round_o about_o it_o and_o they_o without_o any_o seat_n at_o all_o provide_v for_o they_o as_o inferior_a attendant_n rev._n 5._o 11._o c._n 7._o 11._o second_o i_o find_v these_o elder_n not_o only_o sit_v on_o seat_n next_o christ_n throne_n but_o likewise_o clothe_v with_o white_a raiment_n and_o have_v on_o their_o head_n crown_n of_o gold_n the_o emblem_n of_o supreme_a authority_n power_n and_o honour_n rev._n 4._o 4._o 10._o whereas_o the_o angel_n have_v neither_o white_a raiment_n nor_o crown_n so_o it_o seem_v bishop_n have_v no_o lawn_n sleeve_n nor_o rochet_n nor_o mitre_n then_o though_o they_o have_v since_o usurp_v and_o rob_v the_o presbyter_n of_o they_o three_o these_o elder_n not_o the_o angel_n be_v there_o always_o introduce_v 18._o worship_v and_o fall_v down_o before_o christ_n throne_n hold_v harp_n and_o golden_a viol_n in_o their_o hand_n full_a of_o odour_n represent_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o saint_n and_o sing_v the_o new_a song_n to_o he_o as_o the_o principal_a officer_n and_o minister_n of_o christ_n when_o as_o the_o angel_n stand_v by_o act_n or_o speak_v little_a in_o these_o kind_n like_o our_o late_a dumb_a unpreach_v and_o rare-praying_a prelate_n four_o the_o 24_o elder_n not_o the_o angel_n sing_v this_o new_a song_n of_o praise_n to_o christ_n 1_o rev._n 5._o 9_o 10._o worthy_a be_v thou_o to_o take_v the_o book_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v make_v we_o king_n and_o priest_n not_o angel_n or_o bishop_n to_o god_n the_o father_n and_o we_o not_o the_o angel_n that_o reign_v on_o the_o earth_n therefore_o in_o all_o these_o respect_n if_o the_o angel_n in_o the_o apocalypse_n be_v bishop_n as_o our_o prelate_n dream_n the_o elder_n must_v of_o necessity_n jure_fw-la divino_fw-la be_v their_o superior_n and_o lord_n paramount_n in_o point_n of_o dignity_n honour_n sovereignty_n ministry_n and_o they_o inferior_a in_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n unto_o presbyter_n not_o superior_a as_o they_o will_v real_o make_v themselves_o when_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v inform_v of_o these_o and_o many_o other_o particular_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o his_o conscience_n will_v be_v so_o much_o satisfy_v as_o whole_o to_o forgo_v and_o lay_v aside_o his_o pretend_a apostolical_a bishop_n both_o in_o point_n of_o function_n and_o ordination_n too_o as_o be_v the_o same_o with_o presbyter_n and_o since_o in_o his_o last_o paper_n but_o one_o he_o have_v profess_v to_o retain_v no_o other_o bishop_n but_o such_o as_o be_v apostolical_a he_o must_v present_o quit_v all_o those_o about_o he_o and_o their_o possession_n too_o since_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v apostolical_a 7._o the_o apostolical_a bishop_n be_v many_o always_o over_o one_o church_n and_o congregation_n not_o one_o over_o many_o church_n or_o a_o whole_a diocese_n as_o we_o be_v and_o have_v no_o palace_n manor_n land_n and_o possession_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v in_o the_o next_o particular_a which_o come_v to_o be_v now_o debate_v have_v full_o clear_v this_o to_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o the_o second_o question_n concern_v the_o sale_n of_o bishop_n land_n how_o far_o the_o king_n have_v condescend_v to_o it_o and_o whether_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o that_o proposition_n be_v satisfactory_a in_o the_o premise_a sense_n i_o confess_v i_o find_v this_o the_o grand_a and_o most_o sway_a argument_n of_o all_o other_o use_v by_o those_o who_o differ_v from_o i_o in_o the_o treaty_n as_o not_o satisfactory_a because_o the_o king_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o sale_n of_o bishop_n land_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o those_o public_a debt_n for_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v by_o both_o house_n whereby_o purchaser_n and_o lender_n upon_o that_o assurance_n will_v be_v not_o only_o defraud_v but_o cheat_v of_o their_o debt_n and_o purchase_n many_o of_o they_o quite_o undo_v and_o ruin_v and_o the_o honour_n and_o public_a faith_n of_o both_o house_n for_o ever_o forfeit_v and_o lay_v in_o the_o dust_n and_o indeed_o this_o be_v a_o very_a sensible_a argument_n especial_o to_o such_o member_n who_o have_v either_o purchase_v bishop_n land_n or_o advance_v money_n upon_o their_o security_n very_o fit_a to_o be_v full_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o do_v i_o hope_v to_o their_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o content_n i_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v most_o just_a and_o equal_a that_o all_o who_o have_v purchase_v bishop_n land_n or_o advance_v money_n to_o the_o state_n upon_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n and_o be_v no_o loser_n by_o it_o but_o rather_o gainer_n and_o i_o can_v have_v as_o hearty_o desire_v as_o any_o member_n in_o this_o house_n that_o the_o king_n in_o this_o particular_a of_o bishop_n land_n have_v give_v we_o plenary_a satisfaction_n the_o rather_o because_o i_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o house_n as_o one_o of_o the_o contractor_n though_o without_o my_o seek_n and_o to_o my_o prejudice_n by_o neglect_v my_o call_n and_o receive_v as_o yet_o not_o one_o farthing_n salary_n for_o it_o though_o i_o have_v spend_v and_o lose_v some_o hundred_o of_o pound_n in_o and_o by_o that_o employment_n and_o have_v he_o
more_o worldly_a business_n then_o spiritual_a devotion_n and_o more_o pomp_n and_o boast_v outward_a than_o holiness_n inward_a religio_fw-la peperit_fw-la divilia_n &_o filia_fw-la devoravit_fw-la matrem_fw-la which_o our_o bishop_n and_o translator_n of_o the_o bible_n likewise_o mention_v in_o their_o epistle_n prefix_v to_o it_o and_o 124._o ockam_n say_v and_o other_o observe_v that_o whereas_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n before_o that_o time_n be_v martyr_n scarce_o one_o of_o they_o prove_v a_o martyr_n afterward_o but_o in_o stead_n of_o be_v martyr_n fall_v a_o persecute_v and_o make_v martyr_n and_o if_o this_o voice_n of_o the_o angel_n perchance_o a_o bishop_n since_o our_o prelate_n will_v needs_o have_v the_o angel_n in_o rev._n 2._o to_o be_v bishop_n weretrue_v and_o subsequent_a experience_n have_v find_v it_o so_o that_o bishop_n and_o churchmen_n temporal_a land_n possession_n and_o endowment_n be_v no_o other_o but_o poison_n to_o the_o church_n and_o his_o majesty_n be_v convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o story_n i_o hope_v he_o will_v be_v satisfy_v in_o point_n of_o conscience_n that_o it_o be_v no_o sacrilege_n but_o wholesome_a physic_n to_o take_v away_o this_o poison_n from_o the_o church_n which_o have_v so_o much_o infect_v corrupt_a and_o will_v in_o fine_a destroy_v it_o and_o the_o bishop_n too_o and_o eat_v out_o all_o their_o piety_n and_o devotion_n three_o most_o bishop_n long_o after_o constantine_n time_n have_v very_o small_a or_o no_o revenue_n land_n and_o no_o other_o palace_n to_o reside_v in_o but_o poor_a little_a cottage_n it_o be_v all_o man_n opinion_n in_o those_o day_n 610._o that_o stately_a palace_n belong_v only_o unto_o emperor_n and_o prince_n and_o cottage_n and_o church_n unto_o bishop_n the_o 41._o four_o council_n of_o carthage_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 390._o decree_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v have_v hospitiolum_fw-la ali●tle_a cottage_n or_o hospital_n to_o dwell_v in_o near_o the_o church_n not_o a_o palace_n and_o in_o the_o 263._o excerption_n of_o egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n an._n 750._o i_o find_v the_o same_o canon_n renew_v among_o we_o as_o the_o canon_n law_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n shall_v have_v hospitiolum_fw-la a_o small_a cottageneer_n the_o church_n to_o live_v in_o not_o a_o stately_a mansion_n so_o as_o our_o bishop_n in_o those_o day_n have_v no_o great_a palace_n manor_n temporality_n and_o their_o very_a cathedral_n be_v build_v only_o with_o wattle_v or_o a_o few_o board_n piece_v together_o and_o cover_v but_o with_o reed_n stone-churche_n cover_v over_o with_o slat_n or_o lead_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o britian_n scot_n or_o irish_a for_o many_o hundred_o year_n as_o 14._o bishop_n usher_v himself_o assert_v out_o of_o beda_n eccles._n hist._n l._n 3._o c._n 4._o 5._o and_o bernard_n in_o the_o life_n of_o malachy_n and_o if_o their_o cathedral_n church_n be_v so_o mean_v their_o palace_n certain_o be_v but_o answerable_a poor_a little_a cottage_n and_o their_o revenue_n little_a or_o nothings_o but_o the_o people_n alm_n saint_n augustine_n that_o renown_a bishop_n of_o hippo_n have_v but_o a_o mean_a house_n to_o live_v in_o his_o dish_n and_o trencher_n be_v all_o earthen_a stone_n or_o wood_n his_o table_n furnish_v with_o pulse_n herb_n and_o a_o little_a pottage_n only_o for_o the_o most_o part_n seldom_o with_o flesh_n he_o have_v no_o plate_n but_o five_o or_o fix_v spoon_n and_o when_o he_o die_v he_o make_v no_o will_n at_o all_o because_o the_o poor_a saint_n of_o christ_n have_v nothing_o to_o bequeath_v as_o etc._n possidonius_fw-la record_v in_o his_o life_n cor._n saint_n chrysostome_n the_o great_a famous_a patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n ●_o and_o gregory_n nazianzen_n his_o predecessor_n have_v no_o stately_a palace_n furniture_n household_n stuff_n train_n of_o attendance_n nor_o any_o good_n or_o revenue_n at_o all_o nor_o 12._o john_n the_o almoner_n that_o succeed_v they_o nor_o that_o famous_a 35._o spiridion_n who_o keep_v a_o stock_n as_o a_o mean_a shepherd_n though_o a_o bishop_n and_o eminent_a saint_n hierom_n though_o no_o bishop_n yet_o the_o learn_a and_o famous_a scholar_n in_o his_o age_n or_o any_o after_o and_o of_o great_a repute_n 2._o write_v of_o himself_o that_o he_o live_v in_o pa●peri_fw-la tuguriolo_fw-la in_o a_o poor_a little_a cottage_n have_v scarce_o clothes_n to_o cover_v his_o nakedness_n so_o 46._o saint_n ambrose_n bishop_n of_o milan_n be_v very_o poor_a break_v the_o chalice_n in_o piece_n to_o relieve_v poor_a people_n and_o use_v this_o maxim_n gloriosa_fw-la in_o sacerdotibus_fw-la domini_fw-la paupertas_fw-la and_o if_o these_o great_a light_n bishop_n and_o father_n of_o the_o church_n in_o who_o name_n our_o prelate_n so_o much_o triumph_n be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o have_v no_o palace_n house_n and_o temporal_a possession_n as_o our_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n have_v i_o can_v yet_o discern_v no_o matter_n of_o conscience_n in_o it_o why_o our_o bishop_n shall_v have_v more_o than_o these_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n either_o enjoy_v or_o desire_v they_o be_v content_a with_o food_n and_o raiment_n as_o paul_n be_v and_o desire_v no_o more_o it_o be_v 196._o story_v of_o our_o ancient_a bishop_n that_o i_o read_v of_o present_a at_o the_o council_n of_o ariminum_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 379._o that_o they_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o inopia_fw-la preprii_fw-la publico_fw-la ust_o sunt_fw-la they_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o emperor_n public_a cost_n for_o want_v of_o private_a maintenance_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o they_o be_v eminent_a both_o for_o piety_n and_o learning_n and_o if_o their_o predecessor_n be_v ancient_o so_o poor_a it_o be_v no_o point_n of_o conscience_n to_o deprive_v our_o lord_n bishop_n not_o only_o of_o their_o land_n but_o function_n too_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o settlement_n of_o three_o kingdom_n now_o at_o the_o point_n of_o ruin_n when_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n be_v miserable_o rend_v and_o tear_v in_o africa_n by_o the_o schismatical_a donatist_n who_o will_v have_v no_o prelate_n and_o bishop_n that_o eminent_a bishop_n of_o hippo_n saint_n augustine_n and_o almost_o three_o hundred_o african_a bishop_n more_o be_v content_a to_o lay_v down_o their_o bishopric_n whole_o for_o that_o church_n peace_n and_o thereupon_o saint_n 772._o augustine_n utter_v these_o memorable_a word_n which_o i_o hearty_o with_o all_o our_o bishop_n will_v consider_v and_o then_o they_o will_v lay_v down_o both_o their_o land_n and_o bishopric_n too_o for_o our_o three_o kingdom_n present_a peace_n an_fw-mi vero_fw-la redemptor_n noster_fw-la &_o c_o what_o very_o do_v our_o redeemer_n descend_v from_o heaven_n itself_o into_o humane_a member_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v make_v his_o member_n and_o do_v we_o fear_v to_o descend_v out_o of_o our_o chair_n left_a ●is_n very_a member_n shall_v be_v tear_v in_o piece_n with_o cruel_a division_n we_o be_v ordain_v bishop_n for_o christian_a people_n that_o therefore_o which_o profitith_v christian_a people_n to_o christian_a peace_n that_o let_v we_o do_v concern_v our_o episcopacy_n what_o i_o be_o i_o be_o for_o thou_o if_o it_o profit_v thou_o i_o be_o not_o if_o it_o hurt_v thou_o if_o we_o be_v profitable_a servant_n why_o do_v we_o envy_v the_o eternal_a gain_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o our_o temporal_a sublimity_n our_o episcopal_a dignity_n will_v be_v more_o fruitful_a to_o we_o if_o be_v lay_v down_o it_o shall_v more_o unite_v the_o flock_n of_o christ_n then_o if_o it_o shall_v desperse_v it_o be_v retain_v if_o when_o i_o shall_v retain_v my_o bishopric_n i_o shall_v disperse_v the_o flock_n of_o christ_n how_o be_v this_o damage_n of_o the_o flock_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o pastor_n for_o with_o what_o forehead_n shall_v we_o hope_v for_o the_o honour_n promise_v in_o the_o world_n to_o come_v from_o christ_n if_o 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real_o do_v it_o i_o presume_v few_o member_n of_o this_o house_n now_o of_o a_o different_a opinion_n will_v have_v vote_v the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o whole_a treaty_n unsatisfactory_a but_o to_o take_v they_o as_o they_o be_v first_o the_o king_n have_v so_o far_o condescend_v to_o their_o sale_n and_o disposal_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v as_o that_o the_o purchaser_n shall_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n enjoy_v a_o lease_n of_o they_o not_o from_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o crown_n for_o 99_o year_n space_n reserve_v only_o the_o reversion_n afterward_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n in_o general_a term_n second_o the_o king_n will_v be_v content_a with_o the_o reservation_n only_o of_o the_o old_a or_o some_o other_o moderate_a rent_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o be_v employ_v only_o for_o the_o church_n use_n and_o benefit_n three_o that_o for_o the_o absolute_a sale_n or_o alienation_n of_o they_o he_o can_v 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bishop_n and_o likewise_o of_o dean_n and_o chapter_n prebend_n and_o the_o like_a it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o just_a &_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v demand_v and_o enjoy_v the_o reversion_n of_o they_o after_o ninety_o nine_o year_n and_o such_o a_o moderate_a rent_n as_o he_o and_o both_o house_n shall_v agree_v on_o and_o that_o this_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n wherein_o he_o demand_v so_o little_a now_o only_o for_o the_o church_n use_n and_o benefit_n not_o his_o own_o shall_v be_v full_o satisfactory_a because_o we_o be_v very_o well_o content_a in_o former_a treaty_n he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o whole_a only_o to_o their_o own_o use_n three_o that_o near_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n possession_n and_o revenue_n consist_v in_o impropriation_n tithe_n pension_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o king_n be_v content_a whole_o to_o part_v with_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o minister_n mean_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o church_n without_o any_o reservation_n or_o recompense_n and_o with_o all_o dean_n and_o chapter_n land_n and_o revenue_n to_o boot_v therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v unsatisfactory_a or_o unreasonable_a in_o no_o man_n judgement_n for_o the_o king_n to_o reserve_v some_o interest_n in_o the_o reversion_n and_o rent_n only_o of_o their_o demesne_fw-la land_n four_o the_o king_n demand_v the_o riversion_n of_o the_o land_n after_o ninety_o nine_o year_n and_o some_o present_a moderate_a rent_n not_o for_o the_o use_n and_o support_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o keep_v a_o root_n for_o they_o to_o grow_v up_o again_o in_o our_o church_n as_o have_v be_v mistake_v by_o some_o archbishop's_n and_o bishop_n too_o be_v extirpated_a root_n and_o branch_n by_o the_o king_n former_a answer_n as_o i_o have_v manifest_v but_o only_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n and_o we_o shall_v agree_v to_o settle_v they_o who_o shall_v take_v care_n that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v be_v a_o sharer_n in_o they_o all_o be_v to_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o crown_n alone_o and_o nothing_o in_o reversion_n or_o possession_n to_o in_o or_o upon_o the_o bishop_n five_o the_o king_n consent_v that_o the_o purchaser_n of_o bishop_n land_n shall_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v a_o lease_n of_o they_o for_o ninety_o nine_o year_n reserve_v the_o reversion_n only_o after_o that_o term_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v no_o ill_a but_o a_o very_a good_a bargain_n for_o the_o purchaser_n such_o a_o lease_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v far_o better_o than_o the_o whole_a inheritance_n by_o a_o bare_a ordinance_n of_o both_o house_n which_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v if_o not_o confirm_v by_o a_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n will_v prove_v little_o better_o than_o a_o tenancy_n at_o will_n or_o a_o lease_n so_o long_o only_o as_o this_o parliament_n continue_v ordinance_n of_o both_o house_n only_o without_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n thereto_o be_v a_o new_a device_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n to_o supply_v some_o present_a necessity_n for_o our_o necessary_a defence_n and_o preservation_n during_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o hostility_n never_o know_v nor_o use_v in_o any_o former_a parliament_n what_o ever_o have_v be_v conceive_v to_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o this_o offer_n of_o the_o k._n be_v no_o prejudice_n at_o all_o but_o a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o purchaser_n wherewith_o they_o shall_v rest_v full_o satisfy_v but_o admit_v it_o be_v any_o loss_n at_o all_o to_o they_o and_o not_o rather_o a_o gain_n as_o thing_n now_o stand_v in_o our_o totter_a condition_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o of_o the_o reversion_n of_o these_o land_n after_o ninety_o nine_o year_n worth_n not_o above_o one_o quarter_n or_o half_a a_o year_n purchase_v at_o the_o utmost_a which_o consider_v the_o low_a value_n at_o which_o bishop_n land_n be_v sell_v and_o the_o cheap_a rate_n now_o that_o most_o purchaser_n give_v for_o bill_n of_o public_a faith_n with_o which_o they_o buy_v they_o they_o may_v be_v well_o content_a to_o lose_v to_o secure_v their_o purchase_n for_o ninety_o nine_o year_n in_o these_o tumultuous_a and_o fluctuate_a time_n when_o some_o wise_a man_n who_o have_v make_v such_o purchase_n will_v very_o glad_o give_v two_o or_o three_o year_n purchase_n if_o not_o more_o at_o the_o assurance_n office_n to_o any_o who_o will_v ensure_v their_o estate_n in_o bishop_n land_n for_o so_o long_a a_o term_n and_o think_v they_o have_v a_o good_a bargain_n too_o at_o leastwise_o far_o better_a than_o the_o bishop_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v revive_v again_o as_o some_o fear_n who_o must_v be_v keep_v starve_v for_o 99_o year_n in_o expectation_n of_o a_o dry_a reversion_n all_o which_o consider_v the_o king_n answer_n touch_v such_o reversion_n i_o humble_o conceive_v will_v be_v very_o
satisfactory_a to_o the_o purchaser_n of_o bishop_n land_n themselves_o who_o be_v most_o displease_v with_o it_o as_o to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v object_v object_n that_o some_o have_v purchase_v reversion_n of_o bishop_n land_n after_o 99_o year_n in_o be_v who_o must_v absolute_o lose_v their_o purchase_n money_n after_o this_o rate_n which_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o honourable_a for_o the_o parliament_n i_o answer_v answer_n that_o this_o be_v but_o the_o case_n of_o three_o or_o four_o only_o that_o their_o purchase_n be_v of_o no_o considerable_a value_n nor_o buy_v fing_o by_o themselves_o but_o joint_o with_o land_n or_o rent_n in_o possession_n of_o good_a value_n in_o which_o they_o have_v the_o cheap_a purchase_n to_o take_v off_o the_o reversion_n after_o so_o long_a a_o term_n which_o loss_n in_o the_o reversion_n they_o may_v content_o undergo_v to_o purchase_v their_o own_o and_o the_o kingdom_n peace_n and_o enjoy_v what_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o these_o reversion_n in_o possession_n without_o trouble_n or_o eviction_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o 99_o year_n space_n or_o receive_v other_o satisfaction_n from_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o their_o contentment_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o i_o shall_v present_o inform_v you_o six_o to_o that_o concern_v the_o present_a rent_n which_o the_o kingdemand_n out_o of_o bishop_n land_n which_o stick_v most_o with_o purchaser_n many_o of_o they_o have_v purchase_v nothing_o but_o rent_n and_o other_o more_o rent_n than_o land_n in_o possession_n which_o rent_n must_v all_o be_v lose_v if_o they_o must_v pay_v their_o old_a rent_n over_o to_o the_o king_n to_o their_o undo_n which_o will_v be_v both_o unjust_a unconscionable_a and_o dishonourable_a to_o the_o house_n upon_o who_o assurance_n and_o engagement_n to_o enjoy_v their_o bargain_n they_o be_v induce_v both_o to_o lend_v money_n on_o and_o to_o purchase_v these_o land_n afterward_o and_o will_v be_v no_o better_o then_o plain_a cheat_v and_o render_v they_o odious_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o some_o have_v object_v i_o will_v not_o answer_v it_o with_o caveat_n emptor_n but_o desire_v they_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n in_o his_o answer_n do_v not_o peremptory_o require_v the_o bishop_n old_a rent_n during_o the_o 99_o year_n but_o only_o disjunctive_o either_o the_o old_a rent_n or_o some_o other_o moderate_a rent_n to_o be_v agree_v on_o and_o if_o only_a a_o moderate_a proportion_n of_o the_o old_a rent_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n the_o purchaser_n be_v sure_a to_o enjoy_v the_o residue_n during_o the_o 99_o year_n and_o so_o his_o purchase_n money_n not_o total_o lose_v as_o be_v object_v beside_o the_o king_n will_v not_o reserve_v these_o rent_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o or_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o the_o church_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o minister_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o he_o and_o his_o house_n shall_v agree_v in_o the_o bill_n for_o settle_v these_o land_n in_o the_o way_n propound_v by_o he_o which_o offer_n open_v this_o just_a and_o honourable_a way_n for_o the_o house_n to_o give_v all_o purchaser_n of_o bishop_n land_n and_o rent_n full_a satisfaction_n both_o for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reversion_n after_o 99_o year_n and_o for_o the_o present_a rent_n which_o shall_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o bishop_n land_n to_o the_o church_n use_n which_o i_o believe_v the_o king_n and_o house_n will_v ready_o consent_v to_o and_o that_o be_v to_o settle_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o much_o of_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n demein_o land_n and_o rent_n upon_o the_o purchaser_n as_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reversion_n after_o 99_o year_n and_o present_a rent_n to_o the_o crown_n shall_v amount_v unto_o upon_o a_o just_a computation_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o purchaser_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n of_o dean_n and_o chapter_n land_n and_o rent_n for_o their_o bishop_n shall_v have_v such_o full_a and_o satisfactory_a content_n even_o in_o kind_n as_o will_v clear_v the_o honour_n justice_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o house_n fair_a deal_n in_o this_o particular_a throughout_o all_o the_o world_n and_o give_v the_o minister_n full_a satisfaction_n likewise_o for_o the_o augmentation_n of_o who_o living_n and_o maintenance_n the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n land_n and_o rent_n be_v design_v by_o settle_v the_o reversion_n and_o rent_n reserve_v to_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o the_o bishop_n land_n for_o the_o church_n use_n upon_o those_o who_o shall_v have_v enjoy_v the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n land_n thus_o settle_v on_o the_o purchaser_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n can_v be_v no_o loss_n nor_o prejudice_n to_o any_o this_o be_v such_o a_o visible_a and_o real_a satisfaction_n to_o all_o purchaser_n as_o none_o of_o they_o can_v just_o open_v their_o mouth_n against_o be_v both_o for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o advantage_n and_o the_o kingdom_n settlement_n but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o dislike_v this_o real_a satisfaction_n which_o the_o king_n no_o doubt_n will_v yield_v to_o there_o be_v a_o other_o mean_v provide_v by_o this_o very_a treaty_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n and_o that_o be_v by_o ready_a money_n for_o what_o ever_o they_o shall_v lose_v by_o bishop_n land_n in_o possession_n or_o reversion_n by_o this_o reservation_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o never_o will_v nor_o can_v refuse_v in_o justice_n or_o equity_n they_o have_v the_o bishop_n land_n convey_v to_o they_o only_o by_o way_n of_o mortgage_n or_o security_n for_o money_n lend_v upon_o the_o public_a faith_n and_o the_o house_n by_o the_o 12_o article_n of_o this_o treaty_n have_v time_n within_o two_o year_n space_n by_o act_n or_o act_n to_o raise_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o the_o money_n lend_v upon_o bishop_n land_n and_o the_o public_a faith_n be_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o the_o same_o justice_n of_o the_o house_n which_o have_v already_o provide_v by_o several_a ordinance_n a_o sufficient_a recompense_n and_o satisfaction_n for_o purchaser_n of_o bishop_n land_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n or_o of_o emergent_a charge_n and_o encumbrance_n discover_v after_o the_o purchase_v make_v may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a assurance_n to_o they_o of_o the_o house_n justice_n that_o they_o will_v give_v they_o as_o good_a or_o better_a satisfaction_n by_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n i_o have_v here_o propound_v for_o any_o thing_n they_o shall_v part_v with_o to_o the_o king_n or_o church_n for_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o kingdom_n peace_n seven_o it_o have_v be_v the_o solemn_a protestation_n and_o declaration_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n in_o all_o their_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o king_n kingdom_n and_o foreign_a state_n that_o they_o have_v take_v up_o defensive_a arm_n against_o the_o king_n party_n only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o religion_n law_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o bring_v delinquent_n to_o condign_a punishment_n now_o bishop_n land_n and_o rent_n i_o be_o certain_a be_v neither_o our_o religion_n lawyer_n nor_o liberty_n and_o i_o think_v they_o be_v no_o delinquent_n though_o most_o bishop_n be_v and_o shall_v we_o now_o after_o seven_o year_n war_n and_o sixty_o day_n treaty_n make_v bishop_n land_n which_o for_o five_o year_n time_n or_o more_o of_o our_o war_n be_v never_o think_v of_o the_o sole_a or_o principal_a cause_n at_o least_o of_o our_o present_a breach_n with_o the_o king_n and_o the_o only_a ground_n of_o a_o new_a war_n god_n forbid_v will_v not_o the_o world_n then_o just_o censure_v we_o for_o notorioun_n hypocrite_n and_o impostor_n pretend_v one_o thing_n and_o intend_v another_o will_v they_o not_o then_o say_v that_o bishop_n palace_n and_o land_n be_v the_o only_a religion_n and_o liberty_n we_o have_v fight_v for_o the_o only_a delinquent_n we_o have_v bring_v to_o public_a justice_n and_o execution_n that_o we_o will_v never_o have_v suppress_v archbishop_n and_o bishop_n nor_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n with_o band_n list_v up_o to_o heaven_n to_o endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v they_o as_o antichristian_a but_o only_o to_o gain_v and_o retain_v all_o their_o land_n and_o revenue_n and_o never_o condemn_v their_o function_n but_o only_o to_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n and_o that_o we_o must_v now_o maintain_v a_o army_n upon_o their_o exhaust_a purse_n and_o estate_n only_o to_o defend_v these_o parchaser_n title_n to_o the_o bishop_n inheritance_n if_o so_o for_o shame_n let_v we_o never_o break_v off_o this_o treaty_n nor_o ruin_v two_o or_o three_o kingdom_n upon_o such_o a_o absurd_a dissatisfaction_n as_o this_o and_o if_o our_o parchaser_n of_o bishop_n land_n shall_v still_o refuse_v to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o that_o twofold_a
recompense_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v and_o keep_v up_o a_o army_n to_o maintain_v their_o purchase_n rather_o than_o yield_v to_o any_o reason_n i_o shall_v humble_o move_v that_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o themselves_o may_v defray_v the_o army_n tax_n and_o quarter_n and_o then_o i_o be_o certain_a they_o will_v have_v a_o dear_a bargain_n than_o what_o the_o king_n or_o i_o have_v propose_v for_o their_o satisfaction_n and_o the_o better_a to_o persuade_v they_o to_o embrace_v this_o compensation_n i_o have_v only_o this_o more_o to_o offer_v both_o to_o they_o and_o you_o that_o if_o you_o break_v off_o with_o the_o king_n upon_o this_o point_n or_o close_o with_o the_o army_n they_o be_v most_o certain_a to_o lose_v all_o for_o a_o bare_a ordinance_n of_o both_o house_n in_o no_o legal_a title_n nor_o good_a security_n against_o king_n or_o bishop_n without_o the_o king_n concurrence_n and_o royal_a assent_n unto_o it_o and_o valid_a no_o long_o then_o maintain_v by_o the_o sword_n the_o worst_a and_o most_o hazardous_a title_n of_o all_o other_o which_o will_v quick_o cost_v the_o purchaser_n and_o kingdom_n treble_v the_o value_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n revenue_n and_o if_o they_o close_v with_o the_o army_n to_o break_v the_o treaty_n they_o tell_v they_o in_o direct_a term_n in_o print_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o army_n true_o state_v present_v to_o the_o general_n by_o the_o agitator_n of_o the_o army_n at_o hampstead_n october_n 15._o 1647._o pag._n 16._o that_o whereas_o the_o time_n be_v whole_o corrupt_v when_o person_n be_v appoint_v to_o make_v sale_n of_o bishop_n land_n and_o whereas_o parliament-man_n committee-man_n and_o kinsfolk_n be_v the_o only_a buyer_n and_o much_o be_v sell_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v presended_a that_o little_a or_o no_o money_n be_v receive_v and_o whereas_o lord_n parliament-man_n and_o some_o other_o rich_a man_n have_v vast_a sum_n of_o arrear_n allow_v they_o in_o their_o purchase_n and_o all_o their_o money_n lend_v to_o the_o state_n pay_v they_o while_o other_o be_v leave_v in_o necessity_n to_o who_o the_o state_n be_v much_o indebt_v and_o so_o present_a money_n that_o may_v be_v for_o the_o equal_a advantage_n of_o all_o be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o public_a treasury_n by_o those_o sale_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o bea_fw-mi insist_v on_o that_o the_o sale_n of_o bishop_n land_n be_v review_v and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o their_o worth_n and_o for_o present_a money_n for_o the_o public_a use_n and_o that_o the_o sale_n of_o all_o such_o be_v recall_v as_o have_v not_o be_v sell_v to_o their_o worth_n or_o for_o present_a money_n this_o particular_a among_o other_o they_o profess_v they_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a engagement_n to_o prosecute_v and_o be_v now_o march_v up_o to_o london_n according_o to_o pursue_v it_o as_o their_o late_a remonstrance_n and_o declaration_n intimate_v and_o themselves_o profess_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n which_o i_o desire_v the_o member_n who_o have_v purchase_v bishop_n land_n who_o be_v general_o most_o unsatisfied_a with_o the_o king_n answer_n especial_o in_o this_o particular_a serious_o to_o consider_v and_o then_o to_o make_v their_o election_n whether_o they_o will_v now_o close_o with_o the_o king_n concession_n and_o what_o i_o have_v here_o propound_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o reversion_n after_o 99_o year_n and_o present_a rent_n they_o may_v chance_v to_o part_v with_o and_o so_o secure_a their_o purchase_n for_o this_o term_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o have_v full_a compensation_n for_o what_o they_o part_v with_o either_o in_o ready_a money_n or_o dean_n and_o chapter_n land_n and_o rent_n and_o so_o be_v no_o loser_n but_o great_a gainer_n by_o the_o bargain_n or_o else_o break_v with_o the_o king_n to_o please_v the_o army_n and_o so_o be_v certain_a to_o lose_v all_o between_o they_o not_o only_o once_o but_o twice_o over_o for_o the_o agitator_n in_o the_o army_n tell_v they_o plain_o that_o all_o their_o purchase_n shall_v be_v review_v and_o if_o they_o have_v purchase_v they_o to_o a_o under_o rate_n or_o not_o for_o ready_a money_n which_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v do_v but_o by_o ticket_n of_o their_o own_o or_o buy_v at_o very_o low_a value_n of_o other_o which_o it_o be_v like_a they_o will_v also_o examine_v that_o than_o their_o sale_n shall_v be_v absolute_o recall_v and_o sell_v to_o other_o at_o full_a value_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o so_o all_o be_v lose_v in_o good_a earnest_n or_o else_o they_o must_v re-purchase_a they_o for_o ready_a money_n at_o high_a value_n without_o any_o assurance_n from_o the_o king_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o lose_v they_o again_o the_o second_o time_n if_o ever_o he_o or_o his_o prelatical_a party_n shall_v prevail_v and_o yet_o be_v enforce_v to_o answer_v and_o restore_v all_o the_o mean_a profit_n they_o have_v take_v to_o boot_v a_o very_a hard_a chapter_n and_o bargain_n to_o digest_v if_o they_o advise_o consider_v it_o which_o by_o accept_v the_o king_n offer_n be_v most_o certain_o prevent_v who_o perchance_o in_o shore_n time_n upon_o second_o thought_n and_o conference_n with_o learned_a man_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o conscience_n in_o the_o point_n of_o sacrilege_n if_o he_o shall_v consent_v to_o the_o total_a alienation_n of_o these_o land_n from_o the_o church_n may_v come_v up_o full_o to_o our_o desire_n and_o part_n with_o the_o very_a inheritance_n to_o the_o purchaser_n as_o ample_o a●_n they_o have_v purchase_v it_o rather_o than_o leave_v his_o own_o and_o the_o kingdom_n interest_n whole_o unsettled_a and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o make_v little_a question_n that_o have_v the_o prelate_n and_o clergyman_n with_o the_o king_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n deal_v candid_o and_o clear_o with_o he_o in_o this_o particular_a of_o the_o sale_n of_o bishop_n land_n that_o may_v have_v easy_o satisfy_v his_o conscience_n in_o this_o very_a thing_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o from_o these_o ground_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o i_o shall_v but_o point_v at_o to_o satisfy_v other_o who_o perchance_o be_v scrupulous_a herein_o even_o in_o point_n of_o conscience_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n first_o the_o king_n in_o his_o last_o paper_n 〈◊〉_d in_o express_a term_n protess_v that_o he_o have_v abalish_v all_o but_o the_o apostolical_a bishop_n invest_v with_o a_o negative_a vay●e_n or_o power_n in_o point_n of_o ordination_n and_o if_o so_o than_o i_o be_o certain_a he_o have_v likewise_o abolish_v all_o bishop_n palace_n lordship_n revenue_n rent_n and_o possession_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o neither_o the_o apo●ls_n themselves_o not_o any_o apostolical_a bishop_n of_o their_o ordination_n in_o their_o day_n or_o for_o above_o 300._o year_n after_o have_v any_o land_n or_o possession_n annex_v to_o their_o apostleship_n or_o bishopric_n but_o live_v mere_o upon_o the_o 8._o a●ms_n and_o 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